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如何科学有效地突破英语专业考试大纲规定的8000词大关，是很多专四考生
迫切想要解决的问题。《英语专四词汇》应运而生，特色如下：
1. 科学收词，高效助考
英语专业教学大纲规定基础阶段的词汇量为8000个。除中学词汇书外，本书精
选了专四考试中约3000个重点单词及其派生词，约2000个认知词汇。旨在帮助考
生在紧张有限的备考时间里，有针对性地记住难同、生词和ffi点词。考生在学完本书
之后，词汇量有望突破8000词大关。
2. 乱序串记单词，有规律更好记
记单词好比摘葡萄，一串串记明显要比一个个记更规律好记。本书通过科学分
析和总结，将不同字母开头的单词按同根、近义、反义等关系归类串联起来，考生在
学习的时候，不仅可学到某一单词的相关释义及用法，同时可将该间的近义词反义
词等一网打尽，达到极佳的学习效果。
例如：
allergy /'sel9d3i/
n•(因食物等引起的 > 过敏症/ /wive cm aWer仰 to peniciWiw. 我对青霉素
有过敏反应。
infect /in.fekt/
【助记】in+fect(make)—►向内部扩散一►影响；感染
v/•① to give sb. a disease 传染 In Indian more than 5.7 rnillion
people are ir\fected with A ID S.在印度，有570多万\ 感染了艾滋病
disinfect /.disin'fekt/
【助记】dis(away)+infect(感染)一► 去除感染一*•消毒
vt.杀菌(消毒）The wound needs to be disinfected.伤口需要消毒
3•分频记忆，优选记住重点单词
本书通过科学编排，将单词按考査频率、难易程度及重要性分为几个程度不同
的部分，分别是高频词汇、常考词汇、次常考词汇和认知词汇，单词的轻重缓急一目
了然。考生优先记住最重要的单词，避免平均用力，可迅速提高学习效率，随时都能
参加考试。4. 英文释义，准确理解词义，辨别易混词
由于英语和汉语的差异，英语词汇与其汉语释义的内涵和外延往往不是完全对
等的，这就造成很多时候需要结合英文释义才能更准确地理解词义，辨别易混词。有
鉴于此，本书的重点单词不仅配有记忆方法、例句、用法、词源、辨析等详细内容外，
还配有来自权威词典的英文释义。
例如：
Confine /ken'fain/
【助记】con(共同）+fme(边界)— 共同的边界一♦ •界限
vt ®to keep sb. or sth. within the limits of a particular activity or subject
限制 Please confine your remarks to the subject under discussion.
请将你的发言限制于我们所讨论的主题上，
restrict /nstrikt/
【助记】re (again)+strict (严格的)一►一再严格“限制”
vt. to limit or control the size, amount, or range of sth.; to limit sb.’s
actions or movements 限制，约束 Speed 代对ricted to 30 in
toims. 市内车速每小时不得超过3 0 英里。// ifauin分sma/Z diiWmi
fends to 2/owr/reedom. 有了小孩往往会限制你的自由。
5. —课一练，加深记忆效果
德国心理学家艾宾浩斯通过研究发现，遗忘在学习之后立即开始，而且最初的
遗忘速度很快，以后逐渐减慢。本书为重点单词配置了精心挑选的典型考题，帮助考
生随学随练，加深记忆，巩固学习效果。
编者Part I 专四高频词汇 j
Lesson 1 ......................................................... 1
Lesson 2 ........................................................ 14
Lesson 3 ....................................................... 28
Lesson 4 ....................................................... 42
Lesson 5 ....................................................... 57
Lesson 6 ....................................................... 72
Lesson 7 ........................................................ 87
Lesson 8 ...................................................... 102
Lesson 9 ....................................................... 118
Lesson 10 ..................................................... 133
Part n 专四常考词汇
Lesson 11 ...................................................... 147
Lesson 12 ...................................................... 162
Lesson 13 ..................................................... 178
Lesson 14 ...................................................... 193
Lesson 15 ..................................................... 208
Lesson 16 ..................................................... 224
Lesson 17 ............................................ 238
Lesson 18 ..................................................... 252
Lesson 19 ..................................................... 265
Lesson 20 ..................................................... 278
Part m 专四次常考词汇J
Lesson 21 ..................................................... 292
Lesson 22 ..................................................... 306
Lesson 23 ..................................................... 319Lesson 24 333
Lesson 25 ...................................................... 347
Lesson 26 ...................................................... 361
Part I V 专四认知词汇
Lesson 27 ...................................................... 374
Lesson 28 ...................................................... 377
Lesson 29 ...................................................... 380
Lesson 30 ...................................................... 383
Lesson 31 ...................................................... 386
Lesson 32 ...................................................... 389
Lesson 33 ...................................................... 392
Lesson 34 ...................................................... 395
Lesson 35 ....................................................... 398
Lesson 36 ...................................................... 401
附录 _____;
附录1: 常见词根词缀表...........................................404
附录2: 实用英语热词.............................................406
单词自测表与索引................................................409高频词汇
■ m m | i
单词预习+返记
□accomplish □confine □release □restore □admirable □overall
□frustrate □restrict □discharge □refresh □fee □delegate
□disrupt □expand □dismiss □renovate □tuition □nominate
□discourage □expansion □expel □recovery □afford □feast
□entail □stretch □qualify □regain □payment □query
□bewilder □finance □qualification □revive □essential □inquest
□assure □bonus □licenseAence □attain □continual □sue
□timid □enlarge □favo ⑼ rable □achievement □continuous □clarify
□confidence □budget □disperse □breakthrough □suspend □military
□confidential □disclose □dispel □historical □suspense □smuggle
□resist □expose □objection □historic □halt □combat
□resistant □uncover □objective □approach □cease □custody
□restrain □abandon □subjective □acquire □repel □arrest
□refrain □quit □renew □acquisition □prohibit □given
□setback □resign □relieve □decent □avoid □review
□limitation □surrender □rehearsal □respectable □owing □category
accomplish /a'kAmpiij/ v/. to cause sth. to be unable to continue in
v/. to succeed in doing sth• 完成，实现（计划、诺 the normal way 使中断，扰乱 7 7 w ? s t o r m
言等）火代 c o w f e e a perscm has disrupted telephone service. 暴风雨使电
will never accomplish anything?你甘心做一 话中断了。
个永远一事无成的人吗？
discourage /diskA「id
3
/
【派生】accomplished a.实现的；有造诣的// ac
【助记】dis(away) +courage(勇气）— 失去勇气一► 使
complishment w. 实现； 成就； 造诣
泄气
vt. ®to make sb. less determined or hopeful it
泄气【反 encourage】 Don’t let one failure
2/〇w.不要因为一次失败就气按
②to try to prevent by expressing disapproval
frustrate /frAstreit/
or raising objections 阻止 /
v/•①to cause feelings of discouragement 使沮丧
MrM/rom a/on么我设法劝他不要独自去
The child is frustrated by the problems that
are hard to solve.孩子被夂难解決的问题异得 【归类卡片】表示“禁止，阻止”多用〜…from
很沮丧c doing sth.的结构，常见动词有：
②to prevent sb.’s plans, efforts, or attempts discourage hinder inhibit
from succeeding 挫 败 ⑽ 执er preclude prevent prohibit
frustrated our hopes of going out. 恶劣的天
entail /in'teil/
气使我们外出的愿望无法实现。
【助记】en(into)+tail(切割)— 使负责切割一► 使承担
【派生】frustration /!•挫折
vt. to involve sth. as a necessary part or result
disrupt /disrApt/ 使承担， W 要 The construction of the Three
【助记】dis(apart)+rupt(断裂）—♦使中断 Gorges Project entails large migration. 三峡工程建设需要大规模移民 confidential /.konfi'denjal/
a. ① 秘 密 的 to 印 执 私 in/orma-
bewilder /bi'wiida/
“on 记住对这个情报要保密。
v/. to confuse sb. 使迷
② 表示信任的 DonY become 如〇
惑 Some unclear and
对陌生人不能太信任。
confusing road signs
③ 担 任 机密工作的a secretory
bewildered drivers.
机要秘书
一些含糊不清的路标
使司机一头雾水。 resist /nzist/
【助记】re(against)+sist(站)— 站在对立面―抵抗
assure /a'jua/
v. (Dto oppose; fight against (sth.)抵抗 7?i巧/ are
【助记】as(to)+sure(肯定的)一►一再肯定一► 使确信
determined to resist invasion.他们決定机坑
v/•① to tell (sb.) positively or confidently 使确信
入侵。
The dentisVs confident manner assured me
②to remain unchanged or unharmed by 抗
that I was in sqfe hands.牙&自信的态敗使
(病等） This coating is designed to resist
我确信我正由可靠的医生诊治。
rust and the weather•淹上达一层，A 为了 枋错，
②确保【同ensure】Afo汍仏分can assure pm/i- 让它经得起风吹雨打。
/laziness.没有什么东西能确保永久的 ®to prevent yourself from doing sth. that you
幸福。 v/ar\t to do 忍住 Jill couldn’t resist making
【用法】assure表示“使确信”时，常用于〜sb. that.../ jokes about his baldness.吉尔忍不住拿他的
sb. b e 〜d that…或 〜sb. of sth.;表示“确保”时 先顶开玩笑。
与ensure同义。 【用法】resist表示“抵抗”，后只能接名词或动名词作
【派生】assuredly 似/.确定地 // self-assured at•自 宾语，但不能接不定式。
信的// assurance W.信心；保证；保险 【派生】resistance /I•抵抗；阻力；敌对// resistor
/!•电阻器// irresistible a.不可抗拒的
timid /timid/
【助记】tim(害怕）+id— 羞怯的 resistant /nzistent/
a. easily frightened; shy 胆小的；羞怯的 K m are •(〜to) 抵抗的，耐…的 / pr^ e rp to n te 加之
every inch as timid as a m ouse.你真是十 are resistant to bad climate.我比校各欢那
l 也但•]、如 U / He was timid about saying 些能抵抗恶劣气候的植物。
认私. 此事他羞于启齿。
restrain /nstrein/
【派生】timidity n• 羞怯，胆怯
【助记】re(back)+strain(拉紧)— 拉回来一► 抑制
confidence /konfidans/ vt. ®to prevent sb. from doing sth. or acting in
【助记】con+fid(相信)+ence— 信心 a certain way 阻止 77祕 poZice d访?cu%
/i. ① trust or faith in a person or thing 信任 in restraining the crowd from rushing on
She took him into hei' confidence and told 如 如 pi纪ft. 警方难以阻止人群涌入球场。
执e frw仇她把他当作知心朋友，把真相全 ② to hold back or keep in contro丨抑制 J
告诉了他。 can’t restrain my anger when I hear of people
② a feeling or belief that you can do sth. crwW to animate. 当听到有人残齡地对
well 信心 Most Chinese students lack self- 待动物的时候，我就抑制不住愤怒。
confidence when speaking English. 欠 多牧中 【派生】restraint /!•抑制；约束措施
国学生在说英语时缺乏自信心。
refrain /ri'frein/
【短语]in confidence 私下地" take…into one’s con
vi’. to keep oneself from doing sth.(〜加w)抑制，
fidence 把…作 为知己 // have confidence in
戒除 They appealed to the protesters to
信任
re/rain介 〇 饥 他 们 呼 吁 抗 议 者 们 不 要
【派生】confident a• 确信的；有信心的// self-con-
采取暴力行动。
fidence n .自信
/!•(诗歌的）叠句
• 2 •setback /setbaek/ expand /ikspaend/
【助记】由set back(使退步）构成的名词 【助记】ex(out)+pand(伸展)一►(向外）扩张
n .挫折，倒退 The team suffered a majo?， setback v. ① to become larger in size, number, or
when their best player was injured.最优秀 amount 扩张 77w? Atofcia company/ imnte to
的队员受了伤，使得这支队伍的实力大打折扣。 eapand ite mar/cd iw Asia. 诺基亚公司想扩
大其在亚洲的市场。
limitation /.limi'teijan/
② 膨 胀 elands as “ /r從 水 结 冰
【助记】limit(限度）+ation—►局限
时体积会膨胀。
rt (J)限制 17ie government has imposed limita-
【派生】expanse /i.广阔的区域
尤/ow cm ir/iporte.政府已经对进口加以了限制」
②[常〆.]a shortcoming or defect 局限价 & expansion /ik'spaenjan/
a brilliant, professor but has his limitations n .①矿展： We had made huge profits due to
os an 他是一位出色的教授，但 the expansion of business.由于业务扩展，A
作为管理者他有不足之处 们获得了巨额利润D
【派生】limited a• 有限的// unlimited a•无限的 ②膨胀//ea/ causes the expansion of gases.
热使气体膨胀。
confine /kan'fain/
【助记】con(共同）+fme(边界)— 共同的边界—界限 stretch /stretj/
vt ®to keep sb. or sth. within the limits of a v.① 伸展，延伸 / sO柯 to rdar q/ier 欲
particular activity or subject 限制 Heose a/w« da?/.工作了 一整天，我伸了个椭腰放松
confine your remarks to the subject under 一 T : // The desert stretches for hundreds
discission.请将你的发言限制于我们所讨论的 〇/ mites.沙漠绵延数百英里。
主题上。 ② 拉长，拉紧 The rope is stretched tight.洗
② to restrict in movement 使不外出 Kom 子拉得很紧。
should be confined to the house if you ③ 使倾注全力 She stretched herself to pro-
haven’t finished the homework!不做完功课不 她场尽全力养家糊口。
准出门！ w. — 段时间；伸展，延伸a s⑽ o/Km^ —段时
/?• [^/.]界限，范围 prices risi咏i分 间 // a beautiful stretch of countryside — 片
执i w 〇/ C7iiwa. 中国境内有很 乡村美景
多地方值得游览。 【短语】at a stretch不停地,连续地57祕ftad欲)rtod
for six hows at a stretch.地已经连续工作
restrict /n'stnkt/
了 6 个小时。
【助记】re(again)+strict(严格的)— 一再严格“限制”
【派生】stretcher /!•担架
vt to limit or control the size, amount, or range
of sth.; to limit sb.’s actions or movements finance /fainaens/
限制，约束办從d is re对ricted to 30 mpfo in /i.①财政c m 幻少抓in/incmce财政专家
. 市内车速每小时不得超过30英里。// ②[常 p/.】资 金 ■Finances can corwi^ 〇/ a
Having small children tends to restrict combination of stocks，bonds, and properties.
2/owr/r從dom.有了小孩往往会限制你的自由。 资金可以是股票、债券和财产的结合。
【派生】restrictive «• 限制的；（语法）限定性的 vt. to provide money, especially a lot, to pay
for sth.为…提供资金 77祕se concerts are
专四真题
financed by the Arts Council.这些音乐会是
For the less fortunate, house rules may
由艺术委员会资助的。
restrict the freedom to invite friends to
【派生】financial a.财政的// financier ；!•金融家
visit
译文：对那些不太幸运的人来说，房东制定的规 bonus /beunes/
则限制你遨请朋友来访的自由。 n. ①奖金 To some degree bonus is an effective
• 3 •way to motivate the wo?，kers.队臬种程/t 上 暴露在阳光下。
来说，奖金是调动工作积极性的一种有效方法 ② to make it possible for sb. to experience
②额外给予的东西77ie win on the pools was new ideas, ways of life etc.(〜to)使处于…作
a rea/ 赌博赢钱真是意外收获 用之下 His books exposed people to new
ictecw. 他的书使人们接触了新思潮
enlarge /inia：d3/
③ to reveal the crimes or faults 揭露 The
【助记】en(使）+large(大的）— 扩大；放大
reporter was killed because he tried to
v• ① 扩 大 ，扩充 Reading more can help to
arpose a 这名记者因为试图揭露一个阴
entar分 one’s 多阅读有助于扩大
谋而被杀害。
词汇量 The balloon enlarged as we
【派生】exposure w.暴 揭 发 ；曝光
jumped air into汉随着我们往里充气，气球
渐渐变大^ uncover Mn'kAva/
②放大 I planned to enlarge this photograpk. 【助记】un(not)+cover(掩盖)一*•不掩盖—揭露
我计划放大这张照片。 vt. ®to find out about sth. that has been kept
【派生】enlargement w• 扩大，扩建部分 secret 揭露 Customs ojficicds uncovered a
plot to smuggle weapons into the country.
budget /'bAd3it/
海关官员发现了一个往国内走私武器的阴谋
n .预M A shrewd housewife should be good at
②揭开…的盖子C / n c w e r ⑽
planning the family budget.精明的主妇 A 塊
heat the milk in the microwave oven. 用微
长计划家庭预算。
波炉加热牛奶时要把瓶盖打开
v. to make plans for the careful use of (money,
time, etc.)做安排 We couldn't budget for abandon /e'baendan/
⑼ 沒 ⑼ G/.我们不可能为每个紧急事件 w•① to leave sb” esp. sb. you are responsible for
i故好安播 // She’s learned how to budget 她弃 The heartless man abandoned his dis-
her time cctrefully.地已经学会了怎样精心安 a6/ed w;价.那个没良心的男人抛弃了残疾的妻
排自己的时间。 子。
仏低廉的a 低价航班 ②to stop doing sth. because there are too
many problems and it is impossible to
专四真题
continue 放弃 The^/ abandoned the attempt to
The more I read and discussed these
search for the child when the night came.
practices, the more I realized this would
天色已晚，他们放弃了寻找孩子的企图
help not only our budget but also our
【短语】abandon oneself to 沉溺 F 77叫/ ada/wtow
health.
themselves to drinking.他们沉湎干饮酒
译文：对这些了解、探讨得越多，我就越意识到
这不但能够解决家庭开支，还有益健康- quit /kwit/
v•①to stop doing (an action or activity)停止，放
disclose /dis'klauz/ 弃 It’s not easy to quit smoking and
【助记】dis(not)+close(关闭)一>不关闭—透露 戒烟戒酒并非易事
v/. to make sth. publicly known 透露 A/osi ②to leave (a job, school, career, etc.)离开
stars are not willing to disclose their true age. [厉i resign] He quit his job due to his health
大多教电影明星不愿透露其真实年龄。 proWem.由于健康问题 他辞去了工作 ///’m
， ,
【派生】disclosure 揭发，透露 tired of being treated like this. I quit. A 敗
倦了别人这样对待我，我不干了
expose /ikspsuz/
【助记】ex( out)+pose (放H )—►摆放出来—暴露 resign /nzam/
vt ① to show sth. that is usually covered or 【助记】re(back)+sign(签署)— 不f?签到—辞职
hidden B H Keep indoors and don’t expose v. ®to give up (a job or position) in a formal or
your skin to the su n .待在室內，不要把皮陕 official wayS?R, I resigned because of尤以tow; so/ar^/.因为工资大低，我辞职了 discharge /dis'tja：d3/
②to make yourself accept sth. that is bad 【助记】dis(away)+charge(装载)—释放
but cannot be changed ( J® M resign V. ① to allow sb. to leave a hospital, prison,
oneself to one’s fate 听大由命
etc. it 许…离开 The judge discharged the
【派生】resignation it• 辞职；顺从
prisoner.法官把囚犯释放了。
(Dto send out (a liquid, gas or waste materi-
surrender /sarenda/
al)排出，•流出 Soiwe in
【助记】sur(upon)+render(给予）一►交出，放弃
still discharge waste watei' into the river.
此①投降 They svrrendered to the enemy.他们
这一地区有些工厂仍把废水排入河中// 7?论
向敌人投降了。
② （， ）屈服（于），听任（感情、习惯等）摆布 rivei' discharges into the sea.那条河注入大海
swrremter to 屈服于诱惑 ③ 卸（货）77祕 aircrq/i discftar供d ite pass-
n .投降，放弃 No surrender to the fascists!決不 e^ers.飞机却下乘客。
向法西斯分子投降！ ④ 放电 Lightning is caused by clouds disch-
似没如分eZ仪 闪 电 是 由 云 层 放 电 造 成 的
release /n'ii：s/
/I.①允许…离开 nmfa
【助记】re+lease(放松)—放开
from hospital will be monitored.出沉后病尺
vt. ®to let sb. go free; to let a substance flow
的需求将得到监控。
out 释放 release the hostages 释故 乂质 //
② 排出 〇/ toric ims仏 in如
Plastic releases poisonous chemicals when
sea有毒废物向海里排放
塑料燃烧时释放出有毒物质
③ 卸（货）；放电
② to free (sb.) from a duty, responsibility,
etc.解除，解 雇 77说 c/wfc is releasing some dismiss /dis'mis/
〇/ ite oWer piayers.俱乐部正在解聘一些老队员 【助记】dis(away)+miss(送)一►送走一►解雇；解散
③ to stop holding (sb. or sth.)放开，松 开 价 v/•① to decide not to think about or consider
to retease arm•他不肯放开她的
(sth. or sb.)不再考虑 A 分ood /ew; peopte
手臂。 dismiss the idea as sheer nonsense.不少人
④ to make (sth.) available to the public 发布， 认为这种想法是胡说八道
公布 The names of the delegates were not ②to end the employment or service of sb.
released to the press.代表们的名字没有向报
解雇 Bryant claims he was unfairly dis-
界公布。 missed/n>m W占post. 布赖恩特声称自己被无
n. ①释放 the release of the prisoners 释故囚犯
理免职。
//《如 rdmse 〇/ carbon 二氧化碳的
(3)to send (sb.) away or allow them to leave
排放
解散，遣散 The chairman dismissed the
② 解除，解脱 pave sorM
主席宣布散会
哭泣缓解了些痛苦的情绪
④ 驳回，不受理 The justice dismissed his
③ 发布 October 22nd is the date set f〇7， the
⑼idence owf 〇/ /wmd. 法官当即驳回了他的证据
reports re/ease定于10月22日发布该报告
【派生】dismissal /i.解散；解雇；不予考虑
专四真题
expel /ik.spel/
Similar advances with other crops have
【助记】ex(out)+pel(推)一►将…推出去一*•把…开除
released people from hard and boring jobs
vt. ®to officially force sb. to leave a school or
for more creative work, whilst machines
organization 把…开除 77祕
harvest crops more efficiently with less
/or s仏a/in分.那学生因偷窃被开除了
waste.
② to force or drive out 驱逐 ZJwssid to似2/
译文：对其他农作物所做的类似改进使得人们
expeUed a US diplomat from its land.恢罗
可以远离脏活累活，从而转向那些更富有创造性
斯最近驱逐了一名美国外交官
的工作，同时由机器收割庄稼可以提高效率、降
③ 排出 77紹 hm分s eapd carftcm
低损耗。
ex/wi/e.当我们呼气时，肺排出了二氧化破
• 5 •qualify /kwDiifai/ (〇 请提出你反对这个计划的理由
V•(使)胜任，（使）具有资格【反disqualify】 J/ino%
objective /9bd3ektiv/
qualified as a pilot.我终于具有了飞行赍资
n.爲标 The main objective of this policy is t.o
格 II Our fonr-iceek course will qualify
reduce unemployment.这项政策的主要目的
you to teach English overseas. A 们为期 4 周
是减少失业。
的课程将使你有资格在国外教英语
a.客观的 A jury’s decision in a court case
【短语】qualify as...具有…资格// qualify for… 胜
mwW o6jteciii;e. 陪审团裁定案件必须客观
任…
【派生】qualified a• 冇资格的，胖仟的// unqualified subjective /seb’d ektiv/
3
^不合格的
a .主M (上）的 This is a very subjective judge-
〇/ feer 说s. 这是对她能力的一个非
qualification /.kwoiifikeijan/
常主观的评价。
//•①资格，合格证书 A) cm?/ 众
分wa/i/iratto似？你有任何教学方面的文免吗？ renew /n'nju：/
②限制，限定条件/ 叫广從，
【助记】re(again) +new(新的)一►再次变新―更新
我赞成，但有所保留
付.①重新开始 77^ armwa/ dirmer is a c/iance
to renew acquaintance with old friends. 一
license/ence /'laisans/
年一度的聚餐会是与老朋友叙旧的好机会
n .执照，许可 Drivers who violate t?，affic regulat
② (使)更新 77^
ions will be fined and their licence will be
eq/ ^/ecrr. 树木每年都重新长出叶子
.SMpencted.违反交通规则的司机会被罚款并扣
③ 延长（…的）有 效 期 to renew;执e
留驾驶执照。
books if you can’t finish them on time•如
V/.给…发许可证 A doctor is Kcewsed to prance
果你不能按时读完这些书，记得要去图书馆续借。
医生行医需要获得许可。
【派生】renewal «• 更新；延期
favo(u)rable /feivarabl/
relieve /n'ii：v/
a,①称赞的 The film received favorable 7*eviews.
【助记】re(again)+Ueve(轻)一►一再减轻―使轻松
这部影片得到了好评3
v/•① to reduce sb.’s pain or unpleasant feel-
②有利的 /di;oraWe /or w;or/cin分
ings 使轻松；减轻 77紹 pcfin/citfers can on/沒
owteicte有利于室外工作的天气
relieve your pain. 土疵药？、能成较疼痳、 //
【派生】favo(u)rite a7n•特别喜爱的（人或物)
relieve st7，ess 成致压■力
disperse /di，sp3:s/ ② to make sth. less dull and boring 使得到
【助记】di(apart)*fsperse(散开）—分散 调M I went f〇7* a walk to relieve the boredom
v. to go or move in different directions; to day. — 天下来无聊得很，我去散步调剂
spread apart 分散；消散 77^ poKce wsed 仏ar 一下。
分os to disperse加 cr(m?d. 警察用催泪弹驱散 ③ to take the place of 接替 can
人群。 relieve people of dull and repetitive work.
单调重复的工作，机器人可以代劳。
dispel /dispel/
【派生】relief /I•轻松;缓解;接替
vt. to make sth.(such as a belief, or idea) go
专四真题
away 驱散，消除 //〇切 can cfepe/
我们怎么才能驱散他们的疑虑呢？ What should you do to relieve rage?
译文：你应该做什么来缓解愤怒呢？
objection /8b*d3ekjan/
【助记】ob (against) +ject(扔）+ion-♦ 反向扔_►反对 rehearsal /rih3:sai/
//.①反对/wive (no) oyedion to你如分）s仇（不） 【助记】re(again)+hear(听）+sal— 反复听自己唱歌—
反对（做）某事 排练
②反对的理由 ffeose preset 2/〇⑽• oMecKcm w• 排练，排演 O^r new; 〇/ and
• 6 •Juliet is cmrentiy in rehecrrsal 我们的新版 失难复得。
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》正在排练之中3 ②返回（某地），重 回 r印ain s/iore重回岸
【短语】dress rehearsal彩排 边
【派生】rehearse v.排演;背诵；（通过排演)训练
revive /riVaiv/
restore /nst〇：/ 【助记】re(again)+vive(活)一►再活过来— (使)复苏
【助记】re(again)+store(储存)— 一再储备能量才能 v. to make (sb*/sth.) strong, healthy, or active
恢复体能—恢复 again 使复苏，恢复 revtoed me; /
v/•① to bring back to an original or normal fearf been co/d tmd “mi. 热咖啡使又冷又累
condition 恢复；修复 / /ee/ gwite (to 的我恢复 了精力 // The roses revived aSter
health) qfter my holiday.沐假后我感觉恢 l 执6 rain.雨后玫瑰花恢复了娇艳：
"7 健氣。 // It’s hard to restore a broken 【派生】revival w• 更新，重:新开始
mirror.破铁难圆。
attain /a'tein/
②to give back (sb. or sth. that was lost or
【助记】at(to)+tain(触到)一>触摸到了一► 达到
taken) 归还 77^ stolen property must be
v/. to succeed in achieving sth. after trying for a
restored to owmer.赃•物必须物归原主。
long tim'e 达到 Ziave to mate 分
【派生】restoration /i• 归还原主；恢复；修复
妨brt5 to owr众oa/.为了达到目标，我
refresh /n'frej/ 们必须做出不懈的努力。
【助记】re(again)+fresh(有活力的)-►(使）精神振作
achievement /a'tjiivmant/
v . (使）振作精神，（使）恢复活力芯/1〇2/冰
【助记】achieve(v• 达到）的名词
should be left for sleep because that will
/!• ① sth. important that you succeed in doing
help one become refreshed. M 该留足够的时
by your own efforts 成就 a smo/Z
间睡觉，因为那有助于恢复精力。
success gives you a sense of achievement.
【派生】refreshing a• 使精神振作的// refreshment
即便是小小的成功也给人一种成就感。
n. Ipl•顏;恢复
②实现，完成，达到Swcfc a 分oai is impossiftte
renovate /'reneveit/ 〇/ 这样的一个目标是不可能完成
【助记】re(again)+nov(新的）+ate(使)一►更新 的。
vt to repair a building or old furniture so that it 【派生】underachieve v•成绩不理想
is in good condition again 修复，翻新 77^
breakthrough /breikeru：/
hotel has been renovated and redecorated.
【助记】break(打破）+through(从始至终）—打破从
这家宾馆已经翻新并重新装修了。
始至终的禁锢—突破
【派生】renovation /I.整修；更新，使恢复元气
n•突破 There was an exciting new breakthrough
recovery /n'kAven/ in the treatment of heart disease•心 病治
【助记】re(again)+cover(掩盖)+y—恢复 疗取得了令人兴奋的新突破。
n. ①恢复，疫愈 She made a quick recoveiy
historical /historikal/
fr 7n her illness.地浪快病愈
〇
a• 历史（i )的 The legend of John Henry is
② 复苏，恢复economic 经济复苏
based on a real, historical figure.约翰•亨
③ 追 回 ，寻回 77说 /ias ojQTemi cr
利的传说是基于一位真实的历史人物。
reward for the recovery of the stolen goods.
失主已经悬赏寻找被窃物品。
historic /hi'storik/
历史上著名的，具有重大历史意义的77w
regain /rigein/
nations signed a historic peace treaty.两国
【助记】re(again)+gain(获得)—取问
签订了一项具有历史意义的和平条约。
w. ①to get back sth. that you lost 取回，恢复
【派生】historian w•历史学家
A good name lost is hard to regain. 名誉一【辨析】同根词historical，historic 的。
historical:历史的，修饰的人或事都是过去的真 ②fairly good相当不错的//er⑽zm resWte
人真事 were respectable， although not brilliant. 她
historic:具有重大历史意义的，用来修饰一些重 的考试成绩不错，尽管并不优秀。
大的、有特殊历史意义的人或事
^-----------------------------------------------------^ admirable /asdmarabl/
【助记】ad(to)+mir(赞赏）+ able—► 令人赞叹的
approach /a'prautj/
fl.令人赞叹的，令人钦佩的7%
【助记】ap(to)+proach(接近)一►一再接近一► 靠近
ble in all respects.这篇文章在各方面都很值
V. to come near to sb. or sth. in distance or
得欣赏。
time 靠近 As the TEM~4 approcwhes， I become
【派生】admiration /I•赞赏，钦佩
随着英语专业四级考试的来临，我变得
紧张起来 // As they approached the wood a fee /fi：/
raw 〇/ /rees. 他们走近树林的
n .费、獵金 Nothing will dispel enthusiasm like
时候 只兔子从树林里跑了出来。
，一 a admission /從.没有什么能像小小的
/!.①靠近，临近认衫a只proodi o/ni沒以夜幕降临
会费一样令人热情顿失的了。
②途姓 t方法 You seem to have a gdod appyvach
tuition /tju'ijsn/
to //i^pro6/em•你好像有解决该问题的好办法
w. ① instruction; teaching 教学 如-
【派生】approachable •可接近的
☆ion个别讲授
acquire /a'kwaia/ ② a fee for instruction, esp. at a university,
【助记】ac(to)+quire(追求）一►不断追求才能获得一> private schoo丨学费 77紹加以ion 〇/ M 冰
获得 education in the US is much higher than
v炙①获得【同 obtain】7b acgwire 似ccess, 认加in 美国高校的学费比中国要高许多。
you muM work hard.要获得成功，必须努力。
afford /a'foid/
@ 学至分 He spent years acquiring his skills
以有足够的时间（金钱）去（做某事）77紹/irmcouW
os a, 凡他花了几年时间学到了外科技术。
not afford to pay such large salaries.公司
【用法】表 达 “学到、获得知识”要用acquire/gain
无法支付如此巨额的工资。
knowledge 而不应说成 learn knowledge
， 。
【用法】该词的前面通常要用can或be able to。
acquisition /.aekwizij an/ 【派生】affordable a• 买得起的；担得起…风险的
【助记】acquire(v• 获得）的名词
payment /peimant/
/?.①取得，获得，习 得 cm分如to
【助记】pay(支付)+ment—► 支付的款项
their time to the acquisition of knowledge.
/i.①支付的款项77沾payweMf 〇/ firoccte is
学生们应该把时间都花在求知上。
payable in installments.货款可以分期支付。
②获得物 This painting is my latest acquisi-
②支付 Payment may be made by credit
以ow. 这幅画是我最近得到的
card.付款可用信用卡。
decent /diissnt/ 【派生】payable a•应付的
a. ①体面的 殳radwate; corwid-
essential /isenj ai/
er white-collared positions as decent jobs.
仏 （Dextremely important and necessary 必不可
绝大多数大学毕业生都认为白领是体面的工作。
少的【同 indispensable】尸(〇〇味 众，
② 宽厚的a ctecenf oW mcm —位宽厚的老人
and transportation are essential to life• 衣、
③ 得体的rfecmf如叫从即沒and 6e/iai^or得
食、住、行是生活中必不可少的。
体的谈吐和行为
(IVery basic 本质的 WTm, is 從從n/ia/ c/i/-
respectable /ri’spektabi/ J'erence between the market economy and the
仏①可敬的，高尚的，体 面 的 It’s not respectable to planned economy? 市场经济和计划经济的卷质
be drunk 〇7i the street.在大街上醉倒是不体面 区别是什么？
• 8 •w•①[常〆】要素，要 点 從 5抓价/5 o/^rmTmnar halt /h〇：it/
语法要点 【助记】暂停(halt)盐(salt)的销售
②必霖 & I only had time to pack the bare /j. 停住，暂停briw分to a 使停止夕77犯car
我只来得及打包最基本的用品 came to a halt just in time to prevent an
【用法】it is/was essential that… 后接的从句用虚 汽车及时停下，避免了一场车祸
拟语气。 v. to stop moving (使）停住 TVo owe caw M /，"祕
arfmwce 〇/ /^/〇以. 谁也阻挡不了历史的前
continual /kan'tinjual/
进 // The parade halted by a busy comer.
【助记】con (with)+tin (保持)+ual—>—•直保持着的一►
游行队伍在一个热闹的拐角处停下了。
不停的
【派生】halting fl•踌躇的，欲言又止的
a .①不间断的con/irma/ 分不停的
雨/频繁的闪电 cease /si：s/
②频频的 2/cmw^f cowpte /wive v. to stop doing sth. or stop happening The
continued arguments with each other for factory ceased production for lade of
近来这对年轻夫妇为了一些小事接连不 capita/.工厂由于缺乏资金而停产了
断地发生争吵。 7'ained all day without ceasing.雨不停也T
了一整天。
Continuous /kan'tinjuas/
/i.停止切以/ioW cease持续地，不停地
a.连续不断的 77^ 6 m m nmte a omhm/ozts 【派生】ceaseless a• 不停的，不断的
q/ 大脑需要不断地供血
repel /n'pel/
【派生】continuity n• 连续（性〉
一 --二一 - - - 【助记】re(back)+pel(驱使）一►驱使…返回—击退
【一言辨异】continuous, continual
w•①to drive away (as if) by force 逐退，驱逐
I’ve been working for 14 continuous hours
repe/ cm aWacfc击退进攻
and got so tired, but still there are
②to cause sb. to feel disgust 使厌恶，使反感
⑺ 我 连 续 工 作 14小时，
Her heavy make-up and cheap scent repelled
已经感到很疲惫了，但仍不断有人来打扰我。
"im.她的农妆和廉价香水味使他感到厌恶。
注意:continuous指某事连续发生，中间无间歇；
continual指有间歇性的连续，常指恼人的连续 prohibit /prohibit/
^ — J
【助记】pro(forward)+hibit(拿住）一►提前拿下—禁
suspend /sa'spend/ 止
【助记】sus(under)+pend(悬挂)一►吊着 V/. to forbid by law or rule 禁止 77祕分
vt (Dt〇 officially stop sth. from continuing, esp. for introduced a law to prohibit tobacco
a short time 暂傳 Saies of this drug have been cm 7 Y 政府采用新法律来禁止电
suspended until more tests have been 视上播放烟草广告
这种药品在完成进一步的检验之前暂 【派生】prohibition w• 禁止；禁令
停销售 // He was suspended from playing
avoid /avoid/
football for a year after calling the referee
【助记】a(out)+void(空)— “避免”扑空
nam^s.在辱骂裁判后，他被禁赛一年
vt•避免 It is difficult to avoid an arrow in the
@悬，吊 The lamp was suspended from the
ctar/c.暗箭难防。
灯吊在天花板上。
【用法】avoid后接名同或动名词。
【派生】suspender w• 女用吊袜带// suspension w.
暂停;悬架；悬，吊 owing /quiq/
a.应付的 There’s stiU over $100 owing to the
suspense /sas'pens/
6anA：. 还欠着银行100多美元
n .悬凝，焦虑、悬念 Suspense adds interest to a
【短语】owing to由于，因为77沈 你 分 以 cteto沒ed,
故事中的悬疑情节更加引人入胜
• 9 •owing to the bad weather.抗班由于天气不好 vi•① h n )尽情地吃 The children feasted on chicken
而耽搁了。 andcoconwto.孩子们尽情地吃着鸡肉和椰子。
②参加宴会 The poor starve and the rich
Overall /.auvaroil/ a. /'auvaro:!/ n.
/ea^.穷人挨饿，富人吃喝。
【助记】 over (across)+all (所有的)一►全部的，总体的
a. ①总体的 My overall impression of Shang- query /kwian/
ftai /awraWe. 我对上海的总体印象是很 n .质问，疑问 Your interesting report raises several
好的。 gweri從.你的精彩报告引发了几个
② 全 部 的 仰 mi/Z coste 〇/ medico/ care 重要问题。
医疗保健的总花销 vt. to ask questions or express doubt about sth.
ad.总的来说 Owm//, prices are 总的来 质问，疑间 He queried whether she could sin分.
说，物价仍在上涨。 他问她是否会唱歌。
/I. [p/.]工装裤
inquest Ankwest/
delegate /deligit/ n. /'deligeit/ vt it. an official investigation to find the reason for
【助记】de(离开)+legate(派出使节)—代表 sth. (such as a person’s death)审问，审查 Aw
/i.代表a ctete仍 如 a 赴会的代表 inquest found that the deceased had died of
v/.①to choose sb. to do sth.委派…为代表八;e overdose经审查发现，死者因用药过量致死。
been delegated to organize the weekly meeting.
sue /sju：/
我受委派组织每周的会议。
W.①控告 size (7/%) /aw; 起诉
②to give control, responsibility, authority, etc.
(Dto formally ask for sth., esp. in court (-for)
to sb.授(权） The Chinese people delegate their
请求，要求 77祕 rebete to swe/or*
power to the People’s Congress.中舀 & 民授
权给人民代表大会。 peace.反叛分子被迫要求和解。// sue /or
【派生】delegation /!•代表团，委派 divorce起诉要求离婚
vr.控 告 s6. /or n頌Z切ence控告某人玩忽
nominate /.nomineit/
职守 // She decided to sue her employer for
【助记】nomin(名字）+ate(使)一►提名 她决定起诉雇主非法解雇
vt (Dto officially suggest sb. or sth. for an impor
她〇
tant position, duty, or prize The film was
nomiriatof/ors⑼mr/ Oscars. 那部影片被提 Clarify /klaenfai/
名好几项奥斯卡奖。 【助记】clari(淸楚)+fy(使•••)—阐明
©to give sb. a particular job ffi # The pii,me vt.阐明 The government has time and again
minister has nominated the former defense clarified its position on equal pay for
minister as the new foreign minister. 首相 政府已经反复阐明其对男女同工同酬
已任命前国防部长为新任外交部长。 的立场。
【派生】nomination /!• 提名，任命 【派生】clarity，i•清楚
专四真题
military Amiitan/
Her lucky moment came, strangely enough, 【助记】milit(战斗）+aiy->军事的；军队
after she was nominated in 1992 to be on a•军事的 He advocates reducing mUitary spend-
the McDonald’s bun committee. 他主张削减军费开支
译文：说也奇怪，在 1992年被任命为麦当劳面 n .[出卜]军队 My brother is in the military•我
包委员会委员后，她真的时来运转了。 兄弟在部队服役3
smuggle /.simgi/
feast /fi：st/
n.①盛宴 A great feast was held in Columbus’ 【助记】不断进行反走私(smuggle)的斗争(struggle)
torwmr.为纪念哥伦布举行了盛大的宴会,：》 vt. ®to move sth. from one country into anoth
② 节 日 immomdte /eoste固定日期节日 er illegally and secretly 走私 Smuggling is
• 10 •prohibited because it will make countries 专四真题
suffer losses in customs duties.禁 土先私，西
Every year thousands of people are
为它会减少国家不少关税。
arrested and taken to court for shop-lifting.
② to take or bring sth. secretly 偷运 Z/e
译文：每年有成千上万的人因入店行窃而被捕
managed to smuggle his notes into the exam- 并走上法處3
inarton. 他设法偷偷把笔记带进考场：
given /givan/
combat /kombset/
a.①规定的 You have to finish the work within
【助记】com(共同）+bat(打)— 互相打—战斗
《以 given fime. 你们必须在规定时间内完成这
n• 故斗、斗争 The two men were locked in mortal
项工作。
comics.那两人在进行生死决斗。
②假 设的，已 知 的 分 已 知 值
\t. to fight or struggle against; try to defeat 战 ③ 卜切）有癖好的ife & 分iven to 6〇〇5汾设.他
斗，斗争【同 fight】 772€ poMce are now; 喜欢吹牛。
computers to help combat crime. 警方现在 prep.考虑到 Given their inexperience，they’ve
用计算机来帮助打击犯罪。 done a 仰odjbb• 考虑到他们没有经验，这项工
【派生】combatant w•参加战斗者 作做得已经不错了。
custody /kAstedi/ review /nVju:/
w.①监护权，监管 Wfeen Mr died, sk 【助记】re(back)+view(看)一►再次査看一*■回顾
was placed in the custody of her aunt 她 /I. ①复查 The terms of the contract are sub-
的父母去世以后，她就交由姑妈照管： to 合同的条款有待复查决定。
②扣 留，监禁i/e in 〇1如 〇 办 沒 fria/. ② 回顾，检讨 a reWeM； o/profess in 於c/mo-
他已被拘留候审。 io仍/回顾科技取得的进步
【短语】take sb. into custody将某人拘捕 ③ 令评等 Her latest novel got good reviews
in press.她的最新小说得到了报界的好评。
arrest /©'rest/
付•① to consider and judge carefully 仔细审度
【助记】ar(to)+rest(休息)— 强制休息一► 逮捕 Government spending has been reviewed to
付•①逮捕 He was arrested firr shooting on try and reduce the budget deficit.对政府升
他因在校园开枪伤人而被逮捕。 支进行了审核，以争取减少预算赤字。
©to stop the progress or movement of (sth.) ② to report on or judge the quality of a
阻止 77^/ /aited to arrest the company's book, show, etc.写评论 受
ctecZine.他们未能阻止公司的衰落。 到好评
③ to attract and hold the attention of sb./sth.
category /kaetigari/
吸引 An unusual painting arrested his at-
【助记】cat(down)+eg〇ry(集合)一►集合在一起—种类
加 “on. — 幅异乎寻常的画引起了他的注意。
n .种类，类 Books are placed in categories in
/I.逮捕ptoce加^ s6. wnckr arre对逮捕某人
libi'aries and bookstores,
是分门别类摆放的。
【派生】categorize v• 将…分（归）类
• 11 •典型考题精练
1. The teamJs efforts to score were by the opposing goalkeeper.
A. frustrated B. prevented C. discouraged D. accomplished
2. This project would a huge increase in defense spending.
A. result B. assure C. entail D. accomplish
3. The teacher expects his students to pass the university entrance examination.
A. confidentially B. proudly C. assuredly D. confidently
4. Please from smoking until the aeroplane is airborne.
A. refrain B. prevent C. resist D. restrain
5. The police had difficulty in the fans from rushing on to the stage to take photos with the
singer.
A. limiting B. restraining C. confining D. restricting
6. We stood still, gazing out over the limitless of the desert.
A. space B. expanse C. stretch D. land
7. The president explained that the purpose of taxation was to government spending.
A. finance B. expand C. enlarge D. budget
8. It was suggested that all government ministers should _____ information on their financial
interests.
A. discover B. uncover C. tell D. disclose
9. The scheme was ______ when it was discovered it would be very costly.
A. resigned B. surrendered C. released D. abandoned
1G. Mary hopes to be ______ from hospital next week.
A. dismissed B. discharged C. expelled D. resigned
11. Failure to follow the club rules ______ him from the volleyball team.
A. disfavoured B. dispelled C. disqualified D. dismissed
12. During the TV interview, the singer announced that he was going to ______ his new album soon.
A. release B. renew C. relieve D. rehearse
13. A great amount of work has gone into ______ the Cathedral to its previous splendour.
A. refreshing B. restoring C. renovating D. renewing
14. Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but slightly in the
afternoon.
A. regained B. recovered C. restored D. revived
15. After working for the firm for ten years, he finally ______ the rank of deputy director.
A. achieved B. approached C. attained D. acquired
16. The young employee has a(n) ______ quality一he is totally honest.
A. respectable B. admirable C. decent D. approachable
17. The tuition fees are ______ to students coming from low-income families.
A. approachable B. payable C. reachable D. affordable
18. Bus services between Town Centre and Newton Housing Estate will be ______ until the
motorway is repaired.
A. discontinued B. suspended C. halted D. ceased
19. Come on, Jack, t€'ll me the story. Don't keep me in ______.
A. suspense B. suspending C. suspension D. suspender
20. The local police are authorized to ______ anyone’s movements as they think fit_
• 12 •A. pause B. halt C. repel D. keep
21. Picking flowers in the pai'k is absolutely
A. avoided B. prohibited C. rejected D. repelled
22. Being a pop star can be quite a hard life, witli a lot of traveling heavy schedules.
A. with regard to B. as to C. in relation to D. owing to
23. The ______ goal of the book is to help bridge the gap between research and teadiing,
particularly the gap between researchers and teachers.
A. joint B. intensive C. overall D. decisive
24. Bill Gates and Walt Disney are two people America has to be the Greatest American.
A. appointed B. appeased C. nicknamed D. nominated
25. The university has launched a research center to develop new ways of bacteria which
have become resistant to drug treatments.
A. regulating B. halting C. interrupting D. combating
答案与译文
1. [A] 该队几次试图破门得分的努力都被对方守门员挫败了
2. [C] 这个计划将使国防支出大大增加
3. [D丨这位老师自信地预计他的学生将会通过大学入学考试
4. [A]在飞机降落前请勿吸烟：
5. [B] 警察无法制止歌迷们涌向舞台与歌星合影。
6 . 丨B]我们静静地站着，凝视着眼前这浩瀚无垠的沙漠
7. [A】总统解释说，征税的目的是为政府开支提供资金
8. [D] 人们建议所有的政府部长都应公开有关其财务权益的信息
9. [D]当发现这个计划贽用太高时，就放弃了
10. [B]玛丽希望下周能出院.
11. [D]由于他没有遵守俱乐部的规则，他被排球队开除了
12. [A]在电视采访中，这个歌手宣布不久就要发行自己的新唱片
13. [B]为使大教堂恢复以往的壮观已经做了大量的工作,
14. [B1股票交易市场的股票价格在早上时暴跌，但是在下午时有些回升。
15. [C]为公司工作十年后，他终于得到了副董事长的职衔
16. [B]这个年轻的职员有一个值得赞赏的品质：他十分诚实
17. [D] 来自低收入家庭的学生能付得起学费
18. 丨B ] 市中心与牛顿市居民区之间的公交服务将暂时停用，直到高速公路修好为止
19. [A1好啦，杰克，把过程跟我说说，不要吊我的胃口
20. [B]当地警察得到授权在他们认为适当的时候，阻止任何人的活动
21. [B] 公园里严禁摘花
22. [D]当一个明星，生活是很辛苦的；由于繁重的日程安排，必须经常到处奔波
23. [C]这本书总的目标就是有助于搭起研究和教学之间的桥梁，特别是研究者和教师之间的桥梁
2 4. 【D 1 比尔•盖茨和沃尔特•迪斯尼是被美国提名为“最伟大的美国人•’的两位
25. [D] 大学建立了一个研究中心开发新方法对付已经有抗药性的细菌
• 13 •■ m m R i
单词预习+返记
□reject □comparable □consideration □bid □beneficial □consequently
□forbid □comparative □aware □propose □available □muscle
□exclude □associate □conscious □generous □feasible □bruise
□deny □association □offend □plentiful □emphatic □sprain
□infinite □calculate □annoy □abundant □emphasis □scratch
□eternal □distinction □resent □abound □emphasizeAise Dpace
□moreover □distinctive □irritate □sufficient □eloquent □absence
□diminish □distinct □upset □adequate □fluent □presence
□decrease □division □revise □wholesome □effective □presentation
□dwindle □separate □manuscript □conducive □aftereffect □parliament
□rate □interview □edit □appreciate □emotion □cabinet
□rating □discriminate □edition □criterion □nerve □holy
□ratio □distinguish □editorial □standardize □strain □sacred
□percentage □considerable □apply □handy □aftermath □bless
□proportion □considerate □applicable □convenience □outcome □institute
□comparison □considering □appliance □benefit □consequence □institution
reject /n'd3ekt/ vt. /ri:d3ekt/ n. peopte under — 些娱乐场所禁止18岁以下
【助记】re(back)+ject(扔)— 扔回来— 拒绝，拒纳 的未成年人进入。
v△①拒绝【同 refuse】 Some peopte fea伙 【派生】excluding pr印• 除…外,不包括
strong self-respect often reject others' offers
deny /di'nai/
/or以切.有些自尊心强的人经常拒绝别人提供
【助记】发音：“抵赖”->否认
的帮助。
v/•① to declare untrue; refuse to admit 否认
②拒纳 W? rejecto/ idea /or，ci cZwb,
Denying a fault doubles it.否认钱误就先加
and decided to have an art club instead.
倍错误。
们没有采纳他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法，而是
决定成立艺术俱乐部。 ② to refuse to give (sth.) to sb•拒绝给予
fi.被拒货品，不合格产品a 劣质轮胎 Some students are denied the chance of
【派生】rejection /!•拒绝；废弃物 going to university because they are poor.
有些学生因为穷而得不到上大学的机会。
forbid /febid/
【短语】deny sb. nothing对某人百依百顺// there
付• to order (sb.) not to do sth.禁止【反 permit】
is no denying that...不可否认的是 7?祕re’s
The dormitm'y supervisor forbade the board-
no denying that this is a serious blow .无
抓 吣 ptoy /owd rm^sic. 宿舍管理员不准住校
可否认这是个严重的打击。
生把音乐放得太大声。
【派生】denial /!•否认；拒绝；抛弃
【派生】forbidden a•被禁止的
infinite /infimt/
exclude /ikskiu：d/
【助记】in (not) +fm (界限）+ite— 没有界限的—无限
【助记】ex(out)+clude(关闭）— 关在门外— 把…排
的
除在外
a. without limits in space or time 无限的【反
vt. to prevent from entering; keep out 把…排斥
Unite) Indulging in computer games all day
在外 Some places of entertainment exclude
• 14 •may do infinite harm to students.终日沉溺 rate /reit/
于电脑游戏可能会对学生危害无穷。 "•① the speed at which sth. happens over a
【派生】infinity n• 无穷，无限
period of time 速度 drove 奴 a s仏cw/y
rate.我们以平稳的速度开车。// W rate 〇/
eternal /it3:nai/
economic groK；执经济增长的速度
a•① lasting for ever 永恒的 Do 2/ow m
© a measure of a part with respect to a
Werwa/ 你相信有永恒的爱吗？
whole 比率，率 ybw7//ind owr 对
②seeming endless 没完没了的 / am rired 〇/
mte compe份ive. 你会发现我们目前的利
扣ema/ 我讨厌你那没完没了
率很具竞争力。
的争论。
③ an amount that is paid 价格 Co// 2/owr
moreover /moirauva/ family at night， for night telephone rates
ad. in addition 而且，此外 77说 〇/ /wmse are draper Z/Mm rates.晚上给家里打电
is not good; Moreover，it’s too expensive•达 话吧，因为晚上的电话费比白天便宜。
幔房子的布局不好，另外，价钱也太高了 w. (Dto estimate the value of sth./sb.评估 i/ow;
do you 7，ate yourself as a professionat!作为
diminish /dimimj/
一位专业人士，你如何评估自己？
【助记】di+mini(小的）+sh (使)一►变小
©to state that a film, movie, etc. is suitable
v. to make smaller or less; reduce or lessen 变
for a particular audience SSI The movie
少，变小，降低 The heat diminished after the
is rated G for general audiences.影片定为
rain. — 场大雨后，温度降了下来。"
G 级，即老少皆宜。
These drugs diminish blood flow to the
③值得 That joke didn’t, rate a laugh.那个
6min. 这些药物会减少流向大脑的血液量
笑话不值得一笑。
decrease /di’k「i:s/ 【短语】at this rate照这种情形，既然这样// at any
【助记】de(down)+crease(生长）一►生长速度下降― rate无论如何，至少
减少 【派生】first-rate a•第一流的 // second-rate a•二
v. to become less or smaller, as in number, 流的，劣质的// ratepayer /!.纳税人
amount, or intensity 减小，减少【反increase】
rating /'reiti〇/
They are making efforts to decrease the
w.①等级，评定结果77祕 scomi a 如p
militmy spending.他们正在努力成少军费开支。
amcm分 这 所 大 学 在 学 生 中 最
// The population of the area has decreased
受欢迎。
radica% . 该地区的人口急速下降
②[pi.]收视率 Everyone likes this pivgtmriy so
n• 减少，减小 There has been a steady decrease in
popw/a汾m in /Ms 这个城市的人口在持续 it enjoys a high audience rating.大家都喜
欢看这个栏目，所以它的收视率相当不错。
下降。
dwindle /dwindi/ ratio (reij i9u/
/i. relation in degree or number between two
vi. to become gradually less until little remains
渐渐减少（缩小）•衰 落 77祕 similar things 比率 The ratio of hydrogen to
animals on the earth is dwindling.地球上 oxygen in water is 2 to 1•水中 l 和瓦的比
野生动物的数量正日漸减少。________________ 例是2:1。___________________________________
【辨析】表示"减少”的动词 【辨析】表示"比率”的名词
diminish:使人感到原物明显减少，但并未完全消 rate: 指部分相对整体形成的比率，如：divorce
rate离婚率
失
ratio:指两个数值之间的比值，该词所涉及的两
decrease:强调数目逐渐地、不断地减少
个比较项必须同时出现
dwindle:强调变得越来越少，终至全无
^----- - ------ = —— ■ —y -.
• 15 •percentage /p9sentid3/ 语言做一个比较研究吧" TVow; /’m
【助记】per(每）+cent()J )+age—► 每一百一分比 iw a>m/or纟.我现在生活相对舒
//.百分比 The numbers are smaU in percent 适。
age terms， bu 丨 significant.接石分 比象说 ，这 【派生】comparatively •比较地
些数目并不大，但意义重大
associate /a'saujieit/ v. /a'saujnt/ n. / a.
proportion /prapoijan/ 【助记】as(to)+soci(交往〉+ate—►交往
【助记】pro+portion(部分>—►比例；部分 v• ① to connect in thought, memory, or imagi-
"•①比例【同 ratio】77说 proper汾m 〇/ to nation 把…联系在一起 VVMs% is wswo/Zy 似-
girls is usually about four to one in science sociated with Scotland.人们常把成士忌同苏
and engineering colleges.理工大学的努女毛 格兰联系起来
比例通常是4:1 ®to spend time socially; keep company 交往
② an amount that is a part of a whole 部分 We have to associate with different kinds
A large propoi^tion of the students wei'e 我们要和各种各样的人交往。
sick because of the sevei'e cold.由于严寒大 w.伙伴 业务伙伴
部分学生都生病了 a•副 的 associate以松〇7•[美j副主编
③ 均 衡 ，相 称 //知 eopewdtore is oW 〇/
propoition to his income.他入不敷出
【短语】in proportion to… 与…成比例Tto & 执ew
calculated in proportion to what you earn.
所得税则是根据你的收入按比例计算的
【派生】proportional cr. 成比例的 /i. ①协会 ^4?/,〇肌〇6//必 美
国汽车协会
Comparison /kam'pserisan/
® 交往 Having an association with English
【助记】com (with) +par (相等的）+ison—►比较
native speakers is one way to improve oral
，i•①It 较 My garden doesn’t stand comparison
English.与母语A 荚语的&交往是提高荚语口
执 Ais.我的花园无法与他的相比
语的一种途径。
②比拟 〇/ tear/ £〇 cr
pump helped the children understand its calculate /kaelkjuleit/
ac«cm.他将心脏比作打气筒有助于孩子们了解 vt•①计算 We haven’t really calculated the cost
心脏的运作。 〇/ mm/iow 2/扣.我们还没有确切地计算出
【短语】byAin comparison 相比之下 // in comparison 度假要花多少钱。
with 与… 比较起来 7Ms pamtin ② to guess sth. using as many facts as you
pressive in comparison with that one.同那 can find 估计，推测【同 estimate】 ca/cw/ate
幅画相比，这幅画给人的印象更深刻 cosl/effect计算成衣/估算影响
③ to be intended to have a particular effect
comparable /knmparabl/
if M This advertisement is calculated to
〇• ①(〜H7//;仞)可比较的77^5必7171^，^5 607?2^(1打1-
attract the attention of housewives•这广告
ble to the best French cooking.这备饭可与 是为引起家庭主妇们的注意而设计的。
最好的法国烹饪媲美
【派生】calculator /!•计算器 // calculation /!•计
② tk 得上 No h〇7，se has a speed comparable 箅；深思熟虑// miscalculate v. 失算
to //wif 〇/ "is. 没有一匹马的速度能比得上他
distinction /dis'tiQkjan/
的马。
/i. ① a clear difference between two similar
【派生】incomparable a.无比的，无双的，不可比拟的
things 差另ij ,不同 What is the distinction
comparative /kam'paerativ/ ⑽ cmd moffes? 蝴蝶与飞蛾
a. 比较的，相对的 ma/ce a comparative 有什么不同之处？
study of the two languages.让我们对这两种 ② the separation of people or things intodifferent groups 区分，区别对待 77犯 sdiooZ Separate /'separet/ a. /separeit/ v.
makes no distinction between male and •①分离的 Are they joined together or se-
/emo^ sfwdewte. 学校并没有对男女学生区别 parate?它们是合在一起还是分开的？
对待。 ②各自的 Tke children all sleep in separate
③ 优秀，杰 出 侦 is a 押 枚 〇/ dis- becte. 孩子们各睡各人的床
“nciiow.华兹华斯是位卓越的诗人。 v. ® (使)分离 77说aq/ s/wm/d no mea似 be se-
④荣 誉 分ain a di^incKon /on••因…而 parated frum practice•理论绝不良阮离实际
获得荣誉或奖励 // When did they separate last night? 昨晚
【短语】without distinction 无差别地 // draw a 他们什么时候分开的？
distinction between 对…加以丨><:别//e drcm?s ② 区分 It’s not always easy to separate cause
a distinction between art and culture.他区 /romejQfecl因果关系并不总是容易区分的
分了艺术和文化的不同 ③ I夫妻)分居 It’s the children wfw suffer whe?i
their parents separate.父母分居时受巽的l
distinctive /dis'tiQktiv/
子女。
a. having a special quality, character, etc. that
【派生】separately似/•分别地// separation /I•分
is different and easy to recognize 有特色的，
离；分居// separatist /!.分离主义者
区别性的 77祕 impressed me wri执 to
这种啤酒以它独特的口味给 interview /'mtavju：/
我留下了深刻的印象 【助记】inter(between)+view(看)一►会见
n .会见;面试 The ambassador ?*efused to give any
distinct /dis'tiQkt/
interviews to journalists or TV m en.大使
a. ①clearly different or belonging to a different
拒绝任何新闻或电视记者的采访
type 有区别的 Afomrrs
vt.会见；面试 She has interviewed most of the
/rom //a^/dn’s.莫扎特的风格与海顿的风格截然
app/icante /or j_ofe.她已和大部分申请这
不同。
份工作的人面谈过
② easily or clearly heard, seen, felt, etc.清楚
【派生】interviewee /I•被采汸者 // interviewer /i.
的 The outline of the ship became more
采访者
船的轮廓变得更加清晰了
③明 确的，显 著 的 improvement显著 discriminate /disknmmeit/
的进步 【助记】dis(apart) +crim(罪行）+inate—► 把人区别对
待的一种罪行一► 歧视
专四真题
vi. ① to recognize a difference between things
As a result of this and also of the fact that
区别 77犯 tow; d^crimina仏s
workers’ jobs were generally much less
accidental and intentional killing.意外杀&
secure, distinct differences in life-styles and
和故意杀人在法律上是有区别的
attitudes came into existence.
©to treat differently on the basis of sex or
译文：因此，也因为劳动阶层的工作缺少稳定性，
race(-against)歧视 Society still discriminates
就产生了生活方式和态度上的鲜明的差异性
again相 社 会 上 仍 然 歧 视 女 性
【派生】discrimination w• 歧视；辨別力
division /divi3an/
【助记】divis(分）+ion—*•分配 distinguish /dis*tiQgwi[/
w.①分；分配 o/to^owr 幻 importowf in
v/•① to be able to recognize and understand the
劳动分工在今天的企业中很重要
difference between two similar things or people
② 分歧 There are signs of growing division
区分 A common person usually can't distin
about the strategy to adopt.有迹象表明象取
guish a genuine antique from a fake one.
何种策略分歧越来越大
常人一般不会区分真古董和赝品
③ 除（法）processes of division除法的运算
②to see or hear clearly 看清 Can 2/ow 办5_
④ 部门 〇/ 营业部
tinguish those distant objects?你能看请远■处
• 17 •的那些物体吗？ a. ①aware of sth. (such as a fact or feeling)意
③l~oneself)使杰出 He distinguished himself 识到的 The greatest of faults is to be
in the eamnination.他考试成绩突出 co似 〇/ none. 最严重的缺点是意识不到
【派生】distinguishable a•可区分的 // distinguished 自己的缺点。
〇•卓越的 ©awake and able to understand what is hap
pening around you The driver was
considerable /kansidsrabl/
still conscious when the ambulance reached
a. large in size, amount, or quantity 相当大（或
see狀 0/ 当救护车赶到事故
多）的 I have given considerable thought to
现场时，司机仍然神志清醒。
ma/Yer. 这件事我已经考虑得相当充分了
③有意的 / /ww/ to ma/ce a ej〇T〇r尤
considerate /kansidarit/ wof to rwete to /ier. 我得刻意约束自己不要
a. showing regard for the needs or feelings of 对她粗鲁。
others 体贴的 /f is amsitterate 〇/ 2/ow to 【派生】consciousness/*•意识，知觉//unconscious
send a pos化ard.寄给我明信片，你真是细 a.失去知觉的；无意地说出或做出的
心周到。
offend /*fend/
0
七 = ::^
鲁
【一言辨异】considerate，considerable 【助记】off(离开)+end(最后)一►感情受到“冒犯”,最
It’s very considerate of you to send me a 后离开了
Christmas gift at considerable expense every V/•① to cause displeasure, anger, or wounded
2/ear.你每年都花很多钱给我买圣诞礼物，真是
feelings in冒犯，伤害…的感情1>〇7 ^ 6 6 〇/-
考虑周到。 /encted. / am /〇〇以仰 aroi/rwl 别恼火，我
只是在开玩笑。
②to be displeasing or disagreeable to 使厌
prep.就…来说 You did quite well in your
恶 ，使 不 舒 服 *
exams, considering how little you studied.
than pleases the ear.有些音乐不是悦耳，而是
就你平时这么少学习来说，你已考得不错了。
刺耳。
【用法】该同可跟名词或that和wh-同引导的名词性
© to be against what people believe is
从句。
morally 7i^ht 违反，违背 These comments qffend
consideration /kan.sida'reijan/ against people’s religious beliefs.这些评论有
n. 虑 I leave it entirely to your kind con- 悖于人们的宗教信仰。
sidemrtcm.这事全样托你了。 【派生】offender /!• 冒犯者，犯罪者// offence /!•
②体贴 Jeff never shows any consideration 犯规;冒犯
for his mother’s feelings.煞 K 队象不体谅他
annoy - /anoi/
母亲的感受。
【助记】发音：“暗 恼 使 烦 恼
【短语】in consideration of考虑到；作为对…的报酬
// take into consideration 考虑到 vt. to cause sb. to feel
slightly angry 使烦恼，
aware /awes/
烦扰，打 搅 _^/1-
a. knowing that sth. (such as a situation, prob- noys me is the way he
lem) exists 意识到的【反 unaware】 Mow peopte
won’t even listen to
are aware of the risk when they invest in
other people’s sugge&
stocfcs and s/wires. 大多数人在投资证券的时
“cms.让我恼火的是他
候是意识到风险的。
那不肯听别人建议的
【短语】be aware of意识到
// The mosquitoes
【派生】awareness /!• 察觉，意识到
annoyed me so much that I couldn’t sleep.蚊
子搅得我无法入睡。
conscious /*knnj as/
【派生】annoyance /i•烦恼事
【助记】con+sci(知道）+ous—意识到的
• 18 •resent /ri’zent/ 【派生】revision /I.修订;修订稿
v/. to be angry or upset about (sb. or sth. that you
manuscript /maenjuskript/
think is unfair)对…表示忿恨 Jerma resented
【助记】manu(手）+script(稿子)一►手稿
having to ask her parents’ permission in
/!.①手稿 Unforlunaiely， parts of the original
everything she did•事事都得征束父母的许
manuscript were lost in the fire.不幸的 l ，
可，詹娜很不高兴。
部分原稿在大火中被烧毁了。
【派生】resentful仏 憎 恨 的 // resentment /!•愤
@手写本 This is a valuable medieval manus-
恨，怨恨
这是一本有价值的中世纪手抄本。
irritate Anteit/
edit /edit/
vt. ® to make sb. feel impatient, angry, or
vt. ®to prepare for publication or presentation
annoyed 使恼怒 His disloyalty irrikited his
by correcting, revising, or adapting 编辑，校订
wife， who resolutely left home.他的不忠激
It is not yet decided who will edit it.由 i%
怒了他的妻子，她毅然离开了这个家。
校订未决。
②使（身体某部分)不 适 分 祝 Wte o//iair
② 主编 She used to edit the Washington Post.
down on the back of your neck， they will
她曾主编过《华盛顿邮报》。
《rrito鉍i/ow.如果头发碎屑落在你脖子后面，你
③ 萌辑 The edited film is a selected assem
会感到很不舒服。
bly of all kinds of “bits and pieces”. 笏辑
【派生】irritable 〇• 易怒的;过敏的// irritating 〇•恼
片是选用形形色色的“片断和点滴”汇编而成的
人的// irritation /I.激怒；恼人事
【派生】editor/I•编辑，校订者
upset /Apset/
edition /i'dij an/
【助记】up(上）+set(放置)— 把下面的放在上面了—
【助记】发音：“一爹生”―一部作品可生成多个“版
弄翻
本”
V/. (Dto make sb. unhappy, worried, etc.使心烦
n.版，版本 >1 paperftadc 〇/ a 6〇〇& 红
意"SL The news completely upset them.达消
much cheaper than a deluxe edition.平装本
息使他们极为心烦。
的书比精装本的书要便宜很多。
② to disturb the functioning, order, or course
of 打乱 Owr arrcmfirem^n 仏 /or ⑽ee/cewd editorial /.edi'tomsi/
wps祝 以 . 她 一 来 把 我 们 周 末 的 a. ① 编 辑 的 ojQTice^orA:编辑部/编辑工
安排给打乱了。
作
③ 弄翻，打 翻 A /ar供 w押以你^ &〇加. ②社论的cm editoria/ articte社论
一个巨浪打翻了船。 n•社论 He writes editoiials for the newspaper.
n.(肠冓等 1不适 He has a stomack upset.他的 他为这家报纸撰写社论。
胃不舒服3
apply /eplai/
a.心烦的 James was upset because his wallet
W,①to ask formally for sth. usu. in writing 申
ims对o Z m 麽姆斯很烦躁，因为他的钱包被偷了。
【用法】过去式、过去分词upset。 请 I want to apply for the job.我想申请这續
工作。
revise /riVaiz/ ②to have an effect on sb. or sth.适用 77祕
【助记】re(again)+vise(看)一►再看一次一► 校订 rule doesn’t apply to this case.这条说财不
V. ① to make changes esp. to correct or 适用于这种情形。
improve sth.修订 I’d like you to read my vt. (Dto use (an idea, method, law, etc.) in a par-
once /’從 rei如e d 仏我把故事修改完 ticular situation 使用，运用，实施 Afew; tec/moZ-
后，想请你看一遍。 ogy is being applied to almost every in-
②复习 She’s revising her notes for the dwstria/ process.几乎所有的工业生产都采用
arams.为了准备考试她正在复习笔记。#
新技术。
/or纟 以 温 课 迎 考 ②涂，敏 You needn’t apply so much make-
• 19 •wp /0 你不必在脸上涂那么多化妆 propose /prapeuz/
品。
【助记】pro(before)+pose(放置)一►把提案放在前而—
【派生】reapply v• 重新申请// application n•申
提议
请;应用；敷用// applicant /!•申请人 v.①提议【同 suggest】
专四真题 He proposed that we
should go for a walk.
