2026年全国高考Ⅱ卷英语真题阅读理解D篇长难句分析

道阻且长，行则将至，行而不辍，未来可期；愿所有身在旅途者终能归家，愿所有前途迷茫者寻到方向；一应终末，皆为新生；未来再见！

【生词】

1. package n.包裹、盒、包、套餐；v.把…打包、报装；

2. transportation n.运输、运送、交通、运输工具；

3. tackle v.处理、解决、应付、与…交涉

4. shift v.移动、转移、转换到；n.改变、转变、轮班工作时间

5. privately adv.私下地、秘密地、私自

【解析】

① Barcelona是句子的主语，has put together是谓语动词，采用现在完成时，表示动作已经完成且对现在有影响，put together是固定短语，意为：整合、配套推出；a package of clean energy technologies做宾语，其中a package of是量词短语，clean energy作前置定语修饰核心名词technologies，to help public transportation go greener是to do不定式短语做目的状语，修饰谓语动词，说明推出这套技术组合的直接目的，public transportation做help的宾语，go greener是不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，意思是：巴塞罗那推出了一套清洁能源技术组合，旨在推动公共交通向更环保的方向转型；

② while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market是由while +现在分词短语构成，表示在实现主要目的的同时，所伴随发生的次要动作或产生的附加意义，相当于 while (Barcelona is) also doing...，整体由 and 连接两个并列动宾结构：doing its part to tackle... + (doing its part to) aid...；while also是连接并列的状语，表示：同时也在…；doing its part是现在分词短语，逻辑主语仍是 Barcelona，意为：尽一份力；to tackle... and aid...是由and连接的两个并列的不定式短语，作 doing its part 的目的状语，具体说明尽力的方向；climate change做tackle的宾语，表示：应对气候变化；aid是并列不定式，与tackle 平行，Europe’s difficult shift做aid的宾语，Europe’s difficult是双重前置定语修饰shift，to the privately owned electric vehicle market是介词短语做后置定语修饰shift，privately owned是前置定语修饰electric vehicle，表示：助力欧洲艰难地向私人电动汽车市场过渡；句子意思是：同时，这也是在为应对气候变化贡献力量，并助力欧洲艰难地向私人电动汽车市场转型；

【句子成分结构树状图】

[句子] Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener, while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market.

│

├───[主语] Barcelona (巴塞罗那)

│   └───[专有名词] Barcelona

├───[谓语动词短语] has put together (已整合/汇集)

│   ├───[助动词] has (已经)

│   └───[及物动词] put together (整合)

├───[宾语] a package of clean energy technologies (一套清洁能源技术方案)

│   ├───[限定词] a (一套)

│   ├───[核心名词] package (方案/包)

│   └───[后置定语：介词短语] of clean energy technologies (清洁能源技术的)

│       ├───[介词] of

│       └───[宾语：名词短语] clean energy technologies (清洁能源技术)

│           ├───[形容词] clean (清洁的)

│           ├───[名词作定语] energy (能源)

│           └───[核心名词] technologies (技术)

├───[目的状语①：不定式短语] to help public transportation go greener (以帮助公共交通更加绿色环保)

│   ├───[不定式标志] to

│   ├───[谓语动词] help (帮助)

│   ├───[宾语] public transportation (公共交通)

│   │   ├───[形容词] public (公共的)

│   │   └───[核心名词] transportation (交通)

│   └───[宾语补足语：不定式短语（省略to）] go greener (变得更加绿色)

│       ├───[系动词] go (变得)

│       └───[表语：比较级形容词] greener (更加绿色的)

└───[伴随/补充状语②：现在分词短语] while also doing its part to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market

    │   (同时也在尽己之力以应对气候变化，并助力欧洲向私人电动汽车市场的艰难转型)

    ├───[连接词] while (同时)

    ├───[副词] also (也)

    ├───[现在分词短语核心] doing its part (尽己之力)

    │   ├───[谓语动词（现在分词）] doing (做/尽)

    │   └───[宾语] its part (它的那一份/己之力)

    │       ├───[物主代词] its (它的，指代巴塞罗那的)

    │       └───[核心名词] part (份/职责)

    └───[目的状语：不定式短语] to tackle climate change and aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market

        │   (以应对气候变化，并助力欧洲向私人电动汽车市场的艰难转型)

        ├───[不定式标志] to

        ├───[并列谓语①：不定式短语] tackle climate change (应对气候变化)

        │   ├───[谓语动词] tackle (应对/处理)

        │   └───[宾语] climate change (气候变化)

        │       ├───[核心名词] climate (气候)

        │       └───[核心名词] change (变化)

        ├───[并列连词] and (并)

        └───[并列谓语②：不定式短语] aid Europe’s difficult shift to the privately owned electric vehicle market (助力欧洲向私人电动汽车市场的艰难转型)

            ├───[谓语动词] aid (帮助/助力)

            ├───[宾语] Europe’s difficult shift (欧洲的艰难转型)

            │   ├───[名词所有格] Europe’s (欧洲的)

            │   ├───[形容词] difficult (艰难的)

