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2026病理技术中级习题6|快速区分胶质细胞神经胶质细胞分型是病理技术中级组织学部分的必考题，选项干扰性极强，很多考生容易混淆各类细胞功能。本篇把吞噬功能这一核心考点拆解清楚，考场一眼选出正确答案。一、经典考题
二、原理分层解析
小胶质细胞来源于血液单核细胞，属于中枢神经系统里的巨噬细胞。脑组织发生损伤、炎症时，它可以伸出突起、自由游走，吞噬细胞坏死碎片、异物与病原体，是唯一拥有吞噬能力的神经胶质细胞。- 星形胶质细胞：构成支架、维持血脑屏障，损伤后形成胶质瘢痕；
- 施万细胞：在外周神经形成髓鞘，只起到绝缘包裹作用。
三、考场速记区分表（原创自制）
四、备考小提醒
题干出现变形运动、游走、吞噬、清除坏死组织，直接锁定小胶质细胞；其余胶质细胞只负责支撑、包裹、形成髓鞘，一律不具备吞噬作用。持续更新高频考题解析，整理病理技术中级易混知识点，助力顺利上岸！
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