The same disadvantages can apply to flat
他提议我们去散步。
sharing, with the added difficulties that
②to suggest sb. for
arise from deciding who pays for what, and
a job, position, office,
in what proportion.
etc.提名 He was proposed as a candidate for
译文：合租公寓也存在同样的问題，另外还有谁
《fee 從.他被推荐为教育
来付账单、各付多少的问题，
委员会的候选人
applicable /aeplikabl/ ③ to intend to do sth.打算 / cm
【助记】appli (应用）+c+able (可…的)— 可应用的 tomorrow; momin仏我打算明天
a.①可应用的7Ms part 〇/ /orm no《 早上早点出发。
applicable to f 7*eiffn students.表格中的这一 ④ 求婚 He proposed to her, and she accepted.
〇
部分不适用于外国学生 他向她求婚，她接受了
②合适的 TTie rule “Look before you leap”is 【短语】propose (marriage) to sb•向某人求婚
【派生】proposal w.提议；求婚
always applicable. “三思而后行”这一准则JL
乎任何时候都适用
generous A^enares/
appliance /e'plaians/ a .①慷慨的ft’s 办 价 to fee 占.慷
慨大方是她的天性。
n .器具：Household electrical appliances made
in China are very popular. 中国国产家用电 ②宽厚的 She was generous enough to overlook
器非常受欢迎。 /if/te 她非常宽宏大量，不计较我
的小错误。
bid /bid/ ©larger or more than the usual size or amount
/i.①企图，（为争取某物而作出的)努力a
太置的 The fcmners receive generous subsidies
bid to free he7，self from a loveless marriage from the government.农民们从政府那里得到
为摆脱那段没有爱情的婚姻而作出的不顾一切
大量的补贴。
的努力 【派生】generosity w•慷慨，大方
②投标；出价 77祕 a Md
for the contract to clean the hospital.该公 plentiful /plentiful/
司投标承包这所医院的清洁工作// 77iq/抑尤 【助记】plenty(u• 丰富）的形容词
in the highest bid fo?， the house•他们为这複 a. more than enough in quantity 丰富的，充裕的
房子出了最高价。 There are plentiful watermelons in the sum-
v. 0to offer or propose an amount as a price; mer. 夏季有大量的西瓜上市
to offer to do work for a particular price 喊
abundant /9'bAndant/
价；投标 He bid W million doUars for Picasso’s
【助记】ab (away) +und (涌上来）+ant—东西多溢出
他为毕加索的画出价1000万 美 元 "
来—大量的
We have successfully bid for the contract.
•①大 II 的【同 plentiful】阶 /wn疋 crimm/arU
我们竞标成功，得到了这份合同。
proof of hi名innocence. A 们有充分的证据证
② to utter greetings or good wishes We
明他是无辜的。
6a汾 我 们 向 他 告 别
② inj 富裕的 The country is abundcmt
③ 命令 Do as 2/ow are 按命令行事
i/i waiwra/ resources. 该国自然资源丰富
// I wiU do as j/ou b id .我将照你吩咐的去做：：
【派生】abundance w.丰富
【用法】过去式bid/bade,过去分i司bid/bidden〇
• 20 •abound /a'baund/ cmrcow/^r^/.在我们国家，教师受到高度重视
甿 to exist or occur in large numbers (〜化 w/"i} ② to be thankful or grateful for 为…表示感激
充满，富于，•大M存在 Oranges abound here all I deeply appreciated your thoughtfulness•我
2/ea?* nmnd. 这里一年到头都有很多撥子 对你的体贴周到深表谢意。
③ to be aware of sth.领会 / am a/mid 沒〇以
// The country abounds in valuable minerals.
这个国家蕴藏的重要矿物非常丰富。 have not appreciated the urgency of the
ma^er. 恐怕你还没有意识到这件事的紧迫性
sufficient /sa'fif ant/
vi•塘值 Gold has ?，ecently appreciated.黄金最
a. being as much as is needed; adequate; 近涨价了。
enough足够的，充分的【反 insufficient】M m y 【派生】appreciation n• 欣赏；感谢 // appreciative
people working and living in the city don't a• 有欣赏力的；感激的
ste印.很多在城市工作和居住
criterion /krai'tiorian/
的人睡眠都不充足。
【助记】crit(判断)+erion— 判断的依据一► 标准
【派生】sufficiency /!•充足 // self-sufficient a•自
n. a standard or rule on which a judgment or
给自足的；傲慢的
decision can be based It is unacceptable
adequate /aedikwit/ to say popularity is the only criterion of a
【助记】ad (to) + equ (相等的）+ ate — 等同于所需的一► 分oorf wove/.把是否流行作为判断一本好小说的
充足的 唯一标准是让人难以接受的
a .① 充 足 的 【同 sufficient】 in cr 【用法】该词的复数形式为criteria或criterions
chemical plant should be given adequate
Standardize /*staend0daiz/
training in safety precautions.化工厂的雇
vt. to make all the things of one particular type
员应有足够的安全防范培训。
the same as each other使（某事物）标准化
② 胜 任 的 cute分 to心 job能胜任工作
Efforts to standardize English spelling haven't
【用法】表示“充足的”时.被其修饰的名词通常不是
been swcc從s/w/.英语拼写标准化的努力并不
复数名词。
成功。
【派生】inadequacy /!•不足；不胜任// inadequate
^ 不充分的，不能胜任的，不适宜的 handy /hsendi/
① 方便的 This manual of college English
wholesome /haulsam/
vocabulary is a handy reference book.这本
仏 ①indicative of good health or well-being 有益
大学英语词汇手册是一本使用简易方便的参考书
于健康的；健 康 的 ,/bod有益健康的
② 手边的 Keep a dictionary handy while
食物
对学习的时候手边应备有一本字典。
②considered to have a good moral effect 有
③ 手巧的 The giri is handy with needle and
益的 You should read some wholesome books.
认read. 那女孩巧于针线活儿
你应当读些有益的书
convenience /kan'viimens/
conducive /kan'djuisiv/
n•①方便 Would it be possible for you to join
a. making it easy, possible, or likely for sth. to
af i/owrc onwriiewce?方便的话能否光临？
happen or exist有助于…的，促成…的 / 九
②便利设施modem 现代化的便
air is conducive to health.新辦■空气有益使
利设施
康。
【派生】inconvenience #i./v•(给…带来)不便，打扰
appreciate /epriijieit/
benefit /bemfit/
【助记】ap(to) + preci (价值)+ate—► 对价值给予肯定一►
n. ®sth. that gives you advantages or improves
赏识，欣赏
your life in some way 益处 and rm/7wa/
vt. ®to recognize the good qualities of sb. or sth.
benefit is one of China's five principles of
重视，欣赏 Teachers are highly appreciated in
peaceful coexistence in foreign policy.午等瓦
• 21 •利是中国外交和平共处五项基本原则之一。 专四真题
②救济金 medicd/unemj)l〇]/meni benefit &
Children often sleep with parents, and
疗/失业津贴
brothers or sisters share a bed, emphasizing
v. to be useful or helpful to 有益于，得益 77祕
familial interdependence.
plants benefited from the i，ain. it 物得 A 于
译文：孩子们常常和父母一起睡，兄弟或姐妹睡
达场雨』 // a trade agreement that will
一张床，突出家庭内部的相互依赖性。
greatly benefit the developing world 对反展
中国家十分有利的一项贸易协定 eloquent /elakwant/
【短语】benefit by/from sth•得益于…
a .①showing the ability to use language clearly
【辨析】表示“益处”的名词 and effectively 雄辩的 Afard/i Lwf/ier /fine’s
benefit:指某项政策、活动给人们带来的实际好 eloquent speeches have moved men throug-
处，但不能指“利润” ^ 马丁 •路德•金雄辩的演讲感动了
profit:可指金钱或其他方面的利益 人 全美国的人—
② showing a feeling or meaning without
beneficial /.benffijal/ using words明白显示出的77说 吻 rrap/^5 are
a. 有益的 4 ftatoncerf di祝 cmd a moderate an eloquent reminder of the hoirors of
amount of sports are beneficial to health. w;ar.这些照片形象地提醒人们不要忘记战争的
均衡的饮食和适度的运动有益于健康 恐怖。
【派生】eloquence /!• 雄辩，口才
available /aVeiiabi/
a, present and ready for use; easy or possible to fluent /'flu: ant/
get or use现成可使用的；可得到的【同obtain- a. able to speak a language very well 流利的 An
abie、 All the available 7noney has been used. interpreter must be fluent in at least two
手头上所有的钱都用完了//厂7/171加 （1似仏 ton分一名口译人员必须至少能流利地讲
able in the office now. A 现在不在办公室 两门语言。
【派生】availability w. 可用性 【派生】fluency w• 流利，流畅
feasible /fiizabi/ effective /ifektiv/
a. capable of being accomplished; possible 可行 a. ①having an intended or expected effect 有效
的 It is feasible to apply the computer to 的【反ineffective】阶 f e o p e 殳wmimewY忉似
分.将计算机应用到语言教学 take effective measures to reduce pollution.
是可行的。 我们希望政府采取有效措施减少污染
emphatic /im’faetik/ © 给人印象深刻的 //e 沒awe aw pe?/or-
a.强调的，加 强 语 气 的 祕 os mance as Othello.他演的奂赛罗令人印象深M。
the importance of being punctual. 王尔德强 ③ 实际的 There is a decline in the effective
调严守时间的重要性。 cfemarwZ.实际需求有所下降
emphasis /'emfasis/ aftereffect /aiftai.fekt/
【助记】em(in)+pha(表示）+sis— 明白地表示一► 强调 n. an unpleasant effect that remains for a long
n .强调，重点 His report places emphasis on the time after the condition or event that caused
need f〇7* better working conditions.他的考艮 it (不良的}后果，副 作 用 drw分s are avoid
告强调需要更好的工作条件。 ed fcecaitse 〇/ Zwirwi/wZ 有
些药物避免使用，因为有副作用。
emphasize/-ise /emfssaiz/
v/. to give special attention to; stress 弓虽调 /fe emotion /imaujan/
emphasized the need for hard work.他强调 【助记】e(out)+mot(动）+ion— 动出（感情）
了苦千的必要。 /!• 情感，感情 77扮 i;er2/ essence 〇/ /i^era/wre is
【用法】该间后面可接名词或wh-从句或that从句： the war between emotion and intellect. 文学
• 22 •的本质是情感与理智的斗争。 consequence /konsikwens/
【派生】emotive a.(激起）感情的// emotional a. 【助记】con ( —起）+sequ (跟随）+ ence—► 跟随其后一►
令人动情的；感情的 结果
n. 0sth. that happens as a result of a particu
nerve /n3：v/
lar action or set of conditions B If you
/!.①神经Don?分祝onw erye/别把我惹毛了！
don’t pay your biUs you’U have to take the
②勇气【同 courage】 a Wi 〇/
corisegweMces.你如果不把账给付了，就得承担
to eross执從e c/iain bridges.过这种铁索桥
一切后果3
要有点胆量才行。
②significance; importance 重要（性）Your op-
【短语】get on sb.’s nerves惹得某人心烦
inion is of little consequence to m e.你的意
Strain /strein/ 见对我而言不重要。
n• ①拉紧；张力 Tke rope broke under the strain. 【短语】in consequence 因此，结果 // in consequence
绳索在张力之下断了。 of 因为…的缘故 Jn 〇/ bad
②极 度紧张 are lender severe work, I was forced to dismiss him. 由于他
strain during the college entrance exams. 工作表现不好，我只好把他辞退=
高考期间，许多学生都处于极度紧张之中。 【派生】consequent a•作为结果的
③ 扭 伤a toc/c对miri背部扭伤
consequently /'konsikwantii/
④ [常p/.]旋律；品种;气质
ad.所以 There was no fighting and consequently
v. ®to injure by too much tension or use 扭伤
nocaswa/fi從.没有发生战斗，因此没有人员伤亡
/ strained my back when I lifted the box.
【用法】相当于as a result,可放在句首或与and连
我抬箱子的时候扭了背。
接两个并列句。
② to pull, draw, or stretch tight 拉紧 7bo
专四真题
heavy a load will strain the rope to its
6reaA:iri^ p o m t 负栽过重会把绳子拉紧到崩断 Consequently, the age of 63 (the product of
的地步。 nine and seven) was thought to be a very
③ an effort to do sth. using all your mental perilous time for him.
or physical strength 尽力，用尽全力 J drained 译文：因此，63岁（7 和9 相乘的得数）被认为是
to remember where I had met him before. 他非常危险的一段时间。
我努力回想在哪儿见过他c // Don’t 对rain
muscle /mAsi/
^/cmrse(/7 Fbw to re^ worn 别累坏自己！
w.①肌肉 77祕 soWiers cm 分ward 〇/ rian’cmmew
你需要更多的休息。
Square stand without moving a muscle. 天
aftermath /'aittamaee/ 安门广场的战士站岗时纹丝不动。
n. a period of time following a disastrous event ②physical strength 力置 //. tooA:似 a ⑹ 〇/
(指不幸的）事件的余波，后 果 //〇切does a muscle to get that piano up those stairs,
country cope ivith the aftermath of war? — 那架钢琴沿着那些楼梯搬上去费了我们很大的力气
个国家如何妥善处理战后问题？ 【派生】muscular a• 肌肉的；肌肉发达的
outcome /autkAm/ bruise /bru：z/
【助记】lil词come out(出来）颠倒顺序构成的名词 w .青肿；（水果等的)伤痕77祕pear /wzd 〇/
n, the final result of a meeting, discussion, war dark spots.梨子上有擦伤的黑点
etc. used esp. when no one knows what it v• ①使受游伤；碰伤 It is strange that girls are
w川 be until it actually happens 结果【同 re much easier to bruise their skin than boys.
sult】 Chance usually governs the outcome of 很奇怪，女孩子的皮肤总是比男孩子更容易被碰
game运气经常操纵比赛的结果 青肿 // Soft fruit bruises easily.细漱的水
果容易碰损。②to hurt, esp. psychologically 挫伤 //is 印o afcseace 〇/ 黑暗就是缺乏光亮。
teas badly bruised ivhen he lost, the race. 【派生】absent a•缺席的；心 不 在 焉 的 // absent-
在比赛中失利，他的自尊心受到极大伤害 minded a.心不在焉的
sprain /sprein/ presence /prezans/
n./vt• 扭，扭伤 He got a foot sprain in his ankle. /i•①出席，存在【同attendance】77紹ccmcer^
他的脚踩扭伤了 // sprain on^’s 扭伤 be performed in the presence of the Queen.
了手腕 女王将出席音乐会。
② 仪 表 ，仪态 She has a nice voice but
scratch /skraetj/
吨/ no 她声音不错，但
v .①抓，播 Scratching the rash will make it worse.
毫无台风。
抓检良条会使它1 严重。 // The dog is always
【短语】presence of mind镇定自 若 // in sb.’s
scratching.那只徇老是检痒
presence当着某人的面，有某人在场t/o/m r^er
②刮擦，刻画 Miwrf 2/ow dow ’ f 加
seemed at ease in my presence.约翰在我面
table with those scissors!小心别用剪刀划坏
前总是显得不自在。
桌面！
n .抓；抓 痕 cm a car rfoor车门上的 presentation /.prezan'teijan/
刮痕 n .①the act of showing sb. sth. so that it can be
【短语】up to scratch合格，处于良好状态// from checked or considered 提供 77祕 ^
scratch从零开始，从头做起Ife lost aU his payable on presenta tion此ii票交银行即可无现。
money and had to start again completely ©the way in which sth. is said, offered, shown,
//wn 他损失了所有的钱，只好再从头 explained etc. to others 夕卜观 presento以on
做起。 of food can be as important as the taste.食
物的外观和味道同样重要。
专四真题
③ the act of giving sb. a prize or present at
How are we to know that it wasn't you
a formal ceremony 授予 The mayor will be
who made the scratch?
on hand to make the presentations.市长将亲
译文：我们怎么知道这划痕不是你造成的呢？
临现场颁奖。
④ an event at which a new product or idea
pace /peis/
is described and explained 报告，介绍 77紹
n .①(一）步 / mwed /onmrd a cowpte o/paces.
charts and graphs helped me understand
我向前移动了几步。
图表有助我理解报告的内容「
②速度 I cannot walk at that pace. A 无法
©the performance of a play S ;H There is a
以那种速度行走。
presentation of a new play tonight.今晚有
v/. to walk or stride back and forth across 踱步
一场新戏演出。
She paced up and down the room， waiting
for the phone to 7ing.地在房1 政表敗去，等 parliament /pariamant/
着电话响。 【助记】parlia(说话）+ment—►“议会”是谈论政事的
【短语】set the pace起带头作用// keep pace 地方
(with)(与…）齐步前进 /wird to n* 议会，国会 The Parliament decided to impeach
keep pace with him as he strode off.他大 the President.舀会决定体劫患统。
步走开了，她感到很难跟上他。 【派生】parliamentary a• 议会的，国会的
absence /'aebsans/ cabinet /kaebimt/
/i•① the state of being away 缺席 Aftse/ice n.①内阁 In Britain， members of the Cabinet
sharpens love between lovers.小糾加深恋人 are chosen by the Prime Minister• 在英風，
间的感情 内阁成员是由首相挑选的。
② the lack of sth.缺乏 Dar/c狀ss is ②陈列柜a /ite caMn^ 文件柜
• 24 •holy /hauli/ 【派生】blessed • 受上帝恩宠的；带来愉快的//
a. ① connected to a god or a religion 神圣的 blessing /!•祷告；祝福；幸事
Jerusalem was regarded as the holy place
institute /institju：t/
6沒 耶 路 撒 冷 被 基 督 徒 们 视 为
n. an organization created for a particular purpose
圣地。
(such as research or education) Massa
②虔戚的 the holy followers of Buddha 泉成
chusetts Institute of Technology in the US is
的佛教信徒
one of the top universities in the world 美
sacred /'seilcrid/ 国的麻省理工学院是世界顶级大学之一—
fl•①greatly respected, or believed to be holy 神 vt. to introduce or start a system, rule, legal
圣的 are sacmi to //indies.对印度人 process etc.建立 The manager institutes a
来说，牛是神圣的 // Jnrfira Gandfci consid- reform against bureaucracy in the compa-
ei'ed it a sacred duty to fulfill her dead fa- 叫/.经理推行改革以消除公司内的官僚作风。
/feer’s 英迪拉•甘地认为完成她已故父
institution /.insti'tju:Jan/
亲的遗愿是她神圣的职责
n. ①an established organization, esp. one dedi
②宗教（性）的 Sabred So叩圣歌
cated to education, public service, or culture
bless /bles/ 社会公共机构 f haven’t decided which ed
vt. (D to endow, as with ucational institutiom to apply for•我还没
talent health, etc. 使 有决定向哪所大学提交申请。
有幸得到Fortmialely ②制 度，习俗 became an i似汾
we’re both blessed with iw ancienf 婚姻在古代社会就已经
good health 幸运的 A 成为一种制度。
我们俩都有健康的身体。 ③ 设 立 ，创 立 77说 〇/ Zm仍 is
②为…祈神赐福（或保佑）7?紀 /armors are critical to the stability of a society.法律的
blessing propitious winds and rains.农民 制订对于社会的穗定很关键。
们正在祈求风调雨顺。 【派生】institutional仏由来已久的；公共机构的
• 25 •典型考题精练
1. Taking photographs is strictly ______ here, as it may damage the precious cave paintings.
A. forbidden B. rejected C. excluded D. denied
2. The discovery of new oil-fields in various parts of the country filled the government with ______
hope.
A. eternal B. infinite C. ceaseless D. everlasting
3. According to the new tax law, any money earned over that level is taxed at the ______ of 59 per
cent.
A. ratio B. percentage C. proportion D. rate
4. His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in______ to his income.
A. comparison B. proportion C. association D. calculation
5. Being colour-blind, Sally can*t make a ______ between red and green.
A. difference B. distinction C. comparison D. division
6. It is an offence to show ______ against people of different races.
A. distinction B. difference C. separation D. discrimination
7. The couple has donated a not ______ amount of money to the foundation.
A. inconsiderable B. inconsiderate C. inaccurate D. incomparable
8. On the road motorists should be aware of cyclists and be ______ towards them.
A. considerable B. considering C. considerate D. considered
9. Reporters and photographers alike took great ______ at the rude way the actor behaved during
the interview.
A. annoyance B. offence C. resentment D. irritation
10. Tim has failed three courses this semester, so he will have to ______ them next semester.
A. remake B. repeat C. reapply D. revise
11. The multinational corporation was making a take-over______ for a property company.
A. application B. bid C. proposal D. suggestion
12. For the advertised position, the company offers a(n) _____ salary and benefits package.
A. generous B. plentiful C. abundant D. sufficient
13. We had a good time there, and the food was plentiful and_____.
A. conducive B. wholesome C. helpful D. appreciative
14. Keep this reference book; it may come in ______ one day.
A. handy B. useful C. convenient D. helpful
15. Since the early nineties, the trend in most businesses has been toward on-demand, always-
available products and services that suit the customer's ______ rather than the company’s.
A. benefit B. availability C. suitability D. convenience
16. She answered with an ______ "NoM to the request that she attend the public hearing.
A. eloquent B. effective C. emotional D. emphatic
17. The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the ______ of the
earthquake.
A. consequence B. aftermath C. result D. effect
18. Rite of Passage is a good novel by any standards; ______, it should rank high on any list of
science fiction.
A. consistently B. consequently C. invariably D. fortunately
19. He _____ his head, wondering how tx> solve the problem.
• 26 •A. scrapped B. screwed C. scraped D. scratched
20. As a developing country, we must keep with the rapid development of the world
economy.
A. move B. step C. speed D. pace
1. [A]这里严禁拍照，因为那会破坏珍贵的壁画。
2. [B]在这个国家各地发现的新油田使得政府充满了无限的希望。
3. [D]按照新的税收法，凡是收入超过那个标准的都要按59%的税率征税。
4. [B】他在度假和购买奢侈品上的高花销与他的收入不成比例。
5. [B]因为色盲，萨利红绿不辨。
6. [D]歧视不同种族的人是违法的。
7. [A]这对夫妇已经为基金会捐出了为数不少的一笔钱。
8. [C]在路上，驾驶汽车的人应该留意骑自行车的人并为他们着想。
9. [B]新闻记者和摄影记者都对那个演员在采访中表现出来的粗鲁举止感到很不满a
10. [B]蒂姆这学期有三门课不及格，因此下学期他不得不重修它们。
11. [B]那家跨国公司正在竞标收购一家地产公司。
12. [A]公司对招聘广告中的职位提供丰厚的薪水和优越的福利待遇3
13. [B]我们在那里玩得很开心，食物很充足，也很有益健康。
14. [A]留着这本参考书，也许将来会有用。
15. [D]从90年代早期开始，大多数商业的产品和服务已经开始朝着按需供应、随时有货的趋势发展了，
为顾客而不是商家提供方便2
16. [D]面对让她参加公众听证会的要求，她用一个“不”字断然拒绝了。
17. [B]医学专家警告官方，地震过后有爆发疾病的危险。
18. [B]无论以什么标准,历《6 〇/ 尸0财叫6都是一本好小说。因此，在任何科幻小说的排行榜上，它都应
该居于前列。
19. [D】他掻掻脑袋，不知道该怎样解决这个问题。
20. [D】作为一个发展中国家，我们必须跟上世界经济迅速发展的步伐。
• 27 •(B■ ⑨m紛
单词预习+返记
□consistent □flaw □sensible □incidentally □concern □monopoly
□vary □condemn □sensitive □eventual □concerning □monotonous
□variable □reproach □efficient □pursue □dependent □route
□misfortune □rebuke □allergy □pursuit □independent □retail
□relevant □imaginary □infect □theft □rely □comb
□simultaneous □imaginative □disinfect □burglar □reliable □coarse
□impractical □devise □epidemic □engage □attendance □vulgar
□obvious □device □contagions □indulge □attendant □summarize
□spontaneous □ingenious □widespread □action □assist □sum
□substance □create □virus □decisive □aid □overtime
□substantial □creative □absolute □determination □secure □discontent
□synthetic □theoretical □roughly □defensive □protection □disregard
□synthesis □accordingly □approximate □defendant □shelter □disorder
□crude □accordance □accidental □demanding □resident □abnormal
□raw □accord □accurate □convince □reside □physical
□defect □sense □omit □involve □dwell □ecology
consistent /kan'sistant/ variable /Veariabl/
【助记】con( — 起）+sist(站）+ent—>站在-起的一► 一 【助记】vari(改变）+able— 能改变的4 可变的
致的 a• ①丨ikely to change 易变的 //is mood is 似
a, ① always acting or behaving in the same variable as the weather.他的情諸如天气般反
way 坚持的，一贯的 Da纟a /rom rece 复无常。
ments show consistent resul鉍.最近的实验教 变的 The speed of the windscreen wipers
^ wiriafete.(汽车）挡风玻璃上刮水器的速度是
据显示一贯的结果。
可调节的^
©having parts that agree with each other —
可变因素 77犯re are too variaWes in
致的 The witness’s testimony is not comistent
the experiment to predict the result accurately.
with what he said earlier.证人的证词和之
实验中可变因素大多，难以准确预测结果
前说过的不一致，
【派生】invariable a.不变的；常 数 的 常 数 ；不变
【派 生 】consistency /!• 前后一致；（液体的）浓度//
的东西
inconsistent a.不一致的；前后矛盾的；(；行为等）
反复无常的 misfortune /mis'foitjan/
【助记】mis(bad)+fortune(运气)一>不幸，逆境
vary /Veari/
w.不幸，逆境；不幸事故Mis/or加 wever come
v/. to unc/ergo or show change 变化 Opinions
a/(m疚[诗】祸不单行〇
on wfiat success is vary from person to
person.关于什么是成功，人人观点不一 relevant /reiiv^nt/
V/. to make diverse 使 不 同 Fbw should vary 【助记】re (again) + lev (提出）+ ant-> “相关的”问题被
2/owr沿故.你应该使你的饮食多样化 再次提出来
【短语】vary from... to...在… 到…之间变动 a. having connection with the matter at hand 有
【派生 】variation /I•变 化 ；变体；变奏（曲) 关的，切题的【反 irrelevant】 ft’s said a
person’s fate is relevant to his character.
• 28 •据说人的命运与性格有关 物质。
【派生】relevance //• 相关，切题 ② significance or importance 实质 There is
no substance in your argument 你的争论没
专四真题
有实质性内容
Nearly all college texts and many liigh
③ the most important ideas contained in an
school and junior high books will be tied
argument or piece of writing the substance
to Internet sites that provide source
〇/ a speec/i讲话的要旨
material, study exercises, and relevant news
④ 根据 The commission’s report gives subs
articles to aid in learning.
tance to these allegatimn 娄资会的孤 告为这
译文：几乎所有的大学课文和许多初高中课本
些说法提供了事实根据。
都将联网- 那些网址会提供学习材料、练习、相
关的新闻报道以促进学习 substantial /sabstaenjal/
a. ①considerable in importance, value, degree,
simultaneous /.simarteimes/ amount, or extent 大置的 substantial reasons
【助记】simul (相同）+taneous—►相同时间发生的一► 同 充 足 的 理 由 众 切 似 pface aw order
时的 substantial amount on this item. A 方将 T
a. happening at the same time 同 时 发 生 的 订单大量订购这项产品
There will be a simultaneous broadcast of ② solidly built; strong 牢固的 The house is
4game on 7Y cmd mdio. 比赛将同时在电 substmitiul to last a hundred years.达後房
视和广播中进行转播 子非常坚实，足够使用一百年。
【派生】simultaneously a i 同时发生地 ③ 实质的 substanticd ?nodificat.ion 实质性的
修改
impractical /im'praektikai/
a. 不现实的，不 切 实 际 的 Pe仏r 徽1，$ a /ootofo synthetic /sin'Betik/
man， full of impractical plans•彼特是一个 a•①合成的 t 人造的 The scientists plan to make
蠢人，满脑子都是不切实际的想法 synthetic genes and reassemble them to
new;印ectes. 科学家计划合成基因后将
〇bvi〇US /Dbvias/
其重组以产生新物种
【助记】ob(near)+vi(道路）+ous—►雜近路边，容易ft
② 虚 假 的 句 虚 情 假 意
见->明显的
a. easily perceived or understood; apparent 明显 synthesis /'smeisis/
的 “ ims obvioi/5 //wiZ k 欲is drawfc. 很明 【助记】syn(together)+thesis(放）— 放在一起―综
显他醉了。 合，合成
n. ① sth. that is made by combining different
spontaneous /spon'teimas/
things ^ Their beliefs are a synthesis of
【助记】sponta(发自内心的）+neous->fl发的
Eastern and Western religions, 们的信仰是
a.① done or said in a natural and often sudden
东西方宗教的综合体。
way and without a lot of thought or planning
化学中的)合成 weed some swn/i分
自 发 的 ，无意 识 的 //e a
for the synthesis of vitamin D which takes
OjQfer 〇/ 他主动提供帮助
p/ace in sfci/?,.人需要阳光才能在皮肤里合
②天真率直的 a spontaneous personality 天
成维生素D 。
真的个性
【派生】synthesize v.用合成法制造；合成
substance /'sAbstsns/
crude /kru:d/
【助记】sub(under)+stan(站）+ce— 立于表象•之下的
a. ①offensive or rude, esp. in a sexual way 粗
东西一► 实质
鲁的 Don’t make such crude jokes.不要开这
n .①物质 Celery contains a valuable chemical
些粗俗的玩笑。
substance that helps lower blood pressure.
②being in an unrefined or natural state 天然
芹菜里含有一种宝贵的能帮助降低血压的化学
• 29 •的 The crude oil needs processing further ②to sentence 判…刑 //e 从似 corwtemned《〇
如如为从原油须经过进一步加工才能成为燃料。 death for murder and later hanged.他因凶
③not carefully or skillfully made; rough 粗糙 杀罪被判处死刑，后被绞死。
的 m/cte sfc祝c/z/drcmjin分粗略的草图
reproach /nprsutj/
raw /r〇：/ 【助记】re(again)+proach(靠近）一► 一再向前靠近一►
a. ① being in a natural condition; not processed 责备
or refined; not cooked自然状态的,原料状态的; vt. to blame or criticize sb. in a way that
生的，未煮过的 CboZ cmd oiZ are shows you are disappointed but not angry 责
raw materials for the manufacture of 备 She reproached me for my lack of foresight.
p/asrtcs.煤和石油是塑料制品的重要原料2 // 她责备我缺乏先见之明。
raw fish t 氣 /!.责备cziowf)巧/ond reproadi无可非议地，出色地
② (数据等）未经分析的rail； dato原始数据
rebuke /ri_bju:k/
③ inexperienced or untrained 生疏无知的，未经
/i. 谴责，指责，斥责 He received a stem rebuke
训练的 7?祕 new;切oc/ier is ven/ capabte
/rom fcis superior.他受到上司的严历■斥责。
对iW a 6“ r a m 这位新教师很能千，但是
v/. to criticize sb. sharply 谴责，指责，斥责吻 toss
还缺少点经验。
rebuked me for my habitual carelessness in
④ 露肉而刺痛的a raw; 露肉而刺痛的
我的上司责备我工作上一贯粗心。
伤口
【短语】in the raw处在自然状态的；裸体的Some imaginary /imsedjinari/
nameless Indian tribes are living in the raw. a. not real；existing only in your mind or imagina-
一些不知名的印第安部落过着未开化的生活。 tion想象中的，虚构的77祕 main eftarac於rs m
the novel are very true to life} but most of
defect /di'fekt/
are imaflfinaTT/ . 兑里的人物写得栩栩如
【助记】de(away)+fect(做)一*•没做好—缺点
生，但大多是虚构的，
n. an imperfection that causes inadequacy or
【派生】imagination /!•想象(力）；空想
failure;a shortcoming 缺点 a hearing defect
听力故袼 //1 think there are still lots of defects imaginative /imaedinativ/
3
m our edwafionaZ system. 我认为我们的教 a. having or showing an ability to think of new
育体制还有很多弊病。 and interesting ideas 富有想象力的 77祕幻:am-
v i.叛变 A number of musicians defected from iner was looking for imaginative answers.
the Soviet Union to the West in the 1960s. 主考人希望找到具有丰富想象力的答卷。
20世纪60年代，一 些音乐家背叛了苏联投奔到 【派生】imaginable a•想象得到的
西方。 — 1 ■ ...... '
【一言辨异】imaginary, imaginative
flaw /fi〇：/ Anything imaginary is the products of an
n. a small fault or weakness；a small physical imaginative person’s mind.任何處构的东西都
problem that makes sth. less valuable 缺点， V- 是 --- 有 --- 想 -- 象 --- 力 -- 的 --- 人 -- 的 --- 思 -- 想 --- 产 -- 物 -- c - , --------------------- 刀
瑕爾同defect】77紹JZaw; in认私rose maA從
devise /di’vaiz/
it less valuable.这个花瓶因为有点瑕夜，不那
【助记】de(away)+vi(路）
么值钱了。
不走寻常路—发明
condemn /kan'dem/ vt. to invent or plan (sth.
vt. ①to express strong disapproval of;criticize that is difficult or
谴责 Adding erotic contents in children’s complicated)发明，策
websites should be seriously condemned.在 划 She devised a
儿童网站加栽色情内容应受到严厉的谴责。 method for quicker — —
• 30 •communications between offices.她发明了一 theoretical /Oiaretikal/
种加快办公室之间交流的办法。 a .理论I上)的 This boo/c is too theoretical I need
a wacKcoZ cme.这本书理论性太强，我需要一
device /di'vais/
本实用的。
w• ①装置【同 apparatus】/ //说d a device
【派生】theory /?• 理论;学说；意见
to my bike which improves the speed.我在
我的自行车上装了一个提高速度的装置> accordingly /a'koidiQii/
② a plan or scheme for accomplishing sth. ① 相应地 ffeose iw/orm 〇/
策略 Silence is a device to avoid disputes. and we will act accordingly.请把你们的決定
沉默是避免争吵的一个策略 通知我们，我们会照着去办。
【短语】leave to one’s own devices听任…自便/ ② 所以【同therefore】77祕
just gave her a bT'ush and paints， and left suddenly, and accordingly we must put off
her to her own devices. A 尸、给了 地一义画毛 ffee /〇〇沩a// 天气突变，因此我们不得不
和一些顏料，就让她自己发挥了。 推迟足球比赛
专四真题
accordance /9'k〇：dans/
Devices like Kindle make reading more /i. in a way that fulfils or agrees with —iSi The
convenient and are a lot more environmentally skill of commercial negotiations is not
friendly than the traditional paper book. always in accordance with textbooks. 商务
译文：像Kindle这类设备使得阅读比起在传统 谈判的技巧不总是和教科书上的一样。
纸张上进行的阅读更为方便，也环保得多 【短语】in accordance with与---致
ingenious /in'djiinies/ accord /8'k〇：d/
a.①cleverly and originally devised 设计独特的 【助记】ac(to)+cord(心）一►使双方都称心一► 一致
an ingenious device 精巧的裝 1 /I. ©agreement; harmony — Sr Their views wei'e
②very smart or clever 灵巧的 An /cmnd to accord. 人们发现他们
ictea s从dden/y upon me 我突然想到了 的意见是完全一致的。
一个绝妙的主意。 (2)a settlement or compromise between con-
【派生】ingenuity /丨.心 灵 手 巧 ；独创性 flicting parties 协议 77i€ 加;〇 cowr^ri挞
an accord.两国签订了一项协议。
create /kri.eit/
vi to match or agree with sth.(〜wWi)相符合
vt. 0 to bring sth. into being; or to produce through opinicm accorcted 执mine.他的意见与我的
artistic or imaginative effort 创造 Som^
一致〇
the universe was created by a big explosion.
vt, to give sb. or sth. special attention or a par-
有些人认为宇宙是由于大爆炸而形成的。// A
ticular type of treatment 授予，给予阶
novelist creates characters and a plot 小说
分 importance to edwca“(m. 我们对教育
家塑造人物并设计作品的情节：
给予高度重视。
②to give rise to 引起 It’s bound to create 【短语】of one’s own accord出于自 愿// with
《rowfcte sooner or ta如••迟早注定要引起麻烦
one accord —致地 // in accord with 与---
的。 致 The two sides are completely in accord
【派生】creation 创造；作品// creator /!•创造者
with each other on this matter.双方在这个
// creature /!•创 造 物 ；生物 问题上意见完全一致。
creative /kri’eitiv/ sense /sens/
a• 有创造力的Afoctera /i. ① 官 能 ，感 觉 //e /las a 分ood sen從 〇/
importance to cultivating a new creative 他的嗅觉很灵敏^
gewemrtow.现代教育非常重视培育有创造力的 ② 意味，意思 Man?/ /iave more 执an
新一代。 〇狀serose.许多词有不止一个义项。
I派生】creativity w• 创造力，创造 ③ 意识，直觉 77祕 aj^air r/ie 执
• 31 •a seme of complete helplessness.整个事情让 penicitfiw.我对青霉素有过敏反应。
我产生完全无助的感觉 【派生】allergic 〇•过敏性的
④判筋力 You should have had the sense to
turn off the electricity before touching the infect /infekt/
郎.你本该懂得在触摸电线之前先切断电源 【助记】in+fect(make)~►向内部扩散一>影响；感染
w. to become aware of; perceive 感知，理会 //e vt. 0 to give sb. a disease 传染 /n Mdicr, more
sensed that his proposals were unwelcome. than 5.7 million people are infected with
他觉得他的建议不受欢迎 A/DS.在印度，有570多万人感染了艾滋病
【短语】in a sense从架种怠义上说// out of one’s ②to make sb. share a particular feeling 感
senses心智不健令的// make sense有意义 染，彩晌 Mary’s high spirits infected all the
分irte in doss. 玛丽振奋的蜻神感染了班上
Don't waste time in the nonsense. Please
ma/ce s⑼從. 别浪费时间尽说废话，说话请言之 所有的女孩子。
【派生】infection /I•感染；影响// infectious a•传
有理。
【派生】senseless a• 尤意义的；无感觉的 染的；有感染力的
sensible /sensabl/ disinfect /.dism'fekt/
a . ①reasonable 明智的 // is s隱s/We 〇/ /〇 【助记】dis (away)+infect (感染)一*•去除感染一> 消#
stay at home in such a raining evening. 杀菌(消毒）77犯欲mnrf n從ds to be
在这样下雨的夜晚她待在家里是明智的。 伤口需要消毒。
②having a perception of sth. 察 觉 的 价 幻 【派生】disinfectant仏消毒的n•消毒剂
sensible of the dange7* of his position.他反
觉他处境危险 epidemic /.epi'demik/
【派生】sensibility //• 敏感性；感情 // insensibility 【助记】epi (among)+dem (人们）+ic—在人们中间盛
无知觉；冷淡 行的—流传极广的
//.①流行病 Doctors warn that a flu epidemic
sensitive /sensitiv/
may ow 医生警告说可能要发生
a . 丨敏感的；灵敏度高的a sens?:以i;e isswe敏感的问
流感。
题 II Photographic paper is highly sensitive to
②流传 When tennis became a fashion， there
/句似. 感光纸（相纸）对光十分敏感
was an epidemic of white socks and canvas
② 神经过敏的，容易生5 的Be/inrfa私
sfeoe.当网球运动成为一种时尚时，白色短抹和帆
吣 fever peopte spea/c 〇/ •贝琳达对别
布运动鞋也流行起来
人谈到她的任何事情都很敏感
a. widely prevalent流传极广的份/如/1 分分oocte cm
③ （尤对疼痛）易感受的，易受伤害的a
the installment plan has become epidemic
five skin 馬受伤的故成 // be sensitive to
in recewf 2/ears.近几年来，用分期付款的办法
coM对寒冷敏感的
购物十分流行
【派生】sensitivity n• 敏感性，灵 敏 度 // insensitive
仏不顾他人感受的;无知觉的；感觉迟钝的
contagious /kanteid3as/
efficient /I'fij ant/ a ,① able to be passed from one person or
a. capable of producing desired results without animal to another by touching (接触）传染的
wasting materials，time, or energy 效率高的 It's a highly contagious infection^ so don’t
【反 inefficient】 rmma分ernewf 私 〇狀 let anyone else use your towel.这种病板馬
of the factors which will lower production 传染，所以别让任何人用你的毛巾
cos/.高效的管理是降低生产成本的因素之一： ②（情绪等）有感染力的【同infectious】
【派生】efficiency 效率 is so contagious as enthusiasm.热情是最富
有感染力的
allergy /*aei d i/
0 3
/i•(因食物等引起的）过敏症/ /wive cm crtter仍/ to
• 32 •【辨析】表示“传染”的形容词 mates吣 你 所 说 的 仅 仅 是 接 近 事
infectious:指病菌通过空气、食 物 、水等物的间接 实真相。
传染 (2) to calculate the almost exact value or po
contagious:—般指跟病人直接接触而感染的病 sition of The cost of the pivject will approx-
V -■■■ — ■ - - - ^
ima/e 这个项目的成本大约为1 万美金
widespread /*waidspred/
accidental /.aeksi'dental/
【助记】wide(宽广的）+spread(传播，分布)一► 分布广
【助记】accident(/i•事故）的形容词
的
a.意外的 Their accidental meeting led to a
cr.分布广的，普遍的 77iere is a
〇/ 偶然的相遇使
that the company is in financial trouble.
他们再续前缘：
很多人认为该公司财务陷入困境
accurate ，aekj urat/
virus /'vaiaras/
【助记】ac (to) +cur (注意）+ate—► 高度注怠，确保“梢
/i.病毒；病毒性疾病 The child was infected with
确的”
the AIDS virus. 这个小孩感染了艾滋病毒
a .① free from mistakes or errors 正确无误的
absolute /'aebsaluit/ Are you sure that your clock is accurate?
【助记】ab (away) +solute (松开）一►解开的—*不受约 你确定你的钟走时准吗？
②精确的【同 exact】 Jotmia/iste are wo/ fltoa沒s
束的
仏 ①complete and total 绝对的 77 accurate in wkaf they irnite.新闻工作者的
报道并非总是准确的。
lute standard for beaufy.羑是没有绝对标准的
【派生】accuracy /I•准确（性）
②not limited by restrictions or exceptions 不
受 任 何 限 制 的 化 /r從 无 限 的 omit /au'mit/
自由/权力 // He has absolute authority to
【助记】o(away)+mit(送）一>把琐碎的细节放走—畨
Zoo/c i n t o m a W e r . 他完全有权调查此事
略
【派生】absolutely似/•绝对地；完全地
vt. to fail to include or mention; leave out 省略；
roughly " Afii/ 遗 漏 o?m7 cm yVorn a 从目录中略
去一增 // Tell us everything that occurred.
tw/•① in a way that is not gentle or careful 粗
DcmY an" cteZai/.告诉我们所发生的一
鲁地 Alan chopped the cat roughly to the
切，不要漏掉任何细节。
Jtoor.阿伦粗暴地把猫摔到地上
② not exactly but close in number, quality,
【派生】omission w•省略；遗漏
meaning, etc.太概，大约 He ?，oughly outlined
incidentally /.insidentaii/
⑽ p/o/ 〇/你^ opera.他粗略地概述了歌剧的 【助记】incidental(偶然的）+ly—顺便提一句
情 节 II The company employs men and £w/.顺便提一句 /ncicten沾//从 yowr proposo/
women in roughly equal proportions.公司
be open to the discussion at the meeting.
聘用的男员工与女员工人数大致相等： 顺便提一句，你的建议将在会议上进行讨论。
approximate /eproksimat/ eventual /iVentjuei/
【助记】ap(to)+proxim(最 a. coming or happening at a later time 最后的，
接近的）+ate —接近 最终的 His foolish behavior led to his eventucU
的一^近似的 /ai/wre. 他的愚蠢行为导致了他最后的失敗
a. almost correct or 【派生】eventuality /I•可能出现的结果
exact,close in value
pursue /pssju：/
or amount but not precise 近似的 Whai is
【助记】pur(向前）+sue(跟随)一►跟随前进-♦ 追赶
the approximate size of this room ?这间屋
v/•① to proceed along the course of 继续 S/w?
子大概有多大？
decided to pursue her studies aftei' obtain-
v. ① to come close to 接近 Fcmr appro:ri-
ing her bachelor’s deg7ee.
， 地決:定在获得学士
• 33 •学位之后继续深造。 ③ to employ 雇阶 a to
©to follow in an effort to overtake or capture; owr case court. 我们必须聘请
chase 追赶 77纪 律师出庭为我们辩护。
vehicle along the motorway.聲察彺高速公路 ④ to pledge or promise, esp. to marry 使订
上追赶被盗的车辆。 婚 Tom is engaged to Anne.汤姆已与安说订
③to strive to gain or accomplish 追 求 价 抑 - 婚。
one has the freedom to pursue their vi.从事千 I have never engaged in drug traffick-
dreams. 每个人都有追求各自梦想的自由 ir吵我从来没有从事过販毒。
【派生】engaged ^ 已订婚的；忙的，被占用的；预订
pursuit /pa'sjuit/
的 // engagement w.订婚；约会
① 追求 The pursuit of profit was the main
reason / o r 做出这些改变主要是 indulge nridMdz/
为了追求利润。 【助记】in(towards)+dulge(温和的）一>对孩子过于
② 追赶 He was captured without muck pu- 温和地对待—纵容
rsw认没有经过多少追捕就把他捉住了 ^ vt. (Dto allow (yourself) to have or do sth. as a
③[ 常〆】嗜好 2/our/aroWte 以？ special pleasure 使 沉 溺 于 //6 71〇/〇?1^7，和-
你的爱好是什么？ dulged himself in smoking.他不再过良吸烟 了。
【短 语 】in pursuit of 追 踪 ，追求 // in hot pursuit (Dto allow (sb.) to have or do sth. even though
穷追不舍 The pop stars ran from the theatre it may not be proper, healthy, appropriate, etc.
to their car， with dozens of fans in hot 臥容 The mother indulges her children too
认那几位明星从剧场出来直奔自己的汽 rm/dz•这位妈妈对她的孩子太放任了。
车，而数十名歌迷则在他们身后紧追不舍 v/. I〜 in、沉溺 The bitter taste of disappointed
love made him indulge in his own day-
theft /0eft/
dmims•苦涩的失恋滋味使他成天沉浸在自己
n. the unlawful taking of the property of anoth-
编织的白日梦之中。
er 偷窃、失窃 I reported the theft of my
【派生】indulgence /I•放纵;爱好;特赦// indulgent
to如 pottce•我向警察报告钱包被盗了。
亿纵容的
【归类卡片】"犯罪”种种
action /aekjan/
robbery 抢劫 murder 谋杀
n•①行动 To occupy the market of E-business
burglary入室偷窃 car theft偷车
in Cfeiwa, rapid action is n^ded. 要占领中
terrorism恐怖主义 shopHfting顺手牵羊
国的电子商务市场，就要迅速行动。
burglar /b3：gie/ ② 作用 772€ 〇/ sa/f on ice causes “
to me仏盐作用于冰而使其融化。
n•窃败 He said I should have more adequate
protection than a burglar alarm .他说我应 ③ 情节 In Scene 1， the action takes place
该加强保护措施，而不能只依赖一个防盗警铃。 in an expensive restaurant.在第一个场景
【派生】burglary «• 夜盗行为，盜窃 中，故事情节在一家昂贵的餐厅展开。
【短 语 】out of action不起作用，不运转77沿 TMacfoir泌
engage /in'geid3/ is 〇/ action.这台机器出了故障。
【助记】en(in)+gage(保证)一► 保证会去做—从事于 【派生】inaction /!•不活跃，懒散
v/.①to attract and hold the attention of 吸引，占
decisive /disaisiv/
用 The new toy didn’t engage the child’s in-
仏rest/or ton分.这个新玩具对孩子的吸引力没 a. ①determining what the result of sth. will be
有维持多久。 决定性的 Waterloo was the decisive battle of
②to involve oneself or become occupied (- imr. 滑铁卢一役左右了整个战局。
//I)使从事，使参与【同occupy】 Do 欲m H o ②able to make choices quickly and confidently
en分aged in ponies or 你想从政还 坚定的 4 person is n^cted to ctea/
仇 加 应 付 这 一 局 面 需 要 一 个 坚
是从商？
• 34 •决果断的人。
【辨析】表示“说服”的动词
【派生】indecisive a.犹豫不决的；非决定性的 convince:着重指“用事实和证据使对方信服”
persuade:着重指“通过劝说使对方同意做或不
determination /di,t3：mineijan/
做某事”，一般不用于“使某人相信”
【助记】de(down)+termin(边界）+ation—► 在心里定 ^------------------------------------------------------^
下边界— 决心 involve /inVolv/
•① firmness of purpose; resolution 决心，决定 【助记】in(into)+volve(卷)— 使卷人；牵涉
Determination is one of the factors in v/•① to include sth. as a part Inventions
a person’s success.决心先一个k A 功的要素 typically involve minor improvements in ie-
之 一 。 发明创造往往包括技术上的小改进。
②the act of finding the exact level, amount, (Dto cause sb. to become connected or con-
or causes of sth.确 定 ，测定 a ceme6 使卷入 I hate to get involved in other
of the ship’s longitude测定船只所处的经& peopte’s 我讨厌参与别人的争吵。
// determination of the cause of death 死亡 ③to ask or allow sb. to take part in sth•涉
原因的确定 及，使 参 与 to involve as many children
as possible in the game.尽量让多些r孩子参
defensive /difensiv/
与游戏。
a .①protective防御性 的 cte/e似 似 防 御
【派生】involved a•复 杂 的 ；有关的
性武器
② protecting oneself from criticism, exposure Concern /kan’S3:n/
of one’s shortcomings, etc.自 卫 的 ，时刻防备 【助记】con(—起 )+cem(分离)一► 把分开的东西联系
的 There’s no need to be so defensive; I just 起来一> 关系
asked how old you a re !你不必这么大戒心， /i. ①关切的事 a 〇/ concern
我只是问你多大年龄！ 关系重大的事，头等大事
【派 生 】defensible a•可防御的；能 辩 护 的 // indefen- ② 关心，担心 77wmfc5/or你右concern.让您费
siblea.无法防御的；无法辩护的 心了，谢谢。
③ 关系 ， 关 联 於 concern is it of yours?
defendant /defendant/
此事与你何干？
【助记】de(down)+fend(打击）+ant—► 原告想打倒的 ④ 公司a 分 concern生意兴隆的公司
一方—被告 v/.① to have to do with or relate to 有关于
w• 被告/ n 《以 cte/⑽ //從 Where money is concerned, I always try to
qing is accused of committing bribery. ^ be care/w/.在有关钱的问题上，我总是尽量小心
告人胡长清在审判中被指控犯有受贿罪。 僅慎。
【派生】defender/I•保 卫 者 ；辩护人 ②to be of interest or importance to 使关心
More and more people are concerning
demanding /di'ma:ndiry
themselves with environmental problems.越
a. requiring much effort or attention 要求高的，
来越多的人关心起环境问题。
费力（心）的 TTte work is physically demand-
【短 语 】as/so far as... be concerned 就 …而言 As
加分.这工作需要有很好的体力〇
far as Fm concerned, the whole idea is crazy.
convince /kan'vins/ 在我看来，这一想法十分荒唐3
【助记】con+vince(征服)— 使信服 concerning /kan’s3:ni〇/
v/. to cause sb. to believe sth. by the use of
prep, in reference to 关于 What do you know
argument or evidence 使确信，使信服 /fe/ina%
仇幻？关于这事你知道些什么？
〇/ 他终于使我
们相信他是清白的。 dependent /di pendant/
【派生】convincing a•有说服力的 a. ®r6quiring the aid of another (〜0/1, upon) fife
• 35 •靠的 You can’t be dependent on your parents 的人很多。
⑽ 2/owrZi/e. 你不可能一辈子靠父母生活 ③拍理 Now that the patient is out of danger,
② determined, influenced, or controlled by the doctor is no longer in attendance.既然
sth. else 取决于…的 Despite technical progress， 病人已经脱离险境，医生就不在身边护理他了
food production is still completely depen-
attendant /a'tendant/
o n 欲?a说er.尽管技术进步了，食物生产
n .服务人员a 切 扮 客 机 上 的 乘 务 员
仍然完全取决于天气
a. accompanying or following as a result 随之
【派生】dependence /I•依靠；相信 // interdependent
而产生的 One of the attendant difficulties
a.互相依赖的，互相依存的
i占 o/ste印.随之而来的困难之一是睡眠不足
independent /.indipendent/
assist /a'sist/
【助记】in (not)+depend (依雕）+ent—独立的
【助记】as(to)+sist(站立）— 站在旁边，可随时出手
a .①self-reliant，self-supporting; self-governing 独
“相助”
iLtfy He is economically independent.他在
V. to give help to, esp. as a subordinate or
经济上是独立的 // Many colonies became
supplement ^5 Sft Usually there would be a
independent 7iations in the 1950’s.许多值
group of nurses assisting the doctor in
民地在20世纪50年代成了独立国家
performing the surgerj/.医生做外科手木时通
② 无偏见的，中立的cm
常会有一组护士协助// They asked her to
无偏见的证人
assist with thei7* children.他们请地帮助照料
③ 不相关连的a ctecisiow 〇/⑽
孩子。
owtomie 〇/ s加办与研究结果无关的决定
n•帮助 He gave me an assist with the kouse-
【派生】independence w• 独立，自主
w;orfc.他帮我做了点家务，
【派生】assistance /i• 帮助，援助
rely /n'lai/
vL ① to be dependent for support, help, or
aid /eid/
supply (〜ow, upon)依靠 British weather can
n.①救助 The family
never be relied upon—it’s always changing.
has lived on gov
英国的天气从来都靠不住—— 它在不停地变。
ernment aid for two
②to place or have faith or confidence 信赖
years. 两年来这家人
You can rely on me to keep your secret.你 就靠政府的救济生活。
尽管相信我一定为你保密。
② 辅 助 物 aids
【派生】reliance w. 依靠
视觉辅助器
V/. to provide what is
reliable /ri'iaiabi/
useful or necessary 援助 切说分〇 如 aid
a. dependable 可靠的 Jo/m is i/
"tose mr名 他 要 去 援 助 那 些 地
he says he'll do something he will do it .约
震受害者。
翰非常可靠，他说过要做的事就一定会做
【派生】reliability /!• 可靠(性) secure /si*kju9/
a•① free from risk of loss; safe 安全的汾印
attendance /atendans/
your money in a secure place.把钱存放在
【助记】attend(v• 参加）的
安全可靠的地方。
名词
② 牢 固 的 ，稳 固 的 C7论c/c你 are
/?• ① 出 席 人 数 cr poor
secure and the wood is somid.检查接头 A 否
attendance 7，ecord (孝
牢固，木头是否完好//a secure —份稳定
生）糟糕的出勤记录
的工作
②参加There was a
③ 无 忧 虑 的 one’s mind secure放心
large attendance at
vt. ®to get possession of; acquire 得至ij Can
the party.餐加策会
• 36 •you secure me two tickets f〇7m the concert? vi. ®to live in a place permanently or for an
你能为我弄到两张音乐会门票吗？ extended period 居住，定居 /fe feos resisted
② to guard from danger or risk of loss 使安 2/ears.他在国外居住了多年，
全 Our missiles and bombers secure us ②to exist or be present (〜/w)(性质等）存在
/rom 我们的导弹和轰炸机保卫我们免 Memoi'y has been shown to reside in some
遭攻击。 •.已经证实，记忆存在于某些金属中
③ to fasten 缚牢 S/祕 secured 狄€ 6oal 执 【派生】residence w.住处；居住
a rope. 她用绳子把船检住了
dwell /dwel/
【派生】security H•安全;抵押品；㈣ •】证券
vi\ literary to live in a particular place 居 住 呢
protection /pra'tekjan/ dwell in the cowitry but work in the city.
【助 记 】pro(before)+tect(掩盖〉+ion—► 在前面掩盖_► 我们住在乡下，但在城里工作a
保护 【短语】dwell on/upon老是想着，tip述 <)敗owes
n.保护 Our medical insurance offers protection be bygones. Don't dwell on the past too
for the whole family in the event of illness. mwc/i.让过去的事情过去吧，不要沉湎于过去
我们的医疗保险可为任何家庭成员在生病的情 【派生】dweller /!• 居民，居住者// dwelling /!•住宅
况下提供保障。
【派生】protective a•保 护 的 ；保护贸易的
shelter /jeita/
n. ①掩蔽处 a shelter for the homeless 无家可
归者的收容所
② 住所 Food^ clothing and shelter are aU basic
necessities of life .衣、食、住所是支活的& ‘
必需品。
【助记】mono(单独)+poly(卖)一►垄断，专卖
③ 掩蔽 Don’t take shelter from the rain un
n .①垄断monopoly enterprise垄断企业
der a tree when there is thunder and light-
②垄断商品 /w many tobacco is a
wi/设.有雷电时不要在树下避雨。
众 在 许 多 国 家 ，烟草是
v/. to provide cover or protection for 掩蔽，庇护
政府的垄断商品。
You can’t shelter your brother from blame
【派生】monopolise/-ize v• 垄断，独占
in細 accident你不可以成护你的兄弟、使其免
受事故的责难。 monotonous /manotanas/
【助记】mono(单个)+ton(声音)+ous—►— 个声音的—
resident (rezidant/
单调的
n.①居民 It is reported that rats outnumber
a. tediously repetitious or lacking in variety 单调
?，esidents in New York by 9 to 1 .据抵道，组
的，枯燥的 He spoilt the poem by reading it
约的老鼠的数量是其居民的9 倍。
in a monotonow^ wice. 他单调的朗读糟蹋了
②住院医生 residewf 神经
这首诗a
外科住院医师
a. ①居住的 I’ve been resident in this kotel for route /ru:V
/iye 2/ears.我住在这家旅馆5 年了。 rt.路线，路 程 7Ms is the shortest route from
②住校的，住 院 的 doctor/sfwde⑹住院 Boston to New York.达是从波士顿到纽约的
医生/住校学生 最短路线。
【派生】residential a•住 宅 的 ；与居住有关的
retail /ri'teil/ v. /*fi:texl/ tu/ad.
reside /nzaid/ 【助记】re(back)+tail(切割）— 割成小块卖—零售
【助 记 】re(back)+side(坐）一► 返回坐下，不再离开— v. to sell in small quantities directly to consu-
定居 mers 零售 77论從 sfeoes retoiZ a/ 这些鞋
• 37 •的零售价为每双1Q失元。 // the difficulties in sum is _
7利aiW/i众认e new; proctocfe零售新产品的困难 n. ①总数 The sum of 3 and 4 is 7. 3 和 4 之
n .零售【反wholesale】a retoiZ r/iercfta加零售商 和是7。
ad.零售 Many big department stcn，es profit ② 金额 Bill wants to spend a large sum on
from buying wholesale and selling retail. modemi之 如 分 /arm. 比尔打算花一大笔钱
许多大型百货商场整买零卖从中获利。 使农场适应现代化的需要。
【派生】retailer /I•零售商 ③ 算 术 good扮 sims长于算术
vi•共计 We should sum up the costs of production.
comb /kaum/
我们应当计算出生产成本。
w. 梳子 sma/Z-too/A 细齿梳
【短语】in s u m 总而言之// sum u p 总结，概括
v/. to search thoroughly; look through 彻底搜查
He combed through the files searching for overtime /'auvataim/
evirfewce o//mwd 他详查档案，寻找欺诈行为 n, ①起时工怍 Assembly workers were striking
的证据。 for all improvement in their overtime earn-
ir设s.流水线上的工人们正为提高超时工作的工
coarse /k〇：s/
资而罢工。
【助记】原材料在加工过程(course)中从粗植(coarse)
②加班费 They pay £58 a day plus overt-
变精致
i m e 报酬为每天58英镑，外加加班费。
① 粗 糙 的 sfcin was coarse from years of
ad•加班 There are a few people woT'king overt-
cmWoors.由于常年在户外工作，他的
iwie.有些人正在加班。
皮肤很粗糙。
discontent /.diskan'tent/
ming a coarse imitation of President Bush. 【助记】（118(11〇1；)+(；01^61^(满意)—不满
一位滑稽说笑的喜剧演员正粗劣地模仿布什总统。 w. dissatisfaction不满，不满足77奶，合忉仿^ 肌2^-
③粗俗的【同vulgar】 coarse为b 粗俗的笑话 rrturs of discontent from the workforce.工
人不满，颇有微词。
vulgar Mig©/
【派生】contented a• 满意的，知足的
仏粗野的；粗 俗 的 into cm^’s mow执
with a knife is considered a vulgar act in disregard /.disrigaid/
按英国规矩，用餐刀将食物送入口中算 【助记】dis(not)+re(— 再)+gard(留意)一►不再留意—
是失仪。 漠视
vt. to ignore or treat as unimportant il He
专四真题
utterly disregarded my warnings and met
We should, therefore, learn to choose our
an cuxicteni.他全然不听我的警告，结果
words carefully and use them accurately, or
出了事故3
they will make our speech or writing silly
n.漢视 She shows a total disregard for other
and vulgar.
people’s feelings.她丝毫不顾反别人的感受)
译文：因此，我们应该学会审慎选词并准确地运
用，否则就会使我们言词无聊而又粗俗难听。 disorder /dis'oid©/
【助记】dis(not)+order(秩序)一>无秩序一► 混乱
summarize /sAmeraiz/
n. ①混乱，凌乱 The room is in disorder. It's
【助记】summ(总）+ar+ize—►总结
to以办“以P.房间很乱，该收拾一下了。
此 to tell again using fewer words 概括，总结 y
②骚 舌L 77^ scarwto/ sodal
wrote a letter summarizing the main points
disorder in Iraq when it was revealed by
/uid diseased. 我写了 一封信，总结了我们
pr郎s.虐俘丑闻被媒体披露后在伊拉克引起了社
讨论的要点。
会骚乱:，
【派生】summary /!• 摘 要 a.简明的 ③( 身心、机能的)失调a disorder 〇/ cZ切esiive
• 38 •句/5仏m 消化系统失调 格检查。
【派生】physicist n•物理学家
abnormal /aebnoimsl/
【助记】ab(away)+normal(正常的)一► 反常的 ecology /I'kDiadji/
a. 反常的 El Nino has resulted in the abnor 【助记】eco(生态）+logy(学科)—生态学
mal weather in many parts of the wovld. n.①生态 When the ecology of a region is dis
厄尔尼诺现象已经导致世界很多地区气候反常c turbed， it takes years to return to normal.
如果一个地方的生态被破坏，往往要多年才能恢
physical /'fizikai/
复正常。
a. ① 身 体 的 体育锻炼
②生态学applied ecology应用支态孝
② 物 理 的 c/wm供物理变化
【派生】ecological a•生 态 的 // ecologist /!•生态
③ 物质的你e 物质世界
学家
n. 体检Bob failed his physical.鲍勃没有通过体
• 39 •典型考题精练
1. You must insist that students give a truthful answer______ with the reality of their world.
A. relevant B. simultaneous C. consistent D. practical
2. The hopes, goals, fears and desires widely_____between men and women, between the rich and
the poor.
A. alter B. shift C. transfer D. vary
3. Topics for composition should be ______ to the experiences and interests of the students.
A. concerned B. dependent C. connecting D. relevant
4. Obviously, the Chairman's remarks at the conference were ______ and not planned.
A. substantial B. spontaneous C. simultaneous D. synthetic
5. Petrol is refined from the ______ oil we take out of the ground.
A. crude B. fresh C. rude D. original
6. The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a ______ forgery.
A. man-made B. natural C. crude D. real
7. We have had to raise our prices because of the increase in the cost of______ materials.
A. primitive B. rough C. original D. raw
8. His ideas are invariably condemned as ______ by his colleagues.
A. imaginative B. ingenious C. impractical D. theoretical
9. First, we need to find out what, his scheme is, and then act ______.
A. sensitively B. imaginatively C. efficiently D. accordingly
10. The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they did ___.
A. absolutely B. accidentally C. accordingly D. accurately
11. Many people are ______ tx> insect bites, and some even have to go to hospital.
A. insensitive B. allergic C. sensible D. infected
12. I must leave now. ______, if you want that book FU bring it next time.
A. Accidentally B. Incidentally C. Eventually D. Naturally
13. The scientists have absolute freedom as to what research they think is best to ______.
A. engage . B. devote C. seek D. pursue
14. His ______ in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.
A. indulgence B. habit C. action D. engagement
15. In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick, ______ action.
A. determining B. defensive C. demanding D. decisive
16. Since they betrayed us, they have no hope of convincing us their sincerity.
A. with B. for C. in D. of
17. The job of a student accommodation officer______ a great many visits to landladies.
A. concerns B. offers C. asks D. involves
18. Teddy came to my with a cheque of $200 to pay my room rate, after I phoned him that
my wallet had been stolen.
A. attendance B. assistance C. rescue D. safety
19. The economic recession has meant that job ______ is a rare thing.
A. security B. safety C. protection D. secureness
20. It was an old empty hut that could offer a ______ for the night.
A. residence B. cover C. shelter D. protection
• 40 •@ 答案与译文
1. [C】你必须要求学生们给出一个真实的、与其所处世界的现实相符的答案。
2. [D]希望、目标、恐惧、愿望在男人与女人、穷人与富人之间是不同的
3. [D]作文題应该与学生的经历和兴趣相关。
4. [B]显然，主席在会上的讲话是即兴的，而不是事先准备的
5. [A]石油是由从地下提取的原油精炼而成的3
6. [C]前几天他在街市上买的油画是件拙劣的赝品。
7. [D]我们不得不提高价格，因为原材料的成本上升了
8. [C] 他的想法总是被同事们指为不切实际
9. [D1首先，我们得搞清楚他的计划是什么，然后再采取相应的行动
10. [C]老师让学生们待在教室里，他们照做了。
11. 丨B】很多人都对昆虫的叮咬过敏，有些人甚至还要上医院3
12. [B]我该走了。顺便提一句，如果你要那本书，我下次带来。
13. [D]那些科学家们在选择从事哪个项目的研究上拥有绝对的自由._
14. [A】他沉迷于賭博，最终导致了悲惨的下场。
15. [D1在始枓未及的困难面前，他迅速、果断地采取了行动。
16. [D]既然他们背叛了我们，就不可能再使我们相信他们的诚意。
17. 丨D ] 学生住宿管理员的工作涉及到要拜访很多的女房东。
18. [C]我打电话告诉泰迪我的钱包被偷后，他给了我一张200美元的支票帮我支付房租。
19. [A]经济衰退意味着穗定的工作是很少见的事。
20. [C】这间空的小屋可以供我们留宿一夜。
. 41 •mmm财
单词预习+返记
□basis □contradict □performance □noticeable □exclusion □underline
□basics □reform □skim □remark □exclusive □underlie
□element □counter □scan □insult □inclusive □utilize
□elementary □conflict □overlook □detail □eradicate □utility
□fundamental □confront □glimpse □comment □intense □premise
□principal □compete □glare □react □intensify □hypothesis
□principle □competitive □gleam □reaction □intensive □phenomenon
□cardinal □fierce □glitter □impress □concentrate □marvelous
□primary □capitalize □glow □grace □grave □dedicate
□prime □conference □glimmer □gracious □gravity □toast
□initial □participate □prominent □disgrace □solemn □memorial
□initiative □spectator □outstanding □comprehend □amount □memorise/-ize
□initiate □view □eminent □comprehensive □mount □wisdom
□necessarily □onlooker □excel □extend □exceed □wit
□necessity □audience □proficient □extent □exceedingly □organ
□protest □observe □conspicuous □extensive □excess □〇rganize/-ise
basis /beisis/ flrasp. 微积分的基础原理很难掌握。
n. the facts, ideas, or things from which sth. ®[pl.]\he forces that constitute the weather,
can be developed Sfflil A good scenario is esp. severe weather 自然力 77祕se irees are
尤如 〇/ a swccess/w/ movie —个好剧本 卿 osed to如 etemen仪这些树经受着风吹雨打。
是一部电影成功的基础。
elementary /.eiimentari/
【用法】复 数 为 bases。
【助记】element(基础）+ary—基本的
【派生】basically orf•基本上
a•① basic and simple 基本的 A:?w)2/;Z-
basics /beisiks/ edge基衣知识
n. the simplest and most important parts of ② 基 础 的 ，初 级 的 77祕 切 咖 so
sth.基本因素，基本原理，概要/ Earned elementary that he easily passed the test.
basics of first aid on a weekend course. 我 题目很简单，他轻而易举就通过了考试。
在一个周末班上学会了急救的基本知识。
fundamental /.fAndamental/
element /eiimant/ 【助记】fund(资金）+a+mental(精神的）一► 物质和精
n.①元素 Both hydrogen and oxygen are ele- 神是社会的根基一> 基本的
mente, zra/er私 氢 和 氧 都 是 化 学 元 a. relating to the most basic and important
素，但水不是a parts of sth.基本的【同 basic】77泌re are
② a particular part ofs th.成分 are fundamental differences between your outlook
the elements of a sentence.词是句子的组成部 ow f拆 arwf 我和你的人生观有着本质
分 0 # Is money an element of happiness? 的不同。
金钱是幸福的一个要素吗？ /I. (/?/.]the most important ideas, rules etc. that
③ [p/.Ithe most basic parts of a subject 基础， sth. is based upon 基本原则 〇/
原理 The elements of adculus are difficult, to the fundamentals of the trade is necessary.