            │   └───[核心名词] shift (转型/转变)

            └───[后置定语：介词短语] to the privately owned electric vehicle market (向私人电动汽车市场的)

                ├───[介词] to (向/朝着)

                └───[宾语：名词短语] the privately owned electric vehicle market (私人电动汽车市场)

                    ├───[限定词] the

                    ├───[副词] privately (私人地)

                    ├───[过去分词作形容词] owned (拥有的)

                    ├───[名词作定语] electric vehicle (电动汽车)

                    │   ├───[形容词] electric (电动的)

                    │   └───[核心名词] vehicle (车辆)

                    └───[核心名词] market (市场)

【句意】巴塞罗那推出了一套清洁能源技术组合方案，旨在推动公共交通向更环保的方向转型，同时，这也是在为应对气候变化贡献力量，并助力欧洲艰难地向私人电动汽车市场转型；

That energy can be immediately used to acceleratethe vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.

【生词】

1. accelerate v.加速、加快、促进；

2. cable n.电缆、钢缆、缆绳；v.给…安装有线电视，给…发电报；

3. electricity n.电、电流、电力；

【解析】

① That energy是句子的主语，can be immediately used是谓语动词，immediately是副词作状语修饰used，to accelerate the vehicle是不定式短语作目的状语，解释被用来做什么，the vehicle做accelerate的宾语，表示：这些能量可以被立即用来为车辆加速；

② in the case of the Barcelona subway system是介词短语做插入语，起补充说明作用，in the case of是固定搭配，意为：就…而言/以…为例；the Barcelona subway system做介词of的宾语，意思是：以巴塞罗那地铁系统为例；

③ sent along cables是过去分词短语，与前面的can be构成can be sent，属于平行省略结构，can be used… or (can be) sent…，并列被动谓语，重复部分can be直接省略，along cables是介词短语做方式或地点状语，表示：沿着电缆、通过电缆；to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers是to do不定式结构做目的状语，or the station or for electric car chargers是由or连接的两个介词短语，作supply electricity的目的状语，说明供电的具体对象，意思是：为车站或电动汽车充电桩提供电力；

【句子成分结构树状图】

[句子] That energy can be immediately used to accelerate the vehicle or, in the case of the Barcelona subway system, sent along cables to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers.

│

├───[主语] That energy (那种能量)

│   ├───[指示代词] That (那/那种)

│   └───[核心名词] energy (能量)

├───[谓语动词短语①] can be immediately used (可以被立即用于)

│   ├───[情态动词] can (可以)

│   ├───[助动词] be (构成被动语态)

│   ├───[方式状语：副词] immediately (立即地)

│   └───[过去分词] used (被使用)

├───[目的状语①：不定式短语] to accelerate the vehicle (以加速车辆)

│   ├───[不定式标志] to

│   ├───[谓语动词] accelerate (加速)

│   └───[宾语] the vehicle (车辆)

│       ├───[限定词] the

│       └───[核心名词] vehicle

├───[并列连词] or (或者)

├───[逗号] , (分隔插入语)

├───[插入语：介词短语] in the case of the Barcelona subway system (以巴塞罗那地铁系统为例)

│   ├───[介词] in

│   └───[宾语：名词短语] the case of the Barcelona subway system (巴塞罗那地铁系统的情况)

│       ├───[限定词] the

│       ├───[核心名词] case (情况/案例)

│       └───[后置定语：介词短语] of the Barcelona subway system (巴塞罗那地铁系统的)

│           ├───[介词] of

│           └───[宾语：名词短语] the Barcelona subway system (巴塞罗那地铁系统)

│               ├───[限定词] the

│               ├───[专有名词] Barcelona (巴塞罗那)

│               ├───[名词作定语] subway (地铁)

│               └───[核心名词] system (系统)

├───[逗号] , (分隔插入语)

├───[谓语动词短语②（省略can be）] sent along cables (被通过电缆输送)

│   ├───[过去分词] sent (被输送，与前面的can be共用构成can be sent)

│   └───[方式/地点状语：介词短语] along cables (沿着电缆/通过电缆)

│       ├───[介词] along (沿着)

│       └───[宾语] cables (电缆)

└───[目的状语②：不定式短语] to supply electricity for the station or for electric car chargers (为地铁站或电动汽车充电桩供电)

    ├───[不定式标志] to

    ├───[谓语动词] supply (提供/供应)

    ├───[直接宾语] electricity (电力)

    └───[间接宾语/对象状语：介词短语] for the station or for electric car chargers (为地铁站或为电动汽车充电桩)

        ├───[并列结构]

             ├───[介词短语①] for the station (为地铁站)

             │   ├───[介词] for (为)

             │   └───[宾语] the station (车站/地铁站)

             │       ├───[限定词] the

             │       └───[核心名词] station

             ├───[并列连词] or (或者)

             └───[介词短语②] for electric car chargers (为电动汽车充电桩)

                 ├───[介词] for (为)

                 └───[宾语：名词短语] electric car chargers (电动汽车充电桩)

                     ├───[形容词] electric (电动的)

                     ├───[名词作定语] car (汽车)

                     └───[核心名词] chargers (充电桩)

【句意】这些能量可以被立即用来为车辆加速；或者以巴塞罗那地铁系统为例，顺着电缆输送出去，为车站或电动汽车充电桩提供电力；

Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby.

