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练习 15 阅读理解＋应用文写作
授课提示：对应学生用书35页
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
2024·新课标Ⅰ卷，D 说明文 354词 ★★★☆☆
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and
citizen scientists have collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often
in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts
in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of
record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species
with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and
assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These
observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and
since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to
global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable？”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and
his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有
偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant
instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observationonly records did not lead to better
global coverage. Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and
species. This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile
devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby. These
data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eyecatching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot，” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform
users of oversampled areas and lead them to places—and even species—that are not wellsampled.
To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have
an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会——科学研究——生物样本数据的可用性
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了一个有关生物样本数据的研究。文章探究了生物样本
数据的可用性，指出了实证研究发现的问题并提出了提高数据质量的措施。
1．What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A．They are becoming outdated.B．They are mostly in electronic form.
C．They are limited in number.
D．They are used for public exhibition.
答案与解析：B 理解具体信息。根据第一段的“Today, most records of biodiversity
are...videos, and other digital records.”可知，现在，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视
频和其他的数字记录形式存在。故选 B 项。选项中的“electronic form”是对原文中的
“videos，and other digital records”的同义转换。
2．What does Daru's study focus on?
A．Threatened species. B．Physical specimens.
C．Observational data. D．Mobile applications.
答案与解析：C 理解具体信息。根据第二段的“and since we are increasingly using
observational data...Are they usable？”可知，Daru及其团队使用观察数据来研究物种是如何
对全球变化作出回应的，他想知道这些观察数据是否可用。再根据第三段的内容可知，
Daru及其团队使用一个全球数据集，测试这些数据在多大程度上展示了实际的全球生物多
样性模式。由此可知，Daru的研究关注观察数据。故选 C项。A项“濒危物种”；B项
“实物标本”；C项“观察数据”；D项“手机应用程序”。
3．What has led to the biases according to the study?
A.Mistakes in data analysis.
B．Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C．Improper way of sampling.
D．Unreliable data collection devices.
答案与解析：C 推断。根据第四段的“We were particularly interested...instead of the
grass right next to it”可知，研究人员对探索可能导致数据偏差的采样的方方面面特别感兴趣，
比如公民科学家很有可能只拍开花植物而不拍它旁边的青草。由此可知，采样方式的不当
会导致数据偏差，故选C项。A项“数据分析中的错误”；B项“上传的图片质量差”；
D项“数据收集设备不可靠”。
4．What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A．Review data from certain areas.
B．Hire experts to check the records.
C．Confirm the identity of the users.
D．Give guidance to citizen scientists.
答案与解析：D 理解具体信息。根据第七段的“Biodiversity apps can use...to have an
expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image”可知，生物多样性应用程序可以使用
Daru他们的研究结果来让用户知道哪些地区是采样过量的地区，并且引导他们去对采样不
是很好的地方或者物种进行采样。为了改善观察数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序也鼓励
用户让专家确认他们上传的图片。结合第五段的“the people who get...citizen scientists”可知，
这里的用户指代的是公民科学家。故选D项。A项“检查特定区域的数据”；B项“雇用
专家去检查记录”；C项“确认用户身份”；D项“给公民科学家一些指导”。
B
2023·全国甲卷 说明文 285词 ★★☆☆☆
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was
full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It
spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy (哲学).That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy
faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you
— and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers
reawakened my love for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and
experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each
philosopher's work in the context (背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a
read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and
have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book
about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our
experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of
the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by
decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity
and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is
clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to
take his offer. It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇说明文。作者在13岁时开始喜欢哲学，随后Weiner的书The
Socrates Express唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。文章通过介绍了The Socrates Express这本书，
倡导读者花时间去读这本书。
5．Who opened the door to philosophy for the author?
A.Foucault. B．Eric Weiner.
C．Jostein Gaarder. D．A college teacher.
答案与解析：C 细节理解题。根据第一段“I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a
copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World. It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the
summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of
philosophy(哲学).(我13岁的时候，一个叔叔给了我一本Jostein Gaarder的《 Sophie的世
界》。书里面的观点对我来说都很新奇，所以我整个夏天都在钻研那本书。它对我说话，
把我带入一个哲学的世界。)”可知，Jostein Gaarder为作者打开了通往哲学的大门。故选
C。
6．Why does the author list great philosophers in Paragraph 4?
A．To compare Weiner with them.
B．To give examples of great works.
C．To praise their writing skills.
D．To help readers understand Weiner's book.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Weiner starts each chapter with a scene
on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景) of one
thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like
Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. (Weiner
在每一章的开头都描述了一个城市之间火车旅行的场景，然后将每一位哲学家的著作框定
在一个他们能够帮助我们做得更好的事情上。最终的结果是，我们学会了像苏格拉底一样
思考，像梭罗一样看，像叔本华一样听，像尼采一样没有遗憾。)”可知，作者在第四段开头描写了Weiner书的内容，接着作者通过列举了几位伟大的哲学家来描写读完这本书后我
们能从中学到的东西，由此可推知，作者列举了几位伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解
Weiner的书。故选D。
7．What does the author like about The Socrates Express?
A．Its views on history are wellpresented.
B．Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C．It includes comments from readers.
D．It leaves an open ending.
答案与解析：B 细节理解题。根据第四段中“This, more than a book about
understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.(这不仅仅
是一本关于理解哲学的书，更是一本关于学习运用哲学来改善生活的书。)”可知，作者喜
欢The Socrates Express这本书，是因为它的思想可以应用到日常生活中。故选B。
8．What does the author think of Weiner's book?
A．Objective and plain.
B．Daring and ambitious.
C．Serious and hard to follow.
D．Humorous and straightforward.
答案与解析：D 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosophical thought an
appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of
humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这
件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiner的书很幽默，根据最后一段中“The Socrates
Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls
them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣而尖
锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层
思考中。)”可知，Weiner的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiner的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选
D。
Ⅱ.应用文写作
[2024·新课标Ⅰ卷]假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国
朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：
1．你完成的作品；
2．你的感想。
注意：1.写作词数应为80个左右；
2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。
Dear Chris，
I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
写作思路：One possible version：
Dear Chris，
I'm writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday. ①I painted
the scenery of the park, where the willow branches were dancing in the breeze ( 微风 ) and
several ducks were swimming in the river peacefully and happily (定语从句). The vibrant (鲜
艳的) colors of the flowers, the sunlight reflecting off the water (现在分词短语作后置定语) and
the tranquil (宁静的) atmosphere all added color to (给……增色) the painting.
It was such an extraordinary and memorable experience that I would always keep it in my
memory. It not only provided me with an opportunity to connect my artistic creation with nature,
but also enhanced (提高) my willingess to take inspiration from (从……中汲取灵感) nature
in the future.
Yours，
Li Hua
一句多译：①其他表达方式：I chose to paint the scenery of the park featuring dancing
willow branches in the breeze and several swimming ducks in the river.