• 42 •对本行业基本原则的了解是必要的 primary /praimari/
【助记】prim(第一，首要）+ary—►iii初的；首要的
专四真题
a•① first in rank or importance; principal 首要的
These all testify to the fundamental role
Laziness is the primary cause of our failure.
that movement plays in our lives.
懒惰是我们失敗的主要原因。
译文：这些都证明了音乐在我们生命中所发挥
©occurring first in time or sequence; earliest
的基本作用3
& 初的 The disease is still in its primary
sto供.疾病仍然在初发阶段
principal /pnnsipsi/
【助记】prin(第一,首要)+cip(取 取 “主要的” prime /praim/
亿 most important; main 主要的【同 chief】 CojQfee £r• ① 首要的【同primary】 Mnte於r 首相夕
咖_ 是巴西主要
Smoking is the prime cause of heart disease.
的出口产品。
抽烟是引发心脏病的首要原因
/i.①校长 the principal of a college f完长
②of the very best quality or kind 最好的加加分
② 资本，本金r印ay prin^pcr/ and 尤付
is the prime time for planting trees.春天是
还本金和利息
植树的最好时间。
③ 主兔 She was the principal in the ballet.
w.青 春 ；全盛 时 期 iw one’s 处于全盛时
她在这个芭蕾舞中担任主角。
斯 // He was a great pitcher once, but he’s
posZ办is 他是个很了不起的棒球投手，
principle /prinsipai/
但他的鼎盛时期已经过去了。
/i. ① the basic idea that a plan or system is
v/. to make ready; prepare 使准备好 祕 ims
based on 原贝ij I believe in the pjiriciple of
ready and primed for action.地已胸有成竹，
equal opportunity f〇7' everyone•我相信机会
跃跃欲试了。
人人均等这个基本原则。
②a moral rule that helps you know what is initial /inijal/
right and wrong and that influences your
【助记】in(into)+it(走）+ial—►刚走进去一► 开始的
actions基本信念，信 条 is
a. occurring at the beginning of sth. 开始的阶
principtes to Zie.撒谎违背我的准则。
have to admit that man's research into space
【短语】in principle原则上，大体上77⑷
is still in Us initial stage. A 们不得不承认,
OK in principle, but Vd like to know more
人类对宇宙的研究仍然处于初始阶段^
这项计划大体上好像是可以，但我想知
n•[常 pi.]首字母 This is a letter paper personalized
道更多的细节。
W i n 沾ate.这是一张有他姓名首字母的信纸
【派生】initially arf.最初，开头
cardinal /*ka：dinal/
a•① very important or basic 主要的,基本的 //cwin分 initiative /imjetiv/
dean hands is one of the cardinal rules when
/i. ®the power or ability to begin energetically
印arin^/ood. 做饭时最基本的规矩之一是要
with a plan or task 主动性 //e no尤 /iare
把手洗干净。
the initiative to start his own business.他
②深红的 She is wearing a cardinal sweater
没有自己创业的积极性。
today今天她穿了件鲜红的毛衣。
② 倡 议 如 inirtcr/i從带头，倡导/ 77祕peace
/i. 深红色；基数；红衣 主 教 77祕 a卻omted
initiative was welcomed by both sides•这項
two new cardinals this year.今年教t 新任
和平倡议受到了双方的欢迎。
命了两位红衣主教。
③ 主动权 In the negotiatioUf both sides attemr
【词源】源于拉丁语cardo"铰链”由于铰链对机 to setee 双方在谈割过程
器、门窗等所起的关键作用，因此cardinal最早就 中都试图争取主动权。
有“主要的”之义。在罗马天主教的教皇选举中，
专四真题
其结果取决于红衣主教，因此用cardinal来喻指
The machine would not be a passive
“红衣主教”。
• 43 •participant but would add its own 对，这一地区仍向旅游者开放。
suggestions, information, and opinions; it v. to express a strong objection to sth.抗 议 ，
would sometimes take the initiative in 反对 There was a large crowd in the
developing or changing the topic and would square， protesting (against) the war.广场上
have a personality of its own. 聚集了一大群反对这场战争的人。
译文：这种机器不会是被动的参与者，而是会提
contradict /.knntredikt/
出自己的建议、信息和意见；它有时会主动深入
【助记】contra(相反）+dict(说话)一►说相反的话—反
或改变话题，并且具有它自己的个性：
驳
initiate iiru\ ieit/ w•① to disagree with sth., esp. by saying that
v/•①to set going by taking the first step; begin the opposite is true It's difficult, to con-
开始 The small sparkle often initiates a fradief so蘭 o/ 祕 彬彬有礼地驳斥别人
large Jlame. S•火條玲、 是难以做到的。
② to introduce to a new field, skill, activity @to be contrary to; be inconsistent with 与…
etc.使 初 步 了 解 I shall initiate you into 发生矛盾 The two statements contradict each
our business methods.我将把我们的营业方 o汍er. 两种说法相互抵触
法介绍给你 【派生】contradiction w. 矛盾；否认 // contradictory
③ to admit sb. into membership 接纳 77紹 a. 对立 的 ；爱反驳別 人 的 // self-contradictory
club will initiate a new group of members cr. _ 相矛盾的
cm 该俱乐部将于星期二接纳一批新
reform /rif〇:m/
成员。
【助记】re(again)+form(形成)一>重新形成一► 改革
w. 新加入组织的人 These secrets arc known
v• ① to improve by alteration, correction of
only to a small group of initiates.只有小部
分新加入的成员知道这些内幕 error, etc.改 革 ，改良 pia似吣 ter
改革税收制度的计划
necessarily /nesiseriii/ ② to persuade sb. to give up harmful or
① 必要地 Kow ctowY feaye to 分〇. immoral practices 改 正 ， 改 过 自 新 try to
r^/b/7w, 设法使做坏事的人改过自
你不一定要去
M // You have had evei^y chance to reform.
② inevitably必 然 地 汾 以 办 &
你是一直有改过自新的机会的
difficult， but it pays off.耸习的达程必然 A
n. ①改革 t 改良 Tax reforms did not benefit
苦的，但果实却是甜的
middte ctew.s. 税制改革对中产阶级没有好处
【派生】unnecessary a•不需要的
②改 JE The family rejoiced in (he drunkard’s
necessity /m'sesiti/ —家人对那个酒鬼的改过自新深感高兴
w. sth. that you must have or do 必需品；必要 【派生】reformer/!.改革者
Food and water are the necessities of life.
counter /kaunta/
食品和水?l 支活的必需品 // He seemed to
n.①租台 I asked the girl behind the counter
feel Ute necessity of some slight explanation.
他似乎感到有必要略做解释 if they had any postcards.我沔柜台后的女
营业员是否有明信片卖
【短语】of necessity无法避免地，必 定 77说 swm-
mary of his findings is， of necessity， very ② 计数器 The bank teller used a mechanicai
ccmn^r to permit?.银行出纳员使
6r^/：他研究成果的总结必定很简短。
用机械计数器点硬币。
protest /prautest/ /i. /pra'test/ v. ③ 筹码
【助记】pro (forward)+test (考试）一►提前考试，会遭 vt. to say sth. in order to try to prove that what
到学生“反对” sb. said was not true or as a reply to sth. 反
/I.抗议，反对 The region is open to tourists over 驳 / countered tier arguments by pointing
尽管环保主义者反 oW 执w/d cm
new company was confronted with many
every chance to improve our English.我们
价s.这家新成立的公司面临许多困难。
应该充分利用一切机会来提高英语水平
② 正视，勇敢地面对77论 movie stor coz/MnY
【派生】capitalist /!• 资 木 家 • 资本主义的// ca-
confront the nimors fabricated by people.
pitalism /i.资本主义
那个影星无法面对人们捏造出来的谣言
③ 使对质，使当面对证Wfeen poHce cow- conference /knnfarans/
fronted her with the evidence^ she admitted ① 会议 Many international conferences are
执 ims分wi/勿.当警察拿出证据与她当面 Gewern.许多国际会议在日内瓦举行。
对质时，她承认了自己是有罪的 ② 商 谈 a 和…商议
【派生】confrontation n•对抗，对峙
participate /pa:.tisipeit/
compete /kampi:!/ W. to be involved in sth.; take part (〜//i) 参加
【助记】com(共同）+pete(追求）— 共同追求一个0 College students are expected to participate
标—竞争 in discussions in the class•大耸课堂上希望
W. to strive against others to attain a goa丨竞争 学生参加纣论：
【同 contend】 compcmies are compertn分 【派生】participant w•参与者
with each other for the contract. JL 家公司正
专四真题
为一份合同而互相竞争
The machine would participate in interest
【派生】competition n•比赛；竞争 // competitor /!•
ing conversation that could continue from
竞争者，对手
previous discussions.
competitive /kam'petativ/ 译文：这种机器会参与到从上一次讨论中延续下
a•①竞争的 Nobody can entirely keep away from 来的有趣的交谈。
执^ 没有人能够完全远离
spectator /spek'teite/
这个竞争社会。
【助记】spect(#)+ator(表人)—观众
②好竞争的a compe汾i從person天性好强的人
• 45 •n. an observer of an event, esp. a sports contest mans fall into two classes.饥恩斯说人类分
观众，旁观者【同 audience】Foo你cr// 为两个阶级。
civwds of spectators around the world.足球 ④to do what a custom, rule, law, etc., says
吸引了全世界众多的观众。 you should do 遵守 77祕 WV ca/ted on
botk sides to observe the ceasefire.肤合舀已
view /vju：/
要求双方遵守停火协议。
n. ①an individual and personal judgment; an
【派生】observer观察者；评论者// observation
opinion # What are your views on global- w.观察；言论；观察力
i之 你 对 全 球 化 有 何 高 见 ？
performance /pa'foimans/
@观察、视適 The aircraft has disappeared
/rom view;.飞机从视野中消失了。 n .①表演 an amaZewr pez/ormance 业余表演
③景色a 执 Wew; 能看见美丽风景的 ② the act of performing a work or role 履行
房间 He is very conscientious in the performance
o/fois 他非常认真地後行职责
v/. to think of sth. in a particular way; regard 看
待，估量//似 加 matter been viewed from the ③ 表现 Andy’s performance in the exams
was disappointing.安达的考试成绩令人失望
taxpayers，standpoint? 这个沔题是否队纳税
【派生】performer/!• 表演者，演奏者
人的立场上考虑过？
【短语】with a view to为了，为的是// in view of
skim /skim/
鉴于，考虑到 view; 〇/ owr fem众
vt•①徽 After simmering the meat and vegeta
business relation, we'U make special effort
bles skim the fat from the surface. 把灼和
to /iW 2/owr orcfer. 考虑到我们长期的业务关
蔬菜炖好后，再撇去表面的油脂。
系，我们将尽力供足贵方订货。
② 掠过sea夕w/fc 椒 掠 过 浪
【派生】viewer /I•观众
尖的海鸥
③ to read or glance through quickly or su
onlooker /Dn.luka/
perficially M JS£ She skimmed the sports page
n.旁 M 者 The onlooker affirmed the fact to be
to find out who had won the game.地说 l
这位旁观者断言这是事实_
体育新闻版，想知道谁赢了那场比赛。
audience /'oidians/ v/.浏 览 ，略读 Give me a wome/U to s/cim
w . 听众，观 众 “ is 〇/- through these memos before the meeting•开
会前给我片刻时间浏览一下这些备忘录。
ways the latest song
that an audience ap
Scan /skaen/
plauds the most.
【助记】发音：“四 看 四 处 看 —扫描
(//omer) 听众掌声最
vt.①to look at carefully, esp. in search of sth.
热烈的，总是最后一
细看 He scanned the doctor’s fewe for a sign
曲。（荷马）
o//w)pe. 他细察医生的神色看是否还有希望
observe /9bz3：v/ ② 妇描 AU Luggage has to be scanned at the
纟所有行李在飞机场都得接受扫描检查
【助记】ob(to)+serve(服务）一► 侍候在（主人）面前，
③ 浏览【同 skim】 Afany peopte K/ce to setm
以察言观色观察
the newspaper while having breakfast. 许多
v/.①to see and notice sth. 注意到介 & 的句/
人喜欢在吃早餐的时候浏览一下报纸。
to observe the great changes in the city.这
/I.扫描a scan全身/脑扫描
个城市的巨大变化显而易见。
【派生】scanner w. 扫描仪
② to watch sb. or sth. carefully 观察价〇6-
serves carefuUy but says littie.他泛、是仔细 overlook /.auva'luk/
观察，很少说话。 【助记】over (beyond)+look (看)一► 跳过了该看的东
③ to say or write what you have notice about 西—忽视
a situation W iJi Keynes observed that hu v/•① to fail to notice; ignore deliberately 忽略
• 46 •The art of being wise is the art of knowing short time 闪亮，微光 77吨/ sail； 〇/ a
切/wif to orer/oo/c.做聪明人的诀窍，就是要懂 temp a/紹a d 他们看到前面一盏灯的微光。
得该忽略什么。 ②闪现，流露 A pteam 〇/ sa你/ac^on crossed
② 宽恕 He has been kind enough to overlook /ace她脸上闪现出满足的神情。
m 没/aw仏他很宽容，原谅了我的过错
glitter /'giita/
③ 俯® We overlook the church from our
【助记】glitt(发光)+er(表示反复动作)—闪耀
tow從.我们可从家中俯瞰教堂
vL to shine brightly with flashing points of light
glimpse /giimps/ 闪耀 AU that glitters is not gold. I谚]闪先的
n. a quick look at sb. or sth. that does not allow 不都是金子。
you to see them clearly —瞥 / (m/y n. N光；耀眼，辉煌 The child was attracted
a glimpse of the president’s car. A ?、皆 l by the glitter of the Chiistmas tree decora-
了总统的汽车。 f/orw.这孩子被圣诞树上闪闪发光的装饰品吸
W . 瞥见，看一眼 / fter /ace in ⑻ 引住了。
crowd， but tfien she was gone. A 在人群中
glow /gleu/
瞥见她的脸，但随即她就消失了。
① a soft steady light 光亮 77祕如〇祕 〇/
【辨析】表示“一瞥”的动词
setting sun is splendid; it is a pity that the
glance:匆匆看一眼或粗略扫一眼，强调动作
dus/c is fast approaching.夕阳元限好，只是近
glimpse:指“瞥见”，强调结果，是glance的结果
• —— =— 二 二 黄昏。
② a pink color in your face from exercising,
glare /giea/
being excited, healthy, etc. Rk SC Her face
vi••①to stare fixedly and angrily 卜a/)怒视 77ie
old gentleman just stood there glaring at ftos认 右 仇 她 脸 色 红 润 9
③ 激情，热 烈 *5/祕 /故 a 供oi/;
the pickpocket and did not say a word. 这
位老先生只是站在那里对那个扒手怒目而视 at her son’s cwhievements.九子的良就让地感
，一
到心满意足。
句话也没有说。
②to shine intensely发出刺眼的光线77叱szm Vi. 0to shine brightly and steadily, esp. without a
glared out of the blue sky.欠 N 在&欠 i 良 竹ame 灼热 The metal glowed in the furnace.
出强烈的光。 金属在熔炉里发出灼热的光。
n. ①a bright unpleasant light which hurts your ② to have a warm, reddish color from exer
eyes 强光 To avoid the glare of the sun， cise, emotion, etc. ( Her face was glow-
you had better wear a pair of sunglasses. iw分 她 總 尬 得 脸 都 红 了 。
为避免耀眼的阳光（照射），最好戴上墨镜 ③ 洋溢 //e 私 供 •他
② 怒视 She gave him an icy glare.地以冷 热情洋溢。
冰冰的目光怒视着他
glimmer /giima/
③ 炫耀 They were in the fuU glare of publicir
vL to shine with a light that is not very bright
奴他们大肆炫耀。
发出闪烁的微光7%ere are som^
【派生】glaring • 耀眼的；显眼的；怒目而视的
distonce. 远处有几处明灭
gleam /gii:m/ 不定的微光。
vr•.①to shine softly 闪 亮 阶 s a w ; Zi冰te 〇/ w. a light that is not very bright微光，微弱的闪光
the little town gleaming in the distance.我 The sky was pink with the first glimmer- of
们看见远处小鎮的灯光在闪烁 执衫dawm.清晨的第一缕味光使天空呈现出淡红色
(D(of an emotion) to appear or show through
prominent /prommant/
sb.’s eyes or expression (mW//i)闪现，流露 77说
【助记】pro(forward)+min(伸出，突出）+ent—►突出
groom’s eyes are gleaming with excitement.
新郎的眼睛流露着激动的神情e 的
a. ①widely known and important 突出的，杰出的
n. ①a small pale light esp. one that shines for a
• 47 •The mayor has pkryed a prominent part in noticeable /nautisabi/
pwMcfo/e市长在公共事务中起了重要的作用 【助记】notice(注意）+able(能…的)一♦能注意到的一>
② sticking out in a way that is easily seen 显而易见的
or noticed 突起的 prominew,/ pazmcfc 妨?
a. evident; observable 显而易见的 77we’s
me a strong impression.他的罗汉狂给我留
a noticeable improvement in his handwrit-
下了深刻印象
in分.他的书法有了明显的进步
outstanding /autstaendiQ/
remark /n*ma：k/
【助记】out(出来）+stand(站）+ing—►站出来的一► 杰
【助记】re (again) +mark (做标记)一► 评论时一再做标
出的
记— 评论
a .① excellent or exceptionally good 杰 出 的 vt. to say sth.，esp. about sth. you have just
Beautiful landscapes favor the birth of out-
noticed 说 ，评论说 77犯⑹价 602/ remerrted
standing persons.人糸也灸
that it was time to leave.小男孩说该走 了。
②not settled or resolved未 解 决 的 阶 ’從分如
v/•(〜0/j)谈 论 ，评论 AM remar&ed
quite a few debts still on⑻anding.我们还
on the change in him since his maniage.
有好多欠债未曾偿还:
所有的朋友都注意到他结婚后的变化，对此议论
eminent /emmant/ 纷纷。
【助记】e(out)+min(上升）+ent—► 卓越的 w• 评 论 ，话语 /fe ims /imZ /〇?• maAir^r /從加
a. welH显眼的
给我说说事故发生的详情,，
a. very easy to notice; attracting attention 显目艮
②枝节m 细枝末节
的；引人注目的conspicwows 明显的
vt. to list things or give all the facts or information
错误 // She’s always conspicuous because of
about sth.详述；列举 P/肌se 办如/ a// 2/cmr*
her bright clothes and queei' hair style.因
o n 你 /orm.请把你的所有开支详
为她衣着鲜艳，发型古怪，所以总是惹人注目。
• 48 •细地列在这张表上 impress /impres/
【短语】go into detail⑻详细叙述，逐一说明// in 【助记】im(upon) +press(压）一►压在心上一►使铭i己
detail诈细地 vt. 0 to produce a vivid impression or image of
给…以深刻的印象，使铭记77祕scenes/ 〇/
comment /koment/
Lugu Lake is strongly impressed on my
【助记】com(完全）+ment(思考）—彻底思考后洱做
泸沽湖的景色给我留下了深刻的印象
评论—评论
②印，压 印 77⑷咖幻加w m 、im/>res從d o w 以祕
/». (Da remark that expresses a personal react-
doto.图案被印在布上
ion or attitude 评论 Afo comment 无可奉告
【用法】impress常用于被动语态，不用丁•进行式。
// This idea deserves more than passing
【派生】impression /!•印象；印 记 // impressive a 给
comme加.这个想法值得慎重考虑
人印象深刻的
② talk; gossip 闲话 //er sfnmpe de/wzvior' ca-
used a good deal of comment.地的/L 常行为 grace /greis/
引起了不少闲话， ；i. ① seemingly effortless beauty of movement
vt•评论 The discovery is hardly commented by etc.优美 The gymnast performed on the
认
生活
④ （〜ow, W/W/I)影 响 read ow ecu火 〇认er相互 m/.天哪！ A/y Graciows/ 天哪！
起作用
【派生】reactor w• 反应器；反应物 disgrace /dis.greis/
【助记】dis(away)+grace(优雅)— 耻辱
reaction /n'aekj ?n/
n. loss of honor, respect, or reputation; shame
/i• ①反应，反作用 2/owr micron £〇 你右 rw-
耻辱 Fb以 will bring disgrace on yourself
i/iors 2/ow?你对有关你的谨言有何反
6沒doh众认你这样做会给自己带来耻辱
应？ // chain/nuclear reaction 连 m &/(陳
v/.①使失宠，使失去权力//e /ios pwfe厂id#
子）核反应
disgraced for offences for which he ivas not
②反动 The revolution was defeated by the
他为莫须有的过错而被当众免职
/orceso/readior^这场革命被反动势力打敗了
②傻象羞 The family was disgraced by the
【派生】reactionary a.反动的/!•反动分子 sccmdo/.那件丑闻使全家人蒙羞
• 49 •【短 语 】disgrace oneself 使自己出了丑 // in disgrace cteW k.我不知道他负债的程度。
受蔑视 ②广度【同range】阶 are ⑹
【派生】disgraceful a•丢 脸 的 ，可耻的 〇/ 我们对他广博的知识感到
惊奇。
comprehend /.kDmprihend/
【短语】to a certain extent在一定程度上/ 從
【助记】com (完全> +prehend (抓住）—完全抓住意
认 2/ow to a certain eo你rU. 我在某种程度
思— 理解，了解
上同意你的观点。
V. to take in the meaning, nature, or importance
专四真题
oi 理 M The infinite distances of space are
too great for the human mind to compre- Our present concern is with how easily and
feem/.大空的无垠距离遥远得让人类的大脑无 to what extent this cycle can be modified.
法理解 // Even scientists do not comprehend 译文：目前我们关心的是人的这一作息规律是否
执 ;>/奶iomena. 即使是科学家也不理解这些 很容易或者能在多大程度上得以改变.
现象：
【派 生 】comprehension/l 理解；理解力测验// com* extensive /ikstensiv/
prehensible a.能理解的// incomprehensible 亿 a. large in extent, range, or amount 广阔的；广
泛的 The river irrigates extensive areas of
难慷的
amw的/s/cte.这条河灌漱了农村大片土地。
comprehensive /.kompn'hensiv/
// Forests were destroyed due to extensive
a. so large in scope or content as to include to仰/n分. 由于大面积的伐木，森林遭到了破坏。
much 综合的 77於 r印or於r feos mode a com-
prehensive report on this event.记者已对此 exclusion /Ik'sklu^an/
事做了全面的报道。 【助记】ex (out)+dus (关闭）+ion—►关出去一► 排斥
n.排除在外，排斥 /rom dwft
extend /ikstend/
/mrf foim mwcfc.被俱乐部赶出来，他很
【助记】ex(out)+tend(伸展）一►伸展出去— 延长，延
伤心。
伸
【短语】to the exclusion of… 排除（其他的一切）^4
vt. ®to cause sth. to straighten out；or to make
leading member should never concentrate
sth. longer, wider, or cover more area 延伸，
all his attention on one or two problems, to
延长 a bird soaring on extended wings 收越
excision 〇/ c^/^rs. —个领导人不能把全
高飞的鸟 // Management have agreed to
部注意力只集中在一两个问題上而不顾其他
资方已同意延长最后期
问题。
限。
② to enlarge the scope or effect of 扩展，扩 exclusive /ik'skiuisiv/
太 He is extending his eyes with radar.他 ① 奢华的cm 如sive sc/iooZ —所贵族学校
借助雷达来扩大自己的视野。 ② 独有的 7Ms to readers
③ 提供 The bank has promised to extend o/77说Swn.只有《太阳报》的读者才能获此优
y⑽r company/ cr执价.银行已经答应向你们公
待。
司提供信用贷款 ③ 排斥的【同 incompatible】
vz••①延伸【同 stretch】77说 GmxZ WW/ ea:⑽wis as 互斥的
/ar似 Jiayw Pass.长城一直延伸到嘉塔关
④ （〜of)不包括…的 T^te hotel charges $70 a
②达到 Behind and aheady as far as visibili
day， exclusive of meals.这旅馆一天收费 70
ty extended， were other vehicles, 觉觉 后后， 美元，膳食除外。
目所能及的地方全是其他车辆。
n .独家新闻 Some journalists are willing to get
【派生】extension w• 伸展；扩大部分；电话分机
cost有的记者愿意不惜
一切代价获取独家新闻。
extent /ik'stent/
【派生】exclusively arf•排他地;专门地
①程度，范围 I don’t know to what extent his
• 50 •inclusive /inkiu.siv/ is aimnda/U.鸟聚集在食物丰盛的地方。
【助记】in+clus(关闭）+ive—►关闭在内的—包括的 ① 集中 Wfe on
a. covering or including everything 包括一切的 improving the system.我们得致力于改选该
The Chinese Football Team consists of 30 制度。
people, inclusive of the doctors and the ② 浓 缩 a Zigwid把液体浓缩
inie/pr扣er.中国足球队包括队医和翻译在内共 n .浓 缩 物 j'wice 化浓缩苹果汁
【派生】concentration /i• 专注；集中；浓缩
由30人组成
【派生】inclusion /!•包含，包括
grave /greiv/
eradicate /iVaedikeit/ n•坟墓 from the cradle to the grave 从i•到見
a. ① very serious; requiring serious thought or
【助记】e(out)+radi(根）+cate—^从根部拔出一► 根除
concern P S W The situation poses a grave
时. to get rid of; eliminate 根除，消 灭 ，杜绝
认mii to 这局势对世界和平构成
problem has now been completely eradicated.
了严重的威胁。
这个难题现在已经完全根除了
② serious and formal in appearance or
【派生】eradication /!•根除
manner严肃的os ^rrm^ os a 扣句e 非常严肃
intense /intens/ 【派生】graveyard n• 墓地，坟墓
【助记】in+tense(伸展)一►注意力向内伸展一► 专注的
gravity /graevati/
a, ①extreme in degree, strength, or size 强烈
【助记】grav(重)+ity(表性质)-► 重力
的，紧张的 7?祕 似e
/!•①重力 Enormous energy is needed to lau
pain.骨折给他造成了剧烈的疼痛。
nch a spacecraft against (the force oj) gravity.
② involving extreme effort 专 注 的
发射飞船需要巨大的能量来摆脱地心引力。
study was done on the origin of human
®严重 I could not hide from her the gravi-
人们对人类起源进行了认真的研究。
切 〇/ •我无法向她隐瞒事态的严
③ 热 情 的 cm 2/oww分/〇办热情的少女
重性。
intensify /m'tensifai/ ③ 严爾 He could hardly keep his g?m)ity.他
v. to make intense or more intense 增强 The 忍不住要笑出来。
drought has intensified• 旱请加居、i 了 // Po
solemn /soiam/
lice have now intensified the search f〇7、 the
a• ①严肃的【同 grave】 77wzf sotemn 分iri wever
lost ckild.警方已加紧寻找那个失踪的孩子。
smites.那个严肃的姑娘从来不笑。
【派生】intensity /i• 强烈;强度
②performed in a very serious way 庄严的价-
intensive /intensiv/ ery day in the Tian'anmen Square the hoist
a. ①involving a lot of activity, effort, or careful of ovr national flag is a solemn ceremony.
attention in a short period of time 加 强 的 每天在天安门广场的升国旗是个庄严的仪式。
Intensive care in hospitals is given to the
amount /amaunt/
sericmsZl/在医院里危重病人得到加强护理。
/i.①数置 Try to reduce the amount of fat in
②精工细作的办印p/ow分如卿cmrf
2/owrdf祝. 你要减少饮食中的油脂含量。
cwttiwficm深耕细作
②a sum 总数 VWiaf is amow/U 〇/ 执is?
concentrate /knnssntreit/ 这总共是多少？
W.①to direct one’s thoughts or attention 全神贯 vi. ®to add up in number or quantity (〜to)合i十
注^ Can you still concentrate on your leading Nationally, deaths from smoking-related il-
汍 ^ 7Y cm? 开着电视你还能集中精神看 Inesses amount to 30 people each day.全 S
书吗？ 每天共计有30人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
(2)to be present in large numbers or amounts ②to be the same in meaning or effect as
somewhere 集中 fiirrfs cowcenfmte 私feere /ood (sth.)(在意义、价值等方面）等同，接近M /ad,
• 51 •your ambiguous words amount to a re- 【短 语 】in excess of超 过 // to excess过度，过
/wsaZ.实际上，你说的那些模棱两可的话等于是 分，过ffl /介 奶 excess. 他过于
拒绝 乐观了。
【派生】excessive a•过度的
专四真题
Isn^ that like trying to maintain a smile at underline Mnda'iam/
youi' wedding reception while some relative 【助 记 】under(在…下面）+line(划线）— 在…下面划
gives a toast that amounts to "marriage is 线做“强调”
hard work”？ v/.①to draw a line under sth.在…下面划线
译文：这不就像在自己婚宴上听某个亲成给你讲 When you are reading、 underline the im-
“婚姻不易”之类的祝酒辞，却还不得不努力保持 porYanZ poinfe.阅读时，把要点划出来
笑容一样难受吗？ ② to emphasize 强调 imderZmes
the embarrassing problem the government
mount /maunt/
/沉從.这场危机使政府面临的问题更为突出
vf.①骑上;登上 We to
underlie /.Ande'iai/
a 仍r/fcr?/.我们登上几级石阶，来到一间陈列
室 // Mr. Rochester mounted his horse and
【助记】under(在…下）+lie(位于)一►构成…的基础
rocteo#罗切斯特先生上了马，疾驰而去。 v/. to be the basis of; account for 构成…的基
©to prepare and set in motion He is 础（或起因）77祕 socia/ probtems
從 crises remain 引起这些危机
mounting a campaign against drunk drivers.
他正在发起一场反对酒后驾车的运动 的社会问题尚未解决
③安放 A compass was mounted on the
utilize /*ju：tiiaiz/
dashboard. —架罗A 安装在仪表上
【助记】uti(使用）+lize—利用
W.增加/Vices are mown/ing.物价在上涨
vt to put to use, esp. to make effective use of
n. [M-](用于山名前）山 M m n / 价的观/珠穆朗玛
利用 The Romans were the first to utilize
峰
concrete as a building material.罗马人首先
exceed /iksi：d/ 使用混凝土做建筑材料
【助记】ex(out)+ceed(走）一♦ •走出界限— 超过 专四真题
vt. to go beyond the limits of; surpass 超 过
He utilizes the facts he observes to the
Exceeding the speed limit in urban areas
fullest extent.
祕d. 在市区内超速驾车会被罚款::，//
译文：他总是最充分地利用他观察到的事实
His success exceeds his hope.他的氣功超达
自己所望，
utility /ju:.tiiiti/
exceedingly /ik'si:dif]li/ /?.①usefulness 功 用 ，效用 77iis compw⑹•？> 〇/
low utility foi， the home user
故/. extremely 极其 The team played exceedingly •这 台 计 算 机 对
家庭用户用处不大。
这支球队打得非常出色3
② [常 〆•]公用事业 "as
excess /ik’ses/ and electric companies are public utilities.
n. ①an amount beyond what is sufficient 过度 铁路、公共汽车、煤气和电力公司都是公用事业
An excess of fat in one’s diet can lead to
premise /premis/
/iair/ disease食物中脂肪过多可能导致心脏病
【助记】pre(before)+mise(送)一►预先给出一► 前提
② more than a particular amount 超越 77祕
n. ① [/?/.]经营场址 77祀 is mou/n沒 <〇
car reached speeds in excess of 100 miles
new; premises.该公司打算迁入新址
p e r 这辆汽车的时速超过了 100英里
② a statement or idea that is accepted as
a .额外的 Your parcel is too heavy and you
being true and that is used as the basis of
must pay the excess postal charge.你的坏包
超重，你必须支付超重邮资
an argument 前提 77祕 /aw; is 6a從d cm 名/w?
• 52 •premise that people are innocent until they 片加入酒中，据说可以使酒味更香辞：所以toast
are proved to be guilty.该法说的前提是尺在 既有“烤面包片”的意思，还有“祝酒”的意思
被证明有罪之前是无辜的。
memorial /mi'mo.Tiai/
hypothesis /hai'poeasis/
a.纪 念 的 a memoria/印eec/i •陣词
【助记】hypo (under)+thesis (放）一► 放在下面一► 前提 n.纪念碑 This statue is a memoi^ial to a great
n. an idea or theory that is not proven but that 这尊雕像是为纪念一位伟大的政
leads to further study or discussion 假 说 ，前 治家
S This is only a sort of scientific hypothe 【派生】memorable a•值得纪念的
sis which has not been proved by experi-
memorise/-ize /memaraiz/
这仅仅是一个尚未被实验证明的科学假说
【助记】niemor(记住）+ize(动词间尾)—记住
【用法】复 数 为 hypotheses c
vA to learn by heart 记住 Afe actor* ccm do a
phenomenon /finnminan/ play without memorizing the lines.没有一
【助记】phen(出现)+omenon—►现象 个演员能够不记台词就演戏的
n. ® 现象 Lightning and thunder are natural
Wisdom /wizdam/
• 闪电打雷是自然现象。
【助记】wis(e)(聪明的）+dom(表性质)—智恝
②非凡的人 77吻/ M s -
n.①职智 I have doubts about the wisdom of
〇/ 饥似他们是音乐史上的杰出人物。
move.这一行动是否明智，我表示怀疑。
【用法】复数为phenomena。
②智慧 Silence is not ahvays a sign of wi-
marvelous /marvalas/ sdom. (Benjamin Franklin)沉默•}' 言并不息
【助记】发音：“马虎了事马虎做事就难有“惊人 是智慧的象征。（本杰明•富兰克林）
的”成就
wit /wit/
a. causing wonder or astonishment 惊 人 的
n .①风趣 This book is full of conversations
Migrating birds have marvelous directional
祕“.这本书中充满了妙趣橫生
候鸟有非凡的方向辨别力
的对话。
【派生】marvel /!•令人惊奇的事物v•惊奇
② [常〆]智力，才 智 is cr 6〇沒〇/ 料icA:
dedicate /dedikeit/ 他是一个机敏的孩子。
【助记】de(down)+dic(说）+ate —► 宣誓处于对方之 【短语】at one’s wits’ end智穷计尽/’m m y 祕你’
end worrying about how to pay the bills.
下—把…献给
我真没了主意，不知如何才能付清这些账。
v/.①题献词于…上 77iis is ctedicated吣
【派生】witty a•机智的，诙谐的
parente.谨以此书献给我的父母3
② （〜to)把…献给【同 devote】57紹dedicates
organ /〇：gan/
/^rseZ/ to /ier w;or/c.她献身于自己的工作。
n .①器官an or^rcm £rar?卻ton/ 器官移植
toast /taust/ ® 机构 The US FBI (Federal Bureau of In
vestigation) is an organ of the Justice De-
n. ①烤面包 Wfe /ww/ /or 我们早
parimew△美国联邦调查局是司法部的一个机关
餐吃的是烤面包片。
③ 新 闻 媒 介 a or仍m 政府机关报
② 祝 酒 辞 供 如 aste相互敬酒
④ 风琴
vt• ①供，烤 She put two pieces of beef under
【派生】organic a• 器官的；有机物的
分riM to toasf. 她把两片牛肉放到烤架下烘
烤。 organize/-ise /〇：ganaiz/
②为…于杯 Let’s toast our friendship! 让 A
【助记】organ(器官）+ize->“组织"就像器官一样，运
们为友谊干杯！
作不息
【词源】源自拉丁语tostus“烤过的” 莎士比亚 v/.①to arrange or prepare for an activity 组织
时代英国人饮酒时喜欢把一块有香料的烤面包 Jeff agreed to help to organize the company
• 53 •杰夫同意帮忙组织公司的这次野餐。 仏. 给我点儿时间理顺一下我的思路。
② to arrange in an orderly w a y 使有条理 【派生】organization w.机构；组织
Just give me a moment to organize my
• 54 •典型考题精练
1. In my first year at the university I learnt the _______ of journalism.
A. basics B. basic C. elementary D. elements
2. The moon, being much nearer to the Earth than the Sun, is the _______ cause of the tides.
A. principal B. basic C. initial D. elementary
3. We must find out the _______ cause of the accident.
A. necessary B. special C. elementary D. primary
4. Thousands of people turned out into the streets to _______ against the local authorities’ decision to
build a highway across the field.
A. contradict B. reform C. counter D. protest
5. Due to personality _______, the two colleagues never got on well in work.
A. contradiction B. conflict C. confrontation D. competition
6. The company has capitalized the error of judgment made by its business competitor.
A. in B. over C. with D. on
7. There were 150 _______ at the international conference this summer.
A. spectators B. viewers C. participants D. onlookers
8. Thousands o f_______ at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to an outstanding
performance.
A. audience B. participants C. spectators D. observers
9. He didn’t have time to read the report word for word: he just _______ it.
A. skimmed B. observed C. overlooked D. glanced
10. The novel contains some marvellously revealing _______ of rural life in the 19th century.
A. glances B. glimpses C. glares D. gleams
11. The reception was attended by _______ members of the local community.
A. excellent B. conspicuous C. prominent D. noticeable
12. Although I spoke to her about the matter several times, she took little _______ of what I said.
A. remark B. warning C. notice D. attention
13. Joan is in the dorm, putting the final _______ to her speech.
A. details B. remarks C. comments D. touches
14. Sometimes the student may be asked to write about his _______ to a certain book or article that
has some bearing on the subject being studied.
A. reaction B. comment C. impression D. comprehension
15. The bar in the club is for the _______ use of its members.
A. extensive B. exclusive C. inclusive D. comprehensive
16. He plays tennis to the _______ of all other sports.
A. eradication B. exclusion C. extension D. inclusion
17. The heat in summer is no less _______ here in this mountain region.
A. concentrated B. extensive C. intense D. intensive
18. In spite of the treatment, the pain in his leg grew in _______•
A. gravity B. extent C. intensity D. amount
19. The patient's health failed to such an extent that he was put into care.
A. tense B. rigid C. intensive D. tight
20. Your advice would be valuable to him, who is now at a loss as to what to do first.
A. exceedingly B. excessively C. extensively D. exclusively
• 55 •21. Starting with the _______ that there is life on the planet Mars, the scientist went on to develop
his argument.
A. premise B. pretext C. foundation D. presentation
22. We should our energy and youth to the development of our country.
A. dedicate B. cater C. ascribe D. cling
@ 答案与译文
1. [A】上大学一年级时我学习了新闻学的基础知识。
2. [A]因为月亮与地球的距离比太阳近得多，所以它是潮汐形成的主要原因。
3. [D]我们必须搞清事故的主要原因。
4. [D]上千名群众出现在街头，抗议当地政府做出修建横穿田野的高速公路的决定。
5. [B】由于个性的不同，这两个同事在工作中总是相处不好。
6. 丨D】公司由于其生意竞争对手的错误判断而获利。
7. [C]这个夏天有150人参加了这个国际会议。
8. [C]体育馆里数千名观众站起来向这一精彩的比赛欢呼。
9. [A】他没有时间逐字逐句地细读报告，只是草草读了一下。
10. [B】这部小说有多处描写精彩地呈现了 19世纪的乡村生活
11. [C]出席招待会的是当地的一些要人-
12. [C】尽管我已好几次跟她谈起这件事情，但她对我说的话根本不在意。
13. [D]琼在寝室里给她的演讲稿做最后的润色
14. [A】有时学生也许会被要求写点东西，谈谈读了与所学科目有关的某一本书或某一篇文章之后的
感受。
15. [B]俱乐部的酒吧只供其会员使用
16. [B]他除了网球外其他什么体育运动都不参加。
17. [C]夏天这个山区里一样炎热3
18. [C]尽管在接受治疗，他的腿痛越来越剧烈。
19. [C]那位病人的健康状况恶化到了如此程度以致被加以集中护理。
20. [A]你的建议将会对他非常有用，因为他现在不知道首先应该做什么。
21. [A]提出了火星上存在生命这一假设后，这位科学家继续阐发其论点。
22. [A]我们应该为祖国的发展奉献出自己的力量和青春。
• 56 •■ m m
单词预习+返记
□exhaust □civil □label □fluctuate □mock □circular
□exploit □civilian □tag □drain □minor □circulate
□controversy □civilize/-ise □readily □spill □minority □circuit
□debate □sacrifice □prompt □overflow □scarce □define
□argument □adopt □instant □overwhelm □scarcely □entry
□remarkable □adapt □beforehand □overtake □rare □sack
□client □a(^just □advanced □overthrow □striking □snack
□tenant □regulate □haste □overturn □minimum □steak
□proprietor □regulation □urge □fertile □maximuin □portion
□scrap □equip □urgent □component □sparse □metaphor
□scrape □modify □prior □product □sensation □signify
□slice □conform □priority □reproduce □extraordinary □ancient
□upbringing □cater □emergency □productive □unique □ancestor
□cultivate □pose □leak □reflect □incident □marital
□nourish □signal □trickle □inner □hence □divorce
□tame □gesture □drip □imitate □generalise/-ize Dspouse
exhaust /igz〇：st/ ©to employ to the greatest possible advantage
【助记】ex(出）+haust(拉)-力气全被拉出来—使筋 别用 t 开发 The social freshmen should exploit
疲力尽 every opportunity to enrich their experience.
v/.①to make extremely weary; wear out 使筋疲 刚踏入社会的人必须利用每一个机会积累经验
力尽 We are all exhausted after a long w.[常〆j业绩 77奶> /ieroic 坪ptoto writt 分〇 dowm
长途骑车后我们都筋疲力尽了。 m 他们的英雄业绩将被栽入史册。’
② to use up completely 用光 A/?/ paKence is
controversy /kontr9V3：si, kan'trovesi/
我没有耐性了
【助记】contro(against)+vers(转）+y—► 意见在相反
③ to discuss completely; cover thoroughly 详
的方向之间转一> 争论
尽论述 We’ve exhausted this subject; let’s go
/i. a serious argument about sth. that involves
cm /,〇 ?祕於.我们已经详尽地讨论了这一问
many people and continues for a long time
题，接着谈下一个吧a
争论 Several near disasters give rise to
/I• ① 排 气 装 置 喷 气 口
much controversy on the safety of nuclear
②废气认^ smd/ 〇/ 仇？ 排出的废气
^ner仍/.几次近乎大灾难的事故引起了许多关于
气味
原子能安全问题的争论。
【派生】exhaustive 〇•消耗的；详尽的// inexhaustible
【派生】controversial 〇•有争议的
用不完的；不知疲倦的
debate /di'beit/
exploit /ikspbit/ 【助记】de(down)+bate(打)一>用言语将对方打倒—
v/•①to make use of selfishly or unethically 剥肖ij 辩论
The capitalists exploit the workers in order n .辩论have a debate (与某人）进行
Zo Tnarimtee pro/ite. 资本家剥削工人是为了 辩论
使利润最大化。 v. to dispute or argue about, esp. in a formal
• 57 •rr^nnor I详 /or 他现在一个人拥有这家公司。
will debate environmental issues.
两 位 市 长
Scrap /skraep/
候选人将针对环境问题进行辩论。//阶 ctefcal-
w•① a small piece or bit 碎片；少置 scraps
ed for several hours before taking a vote.
o/paper in ims仏frasAW•将碎纸片放到废
我们辩论了好几个小时才投票。
纸萎里j scraps 〇/ news零星的消息
argument /a：gjum8nt/ ② 废金M He sold his car for its scrap value.
n. ① a situation in which two or more people 他把自己的小汽车当作庚铁卖掉了。
disagree, often angrily 争论 Please write ③ [p/.j残羹剩饭【同 leftovers】/fe仍 scmj对
doum the terms of the contract to avoid any of food to the dog.剩余的食物他拿去嚷狗了。
arguments between the two parties. 请 i己下 v/. to abandon as useless; cancel We had
合约的条款，以免双方日后发生争论。 to scrap owr p/a似.我们不得不放弃我们的
② a fact or statement put forth as proof or 计划。
evidence 论据 sfate on^’s ar分 提出论点
scrape /skreip/
③ 说 理 阶 s祝t o 执is 6沒
【助记】scrap(碎屑）+e— 碎屑是被刮下来的一► 刮
我们应当通过说理来解决这个
vt• 刮，擦 Please scrape the dish clean.请把&子
问题，而不是通过打架。
擦千净 // She scraped the mud off her shoes.
【派生】argumentative a• 好争辩的；议论文的
她刮去鞋上的泥。
remarkable /n'ma：kabi/ /?.舌ij，擦，刮擦声 0狀 can on/g/ /^ar scrape
【助 记 】re (again) +mark (做标记）+able—►— 再做标 of their pens on paper.只听見他们的笔炎在
记―值得注意的 纸上所发出的沙沙声。
a. worthy of notice, esp. for being unusual or 【短语】scrape together/up费力地获得// scrape
extraordinary值得注意的；非凡的以a n 说on分- by/through 勉强通过 Danni just scraped
shu had a remarkable memory; he only through her exam s.丹妮灶强通过了考试。
needed tx) read something once before leam-
slice /siais/
iw分iZ 钱键书有非凡的记忆力，他能
w.① 薄 片 a sZice 0/ fermd —片面包
过目不忘。
②a portion or share —份，部分价 ⑽ company/
Client /klaiant/ wants to gain a bigger slice of the pie.每
n. a customer or sb. 个公司都想占据更大的市场份额。
who receives ser- vt.切（片 1 Slice the cucumbers and add them to
vices委托人，顾客/fe 《如 meat把黄瓜切片，然后加进肉里1
has been a client of
upbringing /Ap.briQir]/
our bank for many
n. the rearing and training received during
他多年来一直
childhood 养育，抚育 //e Ms swc從s to
是我们银行的客户。
the good upbringing he had.他的故功归功于
tenant /tenant/ 他受到的良好教养
【助记】ten(十）+ant(蚂蚁)一>十只蚂蚁成了“房客”
cultivate /'kAitiveit/
n. 房客 t 低户 Tenants of apartments of ten t7W
【助记】cultiv(种植）+ate—►种植
to find partners to share it to pay less rent.
v/.①耕作，栽培 On/2/ owe 执ird 〇/ towd can
公寓套房的租户常常试图找到合住者以少付些
只有三分之一的土地可以耕种
房租。
©to acquire or develop sth. such as a skill
【派生】tenancy /!• 租赁期限；租用
by education 培养 They often take their child
proprietor /prepraiete/ to concerts to cultivate a love of music in
n. one who owns a business; an owner 所有 "im. 他们经常带孩子去听音乐会以培养他对音
人，业主 He is now sole proprietor of the 乐的热爱。
• 58 •【派生】cultivation /i.培养，教育 // cultivated a•有 【派生】civilisation /!•文明，文化
教养的
sacrifice /saekrifais/
nourish Awi" 【助记】sacri(神圣的）+fice(使）— 古人认为“献祭”
【助记】n+our(我们的）+ish(使）一>我们“养育”自己 使万物变得圣洁
的子女 n. ①牺牲 Success in j/our job is not worth
V/.① to provide with food or other substances sacr(/?ce o/2/owr 仇以麵牲健康来求
necessary for growth 养育 77i巧/ n從ded 仍)od 得工作上的成功是不值得的。
food to nourish their bodies.他们需要好食 ②献祭 \祭品 They made sacrifices to the gods
品滋养身体。 to en^re a 分ood 说为了保丰收，他们向
②to keep a feeling or belief in one’s mind 神灵献祭。
杯有、希 望 No matter how bad things are， v炙①牺牲 S/论 sacr(/iced mwc/i 〇/ spare
we should always nourish a hope in our 阶 狀 to心你toe 她牺牲了很多闲
m i n d 无论事情多么糟糕，我们心里都要满怀希望。 暇时间帮助孤儿院做事。
【派生】nourishment/!• 滋养品；滋养状况 ② 锨祭 The ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs
or calves before engaging in battle. 古希猎
tame /teim/
人参战前都要献祭羔羊或牛犊。
fl.①驯服的，温 顺 的 /fe s o 如狀执加
agrees with everybody.他很随和，总是顺从他 adopt /e'dDpt/
人的意见。 【助记】ad(to)+opt(选择)— 通过选择—采纳
②沉闷的【同 dull】77祕 /iZm /w访 a tome W . ①收养【同 foster】 A/any cfcifcH從s cowptes
ending. 那部电影的结局枯燥无味3 adored ⑽ m 许多无子女的夫妇收养了孩子。
吣 to make sth. tame or easy to control 制月艮； ©to take and use as one^ own JRffl Circums-
5)丨丨化 〇7祕 day mati tome na似re. 总有 tances ivill force us finally to adopt this
一天人类会征服大自然。// Pi供(ms are 情况最终会迫使我们采用这项政策。
to 鸿子很容易驯养。 ③ to vote to accept 批准 a
全体一致通过决议
Civil /sival/
【派生】adoption u•收养,领养;采用
a.①公民的，国内的芯2奶7/ ^ sw仍)〇sed
专四真题
to have civil rights and civil duties. 每一个
公民都有权利和义务。 After World War n, many Japanese aband
② 民用的ciW ccm^rac^ow民用建筑 oned the arranged marriage as part of their
③ 民事的 Afaw^/ dvi/ cases am rush to adopt the more democratic ways of
o/ccmrl许多民事案件可以在法庭外解决。 their American conquerors.
④ 文职的Try at least to be civil.至少要尽 译文：“二战”后，许多日本人开始采用美国征服
量礼貌些。 者更加民主的生活方式，摒弃包办婚姻是其中的
一个部分。
civilian /siviijan/
【助记】civil(公民的）+ian(…的人)一►平民 adapt /a'daspt/
n .平民， 姓 The bomb injured 12 civilians. 【助记】ad(to)+apt(适当的)一*•使适合
炸弹炸伤了 12名平民。 vt. (Dto change your behavior so that it is easier
a .平民的，百姓的civi/ian derMands百姓的要求 to live in a particular place or situation 使适
// 民用工业
应 She adapted herseff quickly to the new
dirwate. 她很怏就适应了这种新气候
civilize/-ise /siviiaiz/
② to make suitable to or fit for a specific
vr. to bring out of a primitive state 使文明，使开
use or situation 修改 77i?:s macMwe /?似如⑼
ft The African countries hoped to civilize
specially adapted for underwater u se.这机
all the primitive tribes on the land.非洲 IS
器是为在水下使用而特别改装的。
家希望把非洲所有的原始部落都变成文明社会。
• 59 •③改编 a no?;e/ into 把小说改 vt. ①to make small changes to sth. so as to
编成电影 improve it and make it more suitable or
vf. to become adjusted to new conditions (〜/〇) effective 修改 77吻/ af從 to modify the
适应 Some people ean’t adapt to the humid 他们同意将合同稍作修改
伙价.有些人不适应潮湿的天气 ② 修 饰 wrnms. 形容词修饰
【派生】adaptable a. 能适应新环境的// adaptation 名词。
w.改编；适应// adapter/-or w• 适配器；改编者
conform /kanfoim/
adjust /a'd3Ast/ 【助记】con(共同）+form(形式）— (使）形式统---^
【助记】ad(to)+just(正确）一>使正确一^调整 一致
vt. to alter or move slightly to achieve the desired vL to obey or be in accordance with established
appearance, result etc. iJ? SI Astronauts in rules (- to) Most people mill-
flight inust adjust themselves to weight- ingly conform to the customs of society. 大
tesswess:宇航员在飞行中必须适应失重 多数人都愿意遵从社会习俗,//77咖 pfcce 〇/
v/•(〜to)适应【同adapt】 吣 /to tropica/ equipment does not conform to the official
heat was more difficult than they had stowdarrfs.这件设备不符合官方规定
expectoi适应热带的高温比他们预料的难得多 的安全标准。
【派生】adjustment /?.调整，_ 节 【派生】conformity 依照；一致
regulate /regjuleit/ cater /keita/
【助记】reg (统治） (做)一►进行治理—管理 vi. (Dto try to satisfy a particular need or demand
vt.①to control or supervise by means of rules 卜for，to)迎合 TV programs must cater to/for
and regulations 管理，控制 W p mz/W 07/ owr 电视节目必须迎合各种
best to regulate our expenditure. A 们必须尽 人的口味。
力控制开支a ②to provide food or entertainment 卜for) 提
②调节 Sweating helps regvlate body lempera_ 供 饮 食 及 服 务 We ruM a and
如代.流汗帮助调节体温 also caters for weddings and parties. 他经
营饭店，还承办婚礼和宴会酒席
regulation /.regju'leif an/
/i. ① a rule or directive made and maintained pose /pauz/
by an authority 规则尨 is v/•① to cause a problem, danger, difficulty etc.
regulations to overtake other vehicles without 造成pose a threat to造成…的成胁
signaling.没有示意信号就超车是违反^交通规 (Dto raise a question or matter for considera-
则的。 tion提出(问题等）pose a 提出一个问题
②管理，调节 ^4 wsM/or W v i.①摆姿势 Models are employed by art schools
regulation of the temperature in the building. to pose for art students to paint.艺术学校
恒温器被用来调节大楼内的温度： 雇来模特摆姿势给学艺术的学生作画。
(Dto pretend to be someone else to deceive
equip /ikwip/
people fS ^ She was caught posing as a
v/.①装备【同furnish】 Bits從叫wi仰ed 犰 air-
她冒充律师被当场抓获
ccmditioners charge you more.裝有空调设备
n.样 子 on a pose 〇/ 装出…的样子
的公共汽车收费要贵些：
专四真题
St〇 prepare sb. for a particular activity or
problem 使有准备 77说 ccmrse is to The professionals do not pose much of a
equip students for a career in nursing. 此 problem for the store detectives, who,
课程旨在使学生能够胜任护理工作。 assisted by closed circuit television, two-
way mirrors and various other technological
modify (mndifai/
devices, can usually cope with them.
【助记】mod(方式）+ify(使)— 使…改变方式―修改
• 60 •译文：职业小偷对于商店安检人员来说不会造 labeled “playboy” by girls.汤姆被女孩们称为
成什么大问题由于商店有闭路电视，双向玻璃 “花花公子”。
铣和其他各式各样的技术设备，安检人员一般能
tag /taeg/
够对付职业小偷
w• 标签【同label】a 沾分价格标签
signal /signal/ vt.给…加上标签 AU his suitcases were tagged
【助记】sign(记号)+al— 用特殊的记号表示—信号 with his name and address.他所有的手提箱
都贴着有他名字和地址的标签
/i. 信号；标 志 si众note交通信号// jRcrpirf
【短语】tag along尾随，跟随
breathing is a danger signal.呼吸.H A Jt
险的征兆。
readily /rediii/
① 发信号 TTie ship signaled her position
【助记】readi(情愿的）+ly— 乐意地
/iowr/2/.该轮船每小时用信号报告她的位置II
① without hesitation; willingly 乐 意 地 价
signal for help发求教信号
readily agreed to he丨p u s.他狀然同意帮助A
② 表示 Both sides have signaled their willing^
们。
ness io sZar< 双方都已表示他们
② without difficulty; easily 容 易 地 ；很快地
愿意开始谈判。
Wherever he goes, he readily accommodates
a . 显著的 spea/r 〇/ A/ar/c as a
to c/wm分ed cowdiiio财. 不管到哪儿，他都能迅
signal humorous writer.人们称马免•吐温为
速适应变化了的情况,
杰出的幽默作家^
【派生】readiness• 准备妥鸟；意愿
gesture A^estja/
prompt /prompt/
【助记】gest(运载）+ure— 承载信息的动作—手势
【助记】pro(forward)+mpt(拿)— S 先去拿—敏捷的
w. ①姿势mafce a ructe仍?s⑼re做出粗鲁的手势
v/. ®to move to act; give rise to 促使 77祕 poor
②表示 The invitation was thought of as a
boy confessed that it was hunger that
friendly gesture.那次避请被认为先一个皮姜■
prompted him to steal the bi’ead.可怜的男
的表示。
孩承认他是因为太饿了才偷了面包。// _ 《
v . 做手势供s如re 纟〇 rfo 做手势要某人做某事//
prompto/谈如remarfc?那句话是什么事引起
Beckham was fined for gesturing rudely at
的？
(以 /〇〇你a///an5. 贝克汉姆向球迷做非常粗鲁
②提示 She needed to be occasionally pimnptr
的手势，因此被罚款。
ed.她需要不时给予提示。
专四真题 a. carried out or performed without delay 敏捷
Make eye contact with the people passing, 的，及时的 //e w in emsw;er-
他总是迅速回复各种来信
nod to them, gesture keen interest in
talking to them at a later time, point to /!.提词，提示
yoiir phone, shrug and move on.
mstant Anstant/
译文：用眼神和路过的人接触，向他们点头致意，
•① occurring at once; immediate 即刻的 an
指指你的手机，耸耸肩，表示你很想与他们交
iris切 re? % 即时的答复
谈，只是现在不行，然后继续前行
② imperative; urgent 紧急的 77紹 JZood
were in instant need of help•木交难民急需
label /leibdi/
救助。
n•①标签 I attached a label on my luggage•我
③速 溶的i似 如 加 速 溶 咖 邮
在行李上加了标签。
n.瞬问 I sent you the news the instant (that)
②称号cwwwire to厶d 〇/••• 得了…缚号
/ 认我一听到此消息，便通知你了
v/•① to attach a label to 贴标签于 77祀 6〇«从 is
【用法】the instant可引导时间状语从句，相当于as
4\Pai5〇n”. 瓶上标明“有毒”
soon as，表示“---就…”。
② to describe or classify sb. or sth. often
【派生I instantly ad. 立即，马上
unfairly or incorrectly 把…称为 7bm
•61 •beforehand /bif〇:haend/ 的，在前的 It happened prior to her depa?ture.
【助记】before(在…之前）+hand(手)一>抢在…之前 这事是在她走前发生的。^ Jn emergency，
下手—事先 children are always prior to all others to
crd. in advance 预先 Afe one expected 汍 6e/ore- 6e corwidered.在发生紧急情况时，总是优先考
ftami没人事先预料到这事: 虑儿童。
【短语】prior to在…之前
advanced /adVainst/
a.①far on or ahead in development or progress priority /praioriti/
先进的 It takes time for advanced ideas to w. ①优先(权）【同 precedence】" sifpp/Z從
genera/Zy acc巧你d. 先进的思想要被人们 are short, children will be given priority.
普遍接受需要时间。 如果医疗供应品短缺的话，儿童将得到优先考虑。
② highly developed or complex 高 级 的 ②优先考虑的事top priori^/最优先考虑的事情
advanced civi/ta炫ori 高度文明
专四真题
■ .
③ 年迈的 ife died an cwtoawced age.他活
Not only did he regard buying a house as
到高龄才去世。
a top priority, but he also considered the
haste /heist/ education of his children as extremely
n. quickness or eagerness that can result in important.
mistakes 急速，急忙【同 hurry】 More feos咚 iess 译文：他不仅把买房当作头等优先的事情，还会
sp從d•[谚j欲速则不达。 认为子女教育是极端重要的c
【短语】in haste急忙，慌忙
【派生】hasten v• 催促，（使）赶快；加快// hasty a. emergency /i'm3：d3ansi/
轻率的；匆忙的 【助记】emerg (出现)+ency—►突然出现一► 紧急情况
n, a serious situation that happens unexpectedly
urge /3:dz/
and demands immediate action 紧急情况，非
v/.①鼓励【同 encourage】/fe wrgf-
常时刻ft’s cm 十万火急！
in^r re/om• 他一直鼓励改革。
② to advocate earnestly the doing, cons leak /ii：k/
ideration, or approval of 竭力主张 Some v. (D(使)漏 均 car seems 如 oiZ•我
people urge that boxing be banned. 一些人 的汽车好像正在漏油。// 77祕 w;ater pipes
强烈要求禁止拳击运动。 tea/c.水管漏了。
③ to impel to action，effort; spur 催促 Bwwm ②泄露【同disclose】仏 沾 你 〇/ Ms imsir祕ss
urged her to reconsider her decision.布朗 dealings were leaked to the press.他商务往
极力劝说她重新考虑自己的决定。
来的详情已被泄漏给新闻界了。
n .强M 的欲望 The boy has a strong urge to /!.①漏洞•,泄漏 There’s a leak in the roof — the
team.这个男孩有极强的求知欲。 miw’s coming iw.房顶有漏洞，雨 往 里 进 //
A gas leak can result in a fire.谋气池漏可
urgent /*3咖 嗞 /
能会引起火灾。
【助记】urg(e)(催促）+ent—^不断催促的—急迫的
②(消息等的)走漏 a tecrA: 〇/ in-
a. very important and needing to be dealt with
/ormaKon• 走漏了风声。
immediately急迫的，紧要的An"似n分执a/, is
urgent must be attended to immediately. 任 trickle /tnki/
何紧急的事情都必须立即处理。
vL ®to flow or fall in drops or in a thin stream
【用法】It is urgent that…表示“急需…”，后接的从
滴流，滴滴 The tears trickled down her cheeks.
句用虚拟语气。
泪水一滴一滴地从她面颊上流下。
prior /praia/ ②to move or proceed slowly 缓慢地移动 77⑷
audience trickled into the theater in twos
a. preceding in time, order or importance 优先
• 62 •a n d 执r從s. 人们三三两两地走进剧场。 发生在阿拉斯加的石油外溢将
会造成生态灾难。
drip /drip/
【用法】过去式、过去分词spilled/spilt
v. to fall in drops 滴 ?ms dri仍}in分 滅
sweat.他浑身是汗 _// John come in, his overflow /.auva'flau/
a?vn dripping blood.约輪进朱了，他的手臂在 【助记】over(beyond)+flow(流动)一► 溢出
滴血。 v . ①to flow over the edge or top of (sth.)满得
/i. ①滴水声 The silence was broken only by 外溢 I forgot to turn off the faucet and the
the steady drip, drip of water from the 我忘了关水龙头，结果卫生间
roo/ 只有屋顶上滴答滴答持续不断的滴水声打 1 的水溢了 出象。 // The river overflowed its
破了寂静。 河水溢过了堤岸。
② 滴 下 的 液 体 A drip 〇/ tm仏r nm rfowm ② 卜 充满 His heart overflowed with
/ler/ore/^cwl —滴水顺着她的前额往下淌， 分m 份wde.他的心里充满了感激之情c
w•①容纳不下的物（或人）77说 ^
fluctuate /fUktJueit/
accommodated in another hotel.容纳不下的
【助记】fluctu(波浪）+ate— 像波浪似的—波动
人将安排在另一家旅馆里。
vi. to vary irregularly, esp. in amount 波动 77紹
②溢流口
prices of vegetables and fruits fluctuate
W认纟以seasons. 疏菜和水果的价格随季节而 overwhelm /.auve'welm/
波动。
【助记】over (above)+whelm (淹没，压倒）一►在…上
压倒—征服
drain /drein/
v/.①to affect deeply in mind or emotion 使受不
v•①排走 Deep ditches were dug to drain the
了 Despair overwhelmed me when I got to
/ieWs. 挖了深沟以排干田里的水。// 77论 rain-
know that the last train to the town had
water drained away slowly because the
drain wm 雨水排得很後，因为排水沟
te，. 当我得知最后一班去镇上的火车已开走时，
我绝望极了。
给堵住了。
②to slowly be used up or to cause sth. to ©to defeat completely and decisively 征月艮
slowly be used up 渐 渐 耗 尽 77说 stop’s In last week’s semifinal, the Manchester
finances have been drained by drought and United overwhelmed Liz by 4 -0 .在上•同的年
ciriZ disorder. 国家财政已经被旱灾和内乱消 决赛中，曼联队以4 比0 击败利兹队。
耗殆尽了。 【派生 】overwhelming 势不可挡的；巨大的
n•①耗竭 Military spending is a huge drain
overtake /.euva'teik/
on the country’s resources.军费开（是对笛
w. (Dto catch up with 超过 77紹 car
家资源的巨大消耗。 fcmin drain人才外流
《rwc/c.小汽车超过了大卡车。
②排水管 Tbny and
(Dto come upon unexpectedly; take by surprise
teid owm drairis. 托尼盖了自己的房子，铺
突然降临于 4 storm owertoo/c ffee
设了自己的排水管道2
孩子们遇到了暴风雨。
【派生】 drainage n•排水系统；排水
overthrow /.auva'erau/
spill /spil/
【助记】由throw over(抛弃)颠倒顺序构成
【助记】s+pm(药丸)—药丸洒了一地->洒落
vt. to bring about the downfall, destruction, or
v. to run or fall out of a container 溢 出 ，洒落
ending of, esp. by force 推翻；使终止 oi;er-
It’s no use crying over spilt milk!牛奶涵
throw slavery A 除奴東勉 // The rebels have
了，笑也没用] // He slipped and the wine
wer你r o w m ⑹.反叛者已推翻了
spilled aU over the carpet.他滑 1 一丁，酒泊
政府。
得满地毯都是。
• 推翻，终止 〇/ 众overo-
n. 溢出 The oil spill in Alaska threatens ecologi-
• 63 •merit, the country was in chaos.政府被推 reproduce ^/grpra'djuis/
翻后，这个国家处于混乱中,:，
【助记】re (again)+produce (生产）一►一 生产—繁
殖；复制
overturn /,9uv0*t3：n/
v•①to make a copy of sth•复制 Ptofos ran be
【助记】由turn over(翻转）颠倒顺序构成的动词
reproduced without negatives now.现在没有
vt. j 使翻转 He stood up quickly, overturning
底片也可以复制相片。
他猛地站起来，务翻了椅子
② to produce babies, young animals, new
②颠潛【同 overthrow】77^
plants, etc. Most fish reprvduce (them-
to overturn this puppet regime.革命者计划
selves) by laying eggs, k 多数氪靠产卵变&
推翻傀儡政府
【派生】producer/I•生产者；制片人
W. to turn over 翻转 77祕 6〇加 船翻
了。 productive /pra'dAktiv/
a. ① producing crops, goods, or services, esp.
fertile. /f3:taii/
in abundance 多产的 77^
【助记】fert(结果实）+ile— 能产果实的—肥沃的
cannot produce any more works now. 此高
a. (J)肥沃的 There are fertile fields in the Nile
产作家现在已经是江郎才尽了。
尼罗河三角洲土地肥沃、
②producing or achieving a lot 富有成效的
② 可繁殖的，能生育的A/osf men rewmiw
My time spent in the library was very
fertile i?ito old age.大多数男子直到老年还有
;>rodwcKi；e.我花在图书馆的时间很有收获$
生育能力。
【派生】productivity /!•生产率
③ (想象力）丰富的 This successful film is the
result of the w rites fertile imagination•送
reflect /ri'fiekt/
部成功的电影源自那位作家丰富的想象力 【助记】re(back)+flect(弯曲）一► 曲折而回—反射
【派生】fertilise/-ize v•使肥沃// fertilizer /I•化肥，肥 v. ①to show sth•反映 ft’s said that a person’s
handwriting can reflect his/her character.
料 // infertile a.不肥沃的;不结果实的;不生育的
据说，字迹可以反映出人的性格
component /kam'paunant/ ② 反射 The sunlight was reflected in the
【助记】com(共同）+pon(放）+ent(表物）一>放到一 仏r. 日光由水面反射出来
起―成分 ③ 深思 We are reflecting how to fulfill the
n. ①a constituent element 成分 Wtermiw (7 & 沾我们正考虑如何完成这项任务。// J
the major component of many fruits and reflect on the beauty and complexity of life.