【生词】

1. electrical adj.电的、与电有关的；n.电气设备、电路；

2. engineering n.工程、工程学、控制、引导、管理；v.设计、建造、策划；

3. innovative adj.革新的、新颖的、富有革新精神的；

4. redirected v.重新传入、重新寄送；

【解析】

① Alvaro Luna是句子的主语，a professor of electrical engineering是同位语，由两个逗号隔开，对主语Alvaro Luna的身份进行补充说明，of electrical engineering是介词短语做后置定语，修饰professor，表示：电气工程教授Alvaro Luna；said是谓语动词；

② that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby.是that引导的宾语从句，the system是从句的主语，is是系动词，innovative做表语，表示：该系统具有创新性；in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses是in so far as引导的状语从句，修饰前面的形容词innovative，it是从句的主语，指代the system，allows for是谓语动词，recycled energy做宾语，to be redirected to specific local uses是to do不定式被动结构作宾语补足语，说明能量被允许发生的动作，to specific local uses是介词短语作状语，修饰redirected，意思是：它能将回收的能量重新引导至特定的本地用途；

③ in this case powering electric cars parked nearby破折号引导的补充说明，对specific local uses举例说明，in this case是介词短语，意为：在这种情况下、在本例中；powering electric cars parked nearby是动名词短语，作in this case的同位语，electric cars做powering的宾语，parked nearby是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰cars，表示：在这个案例中，就是为停靠在附近的电动汽车提供电力；

【句子成分结构树状图】

[句子] Alvaro Luna, a professor of electrical engineering, said that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby.

│

├───[主语] Alvaro Luna (阿尔瓦罗·卢纳)

│   └───[专有名词] Alvaro Luna

├───[逗号] , (分隔同位语)

├───[同位语：名词短语] a professor of electrical engineering (电气工程教授)

│   ├───[限定词] a (一位)

│   ├───[核心名词] professor (教授)

│   └───[后置定语：介词短语] of electrical engineering (电气工程的)

│       ├───[介词] of

│       └───[宾语：名词短语] electrical engineering (电气工程)

│           ├───[形容词] electrical (电气的)

│           └───[核心名词] engineering (工程学)

├───[逗号] , (分隔同位语)

├───[谓语：及物动词] said (说)

└───[宾语从句：that引导的名词性从句] that the system is innovative in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby.

    ├───[从属连词] that (引导宾语从句，无实义)

    ├───[宾语从句的主语] the system (该系统)

    │   ├───[限定词] the

    │   └───[核心名词] system

    ├───[宾语从句的谓语：系动词] is (是)

    ├───[宾语从句的表语] innovative (创新的)

    └───[程度状语从句：in so far as引导] in so far as it allows for recycled energy to be redirected to specific local uses — in this case powering electric cars parked nearby.

        ├───[从属连词] in so far as (在……范围内/就……而言)

        ├───[状语从句的主语] it (它，指代the system)

        ├───[状语从句的谓语：动词短语] allows for (允许/使得)

        ├───[状语从句的宾语] recycled energy (回收的能量)

        │   ├───[过去分词作形容词] recycled (回收的)

        │   └───[核心名词] energy (能量)

        ├───[宾语补足语：不定式短语] to be redirected to specific local uses (被重新导向特定的本地用途)

        │   ├───[不定式标志] to

        │   ├───[被动不定式] be redirected (被重新导向)

        │   │   ├───[助动词] be (构成被动)

        │   │   └───[过去分词] redirected (被重新导向)

        │   └───[方向状语：介词短语] to specific local uses (到特定的本地用途)

        │       ├───[介词] to

        │       └───[宾语：名词短语] specific local uses (特定的本地用途)

        │           ├───[形容词] specific (特定的)

        │           ├───[形容词] local (本地的)

        │           └───[核心名词] uses (用途)

        ├───[破折号] — (引出具体举例)

        └───[补充说明：动名词短语] in this case powering electric cars parked nearby (在本例中，即为停放在附近的电动汽车充电)

            ├───[状语：介词短语] in this case (在本例中/在这种情况下)

            │   ├───[介词] in

            │   └───[宾语] this case (这个情况/例子)

            │       ├───[限定词] this

            │       └───[核心名词] case

            ├───[动名词] powering (为……供电)

            └───[宾语] electric cars parked nearby (停放在附近的电动汽车)

                ├───[核心名词] electric cars (电动汽车)

                │   ├───[形容词] electric (电动的)

                │   └───[核心名词] cars (汽车)

                └───[后置定语：过去分词短语] parked nearby (停放在附近的)

                    ├───[过去分词] parked (停放的)

                    └───[地点状语：副词] nearby (在附近)

【句意】电气工程教授Alvaro Luna表示，该系统具有创新性，因为它能将回收的能量重新引导至特定的本地用途——在这个案例中，就是为停靠在附近的电动汽车提供电力；