印扣ad/從. 维生素C 是很多水果和蔬菜中主要 我经常思考人生的美丽与复杂。
的成分
【派生】reflection w.映像；反射；反映；深思
(Da part of a mechanical or electrical complex 专四真题
部件，元件 Z com^pw^r corwisfe 〇/ Z/w)似cmds
He achieved this by creating characters that
o/ compcmrate. 电脑由成千上万个部件组成
reflected the hopes and fears of ordinary
a. 组成的 Can 2/ow reso/ve “ /izto
people.
derate?你能把它分解为组成它的元素吗？
译文：这一点他正是通过塑造反映普通人希望与
恐惧的人物形象来达到的
product /*prDdAkt/
w . ①产品dair" produete奶制品
inner /ma/
② 产物 He was a ⑼ piccU product of his
• ①内部的【反outer】77说 知 o n 他？
cmd 他是他那一代人
似’办 〇/ ⑽ feoo:.标签贴在盒子内側
和他那种背景的典型产物3
②內心的 Yoga gives Sally a sense of inner
③ 乘积 The product of 4 multiplied by 5
ca/m.瑜伽使萨莉感到内心平静
multiplied by 7 is 140. 4 乘 5 再乘 7 的积是
140。 imitate Amiteit/
【派生】by-product /i. 副产品 【助记】im+it(它）+ate(吃)->它照着別人的样子吃一>
• 64 •模仿 supply 缺乏的 /Ves/i 饥? are no toiler
v/•① to follow as a model; copy sth. esp. for scarce in Beijing.现在北京的新鲜蔽茱不再
comic effect 模仿 is 匮乏。
to im itate.他的笔迹很难模仿// James can ②hard to find; rare罕 见 的 a 队ir设 is
imitate his teaeher’s speech perfectly.焓姆 scarce, is prec/oz/5•物以稀为贵
斯能惟妙惟肖地模仿他老师的言语。 【短语】make oneself scarce溜走，躲开S/祕，s in
②仿造 The fabiics are made to imitate a bad mood, so I'll make myself scarce. 也
sitt.这种织物是仿丝织物。 心情不好，我得躲开点
【派生】imitation /i. 模仿;仿制品，赝品// inimitable 【派生】scarcity /I•缺乏，匮乏
无法仿效的
scarcely /skeesii/
mock /mok/ 似/•①almost not; hardly 几乎不 77?於re is scare吨/
v/•①to criticize and laugh at (sb. or sth.) for being enough food. JL乎没有足够的食物
bad, worthless, or unimportant I® ^ She was ② 决不 This can scarcely be true.寧实决不
会是这样的。
openly mocked for her skinny body.地洱身
③ 刚刚 Scare吨/ /wW / enured room
体大痩而被人公开嘲笑
分.我一进屋电话就响了
②to imitate in fun(为了取笑）模仿 //e mmte
【用法】由scarcely开头的句子主谓要部分倒装
us laugh by mocking the way the teacher
spo/te.他模仿老师说话的样子，把我们逗笑了。
rare /ree/
v i.嘞笑 It’s cruel to mock at his misfortune.
a .① infrequently occurring; uncommon 稀有的
嘲笑他的不幸是很残酷的。
Stealing is of rare occurrence in this area.
①模拟的a moc/c 模拟面试
盗窃在这个地区很少发生。
© 假的 mock leather 人造车 // mock h〇7T〇r
② excellent; extraordinary 珍 奇 的 ⑽ pamto
假装的害怕
is a 7'are animal in the world
. 熊 猫 是 世 界
上一种稀有动物。
minor /maina/
③ thin in density(空气等）稀薄的77说
【助记】min(小）+or(表示比较级)一► 较小的
you climb up the mountain, the rarer the
a. lesser in amount size, importance, seriousness
air is.越往山上欣，空气越稀薄
etc.较小的；次要的【反 major】77祕 ogresses
④ 煎得嫩的 Would you like the steak weU
are always given a minor part in the
done or rare?你喜欢牛排煎得透一点，还是略
/amows fiorw/.名片《007》中的
生一点？
女演员总是扮演次要的角色。
【派生】rarely故/•很少；稀奇地// rarity /I•罕见；
/!.未成年人 This bar does not serve minors.
稀有的事物
这家酒吧不对未成年人开放。
vL to pursue academic studies in a minor field striking /straikiry
(〜/w)(大学中）副 修 S/祕 majored iw a•①显著的【同noticeable】//e noticed some
amf miwored iw 她主修英文，副修 striking similarities between the two cultures.
教育。 他注意到两种文化间一些惊人的相似之处
②惹人注目的 She is a very striking young
minority /mainnriti/
wwnan.她是一位非常引人注目的年轻女子
① 少数【反 majority】77说 is sw6ord-
专四真题
inate to the majority.少教服队多教。
② 少数民族 There have been laws to protect In Mexico, the meaning and organization of
the rights of ethnic minorities.现已有各种 domestic space is strikingly different.
保护少數民族人民权利的法律, 译文：在墨西哥，家庭空间的意义和布局明显不同
scarce /skeas/ minimum /'minimam/
a. (D insufficient to meet a demand; short in 【助记】mini(小)+mum(表示最岛级)一►最小tt
• 65 •a .最小的minirrmm 最低工资 (Da usually violent occurrence; a hostile clash
w . 最低限度，最 少 置 772^/切awf /,〇 spmd a 蓐件 The Xi’an Incident was a yery im
minimum of both time and money.他们想 portant turning point in China’s modem
花费最少的时间和钱 西安事变是中国近代史上的一个很重
要的转折点。
maximum /maeksimam/
【助记】maxi(大）+nium(表示最高级)一► 最大的 hence /hens/
a.最高的，最 大 的 marimwrw .sp從d 最高速度 ad. 0 因此【同 therefore】 ft’s /wmdmode and
n.最大艰度 Diivers must, not exceed a mcurimum 这是手工做的，因此很贵。
〇/ 55 mites an towr. 驾驶员不得超过每小时
®今后 The problem will have its main effect
55英里的最高速限 seueraZ years 这个问题的主要影响将在
今后几年内表现出来。
sparse /spa:s/
仏 not thick or dense 零散的，稀疏的 7Ms is a generalise/-ize A^enaraiaiz/
country of sparse population.达是个人口稀 vi. to form general notions or conclusions 概括，
少的小国
推断 It’s stupid to generalize and say that
all young people are rude.泛泛而论说，所有
sensation /senseiJan/
的年轻人都很粗鲁是愚蠢的。
【助记】sens(感觉）+ation—► 感觉能力
【派生】generalisation w• 概括，归纳
/!•①感觉能力；感觉 coZowr smsaMcm色彩感// /f
was a strange sensation—it seems I’ve been circular /s3：kjuia/
那是一种奇怪的感觉----仿佛我 【助记】circul(圆）+ar—► 圆形的
以前到过那地方似的 a .①圆形的Afosi s如也以肌5 are 大多
②轰动 The mass media go a long way to 數体育场都是圆形的。
pursue whatever that can cause a sensation. ©moving around in a circle a circular
为了达到轰动效应，媒体会不遗余力。 to议r环程旅行
【派生】sensational a•轰动的；极好的 /i. 通知 Have you seen that circular from the
/wmirt/re cew妙 ？你看到那家新开的家具
extraordinary /ik'stroidanari/
中心的通告了吗？
【助记】extra(在…之外）+ordinary(平常的）一►平常
之外的—不平常的 circulate /s3：kjuieit/
a. very unusual or remarkable 不平常的，非凡 【助记】circul(圆的）+ate(使)—循环
体} Her strength of will was extmonliuary.
v•① to move in or flow through a circle (使）循
她的意志力非凡。
环 The heart circulates blood round the
unique /ju：'ni：k/
6od2/.心胜使血液在身体中循环流动。 BZood
circulates around the body.紅液在全身循坏。
【助记】unUonehque—^唯一的
②to spread widely among persons or places
仏 ①being the only one of its kind 唯一的，独特
散布 Those who circulate false news should
的 Each pe7.son’s fingerprints are unique.
散布流言者应该受到健责。
每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。
【派生1 circulation /!•循环；流通；流传；发行量
② remarkable; extraordinary 极不寻常的 //&
talent is quite unique• 他的天才是无以伦比的。
circuit /*s3：kit/
【用法】unique意为“独一无二的”，没有比较级和最
n.①电路 There must be a break in the circuit.
高级。
电路中一定有断路
incident /insidant/ ②环行 did a circw以 〇/ oW
n. ①a particular occurrence, esp. one of minor
我们绕着旧城墙走了一圈3
importance发生的事的饥:〇/ incident小事 【派生 1 short-circuit v.短路
• 66 •define /difain/ vt. to divide into parts for distribution (〜out)分配
【助记】de(down)+fme(末端，范围)—定下范围—限定 The money was portioned out among them.
v/.①给…下 定 义 从 w do cte/ine 那笔钱被他们分了。
in你s?你怎样定义“幸福”？
metaphor /metefa/
② to specify distinctly 限定 77於 secern
【助记】 meta (over, across) +phor (=fer 搬运）一►—
the extent of application of the A ct.该条款
个词的含义搬到另一个词上—隐喻
用来限定该法令的适用范围。
n•隐喩 This metaphor is beyond all compre-
【派生】definition W•定义，限定 // indefinable a•难
这个隐喻难以理解,:，
下定义的
signify /sigmfai/
entry /entn/
【助记】sign(标记）+ify(做）—做标记—表示…的意
n. ①参赛的人（或物）77犯 分 ⑼ 的 /切似a
思
/iZm /or jFVance.获奖作品是一部法国
v/. to denote; be a sign of表示…的意思，预示
短片。
Wwif cto s切w奶/?这些符号表示
@进\ The PLA made a triumphant entry
什么意思？ // A fever usuaUy signifies that
into⑽ towm. 解放军凯旋入城〇
there is something wrong with the body. 发
③ 入 n 处 You can leave your umbrella in
烧预示着身体有毛病。
雨伞可放于入口处
④ 登记 He made an entry in his diary 专四真题
他每天晚上记日记 Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes
used to signify marriage.
Sack /saek/
译文：如何吃是一种隐喻，有时枝用来象征婚姻
【助记】缺少(lack)干劲,被解雇(sack)
状态。
/i. ①麻袋，包 a sadc o/^/towr —袋面粉
② [the〜]解雇 If you don’t work harder you’ll
ancient /einj^nt/
分扣认6 scwA.如果你不更加卖力工作，就会被炒
a•①古代的 This book gives you a good idea
鱿鱼。
〇/ m anciewi Greece. 这本书使你对古希
③ [the〜]洗劫 the sack of Rome in 1527 1527
腊生活有一个清楚的概念a
年罗马大洗劫
②年老的 That photo makes me look ancient!
v/. ©to discharge from employment 解雇价 w;似
那张照片显得我很老！
sacked for being drunk.他西触酒而被解泉。
@to rob of goods or valuables, esp. after ca- ancestor /aensesta/
pture 洗劫 The invaders sacked the city•優 【助记】an(先）+ces(去）+tor(表人）—先驱
略者把这座城市洗劫一空。 w. ①祖先 anc邸tors to Ar/ierica on
他的祖先是乘“五月花”号来到
snack /snaek/
美洲的。
/i.快餐、魚心 Snaek bars have become a famil
(Da forerunner or predecessor Babbage's
iar sight in most big cities. \k备龟在 多教欠
invention was the ancestor of the modem
城市里随处可见。
compiler. 巴比奇的发明是现代计算机的原型。
steak /steik/ 【派生】ancestral a•祖先的// ancestry /I•祖先
n. 牛排 stozA is so tough that it tastes 【归类卡片】单 称 1/.S. 总称
like shoe leather. 我的牛排硬得像靴子上的皮革。 单称 总称 词义
ancestor ancestry 祖先
portion /*po:Jan/
machine machinery 机器
n. — ^ A large portion of the company's
poem poetry 诗歌
profit goes straight back into new projects.
scene scenery 景色
公司的大部分利润直接投入到新的项目中u
• 67 •marital /maeritl/ 这对夫妇离婚了。
a.婚姻的 Ife is faced with the fact of an ②to cut off; separate 分离 // is “沁
i?remediable tnarital breakdown. divorce sport from politics.运动很难完全故
他 面 临 着 婚
姻破裂不可挽救的事实 离政治。
【用法】该词可作及物动词，〜 sb .表 示 “与某人离
divorce /di'v〇：s/
婚”，〜 … and...表示“(法官)判…与…离婚
w. ①离婚 divorce
离婚率 spouse /spauz/
® 分离 They advocated 【助记】发音：“死抱死"―
a complete divorce of 死都要抱在一起死—
government and reli- 配偶
殳iori他们主张政教完全 /i. 配 偶 cri如ia 〇/
分离。 choosing spouse #
①离婚 ffe divorced his wife Iasi week. 偶标准
他上
个星期和妻子离婚了^ 77犯 divorced.典型考题精练
1. The scientists have made an _______ study of the viruses that cause the disease.
A. exhausted B. exhausting C. exhaustive D. exhaustion
2. The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly _______ source of raw
materials, of which only a few have been utilized.
A. exploited B. controversial C. inexhaustible D. remarkable
3. They are trying to _______ the waste discharged by the factory for profit.
A. expose B. exhaust C. exhibit D. exploit
4. In spite of the , it seemed that many of the invited guests would still show up.
A. deviation B. distinction C. controversy D. comparison
5. Do you own your apartment or are you a ?
A. tenant B. customer C. client D. proprietor
6. The tenant left nothing behind except some of paper, cloth, etc.
A. sheets B. scraps C. pages D. slices
7. We all know that Mary has had a strict _______.
A. growth B. upbringing C. development D. cultivation
8. _______ elephants are different from wild elephants in many aspects, including their tempers.
A. Cultivated B. Regulated C. Civil D. Tame
9. I suggested he should himself to his new conditions.
A. adopt B. regulate C. suit D. adapt
10. All the rooms on the second floor have nicely _______ carpets, which are included in the price of
the house.
A. adapted B. equipped C. suited D. fitted
11. Animals that could not _______ themselves to the changed environment perished and those that
could survive.
A. change B. adapt C. modify D. conform
12. There is a fully _______ health center on the ground floor of the main office building.
A. installed B. equipped C. provided D. projected
13. As visiting scholars, they willingly to the customs of the country they live in.
A. submit B. conform C. subject D. commit
14. The increase in student numbers _ many problems for the universities.
A. forces B. presses C. provides D. poses
15. Several models _____ in the park for photographers yesterday.
A. provided B. pressed C. gestured D. posed
16. The priest made the _______ of the cross when he entered the church.
A. mark B. signal C. sign D. gesture
17. Drive straight ahead, and then you will see a to the Shanghai-Nai\jing Expressway.
A. sign B. mark C. signal D. board
18. Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people; they are
available these days.
A. promptly B. instantly C. readily D. quickly
19. We should always bear in mind that _______ decisions often result in serious consequences.
A. urgent B. instant C. prompt D. hasty
20. The problems requiring immediate solution will be given at the meeting.
• 69 •A. priority B. urgency C. superiority D. emergency
21. After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was _______.
A. leaking B. trickling C. dripping D. floating
22. Shares on the stock market have _______ as a result of a world-wide economic downturn.
A. turned B. changed C. floated D. fluctuated
23. I couldn't sleep last night because the tap in the bathroom was _______.
A. draining B. dropping C. spilling D. dripping
24. You cannot imagine how _______ I feel with my duties sometimes.
A. overflowed B. overthrown C. overwhelmed D. overturned
25. His _______ brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.
A. rich B. quick C. productive D. fertile
26. The tone of the article _______ the writer’s mood at the time.
A. reproduced B. reflected C. imagined D. imitated
27. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are
in a .
A. minority B. scarcity C. rarity D. minimum
28. This spacious room is _______ furnished with just a few articles in it.
A. lightly B. sparsely C. hardly D. rarely
29. With _______ exceptions, the former president does not appear in public now.
A. rare B. unusual C. extraordinary D. unique
30. Medical students are advised that the wearing of a white coat _______ the acceptance of a
professional code of conduct expected of the medical profession.
A. supplements B. simulates C. signifies D. swears
% 答案与译文
1. 【c ] 科学家对导致这种疾病的病毒进行了详尽的研究。
2. [C]这个地区丰富多样的热带植物表明这里似乎有取之不碣的原材料，但得到利用的原材料只有一
点点。
3. [D]他们正试图利用工厂废物赚钱。
4. [C】尽管有争议，但看来很多被邀请的客人还是会出席的。
5. [A]你的公寓是你买下的还是租下的？
6. [B]房客除了一些纸屑、布片外什么也没留下。
7. [B]我们都知道，玛丽很有教养。
8. [D]驯养的大象在许多方面都与野生大象不同，包括它们的脾气。
9. [D]我建议他应该使自己适应新的环境。
10. [D]二楼的所有房间都有铺好的地毯，含在房价中。
11. [B]那些不能适应变化了的环境的动物灭绝了，而能够适应的动物则生存下来，
12. [B】在主办公楼的底楼有一家设备齐全的健身中心。
1 3. 丨B1作为访问学者，他们愿意遵守所在国的风俗习惯。
14. [D]学生人数的增长给大学带来了很多问题3
15. [D]昨天在公园里有几个模特儿摆姿势供摄影者拍照。
16. [C]牧师进入教堂的时候在胸前画了个十字，
17. [A]直接向前开，然后你会看见一个路标指向上海-南京高速公路.
18. [C]对普通人来说，个人电脑不再是遥不可及；如今，个人电脑很容易获得。
• 70 •19. [D]我们应该时刻记住：仓促的决定会带来严重的后果。
20. [A]需要马上解决的问题将在会上优先解决。
21. [A]大雨过后，建筑者被叫来修补漏水的屋顼。
22. [D] — 场世界范围的经济衰退使股市股票价格出现了波动。
23. [D】我昨晚因为卫生间的水龙头一直滴滴答答而无法入睡:
24. [C] 你无法想象有时我对于自己的工作负荷感到多么力不从心。
25. [D]他那才思泉涌的大脑已在进一步思考着要寻找一种普遍运用的治疗方案。
26. [B]这篇文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。
2 7 . 【/V]大多数护士都是女性，但在医学界拥有较高职务的人中，女性却占少数。
28. [B]这间宽敞的房间里只是零零落落地摆了几件家具。
29. [A]除了在很少见的情况下，前总统如今不在公共场合露面了。
30. [C]医学系学生被告知穿上白大掛就意味着接受了医学专业所期望具有的专业行为准则。
• 71 •□mere □leisure □numerous □fatigue □preside □receipt
□bare □claim □massive □stress □introduction □reception
□barren □reclaim □justice □excitement □dominate □celebrity
□vibrate □exclaim □justify □temper □dominant □renowned
□vibrant □proclaim □judicial □crisis □welfare □fame
□violate □declaration □provision □beware □consist □costume
□violent □confirm □preparation □economical □constitute □costly
□severe □confess □requirement □economy □comprise □crew
□extreme □acknowledge □particularly □stagnant □rural □strand
□radical □account □peculiar □motion □suburb □remote
□bitterly □behalf □specific □activate □urban □isolate
□absurd □intend □specialize/-ise □split □educate □monarch
□ridiculous □intention □speciality □mobile □compulsory □reign
□likewise □desirable □species □vehicle □graduate □suicide
□entertain □elegant □specify □frugal □curriculum □slash
□recreation □acceptance □weary □thrift □extracurricular □census
mere /mia/ barren discussion毫无结策的讨论
a. ① 仅 仅 的 /Z is a m /te.这仅仅是件小
vibrate /vai'breit/
事。
v. to move back and forth or from side to side
② 纯 粹 的 7 M s 私 a r/iere cm:执
with very short, quick movements (使）振动，
icm.这纯粹是个算术问题，
(使）摇摆 wfeote stolon seemed 如 vi-
bare /bea/ brate as the express train nished through.
a• ①赤裸的the bare truth赤裸裸的事实// in 当高速列车疾驰而过时，整个车站都仿佛在震
feare/e扮赤脚 动。 // The noise vibrated the table.嗓音使
® 光秀的 The garden looked bare in winter、 桌子颤动起来。
切名执/ew; 冬天，花园里光秃先的，几乎 【派生】vibration /I•振动，颤动；感触，共鸣
没有花草。
③ 勉強的 He earns a bare living by his
w;orA:.他的工作收入勉强维持生活。
vt. to uncover or reveal; expose B 3S The dog
bared its teeth and growled.那条狗級牙听嘴
地低p孔。
【派生】barely似/•仅仅，几乎不 a. ①额动的 The leaves were vibmut in the
breeze.叶子在微风中抖动。
barren /baeran/
② 响亮的a voice响亮的嗓音
a. (I)贫搭的，荒宪的 Cold winds swept over the
③充 满生气的77紹 is vibrawf祕以/? Zi/e.
6armi p/airw.寒风刮过荒艽的平原。
这城市充满生机。
② 不结果实的a 6arrew, free不结果的树
④ 鲜明的 Bright， vibrant colours charac-
③ unproductive of results or gains 无益的 a
ter&e painiir设s. 他的画以明亮轻快的色
• 72 •彩为特征 经常走极端。
【派生】extremely似/•非常，极其// extremist w.极
violate /Vaialeit/
端主义者
v/•① to disregard or act in a manner that does
not conform to a law, promise, etc. iSS The radical /raedik^l/
construction company violated the tenns of 【助记】radi(根）+cal—►根木的
co⑹这家建筑公司违反了合同里的条 a. ©very basic and important $ W He made
款。 a radical change in the plan.他对这份计划
② to abuse or show disrespect for 亵渎 77^ 做了彻底的修改。
soldiers violated the church by using it as ②激进的 / fcnow; 2/(m are rodica/ in 2/owr
a stoWe. 士兵们把教堂当马厩用而亵渎了它。 thinking， but don’t, go too far. A 知道你思想
③ 侵 犯 Fbw Wofcr切d my 你侵犯了 激进，但不要走极端&
我的稳私。 w. 激进分子
【派生】violation n.违反；褒渎；干扰 【派生】radicalism "•激进主义
专四真题
violent /vaialont/
a .①暴力引起的a viotewZ /i/rw暴力影片 Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that
②猛烈的 English soccer fans were often a radical revision of the school calendar is
involved in violent clashes with the police. inevitable.
英国足球迷经常卷入和警察的激烈冲突： 译文：和许多人一样，Boyer博士认为对目前的
【派生】violence n.狂暴；暴力 校历进行一次彻底的修改是不可避免的
severe /si'via/ bitterly /bitaii/
a. ①very bad, serious, or unpleasant 严重的於 ① 带有苦味地 SeWom /?似 an eteciicm victory
vere sfw?
，
tage/ pain /st
〇
77ns
严重短故/职痛乘队 tasted so bitterly of defeat.辑有选举敗利遭
秦雨 // She received severe head injuries in 受如此苦涩的挫敗感。
accident她在事故中头部受了重伤。 ② 悲痛地 She was penniless and wept bitter-
② harsh, strict 严厉的 77^ pranier /沒 mis/or^r祕s.她一贫如洗，为自己的
imder severe 这位总理遭到严厉的 不幸悲痛地哭泣
抨击。 ③ 非常地6“如 切co/d很冷
③ extremely difficult to perform or endure 严
absurd /8bS3：d/
峻的 They can withstand severe tests.他们
a. completely stupid or unreasonable 荒谬的 ft’s
能经得起严峻的考验。
absurd that the number “13” brings bad
④ 朴素的a severe 朴素的文体
认为数字13不吉利大荒唐了
extreme /ikstri：m/
ridiculous /n.dikjulas/
【助记】extre(在…之外）+me(我)一>在我忍受的极限
【助记】rid(笑）+1(011+0118— 可笑的
之外—极端
a. very silly or unreasonable 可笑的，荒谬的
仏 ① 极 度 的 p a i n 极度痛苦// 77吻/ are
Wfeaf a si/仰 多 么 荒 谬 的 建 议 ！
living in extreme povei^ty. ^ S 〇
【派生】ridicule ；!>/•嘲笑，i几笑
②末端的 TTiere’s a French restaurant at the
extreme end of the street• 在&条銜的 &头有 likewise /laikwaiz/
一家法国餐馆。
【助记】like(相同的）+wise(方式)一*•同样地
n. 极端 Love and hatred are extremes.愛与很 似/.① in the same way 同样地 / /o/d M m to
是两个极端。 ^ 朦 and rfo 我叫他仔细看着
【短语】 in the extreme 非常，极其 // go to extremes 我，并且照样做。
走极端 Some people often go to extremes ©in addition; also ik It was said that hom
when it comes to politics.谈反政治，有些人 elessness rvas increasing. Likewise，unem
• 73 •ployment was u p .据悉元家可归的乂在增多， 们予以注意。
失业人数也在增加。 /i.索赔；声称d a i m / o m 索赔申请表
【短语】lay claim to声称对…有权利" 执^ fand
entertain /.enta'tein/
really belongs to you， why don’t you lay
v•① to show hospitality to guests 款待
daim to “？如果这块地真正属于你，为什么你
erUertained us to dinner last night.玛丽昨
不据理力争呢？
晚设宴款待了我们。// en如tairw a
【用法】
ateaZ.她常常请客。
the car to be his. x
②to hold the attention of sb. with sth. am-
to be the owner of the car. V
He claimed
using 给 …娱乐 We hired a magician to
that he was the owner of the
entertain the children at the party.氣们庥
car. V
了一个魔术师在派对上逗孩子们开心。
该词表示“声称”时，可跟不定式或that从句，也可以
【派生】entertainment «•款待；娱乐 // entertainer /I.
用 it 作形式主语(It is claimed that...)。
演艺人员；款待者// entertaining 〇•使人得到娱
乐的 reclaim /ri'kieim/
【助记】re(back)+claim(呼喊)— 喊回来―要回
recreation /.rekri'eijan/
v/•①to demand the restoration or return of sth.
【助记】re (again)+creat(e)(产生）+ion—►—再产生乐
要回 / ftare tried to reclaim my money
趣^消遣
你<02^ success.我没能把钱要回来。
/i. activities done for enjoyment 娱乐活动，消遗
② 开垦(荒地）火
Karaoke is many young people’s favorite
claims more land from the sea than its origi-
recr從 唱 卡 拉 O K 是许多年轻人喜欢的误
no/size传说荷兰填海造地获得的土地面积比它原
乐活动。
来的国土面积还大。
③t o recycle 回收 redai肌 而 ma£eria/5
leisure • f\ezel
/rom切似切s 从废物中回收有价值的材料
n. ①free time when one is not working 闲暇 /
have no leisure for playing cards.我没有闲 exclaim /ikskieim/
暇玩牌c
【助记】ex(out)+claim(喊)一►呼喊
(Denjoyable activities that you do when you v. to say sth. suddenly and loudly because you
are not working 悠闲 //e Zived a fo/e 〇/ are surprised, angry, or excited 呼喊，惊叫 77於
leisure on a handsome income.他凭借一笔 little girl exclaimed in delight when she saw
可观的收入过着悠闲的生活。 presente. 小女孩一见到礼物就高兴得叫了起
【短语】at leisure闲暇时；从容不迫地//e on 象。 // He exclaimed that he was hung?^/.他叫
the chair and began his lecture at leisure. 喊说他饿了。
他靠在椅子上开始从容地进行他的演讲了。 【派生】exclamation w.呼喊；惊叹，感叹词
claim /kleim/
vt. ®to state to be true, esp. when open to ques-
Won 声称【同 declare】/fe /wzdnY
done if, but I didn’t believe him 他声称没有做
这件事，可是我不相信他。
② to demand; ask for对…提出要求，索取5/紹
could have claimed the cost through her
i似zmmce. 她本可以通过保险索赔。
③ (灾难等)使失踪或死亡77紹⑹ cteimed 【助记】pro (before) +claim (呼喊）一► 在众人前面大
涊物你事故夺去了 32条生命。 叫—宣告
④ to deserve or call for; require 需要，值得 vt ®to announce officially and publicly; declare
77祕 mator owr 这事需要我 宣吿 The government proclaimed a state of
• 74 •emer众ewcy. 政府宣布了紧急状态3 responsibility for the bombing 他们承认对这
(Dto show sth. clearly or be a sign of sth. M 起爆炸负责的广播消息
示 In Britain one’s accent proclaims his 众多的
a•众多的 New York City’s numerous skyscrapers
intention /m'tenjan/
give the city its special character, in 约市 A
ii. a plan or desire to do sth.意图，目的 77紹
多的摩天大楼賦予了这个城市独有的特征。
road to fiell is paved with good intentions.
[谅]好心办坏事 // Good acts are better than massive Anaesiv/
分ood irUenfions. 好的行动胜于好的意图 【助记】mass(大量）+ive—大 的
【派生】intentional a• 有意的，故意的 a, ① very large and heavy A massive
r ^
monument was erected in the front of the
【辨析】表示"目标、目的”的名词
.sgware.广场前立起了一块巨大的纪念碑
aim:付出努力的总目标，努力的方向
②large in amount or degree 大 11 的 Dodors
intention:打算做的事情
discourage massive doses of painkillers.医
purpose:做某事想达到的目的，打算做某事的原
生不赞成大量服用止痛片
^------------------------------------------------------^
justice /*d3Astis/
desirable /di'zaiarabl/
【助记】just(正义）+ice*— 正义，公正
【助记】desir(e)(期望)+able (可…的)一► 值得想望的
w•① fairness 正义，公正【反 injustice】 “ do
仏 ① 值 得 想 望 的 i s ⑽/. easy to分扣a 办-
maintain justice, justice icill not maintain
sirable job that corresponds with interests.
似. 我们不维护正义，正义就不会维护我们：
要找到一份与志趣相符的合意工作是不容易的。
② 司 法 Z)印 〇/ [美】司法部
②可取的a ctesiraWc? sofw以ow可取的解决方法
【短语】do justice t o 公正地评判// bring", to
【派生】undesirable a 不受欢迎的;不合意的;讨厌的
justice 把…交付审判 77k? poZice do a//
they can to bring criminals to justice.警方
elegant /eiigant/
必须竭尽全力追捕罪犯，将他们绳之以法
【助记】e (out) +leg (挑选）+ant—►精心挑选出来的一►
讲究的 justify /'d3Astifai/
a.①graceful and attractive 优美的，讲究的/Vin-
【助记】just(正义）+ify(使)— 证明…正当
cess Diana's elegant manners are always
V/. to prove sth. to be just, right, or reasonable
within the memm^y of people.氟安娜玉把优
证明…正当，为…辩 护 7 7 〇/ stock/
雅的举止总是留在人们的记忆中。
ends does not justify the employment of
② simple and clever 简练的 His elegant 占.追求正当的目的并不能为使用不正
piece of 7、easoning impressed me deeply•他 当的 + 没 _ 护 // Nothing can justify such
简要明确的论证给我留下深刻的印象： carete沾 如 此 粗 心 的 错 误 不 可 原 谅
【派生】elegance n• 高雅，精美 【派生】unjustified a• 木公正的，无正当理由的
acceptance /ak'septans/ judicial /d3u：'di/3i/
【助记】accept(v• 接受）的名词 【助记】judic (判断)+ial—>审判的
/ !.①接受 Please confirm your acceptance of a . ①司法的，审判的77紹 ctecicted to
执 oj〇%r in w/l/n众.请书面确认你接受这项 judicial proceedings against the company.
建议。 工人们决定对公司正式提起诉讼
②承认 The idea rapidly gained acceptance ②明断的 He is a man with a judicial
• 76 •mind.他是个公正的人。 to… …往有的 // This is a species of bi7，d
peci/Ziar to 这是一种亚洲独有的鸟
provision /pravi33n/
/f. 特有财产，特权 ft’s 狀’s pecWicrr to
【助记】pro(forward)+vis(#)+ion—► 向前濟，未雨網
use this meeting room.使用这间会议室是经
缪—准备
理的特权。
n. (Dthe act of supplying or providing sth.供应
【派生】peculiarity w• 特色；怪癖；特殊的东两
The government is responsible for the pivvis-
ion of education for aU the children.政府 specific /spi'sifik/
有责任向所有儿童提供教育 【助记】speci(种类)+fic-'■►某种的一*•特定的
②a preparatory action or measure 准备 a. ① relating to a particular person, situation,
did not make any provision for his children’s etc.特定的，特有的 My research deals with
他没为孩子的教育作任何准备 speci/ic to Wgsf 我专门研究
® a particular requirement in a law, rule, or 西非特有的风俗习惯。
agreement 条款 77i^/ /aited 吣 ow/ ②precise or exact明确的，具 体 的 /似/rwc-
他们没有按照规定办事 tions for a nation-rcide test must be spe-
④[/?/.】给养阶 iwto towm 如 stodc wp cm ci/ic.全国统考的考试指令必须详细而明确
为了储备食物我们进了城。 /i. [pi.]详情 Okay，that’s the broad plan—let’s
get down to the specifics• 好，这 l 息的计
preparation /.prepa'reijan/
划—— 下面来谈谈具体细节:，
【助记】prepare(v• 准备）的名同形式
【辨析】表示“具体”的形容词
n .①准备（工作、 Preparation fo?， a wedding
concrete:指通过感官能看到、听到、触到的具体
ccm a ccrnpk. 娘礼的准备工作可以使
东西，其反义词是abstract
一对夫妇筋疲力尽
specific: 側重指具体的细节，是与general ( —
②制剂Wo/收ica/ •印ara/ion生物制剂
般）、vague(模糊）相对的具体
【派生】preparatory fl• 预备的，筹备的 - - ---------- ^
requirement /ri'kwaiamant/ specialize/-ise /spe/aiaiz/
【助记】require(要求）+ment—要求 【助记】special (专门的）+ize—专攻
w• ①sth. that is required; a necessity 要求，必要 Vi. to pursue a special activity, occupation, or
条件 A requirement for this job is that the field of study ^ The doctor specializes in
applicants should have experience in a c/iiWmi’si/Zness從.该医生专门研究儿科疾病
rotated/idd. 这份工作的一个要求是求职者应 【派生】specialist n•专家
有相关的经验
specialty/speciality /spejaiti； .speji'aeiiti/
②sth. that is needed or that must be done
"• ©4$/^ Hami melon is a specialty in Xin-
霖要的东西 The refugees’ main requirements
jiang.哈密瓜是新嫌的犄产
are/ood cmrf 难民的主要需求是食物
②^业，专长 His academic speciality is lang
和住所。
uage history and change. 他研 究的学 禾领成
particularly /pa'tikjuiaii/ 是语言史及其演变
ad 特别，尤其 Everyone has a moment in history
species ，spi:ji:z/
which belongs particularly to him•每个乂在
/i.种，类 The (yrigin of Species was one of the
历史上都有只属于他自己的一刻。
most important books published dumng the
peculiar /pi’kju:iie/ 79你 • 《物种起源》是 19世纪出版的最
a•① not ordinary or usual; odd or strange 奇怪 重要的著作之一。
的 The fisk has a peculiar taste.这灸有股
specify /spesifai/
怪味。
【助记】speci(种类Hfy(使卜^吏明确到种类—明确说明
②of, relating to, or found in (only one person，
thing or place)特有的【同 unique】 押cwKar V/. to state sth. in an ex含ct and detailed way 明确
• 77 •说艰 The regulations specify that calculators ②令人兴奋的事77祕 uis以ing circles ims an
may not be used in the examination 敗奶中 excitement to every child in town.马戍面的
明确说明考试时不得使用计算器。 到来使镇上每个孩子都感到兴奋。
【派生】excited a.激动的// excitable a•易激动的
weary /wieri/
a.①physically or mentally tired 疲劳的 a temper /*tempa/
劳累的一天 n. ① 脾 气 i/Z temper坏牌气
②bored or annoyed by sth.令人厌倦的 77祕 ②锁度temper of the clay粘土的硬度
people are growing weary of the war. ^ 民 v/•① to make sth. less severe or extreme 调和
对这场战争越来越厌倦了。 Eventually, Williams taught himself to temper
vi.(〜of)厌烦 Young people weary of countless 最终，成廉斯告诫自己要用
a n d 年轻人对各种清规戒 幽默来缓解怒气。
② to harden or strengthen sth. by heating
律感到厌烦
and cooling it 使回火 to (emper steeZ
fatigue /f〇'ti：g/ and swdrfe/i codi卿通过加热和驟冷
【助记】发音：“肥体格肥胖的人容易累- 疲劳 来炼钢
/i. physical or mental weariness resulting from 【短语】lose one’s temper发脾气，发怒Losi/^
effort or activity; very great tiredness 疲劳 //e your temper ojlen will add lines to your
was beaten out with fatigue when he got 经常发脾气会让你的脸增添皱纹的
feome. 他回到家里时已是疲惫不堪 【派生】bad-tempered a•脾气坏的
v. to tire out; exhaust(使）疲劳 77说 /msfe cmd
Crisis /'kraisis/
bustle of city life fatigues many people. 奔
n. a difficult or dangerous situation that needs
波的城市生活使很多人精疲力竭// 37紹
serious attention 危机；决定性时刻 Cars
fatigues easily. 病、容 h氣劳
up for gas during the energy crisis of
stress /stres/ i97么 在 1972年能源危机期间，汽车排着长队
n .①a condition of extreme difficulty, pressure, 加油 II In times of crisis you find out
or strain 压力 She failed to withstand the 2/cmr rea/ JHewrfs are•危难关头你就会
stresses and st7，ains of public life•地永受不 发现谁是真正的朋友。
了作为一个公众人物的生活压力和紧张 【用法】魟数形式为crises.
② importance, significance, or emphasis placed
【归类卡片】名词复数不规则变化中的规则
on sth. 强调 /ay/pz/f stress cm 着重于，把重 analysis— analyses
A 故在… Jl // That school lays stress on basis— bases 基础
English.那所學忮注重荚语. diagnosis— diagnoses 诊断
③ 重音 Give stress to the second syllable•重 emphasis— emphases 重点
读第二个音节。
hypothesis— hypotheses 假设
④ 应力 the stress exerted on an aircraft’s thesis— theses 论文
分飞机机翼的应力 t
vt•強调重读 In his speech^ he stressed that we beware /bi'wea/
，
should be punctual.在他的发言中强调的一点 v. to be careful (〜 谨 防 ，当心 /wnp 2/cm
是，我们必须准时。 handle this dangerous substance.注意你处理
这种兔 ft 品的方法 // Beware of pickpockets.
excitement /ik'saitmant/
提防扒手
【助记】ex (out) +cit,e (叫喊）+ment—►“激动”得喊出
economical /.iikanomikal/
来
n•①激动 As the end of the game grew nearer， 【助记】eco (家）+nom (治理）+ical—► 勤俭持家的一*•省
the crowd's excitement increased.随着比赛 俭的，节约的
接近尾声，观众越来越激动。 a . 节约的，经济的【反wasteful】 Some 分es are
• 78 •equipped with a modem and economical burglar alarm is activated by movement. 这
“卿句/对 —些村庄里安装了现代化的经济 防盗警报器一动就会响3
型供暖系统_ 【派生】activist /I•积极分子
economy /I'knnami/ split /split/
【助记】发音：“依靠农民发展“经济”离不开农民 【助记】发音：“死劈了它”―劈开
/I.① 经 济 全 球 /国内经 Vi. to become separated into parts 分裂 The
济 party split over segregation.该免在种族满离
(Dcareful use of money, resources, etc. 节约 问题上分歧严重;，
You should learn to practice economy in vt•①撕裂 He split his pants at the seams wken
making out the household budget.你 &当在 over.他弯下身去时，把裤子接缝处绷裂
制订家庭预算时学会精打细算
了。
【派 生 】economic a 经济上的/!• M 经 济 学 //
② to divide money, food, etc. among people
economist n // economise^-ize v. , or things 分担，分享 ^ cos/ 〇/ 如?
紧缩开支 m^a/.我们分摊餐费吧
w. ①裂口 cr sp汾 m my Zroitsers我轉子上的一
专四真题
个口子
We have a crisis on our hands. You mean
②分裂 over admitting women
global warming? The world economy? No,
to the club may lead to a split.在接受切~k
the decline of reading.
参加俱乐部问题上的争论能导致分裂
译文：我们正面临着危机你是指全球变暖问
题？世界经济问题？不，是阅读衰退的问题 【短语】split u p 断绝关系;划分/n 7卯 人 細 t/SS/?
split up into its constituent republics. 1991
Stagnant / staegnant/ 年，前苏联分裂成为联邦的各个共和国。
«•① not flowing (指水1因不流动而污浊的s/a沒而⑽ 【用法】过 去 式 、过去分词 split。
porwte死水潭
mobile /msubaii/
②not active, changing, or progressing 不景气
【助记】中国移动China Mobile
的 Due to low investmenty industrial output
s沾分而n t 由于投资少，工业生产 a .①运动的；机动的 Joh?i converted the truck
into a mobile Ubiury.约輪将卡车改裝成了一
一直停滞不前。
【派生】stagnation /I•不流动；不景气 个流动图书馆
②多变的 He kas tfie mobile face of an
motion /maufan/
actor.他有一张演员一样的表情多变的脸。
【助记】mot(移动Hion—运动
/i. 移动电话 Give me a call on my mobile.
/I.①运动 You must not get out of the car
Have you got my mobile number?给A 屯话
以 is m mo/ion. 汽车行驶的时候千万
吧你有我的手机号码吗？
不能下车。
【派生】mobility /!•可动性，机动性
②手势mo/ce a mofiow打了个手势
(3)a formal suggestion or proposal that is made vehicle /Vi:ikl/
at a meeting for sth to be done 提议 77论 【助记】vehi(运载）+cle(个体)— 车辆
motion was adopted by a majoHty of six /!.①交通工具，车 辆 /《 《如 /ir幻
w 物. 该提议以6 票的多数获得采纳。 in space. 它成为第一个能重复使用的
v. to direct by making a gesture (向…）打手势 Zfe
宇宙交通工具。
i凡他招手让我进来
©a medium through which sth. is transmitted,
【派生】motionless a• 不动的，静止的
expressed, or accomplished 传播媒介，工具，手
段 Television has become an important
activate /aektiveit/
vehicle for spreading political ideas. 电视已
【助记】activ(e)(活动的）+ate(使)—使活动
成为传播政治思想的重要媒介。
v/. to set in motion; make active 使活动起来 77祕
• 79 •frugal /fruigal/ dominant /dominant/
a. careful to buy only what is necessary 节俭 a. ①占优势的 P&G is in a
的，节约的 As children we were taught to be in the market of their daily chemical
frugal and hard-working. *i、 H 候:k 人牧 A 们 prodwcte.宝洁公司在日用化工产品市场上处优
要勤俭 势地位。
② 居 高 临 下 的 77祕 casfe撕 似 m a
thrift /0nft/
dominani pos以icm on a fei/Z. 城堡建在山上
n. wise and careful use of money, so that none is
一处居高临下的地方。
wasted 节约 7b /An]/? is a节
俭是美德. welfare /weifea/
【派生】thrifty a• 节俭的，俭约的 【助记】wel(看作well)+fare(费用)一► 用钱做好事
福利
preside /prizaid/
/i. (Dwell-being 福 利 .socia/ 社会福利
【助记】pre(before) +side(坐)一♦ 坐在前面—主持
(Dfinancial or other aid provided, esp. by the
v厶 to be in charge of sth•(〜〇/, over}主持，主管
government, to people in need 福利救济 A/o对
Whoever presides at the meeting will need
of the families in this neighborhood are on
pcrYiewce and 无论谁主持会议，都既要有
这一带的大多数家庭都领政府的福利
耐性，又要机敏老练^
救济3
introduction /.intra'dAkJan/
consist /kan'sist/
【助记】intro(向内）+duct(引导)+ion—► 引导人内一►
【助记】con(— 起）+sist(站)一►站在一起一► 构成
介绍
vi. ®to be formed from two or more things or
n. ①介绍 He was shaking her hand before I
people (巧/)构成 77犯 Ameriam Cowess ccm-
could finish the introduction, t 等我介热完，
sists of the House of Representatives and
他就握住她的手了
Sewaie美国国会由众议院与参议院构成。
② 引 进 ./brei^n w;ord o/ recew/ ir^roch^ io/i
③ 卜irt)在千 Happiness does not consist in
新引进的外来词
how many possessions you ow n.是否快乐
③ 弓I 言 an introduction to the book 书的序言
不在于你拥有多少财产
【用法】
【用法 】
The book is a useful introduction of British
{ consist of (主动语态）
geology, x
The book is a useful introduction to British
be composed of(被动语态）
geology. V
表示“对…的介绍，…的引言”用 〜to,表示“(某事 constitute /k〇nstitju：t/
物）的 引 进 of,, vt•①组M Twelve months constitute a year.十
【派生】introductory a• 引导的，介绍的 二个月组成一年
©to establish or create an organization, a
dominate fdnmineit/
government, etc.设 立 ，任命 Gayeramewte
【助记】domin(统治）+ate—►支配
should be constituted by the will of the peo-
v . ①to have control of or power over 支配 77紹
p/e政府应当按照人民的意志建立
team has dominated international football
【用法】constitute表示“部分构成整体”，用于主动结
/or辦ars.该球队雄霜国际足坛多年。// a
构，不用于进行时态。
society in which males dominate — 个由男
性支配一切的社会 comprise /kam'praiz/
②to overlook from a height 耸立于 77lecar vt.包含 \ 构故 The United Kingdom comprises
hedral dominates the city•大教堂高高 A 主， England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ire-
俯瞰整个城市。 /and英国由英格兰、成尔士、苏格兰和北爱尔兰构故 // Fifty states compri名e the United State& v. (使）毕业 a scfeoo//n>m
50个州组成美国 one can never gi'aduate.经验无止境 /
【用法】该词既可表示“整体包括…部分”，也可以表 graduated with honors以忧异成绩毕业
示“…部分构成整体”，还可用于be comprised 【派生】graduation 毕业••毕业典礼// undergraduate
of的结构表示“整体由…构成”。 /!•/»•大学本科生（的）
rural /Vuaral/ curriculum /ka.rikjulem/
a .农材的 Rimd areas have been worst hit by 【助记】curr(跑)+iculum—►课时跑到一块成广‘课程”
/加 sirifce受罢工影响最严重的是乡村地区 n .课:程 English is on every university’s curr-
icwtom每所大学都开设英语课
suburb /'sAb3：b/
【用法】12数为curriculuins或 curricula
【助记】sub(near)+urb(城市）— 城市附近一*■市郊
w• 市郊，郊区 //e Hi；從 in 如？ 分 extracurricular /.eskstraka'nkjula/
awd w;or/« i n 故从他住在北京郊区，而在 【助记】extra(额外的）+curricular(i果程的）一► 课程以
城里工作。 外的
【派生】suburbans•郊 K的;见闻不广的// subur- a. 课外的，课程以外的77叫/ to/ce 加
他们积极参加课外
banisation 郊区化
活动。
urban /3：b9n/
receipt /n'si：t/
【助记】urb(城市）+an—► 城市的
【助记】re(back)+ceipt(令）一►拿M 来一*•收到
a•戚布的 The itrban po〇7, are in need of homes.
rt.①发票、收据 She placed the change alcmg with
城市里的穷人需要住房。
《以 receipt in fter pwr犯她把找头连同收据
educate /'edjukeit/ 一起放进钱包，
vt.教售、培养 Parents should educate their child ② lp丨.] 收 入 P〇P 咖切⑼g〇t 加 cash
ren to behave weU. 父母 良当教节子女 守说後 receipts from his concert.那个流行歌 1 从演
【派生】uneducated cr•缺乏修养的// educator w. 唱会中获得了巨额的现金收入。
教育工作者// educationist /i. 教育家 ③收 到 are ?:?i 〇/ 2/cmr te從r•我
们收到了你的来信。
专四真题
While classroom time alone doesn’t produce
reception /nsepj^n/
a well-educated child, learning takes time
【助记】re(back)+cept(窣）+ion— 拿冋来一►接受
and more learning takes more time.
/I. ① a social gathering to celebrate sth. or to
译文：虽然说仅靠上课并不能培养出优秀的孩子，
welcome sb. A champagne reception
但是学习需要花时间，更多学习需要更多时间
ivill be held in honour of the ambassador's
为欢迎大使来访将举行香槟酒招待会
compulsory /kampAlsari/
@接受 the 7*eception of a new theory 接受
【助记】com(with)+puls(驱使）+〇ry—► 强制性的
新理论
a. required by a law or rule 强制性的，必修的 A
③ a welcome, greeting 接待 a w;ar7n
nine year compulsory edumtion is implementr
热情的接待
d m CTiirwi. 中国实行九年制义务教育
④ （无线电、电视等的）接收效果
graduate /graed3Uit/ n./a. /*graed3ueit/ v. reception is vetij good in this area,这一地
区的电视接收效果很好。
n•①毕业生 She is a psychology graduate of
【派生】receptionist n•接待员
University of Pennsylvania• 地是矣夕法見亚■
大学心理系毕业生。 celebrity /silebriti/
②研究生a 剑桥毕业生/
/!• ①名声【同 fame】 Do
研究生
ty intruding on his pii/vate life?他是否感觉
a .研究生的分radwate sc/iooZ研究生院 到他最近的成名侵扰了自己的私生活？
• 81 •②名人 Lots of celebrities were at the film difficult position 3c The tide had gone
许多名人出席了电影的首映式。 Z/泌6〇扣对ranrfed潮水退了，小
【派生】celebrated a•声誉卓著的 船搁浅在礁石上。
② to bring into a difficulty or helpless
renowned /rinaund/
position使陷入困境/ 欲访对rancted in a
a•著名的 The products of that countifs mech-
st?unge town without money or friends.我
anical industry are renowned for their
被困在一个陌生的城市，既没有钱，又没有朋友
匆 办 仰 那 个 国 家 的 机 械 工 业 产 品 以 高 质
量闻名。 remote /nmaut/
【助记】re(back^ away)+mote(移 动 >—►往 远 处 移 动 _►
fame 細 m/
遥远的
【助记】名字（name)变n 为f就成了名声(fame)
a. ① located far away; distant in space 遥远的
//. the state of being widely known, recognized
Space probes operate in dark, cold, remote
声誉，名声 Rowling won overnight fame with
parAs 〇/ sotor ⑽大空探测器在太阳
her novel Ha?ry JPofter,罗淋的小说{哈利•波
系黑暗、冰冷、遥远的地方进行探测
特》使她一夜成名，
② not closely related关系疏远的 a remote
【派生】famed a.有名的，出名的
relative 远亲
costume /•kDstju:m/ ③ very small; slight 绝少的 C/iawces 〇/ success
are remo仏. 成功的可能性微乎其微:
w. ①服饰 77吻/ are a// in national
④ 孤高的 She was a silent girl, cool and
co对w m e 他们都穿着民族服装
remote.她是一个沉默寡言的女孩，对人冷漠且
②戏装，成套服装accM/emic cos如m e 学位服
孤傲。
costly /kDStll/
isolate /aisaleit/
a.昂贵的 It would be too costly to repair the
v/. to cause to be alone or apart 使隔离，使孤立
car.修理这辆汽车要花很多钱
Should AIDS patients be isolated from
【归类卡片H y 结尾的形容词
o执ers?应不应该把艾滋病人和其他人隔离开？
lovely可爱的 friendly友好的
【派生】isolation /!•隔离，孤立
cowardly胆小的 orderly有秩序的
brotherly兄弟般的 monarch /'monak/
【助记】mon(单个)+arch(统治)—一个人统治—君主
crew 細:/ n .君主，帝王 Monarchs ruled England for centuries.
W.① 全 体 机 务 人 员 AH cmd crew; 世袭君主统治英格兰许多世纪。
(members) perished in the Russian TU-154 【派生】monarchy /!•君主制；君主国
所有乘客和机务人员在俄罗斯的
TU-154飞机失事中丧生。 reign /rein/
② 一 队 工 作 人 员 cmd Ms 5祝 vL ®to rule as a king, queen, emperor, etc. 当
owY/rom Europe iw 哥伦布和他的船员 政 ，统治 He reigned over the country for
在 1492年从欧洲起航D 仏w 2/ears.他统治这个国家长达十年
② to be the best or the most powerful or
Strand /straend/ important person or thing 占主导地位
n, ① （线等的）股，缕 77纪 sframte foisted the storm， quietness reigned.队泰达后是一
together.戌後统在一起
片寂静。
②one of the parts of a story, problem, idea
etc. — 个组成部分/fe a / / 对nmds suicide /'sjunsaid/
of the argument together at the end.他最后 【助记】sui(自己）+cide(杀)一►自杀
n•①自杀 To commit suicide is a cowardly
祀各个论点归结起来
vt. ®to drive or run sth. ashore; leave in a ftefeavior.自杀是懦夫的行为。
• 82 •②自取灭亡" n;ii/ Tiof swidcte to adm以 被 破 坏 公 物 者 划 破 了 。
2/owr mis如 to .承 认 你 的 链 误 并 不 等 于 自 取 灭 亡 。 ② to reduce drastically 大幅度削减 77祕仍
【派生】suicidal a• 自杀的；自取灭亡的 promis從 to s/osfc切 〇 :從 .政 府 许 诺 大 幅
减税。
Slash /slaej/
n .砍；斜线号/fe a sta占 a
【助记】江洋大盗一发生冲突（clash),就举刀乱砍
s/iorfpai/從. 他用斜线（/)代表短暂的停顿。
(slash)
v. ®to cut or try to cut sth. violently with a Census /senses/
knife’ sword etc.砍 77?€ /mw仏r ⑹ 【助记】发音：“先数数”，再人口普査
the bear with his knife.猎人挥刀向熊猛烈坎 /i.人 口普查 A census of population is taken
去 Q // Most of the seats on the train had ⑼ 扮 7/ 仏 n 2/ears. 人 口 普 查 每 十 年 进 行 一 次
been slashed by vandals.火车上的多数座位都
• 83 •典型考题精练
1. The patienfs progress was very encouraging as he could get out of bed without help.
A. nearly B. hardly C. merely D. barely
2. Many people think of deserts as regions, but numerous species of plants and animals have
adapted to life there.
A. virgin B. barren C. void D. wretched
3. Everyone who has visited the city agrees that it is _____ with life.
A. vibrant B. violent C. energetic D. full
4. The chairman of the company said that new techniques had improved their production
efficiency.
A. violently B. severely C. extremely D. radically
5. School started on a ______ cold day in February.
A. severe B. bitter C. such D. frozen
6. It was strange that she would ______ such an absurd idea.
A. allow B. stick C. take D. entertain
7. The new colleague to have worked in several big corporations before he joined our
company.
A. confesses B. declares C. claims D. confirms
8. It will take us twenty minutes to get to the railway station, traffic delays.
A. acknowledging B. affording C. allowing for D. accounting for
9. Professor Hawking is ______ as one of the world’s greatest living physicists.
A. dignified B. clarified C. acknowledged D. illustrated
10. I’d his reputation with other farmers and business people in the community, and then
make a decision about whether or not to approve a loan.
A. take into account B. account for C. make up for D. make out
11. should any money be given to a small child.
A. On no account B. From all accounts C. Of no account D. By all accounts
12. As the director can^. come to the reception, Fm representing the company ______.
A. on his account B. on his behalf C. for his part D. in his interest
13. Tony has not the least _____ of giving up his research work.
A. intention B. interest C. wish D. desire
14. The encouraging factor is that the ______ majority of people find the idea of change acceptable.
A. numerous B. vast C. most D. massive
15. Among all the changes resulting from the ______ entry of women into the work force, the
transformation tliat has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important.
A. massive B. quantitative C. surplus D. formidable
16. The popularity of the film shows that the reviewers' fears were completely
A. ur\just.ified B. ui\just C. misguided D. unaccepted
17. The local authorities realized the need to make ______ for elderly people in their housing
programmes.
A. preparation B. requirement C. specification D. provision
18. My cousin likes eating very much, but he isn’t very ______ about the food he eats.
A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. specific
19. I suffered from mental because of stress from my job.
• 84 •A. damage B. release C. relief D. fatigue
20. We realized that he was under great ______, so we took no notice of his bad temper.
A. excitement B. stress C. crisis D. nervousness
21. His trousers when he tried to jump over the fence.
A. cracked B. split C. broke D. burst
22. In order to make things convenient for the people, the department is planning to set up
some ______ shops in the residential area.
A. flowing B. drifting C. mobile D. unstable
23. Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remained ______.
A. motionless B. inactive C. stagnant D. immobile
24. Although he has become rich, he is still very of his money.
A. economic B. thrifty C. frugal D. careful
25. As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to the weekly staff meeting.
A. preside B. introduce C. chair D. dominate
26. For many years the Japanese have the car market.
A. presided B. occupied C. operated D. dominated
27. No form of government in the world is ______; each system reflects the history and present
needs of the region or the nation.
A. dominant B. influential C. integral D. drastic
28. Many countries have adopted systems of education in order to promote the average level
of education.
A. constrained B. compulsory C. cardinal D. conventional
29. He wrote an article criticizing the Greek poet and won and a scholarship.
A. faith B. status C. fame D. courage
30. The house was very quiet, as it was on the side of a mountain.
A. isolated B. isolating C. being isolated 、 D. having been isolated
g g 答案与译文
1. [A】病人情况的好转令人鼓舞，他几乎不用别人帮忙也可以下床了
2. [B]很多人认为沙漠是不毛之地，但仍有许多动植物在那儿生存
3. [A〗每个去过那个城市的人都赞同那是个生机勃勃的城市
4. [D丨公司总裁说，新技术极大地提高了他们的生产效率
5. [B]二月里严寒的一天，学校开学了。
6. [D]她竞然怀有如此荒谬的想法，这非常奇怪。
7. [C]那位新同事声称，在加入我们公司之前，他曾经在好几家大公司工作过
8. [C]考虑到交通阻塞延迟的因素，我们到火车站需要20分钟的时间
9. [C]霍金教授被认为是当今在世的最伟大的物理学家之一。
10. [A】我得考虑他在这个社区其他的农场主和商人当中的信誉，然后再决定是否贷款给他。
11. [A]无论如何都不应该把钱给一个小孩。
12. 【B j 由于领导不能参加招待会，所以由我（替他）代表公司出席
13. [A】托尼一点都不想放弃他的研究工作。
14. [B]让人感到鼓舞的一点是，绝大多数人认为变革的想法是可以接受的
15. [A]在妇女大规模进入劳动大军所引起的所有变化中，妇女本身的转变也是很重要的
16. [A]这部电影大受欢迎，这说明影评家们的担忧是完全没有理由的,：
17. [D]地方当局意识到有必要在他们的住房计划中预先为老年人做好安排。
• 85 •18. [C】我的表兄很喜欢吃，但他对食物不很挑剔
19. |D]因为工作有压力，我精神疲惫不堪
20. 丨B】我们知道他压力很大，所以也就不计较他的坏脾气了..
21. [B]他试图跳过篱笆时把裤子撕裂了。
22. [C]为了人们的便利，百货商店计划在居民区建一些流动售货亭
23. 【C ] 由于经济危机，这个地区的工业生产一直停滞不龙％
24. [C〗尽管富有了，他花钱还是很节约。
25. [C】因为经理出差了，上司让我主持一周一次的员工会议。
26. [D]多年来曰本一直统治着汽车市场。
27. 【A ] 世界上没有哪一种政体占统治地位；每一种制度都反映出该地区或该国家的历史和当前的需要
28. [B]许多国家采用了义务教育体系以提高教育的平均水平。
29. [C]他写了一篇文章批评这位希腊诗人，因而赢得了声誉和奖学金
30. [A]这幢房子非常安静，因为它位于山麓上而被隔离开来
• 86 •■_m
□rank □occasion □threat □midst □extract □gender
□scope □grudge □intimidate □grant □excerpt □database
□range □disgust □shiver □reward □essay □analyse/-yze
□domain □curse □spin □award □fiction □analysis
□occupy □hatred □stagger □allowance □compile □accent
□occupation □invaluable □tunnel □compensate □compose □deteriorate
□decorate □priceless □thereafter □fare □fragment □autonomous
□trim □worthy □thereof □obligation □reduction □diagnose
□ornament □worthwhile □thereby □oblige □decline □syndrome
□significant □outline □thereabout(s) □promising □tackle □surround
□magnify □outlook □latter □indicate □cope □enclose
□magnificent □reference □previous □indicative □assign □encircle
□purify □frame □vacant □positive □realistic □chill
□afterward(s) □framework □blank □negative □obstruct □ventilate
□opportunity □scare □intermediate □reveal □solution □sneeze
□circumstance □menace □medium □evident □soluble □sore
rank /raei]k/ 们应设法扩大自己的知识面〇
tt ®an official position or grade promotion ②the possibility to function or be active 余
《〇 ran/c o/Gewera/晋升为将军 地，机会 There’s stiU plenty of scope for im-
② a position in a society, organization, group， ⑹.还会有很大的改进余地
etc.地位 He is very young to hold suck a
range /reind3/
sewiormnA:.他年纪很轻便担任了如此之高的
/i.①一系列 A range of buildings have sprung
职务，
wp a/or?分 river. 沿河建起了一排楼房
③ [ W 〆 ]the people that belong to a
② 范围 Several cars are available within
particular organization or group 普通成员 77说
执& price 在这个价格范围内，有好几种
pay freeze led to a lot of discontent in the
汽车可供选购。
raw/cs.工资冻结导致职员牢骚满腹:
③ 距离 VVfeal is 〇/ 2/cmr 沒wn? 你
@ a row, line, series, or range a taxi rank
的枪射程有多远？
一列出租车
@(山)脉 a raw沒e in
v. to give a particular order to; classify 把…分
远方的山脉
等，列入 Rank them in order of ability•接
⑤IE场 a ran供步枪把场
能力给他们排序 // She always ranked first
vi ① to vary within specified limits (在某范围内)
iw doss.她总是在班上名列前茅
变化 Her children’s ages range from three
【短语】the rank and file普通士兵，普通成员
to 她的孩子们的年龄在3岁到18岁之间
scope /skeup/ ©to deal with a wide range of subjects or ideas
rt. ①the range of things that a subject, activity, in a book, speech, etc. (-over) ifeB.,涉及 His
book etc. deals with 范围 6e2/orwi/K；i你in lecture 7，anged over a number of topics•他
scope of 在■…的泛風内 // The students should 的讲座涉及许多话题。
ti'y to widen their scope of knowledge.学生 ③ to move around in an area of land;
• 87 •wander 漫 游 range througk woods 在 森 林 1 V. to paint the in side of a room, put special
来回走 paper on the walls etc.装饰 iSara/i Wfces 吣
v/. to arrange in a particular order 使排列成行 decorate her house with handmade rugs. 萨
His t?，ophies were ranged on the shelf. 他 的 拉喜欢用手工地毯装饰家居// J tore ctecom奶设
奖杯都排列在架子上。 /orfeoZida沒s. 我喜欢为节曰而做一些装饰
【短语】 range from... to...在…到…范围内变化// 【派生】decoration /!•装饰，装潢 // decorative 〇•美
a wide range o f各式各样的 观的，装饰的
domain /da’mein/ trim /trim/
【助记】do(做）+main(主要)—我的“地盘”，我做主 vr•①to make sth. neat by cutting it 修剪尤rim /加
//.①领域【同 field】7Ms proWem W 供修剪树篱// M m oi^’s 修胡子
domam o/scie/ice.这个问题超出了科学领域之外 ② to cut down on sth.削减 77祕 WW
(Dan area of land owned and controlled by one
trim the number of immigrants to the US.
person or government 领地加da/ rfo爾 i似封
该法案将削减美国接收的移民人数。
建领地
③ 装饰【同 decorate】77^ 的
mas tree with strings of colored lights.他
们用一串串的彩灯装饰圣诞树。
a .①苗条的 Walking to work helps her keep
走路去上班有助于她保持健美的身材。
②整齐的 The neighbors、 gardens were trim
and neat邻居们的花园既整洁又美观。
occupy /okjupai/
n .修剪The hedge needs a 这萬色需要修整了,
【助记】oc(at)+cupy(抓住)一>占有
ornament /oinamant/
v/•①to fill up time or space; or to seize possession
of and maintain control over forcibly 占用；占领 【助记】oma(装饰)+1^111:—► 装饰品
Is this seat occupied?这个座位有人吗？ // /!• 装饰品；装饰 /〖is mor*e /or 伙及??
77祕 toww ims occupied. 这 个 城 镇 被 占 领 了 /or似(?.这东西主要供装饰而不是实用的
②to make (sb. or sb.’s mind, etc.) busy 使忙 v/. to be decorated with sth.装饰 77
碌 Linda was occupied with the work of mented his bedroom with pfwtos.那个人用
分/w 琳达忙于重新装修她 照片装点卧室。
的 房 子 。
significant /sig'mfikant/
【短 语 】 keep sb. occupied使某人 忙 碌 // be
cr.①fairly large in amount or quantity 相当数 It
occupied with sth.忙于某事
的 There is a significant increase of crime
【派生】unoccupied 未被占用的；未沦陷的
in执a/ ccmri的/.那个国家的犯罪率显著增长
occupation Aokjupeijan/ ② likely to have a major effect; important 意
/i.①a person’s job or profession 5Rilk What 义重大的 Penicillin was an extremely
kind of occupation is your friend looking significant medical discovery.青霉素是医学
/or?你 的 朋 友 在 找 什 么 样 的 工 作 ？ 上一个极其重大的发现。
② 消遣【同 pastime】 //er main occwpa/icm ③ 意 味 深 长 的 77说2/ exc/wmged s切m/iccmf
to be shopping.逛商店购物似乎是地的i 要消遣。 分temces. 他们彼此交换了意味深长的目光
③ 占领 77祕 77 Gmmm occwpa汾 m 【派生】significance /I•意义；重要性 // insignificant
〇/ /Vance /仏 sted /owr* 2/抓 戌 二 战 中 德 国 对 法 a. 无足轻重的
国 的 占 领 持 续 了 四 年
magnify (maegnifai/
【派生】occupational a•职业的
【助记】magni(大的）+fy(使•••)一►放大
decorate /'dekereit/ v/•① to make sth. seem bigger or louder, esp.
【助记】decor(漂亮的）+ate(使)一 ►装饰 using special equipment Hi ± Cells must be
• 88 •magnified by a microscope several times 款，取决于你的经济状况
before they can be seen.细抱要经过显徽铁故 【短 语 】 in/under the circumstances在这种情况下
大好几倍才看得见。 【用法】underpin no circumstances“无论如何不•’位
©to make sth. seem more important than it 于句首时，其后的句子需用倒装语序，主谓倒装。
reaWy is 夸:k He is inclined to magnify diffi- Under no circumstances will I betray my
他老是爱夸大困难 yWemfc.在任何情况下我都决不背叛我的朋友
magnificent /maeg'nifissnt/ occasion /9’kei33n/
a•① splendid in appearance; grand 宏伟的；豪华 /i.①时 刻 ，场 合 J cawY reca/Z occasion， few
的 The magnificent scene of the waterfall / V e 說 / foim fee/om我以前碰到过他，但记不
is perfect delight to the eya 漆布的宏伟景免A 起在哪个场合。
是好看板了、 // a magnificent house豪华的 ② a suitable or favourable time 合适的机会;
住宅 有利的时机 S/w? (m occos/or? to
②outstanding of its kind; excellent 极好的 suggest her ideas.她找不到提意见的机会
magnificent weather 板好的天气 ③ 起因 His remark was the occasion of a
WWer 他的话引起了一场激烈的争吵。
purify / pjuarifai/
vt. to cause sth•弓I 起 //er txmdwC occasiow,s 脱
【助记】pur(pure)+ify(使)->使纯净
分 她 的 行 为 使 我 非 常 担 心 ...
叱①使纯净，提 纯 77沿 仰 wid is pwri/kd 6夕
【短 语 】 on occasion⑻ 有 时 ，间 或
passing it through charcoal.这种液体经炎过
【派生】occasional a.偶尔的
滤后得到了净化3
②使纯洁 The endless lea will purify your 专四真题
你一望无际的草原会净化你的思想。
. The food served symbolizes the occasion
【派生】purity /I•纯洁，纯净
and reflects who is present.
译文：所上食物象征着不同场合，反映出吃饭者的
afterward(s) /*a:ftaw9d(z)/
a d .以后 The experience haunted me for years 身份0
a/切nmrdfs).那次经历在事后的好几年里都萦
grudge /grAd3/
绕在我的心头。
v/•①to dislike or feel angry toward sb. for sth•妒
opportunity /•叩 a'tju.mti/ 忌 I don’t grudge him his success. A 并不
【助记】op(to)+port(港U )+unity―顺风进人港口， 忌妒他的成功
挑对了时机—机会 ②to do or give sth. very unwillingly 吝惜，不
n. a chance to do sth. or an occasion when it is 愿给 / really grudge paying so much
easy for you to do sth.机会 cm money for suck poor se:rvice. A 磯实不愿意
opportunity is neglected, it never comes back 为这么差劲的服务付这么多的钱
机不可失，时不再来。 n.怨恨，恶意bear a g?ndge心存怨恨
circumstance /*s3：kamst9ns/ disgust /disgAst/
【助记】circum(周围）+stan(站）+ce—♦站符看周ffi的 【助记】dis(not)+gust(味道)— 不喜欢这个味道— 厌
“形势” 恶
/I. ®the conditions that affect a situation, action, vr. to offend the taste or moral sense of 使厌恶
event etc.环 境 ，形势 77犯 77咖 smd/ m e 这气味使我作呕 //
forced me to accept a yery low price when She ivas completely disgusted by the way he
J so/d /wmse.我卖房子时，环境迫使我不得 6冰《?;找1 他的一举一动让她厌恶至极
不廉价脱手。 n .厌恶，反感 The smell of durian filled her
② [/?/.】境况，经 济 状 况 or wof 2/cm c/i效榴莲的味道使她感到恶心
qualify for a loan will depend on your fi~ 【用 法 】disgust表 “使 厌 恶 ”时 ，常 用 于 sth. disgust
circwms切 你 是 否 有 资 格 获 得 贷
sb.的 结 构 ，而 dislike 常用于 sb. dislike sth.的
• 89 •结 构 。 a• 值得（做）的 Kbw’d spend yowr 以朦 ow
【派生】disgusting fl•令人作呕的 some 你最好把时间花在
读一些有价值的书上。
curse /k3：s/
【助记】发音：“克死诅咒死某人—诅咒 outline /autlain/
W. to swear at 咒骂 Sto cwrsed 她大肆 【助记】out(外面)+Une(线条)—外形
咒骂。 n•①提绝 Make an outline before trying to
w. ①咒骂be wnder a curse受到诅咒 切rite a combos以ion.写作文之前先写个提纲。
(Da source or cause of evil ^ § Gambling ②外形 Through the fog we saw the vague
is o/ten a cwrse. 赌博常常是祸根。 cm奴 o/a sMp. 透过大雾，我们看到船的模
【派生】cursecU• 可憎的，可恶的 糊轮廓。
V/. ®to list or describe only the most important
hatred /'heitrid/
parts of (a speech, plan, etc.)概述 Some W 仏rs
/I.憎恨 /feared is 之以 coward’s /or* feeing
prefer to outline the setting first and then
intimidated. (Bernard Shaw) 仇很是惊弱的
flesh out the plot and characters. —些作家喜
人因受到恫吓而采取的报复。（肖伯纳）
欢先写出背景概要，再充实情节和人物。
【派生】hatefuU• 可恨的，讨厌的
d)to draw a line around the edges of (sth.)
【归类卡片】"感情”种种 描…外 M He outlined the triangle in red.
爱 love 喜乐joy 他用红笔画出三角形D
高兴 delight 愉快 pleasure
outlook /autluk/
伤心sorrow 悲痛grief
【助记】out(外面）+look(看)一► 朝外面看到的景象—
绝望 despair 恐惧fear
景色
怒 anger 恨 hatred
"• ® a point of view; an attitude M ^ She has
羡慕envy 嫉妒 jealousy
cm owtoo/c on /诉.她具有乐观的
invaluable /invaeijusbi/ 人生观。
【助记】in(not)+valuable(值钱的）一► 不能用钱来衡 ② expectation for the future 展望 77祕
tt的—无价的 outlook for the weekend is bad.本周未欠气
a• 非常宝贵的，无价的【同priceless】【反worthless】 形势不隹。 // a poor outlook for the touriM
Good health, not wealthy is an invaluable Omte旅游业的暗淡前景
健康（不是财富）才是千金难买的福气 ③ 景 色 a pteosanf emtoo/f 宜人的景色
priceless /praisiis/ reference /refarans/
仏 无 价 的 ，极 其 珍 贵 的 ■/! tor^ 〇/ 【助记】re (back) + fer (搬 运 ）+ence—► 把资料搬回使
priceless cultimd treasures were collected 用— 参考
iw 博物馆收藏了很多无价的文 /I. ①提到 He made many references to his
化珍品。 father in his conversation.他在谈话中多次
提及他的父亲。
worthy /*w3：8i/
② 参考；参 考 书 目 阶 are now;
a .①deserving卜〇/)值得的所 占 私 切 〇 池 2/
you a catalog for your reference.现寄去表
of praise. / His deed is worthy to be praised.
方产品目录以供参考。
他的行为值得称赞
③ 证明书(或人1 We切 议 從
②honorable; admirable 可尊敬的 J consider
/rom 2/owr /ormer 我们需要你以前
him a worthy opponent. A 认为他 A — 个 ik
的老师的介绍信。
得尊敬的对手。
【短语】with reference t o 关 于 ，就 … 而论
【派生】trustworthy a•值得信任的
With reference to your recent advertise
worthwhile /.w3:0’waii/ ment I am writing to request further de-
【助记】worth(值得）+while(时间）一► 值得的 关于贵方最近的广告，现特函查询详情
• 90 •frame /freim/ 怕，和他在一起，无异于玩火自焚。
n. ①an open structure that holds sth. (such as
threat /0「et/
glass or a picture) 框架 a
n. The eocistence of nuclear weapons pos
/rame窗框/相框
es a grave threat to the future of the world.
②ft格 a man 体格魅格的人
核武器的存在对世界的未来构成了严重的威胁。
v/.①给…壤框 77祕 pic如re /rewind in oafc
② 凶兆，征兆 77於re ims a 衫 〇/ ^/p/ioon.
这张照片镶在橡木框里。
有刮台风的征兆。
®[〇 make (an innocent person) appear to be
【派生】threaten v.威胁；预示
guilty of a crime 陷害 77祕 man said
he had been fram ed.故告说他被人陷害了。 intimidate /in.timideit/
@to organize and develop a plan, system etc.
【助记】in+timid(害怕的）
制定 The government is framing a new bill +ate~^ffi人害怕一吓
to cor^rof ga?nWir^ . 政府正拟定新的法案以 vt. to frighten or threaten
控制赌博。 sb. into making them
do what you want 恐
framework /freimw3：k/
奸 They failed in
【助记】 frame(结构)+work—► 框架
their attempt to in
/I. ①a supporting structure 框架 airships with
timidate the witness
a r^id m^aZ/ram^ orA:有着坚硬的金属框架
into si/ence. 他们想恐吓目击证人迫使他保持
的飞船
缄默的企图失败了3
②参 照标准We 〇执ers W 执in
the framework of our own experience.我们 shiver (\ iv〇/
往往根据自己经验来判断别人。 W* to shake or tremble, as from cold or fear 发
③ 构 成 方 式 /mmew;orA: 〇/分 政 科 I shivered with fear when the lights
体 〇说灯热灭时，我害怕得浑身一阵哆嗦。
/I. 发抖 a sfciver o//ear — 阵哆嗦
scare /skee/
n. a condition of sudden fear；a panic 惊恐 spin /spin/
AIDS has caused such a scare that fewer v . ①to turn or cause sb. or sth. to turn around
people are giving blood.艾滋病起的憑後便 repeatedly $1 Let's spin a coin to decide
献血的人减少了。
切/io’M /wrye 让我们抛转硬币来
vt to strike with sudden fear 使害怕 Fbw scarai 决定谁先开始。
你吓到我了。 (Dto seem to be moving around in a way that
v/. to become 什ightened 受惊吓 ⑽ a makes you feel dizzy or sick 晕眩 77祕
snake this year，he’U be scared of well ropes. made my head spin.嗓音弄得我头昏。
一朝被蛇咬，十年怕井绳。
③ 织（网）Spirfers s p m ⑽•eads•物蛛拉网。
©SJT A washing machine can spin clothes
menace /mems/
dr^/.洗衣机可以给衣物脱水。
/i•① sth. or sb. that is dangerous 具有危险性的
n.旋转 The pitcher gave a spin to the ball.投
人 （或物 > 义 driver a to a/Z
手使球旋转。
road lasers. 漫不经心的驾驶员对于路上所有的
【短语】spin out拖长时间Spin o W 执^ 如 似 as
车辆和行人都是危险的。
possiWe尽量拖延谈判的时间。
②a threatening quality or manner 威胁，恐吓
【用法 】过去式、过去分词 spun。
饥扮⑽從军事成胁
v/. to constitute a threat to 威胁 In Fulltime stagger /'staegs/
Killer, Chin suddenly felt Tok menacing vl to move or stand unsteadily 摇晃，蹒跚 77祕
and with him she was playing with fire. old man staggered diimkenly to his feet. 老
在电影《全职杀手》中，阿清突然感到托克很可 汉醉醆醺地摇晃着站了起来。
• 91 •v/•① to astonish, shock, or overwhelm 使吃惊 ② 后一羊的 the laUer years of one’s life 后
Tlie event staggered the whole country.这个 半生
事件震惊全国 【短语】the latter (两者中的）后者
②to arrange in alternating time periods 使错
previous /priivias/
升 The holidays are staggered so that, we can
【助记】pre (before) + vi (路）+ ous—>以前走过的路一♦
keep the factor^/ 77mning.假期被错开以使工
以前的
厂正常运作
a. existing or occurring before sth. else in time
n.瞒腿 He gave a stagger on hearing the news.
or order以前的；（~/o)在…之前【同prior】【反
他听到这一消息两腿摇晃起来。
subsequent】 从s 以前的经验
tunnel /tAnei/ // Enough material should be collected pie-
n .随道 The prisoners dug a tunnel to try to to 写作之前要收集足够的材料
escape, im/ caved in.囚犯挖地道企图逃
vacant /veikant/
跑，但是地道崩塌了
【助记】vac(空）+ant—► 空缺的
V .挖(地道、随道）TTie# Zwrmeted/or 6(?/〇作
仏 ①not occupied or put to use未被占用的
they reached the other side of the hill.他们
There's a vacant place over there where we
挖了几个星期的隧道，才通到小山的另一边3//
ccmpflrfc那里有个空位，我们可以把车停在那儿
tunnel a Hvei'
(D (of a job) available for sb. to start doing
thereafter /Bear'aifte/ 空缺的 Are there any positions vacant in
【助记】there(那)+after(在…之后)一►以后 2/owr compcmi/?你们公司有空缺的职位吗？
ad•以后 She married at 28 and gave birth to ③ lacking expression 茫然的 a vaeant ex-
her child shortly thereqfler.地 28 岁结婚，之 pression/look 花氣的H i
后不久便生了孩子。 【派生】vacancy /i• 未占用；空户丨；茫然；空缺
thereof /Beer'nv/ blank /blaeQk/
ad• 甶此，其 States differ in standards f〇7*products a•①空 & 的 If you press this key the screen
and the labeling thereof.各州产品的标准不 w;似分o Wawfc.如果你按一下这个键，荧展上就
同，其标签也不同。 什么都没了。
© 茫然的【同 vacant】 //er
thereby /Bee'bai/
with blank incomprehension、大家对地的解释
ad. )A 而 He became a citizen， thereby gaining
茫然不解。
the right to vote. 他成为公民，并因此获得了
n .空白；空白表格/i/Z in b tem fes填空
选举权。
intermediate /.mtemiidiat/
thereabout(s) /5earebaut(s)/
【助记】inter (between) +medi (中间）+ate—中间的
a忒 ① 在 附 近 的 某 地 价 Zives fn 分 or*
a. lying or occurring between two extremes or
thereabout(s)•他住北京一带
in a middle position or state 中间的；中级的
②大约，左右 I shaU await you at seven-thirty
Gray is inteimediate between black and
or 我在7点30分左右等着你
灰色介于黑色和白色之间// I’ve passed
the intermediate level exam of Japanese. 我
latter /laeta/
已经通过了日语的中级水平考试3
//. the second of two persons or things mentioned
后者 Between captain and major, the latter
【用法】 basic )
is the higher rank.彺上騎与少枚之间，后者军 intermediate f course 初/中/高级 i果程
衔较高。 advanced /
a .①后者的 This latter point is of great invpor-
这后一个论点是非常重要的。
• 92 •medium /miidiam/ doing sth. good or valuable 报答，奖赏 Good
【助记】medi(中间）+um— 中间的―中等的；媒介物 people will eventually get good reward.好尺
a ,中等的，适中的 A im?/ to sotoe 之 终有好报。
is to develop medium and small size enteim- © 报酬，酬金 77w? po/ice are ojOferiwg a reimrd
prices. 解决就业的一个途径是发展中小型企 for information about the robbery,警方 & t
那起抢劫案的破案线索。
业。
n•①媒质 An optical disk is juM another kind v t,报答 How can I 7、eward you for all your
of electronic storage medium.光盘只是另一 以切？我该怎样报答你的种种帮助？
种电子贮存介质。
award /9w〇：d/
② 新闻媒介 Newspaper and magcurines are
v/.① to give a reward or prize to sb. 授予
important media for advertising.报纸和杂
Martin Luthei' King icas awarded the Nobel
志是广告的重要媒介：
ftea從 in 7964, 马丁 •路德•金在 1964 年
③ 手段 Video is a good medium for practic
被授予诺贝尔和平奖：
ing H 名 tening to a foreign language. 看录像
(2)to officially decide that sb. should get sth.
是一种很好的练习外语听力的方式
ip After six years of litigation, he was
midst /midst/ awarded $45,000 compensation.绞过 6 年的
【助记】mid(中间）+st—►中间 诉讼，他终于获得4.5万美元的赔偿c,
w• 中部，中间 77祕众ournmenZ is ?:w 执^ n .奖：，奖续:金 The novel earned him a literary
〇/ a Tiwybr crisis.政府正处于重大危机时刻。 mrarrf. 这部长篇小说为他赢得了文学奖
【短语】in the midst of在…之中；正当…的时候
allowance /a'lauans/
专四真题 【助记】allow(允许）+ance—^允许自由支配的钱一► 零
Unfortunately, Windows had been in the 用钱
midst of a delicate and crucial undertaking. /!•①津 贴 IBM offers quite a high traveling
译文：不巧的是，Windows系统正运行到一个关 a/toimnce to ite IBM 公司给员工
健时刻。 比较高的出差津贴。
②零用钱 The child has a weekly allowance
grant /gr〇：nt/
o//ii；edoWars.这孩子每星期有五元零用钱
/i.拨款 The government gave the poor village a
【短语】make allowance(s) for考虑到；体w S/论
grant to build a small school.政府给 了这个
failed one of the exam papers, but we ought
贫困村庄一笔补助金，用来盖一所小学校。
to make allowance for the fact that she ivcis
v/•① to give sb. sth. that they have asked for, 说她有一门不及格，但我们必须考虑到她当时生
esp. official permission to do sth. Your
病了。
request for housing benefit has been granted.
你的住房补贴申请已得到批准。 compensate /knmpanseit/
(Dto admit sth. although it does not agree with 【助记】com(with) +pens(衡it)+ate■^衡iit以“补松”
or support your opinion We grant the v. to provide with a suitable payment for some
尤rw执 2/ow said我们同意你说的是事实 loss, damage, inconvenience, etc.补偿跑处-
【短语】take." for granted认为…是理所当然 ing can compensate for the loss of time.先
【用法】表示“同意”时，直接跟表示要求、愿望等的间 讯一去不 SL边 He expects to be compen-
作宾语(~ a request);表示“授予”时，可接宾语 /inancid/2/.他希望能得到经济补偿
或双宾语（〜 sb. sth.)。 【派生】compensation /i• 补偿，赔偿
reward. /riw〇：d/ fare /tea/
【助记】re(again)+ward(守卫)一►对守卫边®的士兵 n. a transportation charge M Air fares hnve
再次给予“奖赏” sfto，w p 心之0%.飞机票价已猛涨20% 。
/i. ®sth. gained or received as a return for vi*. to get along 进展 /fow; are
• 93 •yowr 你的计划进展如何？ a sm如ice.请用陈述语气造句。
n .陈述语气 There are three moods，indicative,
obligation /.Dbligeijan/
imperative and subjunctive in English,荚语
【助记】ob (to) + lig (绑住)+ation—►“义务”把人绑住了
中有三种语气，即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气：
n .义务，责任 Suppoiting elderly parents is every
adult’s obligation.赙养上年纪的父母是每个成 positive /pDzetiv/
年人的义务。 a. ①admitting of no doubt 确实的【同 definite】
positive proof确诸的证据
专四真题
② optimistic or constructive 积极的 ife feos a
First sons, and to some extent first
如cte toimrds 他对生活持积
daughters, face an obligation of caring for
极的态度。
elderly parents.
③ 正的77祕posi伽e s切n is +.正数的符号是+。
译文：长子，某种程度上还有长女，需面对照顾
年老父母的义务。 negative /negetiw
【助记】neg(否定）+ative—否定的
oblige /e'blaidj/ a. ①否定的a n印 议 >鉍反对票/ 77吻/ received
v/•① to compel or require sb. to do sth. as by a 始;e repZy.他们得到一个否定的答复；）
circumstance or legality The prime ② 消极的 /fer neflfa伽e a«i如cte m i % arm〇i/5
minister was obliged to resign from the m e 她的消极态度令我十分恼火3
扣. 首相不得不辞去内阁的职务： ③ 负 的 s切ri负号
② to do a service or favor for 施恩于 n. ①底片 The travelers were very unhappy be
oblige me by dosing the door.劳驾，替我把 n cause they couldn't find the negatives to
关上。 认€办 这 些 旅 客 很 不 高 兴 ，因为
③ to thank sb. very politely 使感激尸m oW切ed 找不到他们心爱的照片底片。
2/ow /or 2/owr以切. 非常感激你的帮助:■ ②负数 Two negatives make a positive•负灸
【短语】be obliged to do sth• 被迫做某事// be 得正。
obliged to sb.感激某人
reveal /nVi：i/
promising /promisiQ/ 【助记】re(back)+veal(面纱)一►退去面纱—揭露
a. likely to develop in a desirable manner 有希 vt 0to make known (sth. concealed or unknown)
望的，有前途的M m y /resfc grcwfem於s 褐霖 Should a doctor reveal to a cancer
Zo a promisin分 刚 毕 业 的 大 学 patient his condition?医生应当向癌症病人
生都希望找一份有前途的工作。 透露病情吗？
②to cause to be seen; show 展现 77祕 tete-
indicate Andikeit/
scope reveals many distant stars to our
【助记】in+dic(宣告）+ate—向…宣告—表明
望远镜把许多遥远的星球展现在我们的眼前。
叱①标示，指示；指出an arroi/; nor认
【派生】revelation /z.揭露；揭露出来的事物
指 向 北 方 的 箭 头 researc/i inrfica於5 执加
dinosaurs were warm-blooded animals. 一 专四真题
项研究指出恐龙是热血动物。 It would have a familiarity with the user's
②表职Fever indicat£s sickness.身体复後表 life as revealed in earlier contact, and it
明有病。 would be understanding and good-humored.
【派生】indication W•标示，指示// indicator /!•指
译文：它会熟悉用户的生活，因为在早期接触中，
示器；指示牌 用户的生活方式已经展露给它了：它会善解人
意，富有幽默感。 .
indicative /in'dikativ/
a .①卜of)标示的 Is a high f〇7，ehead indicative
evident /evident/
〇/ 分mif menfa/ pcnoer?前额高表示有大智慧吗？
【助记】e(out)+vid(看）+ent—>看得出来的一► 明显的
②陈述的 f/se incKcaK從 mood to ma/ce
• 94 •a. easily perceived or understood 明显的【同 ob year the State Statistical Bureau will compile
vious】 It is evident that smoking is harm- a yearbook by fields and by regions.每年風
/w/奶 toaWi.很明显，抽烟对健康有害 家统计局都会按照行业和地区编撰年刊。
【派生】evidently 似/•明 ®•地 // self-evident a•不
compose /kam'pauz/
言而喻的
【助记】com(共同）+pose(放)— 放到一起一► 组成
extract /iks'traekt/ vt. /ekstraekt/ n. vt. (pto make up the constituent parts of; constitute
【助记】ex( out) +tract(拉)一♦*把精华拉出来—提取 or form 组成 Wia仏r is composed 〇/ fey必分挪
vt. ®to draw or pull out, often with great force awd 水是由氢和氧化合而成的。
or effort 抽出 He tried to extract the pole ② to create or produce (a literary or musical
/romrmirf.他试图用力将杆子从泥中拔出来。 piece) 创作 fiZwe Dtmwbe zms co?npc脱d
(2)to obtain from a substance by chemical or by the German composer Johann Strauss
mechanical action 提取，提炼 7%化 swbstonce 私 Jrniior.《蓝色多瑙河》是由德国作曲家小约翰-
extracted from seaweed. + 施特劳斯创作的。
提取的。 ③ to make(oneself) calm 使平静 SiZewcecowi-
③ to obtain despite resistance 获得，索取，给予 A personal bodyguard had been 盼
③ to refuse politely 谢绝 ctedmed signed to her.给 7 — & ,
地 紀 备 怎私 保 綠
the prince’s invitation. A 姑娘琳洗了 玉子的 【派生】assignment w•委 派 ；（分派的）任务
请求
realistic /riaiistik/
下降；衰落；谢 绝 peop/e众扣oWer,
【助记】real(真实的）+istic— 逼真的；现实的
decline of memory begins•乂老 3 ，记.\L 力就
a. ①sensible and appropriate 现实的；实际可行
开始衰退。
的 Let’s be realistic about difficulties.妗涵
【短语】on the decline处于下降中77祕 mm6er
难还:是现实一表吧。 // a )，ecUistic plan切实可
of robberies in the area is on the decline.
行的计划
这地区的劫案在减少。
②逼真的 What a realistic looking apple in
【用法】
the picture!画中的苹果显得多逼真啊！
{decline sb. x
【派生】realism从现实主义// realist /i•现实主义者
refuse sb. V
Obstruct /abstrAkt/
decline(v/./v/.)+ 丨 w ./prow•(宾语不能是人）
【助记】ob(against)+struct(建造)一►反对建造一♦•阻止
(拒绝、谢绝） j to do sth.
vA ①阻塞【同 block】77泌 bro/ceMrrfowm《rac/c ofe-
对 ⑽ 这 辆 出 故 障 的 货 车 诸 塞 了
tackle /'taekl/
交通。
【助记】tack(钉)+le— 除去眼中钉一► 对付
©to slow or block the movement, progress,
v/•①to engage or deal with对付；与…交 涉 77犯
or action of (sth. or sb.)阻碍 ft a crim^/or
police spent a long time tackling the hacker
the President to obstruct justice, .t、洗恨碍司
如/w) 如 w你i;orfc. 警方花了很长时间
法是犯罪。
对付那个毁坏了电脑网络的黑客。// is
【派生】obstruction w.阻塞；障碍物
late again I will tackle him about it•如策
比尔再迟到的话，我就得和他谈谈了 a
Solution /sa'luijan/
②（足球等比赛中）阻 截 was iacfc/ed
【助记】solut(放松)+ion->使难题解开—解答
just outside the penalty area, f 绝尔多就在
/I. (Da method or process of dealing with a
禁区外被对方把球抢断
problem 解决;解决方法 Using force is not the
w . ①阻截a stron分沾cWe激烈的拦截
best solution to a dispute.使用 A 力不是解決
©the equipment used in a particular activity,
争执的上策。
esp. in fishing; gear 用具；辘钟 /姑 ⑽ ⑽ We
②溶液a weak sugar solution灰糖水
钓具，渔具// 6/odc and 滑轮组
【派生】solve w. 解决
cope /keup/
soluble /soijubi/
vu to deal successfully with a difficult situation
fl. ①可溶的 Salt is soluble in water very
[〜with)应付 A family and a full time job
eosiZ^/.盐在水中很容易溶解
is a lot to cope with•照顾家庭并做一份全职
②可解决的soluble mysteries能解之谈
工作需要花很大的精力
gender /*d3end8/
assign /asam/
n• 性别，性 The course discusses women’s psyc
【助记】as(to〉+sign(标记)一►分配
hology， gender equity, and marriage. 这 i 飞
w•① to give sb. a particular job or duty 选派
课研讨妇女心理、性别平等和婚姻。
They've assigned their best man to the job.
他们选派了最合适的人做那项工作。 database /deitabeis/
©to give a particular time, value, place etc. 【助记】data(数据）+base(基地)— 数据库
• 96 •w. 数据库 / disawera/ .scm^ new; i^/brma以on diagnose /'daiagnauz/
in the database.我在教据库里反现了 一些新 v/. to recognize (a disease, illness, etc.) by ex
信息。 amining sb. i^®rf If cancer is diagnosed
in its early stages, it can be cared.癌症如
analyse/-yze /aenaiaiz/
果在初期诊断出来就可能治愈// 77犯
【助记】ana(up)+lyse(松)一► 把问题松开—分析
diagnosed the boy’s reading difficulties.老
v/. to study sth. closely and carefully 分析 Fbw
师找出那孩子阅读困难的原因。
should analyze the essence of the problem.你
【派 生 】diagnosis n•诊断(结论）// diagnostic a.诊
应该剖析问题的实质。
断的
analysis /a'naelesis/
专四真题
"•分祈 Recently Lang Xianping presented a
Scientists around the world are racing to
detailed analysis of the economy. 最近郎咸
learn how to rapidly diagnose, treat and
平对经济做了一份详细的分析报告。
stop the spread of a new, deadly disease.
【用法】复 数 为 analyses。
译文：全世界的科学家都在争相研究如何快速确
【派生】analytic(al) 分析的
诊、治疗一种新型致命疾病并阻止它的传播
专四真题
syndrome /sindraum/
For example, trained observers obtain a
【助记】syn(together) +(1101116(跑）一►(疾病）跑到一
very large amount of information about a
起―综合病症
star mainly from the accurate analysis of
/i. (Dan illness which consists of a set of phys
the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.
ical or mental problems ^ ^ S This syn
译文：比如说，训练有素的观察家主要是通过对
drome is associated with frequent cough-
光谱中出现的简单线条进行精确分析来获取某
这种综合病症与经常咳啦有关
个星球的大量信息n
②一系列表现a 妒忌的种
accent /'aeksant/ 种表现
n.① D 音 She speaks English with a Chinese
surround /saraund/
accent她说英语带有中国腔。
【助记】sur(over)+round(岡）一►围绕
@重音 mark with a printed accent 标注重音
叱①围 "诏 ptace Come
vt. to stress or emphasize the pronunciation of
oW 2/owr /wzncte wp.这个地方已被我们
重读 The first syllable should be accented.
包围了，举起手出来吧。
第一音节应当重读D
②to be on every side of sb. or sth•围 绕 【同
deteriorate /di'tianereit/ encircle】 The campus of Oxford University
【助记】deter(坏）+ior(表比较级）+ate (使）一►恶化 is not surrounded by walls.牛津欠令故舀是
没有围墙的。
vi. to grow worse; degenerate S VL Relations
between the two countries have deteriorated
【用法】surround表示“围绕”时，往往用于被动语态。
那两个国家间的关系严重恶化了。
enclose /m'kiauz/
autonomous /oi'tonamas/ 【助记】en(使）+close(关闭)— 使成关闭状态―围住
【助记】auto(自己）+nom(治理）+ous— 自治的 v/•① to surround on all sides; close in 围住 77犯
a. ①having the power or right to govern itself football field is enclosed by a waU.足成场
自治的an aw/onomows stote自治州 被一道墙围了起来。
② independent in mind or judgment; self- (Dto insert into the same envelope or pack-
directed独 立 自 主 的 执 2/owr owm age把…装入信封P/mse re⑼ comp如-
cw/ 有 了自己的企业，你 ed form， enclosing a recent photograph.请
就可以自己掌握了。 将填好的表格寄回，并附上近照一张。
【派生】autonomy w•自治（权） 【派生】enclosure it•围 栏 ，围墙；附 件 ；围住
• 97 •encircle /ins3：kl/ 盖起来，而应公开讨论。
【助记】en(使）+circle(圈）—环绕 【派生】ventilation n•空气流通;通风设备// ventilator
vt to form a circle around; surround 环绕，包围， w. 通风设备，通风口
绕行 The lake is encircled by trees.湖祓树
sneeze /sni：z/
木环绕。
vi./ri. fj喷魄 Wien you have a cold， you sneeze
chill /tfii/ a tor感冒时，要打很多喷嚏。
W.使变冷【同cool】77泌/r從srin分 执 er dwTted 【短语】not to be sneezed at值得考虑，不可轻视
騰 to /fee bone严寒的天气使我感到冰冷刺骨。 An offer of S900 is not to be sneezed at.
n .①寒冷There is quite a chill in the mom- 900英镑的出价可是值得认真考虑的。
air.早晨的空气颇有寒意j
sore /so：/
② 风 寒 a 患风寒，感冒，着凉
a. ① feeling physical pain; hurting 疼痛的 Afy
【派生I chilly a. 凉飕飕的
stomach is still sore after the operation.手
ventilate /Ventiieit/ 术后，我的胃还在疼。
【助记】venti(风）+late(带来)—使通风 ② causing embarrassment or irritation 恼火的
vt. ①to let fresh air into a room, building etc. Don’t get sore; I didn’t mean it ! 别生气，我不
使通风 ^4 sea vewrtiated 你右 rooms. 是故意的！
一阵海风使房间的空气更清新。 ③ used to emphasize how serious, difficult
②to express or discuss sth. openly or pub- etc. sth. is 极度的 J’m m sore 〇/ rmme]/.
licly 把 … 公开 7?祕 maWer s/iowW wof k 我正急需钱。
hushed up， but freely ventilated.达萼不该块: n•痛处 He had a sore on his foot.他的脚疼0
【派生】eyesore /i. 难看的东西
• 98 •典型考题精练
1. Governments today play an increasingly larger role in the ______ of welfare, economics, and
education.
A. scopes B. ranges C. ranks D. domains
2. His temper and personality show that he can become a soldier of the top ______•
A. circle B. rank C. category D. grade
3. As an actor he could communicate a whole ______ of emotions.
A. frame B. range C. number D. scale
4. Her interest in redecorating the big house kept her ______ for a whole week.
A. constrained B. dominated C. restricted D. occupied
5. There’s the living room still to be ______, so that’s my next project.
A. abandoned B. decorated C. dissolved D. assessed
6. The Christmas tree was decorated with shining ______ such as colored lights and glass balls.
A. ornaments B. luxuries C. exhibits D. complements
7. The microscope and telescope, with their capacity to enlarge, isolate and probe, demonstrate how
details can be ______ and separated from the whole.
A. radiated B. extended C. prolonged D. magnified
8. Fm surprised they are no longer on speaking tenns. It*s not like either of them to bear a ______•
A. disgust R. curse C. grudge D. hatred
9. Once a picture is proved to be a forgery, it becomes quite ______•
A. invaluable B. priceless C. unworthy D. worthless
10. The book gives a brief of the course of his research up till now.
A. outline B. reference C. frame D. outlook
11. She was standing outside in the snow, ______ with cold.
A. spinning B. shivering C. shaking D. staggering
12. The boxer______ and almost fell when his opponent hit him.
A. staggered B. shattered C. scattered D. stamped
13. There are still many problems ahead of us, but by this time next year we can see light at the
end of the ______.
A. battle B. day C. road D. tunnel
14. We met Mary and her husband at a party two months ago. ______ we’ve had no further
communication.
A. Thereof B. Thereby C. Thereafter D. Thereabouts
15. The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of weapons
and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of
the ______.
A. latter B. latest C. later D. last
16. They’re going to build a big office block on that ______ piece of land.
A. void B. vacant C. blank D. shallow
17. During the summer holiday season there are no ______ rooms in this seaside hotel.
A. empty B. blank C. deserted D. vacant
18. I think you can take a(n) ______ language course to improve your English.
A. intermediate B. middle C. medium D. mid
19. The police have offered a large ______ for information leading to the robber's arrest.
• 99 •A. award B. compensation C. prize D. reward
20. The mayor ______ the police officer a medal of honor for his heroic deed in rescuing the
earthquake victims.
A. rewarded B. awarded C. credited D. prized
21. We’ll you for any damage done to your house while we are in it.
A. compensate B. remedy C. supplement D. retrieve
22. Cancellation of the flight______ many passengers to spend the night at the airport.
A. obliged B. demanded C. resulted D. recommended
23. The head of the Museum was ______ and let us actually examine the ancient manuscripts.
A. promising B. agreeing C. pleasing D. obliging
24. The party’s reduced vote was of lack of support for its policies.
A. indicative B. positive C. revealing D. evident
25. During the reading lesson, the teacher asked students to read a few from the novel.
A. pieces B. essays C. fragments D. extracts
26. It is one thing to locate oil, but it is quite another to and transport it to the industrial
centers.
A. permeate B. extract C. distinguish D. concentrate
27. During the famine, many people were ______ to going without food for days.
A. sunk B. reduced C. forced D. declined
28. The computer can be programmed to ______ a whole variety of tasks.
A. assign B. tackle C. realize D. solve
29. I’m _____ enough to know it is going to be a very difficult situation to compete against three
strong teams.
A. realistic B. conscious C. aware D. radical
30. Some scientists are dubious of the claim that organisms with age as an inevitable
outcome of living.
A. depress B. default C. deteriorate D. degrade
@ 答案与译文
1. [D]政府如今在社会福利、经济和教育领域起着越来越重要的作用
2 . 丨B丨他的脾气和个性说明他能够成为顶尖的士兵。
3. [B】作为一名演员，他能够表达出各种感情，
4. [D]她对重新装修这栋大房子很有兴趣，整整忙碌了一个星期
5. [B1还有客厅需要装修，那是我的下一项工作。
6. [A】圣诞树上点绂着彩灯和玻璃球之类闪光的装饰物，
7 . 丨D ] 显微铁和望远镋具有放大、分离和探查的性能，它们展示了局部细节如何可以加以放大并从整
体分离出来3
8. [C】看到他们相互之间不再说话我很吃惊.他们两个都不是那种心怀宿怨的人，
9. [D丨一旦一幅画被证实是膺品，它就变得毫无价值。
10. [A]这本书简要概述了他迄今为止的研究历程：
11. [B]她站在外面大雪中，冷得直哆嗦
1 2 . 【A ] 被对手击中时，那个拳击手摇摇晃晃，差点儿摔倒。
1 3. 丨D1我们面前仍然有很多问题，不过到明年这个时候，我们就能看到曙光了
1 4 . 【C】我们两个月前在一个聚会上碰到过玛丽和她先生。自此以后，再也没有进一步联系过.
15. [A】人类文明发展的前两个阶段很可能是以武器的发明和火的发现为标志的，尽管无人确切地知道
. 100.人是何时学会使用后者的。
16. [B]他们打算在那块空地上建造一座办公大楼。
17. [D】署假季节里，这个海边宾馆没有空房。
18. [A]我觉得你可以修读一门中级语言课程来提高你的英语:
19. [D]警方已经开出了大额悬赏，希望有人能提供有助于抓获抢劫犯的消息
20. [B]市长因这个警察英勇地救出地震中的受害者而颁发给他一枚荣誉奖章。
21. [A]在居住期间，对你的房子造成的任何损坏，我们将进行补偿
22. [A】航班的取消迫使许多乘客在机场过夜。
23. [D]博物馆馆长非常热心，甚至允许我们仔细查看那些古代手稿，
24. [A] 该党选票数量的下降表明它的政策缺乏民众的支持
25. [D]在阅读课上，老师让学生们读了几节该小说中的选段。
26. [B]发现石油是一回事，而将其开采并输送到工业中心又是另一回事了
27. [B]在那次饥荒中，许多人沦落到数曰没有食物充饥的地步
28. [B]计算机通过编制程序可以处理各种各样的任务。
29. [A] 我非常实际地认识到与三支强队抗衡是极其困难的
30. [C] —些科学家对生物体随着年龄增长而退化是生存不可避免的结果这一主张表示怀疑
.101 .□versatile □slip □transfer □acquaint □intimate □detect
□restless □slim □convert □acquaintance □estimate □detective
□skilled □slender □converse □recognize/-ise □ underestimate □refine
□origin □unlike □subsequent □idle 口assess □plot
□original □formation □succession □poverty □asset □context
□originate □mood □successive □disable □property □climax
□stem □thrill □predominant □ability □avenue □aspect
□derive □hesitate □preliminary □capable □lane □mechanic
□descend □falter □verify □capacity □exception □mechanical
□descent □dilemma □testify □critical □trumpet □mechanism
□swerve □inform □distort □criticize/-ise □whistle □foster
□twist □trigger □resort □arrogant □congratulate □linger
□depart □startle □ensure □modest □heel □exterior
□swing □pregnant □insure □humble □toe □interior
□skid □convey □insurance □access □tiptoe □coach
□slide □exchange □backward(s) □contact □smack □tutor
versatile /v3：s8taii/ skilled /skiid/
【助记】versat(转）+ile(易于…的）—容易转换角色 【助记】skill(技巧）+ed—有技能的
的—多才多艺的 a•①having or showing skill; expert 熟练的 77i〇se
a. ①capable of doing many things competently earthen pots are made by the skilled man.
多才多芝的 Andy is a versatile actor who 那些陶壶是那个熟练工做的。
has played a wide variety of parts.安迪是 ②requiring specialized ability or training 需要
个多才多艺的演员，扮演过各种各样的角色。 枝能的 Bi'icklaying is very skilled work.細
②having varied uses or serving many func- 砖工作要求技能非常熟练。
tions 多功能的 77祕 marine 【派生】semi-skilled a• 半熟练的// unskilled 〇•不
这台机器用途之多令人称奇
熟练的；无特殊技能的
--------- ^
restless /Vestiis/ 【一言辨异】skilled, skillful
【助记】rest (休息）+less (没有…的）一► 运动不止的 Lisa’s mother is a skilled tailor，so Lisa
a. ① feeling nervous or bored and tending to has also become skillful at sewing. 丽莎的母
move around a lot 焦躁不安的 77祕 cfciWren 亲是个熟练的裁缝，因而缝缝补补的活丽莎也很会
grew restless with the long wait.孩子们等 干。
^-----------------------------------------------------------------J
了很久便着急了。
②never still or motionless 运动不止的 Jad Origin /'nrid3in/
is a man of restless energy.表纪 I 个精力充> 【助记】ori(开始)+^->事物开始的地方—来源，起源
沛的人。 n .①the point or place where sth. begins or is
created & M Some Japanese words are of
【辨析】表示“焦虑，不安”的形容词
Chinese origin. / Some Japanese words are
nervous:指“内心紧张的”，强调心理状态
CTiinese m 有些日本文字起源于汉字
restless:指 外 表 ）不安的”、“坐立不定的”，强
② [常〆 ]a person’s social background or
调不安的外在表现
•102.ancestry ttl # //e never forgot his humble /rom La以n.很多英语单词源于拉丁语。
oriflrirw.他从未忘记过自己出身卑微： vi*.(〜/mm)起源【同originate】77祕 ⑽o aWi⑽tes
derive from different historical perspectives.
original /©Vidjinai/
这两种态度源于不同的历史观点。
仏 ①preceding all others in time; first 起初的 J
【派生】derivation /!• 得到；起源；派生// derivative
prefer your original plan to these.我认为你
a.派生的，衍生的
最初的计划比这些都要好。
专四真题
② not derived from sth. else; fresh and un-
usual 独创的 a 〇吻加〇/ Wednesday derives from the ancient Norse
pain£er.毕加索是一个有独创性的画家。 king of the gods, Woden, and Thursday was
③ 原版的 77沿 私 a piece 〇/ originally Thor’s day, in honour of Thor,
painting.这幅画是他的真迹。 the god of thunder.
n•原件 I think the translator missed some of 译文：星期三（Wednesday)这个词来自古斯堪的
the subtleties of the original. A 认为译者漏 纳维亚传说中的众神之王沃登（Woden),而星期
掉了原著中一些微妙之处。 四（Thursday)最早写做Thor’s day,是为纪念
【派生】originality n• 独创性;新颖 雷神托尔（Thor)的。
originate /©Vidjineit/ descend /di'send/
【助记】origin(起源）+ate(动词词尾)一► 起源于 【助记】de(down)+scend(爬)一*•下来
vi. to come from a particular place or start in a
vL (Dto move from a higher to a lower place T
particular situation(〜/；!, /rwi, »W/A丨起源于
来 【反 ascend】Wfe rocte up, ctescemted on
theories originate from practice and in turn
/〇〇£.我们骑车上去，但步行下来3
serye pracrtce.任何理论都来源于实践，反过来
② to come down from a source (〜加/w)起源
又为实践服务。
(干、 Buddhism descends from ancient India.
v/. to bring into being create ©Jit Who originated
佛教起源于古印度。
the concept of stereo sound?立体声是谁及明的?
③ to attack in a sudden or overwhelming
stem /stem/ manner (〜0/1)袭击 执名抑從 ctescenrfed
n.①菩 Don’t eat the stem of a mushroom. 不 on the helpless travelers. —群武裝备紙袭击
了无助的旅客A
要吃蘑菇的梗。
④ to lower oneself (〜如）把身份降至/
②词干 “f/ni-” 私 W 对em 〇/
to descend to petty personal attacks. 我拒绝
是unity的词千。
vi. to develop as a result of sth. else (-from) 降低身份去对别人进行卑劣的人身攻击。
起源、千 Correct decisions stem from correct vt•走 T Mrs. Davers descended the steps•丹佛
judginents.正确的決定象源于正确的利断。 斯大太走下楼梯。
vt. to stop the progress or spread of (sth.)±tt The 【派生】descendant /!• 后裔a• 下降的；（从祖先）传
policeman, injured in the gunfire, used a 下来的
?ng to stem the bleeding.枪成中受伤的警察
descent /di'sent/
用一块布片来止血。
n. ① the act or process of descending 下降
derive /di’raiv/ Passengers must fasten their seat belts prior
【助记】de(away) +rive(河流)— 从河里引水一► 起源 to 乘客在飞机降落前必须系好安全带。
vt. ①to obtain or receive from a source 得到 I ② a downward slope, path, etc.斜坡 a steep
derived a lot of pleasure from meeting new 陡峭的坡道
peopte m co/Ze供. 在大学里，我从结识新交那里 ③ your family origins, esp. your nationality or
得到许多乐趣c relationship to sb. important who lived a long
②to trace the origin or development of 追溯 time ago 血统 //e’s o/GerrMaw rfescent 他祖
… 的起源、 Many English words are derived 籍德国。
•103swerve /sw3：v/ large pendulum swung back and forth inside
vL to change direction suddenly esp. to avoid the gran4father clock.在老久落也座钟里面有
hitting sb. or sth•突然转向，转弯 DowY race or 一个大钟接在摆来摆去。夕77沾soWiers swrnn分
swerve or suddenly hit your brake& 不要養车、 cwms 似 //1巧/ 士兵们行进时
突然转向或突然刹车。 摆动着双臂。
©to move with a quick, curving motion esp.
twist /twist/
to try to hit sth.(〜aroMmi 旋转 //e
【助记】twi( 两 两 个 编 在 一 起 —缠绕
swung the axe and with one blow split
v/•① to wind together使 缠 绕 ★ 加似ed
op四i d o o r . 他挥动着斧子一下就把门劈开了:
sra?/ nrnmZ tead.她把那条长围巾
③ to turn or move quickly in a particular
围在头上。
direction 突然转向 7?祕 car r⑽nd
(D to cause to rotate or turn in another
corner. 那辆小汽车在街角转弯。
direction 转动 She twisted her ring round
/i.摇摆；秋千
and round on her finger.地一遍一遍也转动
【短语】in full swing正在全力进行中
着手指上的戒指。
【用法】过去式、过去分词swung。
③ 拾、 String is made of threads twisted
绳子是由线抢在一起做成的。 skid /skid/
④ 歪曲【同distort】77紀papers加办如/ v/. to slide (sideways)打滑，滑向一侧 77紹 £rac/c
认in分/ said.报纸把我的话全都歪曲了。
skidded sideways across the road.卡车横着
(5)to hurt (your ankle, knee, wrist etc.) by turn-
滑到公路另一側^
ing it too far 扭伤 He fell and twisted his
ft. fl滑；滑道 The driver slammed on tke brakes
anAfe他摔了一跤，把脚踝扭伤了。
and into a /〇仰 sfcid. 司机使劲刹
vi.①转身 I twisted round in my seat to speak
车后我们的车子向前滑了很久。
to 我坐在位子上转过身来跟她说话。
©to move or progress in a winding course slide /slaid/
曲 折 前 进 7 7 紹 to如5 doi/r n ⑽ v•①to move smoothly along a surface(使）滑动
小路沿山坡蜿蜒而下。 Children like sliding on the ice.孩子们喜欢
n•①弯曲 a road full of twists and turns 弯賀 海冰。 // Peter slid his glass across the
曲曲的路 彼得把玻璃杯推到桌子对面。
②转变a ⑽如〇//(!仏命运的转变 ②to move so you or your movements are
not noticed (使}悄悄地移动77祕 man sZirf
depart /dipa:t/
door. 那个人溜到了门后面。
【助记】de(away)+part(分开)一►离开
/i.①滑动 The car went into a slide on the
v厶①离开【同 leave】 We dcpar仏d/or Z/(mrfon a/
sm/ace.汽车在地面上打滑。
a . 我们上午10点动身前往伦敦
② 滑 道 s/icte儿童滑梯
(Dto start to use new ideas or do sth. in a
③ 幻灯片cotowrsKrfe彩色幻灯片
different way 背离 77纪 new;
【短语】let slide放任自流，听其自然
departs from the old in several respects. 新
【用法】过去式、过去分词slid。
方法在某些方面与旧方法不同。
【派生】departure /I.离开，启程；背离 slip /slip/
r
【一言辨异】departed, parted W•① to lose your balance esp. on a slippery
The two business partners departed to surface 滑 Be to s/ip cm 細 ice.
小心别在冰上滑倒了。
gether from the hotel in the morning and
parted at the airport in the afternoon.那 ②溜 走【同 elapse】77说2/沉 ⑽ 吻 • 岁
月在不知不觉中消逝。
两个生意伙伴上午同时离开宾馆，下午在机场分别。
^
■ - - — ③ to move into a lower or worse state 下降
swing /swiq/ Profits have slipped slightly this year.今年
v• ① （to cause) to move back and forth 摇摆 A 利润略有下降。
•104vt. to put (sth.) somewhere in a quiet or secret ② 语 气 indicator mood陈述语气
way悄 悄 放 进 sZi外疋d /以 仏 r 於⑺ 【短语】in a good mood心 情 愉 快 // in no mood
get them a good table.杰里恍愤& 给侍者5 to do sth.没心情做某事
美元，以便给他们安排个好桌位
专四真题
/i. a mistake 疏漏 The judge made a slip in
Bad as well as good moods spice life and
swmmir设 wp. 法官在结案陈词中有个小错误
build character.
【短语】give... the slip避开，甩掉// let slip偶然泄
译文：坏心情和好心情一样使生活充满情趣，塑造
露 // slip u p 失误
人的性格
slim /slim/
a• ①苗条的【同slender】77祕脱 dicing ctoims沁 thrill /8nl/
help ladies to have a slim body without a /i. ® a sudden feeling of pleasure or excitement
diW. 这药物声称可以帮助女士们无须节食就拥 兴奋 It gave me a thrill to know I had
有苗条身材。 passed丨 以 汾 m . 我得知考试及格后很
②t hin薄的 cm —部超薄手 兴奋C
机 © a source or cause of pleasure or excitement
③ small in quantity or amount (机会 > 少的 引起激动的事物 was
There was just a slim chance of success. a 分mzf /AriW.会见总统是一件令人兴奋不已的事情。
成功的机会很渺茫 v• ( 使 ）非 常 兴 奋 We /TmT/ed 心分ood new;s.
vi. to lose weight, as by dieting or exercise (用 听到那个好消息我们感到很兴奋。//呢 ’代
运动、节食等)减轻体重/ donY immensely thrilled to learn of your success.
我什么蛋糕都不想吃，我正在减肥 听说你获得成功，我们真是兴奋极了。
【派生】thriller n•情节扣人心弦的小说(影剧等)
slender /'sienda/
a .①苗条的She has a slender figure.地身材苗 hesitate /heziteit/
条。 【助记】he(他）+sit(坐）+ate(吃）— 他“犹豫”着要不
②微薄的 He lives on a slender income.他 要坐下来一起吃饭
靠微薄的收入生活 vi.① to pause before saying or doing sth.
because you are nervous or not sure 犹豫
unlike Mn'laik/
He who hesitates is lost. I谅]当断不断，必
prep.和…不同 Unlike the 7*est of her family,
受其患3
s/祕 rer?/ gwi扣. 与家里其他成员不同，她很
②be reluctant to do sth.不情愿 //e
文静C
to take suck a big risk• 他不情&冒这样大
【派生】unlikely •不大可能发生的
的险。
formation /foi'meijan/ 【派生】hesitation n•犹豫；支吾，结巴
n.①形成 School life has a great it{fluence on
falter /f〇：it9/
the foivnation of a child’s character•学校支
vi. 0to become weaker and unable to continue
活对孩子性格的形成有很大影响3
in an effective way 变弱，衰退 77祕 eccmomi/
② 形 成 物 C/owrfs are Jbr/miKo似 〇/
is showing signs of faltering•经济正出现衰
drops of water in the sky.云 I 由空中板细
退的迹象。
微的水滴构成的3
② to walk unsteadily 蹒跚 S/⑷ /aZ妙ed /or a
③ 排 列 twteanced m 5W^/orma-
她脚步跟跑了一会儿。
“on. 部队以战斗队形前进:
③ to become less certain and determined
mood /mu:d/ that you want to do sth. 犹 豫 阶 no尤
n .①a particular state of mind or emotion 心情 /a^er m cmr r你 我 们 切 勿 动 摇 决 心 。
Fm not in the mood to argue with you.我 ④ 结 巴地说 /fleered a /ew; w;onte.
没心情跟你吵 贝丝支吾地说出了几句。
•105dilemma /di'ieme/ regular body check-up.孕切要定期去体检。
【助记】di(二）+lemma(前提)一►二重前提—困境 【派生】pregnancy /i•怀孕；蕴含
/I. 困境 She was in a dilemma as to whether
convey /kenvei/
to stay at school or go to work. I 後後读年
【助记】con(共同）+vey(道路)— 都在路上—运送
还是去工作，她进退两难^
vt. 0to make (feelings, ideas, thoughts eta) known
inform /in'foim/ 传递 WTiaf ir^/brma“on codes in 仿^ 6i分
vt to formally or officially Pyramid convey is still unknown. 大金字塔
tell sb. about sth. or 中的密码到底传递了什么信息仍然不为人知。
give them information ②运送【同transport】
通知【同notify】 Pteose The goods are usually
keep me informed! conveyed by sea. 货
请一定要通知我！ 物通常是通过海洋运
vi. (^againsty on)告发 One 输运送的。
student informed 【用法】convey通常指不通过直接言语来传达情感
against those who 或思想。
cheated on the exam. 一名学生告发了那些考
exchange /iks'tjemd3/
试作弊者。
【助记】ex+change(变换)—双方相互变换—交换
【短语】inform sb. of^about sth.通知某人某事
n.①交换 Let’s have an exchange of views on
【派生】informer /i.告发者// informed a. 见识广
我们就这件事交换一下意见吧。
的；明智的// informative a.提供讯息的// un-
②兑换e^cftan^fe rale汇率，兑换率
informed亿情况不明的；无知的
v/•① to give in return for sth. received 交换
trigger /trig©/ exchange sth with sb.和某& 交换某M // Where
n. ①板机 I pulled the trigger and the gun can I exchange my dollars for pounds? 表
在哪儿可以把美元换成英镑？
祕 oj[7!我一扣扳机，枪就响了。
②引起反应的行动八ims⑽ a ②交流 We’ll hold a meeting to exchange
我们将开个会来交流经验。
new; iiwe对切artow. 这是新一轮调查的
直接起因。
transfer /traens'fs:/
v/•①扣板机（开枪} 77祕 new; mrraif
【助记】trans(across)+fer(搬运)一►搬运过去―转移
triggered his rifle and the bullet went through
v. ① to move (sb. or sth.) from one place to
ea分te. 那个新兵无意中扣发了步枪的扳
another $1 ^ How can I transfer money
机，子弹竞然射中了 一只飞行中的老鹰。
from my bank account to her? 怎样才能把
②触发，引 起 spar/c M
我账户上的钱转给她呢？
一个火花引起了这场爆炸。
② to move oneself from one location or job
startle /*sta：ti/ to another 调动，转学 S/祕 ^Yms/erred
to anoWier 她已被调往另一部门
【助记】start(惊动)+le—► 使吃惊
v/. to alarm, frighten, or surprise suddenly 使惊 // Some of these students have transferred
吓，使吃惊 //e wew;s. 这消 这些学生中有几个已转学他处
③ 转车乂尤 尤ra似/erred /rom
息使他大吃一惊。
(min to a 5似. 在伦敦我们下了火车换乘公共汽车：
pregnant f pregnant/ w.① 转移 77祕 arrar^ed /or Ziis Zrarw/er
【助记】pre (before)+gnant (生产)一>■生产前的状态― to awo^^r/oo沩a// dwfc经理安排他转移到另一
怀孕的 个足球俱乐部
a. carrying developing offspring within the body ②转车奶以以co於/ o r 转车要
怀孕的 A n^eds to a 钱吗？
•106.convert /kanv3:V 【派生】successor/I•接替的人或事物，继任者
【助记】con(共同）+vert(转)—转化
successive /seksesiv/
v. ①to change (sth.) into another form, substance,
a. following in uninterrupted order 连续的 ft
state, or product; transform(使）转变 Coa/ m n
rained for ten successive days.已经连续下
be converted into gas by burning.煤炭通过
了 10天雨。
燃说可转化为碟气。 // The whole office
converted to a new computer system last predominant /pri'dommant/
year.去年，整个办公室换了一套新的电脑系统。 【助记】pre (before) +domin (统治）+ant— 在前面统
②(使）改变信仰 e/o/m feas corner於d to Bwc/- 治的—占主导地位的
约翰改信佛教。 a, having the most importance, influence, or
【派生】conversion it.转变；信仰的改变;兑换 force占主导地位的，显著的Swrm^/ cto沒s are
predominant over rainy days in desert
converse /kan'v3：s/ v./a. /kDnv3：s/ rt.
r印fions.在沙漠地带，下雨天少得可怜，绝大多
vi. to engage in conversation 5 / find that
数日子是艳阳高照。
conversing with her is quite difficult.和她
交谈实在很困难。 preliminary /priiiminan/
a. reversed, as in position, order, or action; 【助记】pre(before)+limin(门檻)+ary—► 入门之前的一►
contrary 相反的，逆的 / toW com;erse 初步的
opinion.我持相反的意见。 a .初步的 They have made a preliminary in-
/i.相反事物，相反词 J 加 converse 以ow.他们已经做了初步的调查。
2/ow are sa2/?:n^.我相信的和你说的正相反。 n. [常 pL]预备步骤 There are a lot of piwlimi-
naries to be gone through before you can
专四真题
a /ore切w coim的/.在出访外国之前要做
Conversely, flat sharing can be very cheap, 好许多准备工作。
there will always be someone to talk to
verify /Verifa"
and go out with, and the chores, in theory,
can be shared.
【助记】veri(真实）+fy(使)— 使…认为是真的一► 证实
v/•① to discover whether sth. is correct or true
译文：但是另一方面，合租公寓租金低廉，总会
有人跟你聊天解闷，陪你逛街，从理论上讲，家务 核实 We have no way of verifying his story.
我们无法核实他所说的情况。
活也总有人一块分担。
②to state that sth. is true 证实 Swfcsegue似
subsequent /sAbsikwant/ events verified my suspicions.接着良么的年
【助记】sub (under) +sequ (跟随）+ent—►随后的 件证实了我的猜疑。
a. following in time or order; succeeding 随后的
专四真题
Most countries were in a mess duHng the
Scientists always check statements and
period subsequent to World War I I .二成后
make experiments carefully and objectively
的一段时期中，许多国家陷入了窘境。
to verify them.
succession /saksejan/ 译文：科学家总要检查种种论断，用客观仔细的
试验去证实它们。
【助记】suc(under)+cess(走）+ion—►跟随着走一► 连
续
testify /testifai/
/i. ®the act or process of following in order or
【助记】testi(证据Hfy(做)—用证据来证明—证实
sequence 连续 //e Zate /or sc/zooZ 认微
v.①to state or affirm as testimony in a legal
份狀s 他连续三次上学迟到。
case 作证，证明 Can you 你rt/y 执加 sew/;
② 一连串a swccession 〇/ de/eate —连串的失败
the defendant at the crime scene?你能作证
③ 接替，继任 77祕 succession to Oowm ims
你亲眼见到被告在犯罪现场吗？ / Vicfcy agreed
disjrn仏d 王位继承权引起了争议。
物〇/2//抓 ^^«〇^ 以维基同意为被告作证。
•107-②to give proof of sth•(〜to)表 明 ，说明 //er 态一^给…保险
nervous behavior testifies to her guilt.她紧 v/•① to provide or arrange insurance for 给…保
张不安的举止表明她是有罪的 险 The shipment has been insured against
a// 货物已投保综合险
distort /distort/
② to make sure, certain, or secure 保证
【助记】dis (apart) + tort (扭丨111)— 丨1丨1解
Carefulness insures you against errors•谈
v/. ®to cause to deviate from what is normal,
慎细致可使你避免发生差错
reasonable, or accurate 曲解汾op distoriin沒
【派生】insured w•被保险人，投保人// insurer•承
J said.不要曲解我的话
保人，保险公司
©to twist out of a proper or natural relation
of parts; misshape 使变形 7W/ can insurance /in'Juarans/
distmt radio signals.高大的連策物会使无线 n• ①保险insurance policy保检单
电信号失真。 ②保证 A balanced diet is an insurance
vi.变 M Metal distorts under stress.金晷在■&力 wia/nw/ri":o凡均衡的饮食是防止营养不
作用下变形。
良的保证。
resort /nz〇：t/
backward (sl /bsekwad(z)/
vi. to make use of; turn to (often sth. bad) for 【助记】back(后面的）+ward⑸ (表方向）一>向后的
help (〜切）求助，诉诸Mer吨/ resor汾玢to/orce
a. ①向后的 She went without a. backward glance.
can’t resolve the conflicts in the Middle
她头也不回地走了。
jFa对.单靠诉诸武力解决不了中东的争端
②落后的 The Russian Empire was economi-
n .①求助 He couldn’t have passed the exam
tocA^ard.俄罗斯帝国经济落后
w;?•你 resorf to 他要不是靠作弊
ad• 向后；M Can you say the alphabet backwards?
是通不过这次考试的
你能倒背英文字母吗？
② 求助的对象 Friends are the best resort in
【短语】know... backward⑻ 对 …极其熟悉
《row6/& 在困难中，朋友是最好的可以求助的人
③ 胜地a swmmer resort避暑胜地 acquaint /akwemt/
v/. to make familiar (〜)W//i)使了解 77紹 以
ensure /infus/
acquaints us with recent happenings around
【助记】en(使）+sure(确定的)—使确定一►确保
欲)rW.互联网使我们能及时了解天下之事.
此 to make sure or certain 确保【同 guarantee】J
will ensure that the car arrives by six acquaintance /a'kweintans/
o’docA:.我保证汽车六点钟以前到 【助记】ac(to)+quaint(知道）+ance —■认识
【短语】ensure sb. sth. / ensure sth. to sb•确保 n, ® a person that you know but who is not a
某人得到某物 dose friend 熟 X He has a lot of business
acquaintances but very few real friends. 他
专四真题
有很多生意场上的熟人，但极少有真正的朋友
As the chain expanded nationwide, in the
② knowledge or experience of a particular
mid-1960s, it sought to cut labour costs,
subject 认识，了解 /’m cf/ra?W / /wwe a
reduce the number of suppliers, and ensure
passing/nodding acquaintance with his
that its fries tasted the same at every
w;or/ts.恐怕我对他的作品只有非常肤浅的了解
restaurant
译文：由于麦当劳连锁店在全国范围内发展迅速， rec〇gnize/-ise /rekagnaiz/
20世纪60年代中期麦当劳决定削减人力成本，
【助记】re (again) +cognize(知道)_► 再次知道一>确认
减少供应商，并努力确保其每个分店的炸薯条口
v7.①认出【同 identify】/ reco分 Afaq/ 6沒
味相同。
red/iat我凭玛丽的红帽子认出了她
②确认，认可 Britisk medical qualifications
insure /in'Jua/
are 以i從.许多国家
【助记】in(into)+sure(安全的）一► 使人进人安全的状
都认可英国行医执照。
•108.③赏iP、，表彰 The British government recog~ 并不是每个人都有鉴赏艺术的能力
nized his services by making him a lord. 【短语】capable of有…能力的；能…的
英国政府授予他勋爵位以表彰他的业绩 【派生】capability /i.能力；潜能
【派生】recognizable a• 可识别出的// recognition
capacity /kapaesiti/
/i.认出；确认;赏识
【助记】cap(拿）+acity(表状态)— 容M
idle /aidi/ "•①the ability to receive, hold, or absorb sth.
a.①disinclined to work or be active 懒散的【同 lazy】 容量 The stadium has a seating capacity of
e/adc is swcfo cm 欲)rm.杰克是个懒虫 75,000. 这个体育场能容纳1.5万名观众
② not employed or busy 空闲的 77w? ② 能力【同 ability】cr to 认iw/c in an
Zcr^/ irfte 罢工期间，机器都 wa/ 创造性思维的能力
闲置着、// M e feowrs闲时 ③ a usu. official position or job 身份，职位 77紹
③ 无用的 It would be idle to talk to him. American President visited Cuba in a pri-
跟他谈（也）无济于事。
美国总统以私人身份访问了古巴
v/. to pass timew ithoutb eing engaged in
purposeful activity无 所事事 / 如你 to critical /kritiioi/
idte aAoW. 我不喜欢你游手好闲 【助记】crit (判断)+ical— 判断优劣的— 批评的
vt•(〜away)虛度 Don’t idle away your youth!不 仏 ①crucial or decisive关键性的Z/价 切似如说s?•分-
要虚度青春年华！ nificant change at some critical moments.
人生往往在关键时刻会有重大改变
poverty /pnvati/
②judging severely and finding fault 批评的
n. the state of being poor 贫穷 Jw 5〇則 rwra/
She viewed the findings with a critical eye.
areas, pp.oplp, Um in poverty because of the
她以批评的眼光看待这些研究结果
o / W so认在一些农村地区，人们因为
土壤贫瘠而过着贫穷的生活 criticize/-ise /*kritisaiz/
v/•① to express disap
disable /diseibi/
proval of sb. or sth. ftk
【助记】dis(not)+able(能…的)—丧失能力
评 【同 blame】 His
丧失能力，伤残
policies were severe
abled in the civil war; he lost his left arm.
ly criticized. 他的政
他的叔父在内战中失去左臂，成了伤残人。、
策受到了严厉批评。
【派生】disability /!•无能；伤残，残障
(Dto look at and make
ability /abiiati/ judgments about sth
/!•① the quality of being able to do st h•能力 cize my essay and say something about it?
Birds have an inborn ability to fly.乌 i 表 请你评价一下我的文章，告诉我写得怎么样，好吗？
就会飞。 【派生】criticism n• 评论文章；批 评 // critic n•批
② a skill, talent，or capacity 才能 /fe is a 评家,评论家
maw 〇/ rrnm^/ 他是一个有多方面才
能的人。 arrogant /'aeragant/
【短语】to the best of one’s ability尽某人最大的 【助记】ar (to)+rog (要求）+ant—强烈要求—傲慢的
努力 a.傲慢的 He often speaks in an arrogarU tone.
【派生】inability /I• 无能力，无力 他经常以一种傲慢的口气说话。
【派生】arrogance /!•傲慢，窃大
capable /keipabl/
【助记】cap (窣）+able (能 modest /mndist/
…的)—► 有能力的 【助记】mod(方式)+est—► 低凋的方式一► 谦虚的
有能力的【反incapable】 a .① not showing or feeling great or excessive
Not everyone is ca pride ^ W A superior man is modest in
pable of judging art. his speech, but exceeds in his actions.君子
•109.欲讷于言而敏于行。 w;os moctesf a6oW ② 熟 X She has a contact in the software
his achievements.他对自己的成就很谦逊 她在软件行业有个熟人
② not very large in size or amount 适中的 ③ 触 点 feadc 后触点
Prices tended to rise year by year, but at vA to get in touch with 与…取得联系 /fow; can /
a mottes，ra於. 物价年年上涨，但幅度不大。 我怎么与你联系
③ shy羞怯的a modes尤6〇沒腼膜的小男孩
intimate /intimit/ a./n. Antimeit/ vt.
【派生】modesty w.谦 虚 ，虚心
a. ©characterized by close personal acquaintance
humble Awnbi/ or familiarity 亲密的 ft /or
【助记】hum(地）+ble—►接近地的一*•地位低下的 one to have an intimate friend. 一个人要有
a• ①谦虚的【同modest】【反 arrogant】 and 一个莫逆之交很难。
/aitere may ma/ce peopte /mmWe. 挫折与失 ②very personal; private 私人的 / ccmY 仏//
败会使人变得谦卑。 执 我 不 能 告 诉 他 们
② low in rank, quality, or station 地位低下的 我内心深处的想法。
//e ^ a r/wm 〇/ fowmbte ori^n.他出身卑微
n .密友He is my intimate.他是A 的至交
③ not special，fancy, or expensive 简陋的阶 vt. to state or express indirectly 暗示 //e iw“-
ate a /mmWe 我们只是吃了一顿便饭。
matecl， politely but firmly, that we were
v t.使谦恭 He humbled himself to ask for my n o i 他有礼貌但很坚决地暗示我们是
以切. 他低声下气地来求我帮助。
不受欢迎的。
access fa ekses/
estimate /estimit/ /I. /estimeit/ vt.
【助记】ac(to)+cess(去）一►接近
w . ①估计W cr rowflrfo esiima切粗略估计一下
/!.①入口 This is the sole means of access to
②评价 Now I’ve ?'ealized that my estimate
认6 这是这栋建筑物唯一的入口。
of her character was one-sided.现在我认仅
② 接近 【同 approach】Fbw caw eos% 分祝 到我对她品格的评价是片面的。
access to /ier.你很容易接近她。
vt. to calculate approximately (the amount, size,
③ a way of being able to use or get sth•接
value etc.) ttit Nearly 1 million people are
近的机会 AU children should have access to
estimated to be unemployed•估 if 有近百万的
a 分ood edwcartow. 所有儿童都应该有机会接受
人处于失业状态。
良好的教育。
【派生】estimation /i. 判断，估计
vt. to open or load (a computer file, an Internet
site, etc.)存取（计算机文件） Fow’W a underestimate /.Andar'estimeit/ vt
passwoixl to access the database.存取这些教 /•And9「’estimit/ /!•
据需要密码。 【助记】under (低于)+estimate (估计)—低估
【派生】inaccessible a• 难得到的；不易接近的 vt•低估 Those who underestimate the intelli
gence of the rivals will come to grief•低估
专四真题
竞争对手智慧的人会大吃苦头的。
Internet links will provide access to the
/I.低估 The official figures are a gross underesti
card catalogues of all the m^jor libraries in
mate of the true number.官方估计数字1 然
the world by 2005.
大大低于真实数目。
译文：到2005年，通过网络链接可以找到全世
界所有主要图书馆的检索目录. assess /ases/
【助记】as(near)+sess(坐）一►坐在旁边“评估”
contact /’kontaekt/
vt. ®to determine the value, significance, or ex-
【助记】con(共同）+tact(接触)— 相互接触—联系
tent of对…进 行 估 价 77祀va/we 〇/
it. Q connection or interaction 联系 I’ve lost
was assessed at $400,000.这複房子的估价为
contact with my friends.我已经■和职皮欠去
40万美元。
了联系。 •
•110.②to make a judgment about (sth.)评 论 ，评估 trumpet /trAmpit/
We've tried to assess what went wrong.我 【助记】trump(喇机)+et(小)一► 喇机，小号
们已试着判断到底哪里出了毛病// assess sb.’s /i. 喇队，小 号 Wow; one’s oi/m 肌p ef自吹自播
ability评估臬人的能力 v/. to sound or proclaim loudly 大声宣告 77idr
【派生】assessment n•评估，评定 // reassessment mamage was trumpeted as the society
w. 重新评估 wedding of the year•他们的肤姻被宣扬成当
年的豪门良缘
asset /aeset/
n. ① a useful or valuable quality, person, or whistle /*wisi/
thing 优点 Ability to get along with people
vi•①吹 D 哨 The boy was whistling cheerfully.
^ cm ossW in 在商界善于跟别人
那个男孩愉快地吹着口哨。
相处是可贵的优点。
② 呼 啸 而 过 7 7 说 价 d
pi] the things that a company owns, that
6以iWin併. 风从建筑物之间呼啸而过。
can be sold to pay debts 财产 77祕
/i.①哨子，汽笛a poKce/s⑽w i 切/iis处警笛/汽
assets of more than £1 billion•该银行有十
笛
亿多英镑的资产。
② 口哨声 77货 dog came to 狗听
到他的哨声走来了。
property /propati/
/!•①the thing or things that sb. owns 财产 77如
congratulate /kangraetjuleit/
car is my property; you mustn’t use it
【助记】con(共同）+grat(喜）+ulate—►同喜同喜一► 祝
那辆车是我的财产，你
贺
必须得到我的允许才能使用。
v/.(〜on, 祝贺 I congratulate you on hav-
② a piece of real estate 房产 7/e im;e你d
passed in《en;iem恭喜你通过了面试^
m proper^.他进行房地产投资。
【派生】congratulation /?•〇/.]贺词；祝贺
③ an attribute, characteristic, or quality 性质
Many plants have medicinal properties.许 heel /hi：l/
多植物具有药性。 /i.脚后跟；后跟 7/e /rom W 仇
the police a(/on his heels.他逃离了 运动场，警
avenue /aevinju：/
察在后面紫追不舍。// shoes with high heels高
n. a broad roadway lined with trees 林萌道
跟鞋
There are big old trees on the two sides of
林荫道两旁有许多高大的古树。 toe /teu/
lane /lein/
n. 脚趾 Fern sapped on m y 《oe, damn 该
死，你踏了我的脚尖！
n. ® a narrow country road(^fe])/hSS Her house
is in a picturesque lane in the Old Town.
【短语】toe the line服从，听从Fow toeiine
她家在旧城区景色如画的小巷里3 or you don't stay on the team !你要听从命
② 车道6似 tone公共汽车专用车道 令，否则你就别待在队里！
③ 航遣 The ship went through the busy ship 【派生】toenail /!•(人的）趾甲
ping lanes of the English ChanneL 达後於般
专四真题
通过了繁忙的英吉利海峡船运航线。
Alternatively , you may lick your finger and
exception /iksepj an/
make a cross on the toe of your shoe, and
【助记】except(pr印.除外）的名词
not look again at the shoe until the mark
/I. sb. or sth. that is not included 例外 77iere’s
has dried.
an to 每项规则均有例外。
译文：或者，你可以舔湿手指，在鞋尖部位画一个
【短语】take exception to反对
十字，在这个印记变干之前不能再看鞋子。
【派生】exceptional a.独特的，例外的；杰出的
•111 •tiptoe Aiptau/ 油在使用前须先提炼。
【助记】tip(尖端)+toe(脚趾)—脚尖 ②使忧M Reading good books helps to refine
« . 脚尖： She had to stand on tiptoe to reach the one’s sp從cfo. 阅读好的书籍有助于使一个人的
⑺p 67^/；她得踮起脚尖才能够到顶层的架子。 言谈文雅
v/. to walk or move quietly on one’s toes 踮着 【派生】refined a• 精炼的；有教养的// refinement
脚走 She tiptoed quietly out of the room so /!.精炼；文雅// refinery /i.精炼加I：厂
os imfce M m wp. 她踏手摄脚地从房间
plot /plot/
走出去，以免吵醒他：
n. ①故事情节 I was captured by the complicat-
smack /smsek/
ed in /WemaZ 從 我 被 电 影 《无间
V/.//I. ①掌掴，拍击 Jessica smacked his face, quite 道》的复杂情节吸引住了
hard. / Jessica gave him a smack, quite ② a secret plan to accomplish a hostile or
/w?rd.杰西卡掴了他一个耳光，打得挺重 illegal purpose 密谋【同 scheme】77於 p/o,切似
②咂（唇）作 响 smac/c erne’s Zips出声地呕嘴唇 discovered before it was carried out.那个阴
// give sb. a smack on the cheek 给杗九的脸 谋还没有得以实施便被识破了 c
领一个响吻
③ 小块地皮 I grow potatoes on my little plot
o/tand.我在自己的一小块地上种土豆。
detect /di'tekt/
vt.①密谋 We spent all week plotting our revenge
【助记】de(away)+tect(遮盖)->拿走遮盖物— 发现
我们花了整整一个星期策划报复行动
vt. ® to discover or ascertain the existence,
②绘制…的平面图77紹doctor切 肪 ct
presence, or fact of ^ J5! Some sounds can
temperature curve for the patient.医生正在
not be detected by the human ear.有些声音
为病人绘制体温曲线图
是人耳无法察觉的
密谋p/of to do s认.与菜人密谋做某事
②查明 The tests are designed to detect the
disease 这些检查旨在早期查出疾病。
Context /kontekst/
【派生】detector/!•发现者;探测器
【助 记 】con(共同）+text(文本)— 共同所处的文本语
专四真题 境一► 上下文
/i. ① the circumstances in which an event
For example, when people who fear snakes
occurs; a setting 背景 We should judge the
are shown a picture of a snake, sensors on
past in its historical context. A 们& 当浪据
their skin will detect sweat, a sign of
时代背景来看待过去。
anxiety, even though the people say they
do not feel fear. ②上T 文 You can often tell the meaning of
译文：例如，给怕蛇的人看一张蛇的图片时，即
a word fivm its context.我们往往可以从一
个字的上下文知道它的意思。
使这些人说他们没觉得害怕，他们皮肤上的传感
器也会检测到出汗现象，这是一种焦虑的表现
climax /klaimseks/
n.高潮 The story reached the climax in the
detective /di.tektiv/
last chapter. 故事在最后一章达到高潮。
/i. 侦探 The Murders in the Rue Morgue is
considered the world’s first real detective aspect /'aespekt/
• 《莫格街谋杀案》被认为是世界上第一本
【助记】a(to)+spect(看）—方向
真正的侦探小说
ti•①方面 The book aims to cover all aspects of
refine /rifam/ 这本书旨在涵盖城市生活的各个方面
【助记】re (again) + fine (好的)一►使…再次变得更好一► ② 方向 a house with a soyih-facing aspect
朝南的房屋
精炼
v/.①to reduce to a pure state; purify 精炼 Sw分ar, ③ 外观 a 执 a ospeef —个外
表严肃的人
saU，oil must be 7，efined before use.糖、&、
•112mechanic /mikaenik/
【助记】mechan(机器）+ic(表人)— 机修T —技工
队①技工 The garage mechanic found, a crack
in the back axle of the car.汽车修理厂的机
修工发现汽车的后车轴上有一条裂缝:
②[ -5】力学 mec/wmics 计算力
【助记】ling(long)+er(比较级词尾)一► 比应该待的时
学
间更长—留恋徘徊
③ (/?/.丨（制作或操作的）过 程 77w mec/wmics 〇/
vL ① to stay somewhere beyond the usual or
staging a play are very complicated.排演话
expected time 留恋徘徊 77祕 too
剧的过程很复杂。
over coffee and didn't realize it was long
mechanical /mi'kaemkal/
posf 这对恋人流连于咖啡馆，一点儿
a .①机槭的 The flight has been cancelled due 也没意识到时间早就过了午夜。
to m e c / w m i c a / 因为机械故障，航班已 ②to continue to exist as time passes (〜o/i)
经被取消。 继续存留 The pain lingered on for weeks.
②力学的 He bcmmved a mechanical book 疼痛持续了好几个星期。
/romrrn?.他从我这儿借了一本力学方面的书
exterior /ikstiana/
(D performed or performing in an impersonal
【助记】exter(out)+ior(比较级间尾)一► 外部的
or machinelike manner 呆板的 77w? swpersfar
n .外部，外表 Quasimodo has a tough exterior,
was asked the same question so many
but he is actually very kind.加西奚多（.\、说
times that the answer became mechanwal.
《巴黎圣母院》中人物）外表凶恶，但心地非常善良，
人们向这位明星问了太多同样的问题，所以他的
a. outer; external 外部的 rfes切外 观 设
答案也是千篇一律
计
mechanism /mekamzm/
interior /intiena/
n .①机械装置77祕 纪 /i煎wte in
【助记】inter(among)+ior(比较级同尾)一*•内部的
works well. The mechanisms must be ver'y
n•①內部 The interior of the church was dark.
这块瑞士产的表走得很好，它的装置一
教堂的内部很暗。
定很特别。
② 内 地 ir^erior在内地
(D a process or system that is used to
旅行
produce a particular result t/l$J A mechanism
a .内部的 Nowadays interior design is a very
which regulates the stock market should be
promisir^ fndz⑻77/.室内设计是当今颇具前
s以wp. —个调控股票市场的机制应该建立起来
途的行业。
③办法 There’s no mechanism for changing
//?右ctecision. 没有办法改变这一决定
coach /kaut//
【派生】mechanics /i.机械制造学；结构// mecha-
n•① a person who gives instruction 教练 a
nise/-ize v. 使机械化
basketball coach —位&疼牧綠
foster /'fosta/ ②长途公共汽车;旅客车厢
空调客车
v/. (Dto bring up; nurture 收养，养育 祕/io
v/. to train or tutor 指导 a cr/cA^
cannot have a baby of their own sometimes
totm m /ife spare 奈杰尔业余时间担任
Jbster a 不能生育的人有时收养别人的
一个板球队的教练。
孩子。
② to promote the growth and development
tutor /tju：ta/
of; cultivate 促进 The teacher’s task is to
n.①导师 My tuto?* guided me in my choices.
/osier 教师的任务是促进学习。
我的导师指导我（对选修课）的选择。
收养的/c⑻er c/iiW养子，养女
②a private instructor 家庭教师 Bdn分 a mtor
•113*is a part time job for many university stu- 【归类卡片】“教(teach)”的不同表达
当家庭教师是许多大学生的兼职工作。 tutor(单独）指导 educate教育
vt.当家庭教师 He tuto?*ed ike child in mathemat- instruct教导 drill (反复）训练
他教孩子数学^ train训练，培训 coach教导，教练
【派生】tutorial 导师的；家庭教师的/!•辅导课
•114*典型考题精练
1. In order to repair bams, build fences, grow crops, and care for animals a farmer must indeed
be ______•
A. restless B. skilled C. strong D. versatile
2. The ______ of the word is unknown, but it is certainly not from Greek.
A. origin B. generation C. descent D. cause
3. The Olympic Games ______ in 776 B.C. in Olympia, a small town in Greece.
A. originated B. stemmed C. derived D. descended
4. How much of your country's electrical supply is ______ from water power?
A. deduced B. detached C. derived D. declined
5. The motorist had to ______ to avoid knocking the old woman down in the middle of the road.
A. swerve B. twist C. depart D. swing
6. In winter drivers have trouble stopping their cars from ___ on icy roads.
A. skating B. skidding C. sliding D. slipping
7. The chances of a repetition of these unfortunate events are ______ indeed.
A. distant B. slim C. unlikely D. narrow
8. I was so ______ when I used the automatic checkout lane in the supermarket for the first time.
A. immersed B. assaulted C. thrilled D. dedicated
9. Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a ______ as if he doesn’t know what
he really wants to do.
A. fantasy B. dilemma C. contradiction D. conflict
10. Dreams are ______ in themselves, but, when combined with other data, they can tell us much
about the dreamer.
A. uninformative B. startling C. harmless D. uncontrollable
11. More often than not, it is difficult to ______ the exact meaning of a Chinese idiom in English.
A. exchange B. transfer C. convey D. convert
12. Jessica was ______ from the warehouse to the accounting office, which was considered a
promotion.
A. delivered B. exchanged C. transferred D. transformed
13. At first the company refused to purchase the equipment, but this decision was ______ revised.
A. subsequently B. successively C. predominantly D. preliminarily
14. One witness ______ that he*d seen the suspect run out of the bank after it had been robbed.
A. convicted B. conformed C. retorted D. testified
15. Philosophers believe that desire, hatred and envy are “negative emotions” which______ the mind
and lead it into a pursuit of power and possessions.
A. distort B. reinforce C. exert D. scramble
16. I would never have ______ a court of law if I hadn’t been so desperate.
A. sought for B. accounted for C. turned up D. resorted to
17. Some felt that they were hurrying into an epoch of unprecedented enlightenment, in which better
education and beneficial technology would ______ wealth and leisure for all.
A. maintain B. ensure C. certify D. console
18. As one of the world*s highest paid models, she had her face ______ for five million dollars.
A. deposited B. assured C. measured D. insured
19. The author of the report is well ______ with the problems in the hospital because he has been
•115.working there for many years.
A. acquainted B. informed C. accustomed D. known
20. When people become unemployed, it is ______ which is often worse than lack of wages.
A. laziness B. poverty C. idleness D. inability
21. For professional athletes, ______ to the Olympics means that they have a chance to enter the
history books.
A. access B. attachment C. appeal D. approach
22. A good education is an ______you can fall back on for the rest of your life.
A. asset B. ethic C. inventory D. obligation
23. It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without ______.
A. exception B. exclusion C. modification D. substitution
24. When you’re driving on a motorway, you must obey the signs telling you to get into the
right ______•
A. way B. track C. road D. lane
25. When invited to talk about his achievements, he refused to blow his own ______ and declined to
speak at the meeting.
A. trumpet B. whistle C. bugle D. flute
26. The thieves fled with the local police close on their
A. backs B. necks C. toes D. heels
27. Mary sat at the table, looked at the plate and ______ her lips.
A. smacked B. opened C. parted D. separated
28. They believed that this was not the ______ of their campaign for equality but merely the
beginning.
A. climax B. summit C. pitch D. maximum
29. There is supposed to be a safety ______ which makes it impossible for trains to collide.
A. appliance B. accessory C. machine D. mechanism
30. Elisabeth did not enter the museum at once, but______ in the courtyard.
A. resided B. dwelled C. lingered D. delayed
g
答案与译文
1. [D】一个农民要会修谷仓、筑篱芑、种庄稼、养牲口，必须是个多面手
2 . 【A ] 这个词的起源虽不得而知，但肯定不是来自希腊语
3. [A】奥运会起源于公元前776年希腊的一个名叫“奥林匹亚”的小稹
4. [C]你们国家的电力供应中，水力发电占多大比例？
5. [A]那个驾驶员不得不突然转向，以避免撞倒正在路中间的那位老妇人.
6 . 丨B]冬季里，司机们很难防止车在结冰的路面上不打滑
7. [B1这些不幸事件重复发生的可能性确实是很小的
8. [C]我第一次在超市使用自动结账通道时非常兴奋
9. [B】杰克没什么主见，他总是处于犹豫当中，似乎不知道自己该做什么。
10. [A]梦本身不能提供信息，但当它与其他资料结合起来时，就能反映有关做梦者的许多情况
11. [C]通常很难将汉语成语的确切意思在英语中表达出来
12. [C]杰西卡从仓库调到了会计办公室，这被认为是升职了。
13. [A]开始这个公司拒绝购买这些设备，但后来这个决定被修改了。
14. [D] — 个证人作证说，在银行被抢之后他看到嫌疑犯从银行跑出来
15. [A]哲学家们认为欲望、仇恨和嫉妒是“负面情感”,它们扭曲思想并将其带往对权力和财富的追求中
. 116.16. [D] 如果我没有那么绝望的话，我不会诉诸于法律。
17. [B] —些人觉得他们正快速步入一个史无前例的文明时代，在这个时代里，更好的教
育和有利的技术会保证所有的人拥有财富与闲暇
18. [D] 跻身于世界上薪酬最高的名模之列的她为自己的脸蛋投了 500万美元的保险
19. [A] 这份报告的作者非常熟悉这家医院所存在的问题，因为他在那儿工作了好多年
20. [C】当人失业时，比没有工资更糟糕的是无所事事
21. [A] 对于职业运动员来说，进入奥林匹克运动会意味着他们有机会栽入史册
22. [A] 良好的教育是你余生可以依赖的资产。
23. [A] 很显然，这项新条例对每个人都毫无例外地适用
24. [D] 当你在机动车道上行驶的时候，你必须按照路牌的指示，选择正确的车道〇
25. [A] 当他被遨请来谈自己的成就时，他拒绝自吹自擂，并谢绝在大会上发言
26. [D] 小偷们在逃窜，其后有当地的警察紧追不舍
27. [A] 玛丽坐在餐桌旁，眼睛盯着盘子，一 副垂涎三尺的样子i.
28. [A] 他们相信这并不是他们争取平等运动的高潮，而只不过是个开始。
29. [D】应当有一种使火车不可能相撞的安全装置。
30. [C】伊丽莎白没有马上走进博物馆，而是在院子里逗留了一会儿。
. 117.□local □factor □compress □concrete □vanish □joint
□locate □potential □peep □install □brake □kneel
□situate □multiply □peer □instalQ)ment □alarm □lease
□consult □multiple □vigorous □substitute □alert □rent
□judg(e)ment □predict □vivid □replace □accumulate □buzz
□prescribe □exotic □boom □purchase □advantage □gossip
□register □alien □boost □apparatus □disadvantage □hammer
□inquire/enquire Dalienate □luxury □invest □border □shrug
□resolve □error □extravagant □arrange □verge □gasp
□resolution □inevitable □accommodate □expend □margin □tone
□illustrate □spectacular □lodge □squander □fringe □tune
□inspire □gorgeous □commit □squeeze □extinct
□immense □thrive □commitment □assemble □album
□promote □prosperous □commission □assembly □deputy
□reinforce □prospect □interact □resemble □union
□spark □spacious □manipulate □appearance □unify
VJUsparkle □condense □recommend □disappear □entity
local /laukal/ vA使…坐落于，位于…【同丨ocate】 购 /wm is
【助记】loc(地方)+al4地方性的 situated in the center of China.武汉市位于
a. ①relating to, or characteristic of a particular 中国的中部。
place地方性的，当地的A pood 仇
Consult /kon'sAlt/
a local bcmk is what I’m seeking.我希望在
【助记】不顾侮辱(insult)，不耻请教(consult)
当地银行找到份好工作。
v/•① to seek advice or information of 请教 If
②affecting a specific part of the body 局部的
you wish good advice， consult an old man.
d Zoca/ 局部传染
欲得忠告，请教长者。
n. [/?/•]本地人 / owe 〇/
② to refer to 查阅 C7o似 yowr dicrtcmaiT/
w;ay to分o.我问了一个本地人该走哪条路c
when unsure of your spelling.对拼写无把握
locate /leu’keit/ 时就要查阅词典。
【助记】loc(地方)+ate— 探明（位置） vL to exchange views; confer 商议 J need to
vt. ①to determine or specify the position of 探 consult with my colleagues on the propos-
明，找出 Ptease ioca於犰is on map. Cl/5.我需要和我的同事商讨这些建议。
请在地图上找到这座城镇的位置。 【派生】consultation n•请教，咨询 // consultant n.
②to place at a certain location 使坐落于 77祕 顾问
West Lake of Hangzhou is located in the
judg(e)ment / d3Ad3ment/
center 〇/ ci^/.西湖位于抗州市的中心。
n•①看法 In her judgment， we shouldn’t change
【派生】locality /!•位置，地 点 // location /!•位置;外
cmrpiarw.照她看来，我们不应改变计划。
景拍摄地
②判断力 Fbw s/wi/Z 2/owr own
situate /sitjueit/ as to whether you should start work or
【助记】sit(坐)+uate—►坐在那儿— 位于…的 study for a master’s degree.你应当运用自己
•118的判断力，决定是开始工作还是攻读硕士学位。 问底的
③ 审 判 汾 U o n 处•对某人做
resolve "izdIw
出判决
【助记】re+solve(解决)一►解决
prescribe /pns'kraib/ v/•① to find a solution to; solve 解决 77说
【助记】？阳巾6化阳)+5<：1^6(写)一》>预先写好—开（药）； pute needs to be resolved by the person
规定 who has caused it.解修还需系铃人
v/. ®to order the use of (a medicine or other (Dto cause (a person) to reach a decision 决
treatment)开（药 ） A is 仇？ fees之 定 The circumstances resolved him to go.
cure prescribed for the depressiorL 假 A 开 情况使他决定去。
给抑郁症病人的最好药方. ③卜 into)分解 We can resolve the problem
②to set down as a rule, law, or direction 规 into more 以em5. 我们能够把这个
定 The law prescribes how to punish this 问题分解成更基本的项目。
crim^.法律对如何处罚这种犯罪做出了规定。 vL to reach a decision or make a determination
【派生】prescription w•处 方 ；指 示 ，规定 决定 She resolved never to see him again.
她决定不再见他3
register /Ved3ist8/
【派生】resolute a•坚决的，果断的
n .登记；登记表 a register of births and deaths
出生和死亡的记录// scftooZ resolution /.reze'luijsn/
register学校点名册 ii•①决议 The United Nations passed a resolu
v.①to enroll officially or formally 登记 Foreign tion to increase aid to the Third World•敗
visitors must register with the state offi 合国通过决议增加对第三世界国家的援助。
cials upon entering the counh'y.外国旅客一 ② 决心show great resolution表示板欠的决心
入国境就必须向国家官员办理登记：// r印红你 ③ 解决 The lawyer’s advice led to the reso-
/or a course报名参加课程 ZWion 〇 / 律师的建议
② to indicate 指示 The thermometer regis- 使这一难题得以解决。
於red 9&6°C7.溫度计显示为98.6度。 ④ 分辨率high resolution
高分辨率
③ to give outward signs of; express 表示 //e
illustrate /ilastreit/
slammed the door to register his disap-
【助记】il+lustr(照亮）+ate(使）一►使内容更明朗—
;>r〇i；a/.他砰地关上门以示不满。
说明
④ 注意到，意识到（并记住）尸d 6從n
vt. ®to make the meaning of sth. clearer by giv-
there for several minutes before he
ing examples说明 swry巧/ 於s
re分is仏red my presence. 我在那儿站了好几分
that the divorce rate has rocketed 最近的调查
钟后他才注意到我：// S/於 mw对 /wive如似
说明离婚率急剧上升。
me her name, but it just didn't register.
(Dto provide (a text) with explanatory or dec-
她一定告诉过我她的名字，不过我没记住
orative images给…做插图 说 明77沿
⑤ 挂 号 a 桂号信
is祕成i/Zws/rated这本英语教科书
【派生】registration /!•登记，注册，挂号
有精美的插图。
inquire/enquire /in'kwaia/ 【派生】illustrative a,图例的；解说 性 的 // illustration
【助记】in/en (into) +quire (追求)—追査事实—询问 /i.插图;例证
v. to ask for information 询问介’s
【辨析】表示"阐明，说明"的动词
job to inquire about the flights for the man-
explain:为最普通用词，指向人阐明、解释原来所
a众er. 为经理查询有关航班的情况是秘书的职
不知的或不清楚的事情
责 // inquire sb.’s name (address， telephone
illustrate:偏指用图或例子说明某事物
rmm如r)打听某人姓名（住址、电话号码）
interpret:特指解释疑难之处，用另外一种表达方
【短语】inquire after问 候 // inquire into调査，探究
式阐释文学作品等抽象事物
【派生】inquiry /!• 询问；探究// inquiring a•爱査根
•119.inspire /inspaia/ spark /spa：k/
【助记】in(into)+spire(呼吸）— 吸进灵气— 给…以 n. !k 花 A cigarette spark started the fire.香烟
灵感 的火星引起了这场火灾。
吣①鼓舞【同encourage】77说沒⑽卿 vi\ to give off sparks 发出火花 matte
had the example of Beethoven to inspire etedric sparfc?电线冒火花是什么原因？
cmd分z/icte /iim. 这位青年音乐家有贝多芬这一 vt. to be the cause of trouble or violence (〜offi
榜样激励并指引着他 触发，引起 77紹 incideW oj〇T a
②to give sb. the idea for a story, painting cftain 〇/ disasters.该事件惹出了 一连串的灾祸a
etc.给…以灵感 Lcwe i財pired f/ie poet to
sparkle /spa：ki/
wri(£ beautiful poems.爱情激起诗人的灵感
【助记】spark(火花)+le(表动作反复)—发光
而创作出美丽的诗篇。
v/. ®to shine brightly with small flashes of light
【派生】inspiring仏 鼓舞人心的// inspiration "•灵
发光 The stars sparkle in the dark sky.夜氣
感;鼓舞人心的人（或物）
的天空上星星闪闪发光。
immense /imens/ ②to be full of life, enthusiasm or humor 活跃，
l才智等)焕发His wit sparkles.他才华壙溢
【助记】im (not) +mense ( 测 )—大到不能测tt的―
n•①说光，两耀 the sparkle of the diamonds 闪内
巨大的
发光的钻石
a. very great in size, extent, or amount 广大的，
②a quality that makes sth. or sb. seem in-
& 大的 The Atlantic Ocean is immense.欠
teresting and full of life 活力 77祕 new; pte?/
西洋浩瀚无边。
didn’t have muck sparkle to it•这部新职缺
promote /pre'mout/ 乏生气（相当沉闷）。
【助记】pro(forward) +mote(动)一►向前推动一► 促进
factor /faekta/
vt. ®to contribute to the progress or growth of
n.浪素 Many other factors besides genetic fac-
促进 The president’s visit has greatly pro
tors caw电 分 加 . 除了遗传因子，还有许
moted mutual understanding between, the
多因素会影响身高。
加;〇 cown£ries. 总统的来访大大地增进了两国
间的相互了解。 专四真题
②t o raise to a more important or responsi Furthermore, he is not only critical of the
ble job or rank 提拔 Our teacher has been work of others, but also of his own, since
promoted to 我们的老师已被提 he knows that man is the least reliable of
升为校长了。 scientific instruments and that a number of
③ to attempt to sell or popularize by adver factore tend to disturb objective investiga
tising or publicity 推销 The company are tion.
promoting their new products on television. 译文：并且，他不仅挑剔他人工作，也对自己的工
这家公司在电视上宣传他们的新产品。 作吹毛求疵，因为他清楚人类是最不可靠的“科
【派生】promotion /!• 提升；促进；宣传，促销 学工具”，有一系列因素会影响到他们调查研究
的客观性。
reinforce /.ri:in’f〇:s/
【助记】re (again)+in (使）+force (力 Jit)—增强 potential /pe'tenjal/
vt. to add strength or support to; make stronger 【助记】potent(力嫌)+ial—►潜力
or firmer 增强 The evidence reinforces my a. capable of being but not yet in existence 潜
view that ke is lying•这一迹象免让我认为他 在的a po於/UioZ danger潜在的危险
在说说。// a 把墙加固//代- n. the inherent ability for growth, future success
in/orce执^/〇 作 Zroops派军队增援要塞 etc•潜力 If you don’t have self-coitfidence，
【派生】reinforcement w•增援，加强；[/?/•】援军 2/owr po如 仍 ，〇似如果没有自信，就
•120.不能发挥出你的潜力 ② not familiar of like other things you have
known 陌生的【同 unfamiliar】
multiply /mAitipiai/
justs to the alien environment.他很快适应
【助 记 】multi(多 〉+ply(折 叠 ）一► 许多东西®叠在一
陌生的环境。
起一>增加
③ too different from sth. to be acceptable or
v•① to increase the amount, number, or degree
suitable 不相容的 77於 opiwio似 似 r aWe/i to
of (使）增加 Smo/c/n^r risA: 〇/
0!/?• ?:cte〇5. 这些想法与我们的意见截然
heart attacks and otheim health problems. 吸
不同。
烟大大增加了心脏病及其他危害健康的问题发
/i.外国人；外星人resident aiiew外籍居民
的良 ft // Our chances of success had
【辨析】表示“外国人”的名词
multiplied several times over. A 们成^力的机
alien:指住在一个国家，但不是该国公民的人，即
会已增加了好几成。
侨民
② to breed 繁殖 MTiew more
foreigner:指生于或来自他国者，尤指有不同语
food， they generally multiply fastei\ 动物如
1 言、文化的人
果吃得多，通常繁殖也快。
③ 乘 3 multiplied by 5 is 15. 3 乘 5 等于 15
alienate /eiiieneit/
multiple /'mAitipi/ 【助记】alien(陌生的）+ate(使)一► 使疏远
a. many, or involving many things, people, v/•① to cause to become unfriendly or hostile
events etc.复合的，多种多样的阶2/從 使疏远，使不友好77祕 斯 7 /
hall /〇?• multiple purposes.这个大斤有多种 maw^/ rofers. 最新的税收建议会使很
用途。 多选民不投我们的票。
n.倍数 12 is a multiple of 3. 12 是 3 的倍数 (Dto transfer (property or a right) to the own
ership of another it alienate lands # ih
predict /pn'dikt/
土地
【助记】pre(before)+dict(说)一► 预先说—预测
vt. to state, tell about, or make known in ad- error /era/
\zance 预测 The witck said that her crystal n.错误 Irrationally held truths may be more
ball could predict the future.女盔说地的水 /wirm/w/ 无理性地推崇
晶球可以预测未来D 真理会比合理的错误更有害
【派生】prediction n•预言 // unpredictable •无法 【派生】erroneous a•错误的
预料的，不稳定的
inevitable /in'evitabi/
专四真题
【助记】in(not)+evitable(可避免的)—不可避免的
Natural disasters like volcanic eruptions are a. impossible to avoid or prevent; certain to
often unpredictable. happen不 可 避 免 的 in in於resZ m物
译文:像火山喷发这样的自然灾害往往无法预测c seems 提高利率似乎是不可避免的
exotic /igzntik/ spectacular /spek'taekjula/
【助记】ex(out)+otic— 外来的 a. impressive or sensational 壮观的，引人注目的
a. seeming unusual and exciting because of Cloning technology was a spectacular achieve-
being connected with a foreign country 奇异 mewi in seiewce, 克隆技术是科学上的一项惊
的，外来的，异 国 情 调 的 crre some era说 人成就。
words in English language.英语中有一些外 w.壮观的演出，惊人之举a K s p 從切cw-
来词。 /ar —场盛大的电视演出
【派生】spectacle/?•演出；奇观；[/?/•]眼镜
alien /eilian/
a• ①foreign外国（人）的 a/iew corpora以o n 外国 gorgeous /*g〇：d3as/
公司 a. ① dazzlingly beautiful or magnificent 华丽的
•121 •You look absolutely gorgeous in that dress! 大的广场。
你穿那身衣服真是漂亮极了！
condense /ken dens/
dWonderful; delightful 极好的⑽ ftave
【助记】con( — 起）+dense(密集的）一►压缩
a gorgeous time in the amusement park. 孩
v•①to cause (a gas or vapor) to change to a
子们在露天游乐场玩得快活极了。
liquid ( ) Si The drop in temperature
thrive /eraiv/ condensed the steam to water.溫It T 降使蒸
【助记】th+rive(河)— 繁荣起源于大河流域— 繁荣 汽凝成 了水。// Stozm cowderises in沁 imter
V/. to be successful or make steady progress; cooting dowm. 蒸汽冷却时凝结成水
prosper 兴旺，繁荣 A cannot 执riue ②to make more concise; abridge or shorten
without investment or good management. 压缩 The lecturer was asked to condense
要是缺少投资或者管理不善，企业就不会兴旺a his speech into only one sentence. 那个演讲
【用法】过去式thrived/throve，过去分词thrived。 者被要求用一句话来总结他的演讲内容。
prosperous /pmsperas/ compress /kam'pres/
【助 记 】pro (forward)+sper (希望）+ous— 前方充满 【助记】com(— 起）+press(压)一►压缩
希望的— 繁荣的 v. ®to press or squeeze sth. so that it is smaller
a. having success; flourishing 繁荣的，兴旺的 77祕 or fills lesss pace 压紧 77祕 com
district is getting more and more prosperous. presses oM cars into Wocfcs 〇/ scrap
这一带越来越繁华了。 机器把废旧汽车压成一块块的废钢铁。// //er
【派生】prosperity /i•兴 旺 ，繁荣 face comp7，essed into a frown• 地、紧绷着脸，
眉头皱了起来。
专四真题
②to write or express sth. using fewer words
In today’s prosperous and increasingly
压缩【同 condense 】Can you compress your
conservative Japan, the traditional omiai
speec/i 你能把你的讲话精
kekkon, or arranged marriage, is thriving.
简为五分钟吗？
译文：当今日本繁荣昌盛，但更趋保守，传统的
【派生】compressor /!• 压缩机，压气机
包办婚姻正大行其道。
peep /pi：p/
prospect /pmspekt/
vi*. to look quickly ands ecretly at sth•偷看 /
【助记】pro(forward)+spect(看)— 向前看— 前景
peeped through the window to see if she
n. ① chances or opportunities for success 前责
ims 我从窗户看了看她是否在那里
What do you think about the prospect of
n•①偷看 He took a peep at the bcw/c of the
你对网络经济的前景有何
book to find out the answers to the ques-
看法？
/i■他偷偷看了 一下书的后面，想找出那些问
② sth. presented to the eye; a scene 景象 a
题的答案，
beautiful pivspect over the valley 山谷之上
②喃咕 Don’t let me hear another peep out
的美丽景色
o/2/ow. 别让我再听到你嘀咕什么
③ a candidate deemed likely to succeed 有希
望的候选X She’s considered a good prospect peer /pie/
for the next election.地被认为是T 次选•举有 /i. ①同龄人 To lessen peer pressure， schools
希望获胜的人。 require students to wear unifonns. 为减少
来自同龄群体的压力，学校要求学生们穿校服。
spacious /speij as/ ②贵族【同 nobleman】 /fe’s been rmw化 a peer
【助记】spac(空间）+ious_►宽敞的 worn他现在被封为贵族了
仏 large in area or extent宽广的，宽 敞 的 77祕 vt. to look intently, searchingly, or with difficulty
Tian’anmen Square is the most spacious 仔细看S/祕p從red似 M m dose/".她仔细地
square in the wo?id.天安H广场是世界上& 盯着他看。
•122.vigorous /vigaras/ luxury /lAkJan/
a .① using a lot of energy and strength or de- n. ①奢侈a 以/fe 奢侈的生活
termination 有力的 77⑷ 分 stowW ②奢侈品■Diamond is 沁
take the most vigorous action to strike ter- 钻石是女士们最喜爱的奢侈品。
rorism. ilt府应该采取最有力的行动打击恐怖主义。 【派生】 luxurious a•豪华的，奢侈的
②strong and healthy 精力充沛的 OW os k
【词源】源自拉丁语lux “光”。本意是住在银河
k r切onms and沉“從.他虽然年纪很
(milk way)旁边的仙女的肌肤。拥有这样的肌肤
大了，但仍然精力充沛。
对凡间的女子来说几乎是一种奢侈，力士香皂
【派生】vigo(u)r/i•精力，活力
(Lux)说的就是这个意思。
vivid /'vivid/
extravagant /ikstreevegent/
【助记】viv(生命)+id—生动的
【助记】extra(在…之外）+vag(漫步）+ant—► 漫步于
a.①producing very clear pictures in your mind
界线之外—过度的
生动的 I gave my friends a vivid descrip
a. ① very expensive and not necessary 奢侈的
tion of my journey in Tibet with pictures.
【反 thrifty】 /《’s gwi
我用照片生动地向朋友们描绘了我的西藏之旅。
②very bright in color 鲜艳的 77祕 gr從n dent to spend 2,000 yuan on a dress.花 2QQQ
of leaves in spring is my favorite color. 春 元买一套衣服对于一个学生来说也太奢侈了。
天嫩叶的鲜绿色是我最喜爱的颜色。 ②more than is usual, necessary, or proper
过度的 Most inexperienced young people tend
boom /bu:m/ to hold extravagant hopes for the future. 大
vL ①to grow, develop, or progress rapidly 激增， 多数未经世事的年轻人都对未来抱有奢望。
繁荣【同flourish】 Business 6⑻ 生 意 【派生】extravagance /I. 浪费，奢侈
兴旺。
②to make a loud deep sound (发出）隆隆声 accommodate /e'komadeit/
Our teacher boomed out his answer. A 们的 付•①to have enough space for 容纳 77祕
老师用低沉的声音做出回答。 ccm accommodate 000 这个旅馆能
n . ①激增，繁荣baby boom婴儿出生高峰期 容纳1000人。
② （发出）隆 隆 声 如 boom 大炮 ② to provide room for向…提 供 住 处 （或 膳 宿 ）
的隆隆声 accommodate sb. for the night 留臬人住一夜
③t o adapt or adjust使 适 应 W7泌r仍疋r 分oes,
b 〇 OSt /bu:st/ he readily accommodates to new circum-
付•①to increase; raise 提高 7%红 new;仏c/migwe
於anc你.不管到哪儿，他都能迅速适应新环境。
ftoosi /⑻ d prodwc^on. 这种新工艺将会
【派生】accommodation /I•住处，住所；膳宿
提高食品产量。
专四真题
©to stir up enthusiasm for; promote vigor-
ously 推动，激 励 阶 n從d to cmr spr The Western ideal of marrying for love is
ite. 我们需要鼓舞士气。 accommodated in 狂 new omiai in which
③ to advertise sth. by discussing or praising both parties are free to reject the match.
it 宣扬 They designed an advertising pro 译文：西方的自由恋爱婚姻在新式的包办婚姻中
gram to boost local products abivad. 为了推 得到调和，在新式的包办婚姻中，双方都有拒绝
销地方产品，他们制作了一个广告节目。 对方的自由。
/ i.① 提 高 a 6〇〇对in p rice涨价
② 推动 This will be a great boost to the econ-
lodge /i〇d
3
/
om^/.这对于经济发展将是一个巨大的推动， 【助记】发音：“落脚”―借宿
③ 宣扬 She got an unexpected publicity boost, vi to stay at a place for a short period of time
m kccr/ neM；spcrper. 她出乎意料地被当地 借宿 The travelers lodged in motels every
报纸公开宣扬。 71切似.这些旅行者每晚都借宿汽车旅馆。
•123.vt. to provide (sb.) with a place to stay for a build a new bridge over the river.他受li t
short period of time供 …以 临 时 住 宿 77紀 在这条河上建一座新桥
refugees are being lodged in an old army v/. (l)to officially ask sb. to write, make or cre
camp.难民们暂时被安置在一座旧军营里 ate sth. or to do a task for you 委托 Kow
w. 乡间小屋a 狩猶小屋 can commission them to paint something
【派生】lodger /I•房客，租住名•// lodging /i.住所； especia% /or 2/0仏你可以委托他们专门为你
b/.j出租的房间 画点什么。
©to choose sb. as an officer in one of the
commit /ko'mit/
armed forces 委任 He has just been com-
【助记】com(with)+mit(送出）一♦把…托付给
fas aj pi/of oj[/?cer. 他刚被任命为
w•①to do (sth. that is illegal or harmful)犯（错
空军少尉。
误、罪行等） It is a cowcmlly ad to commit
【派生】commissioner /丨•专员，委员；地方长官
swicide in /ace 〇/ d汾’icw% . 遇到困难时自杀
是懦夫的行为。 interact /.intar'aekt/
©to make (sb. or sth.) obligated to do sth. 【助记】inter(between) +act(作用）一*•相互作用
使承担义务 //e rio/ comm" Vi.①to come together and have an effect on
m any 他不愿作任何承诺 each other相互作用，相互影响A W 执?>1 沢are
d)to give sb. your love or support in a seri- interrelated and interacted on each other.
ous and permanent way (〜 切 ）把 …托付给 所有的事物都是相互联系相互作用的
The old man committed his will to the care ②to talk or do things with other people 交流，
〇/ /te fcm^/er.老人把他的遗嘱委托律师保管 交往 Harry Potter interacts well with other
④to decide to use money, time, people etc. children in the class.哈利•波特和班1 的其
for a particular purpose 拨出 The company 他孩子相处得很好D
has committed funds to an advertising cam- 【派生】interaction /!•相互作用 // interactive at•互
pa切n. 公司已拨出专款做广告宣传 相影响的；交互式的
【派生】committed a•献身的，忠诚的// committee
manipulate /mampjuieit/
/i. 委员会
v/•① to control or influence sb. or sth., often in
commitment /kamitment/ a dishonest way so that they do not realize
/i.①a responsibility or promise to follow certain it 操纵 It was a shameless attempt to ma-
beliefs or a certain course of action 承诺；承 opin/ow.操纵舆论是一种无耻
担的义务 Jim’s a/mid 〇/ com- 的图谋。
吉姆害怕感情上的承诺// ②to control or use sth. in a skilful way(熟练
people don’t want to get married because 地）操作 Do /enow; /ww to a
they are afraid of commitments• 许多、不& compw,於r?你知道怎样操作计算机吗？
结婚是因为他们害怕承担责任
recommend /.rekamend/
②the state of being emotionally or intellec-
【助记】re(again) +commend(称赞）一►一再称赞一►
tually devoted 信 奉 ，献身 //汾* co?nm以mewHo
推荐
w;or/c is 6句/ond糾從“cm. 她的敬业精神不容
vt. ®to praise or commend to another as being
置疑。
worthy or desirable # Can you recom
commission /ka'mi/an/ mend a good English dictionary to m e?你
n. ①委员会the hovsing commission住房委资 能否向我推荐一本好的英语词典？
会 ② to advise or counse丨 劝 告 阶 ’以作com
② 佣金 Insurance saies7nen can get consid mend 2/cm to 6 ⑽fc yowr yZi分 扮 ecn切•我 们建
erable commission on their successful sales. 议你早点儿预订航班。
保险推销员可从成功销售中获得可观的佣金。 ③ to make attractive or acceptable 使成为可
③ 委托 He had received the commission to 取 As a tourist resort the place doesn't
•124.have anything to recommend it.作为旅游观 for sb./sth.代 替 ，取代
光地，这个地方并无可取之处D 【派生】substitution /i• 代替，代理
【派生】recommendation n• 推荐，介绍；劝告
replace /n'pieis/
【归类卡片】接 that从 句 动 词 用should型虚拟语
【助 记 】re(again)+place(位 置 ）一>重 新 调 整 位 置 —
气的
取代
建议:advise, suggest, propose, recommend
v/•①to take the place of or fill the role of 取代
命令:order, command, direct
Nothing can replace a mother’s love and
要求:demand, request, require
care.没有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关怀。
★这类动词的名词形式后跟相关的名词性从句
©to provide a substitute for (sth. broken or
的谓语也要用should型虚拟语气
、 . - __________ _________________________ • _ ■ * unsatisfactory) 更换 Fbi/7/ 如從如 r印tace
those tyres; they’re badly worn.你必爾 l 俠
concrete /konkrht/
这些轮胎，它们磨损得太厉害了
亿具体的【反abstract】 Do 2/ow feave似切cowered
®to put back into a former position or place
似？你有什么具体建议吗？
把…放回原处 / repZaced rap carWw%
w. 混凝土 concrete 钢筋混凝土
in /以semeer.我小心翼地把杯子放回茶碟
install /rnstoil/ 【短语】replace A with / by B 用 B 替换A
【助 记 】in+stal(l)(站 立 ）—给 …安插站立的位置— 【派生】replacement /i• 替 代 ；代用品
安装
purchase /p3：tj as/
V/.①to connect or set in position and prepare
【助 记 】口111*(^)1')+(：11386(追）一>>追求喜欢的东西—
for use 安装 The hotel chain has recently
购买
irzsto/Zerf a ⑽n. 这家连销旅
v厶 to buy sth. 购买 Goods are ope/i to /r從
馆最近安装了新的预订系统。
pi^c/wz從.自由采购商品
(Dto put sb. in an official or important job
n.购买，购买的物品mafce a, 买件东西
就职 He was installed as Prime Minister
lasl year.去年他被任命为首相 apparatus /.aepa'reitas/
【派生】installation /i• 安装；任职 n. ®the tools or other pieces of equipment that
are needed for a particular activity or task
instal(l)ment /instoiimant/
器槭 Firefighters needed breathing appara
w• ① 分 期 付 款 Mmy
tus to enter the bwming house. 消防 人资需
in i似如//mewte.许多白领人士用分期
要呼吸器以便进入燃烧的大楼
付款的方式买房子。
©the structure of a system or an organiza
②(分期连载的）部 分 77犯 stor?/ /n/Wistod
tion, particularly that of a political party or
in installments from May to November.这
a government 机构，组织 77祕 ci印’s seewri^/
个故事从5 月到11月份分期连栽发表。
apparatus needs reforming.这个城市的治安
substitute ，s Abstit ju: t/ 机构需要改良
【助 记 】sub(under)+stitute(站 ）—站在后面备用—
invest /invest/
代替品
v/•① to commit (money or capital) in order to
/!. a replacement代用品，代 替 者 阶 2/從 对 ics
gain a financial return tS iS He invested all
os a 汾w^/or s仏以我们用塑料替代钢。
his money in stocks and shares.他把所有
v. to take the place of another (〜 /or)代替 Cojfjfee
的钱都投入了股票买卖。
and soft drinks can't substitute for water.
(Dto give your time or effort in order to do
咖啡和饮料都不能代替水。// sw&s份wted
sth. or make sth. better 投入（时间、精力等）
red balls for blue, to see if the baby would
wottce.我们用红球代替蓝球，看这是否会引起 The volunteers invested a lot of time in
婴儿的注意。 trying to help retarded children.怎恳老们把
大量时间花在设法帮助弱智儿童上。
【短 语 】 substitute A for B 用 A 代 B // substitute
•125vi. in)投资 Low interest rate in the bank en We squeezed the juice from an orange.
courages citizens to invest in the stock 我们从橙子中挤出汁来。
marfcW.银行利率低促使市民向股市投资。 vi. to move into or through a small or crowded
【派生】investment /!•投资；投入// investor w•投 space 挤，挤过 We sgwe议ed crow;d
资者 t o e o 汾 door.我们挤过人群，来到出口处。
n.①挤 There’s room for one more, but it’ll be
arrange /eremd3/
a 这里还能容下一个人，但是会挤一
【助记】ar(to)+range(排列）一►安排
点的。
v•① to plan or prepare for 安排，准备 J ⑽
② 握（手）give 5ft. a 叫鉍ee從 （"〇/ /land)
my parents arrange a marriage for m e.我
紧握某人的手
不会让父母做主包办我的掩姻。 // Have you
③ 持据 I often feel the squeeze at the end
arranged to meet Mark this weekend? 你安
〇/ eve/方 mon仇我通常在每个月底就感到手
排好了这个周末与马克的会面吗？
头拮据。
(Dto put into a specific order or relation; dis-
pose 排列，布置 忉淡.她 assemble /esembl/
插花插得很好。 【助记】as(to)+semble(类似)— 物以类聚— 集合
【派生】rearrange v•重新布置；重新安排// arrange v•① to bring or call together into a group 集合
ment /!•排列 ， 布置； 安排，薄备 77祕 penem/ ossembted Ziis 卜oops. 将军把他
的军队调集起来3 // “ 执^ /ire a/am goes,
专四真题
staff should assemble outside the building.
For much of our history, after all, Ameri
火警警报响时，全体人员应到楼外集合。
cans arranged the school year around the
②to fit together the parts or pieces of 装酉己
needs of work and family.
He was busy assembling parts into a ma-
译文：毕竞，在历史上很长时间，美国人是根据
cfcine.他忙着把机器零件组装起来。
工作和家庭的需要来安排整个学年的。
【派生】reassemble v•重新收集；重新装配
expend /ikspend/ assembly /a'sembli/
【助记】ex(out〉+pend(衡量)— “消费”前要衡世一下 n•①立法机构the power of assembly议会的权力
钱包 ② 集会 The United Nations General Assent-
vt. to use or spend a lot of time, money, energy, 6奴w armwa%.联合国大会一年召开一次。
etc.花费、消费 My sister expended most of her ③ 装 配 cr car assemWy 汽车装配厂
incomes on all sorts of luxuries.我姐姐把
【归类卡片】各种“会议”
她的大部分收入用在奢侈品上。
assembly 集会 conference(专门）会议
【派生】expense /!• 消费；消耗；[/?/•]开支// expen-
rally群众大会 congress代表大会
diture w.经费；支出，消耗
session ( — 届）会议 con vention (正式）会议
squander /skwDnda/
resemble /rizembi/
vt. to carelessly waste money, time, opportunities
e tc .浪费，挥霍 He has squandered all his 【助记】re+semble(类 似 ）— 类似于
V/. to look or be like sb. or sth.像，类似于 //e
savings on drink.他把存的iK全买酒喝了
strongly resembles his father.他餘似他的父
squeeze /skwi：z/ 亲。
vt. ®to press sth. firmly together with your fin 【派生】resemblance w•相似
gers or hand 压，挤 ，捏 AZice squeezed her
appearance /apiarans/
arm q/jTecHona於从爱丽丝疼爱地捏了捏她的
/i.①出现a pwWic a仍?earance公开场合露面
胳牌 // Squeeze out the last of the tooth-
pas仏.把最后的牙膏硬挤出来 ②外表 Never judge from appearances.不要
以貌取人。
②to get liquid from sth. by pressing it 榨取，
•126【短语】to all appearances就外表看来 to pr印are /or /mrricane电台警告市民
们作好预防暴风准备。
disappear /.disa'pia/
②to make sb. notice sth. important 使认识到
W. to pass out of sight 消失 77
Montessori alerted teachers to the impor
fte/iiwd a dowd.飞机飞入云中不见了
tance of observing children at play.蒙台梭
【派生】reappear v•再现
利提醒教师们，孩子玩耍时注意观察是很重要的^
vanish /vaemj/ /i. a warning to be ready for possible danger
瞀戒；警报air ate付空袭警报
【助记】van(空的）+ish-►空无一物—消失
【短语】on the alert警戒着 Be o n a/ e r / /or
Vi. to disappear suddenly, esp. in a way that
pickpockets in the crowds.
cannot be easily explained 消失 人 多 拥 挤 时 要 时 刻
提防扒手。
dreams may come tme or may vanish into
thin a ir.美梦也许会成真，也许会成为泡影 accumulate /9kju:mjuleit/
【辨析】表示“消失”的动词 【助记】ac(to)+cumulate(堆积)一►积累
disappear: — 般用词，指突然地或逐漸地、暂时地 vt. to gather or cause to increase ^ M By in
或永久地消失 vesting wisely she accumulated a fortune.
vanish:指突然而神秘地消失，且常有不留任何 她由于投资精明而积蓄了一笔财产。
痕迹的意思 v厶累积，聚积【同gather】 Dz/W料 accwirm-
lates if we don't sweep our room .我们如果
不打扫房间，灰尘很快就会积聚起厚厚的一层。
w.闸，刹车 77说 car ims
advantage /9dVa：ntid3/
to 6ra/ces.这一汽车事故起因于刹车不
【助记】advant(前进）+age(表状态)— 优点
灵。
/i. ® a beneficial factor or combination of factors
v. 刹车 Don’t bmke the car when it has a
优魚 This method has many advantages.这
swdden ytaHire.汽车突然爆胎时不要刹车。
个办法有很多优点。
// /fe bra/ced swddew/从.他来了个急刹车。
©benefit or gain Every advantage has
cfeadmnto供. 有利必有弊。
alarm /9.ia:m/
【短语】have an advantage over… 比…具有更大的
n. ® sudden fear or concern caused by the
优势 // to advantage 有利地 // take advan
realization of danger 'K S The news of the
tage of 利用，占… 的便宜 i/e admntoflre
radiation leak caused widespread public
of the good weather to go for a walk.他趁
福射泄漏的消息引起了公众的普遍惊慌c
着天气好，出去散散步。
② 闹钟 a/arm on /or 7 o’ docfc•把
【派生】advantageous a.有利的
闹钟拨到七点。
③ 警报 771印 kard a/arm.他们听到 disadvantage /,disadVa：ntid3/
了火警警报。 【助记】dis(not)+advantage(优势)一►弊端
vt. to fill with alarm or anxious concern 5& n. an unfavorable condition or position 不利地
Her high temperature alarmed the doctors. 位；弊嫌 His inability to speak French puts
她体溫很高，这使医生有些担心。 a 他不会说法语，这使他
很吃亏。// The scheme’s advantages outweigh
alert /a'i3：t/
这项计划利大于弊。
a.瞥觉的【同 watchful】 m 执e/ire
以• to hinder or harm 损害 He was disadvan
is important for people's finding the way taged by illness. 疾病使他伤了 元气。
owf. 发生火警时，保持机警对于人们逃生来讲很 【短语】to sb.’s disadvantage对某人不利// at a
重要。 disadvantage处于不利地位
v/•① to notify of approaching danger or action; 【派生】disadvantaged a•处于不利地位的；贫困的
warn 向…报警 77祕 radio aterted 似 // disadvantageous a•不利的；蔑视的
•127.border /*b〇：da/ center 边缘，外围 ft w;as easier《〇 mm;e crdoiU
n. ® a decorative design along the edge of sth. on fte/riw供 〇/ cro馈1 在人群外围移动
边 Her handkerchief 1ms a blue border•地 比较容易。
的手帕有一条蓝边 a.附加的/Wn众e 额外福利
②边界【同boundary】 border das/奶边界冲突 v t.怍为… 的边缘 The road was fringed with
v/. (Dto form an edge along 给…加上边，围价〇^- 道路两旁柳树成行，
ows bordered the path to the woods.通往森■
extinct /ik'stiQkt/
林的小径两边都是草坪
a•① no longer existing or living 灭绝的 Di-
②to be next to sth.邻接 Canada borders
nosaurs have been extinct for millions of
f/m:仏d S/ates.加拿大与美国峨邻
2/ears.恐龙已经灭绝几百万年了。
v!••①to be very close to being sth. extreme
②no longer active or in use 不再活跃的，已
(~ on)近 似 ，接近 His words bordered on
废弃的cm voZcawo死火山
ractewess. 他的话近乎粗鲁
【派生】extinction /!• 熄灭；绝种
②与…接壤 Myanmar borders on India.细
甸与印度接壤 album /aelbam/
n.相册 I keep the photographs in an aibum.
verge /V3：d3/
我把照片放在相册里。
n. an area along the edge of a road, path, etc.
边缘 the verge of a lake 湖& deputy /depjuti/
vL to be very close to a harmful or extreme w.①副职 副市长/
state (~ ow} 接 近 * 副主编
verge on the fanatical.有时他的信仰近乎 ② 代表，代 理 人 J d someone to act
狂热。 as my deputy during my absence. A 必须我
【短语】on the verge of接近于，濒临于/)〇??々 Wame 一个人，当我不在时代理我的职务
her; she is on the verge of tears.别再责备
union
她了，她都要哭了。
① 工 会 The lab〇7， union struc/c for higher
margin /ma：d3in/ 工会为争取更高薪酬而罢工。
n. (J)页边空白 While he read the book, he made @联合 The artist’s work shows the perfect
肋仏s i n 以说mar分iw.他读书的时候，
union of craftsmanship and imagination.
在页边做了很多笔记: 这位艺术家的作品体现出技艺和想象力的完美
② 差数，差额 //e /aited to a memfter 〇/
结合。
the board by only a small m argin.他仅以
③ 面结 AU the nationalUies live together in
极少的票数之差而未当选委员会成员。
imion.各族人民非常和睦地生活在一起。
③ 余裕，利润 77犯分ross pro/iZ marym cowZrf
be as high as 50% for a successful restau- unify /juimfai/
— 家成功的饭店毛利润可高达50%c 【助记】uni(one)+fy(使)一►统一
④ the edge of a forest, island or other area v/.统一；使一致 LincoZn 切似 feowored
边，边缘 The village is situated at the margin mostly in the U.S. because he unified the
o/a/oresf.这个村子地处森林的边缘 美国人敬重林肯，主要是因为他统一了
失舀 // His music unifies traditional and
fringe /fnndy
wioderM执e?nes. 他的音乐结合了古典和现代
n•①M 海 She wore her hair in a fringe•她留
主题。
着刘海。
【派生】unity /!•统一，一体；团结，一致
②饰以流苏的边 There’s a beautiful fringe
round the edge of the bedspread•床革四沿 entity /entiti/
饰有美丽的流苏 « .实体，独立存在体77祕加;〇 compawi從，执〇以分/i
©at the part of sth. that is farthest from the under the same group， are separate legal
•128.edifies.这两家公司虽然同属一个集团，却是独 ©to be full of excitement, activity, etc.
立的法律实体。 (〜 flroM/n/, 忙乱 AZice 认2之汉/ anmnd
the kitchen making preparation for the
joint /d3〇int/
par/^Z.艾丽丝在厨房里忙来忙去为这次宴会做
【助记】join(结合)+t—连接的
准备，
仏①连接的a joinf对racd/re连接的结构
w.①晦 嘴 声 ^rain w)as in fma. 我的脑袋嘴
② 共 同 的 阶 did以to分 • ，以ims a joiwf
嗡响。
沒和汴这是我们一起做的，是共同努力的结果。
②嘈杂的谈话声火imze：
n•①关节 The finger joints are called “knuck-
the courtroom as the defendant was led in.
tes”. 手指的关节叫做“指节”。
被告被带进来时，法庭内充满激动的嘈杂声。
这接头the joints in a pipe管子的接合处
【短语】out of joint脱臼；出了问题 gossip /gosip/
专四真题 /i.①流言飞语 You shouldn’t listen to idle
gossip.你不应■听信元聊的传言
For many years hip-joints and other body
②爱说长道短的人Sk is cm o/d gossip. 她
joints have been replaceable either partially
是一个长舌妇u
or completely.
vi.说长道短 She was gossiping with her friend
译文.•多年来，人们就已经在部分地或全部地替
afeoW //w? boss’s to抓 她 正 同 朋 友 闲 聊 老
换掉身上的髋关节和其他关节
板的爱情生活。
kneel /ni：i/
hammer /haema/
【助记】knee(/i• 膝）的动词
".锤 come wmter 你^ /wimmer 被拍卖
v/.跪 The two fighters knelt and prayed to
v .敲打 The police hammered the door.謦察不
G o d 这两个斗士跪下，并向上帝祈祷。
停地敲门 // He hammered against (on) the
【用法】过去式、过去分词knelt/kneeled。
dooi. with his fists.他用汉拳砰碎敲H。
lease /":s/ 【短语】hammer out褐力想出// hammer away at
【助记】l+ease(安心)->有了租约才安心—租约 努力做 I kept hammering away at the essay
W.租约OW 租的，以租用的形式 im成 “切似必脱我一直在写我的论文，直到
说 ① 出 租 阶 奶 说 tease 2/ow你^ ⑽〇 写好为止。
2/ears. 我们将把这房屋租给你两年
专四真题
②租得 The firm leases an office with views
Yes, Fm glad you called, because we really
over⑽ river. 公司租了 一个带临河风景的办
need to h^yner out the details.
事处。
译文：是啊，很高兴你打电话给我，因为我们的确
rent /rent/ 需要推敲一下细节。
k ①租惜 I’d like to rent a car for just one
da?/.我想租一部车 ，一 天即可 // Nick’s been shrug /JrAg/
renting for five years now, and he can’t qf- v./n.耸 表示冷漠、怀疑等） shrug one’s shoul
/ord Zo如从尼克已经租了 5年房，他买不起 der 耸耸 M // He shrugged helplessly and said
②出租，出借 renf aparZmewte《〇 no执他无可奈何地耸耸肩，什么也没说//
long-staying guests.许多酒店出租公寓房给长 The boy gave a slight shrug and walked
住客。 那男孩微微耸了耸肩，走开了。
w.租金，出 租 ren《房租 【短语】shrug off对…满不在乎，对…不屑一顾//e
【派生】rental /I•缴付或收取的租金数额；租赁 s/irw你ed oj〇T执^ criticism他对批评不予理昧。
buzz /bAZ/ gasp /ga:sp/
W. d)发出嗡嗡声【同hum】 VWiars a/Z认私fewair设 W. to breathe with difficulty 喘气 J came owf 〇/
你们在嚷嚷嘴鳴做什么？ the water and gasped for breath.我钻出水
•129-面，急切地喘了 口气。 tune /tju：n/
WL to say with quick, difficult breaths 喘着气说出 n•曲子 There’s many a good tune played on
The excited boy gasped the news.那个漱动 (moW/iddte.提琴虽老，仍可奏出好的曲子。（老
的男孩喘着气说出了这个消息 当益壮。）
w•喘 气 ai one’s t a W 快咽气时 v/. (Dto put into proper pitch 为（乐器）调音 Pteo脱
tune up your instruments before class.请
tone /teun/
在上课前调好乐器的音调。
n .①语气//is tone 他的语气有些
② to adjust so as to meet specific
犹豫C
requirements 调节 The machine has just
② 音调 Her voice has a pleasant _ e •地的
hmed.机器刚刚调整过。
声音有一种悦耳的声调3
【短语】in tune (with)(与…）协调 // out of tune
③ 风格 Sarah had kept the tone of the
(with)(与…）不协调// to the tune of达…
meeting businesslike.
之多，共计// tune in (to)收听，收看
务实的风格。
④色 调 so/Z 決绿的色调 【归类卡片】音乐术语（musical terms}
节拍 beat, tempo 旋律 melody
vt. to make firmer or stronger (- u p )增强
节奏rhythm 曲子tune
Aerobics is good for generally toning up
《以 body. 健身操对于普遍增强体质很有益处 歌词lyrics 音阶scale
音高pitch
【短语】tone down (使）缓和
•130.典型考题精练
1. The more a nation’s companies ___ factories abroad, the smaller that country’s recorded
exports will be.
A. lie B. spot C. stand D. locate
2. Please ______ dictionaries when you are not sure of word spelling or meaning.
A. seek B. inquire C. search D. consult
3. Within two weeks of arrival, all foreigners had to _____ with the local police.
A. inquire B. consult C. register D. resolve
4. During the lecture, the speaker occasionally _____ his point by relating his own experiences.
A. illustrated B. hinted C. cited D. displayed
5. The leader of the expedition ______ everyone to follow his example.
A. promoted B. reinforced C. sparked D. inspired
6. The same factors push wages and prices up together, the one ______ the other.
A. increasing B. emphasizing C. reinforcing D. multiplying
7. When she heard the bad news, her eyes ______ with tears as she struggled to control her
emotions.
A. sparkled B. twinkled C. radiated D. glittered
8. While nuclear weapons present grave dangers, the predominant crisis of overpopulation is
with us today.
A. inevitable B. constant C. overwhelming D. potential
9. Erik’s website contains _______ photographs and hundreds of articles and short videos from his
trip around the globe.
A. prosperous B. gorgeous C. spacious D. simultaneous
10. The _______ of finding gold in California attracted a lot of people to settle down there.
A. prospects B. speculations C. stakes D. provisions
11. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, _______ defended the right of every citizen to freedom
of choice in religion.
A. peculiarly B. indifferently C. vigorously D. inevitably
12. The post-World War II baby _______ resulted in a 43 percent increase in the number of teenagers
in the 1960s and 1970s.
A. boost B. boom C. production D. prosperity
13. Executives of the company er\joyed an _______ lifestyle of free gifts, fine wines and high
salaries.
A. exquisite B. extravagant C. exotic D. eccentric
14. By signing the lease we made a _______ to pay a rent of $150 a week.
A. conception B. commission C. commitment D. confinement
15. Researchers have discovered that _______ with animals in an active way may lower a person’s
blood pressure.
A. interacting B. integrating C. migrating D. merging
16. He bought his house on the _______ plan, paying a certain amount of money each month.
A. division B. premium C. installment D. fluctuation
17. Doctors warned against chewing tobacco as a for smoking.
A. relief B. revival C. substitute D. succession
18. She was so fat that she could only just _____ through the door.
•131 •A. assemble B. appear C. squeeze D. gather
19. Everybody ______ in the hall where they were welcomed by the secretary.
A. assembled B. accumulated C. piled D. joined
20. The sign set up by the road drivers to a sharp turn.
A. alerts B. refreshes C. pleads D. diverts
21. ______ energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, an
earthquake.
A. Accumulated B. Gathered C. Assembled D. Collected
22. Many ecologists believe that lots of m^jor species in the world are on the of extinction.
A. margin B. border C. verge D. fringe
23. You shouldn't have written in the since the book belongs to the library.
A. interval B. border C. margin D. edge
24. If nothing is done to protect the environment, millions of species that are alive today will have
become ______.
A. deteriorated B. degenerated C. suppressed D. extinct
25. The on this apartment expires in a year’s time.
A. treaty B. lease C. engagement D. subsidy
@ 答案与译文
1. [D】一个国家，其公司在国外建厂越多，那么它所记录的出口量就越小
2. [D]当你拿不准单词的拼写或意思时请查字典，
3. [C]所有的外国人必须在到达之后的两周内到当地警局注册
4. [A]在讲座中，演讲者不时地讲述他的亲身经历以阐明他的观点..
5. [D】探险队的领导激励每一个人以他为榜样、，
6. [C]相同的因素浞使工资和物价上杨，二者互相推动
7. [A]当她听到垂耗时，她尽力控制自己的情绪，但眼睛里闪着泪花
8. [D]尽管核武器是严重的潜在危险，可是现实的严峻危机是我们人口过多
9. [B]埃里克的网站包含他在环球旅行中拍摄的漂亮的照片、写下的数百篇文章以及录制的短片录像
10. [A】找到黄金的希望吸引了大量的人来到加利福尼亚定居.
11. [C]成廉.彭，宾夕法尼亚州的开创者，有力地保卫每个公民宗教信仰自由的权利
12. [B】二战后的婴儿出生高峰导致20世纪六七十年代青少年人教增长了 43%
13. 丨B]公司主管过着奢侈的生活：收着礼物、喝着美酒、领着高薪
14. [C]我们签订了租约，答应每周付150美元租金
15. [A]研究者们发现，积极地与动物交往可以降低人的血压
16. [C]他以分期付款的方式买了房子，每个月付一部分钱
17. [C]医生警告说不要用咀嚼烟叶来代替吸烟
18. [C]她太胖了只能从门中挤过去
19. [A]人们聚集到大厅里，书记对他们表示了欢迎
20. [A]路边的标牌提醒司机注意一个急转弯。
21. [A]地球表面下累积的能量必须以某种形式释放出来，例如地震
22. [C]许多生态学者认为很多主要物种都濒临灭绝。
23. [C]你不该在书的页边空白处乱写乱画，这本书是图书馆的
24. [D]如果不采取措施保护环境，目前尚存的几百万物种将有可能灭绝
25. [B]这套公寓的租约1年内到期
•132.cm_m no
单词预习+返记
□mysterious □refute □interpret □tissue □alternative □apparent
□myth □nuclear □version □fashion □differ □transparent
□legend □radiate □ambiguous □current □disobey □doze
□vapo(u)r □radioactive □obscure □internal □obedient □snore
□evaporate □emit □dim □incredible □imperative □cosy/cozy
□fade □catastrophe □skeptical/sceptical Dcredible □conserve □sole
□witness □plague □ambition □fragile □conservative □erase
□accuse □rid □notorious □subtle □consume □warrant
□suspect □verdict □aggressive □feeble □subordinate □abrupt
□suspicion □rage □enthusiastic □crisp □crucial □render
□proof □rumo(u)r □confuse □bind □satisfactory □sophisticated
□bet □scandal □perplex □trivial □distaste □strategy
□rob □reputation □complicate □fatal □approve □tactic
□convict □turbulent □complex □tentative □consent □diplomatic
□conviction □tragedy □intricate □alter □admission □upgrade
□retort □vulnerable □arbitrary □alternate □dismay □option
mysterious /mistienas/ 成为家喻户晓的名人。
a. strange, unknown or difficult to understand 神 【辨析】表示“传说，故事”的名词
秘的 The cause of Marilyn Monroe’s death legend:传说、传奇，指与过去时代有关的非真实
is still mysterious even to historians.玛丽 的故事
莲•梦露的死因甚至对于史学家也仍是个谜团。
narrative:故事，强调事实性，而不是虚构性
【派生】mystery w•神秘（性），神秘的人（或物） story:可以指任何口头的、书面的、真实的或虚构
的故事
myth /mi8/
tale: 任何一种口头的或书面的以娱乐或欺骗为
【助记】发音“秘史”->所谓的秘史都是“杜撰出来的事”
目的的夸张的故事
/!•①杜撰出来的人（或事物）B ’s力 a 肌沒认执加 ^ — - --------------―二
divorced dads don't care about their kids.
vap〇(u)r /veipa/
说爸爸离婚后就不关心自己的孩子了，这不过是
n ,(蒸）汽 Wafer caw info papowr 祕/iew
无稽之谈。
• 水被加热时，可以变成水蒸气
②神话 /7如 to Moon is cm cm-
【派生】vaporize v•(使）汽化，（使)蒸发
cie/U 仇 《嫦娘奔月》是中国古代的
一个神话。 evaporate /ivaepareit/
【助记】e(out)+vapor(水蒸气）+ate(使）一► 以水蒸气
legend /’ied and/
3 的形式挥发出去一> 使蒸发
n.①传说 Robin Hood was a weU-known figure
v. (Dto convert or change into a vapor 蒸发 77^
in 罗宾汉是英国传奇故事中
pool of water on the playground evaporated
的著名人物。
in smw. 操场上的积水在阳光下蒸发了。 II
②传奇 X 物 Pele， Maradonna and other
The sun wUl evaporate the mist.欠怍会策
footballing legends have become household 发雾气。
從. 贝利、马拉多纳等足球界传奇人物早已 ② to disappear; vanish 消失 //er
•133.had now completely evap〇7，ated. v/•① to consider (sth.) to be true or probable
她 的 信 心 已
经消失殆尽。 on little or no evidence 推测 We
6e a to仏. 我们揣想他们会晚一点来。
fade /feid/
②to have doubts about (sth.); distrust 对…表
v/.①to lose color and brightness, or to make
示怀疑/ sw印ect fois 我怀疑他的动
sth. to do this 褪去，褪色 77犯 co/ors 〇/
机。
photog7，aph have faded with time.随着时间
可疑分子 He’s a prime suspect in the mur-
的推移，相片褪色了。
cter cose.他是这次谋杀案的主要怀疑对象
② to disappear gradually逐渐消失,变微弱77於
可疑的 stotemewte are 他的陈述
sound of the cheering faded away in the
可疑。
欢呼声在远处逐渐消失了。
③ 凋谢，枯萎【同wither】77紹 were fad- suspicion /ssspijan/
ir设 i n i ；ase. 花瓶里的花在凋谢 n. ① a feeling that sb. is possibly guilty of a
vf•使植色 Tke strong sunlight can fade tke crime or of doing sth. wrong 怀疑 a
cur切i似.强烈的阳光会使窗帘裢色 crime, suspicion naturally falls on the per-
son /wls a motive.罪案发生后，有作案动
witness /witms/
机的人自然会受到怀疑。
【助记】wit(了解）+ness— 了解情况的人—目击者
②a minute amount 少置 a s^spicicm 〇/ 些
n. ①one who can give a firsthand account of
微，一点点
sth. seen, heard, or experienced 目击者，见证
【派生】suspicious a.怀疑的，多疑的；不信任的
人 Police have appealed for witnesses to the
专四真题
• 警方呼吁这个事故的目击者出来作证。
(2)sth. that serves as evidence iEtg She was In fact, he was suspicious of large, bureau
punished for giving false witness.她因作伪 cratic organizations, as is evidenced in
证受到惩处。 films like That Darned Cat.
vt. ①to see sth. happen, esp. a crime or acci- 译文：事实上，他对大的职能机构表示怀疑，这一
dent 目击 Did anyone witness the traffic 点在诸如《酷猫妙探》的影片里得到了证明c
有谁目击了这场交通事故？
proof /pru:f/
② to provide or serve as evidence of 证明
There are alternative ways to teach chil n. ®any factual evidence that helps to establish
dren, as witnessed by Rosemont Elemen- the truth of sth. 证据 //awe 2/ow pot any
fare’s program. 教育孩子还有其他可供选择的 proof that you are the owner of the car?你
方法，罗斯蒙特小学的课程证明了这一点。 有证据证明这汽车是属于你的吗？
【用法】该词意为“目击、见证”时，用主动语态，主语 ②校样 Miss Ada has just sent me the proofs
可以是时间、人或物、地点等，如:This old church o/kr new; 6oo/c. 埃达小姐刚把她新书的校样
has witnessed many wedding ceremonies.(这 送给我。
个古老的教堂见证了许多次婚礼。） a. fully or successfully resistant 耐…的 7?祕 sea
wall was not proof against the strength of
accuse /9*kju：z/ the waves.海洗挡不住海浪的力量。
【助记】ac(to)+cuse(诉讼）一►指控
【短语】in proof of"•(为)证明…
vf. to charge formally with a wrongdoing 指控，指
责 The police accused him of murder.警方 bet /bet/
指控他犯了谋杀罪。 v•①打赌 I bet you £15 you won’t chat her
【派生】accusation /i.控告；罪名；遗责 wp.我跟你赌15英镑，你和她肯定搭不上话。
②确信/ can 6故 k come. 我可以肯定
SUSpect /se'spekt/
他是不会来的。
【助记】su(under) +spect(看)— 在私底下偷偷地看一►
/I.① 打 赌 a 6祝赌赢/赌输
怀疑 ②赌金ptace a 6祝下諸注
•134.rob /rob/ a•①核能的 Nuclea7* weapons crre the ultimate
vt. ®to take property from (a person) illegally cteterre^.核武器是终极的威慑力量。
and sometimes by violence or threats 抢劫， ②核心的nuctear/ami/^/核心家庭
盗窃 The tomb had been robbed of its trea-
radiate /reidieit/
swres.这座坟墓里的财宝早已被盗。
【助记】radi(光线)+ate(使)— 使发出光线—发出
② to deprive of sth. needed, deserved, or
V. ®to send out (sth., such as heat or energy) in
significant (-〇/)(非法)剝夺，使丧失 Poor
rays 发出（光或热）77祕 sww rarfia於s awd
has robbed her of a normal social life. 身体
feeat太阳散发光和热。
不好使她无法参与正常的社交活动。
②to show (a feeling or quality) very clearly
【派生】robbery /!•抢夺；剥夺
流露 There was a tenderness that radiated
convict /ken'vikt/ vt. /konvikt/ n. from her that touched and ached me. 她身
【助记】con+vict(征服)—征服罪犯—定罪 上散发出的柔情让我感动，也让我心痛。
vt. to prove (sb.) guilty of a crime in a court of 【派生】radiation n• 放射，辐 射 // radiator n•散热
law证明…有罪，宣判…有 罪 //e欲w ccmwic於d 器;冷却器
o/mwnter.他被判犯有谋杀罪。
radioactive /.reidieuaktiv/
/ i.囚 犯 escaped convicf 逃犯
a. 放射性的 77祕 iri/ixnf /ww fceen eo^posed to
conviction /kenvikjan/ mdteac他;e ray&那个典儿已经暴露于放射线中:
n•① a strong belief or opinion 确倌 / ftare《以 【派生】radioactivity n• 放射性;放射出的能M
conviction that he is right. A 深信他是对的。
emit limit/
② the feeling of being sure that what you
【助记】e(out)+mit(送）►射出
believe or say is true 说明，信服 //er eop/a-
vt. to send (light, energy, etc.) out from a source
nation failed to carry conviction in the
发出，射出 77祕 aZarm emite infrared raj/s
/ace 在事实面前，她的解释没有说
that are used to detect any intruders. 警 4艮
服力。
器发出的红外线能用来发现任何入侵者3
③ 定罪，判罪
【派生】emission /!•发出；放射物
被告被判定有罪使我们吃惊。
catastrophe /ka'taestrefi/
retort /n't〇：t/
【助记】cata(down)+strophe(转)一*•完全颠倒一► 大灾难
【助记】re (bac k) +tort (扭)一►将他人的观点扭转过来一►
w. a terrible disaster 大灾难 77
反驳
quake in 2008 was a catastrophe. 2QQ8 年的
vt. to reply quickly in an angry or humorous way
汶川大地震是一场大灾难。___________________
反驳 “It’s none of your business^、 he retorted.
“你管不着！ ”他反驳道3 【辨析】表示“灾难”的名词
n.反驳 His sharp retort clearly make an im- catastrophe:大灾难（great sudden disaster)
J90^.他的尖锐反驳显然起了作用。 disaster:意义最泛，側重已发生的灾害
misfortune:指并非由于个人过错而引起的不利
refute /n'fjuit/
情况，指事态的逆转或不幸的事故
【助记】re(back)+fute(流动)— 流冋来—驳斥
vt. to prove that a statement or idea is not cor-
rect 驳斥，驳倒 77祕 nwwte 分ood 〇/ /i. ®any deadly infectious disease that kills many
the favorable evidence to refute his court- people '寵疫 Half the population was wiped
仏/park’s 律师充分利用有利证据驳倒 out by plague. &爽夺先了一年尺口的么命
了对手的证词。 ②an uncontrollable and harmful increase in
the numbers of a particular animal or insect
nuclear /njuikiie/
灾难t祸患、 a plague of ?nts/locusts鼠灾/竣交
【助记】nu+clear (清除)— “核能的”威力足以清除地
vt. to cause suffering or hardship for (sb. or sth.)使
球上的所有生物
•135.痛苦plague sb. with用…折磨人// He was took tax money for his oivn use. It was such
plagued to death. asccmda/.总统贪污税款，真可谓是一大丑闻。
他 被 折 磨 得 要 見
② 流言飞语【同gossip】spmxd scanda/散布流
rid /rid/
言飞语
vt. to be free from sth. harmful or unwanted
③ sth. that is very shocking or unacceptable
(〜〇/)使摆脱，从…中清除S/论’s Mciw沒dasses
反感，M 惊 The price of beef these days is an
to rid kerself of her southern accent.为了
於scarwZa//近日的牛肉价格高得简直让
改掉自己的南方口音，她正在上这方面的课。
人不能接受！
【短语】get rid of摆脱，处理禅Kern’d Wd
【派生】scandalous & 丢脸的;含有引起公愤内容的
o/swe/i a t o 心以.你最好改掉那样的坏习惯
【用法】过去式、过去分词rid reputation /.repju'teijan/
【助记】re (again) +put (想）+ ation— 再想一下，“名声”
verdict /v3:dikt/
只是过眼烟云
【助记】ver(真实的）+dict(说)一► 裁定事实一► 裁决
n. the general opinion or judgment of the public
n. ®the decision of the jury after the trial of a
about sb. or sth.名声 Some people regard
case 裁定 The defendant was given the ver
good reputation more important than life.
dict of “not guilty”.
那 名被告被料 无罪 有的人把好名声看得比性命还重要。
d)a judgment or opinion My wife's verdict
【辨析】表示“名声、名誉”的名词
on my cooking was very favorable. A 妻子
fame:名声，特指以能力、业绩而出名
认为我做的饭菜极好
reputation:名誉，指人们的看法、评价，强调某人
rage /reidy 的形象，可好可坏
^----------------------------------------------------------^
w•① violent, explosive anger 狂怒 DonY
you)、 rage on others.不要把你的怒气发泄在 turbulent /t3：bjul8nt/
别人身上。 【助记】turb(扰乱)+ulent—► 混乱的
② 〜 ]风靡一时的事物【同craze】1〇即/wih， a. ① characterized by disorder, confusion, or
is ail the rage now .现今H兴长 unrest动荡的，混乱的77iere对似eris/
v i.① to move with great violence or intensity lentf revolutionary undercurrents in this
(风）狂吹 The storm raged all day.暴队雨整 冰2/ 在这个表面上和平
曰肆虐不止。 的世界里，骚乱与动荡的潜流依然存在。
②to speak or act in violent anger 发怒 Fbw ②moving rapidly or violently 汹涌的 77紹 sea is
are not yourself when you rage like that. too加rfei/ienf/or sa以in认海浪太大，不宜航行
你那样大发雷霆有点失常.， 【派生】turbulence w• 动荡，骚乱；猛烈的水气流
专四真题 tragedy Araed idi/
3
Of all the moods that people want to /i.①a very bad event that causes great sad-
escape, rage seems to be the hardest to ness and often involves death 灾难
deal with. invasion of Poland led to the tragedy of the
译文：在所有人们想摆脱的心情中，愤怒似乎是 Second WbrW 希特勒入侵波兰，导致了第
最难处理的。 二次世界大战的悲剧。
②悲啟 Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s best
rum〇(u)r /ru:ma/ /cnowm £ra供办從• 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚最著
n. a piece of unverified information of uncertain 名的悲剧作品之一。
origin 瑶言 The rumour is beyond belief. & 【派生】tragic a• 悲惨的；悲剧的
谣言不可信3
vulnerable /VAinarsbi/
scandal /skaendal/ a. ①easily hurt or harmed physically, mentally,
n. ① behavior or events that are considered to or emotionally易受
be immoral or shocking i H The Resident aWe iw Ms 阿基里斯只有脚后跟会
•136.受伤害。 dim /dim/
②open to attack, harm, or damage 易受攻击 a . ①昏暗的，暗淡的【反bright】 in dim
的 Your arguments are vulrwrable to crUi- light does harm to the eyes.在昏暗的先戌T
cism .你的论点不堪一击// a position vul- 看书对眼睛有害。
to 易受攻击的位置 ② 朦 跋 的 ，隐 约 的 77於 d i m ⑽ 沿 從 〇/ a
building loomed up out of the mist•—梭連
interpret /int3:prit/
筑物朦胧的轮廓在雾霭中隐现出来。
【助记】丨1^1*(匕€^661〇+卩阳饩传播）一>解释
③ （视力等）模糊不清的Jscrac and Ms
vi. D 译 To interpret at the UN is a difficult
印 從 dim. 艾萨克老了眼睛花
在联合国做口译是件难度很大的差事
④ (记忆等）不清晰的，模 糊 的 reeoitecZior?/
vt. to explain the meaning of 解释 //e in於
aimrewess模糊的记忆/意识
ed a difficult, passage in a book.他解释了
⑤ （未来成功的机会）暗淡的/Vospecte /or an
书中一段难懂的文字。
early settlement of the dispute are dim. 争
【派生】interpreter W•解释者；口译者 // interpreta
端得到早日解决的希望非常渺茫。
tion it• 涂释； 口译
v•(使）暗淡，（使）变模糊77⑷你fete m 执心
version /V 3:卜 n/ atre 6印an to dim.戏院里的灯光开始暗下来。
【助记】vers(转）+ion—►从原文转化而来一► 译本 // The boss's words dimmed my hope of a
w• ①版本，译 本 rersiow节（略 ）本 // 老板的一席话洗灭了我升迁的希
original version 啄板 望。
© a description or account from one point of
skeptical/sceptical /skeptikai/
view, esp. as opposed to another 说法 77^
a. having or expressing doubt about sth.表示怀
two witnesses gave contradictory versions
疑的 Many Americans took skeptical atti
of what had happened that night.两位证九
tude toward the rationality of American
对那天晚上发生的事情说法不一。
切ar on /m分.许多美国人对美国攻打伊拉克的
ambiguous /sem'bigjuas/ 合理性持怀疑态度。
【助记】ambi(两）+guous—模棱两可的 【派生】scepticism «•怀疑态度，怀疑主义
a. open to more than one interpretation 模棱两
ambition /aem'bijan/
可的 Don’t try to fool me and give me an
【助记】发音：“俺必胜”―很有“野心”的宣告
别用模棱两可的答案来骗我
n. ®an eager or strong desire to achieve sth.
【派生】ambiguity /!• 模棱两可，含糊
抱负 A good soldier should have the ambi
obscure /eb'skjua/ tion to become a general. —个好的士兵良有
【助记】ob(离开）+scure(跑)— 离题一► 费解的 想当将军的抱负。
a. ①not well-known不著名的，不重要的an 〇卜 ②the object or goal desired企望得到的东西，
scure poet 元 Z 诗尺 追求的目标A/沒a m W 以on is to a
©difficult to understand费解的，模糊不清的 我的志向是当一名飞行员,；）
obscvre legal phrases f 解■的法律词语 【派生】ambitious a•有抱负的；有野心的
vt. to make (sth.) difficult to understand or know
notorious /nau'toirias/
模糊，掩盖 Recent successes obscured the
a. known widely and usu. unfavorably; infamous
fact that the company is still in trouble, ii
莫名昭著的 English soccer fans are notori
来的一些成功使人看不清公司依然处于困境，
ous for their craziness and barbarism. 英
【辨析】表示“含糊”的形容词 国球迷因他们的疯狂和野蛮而臭名昭著。
ambiguous:强调意义的含混引起的歧义
vague:指表达不清或不明确 aggressive /agresiv/
obscure:强调“晦涩，难解” 【助记】ag(to) +gress(行走）+ive— — 直走一►侵略的
cr.①always ready to quarrel or attack 侵略的，
•137*挑 衅 的 ^4仰⑽ ssive 执作〇(伽 w;orZd complicate /kompiikeit/
peace.馒略成性的国家成胁世界和平。 【助记】com(共同）+plic^®)+ate—► 变复杂
② very determined to succeed or get what vt. ® to make a problem or situation more
you want 有进取心的4 51似^55/|^61^71從5- difficult ffi fi -ft These events will greatly
man has to be aggressive. A 功的企生家必须 compZicatesiiwation. 这些事将使局势变
有一股冲劲。 得极为复杂。
【派生】aggression汉侵略，侵犯// aggressor w•侵 ②使(疾病)恶化 a Mait conrfi你n
略者 ed by pneumonia因肺炎发作而恶化的心脏病
v i,变复杂 The problems grew，multiplied， and
enthusiastic /in.ejuizi'aestik/
ccmipiicated beycmd aW reason.这些问题发展
【助记】en(in)+thusiast(神）+ic— 被神鼓舞着—满
了，增多了，而且复杂化了，简直不可思议。
腔热情的
【派生】complicated a. 复杂的
a. having or showing intense and eager enjoy
ment, interest, or approval 满腔 热 情 的 ，极感 Complex /kompleks/
兴龜的 The retired workers are very enthu 【助记】com(共同）+plex(重叠)一► 复杂的
siastic about community affairs. 退休工人 仏①复合的cowipteo: sen於nces复合句
对社区工作非常热心。 ©consisting of many different parts and often
【派生】enthusiasm n•热情，热诚 // enthusiast /!• difficult to understand 复杂的【同 complicated】
热心者 There is a complex network of roads round
这座城市周围有一个复杂的道路网。
confuse /kan'fjuiz/
n•①综合体 They are building a vast new
【助记】con(— 起)+fuse(流)一► 流到一起一► 混淆
shopping complex in the town.他们正在市
v/.①to make sb. unable to think dearly 使困惑
区新建一处大型综合购物楼群。
Don't give me so much information—you're
② an emotional problem that causes sb. to
胃/别告诉我这么多----你把我弄
think or worry too much about sth.情结，夸大
糊涂了！
的情绪反应 You’ll give Graham a complex
@to mistake (one person or thing) for anoth-
if you keep going on about how fat he is.
er 混淆汾wctente o/ten con介se cmd/
如果你老是对格雷厄姆说他有多胖，就会惹得他
执 4从s£ra/ia.学生们常把奥地利和澳大利亚
心绪不宁。 compter自卑情结
弄混淆。
【派生】complexity /!• 复杂性；错综复杂的事物
③ 混乱，搞 乱 acccmrite搞乱账目
【派生】confusion /I•混乱，骚乱 intricate Antrikit/
------ — ------------ a. containing many small parts or details that
【一言辨异】confuse，puzzle
all work or fit together 错综复杂的 /似淡
I often confuse you and your brother. I
machine is an intricate arrangement of
saw him puzzle over a math problem just
机器里面是错综复杂地连接在一起的电线
ncrn;.我常把你和你哥哥弄混了。我看见他刚刚
正在苦心思索一道数学题。 arbitrary /aibitrsn/
注意：confuse指混淆而迷惑；puzzle着重指使人 a•① decided by chance rather than a plan 随意
难以理解:， 的 My choice was quite arbitrary.我的选择
---------—-------------------- --------------------4
相当随意。
perplex /pepleks/
②专断的 ZWdators are •独
【助记】per (thoroughly)+ plex (重叠）一► 重重释務一► 裁者即独断专横的统治者。
使困惑
vf. to confuse with uncertainty or doubt 使困惑 tissue /'tiju ：/
Modem men are often perplexed by what to n. ① 组 织 s/cm 皮肤组织
do.现代人常常感到非常困惑，不知如何是好 ②薄 纱 ，薄纸 //e 6〇仰/^ a 6oa: 〇/
•138-coW.他感冒了，就买了一盒纸巾备用。 sp從ds. — 级方程式赛车能以惊人的速度行驶。
【派生】incredibly似/•异乎寻常地；难以置信地
fashion /'faejan/
【助记】fashion show (时装 专四真题
秀） In order to prevent the quite incredible
n .①方式 behave in a
growth in shop-lifting offences, some stores,
strange fashion 表现不 in fact, are doing their best to separate the
正常
thieves from the confused by prohibiting
© 流行款式Lo/ig
customers from taking bags into the store.
have come into fash 译文：为了防止入店行窃事件的快速增加，实际
ion again. Faded jeans 上一些商店正在通过禁止顾客携袋入店来尽力
are still in fashion， 区分小偷和犯迷糊的人。
too.长裙子又流行起来。
泛白的牛仔裤也还很流行。 credible /kredibi/
【派生】fashionable a• 时 尚的 // old-fashioned a. 【助记】cred(相信)+ible(可…的)—可信的
过时的；守旧的 a. capable of being believed; believable or
plausible可信的，可靠的 Is there a credible
current /'kArant/
alternative to tke nuclear deterrent? 除了枝
【助记】curr(流）+ent—►正流行的—潮流
威慑力量，还有另一种可靠的成慑力量吗？
a•① belonging to the present time 当前的 cimmZ
时事 fragile /*fraed3ail/
②prevalent, esp. at the present time 流行的 【助记】frag(破裂)+ile(易…的)一► 易碎的
Every language has words that are no longer a. ①easily broken, damaged, or destroyed 易碎
每种语言都有现已不通用的词汇。 的 These thin glass wares are fragile. Put
n. ①潮流 Newspapers influence the current of in ⑽dew &〇〇;你.这些很薄的玻璃器皿
执 报 纸 影 响 思 想 潮 流 易碎。把它们放进木箱子里吧。
② 电流 an aUemating/a direct current 交流 ② lacking physical or emotional strength;
电/直流电 delicate虚弱的S/祕 too/cs /ragite. 她看上去很
③ 趋势 go with/against the current of the 脆弱。
《imes顺应/违反时势
subtle /sAti/
【派生】currently似/•现在，目前
【助记】sub(beneath)+tle~^暗藏于下面不易被察觉的—
internal /in't3：n3i/
隐约的
【助记】inter (among )+nal—^内心的 a. (Dhard to notice or see; not obvious 微妙的，
a. ①内部的 A tfieory has its interned logic.每 难以捉摸的/fe ⑹ feos imrfer-
种理论都有其内在逻辑性。 gone a subtle change.他的整个态度已经有了
② 国内的【同domestic】 mMrrni/ elixirs国内事 微妙的变化。
务 ② clever, esp. in order to deceive people 诡
③ 内心的 He still has some internal doubts. 秘的，狡猾的a swbfe ptow.狡猜的计划
他内心尚有疑虑。 ③ clever and indirect; not showing your real
purpose 隐约的，隐晦的 is a /1句/1 cmd
incredible /inkredabi/
5W&价 art.讽刺是一门崇高而又含蓄的艺术。
【助记】in (not)+cred (相信)+ible (可…的)一► 难以置
【派生】subtly似/•微细地；精巧地；敏感地
信的
a. ①unbelievable 不可信的 77祀 p⑹ boo/c feeble /fi：bi/
is iizcrediWe这本书的情节叫人难以相信。 a .① lacking bodily strength; weak 虚弱的 One
②astonishing, extraordinary, or extreme 难以 will feel feeble wken ke is iU.人 i■病的时候
置信的 FI racers can mn at incredible 会感到虚弱。
•139②failing to convince 无效的 a 对于哈姆雷特来说，“是活下去，还是选择死
站不住脚的理由 亡”是一个重大的决定
【派生】fatalism /!•宿命论
crisp /knsp/
【派生】象声N :像吃鹄片的声音— 脆的 tentative /tentativ/
a. ① dry，hard, and easily broken 脆的 Sate 【助记】tent(试验）+ative— 试验的
until the pastry is golden and crisp.把油蛛 a. done, said, etc. to test sth.; not definite
糕点烤至金黄酥脆。 (性）的，试验的 ffissin供r’s/irs/, to C%i-
② clean, smooth, and somewhat stiff 挺括的 na a 從 oiie.基辛格对中国的第一
a crisp dollar bill —张挺括的羑钞 次访问是试探性的。
③ pleasantly cool, fresh, and dry 清新的 a.
alter /〇：ita/
cr^isp autumn day清良的秋包
v. to change or maked ifferent; modify Vi
④ 简明扼要的// iras cr re/%.这个答复
vian Chow's face hasn't altered, much over
干脆利落。
执衫2/ears.过了这么多年，周慧敏的容貌并没有
;i. Ip/.丨油炸土豆片crisp potato chips松晚土立片
多欠改交、 // I want to alter the shirt; it’s
bind /baind/ Zoo 我想把这件衬衫改一改，它太大了
vt. ®to tie or wrap (sth.) with rope, string, etc. 【派生】alteration /I•改变，变更
抱绑 The hostage was bound hand and foot.
【辨析】表示“改变”的动词
人质的手脚都被捆住了.
alter:部分地改变，不失去本性
② to cause to stick together in a mass 使结
change:本质地变化，甚至失去本性，或一种东西
合 t使黏合 The flour mixture isn’t wet e-
替换了另一种东西
wcm分ft fo ftind prop的勿. 面粉梭糊加水不够，所
vary:由更替、多样性或生长的变化而引起的一
以不黏。
个或一连串变化
^ ■ - ■ ------------------------------------------^
③ to reduce sb.’s freedom of action 约束 Swcfc
a slogan will bind our hand and foot.这个 alternate /o：rt3：nit/ a. /biltaneit/ v.
口号会约夂我们的手脚 【助记】alter(改变）+nate—交替的
④ 装订//e & Wwding a wew; 6oo/c. 他正在装 a. ①happening or following one after the other
订一本新书。 regularly 交替的，轮流的 必 seasons 〇/
【用法】过去式、过去分同bound the year 四年 l 替 // There is a pattern of al
【派生】binder n•装订机；活页封面// binding /!• ternate circles and squares on the dress. 裙
书籍的封皮 子上有圆形与方形相间的图案。
②间隔的//e •他隔天工
trivial /trivial/
作。// cr//^ma 仏 Zines 隔行
a. of little significance or value 琐碎的，不重要的
v•(使）轮流M 的Y arid •昼夜交替
Never put the trivial above the important
// We tr^ied to alternate periods of work
m an^//力心吵无论做任何事情切不可本
执 ste印.我们尽量让工作与睡眠交替进行
末倒置—
【词源】源自拉丁语trivium，意为“三条路交叉的 alternative /〇：rt3：nativ/
路口” 古罗马妇女从市场回家的路上，喜欢停在： a. ①offering or expressing a choice 供选择的
交叉路口与人闲聊，内容自然是些无关紧要或琐 Have you got an alternative suggestion? 你
碎的事情因此trivial表示“琐屑的，不重要的”，： 有没有其他的建议可供选择？
②not usual or traditional 另类的 a/Ze/7wi-
fatal tive lifestyle 另 $：的竺活方 1
a. ①causing or capable of causing death 致命 w.抉择；选择的自由如挪no to
的 a /ato/ 致命伤 do 除 了…别无选择 // We feave no a/Zer-
②of decisive importance 重大的 “7b or rnirt從 m W ⑽•.在这件事上，我们没有选
not to be” was the fatal decision for Ham- 择的余地。
•140.differ AJifa/ 为保证未来木材的供应，我们必须保护森林
v/•① to be different 不同 ^4 d切fers /rom J5 m... 【派生】conservation «•保存，保护
A 和 B 在…方面不相同// e/c^m^se
conservative /k9ns3:vativ/
greatly from French in pronunciation. 日语
a. ©favoring traditional views and values; tend-
发音和法语大不相同。
ing to oppose change 保守的 OW are
②to have opinions that don’t agree 发生分歧
usually more conservative than young peo-
People differ in their views on the same
pte.老年人通常比年轻人更保守。
thing or person• 見仁見智。
②traditional in taste, style, or manners 不时
专四真题
新的a —套老式衣服
This suggests that texting allowed texters w.保守的人a compter co似 —个完全保
to present a self-image that differed from 守的人
the one familiar to those who knew them 【派生】conservatism n•保守；保守主义
well.
consume /kan'sjuim/
译文：这表明这些短信允许发信者展现一个与人
【助记】con(完全）+sume(取)— 把钱全部取出来“花
们所熟知的不同的自我形象
费，’
disobey /.disa'bei/ vA ①to expend; use up 消耗，花费 77紀 carom-
swmes a 〇/ 众aso/ine.这辆车很耗油
v. to refuse or fail to follow an order or rule 不
② to eat or drink up吃（完），喝(光）77祕冰仏
服从，违抗【反obey】 So他ers mws/ dis-
dren consumed all the hamburgers.孩子们
obey.写 k 要 < 迟•氤〜命令， // She disobeyed
把所有汉堡包都吃完了。
her mother and went to the party.地不听母
③ to take a person’s attention, energy, time
亲的劝告，去参加了那次聚会D
(〜w/Z/i) 使着迷，充满 //e 执
【派生】disobedience /!•不服从，违抗
殳 q/ter aedde/^.那次事故以后他深感
obedient /a'bi: diant/ 内疚。
cr. willing to obey 服从的，顺从的 A) all parents ④ to destroy totally 毁灭 77紹 /ire socm ccm-
like obedient and well-behaved children? 所 sumed the wooden buildings.大火很快就把
有父母都喜欢顺从和循规蹈矩的孩子吗？ 那些木制建筑物烧毁了，
【派生】obedience w•服从，顺从 【派生】consumer ；!•消费者 // consumption w•消
耗M ;消耗
imperative /im'perativ/
【助记】imper(命令)+ative— 命令的 subordinate /sab〇：dinat/
a, ①necessary or urgent 必要的介 is impmr- 【助记】sub(underH〇rdin(顺序)+ate~>顺序在下的—
tive that we make a quick decision.我们有 下级的
必要尽快做出决定。 a. ①belonging to a lower class or rank 下级的
②expressing a command or plea 命令的 aw a subordinate officer T 敗军1t
命令式的语调 ②of less importance (〜/〇)次要的 A/Hto 〇认-
w.① 必要的事 cmiKow /wis an 7m- er issues are suboixlincUe to this one.这个
pem奶;e/or 创造就业机会是 问题是最主要的问题。
政府必须做的事 vt 使从属于 We should subordinate 0U7，per
② 祈 使 语 气 sew於nee祈使句 sonal interests to those of the collective. 我
们应该让个人利益服从集体利益
conserve /k9ns3：v/
/!.下级，部属
【助记】con(共同）+serve(保存)—保护
【派生】subordination/t下属;隶属；(语法)主从关系
vt. to protect from loss or harm; preserve 保护，
We must conserve our forests if we crucial ，kru:Jal/
are to make sure of a future supply of wood. 【助记】cruc(十字形）+丨81—H •字路口— 至关重要的
•141 •a. extremely significant or important 至关重要的 He gained admission into the association.
Choosing a right location is crucial to open- 他获准加入这个协会。
in分a store.选准位置对开店是至关重要的 ② an entrance fee 入场费 admissior? /ree 不
收门票
专四真题
③ a statement acknowledging the truth of
Unfortunately, Windows had been in the
sth.承认 The Senator’s admission that he
midst of a delicate and crucial undertaking.
had lied to the Congress shocked many
译文：不巧的是，Windows系统正运行到一个关
Americcms.这位参议员承认向国会说了谎，令
键时刻。
许多美国人深感震惊。
satisfactory /.ssetis'faektari/
【归类卡片】标志牌
a•令人满意的 The result of the experiment was
No Admittance (except on business)闲人免
satisfactory.实验结象令& 满意。
进
【派生】satisfied 〇•满意的，满足的// dissatisfy v•使
No Admittance禁止入内
不满意 // dissatisfaction w.不满意
Admittance of Staff Members Only 限员工入
distaste /.disteist/ ：内
Admission Free免费入场
/i.不喜欢，厌恶【同dislike】S/祕too/ced加
clothes with distaste.地厌恶地看着他楹搂的衣
dismay /dis’mei/
衫。
【助记】dis(not)+may(可能)— 不可能做到，所以“失
【短语】have a distaste for反感，厌恶
望”
approve /a'pru：v/ n .①失望to one’s dismay使臬九失望的是
【助记】ap(to)+prove(证明）—批准 ②惊恐 “Someone stolen my house! ” she
vt. ®to think that sb. or sth. is good, right or suit- said in dismay/. “我们家被偷了！”她惊恐地说。
ab\e 赞成 The teacher looked at John’s work vt. to cause (sb.) to feel very worried, disappoint-
and a仍认老师看了约翰的作业表示赞许。
ed, or upset 使失望;使惊恐 76ers
②to officially accept a plan, proposal etc.批
felt dismayed at being defeated for the
准 China will approve more f〇7，eign insur-
认i r d i n erne 费城76人队对于
ers 從ZZ poZicies in C%ina. 中国将批准更
本队一个月之内第三次被击敗沮丧不已。//阶
多外资保险公司在中国销售保单。
were dismayed at the cost of the repairs.
W•(〜〇/)赞成【反 disapprove】77
我们对修理费用感到惊愕。
n’t approve of the decision•娄贲会不赞成这
个决定。 apparent /apaerant/
【派生】approval /!•赞成；批准 // disapproval /!• a, ①readily seen; visible 显然的 K 从肪 appar
否决 el to or// 他的罪 恶众所
周知。
consent /kansent/
②appearing as such but not necessarily so;
【助记】con(共同Hsent(感觉)一► 同意
seeming 表 面上的 For a// /?is a仍
w.同意SiZe/ice mea似 cons^n/.沉默就是默许
wealthy he had no money to pay the rent.
vi. to give agreement or permission^ ) 同意 VWiaY
表面上看他很富有，事实上他付不起租金。
will you do if your parents don't consent
【派生】apparently 显然，明显地
to 2/⑽r 如果你父母不同意你的婚
事，你会怎么办？
transparent /traens'paerant/
【短语】by common consent经一致同意
【助记】trans (through) +par (出现）+ent—► 穿过去还
admission /9d'mi/ an/ 能看见的—透明的
【助记】ad(t〇Hmiss(送）+ion—允许进人 ①able to be seen through 透明的 77紹认
/，.①the act of admitting or allowing to enter 准 shirt is transparent in the sunlight.那件薄
衬衣在阳光下是透明的
许进X admission to university k 学入学 //
•142.②obvious 明显的 77祕 〇/ 冰is pos- (Da reason for thinking, deciding, or doing sth.
sage seems quite transparent.达一段话的意 (正当）理由 Kcm ftorf no imrmr^/or ctoin分执at
思看来是相当清楚的、 你那样做毫无道理。
【派生】transparency //• 透 明 ，透明物 vt. to provide adequate grounds for; justify 证明
…是正当的 77祕 仪/ so /ar
doze /dauz/
does not xcairant the conclusion that the
vi. to sleep lightly esp. for a short period of
driver w;似 n印 到 目 前 为 止 得 到 的 证 据
time 睦睡 //e gwie% te// mo/fter dozily
尚不足以得出那个司机因疏忽而出事的结论
6?/执e/ire.他悄悄离开了在火炉旁昏昏欲睡的
母亲。 abrupt /abrApt/
/!.瞌睡/ feod a doze c m 心 train. 我在火车上 【助记】ab(away)+mpt(打破)— 突然的
打了个盹儿。
a. ①unexpectedly sudden 意外的 a代
【短语】doze off打盹儿 c/wm沒從. 天有不测风云。
② 鲁赛的 That young man has an abrupt
snore /sn〇：/
manner.那个年轻人态度很无礼。
V/.打軒，打 呼 嚕 Fow keep me awake all night
【派生】abruptly flrf•突然；粗暴地
with your snoring• 你一芄在打軒、让我整夜都
无法入睡。 render /Venda/
n• 打tf，发軒声 His sno?，es woke me up.他的軒
v/•① to cause to become; make % Fatness
声吵醒了我。
renders a persem 身体肥胖使人笨拙a
@to give or make available; provide 给予呢
cosy/cozy /'ksuzi/
are ready to render them assistance.表们來
a .①small, comfortable, and warm 舒适的 a co之
意给予援助。
ZiWte /low從温暖而舒适的小房子
③t o translate 翻译 7Ms 切nee cannot
②friendly and pleasant亲切友好的77说/ir肌
rendered这个句子不能直译：
has a cozy relationship with the Ministry
o/Z)e/ewce.这家公司与国防部关系默契 专四真题
sole /saui/ When your services are rendered at 4 a.m.,
you can’t simply hang around, like a hotel
a. ①being the only one 单独的， 唯一的 77咖 is
bellboy expecting a tip.
the sole means of access to the building. 这
是这栋建筑物唯一的入口。 译文：如果你是在凌晨4 点提供服务的，那么，想
(Dot or relating to only one individual or group; 要得到小费，你就没办法像酒店服务生那样有意
exclusive ^ W We have the sole right to 围着你的服务对象转悠。
仇 我 们 独 享 此 项 专 利 权
sophisticated /sa'fistikeitid/
n.脚底 The soles of my boots needed repair-
【助记】sophist (诡辩家）+ icated— 诡辩家都是“老于
我那双软子的底该补了
【派生】solely (w/• 唯一地，单独地 世故的”
a .①老于世故的，精通的a 如/ person
erase A'reiz/
一个老于世故的人
【助记】e(out)+rase(擦)—擦掉
② very complex or complicated 复杂的 The
v/. to remove all traces of sth.擦掉，清除 77祕
inner system of a spaceship is rather so-
computer crashed， and all our records were
宇宙飞船的内部系统相当复杂
电脑死机了，我们所有的记录都清除了。
③高 雅的77紹/asfeion ma分ahn從 s/iow;切/2如
【派生】eraser /!•擦除器，消磁器
the sophisticated woman is wearing this
warrant /worant/ year.时装杂志展示品味高雅的女性今年都穿什
n. ® a document issued by a court that gives 么时装c
the police the power to do sth. 授权令 【派生】sophisticate /!•老于世故的人
search/death warrant.搜查证/死刑执行令
•143.strategy /strsetid3i/ /i. 外交官
n .战略，策略 Afao Zedong was a great strategist
upgrade /Apgreid/
skilled in military strategy. 、先一佐各
【助记】up(向上）+grade(等级）一►升级
于制定军事策略的伟大的军事战略家
V/. to raise to a higher grade or standard 提升，
【派生】 strategic a•关 键的；战略（上）的 // strate
使升级 Israel makes eveiy means to up-
gist «. 战略家 ，兵法家
f c wte 從.以色列千方百计
tactic /'taektik/ 地提升其军事防务水平。
Ip丨.]①战术，兵法 The coach was criticized for n .向 i 的斜坡 Soon the truc/c come into sight
/咖 n印cr/ire topics. 教练由于战术消极而受到 around a bend and on an upgrade.不一会
了批评。 卡车就出现在一个拐弯和上坡处
② 策 略 todies拖延策略
Option /'npj^n/
【派生】tacticaU•战术上的，兵法上的;善于筹划的
【助记】opt(选择>+ion—♦•选择
diplomatic /.diple'msetik/ /!•① the act of choosing choice 选 择 ；选择权
【助记】di(二Hplomat(折脅，重）+ic—► 双重手段的— Sometimes， too many options are no better
外交的 f/wm wo 有时候，选择太多跟没有选择一
a.①外交的 The two countries established diplo- 样糟糕。
malic /as/ 2/ear. 两国去年建立了外 ② (供)选择的事物(或人）/fe’s f/S
交关系。 is putting too much emphasis on the military
②有策略的，（言行）得 体 的 7^<〇 ^也 #〇 - o辦ion.他争论说美国过于着重军事这个选项。
matic when you refuse her invitation.你拒 ③ 选修课 There are many options in our
绝她的邀请时，尽可能婉转些 我们大学里有许多选修课。
【派生】 diplomacy "• 外交（手腕），策 略 // diplomat 【派生】optional a•非强制的,可任意选择的
•144.典型考题精练
1. The shop assistant was dismissed as she was _______ of cheating customers.
A. accused B. charged C. scolded D. cursed
2. Their claims to damages have not been convincingly _______•
A. refuted B. depressed C. overwhelmed D. intimidated
3. Rumours are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations
into _______ ones.
A. turbulent B. tragic C. vulnerable D. suspicious
4. Some researchers feel that certain people have nervous systems particularly to hot, dry
winds. They are what \Ve call weather-sensitive people.
A. subjective B. subordinate C. liable D. vulnerable
5. The meaning of the sentence is _______; you can interpret it in several ways.
A. skeptical B. intelligible C. ambiguous D. exclusive
6. Very few people could understand his lecture because the subject was very
A. faint B. obscure C. gloomy D. indefinite
7. Often such arguments have the effect o f_______ rather than clarifying the issues involved.
A. obscuring B. prejudicing C. tackling D. blocking
8. “This light is too _______ for me to read by. Don’t we have a brighter bulb some where?” said
the elderly man.
A. mild B. dim C. minute D. slight
9. Many scientists remain about the value of this research program.
A. skeptical B. stationary C. spacious D. specific
10. Their diplomatic principles completely laid bare tlieir for world conquest.
A. admiration B. ambition C. administration D. orientation
11. That part of the city has long been _______ for its street violence.
A. historical B. responsible C. illegal D. notorious
12. I was so _______ in today’s history lesson. I didn’t understand a thing.
A. amazed B. neglected C. confused D. amused
13. Although the body is made up of many different tissues, these tissues are arranged in an _______
and orderly fashion.
A. intricate B. initial C. internal D. incredible
14. The results are hardly _______; he cannot believe they are accurate.
A. credible B. contrary C. critical D. crucial
15. The glass vessels should be handled most carefully since they are _______.
A. intricate B. fragile C. subtle D. crisp
16. The ties that bind us together in common activity are so that they can disappear at any
moment.
A. trivial B. fatal C. tentative D. feeble
17. The reason why so many children like to eat this new brand of biscuit is that it is particularly
sweet and _______•
A. fragile B. feeble C. brisk D. crisp
18. Don’t let such a _______ matter as this come between us so that we can concentrate on the
m^jor issue.
A. trivial B. partial C. slight D. minimal
•145.19. Professor Smith and Professor Brown will _______ in presenting the series of lectures on
American literature.
A. alter B. alternate C. substitute D. exchange
20. Students are expected to be quiet and _______ in an Asian classroom.
A. obedient B. overwhelming C. skeptical D. subsidiary
21. Military orders are and cannot be disobeyed.
A. defective B. conservative C. alternative D. imperative
22. To _______ is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves er\joy in such good condition that
others may also share the eryoyment.
A. conserve B. conceive C. convert D. contrive
23. Just because Fm _______ to him, my boss tliinks he can order me around without showing me
any respect.
A. redundant B. trivial C. versatile D. subordinate
24. Improved consumer confidence is to an economic recovery.
A. subordinate B. cumulative C. crucial D. satisfactory
25. The customer expressed her for that broad hat.
A. disapproval B. distaste C. dissatisfaction D. dismay
答案与译文
1. [A]这位店员被辞退了，因为她被控欺骗顾客
2. [A]他们要求赔偿损失的请求还没有令人信服地被驳倒。
3. [A]流言无处不在，它散布恐怖，毀坏名誉，把平静的局面搅得一团糟。
4. [D]有些研究人员认为某些人的神经系统特别易受干燥的热风影响他们就是我们所称的天气敏感
性人群。
5. [C]这个句子的意思模棱两可，你可以用几种方式理解它。
6. [B]因为主题过于晦涩，很少有人能够理解他的演讲
7. [A]通常这样的争论不仅不能将所涉及妁问题弄清楚，反而会使问题更难解决。
8. [B]老人说：“这盏灯太暗了，我看不清书上的字。 难道我们就找不到一只亮一点的灯泡了吗？”
9. [A]许多科学家仍怀疑该研究计划的价值
10. [B】他们的外交方针充分暴露了他们要征服世界的野心.，
11. [D]长久以来，这个城市的那个地区因街头暴力而臭名远扬
12. [C]今天的历史课我听得稀里糊涂的，一点也没听懂
13. [A]尽管身体是由许多不同的器官组成，但这些器官却组合得复杂而有序。
14. [A]这些结果很难让人相信，他认为它们是不准确的
15. [B】玻璃器皿必须非常小心轻放，因为它们易碎。
16. [D]在共同活动中将我们维系在一起的纽带非常脆弱，随时都可能消逝3
17. [D]那么多孩子喜欢吃这种新牌子的饼干是因为它特甜特脆。
18. 【A ] 不能让这琐碎的事情妨碍我们，这样我们才能将精力集中在主要的事情上。
19. [B】史密斯和布朗教授将轮流进行美国文学系列讲座。
20. [A]亚洲的学校要求学生在课堂里安静、听话：
21. [D]军事命令是必须执.行的，不能不遵守。
22. [A]保存即保留并爱护，将我们喜爱的东西保存好，以便别人也能分享我们的快乐。
23. [D]正因为我是他下属，老板就认为他可以不尊重我，随意使唤我
24. [C]增强消费者的信心是经济复苏的关键
25. [B]这位顾客表示她不喜欢那顶宽边帽
•146-专®
常考词汇 _____
cmmm f f l
一
单词预习+返记
□influence □extinguish □collection □scatter □certificate □stuff
□affect □deliberate □collective □conceal □obtain □trash
□reconcile □virtually □connection/-exion □sorrow □grasp □junk
□inferior □literal □combine □beneath □authority □cycle
□superior □literacy □coincide □retain □authorize/-ise □recycle
□highlight □literary □incidence □conceive □enforce □peel
□relationship □appropriate □stumble □conception □somewhat □hint
□relate □inherent □tumble □concept □legal □clue
□establish □vital □junction □ponder □legislation □embarrass
□passive □identical □bump □reckon □legitimate □flush
□persuasion □identify □bounce □speculate □abuse □blush
□caution □identity □crash □anticipate □deceive □breach
□precaution □collide □smash □foresee □corrupt □encounter
□optimistic □collaborate □crush □fulfilG) □corrode □endow
□pessimistic □publish □explode □fabricate □spot □talent
□passion □pamphlet □outbreak □diploma □stain □faculty
influence /infiuans/ city dwellers a great deal•这项经济改车对乡
n, ①the power to change or affect sb. or sth.影 村居民影响不大，但是对城市居民影响很大。
V ■ —— - …… - ■ 』
响 ，影 响 力 ⑼^ W
reconcile /Vekansail/
shaping of one's characteristics.家庭的影响
【助记】re(again)+concile(使和谐)—使协凋
对于塑造一个人的性格起主要作用。
vt. ®to find a way of making (two different ideas,
② 产 生 影 响 力 的 人 Swscm’s mo你er said /
facts, etc.) exist or be true at the same time
was a good influence on her daughter.苏珊
使协调 It was hard to reconcile his career
的妈妈说我对她女儿有良好的影响。
ambitions with the needs of his children.
©power to affect based on prestige, wealth,
他很难兼顾事业上的抱负和孩子们的需要。
status etc.势力 //& 加
©to make people become friends again after
vi/ta供. 他的势力扩展到邻村c
an argument or a disagreement 使和解 The
v/• 彩响【同 affect】 DonY tef 騰 ^/owr cte-
couple were finally reconciled when the
cision.不要让我影响你的决定。
apofo^^ed.丈夫道歉后这对夫妇终于
【派生】influential 〇•有影响力的;有权势的
言归于好。
affect /e'fekt/ @to cause sb. to accept sth. unpleasant (-/〇)
vr. to produce an effect on sb. or sth•影响 77论
使顺从(于）ft se?;eraZ 2/ears办 咖 作 以 以
slight change of weather can affect her reconcile himself to the loss of his w ife.几
汍她体质弱，天气稍有变化就受到影响。 年之后他才接受丧妻的事实。
【派生】unaffected • 不受影响的；不矫揉造作的
inferior /m'fiena/
【一言辨异】effect，affect
a. ①low or lower in quality，value, skill, etc. 劣
This economic reform didn’t have much
等的 No inferior products should be allowed
effect on the country people， but affected
to pass.决不允许放过任何次品。
•147②lower in rank 下级的 an in/erior ccmrZ 〇/ 2/o⑽.career众ocr/s? 这份工作同你的事业目标有何
如奶初级法院 关系？
//. TSi The manager is friendly with his in- ②适应 relate to one’s environment 适啟环境
/en:ors. 经理对下属很友善 vl to give an account of; narrate In the
【用法】inferior _ to搭 配 ，意 为 worse than; courts a nnlness must honestly relate ichat
inferior本身含有比较的意义，没有比较级 以 /wis從en.法庭上，目击者必须如实讲述所目
睹的一切。
superior /su:pi ri /
0 0
【助记】super(above)+ior(比较级同尾）—•上级的 establish /istsebiij/
a. ① higher than another in rank, station, or 【助记】e+stabl(稳定的）+ish(使）— 要稳定就得“建
authority 上级的，较高的 a superior cowrZ 上 立”根基
级法院 vL ①建立 Diplomatic ties between Chiria and
② better, more powerful, more effective, etc. the US were established in 1979.中舀和失
than a similar person or thing 卜/〇}较好的; 国在1979年建立了外交关系
优良的 This candidate is clearly superior to ②确定 The personality of a child is well
这个候选人显然比别的候选人强II • 泌d a/ fci?侦.一个孩子的个性在出生时
They counted themselves the most superior 已大致确定
race in //於 w w M . 他们把自己看作世界上最 【派生】establishment /I•建立，确定；企业，机构；家
优等的民族 庭
③ 有优越感的a superior •带优
passive /paesiv/
越感的微笑/样子/神态
【助记】S 音:“怕媳妇”―真是太被动了—被动的
w.上 级 〇6巧/ one’s superiors服从上级
a.被动的，消极的【反active】77w?2/ accepted谈efr
【派生】superiority w.优秀；优越;优胜
defeat with passive resignation.他们以无可
【归类卡片】本身含有比较的意义，不需用比较级
奈何的消极心态接受了失败
的形容词
I *
inferior superior junior senior prior persuasion /pa'sweisan/
w. ①说月艮 Parents are encouraged to 7.ely on
highlight /•hailait/ persuasion rather than punishment.鼓励父
【助记】high(商的）+light(发光)— 离处发光一^突出 母们依靠说服的方法而不要靠惩罚
v/. to make prominent; emphasize 突出 分
②信念 The meeting is open to people of all
social problems were highlighted by these po/以ioz/ 任何政治信仰的人都可
⑼⑼扠这些事件越发突出了日益激化的社会问题。 以参加这个会议
n. the most interesting, exciting, or important 【派生】persuasive a ,有说服能力的，劝诱的
part of sth. (such as a performance or other
event)最精彩的部分 77ia/ Vewioe caution 細 ㈣
was definitely the highlight of our trip. 在 /i. 0careful forethought to avoid danger or harm
咸尼斯度过的那个周末无疑是我们这次旅行最 小 You should exercise extreme caution
愉怏的时光 i n r a i w . 在雨中开车要极为
小心。
relationship /ri'leifanjip/
②a warning telling sb. to be carefu丨注意（事
【助记】relation(关系）+ship(表性质)一►关系
项 1 One note of caution，don’t let your
n.失系 t关联 An insurance salesman usually has
children try this trick、提酸你一T ，不要让你的
wide social relationships.保险推销员通常有
孩子尝试这种把戏。
广泛的社交关系
vt. to warn sb. about a possible danger, problem,
relate /n'leit/ etc.餐告 Nowadays many parents caution
vi. ®to have connection, relation, or reference their children against talking to strangers.
现在很多父母告诫孩子不要同陌生人讲话
(〜to)有关联 How does this job relate to
•148【用法 】作动词时，常用于：〜 sb. that.../〜 sb. (not) ② fully considered 深思熟虑的 a
to do sth./ 〜 sb. against (doing) sth.结构中。 (fecisicm慎重的决定
v. to think about sth. very carefully 仔细考虑
precaution /pnk〇:j3n/
We had no time to deliberate (on) the prob-
【助记】pre(before)+caution(小心)一►事先小心防备—
iem.我们没有时间仔细考虑这个问题
警惕
【派生】deliberately orf•故意地，蓄意地
/I.预防，警榻 is fe如er f/wm ewe.预防
【归类卡片】“思考”种种
比治疗要好。
deliberate深思熟虑 consider考虑
optimistic /.optimistik/ brood沉思 imagine想象
a. having or showing hope for the future 乐观 fancy 幻想 meditate 冥想
(主义)的 The recipe of longevity is always keep
ing an optimistic mood. 长寿 的秘诀 就是时 virtually /V3:tj_
时保持乐观的情绪。 似/. in fact; practically 实际上，事实上 “ is
【派生】optimism 乐观，乐观主义 aUy impossible to predict the future accu-
精确预言未来的事实际上是办不到的
pessimistic /.pesi'mistik/
a. lacking in hope and confidence in the future literal /litaral/
悲观（主义）的 77祕仪ir你， stop 【助记】liter(文字）+al->字面上的―照字面的
of your pessimistic thoughts.也球不会洱为 仏 giving the meaning of each individual word 照
你的悲观想法而停止转动。 字面的；逐字的Z^era/ 似ta以on 騰 s
【派生】pessimist w•悲观主义者 doesn’t w〇7'k.逐字A 译有时行不通。
passion /paej an/ literacy /'iit^rssi/
【助记】pass(感情)+ion— 有感情后才会有“激情” 【助记】liter(文字)+acy->能肴備文字一► 有文化
n. a strong feeling of enthusiasm or excitement w. the ability to read and write 有文化，读写能力
for sth.激情；酷爱 Never underestimate the The literacy campaign started frvm the 50s
pother 〇/ possiem. 永远也不要低估激情的力 〇/ ZosZ cew加77/ in Cfeiwa. 中国的扫盲运
量。// Linda’s passion. 琳达非常 动始于上世纪50年代。
热爱表演。 【派生】illiterate /!•/〇• 文盲（的），无知的（人）// illit-
【派生】passionate a•易动情的;热烈的，激昂的 eracy w.文肓，缺乏教育
extinguish /ikstiQgwij/ literary /iitarari/
vt. 0to cause (a fire or light) to stop burning or 仏①文学（上}的 价emr^/ ce⑹re
shining; put ovX 饱、灭 The fire was finally for the English language•伦敦是英语语言的
extinguished by the firemen.大火终于被消 文学中心。
防队员们扑灭了。 ②文人的a literary circle文人的風子
(Dto put an end to or make extinct; destroy
appropriate /e'prauprnt/ a. /a'praupneit/ vt.
使消亡 AU hope was almost extinguished.
【助记】ap(to)+propri(适当的）+ate—► 适当的
几乎所有的希望都破灭了。
仏 适当的【同 suitable】 Qwna/ dresses are 叩-
【派生】extinguisher w•灭火器，熄灭者
propriate for a formal baU、使裝不遠合在~王久
deliberate /di'libarit/ a. /di'libareit/ v. 的舞会上穿。
【助记】de (fully)+liberate (测世)一♦彻底地权衡轻重一► vt. ®to take or use sth. esp. in a way that is ille-
仔细考虑 gal, unfair, etc.私占 77犯 minister ?i;os/cmwd
a.①intended or planned 蓄意的 Was car to have appropriated government money. 部
crash an accident or a deliberate attempt 长被查出挪用了公款。
to fcim?撞车是意外事故还是有人要蓄意 ②to get or save (money) for a specific use
谋杀他？ or purpose拨出（款项等）供专用77祕分ewem-
.149ment has appropriated some funds fo?，edu- complete mystery.凶手的身份仍然是个谈
政府拨出了一些款项用作教育基金 ② 个性；特 性 阶 preserve 名/^ idcMii-
ties of the local region.我们应该保留这些也
inherent /in'hiarant/
方特色。
【助记】in+here(黏附）+(e)nt—►黏附在内部的一► 固有
③ 同一性 VVfe /ai/ <〇 note 纟以 idew/i悅s in
的
/如灿〇 cos從.我们没能注意到两个案例的相
a. existing as an essential constituent or char-
同之处。
acteristic (〜/n)内在的，固
herent in a magnel.板性是磁佚的固有性质: collide /ka'laid/
【助记】col(共同）+lide(碰撞)—互撞
vital /Vaitl/
vi ®to hit sth. or each other with strong force;
【助记】vita(步.命)+l—叫f关生命的―生死攸关的
crash violently 互撞 77犯 co/Zirfed 执
a. ©extremely important and necessary for sth.
a JZoa“仰 “泰坦尼克号”撞到了海上
to succeed or exist生死攸关的，极其重要的
漂浮的冰山。
The industry is of vital importance to the
②to meet in opposition; conflict 冲 突 “
wfllZowo/沈owomy工业在国民经济中至关重要。
aims of two countries collide， there may be
②full of life or energy 充满生机的 /fe’s a
w;ar.如果两个国家的目标有抵触，就可能发生
very vital sort of persori他是个精力旺A 的人。
战争。
【派生】vitality /i• 活力；生机，元气
【派生】collision /!•碰撞；冲突
identical /ai'dentikal/
collaborate /ka'laebareit/
【助记】ident(同样的)+ical(表性质)— 相同的
【助记】co(共同)+labor( T•作)+ate~►共同工作—合作
a. being the same (〜如， 阶7/〇 相同的构/ opin-
vi. ®to work together, esp. in a joint intellectua1
ions are not always identical with my
effort(尤指在文艺、科学等方面）合 作 ^⑶ /-
parewte’.我的意见并不总是和父母的意见相同_
laborated with her sister on a biography of
你dr/a//ier.她和姐姐合作写父亲的传记。
identify /ai'dentifai/
②通敌 He was accused of coUab〇7.ating
【助记】identi(同样的）+fy(使)—认同
v广① to recognize and correctly name sb. or ⑽ 他 被 指 控 通 敌
【短语】collaborate with与…勾结
sth.认出 The porters may be identified by
【派生】collaboration /i.合作；勾结
执Wr r仪/ caps. 从他们戴的红帽子就可辨认出
他们是行李搬运工。
publish /pAblij/
② to consider as identical; equate (〜H7’"i)把…
v/•① to prepare and issue (a book, music, or
等周千 Do you identify beauty with wis-
other material) for public distribution 出版；发
rfom?你认为美貌与智慧能相等同吗？
表 He publishes articles in various news-
W. to share or understand the feelings of an-
papers.他在许多报纸上发表文章。
other person ( 〜 ) 认同 / 执
②to bring to the public attention; announce
the main charaeter in the play.我与该职的
公布 The latest unemployment figures will
主角有着相同的感受。
bet omorrow;.最新的失业數字将于
【派生】identification /!• 确认，识别；身份证明
明日公布。
专四真题 【派生】publisher /!•出版商，出版者// publication /!•
出版，发行；出版物
But what really distinguished Disney was
his ability to identify with his audiences.
pamphlet /peemflit/
译文：但是迪斯尼真正的与众不同之处在于他认
n.小册子 Tke pamphlet is in great demand.这
同观众的能力。
种小册子销量很大。
identity /ai’dentiti/ collection /ka'lekjan/
n•①身份 The identity of the killer is still a 【助记】col(共同）+lect(收集）+ion—► 收藏品
•150-n. ①收藏品a s/ainp —批邮票藏品 in music coincides with her husband's. 她
② the act of taking things from a place, esp. 在音乐方面的爱好与她丈夫一致3
when this is done regularly ^ 5K Garbage ③重叠 These two lines coincide with each
collections are made every morning. 每天早 W/ier.这两条线相重合。
上收一次垃圾。 【派生】 coincidence ii•巧合，巧事
③聚 集，积聚 is a coiteciicm 〇/ mfcbisfc
专四真题
mc o r T i e r. 角落里有一堆垃圾
The normal human daily cycle of activity is
【派生】collector/i•收藏家；征收员
of some 7-8 hours’ sleep alternation with
collective /kslektiv/ some 16-17 hours’ wakefulness and that the
a .集体的 Collective effort and cooperation cvre sleep normally coincides with the hours of
extremely important in winning a ball game. darkness.
要赢得球赛，集体力量与配合是极其重要的。 译文：人类正常的曰常作息周期是7〜8 小时的睡
n.集体 class collective 班集体 眠时间与16〜17小时的清醒时间相互交替，而
【派生】collectivism /!•集体主义 睡眠时间通常与黑夜重合。
connection/exion /kanekjan/ incidence /insidsns/
【助记】connect(v•联系）的名词
/i. the rate or extent of occurrence or effect 发
/i.①联系 There is a close connection between
生率 This area has a higk incidence of crime.
/ood and 食物和健康之间有着密切的
这个地区的犯罪率很高。
联系。
② 连接 The television isn’t working; Is there stumble /st/vmbi/
a ioose 电视机坏了，有没有哪个地 v/•①绅脚，绅倒【同trip】A feorse 执加
方接触不良？ /owr te沢. 人有失手曰，马有失蹄时。
③ [pi.]熟人，失系（户）He’U get the job—he ②跌 跌撞撞地走【同stagger】 a/on
a / / 吻W 他会得到那个 road 沿 大 路 蹒 跚 而 行
职位的，因为他有各种管用的关系。 ③ 结结G G It’s amazing that the f〇7*eigner
【短语】in connection with关于 didn’t stumble over any of the tongue
那个老外说绕口令时竟然没有一点结
combine /kembain/
巴，真了不起3
【助记】com(共同)+bi(两）+ne—►结合
【短语】stumble across/on偶然遇到
v. to cause (two or more things) to join togeth-
er 结合，联合 Some /iZms combine tumble /'tAmbi/
执 recmirton. 有些电影把教育与娱乐结合 vi••① to fall down suddenly and quickly 跌倒
起‘ 。 // The two old schools are to combine When a baby is just learning to walk， he
to form one big new school.达两所老学校将 o/toi over.幼儿刚学走路时会经
合并成一所大规模的新型学校， 常跌倒。
【派生】combination /!•结合，联合；团体；暗码 ② to fall, roll, or move end over end 翻滚
The kittens tumbled about on the Jloor. JL
coincide /.kauinsaid/ 只小猫在地板上打滚嬉戏
【助记】co(共同）+in(on)+cide(fall)—►—起落下—
③ to fall or drop suddenly in amount, value,
同时发生
etc•(价格等）暴跌 Stock market, prices have
vi. ®to happen at the same time or during the
加 oi^r执€? posf 股市价格在过去
same period 同时发生 A/沒 的一周里猛跌。
我鉍假期与约翰的假期恰巧是同
④ 不由自主地卷入Dow々故m W e / o r o / d
一时间。
t?ickster.不要上那个老骗子的当
②to be the same as sth. else 相符 //er 放ste
n.跌倒 have a slight tumble 轻轻跌了一狡
•151 •【短语】tumble to (突然）明白，领悟 of breaking glass behind her.煞西号听到耳
后有玻璃打碎的声音。
junction /d3AQkJan/
(2) a violent accident involving one or more
【助记】junct(连接）+ion—► 联结点
vehicles碰撞a crasfc飞机失事
/!• a place where two things join or meet 联结点
The hydro-power station stands at the smash /smaej/
〇/⑽o riwrs.水力发电站位于两条 【助记】sm+ash(灰得)一►使成灰你—粉碎
河流的汇合处。 v. (Dto break (sth.) into pieces suddenly, noisily,
and violently 粉碎 77论 pZak dro对)ed ori
bump /bAmp/
floor and smashed into little pieces.盘子掉
【助记】象声词：物体碰撞的声音
到地上，摔个粉碎。
v . ①to hit or knock against sth.(〜 m/0)
② to strike with a heavy blow or impact 猛击
碰 t 撞 It was so dark I bumped into a tree.
He smashed his fist down on the table in
天大黑，我撞到树上了 // I bumped my head
a/wn/.他怒气冲冲地用拳头猛击桌子。
o/z纟以tedge.我的头撞到了壁架上
③ to crush or destroy completely 使破灭，使失
②颠链着前进 The cart bumped cdong the
败 The unexpected news has smashed all
row众/i /•oad马车在凹凸不平的道路上颠筑前
意想不到的消息使他所有的希望都
进。
破灭了。
/I.①碰撞bi/mp 碰接试验
/!• ① the loud sound of sth. breaking 破碎声
② 肿块 She got a bump on her head.地头上
We heard the smash of plates breaking in
撞了 一个包
(化fcitefeen.我们听到厨房里盘子的碎裂声
【短语】bump into偶然遇见;撞上
②轰动的演出 //er ims d
ewrfows sTmwfc.她的演出极其成功。
bounce /bauns/
v .(使）反弹 The ball hit the wall and bounced
crush /krAj/
ojfjf认球打在墙上又反弹回来// bounce a
vt. The box was emshed when the car
b(M over a net缶球过网
rem over认汽车辗过箱子时把它给压碎了。
n .弹，反弹 Players complained about the un
②to put down with force 镇压 77⑷ reftei/ion
even bounce of the tennis court. 运动 资们抱
was emshed by government forces. 政府军
怨网球场的反弹力不均匀
队已把叛乱慎压下去了。
Crash /krae//
explode /ik'splaud/
【助记】象声词：破裂声
v•① to release energy or burst violently and
v. ① to hit sth. hard enough to cause serious
noisily 爆炸【同 blast】" 2/似 cm 构r/ite
damage or destruction 碰 撞 ，坠落 77祕 ptowe
when there is a gas leak， the house may
crashed shortly after it took off.飞机起飞后
如果在煤气泄漏的时候开灯，房子就可
不久便坠毀了 " Rick crashed his bike be
Hi 会爆炸 // to explode the bomb which was
fore he’d finished paying for it. H 达没有
in a m r 引爆汽车炸弹
付清买那辆自行车的钱就把它撞坏了。
② to make an emotional outburst 爆发，发怒
©to make a loud noise by falling, hitting
explode into laughter 嗓堂欠炎 // explode
sth” etc.发出撞击声77泌 to以论
with anger勃沭欠怒
^/Zoor.盘子哗啦一声掉在地上
③ to increase suddenly, sharply, and without
③ to go down in value very suddenly and
contro丨激增 77祕
quickly 玲台，破产 77祕 执
may lead to an energy crisis.世界人 〇 迅速
咖6仏〇/ 芨 洲 那 家 公 司 由 于 负 债 8000
增长可能会导致能源危机。
万美元而告破产
【派生】explosion n• 爆炸，爆发；扩张// explosive
/I.①a sudden loud nqise made by sth. falling,
/i.炸 药 爆 炸 性 的 ；激增的
breaking, etc.破裂声 Jessim W era冰
•152.【一言辨异】blast，explode This small village still retains its old-woi%ld
The terrorists had planned to blast the cfearoc仏r.这个小村庄仍然保持着古朴的特色
international air^port but their bombs failed
专四真题
恐怖分子原计划要炸掉国际机场，但
Early immigrants to America from Europe
炸弹没有爆炸。
brought with them a collective style of
living, which they retained until late in the
【助记】由break out(爆发）颠倒顺序构成的名词 18th century.
译文：早期从欧洲到美国的移民带来一种集体
/!•(战争、情感、火山等的）爆 发 77论 0W你mifc <
riot caused many people to d ie.暴乱的发生 生活方式，这种生活方式他们一直保持到18世
使很多人丧生。 纪晚期。
scatter /skaeta/ conceive /ken'siiv/
vA ①to distribute loosely 撒 77祕 【助 记 】con(—起 ）+ceive(f ) —►吸取精华一► 构想出
with star& 欠上繁 v.①to form (an idea, a plan, etc.) in the mind
②to cause to separate and go in different (〜〇/)构 想 出 (〇/) a ptan想出一个计
directions 使散开 The wind soon scattered M // Who first conceived the idea of build-
the clouds.队起云散 《卿 pother 第一个想到建核能
v i.消散 When the tree falls， the monkeys scat- 电厂的人是谁？
於r.树倒猢狲散。 ②to become pregnant 怀孕 rmdirtowa% m
China it is a shame for a girl to conceive
conceal /kanshl/
a baby before she 7narries.中国的传洗观念
【助记】con(表加强）+ceal(藏)—隐藏
是，女孩未婚先孕是可耻的。
vt. to keep from being observed or discovered
【派生】conceivable a•可想到的，可能的
隐藏【同 hide】//e Merf to ccmcea/ fcis 心⑽2/
drinking from his family.他板力对家人隐瞒 conception /kensepjan/
他酗酒的事
n. ①a general idea about what sth. is like 思
想 t 观念 Does the younger generation have
sorrow /sd_
a clear conception of what they want?年轻：
w. 悲哀，悲痛；伤心事 Fow ccrnY cornea/ onY e^/brce
一程序合法化。
ofeediencecmme我不会妥协，不要强迫我服从:
【派生】illegitimate a• 非法的；不合理的v. 确认为
somewhat /'sAmwDt/ 违法
似/.有点 It is somewhat difficult to answer
abuse / 9 'bju:z/ vt. / 9 'bjuis/ n.
执 要 回 答 这 个 问 题 有 点 困 难
【助记】ab(away)+use(使用）一>滥用
专四真题 v/•① to use improperly or excessively; misuse
In its first encounter it might be somewhat ?&用 Some officials abuse their power and
hesitant, but as it came to know the user 《托加peopfc —些官员滥用权
it would progress to a more relaxed and 力，盛气凌人地对待人民。
intimate style. (Dto treat (a person or animal) in a harsh or
译文：在初次相遇时，它可能有点犹豫，但只要 harmful way 虐待 Peopte
它熟悉了使用者，随后就会展示出更轻松、亲切 as children often tu7n into child-abusers
的风度。 themselves.孩提时代遭受虐■待的人往往会变成
虐待儿童者。
legal f\\：ge\/ ③辱 骂【同 insult】5/祕 Mrn/or feis n印teci.
【助记】leg(法律)+〇1—>法律的 她痛骂他的疏忽。
a. ①concerned with or connected with the law w . ① 滥 用 從药品滥用
法律（上）的 77祕 ^ ⑽ yz/ memoir 〇/ a com- ②虐待；辱骂c/ii/d cr6认se虐待儿童
•155.deceive /disi：v/ 沾了油漆。
【助记】de(away)+ceive(贪)— 用不正当手段章走— 【派生】spotless a•极清洁的；道德上纯洁的
欺骗 专四真题
V/. to cause to believe what is not true; mislead
Shoppers should consider fake foning any
欺编 Good friends shouldn’t deceive one
time they spot a talky neighbor in the pro
cmo/ter.好朋友之间不应互相欺骗
duce department (用手捏）unripe
【派生】deceit "• 肷骗，肷诈；骗术// deceitful 〇•欺
peaches.
泎的，不诚实的// deception /i.欺骗；诡计，骗
译文：如果购物时在果蔬部看到喜欢嚼舌根的邻
局 // deceptive a.欺骗的，虚假的
居正在掐捏还没有成熟的桃子，那么应考虑随时
corrupt /koVApt/ 进行虚拟聊天
【助记】cor(完全）+rupt(断裂）->人格完全断裂—腐
Stain /stein/
败的
vt to accidentally make a mark on sth., esp. one
a•①very bad morally 堕落的 a com/辦
that cannot be removed, or to be marked in
堕落的社会
this way 沾污 77紹 m?/ sfoirt 墨
②using your power in a dishonest or illegal
水在我的衬衫上留下了污迹。
way in order to get an advantage for your-
/I•污点【同spot】 cojQfee stoi似咖啡渍
self腐败的，贪污受贿的Cbm/列 如勿烈/wive
【派生】stainless a• 无污点的；抗锈的
taken millions of dollars in bribes.贪污的
法官接受了几百万美元的賄赂
Stuff
/StAf/
vt.①使堕落 He believes violence on television
n .原料，材料 Real life is the of all good
and film is cormpting our children.他认为
woi^te.真实生活是所有优秀小说的创作题材
电视上的暴力镜头带坏孩子
vt. ®to fill a space or container tightly with sth.
②使腐败，行 贿 77於 6似inessmcm sen/
塞满 The bus is stuffed with passengers.
to prison for trying to corrupt a tax ojfi-
车里挤满了乘客。
cia/ 你饥〇?1巧/.那个商人因企图向税务官员
(2) to push sth. quickly and carelessly into a
行贿而被判入狱
small space I stuffed my hands
【派生】corruption w• 贪污，腐败；丨化误
in 我把双手塞进了我的口袋里
corrode /ka'raud/ @to eat a lot of food or too much food 让…
吃饱 Our ^rrea仏 enjoyment now is to
【助记】cor(完全）+rode(咬）— 全部咬掉—腐蚀
stuff ourselves.现在A 们最：k 的车f、就是吃说
v.①腐蚀，侵蚀（金属、石头等）Acirf ctmses
肚子。
to ccmvde.酸会腐蚀金属 // Rust has cor
【派生】stuffing n•(垫子等的）填料
roded the steel rails. 诱優蚀了锁 Vi
②to gradually destroy or weaken sth. 逐渐
trash /traej/
损害，损伤 Jealousy corroded her character.
【助记】发 音 ：“吹 嘘 把 “垃圾”吹成宝
嫉妒损伤了她的人格
/I. ©things that you throw away, such as emp
spot /spot/ ty bottles, used papers, food that has gone
bad etc.垃圾A/Y owfOus/i.把垃圾拿出去
① 地点cm /以 spof当场，在/到现场
② 拙劣的文学（或艺术M乍 品 汰 私 mw决
② 污点tin ink spot ! 水清
2/cm’re 你看的这个乱七八糟的节目
③ 少 量 〇/ r a in 雨点
是什么？
vt. (Dto see or notice (sb. or sth. that is difficult
③没 用的人/ no ton分er ow
to see or find)认出 She spotted her friend
切/ii^以似/i. 我不再认为靠福利救济的
iw crow;c/.她在人群中认出了她的朋友。
人是白人当中的废物。
② to have small round marks or small
v/. to cause great damage to sth.捣毁 The
pieces of sth. on the surface 75 My over-
place got trashed last time we had a party!
印 执 p a m L 我的工作服上
•156.我们上一次聚会时把这个地方搞得乱七八糟 示，要我别进去:
junk /d3AQk/ clue /kiu：/
n. old or unwanted objects that have no use or n,线索 A fingerprint is an important clue to
value 废旧物品 bite 〇/ jzmA 〜- the identity of tke murderer• 指故是1备定函
arownd. 到处都是破烂 手的一个重要线索
叱 to discard as useless 丢弃 a/Z
【词源】源自古英语词clew,意为“线团” 古希腊
old furniture before moving into his new
有个传说，雅典王子前往迷宫杀死吃人的怪物
tome. 他在搬入新居之前把所有的旧家具都当
后，依靠一个小线团引路才得以逃离迷宫因此该
废物丟掉了。
词现在多被用于喻指解决问题的“线索”
cycle /saiki/
embarrass /im'baeras/
n•①自行车，摩托车He goes to work by cycle.他
vt. to cause to feel self-conscious or ill at ease
骑自行车上班。
使尴尬 DonY 2/owembcmussed?你不觉
②循环 Sunspots increase and decrease in
得难为情吗？
intensity in an 11-year cycle. kJuX 千以]A
【派生】embarrassing a•使人尴尬的// embarrass
年为一个周期增强和减弱。
ment w. 窘迫.局促不安
vi•①骑车 I cycle to school every day. A 每欠骑
车上学。 flush /fuj/
②循环 The machine cycles automatically. n• 脸红，红光 Her complexion has a flush, just
这台机器自动循环运转 like that of the dawn.她红扑扑的脸蛋兒如黎
【派生】cyclist n•骑自行车的人
明的红霞，
v. (Dto cause a strong flow of water to clean (a
recycle /,ri：'saiki/
toilet)冲洗 Z)oii7 /〇7没扣 a/to*
【助记】re (again)+cyde (循环)— 丨〇1收利用
用完厠所，不要忘了冲。
v/.回收利用尸c似 /wete cannof k m^/cZ衫d. 矿
② to turn red, as from fever, embarrassment,
物燃料不可重复利用。
or strong emotion脸 红 S7祕 .片似/诏d 从?:犰
peel /pi：i/ 她气得脸发红。
③ 赶出 The police managed to Jlush ttw
【助记】发音 ：“皮 儿 果 皮
vt. M…的皮 Some people like to peel the apple ^ran分/rom执eir MctecmL警方设法把这伙匪
6e/o代分.有的人吃苹果喜欢削皮 徒赶出了躲藏处。
Vi. to come off in pieces ^ Bits of walls a. (JX〜放池）齐平的 The river is flush with its
祝丨卿.好几处的墙面正在脱落。 ftcmAs.河水齐岸。
/I•(水果等的）皮 feanarmpeeZ香蕉皮 ②充裕的 Let him pay; He’s flush tonight.
【短语】peel off剥掉，脱去 让他付，他今晚有很多钱
hint /hint/ blush /biAjy
【助记】撞(hit)在门(n>上留下一些细微的迹象(hint) vi. to become red in the face, esp. from em
/i.①a slight indication There rvas a hint barrassment He blushed with the em-
〇/ w m voice. 他的声音中流露出一丝 bairassment. when the girl whistled at him.
女孩子向他吹口哨，他窘迫地脸红起来。
恼怒。
②[常 p/.j a brief or indirect suggestion 建议 n.脸红 She bent her head to hide her blushes.
helpful hints有益的忠告 她低下头去掩饰自己羞红的脸
v. to express or state indirectly 暗示 / femfed 吣
breach /bri:tj7
him that I was dissatisfied with the results
n• ① a violation as of a contract, law, legal
〇/ 伙 我 向 他 暗 示 ，我对他们的实
obligation, or promise 破坏，违反 in 〇/
验结策不满意 // He clearly hinted that he
contract 灸 fL 爽约
iran仏d no! to供f in. 他明白无误地暗
•157.② a break in friendly relations between vt. ® to provide with property, income, or a
people or groups (关系的）破裂 A 柄WaZ source of income Jfi 5® //e spent most of his
misunderstanding caused a breach between large fortune endowing the society.他把大
小小的误会引起了他们之间的不和。 部分的财产捐贈给了社会。
③ 缺口 The huge waves made a breach in ©to equip or supply with a talent or quality
执€ sea 大浪在堤上冲出一个缺口。 ( 〜 赋 予 Great musicians certainly were
vt ®to make a gap in and break through (a endowed with musical talent.欠音乐家砩实
wall, barrier, or defence)攻破 具有音乐天賦：
breached police lines around the embassy.
talent Aaelent/
示成者突破了使馆四周的警戒线3
/i.①a natural ability to do sth. well 才能，天资
②to break or violate (eg. an agreement)破
Mozart possessed a remarkable talent for
坏，违 反 cm 违反协议
mwsic.莫扎特具有非凡的音乐才能。
专四真题
②a person or people with a natural ability
Had we consulted the website of the Emily or skill 人才 77紹 ccmipcmy ma/c從殳ood 〇/
Post Institute, this embarrassing breach of 该公司很好地发挥了内部人才的作
etiquette (^11?) could have been avoided. 用
译文：要是我们到埃米莉邮政学院网站上咨询 【派生】talented a•有才干的，天才的
过，类似这样违背礼节的尴尬场面就可以避免了。
faculty /faekalti/
encounter /m'kaunta/ n. ® a natural ability, such as the ability to see,
【助记】en(in)+counter(对立的)一►面对面一♦ 遇到 hear or think clearly ^ He has a great
v/. to experience or undergo 遇 到 ，遭遇 /’m /ocwZ^/ o/sp從cfo.他极具演说的才能。
prepared to encounter dangers in the
② 系，学院【同department】a /似2/吻 〇/ arAs/
course 〇/ 认^5 价m . 这次探险我有遇险 science and engineering 文学统/埋工学统
的准备。 ③ 全体 教 员 77奶它ims a miared to
the proposal among the faculty•教师们对这
/i. 遇到，遭 遇 an 不期而遇
项建议的反应不一。
endow /in.dau/
[助记J en(in)+dow(给予)一►赋予
•158典型考题精练
1. Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ______ the quality of the
programs.
A. lessened B. declined C. affected D. effected
2. I found it difficult to ______ my career ambitions with the need to bring up my children.
A. consolidate B. intensify C. amend D. reconcile
3. Their products are frequently overpriced and ______ in quality.
A. influential B. inferior C. superior D. subordinate
4. Lighting can be used not only to create an atmosphere, but also to ______ features of the house,
such as ornaments or pictures.
A. highlight B. underline C. activate D. upgrade
5. Others viewed the findings with ______, noting that a cause-and-^ffect relationship between passive
smoking and cancer remains to be shown.
A. optimism B. passion C. caution D. deliberation
6. It was the first time that such a had to be taken at a British nuclear power station.
A. presentation B. precaution C. preparation D. prediction
7. I am afraid that you have to alter your ______ views in light of the tragic news that has just
arrived.
A. indifferent B. distressing C. optimistic D. pessimistic
8. Mr. Smith was the only witness who said that the fire was ______.
A. mature B. deliberate C. meaningful D. innocent
9. The world’s governments have done ______ nothing to combat the threat of nucleai' accidents.
A. inherently B. vitally C. virtually D. identically
10. Some people think that a ______ translation, or word-for-word translation, is easier than a free
translation.
A. literal B. literary C. liberal D. linear
11. For many patients, institutional care is the most and beneficial form of care.
A. pertinent B. appropriate C. acute D. persistent
12. The jobs of wildlife technicians and biologists seemed ______ to him, but one day he discovered
their difference.
A. identical B. vertical C. parallel D. specific
13. The police are trying to find out the ______ of the woman killed in the traffic accident.
A. evidence B. recognition C. status D. identity
14. The helicopter______ a light plane and both pilots were killed.
A. coincided with B. stumbled on C. tumbled to D. collided with
15. It is fortunate for the old couple that their son’s career goals and their wishes for him ______.
A. coincide B. collaborate C. comply D. conform
16. The police have installed cameras at dangerous road ______ to film those who drive through red
traffic lights.
A. trenches B. utilities C. pavements D. junctions
17. The ball ______ two or three times before rolling down the slope.
A. swayed B. bounced C. hopped D. darted
18. The plane ______, its bombs exploding as it hit the ground.
A. smashed B. crushed C. plunged D. crashed
•159.19. A window in the kitchen was ______; there was rubbish everywhere, and the curtains and
carpets had been stolen.
A. scattered B. scraped C. scratched D. smashed
20. He his soitow beneath a cheerful appearance.
A. retained B. concealed C. conceived D. shielded
21. The most basic reason why dialects should be preserved is that language helps to ______ a
culture.
A. retain B. relate C. remark D. review
22. It is difficult to of a plan to end poverty.
A. ponder B. reckon C. speculate D. conceive
23. The professor found himself constantly ______ the question: "How could anyone do these things?"
A. presiding B. poring C. pondering D. presuming
24. Already the class is about who our new teacher will be.
A. foreseeing B. speculating C. fabricating D. contemplating
25. The doctors don’t ______ that the patient will live much longer.
A. monitor B. manifest C. articulate D. anticipate
26. My grandfather, a retired worker, often the past with a feeling of longing and respect.
A. considers B. contemplates C. contrives D. contacts
27. The tomato juice left brown • on the front of my jacket.
A. spot B. point C. track D. trace
28. It is rather that we still do not know how many species there are in the world today.
A. misleading B. embarrassing C. boring D. demanding
29. The girl’s face with embarrassment during the interview when she couldn^ answer the
tough question.
A. beamed B. dazzled C. radiated D. flushed
30. Some American colleges are state-supported, others are privately , and still others are
supported by religious organizations.
A. ensured B. attributed C. authorized D. endowed
g
答案与译文
1. [c 】批评家们认为大量广告对于电视的控制已经影响到节目的质量
2. [D]我觉得很难协调事业上的抱负和抚养孩子的需要:，
3. |B]他们的产品常常要价大高，而质量低劣。
4. [A]灯光不仅可用来创造气氛，还可以用来使屋里诸如装饰品或画之类的特点得到强化.
5. [C丨其他人谨慎地看待这个研究结果.指出被动吸烟和癌症之间的因果关系仍需证明。
6 . 丨B ] 这是英国核电站第一次不得不采取这种预防措施..
7. [C]根据刚才得到的不幸的消息，我想你必须改变你乐观的看法了。
8 . 丨B ] 史密斯先生是唯一说有人故意酿成那场火灾的证人。
9. [C]世界各国政府在与阻止核事故的成胁方面实际上是无所作为的
10. [A丨有些人认为直译，或者说逐字逐句的翻译，比意译容易。
11. |B]对许多病人来说，慈善机构的护理是最适当、最有益的护理方式
12. IA]野生动物专家和生物学家的工作对他来说似乎完全相同，但有一天他发现了二者之间的区别。
13. [D】警察正在努力查找在车祸中死去的女人的身份，
14. [D】直升飞机与一架轻型飞机相撞，两名驾驶员遇难。
15. [A】老两口很幸运，因为他们儿子的事业目标与他们的愿望r■致
•160.16. 丨D j 警方已在危险路段交叉口安装了探头以拍录闯红灯的车辆
17. [B】球弹了两三下，才滾下斜坡。
18. [D】飞机坠毁了，撞到地面时发生了爆炸
19. [D]厨房里的一扇窗户被打碎了；到处都是垃圾，而且窗帘和地毯被偷走了
20. [B]在他欢快的外表下隐藏着悲伤」
21. [A]方言应该受到保护的最基本的原因是，语言有助于保留文化：
22. [D】很难想出计划消除贫困，
23. [C]教授发现自己经常思考这个问题：“人怎么能做这些事情呢！”
24. [B]全班学生已经在猜测我们的新老师会是谁。.
25. [D]医生们预计那位病人活不了大久了
26. [B]我的祖父是个退休工人，他经常带着思念和敬意回忆过去.
27. [A】番茄汁在我的夹克前部留下了一个棕色的污渍：
28. [B]使我们感到尴尬的是，我们仍然不知道当今世界上究竟有多少物种
29. [D]当那个姑娘回答不出面试中的难题时，她尴尬得脸都变红了.
30. [D]有些美国大学是由政府创办，有些是由私人资助，还有一些则由宗教组织出资：
.161 .单词预习+返记
□supervise □hoist □switch □advertise □compromise □mislead
□deadline □deserve □focus □agency □complain □fury
□expire □accelerate □absorb □agent □wage □alcohol
□convention □precede □disturb □display □respective □lounge
□perspective □predecessor □bore □exhibit □gloomy □ward
□individual □precedent □keen □household □awkward □industrialize/-ise
□symbol □prevail □acute □shift □behave □counsel
□strengthen □ascend □subscribe □campaign □spoil □patch
□communicate □slope □adhere □assume □responsible □amend
□bravery □scramble □attribute □bound □guilty □treaty
□applaud □crawl □contribute □undoubted □private □inherit
□dap □cling □pressure □vain □addict □heir
□perfection □transplant □community □delivery □imply □heritage
□encouragement □transform □sponsor □cancel □grief □council
□enhance □transport □advocate □postpone □affection □bilateral
□elevate □transmit □tradition □contract □incline □vote
supervise /'suipevaiz/ expire /ikspaia/
【助记】super(above)+vise(看）一►在上面看着一► 【助记】ex(out)+(s)pire(呼吸)一► 呼出最后一 口气―
监督 断气
vt. to manage and direct; be in charge of 监督， W•① to come to an end 期满
管理 She supervises the whole department. pires in a mem仇我的护照再过一个月就到
她管理整个部门。 期了。
【派生】supervision• 监督，管理；指导// supervi- ②to breathe one’s last breath 断气
sor /l 监督人，管理员；指导者 empires m /V 〇/ /famto• 奥菲莉姐在《哈
姆雷特》第4 暮中死去。
专四真题
Once supervised by teachers and principals， convention /kanvenjan/
they now appear to be in “self care”. 【助记】con(共同）+vent(来）+ion—►共同来遵守—公
译文：这些曾经由老师和校长监管的孩子现在看 约
起来得“自己照管自己”了。 /I.① 习 俗 socia/ conversions社 会 习 俗 //功/
convention^ north is at the top on most
maps.按照惯例,在大部分的地图上北面都在上方。
deadline /dediain/
② 公 约 G抓eva 《日内瓦公约》
n.最后期限 77ie deadline for making an appli-
③ [正式)会议 the Democratic Party Convert-
is /Wrfa女. 申请于下星期五截止。
“c m 民主党大会
【词源】美国南北战争时期，南部联军在战俘营
【派生】conventional a• 常规的；符合习俗的
外标有一条界线，越过此线即格杀勿论。这条界
线被称作deadline。以后监狱周围的死线也叫 perspective /paspektiv/
deadline:现在该词一般多转义为“最后期限”。 【助记】per (through) +spect (看）+ive—►透过…看―
视角
•162*/i. (Da way of thinking about and understanding by the Internet easily.人们可以方使也透过
sth.视兔 The Little Prince was written from 网络联络。
a child’s perspective.《小王子} A 从 *i、孩千的 ② to make your ideas, feelings, thoughts,
视角写出来的 etc. known to other people so that they un-
② a view or prospect 远景 ybw ccm 分eZ a derstand传达，传递（感情、想法等）Ccmdidates
perspective of lakes and hills at this point. must be able to communicate effectively. ^
在这个点上你可以看到湖山远景： 选人必须善于有效地表达自己。
③ 透 视 图 ，透 视 画 法 〇/ draw;- ③ to be connected, one with another 连接，相
ir设 绘 画中的透视法 通 My bedroom communicates with the study.
我的卧室与书房相通。
individual /,indiVid3U8i/
④ to spread (a disease, e.g.) to others 传染
【助记】in(not)+divid(分开）+ual— 不可再分的一► 个
The disease is communicated through dirty
人
drinciw i
/ 分馈 ⑽ 这 种 疾 病 通 过 不 千 净 的 饮 用 水
亿①of or relating to one person or thing 个另丨J 的
传播。
individual difference 个体 1 异 // Each in
【派生】communication /!• 通信；[/?/•】通讯系统//
dividual leqf on the tree is different. 树上
communicative a• 健谈的，交际的
每片叶子都不相同。
②special; particular 独特的 /fe 似冷從 in a bravery /breivari/
祕〇2/.他的写作方法别具一格。 n.勇敢，无畏 The firemen showed exceptional
n .个人 Each individual has an individual bravery. 消防队员们表现得异常勇敢。
〇/ dress.每个人都有自己独特的穿着风格。
applaud /a'ploid/
【派生】individualism w. 个人主义 // individuality
【助记】ap(to)+plaud(鼓掌)—鼓掌
/i.个性，个人特征
v•①to express approval, esp. by clapping the
专四真题
hands鼓掌【同 （^ 卩】77^似办0/1^/^和 叩 -
With the development of ideas about indi plauding long after the curtain came down.
vidualism, people soon began to shift to 落幕很久后观众还一直在鼓掌。
the use of individual cups and plates. ②to commend highly; praise 称赞，赞许 77祕
译文：随着个人主义观念的加强，人们开始转向 new cease fire decision is applauded by the
使用单独的杯子、盘子。 soci^y. 国际社会对该新的停火
决定表示赞许。
symbol /simbal/ 【派生】applause /!•鼓掌；称赞
n• ①符号，标 M 0 is the symbol for oxygen.
Clap /klsep/
“0 ”是氧的化学符号。
②象征 The dove is the symbol of peace•钱 【助记】c+lap(轻拍)— 拍手
子是和平的象征。
v .①拍手，鼓掌 The audience clapped enthnsi-
【派生】symbolic 〇• 符号的；象征性的// symbolism astically and called for more.观焱们紙致 ii
/I.象征手法// symbolise/-ize v• 象征，代表 掌，要求再来一个。
©to lightly hit sb. with your open hand, usu. in
strengthen /streQBan/ a friendly way (用手)轻拍•（友好地)拍(某人的肩
【助记】strength(力量）+en(使)— (使）有力量— 加强 背、 He clapped Tom on the shoulder.他较较
v/. to make strong or increase the strength of 地拍了拍汤姆的肩膀。
力口强，巩固 ybwr sfren讲 my n 手、鼓韋give sb. a clap为臬人故亦
你的话增强了我的信心。
perfection /pa'fekjan/
communicate /kamju: nikeit/
n.完美 She played the music to perfection.地
vi. ①to exchange information,news, ideas, etc.
把这支乐曲演奏得十分完美。
with sb.交流，沟通 Peop/e ccm commimicate 【短语】to perfection完美地
•163-encouragement /in'kAridjmant/ of refoim and opening-up accelerated Chi-
【助记】en (使）+courage(勇气）+ment—►使有勇气一► na’s economic分row;仇改革开放政策促进了
鼓励 中 的泛济反展 // The Ferrari Mondial can
n .鼓励，激励 He assisted me with good coumel accelerate from 0 to 60 mph in 6.3 sec-
cmd ewcowm分m e n /,.他以良好的忠告和鼓励帮 omte.法拉利蒙迪尔型汽车能在6.3秒内从时速
助我 0 英里加速到60英里
【归类卡片】日常英语PK科技英语
enhance /in'ha：ns/
速度 speed velocity
【助记】en(使）+hance(高）一►提高
: 加速 speed up accelerate
付. to increase or improve sth.提高，增 加 阶 ’作
减速 slow up/down decelerate
using technology to enhance our levels of
s^ryice.我们正在运用技术来提高我们的服务
precede /pnsi：d/
水平。
【助记】pre (before) + cede (走）一► 走在前面一> 在…
elevate /eiiveit/ 之前
【助记】e(out)+lev(举）+ate(使)一》•举起 vt. to come, exist, or occur before in time 在…
w• ①提升…的职位，晋升【同promote】//e切似 之前 George Bush Jr. preceded Barack Oba
elevated to the post of president, ma， as President of the United States•小布
总裁的职位( 什在巴拉克•奥巴马之前担任美国总统
② to raise to a higher moral, cultural, or in-
predecessor /priidisesa/
tellectualleve丨提高（思想、文化教养等）itead-
n.①前辈 As a scholar he is not i?i the same
ing good books elevates one’s mind 码读好半
street with his predecesso?*s.作为学者，他远不
可提高人的心灵修养
如其前辈。
③ to improve the mind or mood of sb.使情绪
②前身，（被取代的）原 有 事 物 卿 ，從⑼/ mr
高昂 We need candidates who can elevate
is much better9 than its predecessor.我现在
and inspire the American people 我们需要
的汽车比原来的那辆好得多
能振奋美国人民的精神，能鼓励他们士气的候选人。
®to move sth. to a higher place or position precedent /presidant/
from a lower one; lift 举起 Z/k dowm amZ d- 【助记】pre(before) +ced(走）+ent— 走在前而的榜
em化 ^/owr/e祝.躺下，然后把脚抬起来 样—先例
【派生】elevation /!•提高；高地；仰角 w. ® a similar action or event that happened at
an earlier time 先例，范例 An epictemic ow 执
hoist /hoist/
scale is without precedent.如此大规模的流
vt. to raise sth. esp. byu sing ropes or machin-
行病史无前例。
ery 举起，吊起 77紹 saZ/ors /fee car^o
②the usual or tradition way of doing sth.惯
cm^> 办伙. 水手们把货物吊到甲板上。
例 The Queen Ms b?，oken with precedent by
w . ①起重器械/wmd ecmZn>/ 手控起重机
sending her children to ordinary schools.
② 举 起 s认./s6.a 加如将某物/某人举起
女王破例让自己的孩子去普通学校就读，
deserve /diz3:w 【派生】unprecedented a•无前例的，空前的
【助记】de(fully)+serve(服务)— 充分享受服务一►值得
prevail /pn'veii/
叱 to be worthy of 应受，值得 “ 2/〇以 do i^rcm分，
【助记】pre+vail(强大的)—占强势地位—占优势
you deserve punishment/you deserve to be
v i.①to be usual, common, or popular 流 行 "
犯d 你如果做了错事，就应当受罚。
seems that the jeans will prevail forever. 牛
accelerate /akselareit/ 仔裤似乎永远流行。
②to defeat an opponent esp. in a long or
【助记】ac (to)+celer(迅速）+ate (使)一► 加快
v. to increase the speed of (使）加快 77^ po/icy difficult contest 占优势 /Tre-
miZ orer ei说美德定将战胜邪恶
•164-③ to ask or persuade sb. to do sth•(〜0/1， crawl /kr〇：i/
upon)说服 May I prevail on you to make vi. ① to move on your hands and knees; or to
a sp從c/i 可以请你在用餐后 move with the body close to or on the ground
讲几句话吗？ 爬行 Does the baby crawl yet?宝宝会欣 了吗?
专四真题
// Tke snake crawled into Us hole.玫极选洞
里〇
It is especially lucky if a black cat crosses
② to move forward very slowly 缓慢地行进
your path— although in America the exact
The traffic was amvling by at 5 miles an
opposite belief prevails.
/wmr.路上的车以每小时5 英里的速度缓i曼行驶
译文：如果一只黑猫从你面前穿过，那是特别幸
w. 爬行；缓慢的行进77说gwewe 〇/
运的事但是在美国則正好相反.
/onmrd奴 a cmzi;/.路上的车辆排成队缓缓向
前端动。
ascend /esend/
【短语】crawl with爬满，布满
【助记】a(to)+scend(爬）一*•攀登
Vi. to go or move upward; rise fc ® The rocket cling /kiiQ/
ascended into the sky until it disappeared
W•①to hold on tightly to sb. or sth. (~to)紧紧抓
a/to供火箭高高地飞向天空直至完全消失。
住（或抱住）77祕 feoy dwwjf to mo执-
w. to move upward upon or along; climb 攀登
er’s in /ear.小男孩害怕得抓住母亲的
He ascended the stairs with great difficult
裙子。
吻. 他非常费力地爬上楼梯。
② to stick firmly or closely to 黏着 5/紹 ims
【派生】ascent /i•上升，攀登；上坡（路）
wet through and her clothes clung to her
6od从她湿透了，衣服黏在身上。
③ to remain emotionally attached 依恋 LiZto
n•①斜坡 To slide down the grassy slope is of
children always cling to their mothers. 个
as rmicfo/zm os 坡地滑草和滑雪一样
孩子总是依恋着母亲
有趣。
④ to continue to believe in or depend on
②倾斜，斜 度 stope 〇/* a roo/ 屋顶的斜度
sth.坚持 She dung to the hope that he was
v . (使）倾斜 77泌 fawm stoped doira
still alive.地始终抱着一个希望，就是他仍活着
gradually towards the $ea.那衿宜人的萆坪
【用法】过去式、过去分W clung
後缓下斜，伸向大海。 // slope the floor to the
drairi使地面向泄水口倾斜 transplant /traens'pla:nt/
【助记】trans (across) + plant (种植）一► 从这里移到那
Scramble /'skraembl/
里种植一► 移植
vL ①to move or climb over sth. quickly esp.
w•① to move a growing plant and plant it
while also using your hands We scram-
somewhere else 移栽 Tea was transplanted
bled up the steep hillside.我们欣上了 那个洗
from China to India and Sri Lanka.茶树A
峭的山坡a
从中国移栽到印度和斯里兰卡的。
(Dto move or act quickly to do, find, or get sth.
(2) to take an organ, skin, etc. from one per
often before sb. else does 争夺 77紀
son, animal, part of the body, etc. and put it
scrambled for the coin&孩子们争夺硬币
into another 移植 /fer /crce
v/. to put (parts of sth.) in the wrong order 扰舌L
and she had to have skin transplanted. 她
Bad weather scrambled the air schedules.
的脸部受到严重烧伤，不得不请医生植皮。
恶劣的天气把飞机班次打乱了。
®to move sb. or sth. to a different place or
n.①攀登 It’s quite a scramble to get to the
environment //^ transplanted his fam-
《op o/fk 要往上爬很长一段路才能到过
ily from the countryside to the city•他把玄
山顶呢！
从农村迁到城市。
②争夺 There was a scramble f〇7， the best
n•移植 She had a bone marrow transplant. 她
seate. 大家争抢最好的位置
•165.接受了骨髄移植手术。 牌香烟，后来他换成了其他牌子n
n•①开关 There is a switck on the waU for
transform /traens'foim/
turning on the lights.墙上有一开电灯的开关
【助记】trans(across)+form(形状)一►形状发生转变一► 变
②转变 We have to make a switck in our
换
我们必须改变安排
V/. ®to change markedly the appearance or form
【短语】switch off (把开关）关掉// switch on (把
of 使改 M The world is being transf〇7med
开关）开启
by informa tion technology.世界正被信息技
术所改变 focus /'faukas/
②to change the nature, function, or condi v. to direct your attention or effort at sth. spe-
tion of; convert A steam engine irans- cific (〜仍〇(使）聚集【同concentrate】Fow 冰
/orm，s /紹aZ m 纟o 蒸汽机将热能转变成 try to focus your mind on work and study.
动力。 你应该努力把思想集中在工作和学习上。// Kow
【派生】transformation /i•改变，改观 must focus on what you are doing.你必须
集中心思于你所做的事
专四真题
w. ①聚焦cm/ o//oci^焦点没对准，模糊
A familiar food had been transformed into
②中心 The incident brought the problem of
a highly processed industrial commodity.
violence in schools into shmj> focus.这次事
译文：一种人们熟悉的食品被转化成为经过高度
件使校园暴力成始焦点问题
加工的工业化产品，
absorb /absorb/
transport /traenspoit/ vt. /trsenspoit/ //. v/.①to draw in (heat, light, energy，etc.)吸收
【助记】trans (across) + port (运）— 搬到对面-♦ 运输 Put some orange peelings in the refrigera
vt. to move or carry (goods, e.g.) from one place tor and they can absorb odd smell. 放一些
to another 运输 77祕 groocte 切议 《rcmsported 橘子皮进冰箱，可以把异味吸掉:
to ^ air.货物将空运到北京」 ② to take up the whole interest or attention
n• 运输，运输系统 TTie transport of goods by air of sb. 使全神贯注 AfeuJtow ofk
is very expensive.货物空运是很昂贵的 sorbed in fois 牛顿全神贯注于他的工作。
【派生】transportation w.运输；运输工具 ③ to take in and make sth. part of a larger
group, country, etc. 同化 77祕？•印iow w 众
transm it /traenzmit/ absorbed into its neighboring country.该地
【助记】trans(across)+mit(送)一►送过去一► 传送
区正被并入邻国3
v/•① to send (a signal), as by wire or radio 播
【用法】be absorbed in \
送 The station transmits from 6 a.m. until be focused on
广专心于
midw紅似. 电台从早展6 点开始播音 直持续
，一 be engaged in i
到半夜。 be preoccupied with /
②to cause to spread; pass on 传送，传染 77论 【派生】absorption /i• 吸收;专注
AIDS vims can be transmitted through blood
disturb /dist3:b/
and sexual intercourse.艾滋病毒可通过血液
【助记】dis+turb(扰乱)一>打扰
和性交传染。
v/•①to interrupt or bother (sb. or sth.)打扰 /’肌
【派生】transmission w.播送；传送，传染
sorry to disturb you so early•真抱敗，这么早就
sw itch /switj/ 来打扰你。
v. to make a change from one thing to another ② to worry or upset sb.使不安 / 如從
转变，改变，转换 Let’s switch the conversa- some bad news which disturbed me very
iiow吣 a /句fcZer (乂我们把谈话转移到一 m u c h 我听到了一些坏消息，弄得我很不安。
个较松A 的话题％。// He used to smoke ③ to change the position, arrangement, or
Camely but he switched.他迚去一 A 吸“路貌” order of sth. 弄乱 /fc papers
•166.on des/c.他弄乱了我桌上的文件。 to? 你订阅 了哪些报纸？
【派生】disturbance/i.打扰;心神不安；混乱 (Dto agree with or support (an opinion, the-
ory, etc.)同意 ft’s noi an opinicm / fem/ 《〇
bore /bo：/
吣. 我不太赞同这个观点。
vt. ®to make (sb.) tired and annoyed by being
③ to belong to or support sth. by paying
uninteresting or too much the same 使厌烦
money regularly S Sh How much did you
Don't bore me with this kind of boring jokes!
subscribe to the Hope Project?你为希望工租
别再说这种无聊的笑话来烦我！
捐赠了多少钱？
②钻（孔） People can bore a hole in wood to
/ire.人们可以钻木取火。 adhere /ad'hie/
/i• 令人讨厌的人（或事） a is/他真 【助记】ad(加强）+here(黏附)一►黏附
令人讨厌！ vi* (Dto stick fast to sth.; stay attached 卜to)黏附
【派生】boring a•单调乏味的/i•钻孔，打孔// bored Soft snow adheres to the b7xmches.松故的白
a.无聊的，无趣的// boredom w.厌烦，厌倦 雪黏附在树枝上。
② to act in the way that is required by a
keen /ki：n/
rule, belief, promise, etc.坚 持 ，遵循 77吻/
a. ① very excited about and interested in sth.
failed to adhere to our original agreement.
(〜tm)热心的，渴望的【同eager】尬叫/ pamite
他们未能遵守我们原来的协议。
are keen to send / on sending their children to
©to remain devoted to or be in support of
besi sctoote.许多父母亲热衷于把他们的
sth•支持 He adheres to the political party.
孩子送往最好的学校。
他支持这个政党。
② (of a sense) highly developed; sensitive 敏
【用法】adhere和其名词adherence总是与介同to
说的 Dogs have a keen sense of smell.徇有
连用。
十分灵敏的嗅觉。
【派生】adherence /!•信奉，坚持
③ (of activity or feeling) intense 激烈的 a /ceen
/〇〇怂a// rrwUcfe —场激烈的足球比赛 attribute /©'tribjurt/ vt, /aetribjuit/ n.
④ having a fine, sharp cutting edge or point 【助记】at(to)+tribute(给予)— 把…归于
锋利的 The ra之or has a very keen edge.这 vt. to believe or say that a situation or event is
把剃刀有锋利的口。 caused by sth.(〜如）把…归因于 people’s
success can be attributed to hard work and
acute /e'kjuit/
a bit of luck.很多人的成功都可以归于勤奋加
a. ①of great importance or consequence; criti-
上一点儿运气。
cai 严重的 There is an acute .shortage of
/I.属 性 / one 〇/ mo对 impoWaw/
water in the remote areas in western Chi-
aWriimtes m a 仏ac/^er.当教师最重要的一个
n a 中国西部的偏远地区严重缺水
品性就是要有耐心。
②敏 锐的【同 keen】 aw ser脱 〇/ smeW
灵敏的嗅觉 // Sherlock Holmes was a man contribute /kantribju:t/
〇/ acute 歇洛克•福尔摩斯是个观 【助记】con(共同）+tribute(给予)一►捐献
察力敏锐的人。 v. ®to give money, help, ideas etc. to sth. that
③ extremely sharp or severe; intense 急性的 a lot of other people are also involved in 捐献
acute pain M 痛 【同 donate】阶 a m 柄 /ood and
④ narrowly pointed; sharp 尖的 cm clothes to the suffered.我们应该捐糟食品和
尖尖的叶子 衣物给那些灾民。
② to help to cause sth. to happen (〜切）促成
subscribe /sabskraib/
Plenty of fresh air contributes io good health.
【助记】sub (under) +scribe (写）一►写下订单一► 订购
多呼吸新鲜空气对健康有益。
v. ®to pay money to get a publication or ser-
③ to submit for publication 投稿 He often
vice regularly (〜仞}订阅 Wfeaf newspapers
contributes to the magazine.他泛常给杂怎
•167.投稿。 倡 Extremists were openly advocating vio-
【派生】contribution 捐款；投稿；贡 献 // contrib 极端主义者公开鼓吹使用暴力
utor w. 投稿者； 捐助者 /I. 提倡者,拥护者 77iis is a
o/j^sowr^/brm.这位法官是监狱改革的坚决
专四真题
拥护者。
Psychologists agree that I.Q. contributes
only about 20 percent of the factors that tradition /tra.dijan/
determine success. n.①传统 It is a tradition that the young look
译文：心理学家一致认为，智商在决定成功的因 qfte〗' the old in their fam ily.在他们家，年轻的
素中只占约20% 照顾年长的是一个传统。
②惯例，规矩 ft /wid a 以 in our
pressure /pre J a/ house to stay up all night at New Year.在
【助记】press(压）+ure— 压•力 新年时守夜已成了我们家的惯例。
tt• ①压（力） Not all students w〇7ic well under 【派生】traditional a• 按照传统的，传统的
pr烈s w m 不是所有学生都能在压力之下很好地
advertise /aedvataiz/
学习。
©强制，压迫 //e c/wm供d fois mirid imder 执6 v•① to cause people to notice sth. 公布八私
pressure from his parents.他在父母的逼迫 unwise of them to advertise their willing
之下改变了主意a ness to make concessions at the negotia-
他们宣扬愿意在谈判中让步，这是不明智的。
vt. to force or try to force, as by influence or
② to call the attention of the public to a
persuasion对…施加压力，说服/)〇对7 如 2/〇2^-
self be pressured into making a hasty deci-
product or business 做广告 “ 2/cm 欲 to
sion.不要勉强自己仓促做出决定 sell your product^ you must advertise it. 如
果你要推销自己的产品，你就必须做广告。//
community /kamjuimti/
Have you tried that new shampoo they've
n.①社区 The local community is stiU reliant been on 7Y? 你试过他们一直在
cm 從.当地社区仍然依赖 电视上做广告的那种新洗发液吗？
传统产业。 【派生】advertisement /!•广告 // advertising w•广
② 团体 He ?，efuses to join any community. 告宣传,广告业
他不参加任何团体。
③ 群 落 分 Zca/ cowrmmi⑼生物群落
agency /eid3ansi/
【助记】ag(to do)+ency(表机构)—代理处
sponsor /sponsa/ w . ①代理行6awAer’s 银行代理行
n .发起者，赞助者 The presidency campaign needs ②专业行政部门 are mar^/
lots of sponsors.患统免迭^需要很多的资助者 agencies in the United Nations.联合舀有许
vt• ①发起，主办 The meeting was spons〇7'ed by 多专门机构。
76 cowwYries.此次会议是由16个国家发起召
专四真题
开的。
“If you weren’t happy with your treatment,
② 资助 It is a pity that he doesn’t have enough
you can write to this agency.”
money to sponsor the project 遣德的！他没有足
译文：“如果你对今天的遭遇不满，可以给这个部
够的钱来资助这项计划
门写信投诉。”
③ 支待 Eight senators sponsored legislation
to slop the military funding. 8 位参议员 k
agent /eid38nt/
持立法停止军事拨款。
n•①代理商 I booked my holiday througk the
advocate /'aedvakeit/ v. /aedvakit/ n. 以收的认我是由本地的旅游代理商预
【助记】ad(to)+voc(喊叫）+ate(使)一►大声呼吁一► 提 先安排的度假事宜。
倡 ② 政府代表a 税务官
vr. to speak，plead, or argue in favor of 拥护，提 ③ a person or thing that causes sth. to
•168happen HI Rain and frost are natural n•①转变 A sudden shift of the wind indicated
zioc/这.雨和霜都是腐 a coming storm. 风向急示着暴风雨即将到来：
蚀岩石的自然因素。 轮或换)班 The night shift arrives at 6 〇’•
④ 剂 千 燥 削 doc/c.夜班工人6 点来
专四真题
display /dispiei/
【助记】dis+play(玩)—“陈列”好玩的东西 Whatever the reaction to the birth of a
v/•① to present to view; cause to be seen 陈 child, it is obvious the shift from the role
列，展览 A new kind of car was displayed of husband to that of a father is a difficult
in 商店里展出一种新汽车 task.
②to give evidence of; manifest or reveal S 译文：不论对孩子的出生反应如何，很显然，从丈
示 She displayed great self-control when she 夫到父亲的角色转换是一项艰巨的任务，
toard执^ wew;s.听到那则消息时她表现出极
大的自制力。 campaign /kaempein/
w . ①陈列，展览cm 正在展览中 【助记】camp(阵营）+aign-►战役
®显示a display of courage裏示电勇气 /I•①series of planned activities with a particular
social, commercial or political aim 运动 TTte
exhibit /〖gzibit/
government has launched a campaign to
v/•① to show outwardly; display S exhibit
crack down on smuggling.政府已经：足动
calmness and alertness 表现沉着机敏 一场打击走私的活动
②展览【同 display】57?右 /ierpainNw供
②敌役 The campaign to seize the city was
a尤owr sc/iooi她在我们学校展览她的绘画 攻占这个城市的战役失败了。
n.展览 m Many children are especially inter- V/. to engage in an operation planned to achieve
ested in dinosaur exhibits.许多孩子对 & 尼 a certain goa丨参加或发起运动，参加竞选i/e
展莧特别感兴趣。
hasn't decided whether to campaign for the
【派生】exhibitor it•展出厂商
他尚未决定是否参加参议员的竞选
household /*haush9uld/ assume /8'sju：m/
【助记】house(房屋)+hold(拥有)— 拥有房屋的“家 【助记】as(to)+sume(拿，取)— 取一种观点一► 假定
庭" vt. ®to think that sth. is true or probably true
n•家庭 Many poor hou名eholds are experiencing without knowing that it is true 假定【同 pre-
real hardship.很多贫穷家庭正经历严重的洱难 sume】 We must assume him to be innocent
cr. ① 家 用 的 appWawces家用电器
until he is proved guilty. 尚未证实他有 U ，
②家喻户晓的 77^ prodwcZ
就得假定他是清白的，
that its name became a household word.这 ©to begin (a role, duty, eta) as a job or respon-
一产品非常成功，其名称已经家喻户晓。
sibility 担任 /fe respcmsift以以沒
【派生】householder"• 住户，房主 for planning and preparing the picnic•他
承担起计划和准备野餐的责任。
shift /Jift/
【派生】assumption fi•假定
【助记】电脑键盘上的shift键—转换
V. ®to move or transfer from one place or po- bound /baund/
sition to another $1 ^ More worker's shift a. ©very likely or certain to do or to be sth.—
from manufacturing towards service Indus- 定的，必然的77祕 marriage o w 你^ 〇/
/ries.更多的工人从制造业转向服务业
money is bound to bi'eak up.建主在金
②to change or to cause sth. to change to 础上的婚姻是肯定要破裂的。
a different opinion, belief, etc•转变 /fe fried ②required by law or duty to do sth•受约束的
to shift the media’s attention away from
I feel bound to tell you that you’re drink-
/办私isswe.他设法转移传媒对这个问题的关注。 iw众too im/冰. 我觉得有必要跟你说，你酒喝得
•169太多了。 cancel /*kaensdl/
③准备到…去 的 7M s (rain is bozmrf /or v/•① to give up a planned activity, event, etc.
Sha7ighai.这列火车是开往上海的。 取消 The comedy was canceled after just
v i.①跳跃 He bounded up the wide steps with 执r從印2•洲des.这部喜剧才演了三集就被取消了。
v切or.他精神十足地跳上一级级的宽台阶。 ②t o offset 抵消 77奶e ar仍 ccmce/ eacfo
②弹回 Rubber balls can be made to bound. o^i^roz^.这些争论彼此势均力敌。
可以使橡皮球弹回。 ③ to cross out with lines or other markings
vt.给…划界 The US is bounded in the north by M 掉 I cancelled many unnecessary w〇7ris
Caworfcr.美国北面与加拿大接壤： in 我把原稿中许多不需要的
n. ①跳跃 Tom made progress in math by 字删了。
teaps (md 汤姆数学进步飞快。
postpone /psustpaun/
②[常 p/.]限制 ra//cir^ permi收d
【助记】post(后）+pone(放)— 放到后面—推迟
classroom as long as it is kept within
vA 推迟【同 delay】 Foi/ /md pos
如wmte.只要是有1%度，在教室里谈话是允许的。
【短语j be bound up in热衷于，忙于// know no ing a decision until you have more ivfor-
你最好在获取更多信息后再做决定。
bounds 不知限M // be bound up with 与…
有密切关系
contract /kontraekt/ n. /ksn'traekt/ v.
【派生】boundless a.无边际的
【助记】con(共同）+tract(拉，拽)— “合同”将双方拉
undoubted 八八 ndautid/ 到一起
n.合同 A verbal contract isn’t worth the paper
【助记】un(不）+doubt(怀疑）+ed—► 毋庸置疑的
“’s c m . 口头协定连一张纸都不如。
无疑的，肯定的，毋庸置疑的77祕肌0!；^ 0似萝
v. ①to become smaller or narrower 缩小【反 ex
Stone was an undoubted success.电影（氨狂
pand】 施 ^^ ⑺输⑽ 切/i^n ⑽以 np co/d•金
的石头》无疑是成功的。
属遇冷收缩。
vain /vein/ ©to make an agreement by contract to work
a. ①that does not produce the result you want or to pay sb. to work 订合同 77泌2/
徒 劳 的 介 is min to似加.抵抗是徒劳无 to build the new bridge.他们签订合同造新的
用的。 桥梁。
②too proud of your own appearance, abili- ③to become ill with (a disease)感染 J con-
ties or achievements 自负的 Afany tracted a cold.我得了感 f
are vain a6ow//o/ too/cs. 许多女演员对 【派生】contractor /!•承包商 // contraction w•缩
自己的外貌颇为自负。 小；缩略字
【短语】in vain徒然，甶费力
专四真题
delivery /di.iivan/ Family members of infected people and
n. ®the act of taking sth. to a person or place medical workers who care for them have
投递 The firm stopped free home delivery. been most likely to contract the illness.
公司停止了免费送货上门的服务3 译文：患者的家庭成员和照料病人的医护人员感
② 投递的邮件 //〇从 soon ccm cte- 染此疾病的几率最大:，
/加我们多久能收到邮件？
③ the act or process of giving birth 分娩 A/rs. compromise /'kompramaiz/
Howell had an easy delivery.象也尔欠欠分 【助记】com(共同)+promise(保证)一►相互保证—妥协
娩顺利。 /I. a settlement of differences in which each
④ the way sb. says sth. officially or publicly side makes concessions 妥协 j bad com
演讲(风格） Fbwr sp從cfc is promise is better than a good lawsuit. 吃亏
you’ll have to work on your delivery.你的 的和解好过胜利的诉讼。
演讲很有趣，但你还得在演说技巧上下功夫。 vi. to give up sth. that you want in order to
•170-reach an agreement We can not com- 你把我弄得很尴尬。
on swcfo仏我们不能接受这样的 ② difficult to use or handle 难操纵的. aw
条件而和解。 machine不易操作的机器
vt. to expose sth. to risk or danger S com- ③ not graceful; lacking skill 不灵巧的，笨拙的
promise sb.’s reputation 损害某、的名香 The little child is still awkward with his
【派生】uncompromising fl•不妥协的，坚定的 c/zopsrtcfcs.那个小孩用筷子还不太熟练。
【派生】awkwardly ew/•笨拙地，不熟练地
complain /kamplein/
【助记】com(共同)+plain(捶胸口 )一♦ •一起捶胸顿足一► behave /bi'heiv/
诉苦 vi••① to act in a particular way 表现 Tom 6卜
vi. to express dissatisfaction, resentment, an- haved awfully during his first date. 汤姆第
noyance, etc.抱怨；投诉 DonY o/w;a2/s ccwi- 一次约会时表现得差劲极了。
plain; remember this: no pains, no gains. ②to function, react, or move in a particular
别总是抱怨个不停，记住：一分耕耘，一分收获。 vmy 运转 How is the new car behaving?新
// I shall complain to the manager about 车的性能怎么样？
the bad quality of the furniture. A 要向经:理 vt. to act in an acceptable way; act properly (-
控诉家具质量低劣。 oneself)检点（自己的）行为 The children do not
【派生】complaint u• 怨言，投诉 know how to behave themselves decently.小
孩子不懂得怎样举止得体。
wage /weid3/
{派生】behavior /i• 举止，行为
n. [常 /?/•】工资 Wages are higher in service
Omtes in 服务业的工人工资 spoil /spoil/
比工业领域的要高。 v/•①to damage or ruin sth.损坏 77^ ⑺如
vt. to engage in (a war or campaign, e.g.)开始 has spoilt the flowers in the park.这择:k 雨
People are beginning to wage war on pol- 把公园里的花全淋坏了。
iwrton.人们开始向污染宣战。 ®to give (sb., such as a child) everything that
he or she wants 宠坏 77祕 cfoi/d 似句x)你
respective /rispektiv/
by 这个孩子被他的爷爷给惯坏了。
a. relating to two or more persons or things re-
vL to decay or lose freshness esp. because of
garded individually 各自的 AM men ftaue 执
being kept too long (食物）变质 spoite
ch^ies.各人有各人的职责。
more quickly without preservatives.不加防
【用法】respective后接复数名词。
腐剂，肉会坏得更快。
gloomy /giu：mi/ /i. [/?/.】战利品.sftare你^ spoifc分駐
a. ① sad or depressed
responsible /risponsibi/
忧 郁 的 ，•令 人 沮 丧 的
【助记】re(back)+spons(约定）+ible—能遵守约定
Anne dismissed these
的—有责任感的
gloomy thoughtsfrom
① having the job or duty of dealing with or
/^r 安规驱散
taking care of sth. or sb.需负责任的 77说 po
了脑海中那些令人沮
lice 似它 ？ 它印〇 似你 te /or 执e 〇/
丧的念头。
public orde)* and secitrity.警察有责任维护公
②somewhat dark 昏暗的 a 分/ room 阴
共秩序和安全。
暗的房间
② able to be trusted or depended upon;
【派生】gloom w.黑暗；忧郁
trustworthy or reliable有责任感的，可靠的Wfe
awkward /*〇：kwad/ should give the job to a responsible person.
我们应将该工作委托给一个有责任感的人。
【助记】发音：“拗口的不灵巧的
©involving important duties, independent de-
a. ① making you feel embarrassed 尴 尬 的
cision-making责任重大的，重要的A/r.
You’ve put me in a very awkward position.
•171 •held a responsible position.马奇先支担任过 grief /gri：f/
要职 n. B 伤•，悲伤的事 Friendships multiply joys
【派生】responsibility /I•责任；职责 // irresponsible aiw/ divide 友谊增进欢乐，分担忧愁
不负责任的，不可靠的 【短语】come to grief失败，遭受不幸AW fois Z仏
tle schemes for making money seem to
guilty /giiti/
com^ to 他为赚钱而耍的花招儿看来都
a .①conscious of or suffering from a sense of
要失敗。
guilt 內疚的 I felt guilty qfter breaking my
【派生】grieve v• 感到悲痛；使伤心
promise.我违背诺言后感到内疚。
② having broken a law or disobeyed a rule affection /efekjan/
有 罪 的 在 法 庭 上 认 罪 n. a gentle feeling of fondness or liking 喜爱
【派生】guilt w.有罪；内疚 Theodore Roosevelt had a great affection for
西奥多•罗斯福非常喜爱幼熊
private /praivit/
【派生】affectionate a•深情的，爱的
a .① designed or intended for one’s exclusive
use私人的a prim仏 —封私信 incline /inklain/
2)秘密的【同 secret】 Dow’/ 【助记】in+cline(倾斜)一► 使倾斜
you to anyone，it’s private.不要告诉糾人A v. ®to bend forward or to cause sth. to bend
告诉你的事，这是保密的 forward (使）倾斜 //e indiwed f以
③ belonging to a particular person or group speaAer to以 狀 more ctear/从他朝讲话者倾
私立的private school私立学校 过身去以便听得更清楚些。
w. 士兵 private 列兵，二等兵 ©to cause sb. to want to do sth. or to be
【短语】in private在私下，秘密地 likely to do sth.(使H顷 向 于 凡 ― 价 祕 to
【派生】privacy /!• 隐私；私下 sleepiness in spring.春天 1 人们容易犯 IS II
His attitude did, not incline me to help
addict /aedikt/ n. /e'dikt/ vt.
他的态度使我不想帮助他。
【助记】add(增加）+ict— 欲S 不断增加—使成瘾
n. 斜坡a ste印 陡 坡
n. K 迷的人 He has been an ice hockey addict.
【派生】inclination /f•倾斜;趋向；爱好
他一直是个冰上曲棍球迷。
vt. to cause to be physiologically or psychologi- mislead /.mis'ii：d/
cally dependent 使成瘾 77说 c/ii/dreM are ad- 【助记】mis(bad)+lead(引导)—误导
dicted to computer games.孩子们对电脑游戏 v/•① to cause sb. to believe sth. that is not
上了瘛。 true 使误解 You misled me about your in-
【用法】addict为及物动間，用于主动结构时，其宾语 你误导我，让我对你的意图信以为真
为反身代词：〜oneself to (doing) sth.，其中to ② to lead in the wrong direction 把…带错路
为介㈣.后接名词或动名词a We were misled by the guide.向导给A 们弓\
【派生】addiction /z.沉溺，瘾 错了路。
③ 把…带坏 /fe ims minted ⑽ fcis compan
imply /implai/
ion. 他被伙伴们带坏了。
【助记】ini(in)+ply(折脅)一►意思叠在里面一♦ •暗示
【用法】过去式、过去分词misled。
w. to express or state indirectly 暗示 //is si/ewce
⑽. 他的城默暗含着愤怒。 fury /fjuen/
-----
【一言辨异】imply，infer n. ① violent anger; rage He flew into a
fury when I said I couldn’t help him、 U A
The speaker or toriter imply what they
说不能帮助他时，他立刻暴跳如雷
mean, the listener or reader infer what are
②wild and dangerous force 狂暴，猛烈 taw
mecrrU.言者或作者暗示他们意在说明的意思，
the fury of the storm lessened.队各的猛致
听者或读者推断其所要表达的含义。
t 程度终于降低了。
•172.【派生】furious a•狂 怒 的 ；猛烈的 patch /paetj/
n•①补 了 Jeans with patches cU the knees are
alcohol /'aelkehDl/
corisirfered gwite 膝盖上有补丁
n•酒精 The doctor told me to keep off alcohol.
的牛仔裤被视为相当新潮
医生叫我滴酒不沾。
② 斑 〇/ siiwZ切/以曰光斑驳
【派生】alcoholic a• 酒 精 的 /!•酗酒者
③ 一小块地a /minp/cin pa/c/i —小块南瓜地
lounge /Iaund3/ vt. to cover a hole in sth. with a piece of ma-
/i.休息厅toim分e car [美](火车客车上的）休息车 teria丨修补 77紀 co/tar on coaZ 从om
厢 thin, so I must patch it.表大衣的领千已经
v/• ①(嫩散地）躺 on /以 so/cr躺在沙发 磨薄了，所以我得补一补。
上 【短语】patch up解决(爭吵等);修补S k gone on
②to pass time idly 闲逛 //e ims vacation with her husband to try to patch up
anmnd a/Z da".他只是整天闲逛 执eir marric^re她跟她丈夫度假去了，以补救他们
的婚姻
ward /w〇：d/
amend /amend/
n .①病房an isolation wcnxl满离病房
② （城市的 > 区 are执ree cam/ida仏s vt. to correct or make small changes to sth.
standing for election in this w ard.这个区 that is written or spoken 修订*77紀 co似汾衫-
里有3 名候选人参加竞选。 tion was amended in 1920 to give women
③ 受览乂 She invested the money on be- 心 W分似to vote.美国宪法于1920年修订，赋
/^/ 〇/ K；ard. 她代表受她监护的人投资 予妇女投票权。
vt. to protect or defend yourself, against danger, n. [pL丨赔偿 The new law offers no amends to
illness, attack, etc. 防止 Z^’s 的/ ^ w;ard 0/ crime. 新的法律不对犯罪受害者给
说 any po加 Ka/ 似•我们还是尽量避 予赔偿。
免任何可能出现的问题吧。 【派生】amendment u• 修改，修正
【短语】ward off防止，避开
treaty /tri：ti/
industrialize/-ise /m'dAstnaiaiz/ 【助记】treat(处理）+7->处理问题的文件—协定
【助记】industrial (丁•业的）+ize (…化 )— 工业化 n. a formal written agreement between two or
V. (使）工业化77於on/,2/切a?/ com- more nations 条约，协定 77说 re-
pete with the west is to industrialize.我们 0/ fern分w印o“ah:on. 这项条约是长时间谈
要跟西方竞争的唯一途径就是实现工业化。// 判的结果3
industrialize an agvicultuml region
inherit /inherit/
地区工业化
【助记】in+herit(继承)— 继承
【派生】industrial a•工 业 的 // industrialist w.工业家
v/•① to receive money, property etc. from sb.
counsel /kaunsal/ after they have died 继承 57祕 以论
/i.①律师 77紹 cowrf kard 你右 coimsd/or 60/办 tend /rom 认er. 她从祖父那里继
法庭听取了双方律师的陈述 承了这块土地。
He 7'efused to listen to the old man’s (Dto have the same character or appearance
② 劝 告
他招不听从老人的劝告 as your parents经遗传而得（性格或特征）//e
v/. to give advice to sb. 提议 77说 doctor cown- inherited his father’s bad temper•他继承 7
sel(l)ed operating at once• 医生^建议立即动手禾
他父亲的坏脾气。
【短语】keep one’s own counsel将意见（或计划） 【派生】inheritance it• 继承；继承物
保密
heir /ea/
【派生】counselor n• 顾问，律师
【助记】发音：“儿啊”―儿子当然是“继承人”了
•173.n.继承 X The King’s eldest son is the heir to 的 They have been negotiating a bilateral
执rcme.国王的长子是王位的继承人。 他们一直在商谈一项双边贸易协定
【派生】heiress n•女继承人
vote /vaut/
heritage /hentid3/ /i•①选票 They were up all night counting the
n .遗产、传统 Eyery generation has the duty to 1；0化5.他们通宵计算选票。
pass down heritage of knowledge from the ②投票•，表决结果 Let’s put it to the vote. AU
post每一代人都有责任把过去继承的知识传 those in favor raise your hands.让我们投
下去。 票表决，赞成的举手。
v. to express a choice or an opinion 选举，投票
council
/kaunsal/
In 1918 British women got the 7*ight to
/i.委员会，理 事 会 CownciZ联合国安理会
vote. 1918年，英国妇女获得了选举权。//77祕
// The council will not permit you to build
football team have voted me their new
委员会不会允许你们在这一带搞建筑3
captoin.足球队投票选我为新队长:
【派生】voter /i• 投票人，表决者
bilateral
/bailsstaral/
a. involving two groups or countries 双边的，双方
•174.典型考题精练
1. If you don’t _______ the children properly, Mr. Smith, they'll just run riot.
A. mobilize B. warrant C. manipulate D. supervise
2. Mike just discovered that his passport had _______ three months ago.
A. abolished B. expired C. amended D. constrained
3. John doesn’t believe in _______ medicine; he has some remedies of his own.
A. standard B. regular C. routine D. conventional
4. The schoolmaster the girFs bravery in his opening speech.
A. applauded B. enhanced C. elevated D. clapped
5. If a person talks about his weak points, his listener is expected to say something in the way of
A. assurance B. persuasion C. encouragement D. confirmation
6. Some crops are relatively high yielders and could be planted in preference to others to the
food supply.
A. enhance B. curb C. disrupt D. heighten
7. During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to _______ building materials to the upper
floors. •
A. toss B. tow C. hoist D. hurl
8. I have devoted four weekends to writing papers and now I feel I _______ a rest.
A. deserve B. preserve C. conceive D. receive
9. Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way for crops, but this only _______ the crisis.
A. accelerates B. prevails C. ascends D. precedes
10. His use of color, light and form quickly departed from the conventional style of his _______ as he
developed his own technique.
A. descendants B. predecessors C. successors D. ancestors
11. So far, _______ winds and currents have kept the thick patch of oil southeast of the Atlantic
coast.
A. governing B. blowing C. prevailing D. ruling
12. All the people in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons
slowly into the sky.
A. ascending B. elevating C. escalating D. lingering
13. At the party we found that shy girl _______ her mother all the time.
A. depending on B. coinciding with C. adhering to D. clinging to
14. Some diseases are _______ by certain water animals.
A. transplanted B. transformed C. transported D. transmitted
15. The writer was so _______ in her work that she didn’t notice him enter the room.
A. absorbed B. abandoned C. focused D. centered
16. However, at times this balance in nature is _______, resulting in a number of possibly unforeseen
effects.
A. troubled B. disturbed C. confused D. puzzled
17. My grandfather had always taken a _______ interest in my work, and I had an equal admiration
for the stories of his time.
A. splendid B. weighty C. vague D. keen
18. A human’s eyesight is not as _______ as that of an eagle.
•175.A. eccentric B. acute C. sensible D. sensitive
19. You should to one or more weekly magazines such as Time or Newsweek.
A. ascribe B. order C. reclaim D. subscribe
20. More than 85 percent of French Canada’s population speaks French as a mother tongue
and to the Roman Catholic faith.
A. caters B. adheres C. ascribes D. subscribes
21. The car accident was ______ to the drivers violation of the traffic regulations.
A. assigned B. contributed C. attributed D. transferred
22. Science and technology have in important ways to the improvement of agricultural
production.
A. attached B. assisted C. contributed D. witnessed
23. Mass advertising helped to the emphasis from the production of goods to their
consumption.
A. vary B. shift C. lay D. moderate
24. We have planned an exciting publicity _ with our advertisers.
A. struggle B. campaign C. battle D. conflict
25. that the demand for power continues to rise at the current rate, it will not be long
before traditional sources become inadequate.
A. Concerning B. Ascertaining C. Assuming D. Regarding
26. Children are to have some accidents as they grow up.
A. obvious B. indispensable C. bound D. doubtless
27. The thief tried to open the locked door but ______.
A. in no way B. in vain C. without effect D. at a loss
28. In spite of the economic forecast, manufacturing output has risen slightly.
A. faint B. dizzy C. gloomy D. opaque
29. Norman Davis will be remembered by many with not only as a great scholar but also as
a most delightful and faithful friend.
A. kindness B. friendliness C. warmth D. affection
30. Body paint or face paint is used mostly by men in preliterate societies in order to attract good
health or to ______ disease.
A. set aside B. ward off C. shrug off D. give away
@ 答案与译文
1. [D1史密斯先生，如果你不好好地管教孩子们，他们就会胡闹。
2. [Bj迈克刚发现他的护照三个月前就已经到期了
3. [D1约翰不相信传统医药，他有自己的治疗方法。
4. [A1在开幕词中校长表扬了那个女孩的勇敢精神
5. [CI 一个人在谈论他自身的弱点时，都期望听众能说几句鼓励性的话语。 .
6 . 丨A】有些农作物相对高产，可以优先耕种，以提高粮食供给0
7. [Cj建造摩天大楼时，用起重机将建筑材料吊上楼。
8. [A丨我已经花了 4 个星期写这些论文，现在我觉得该休息一下了。
9 . 丨A ] 为种庄稼小山坡上的树木被清理掉了，但这样做只会加剧危机。
10. |B]在提高了自己的技艺后，他在使用色彩、光和表现形式方面，很快就摆脱了前人的那些传统风
格〇
11. [C]到目前为止，盛行风和洋流仍使得厚厚的油层停留在大西洋海岸的东南方t
•176-12. [A]看到数以百计的彩色气球徐徐升上天空，体育馆里所有的人都欢呼起来
13. 丨D】在晚会上，我们发现那个害羞的女孩一直紧挨着她妈妈
14. [D] —些疾病是通过某些水生动物传播的
15. [A]这位作家如此专心于她的工作以至于未注意到他进入房间
16. [B】然而，自然界的这种平衡不时会被打破 从而导致许多可能无法预见的后果
，
17. [D】我祖父总是对我的工作有着浓厚的兴趣，我对他那个时代的经历有着同样的钦佩和羡慕
18. [B】人的视力不如鹰的视力敏锐
。
19. [D]你应该订一种或几种周刊，比如《时代周刊》或《新闻周刊》。
20. [B] 85%以上的法裔加拿大人把法语当成母语并且坚持罗马天主教的信仰
21. [C]这起交通事故是由于那位司机违反交通规则引起的。
22. [C】科学技术在许多方面对提高农业产量做出了重要的贡献
23. [B】大众广告有助于将重点从生产转移到消费。
24. [B】我们和广告商一起策划一次激动人心的宣传活动。
25. [C]假设对电力的需求继续以目前的速度增长，用不了多久传统的资源就会不够用了
26. [C]在成长的过程中，孩子们肯定会遇到一些意想不到的事情：
27. [B】那个贼试图打开上了锁的门，但却徒劳无功。
28. [C]尽管经济前景不景气，然而产量还是略有上升
29. [D】许多人会满怀爱意地记住诺曼.戴维斯，他们不仅把他当作一位伟大的学者，而且还把他当作一
个令人非常愉快的忠实朋友.
3 0 . 丨B ] 原始社会里，人们在身体上或脸上涂上油彩以保持健康，祛除疾病。
. 177.(B^mm f a
单词预习+返记
□survive □permanent □definite □spite □recruit □inflict
□desperate □sustain □instrumental □dispose □intelligent □blend
□despair □resource □delicate □disposal □brilliant □terror
□maintain □loan □tender □preserve □primitive □bleed
□volunteer □currency □precise □destruction □drawback □lump
□endure □cash □concise □region □energetic □ambulance
□harmony □deficit □recession □religion □dynamic □volume
□apt □proceed □depress □pray □enrich □cheerful
□tend □procedure □depression □preach □explore □bar
□tendency □process □relax □background □chop □apart
□visible □manufacture □superficial □diverse □carve □bronze
□vision □brand □shallow □evolve □frequency □ceremony
□horizon □commodity □eliminate □revolutionary □facilitate □hono(u)rable
□arise □guarantee □deprive □entitle □facility □semester
□arouse □contrary □regardless □privilege □transaction □dramatic
□perpetual □contrast □despite □enrol(l) □bankrupt □update
survive /saVaiv/ 失方向的人极度渴望喝到水。
【助记】sur(above)+vive(生存)一►幸存 •③having lost all hope; despairing 绝望的 Hfe
vL to remain alive or in existence 幸存 Few； had no food left at all and were getting
survived after th£ plane crash.幸兔于空难 ctespera仏. 我们一点儿食物都没了，十分绝望。
的人极少。 【派生】desperately似/•不顾一切地；绝望地// des-
vt.①从…逃出、幸免于The house survived the peration /i• 绝望；铤而走险
storm.经过暴风雨袭击，这所房屋并未倒塌
despair /dispee/
②to live longer than; outlive 比 … 活 得 长 ffe
【助记】des(away)+pair(—对)—一对情侣被分开―
survived his wife f〇7, many years.他比養千
绝望
多活好多年。
w. complete loss of hope绝望；使人绝望的人（或
【派生】survival 7i.残存；遗 物 ，遗 风 // survivor /i.
事物、 Do not abandon yourself to despair.
幸存者
不要悲观失望。
desperate /despsnt/ vi• ( 〜of、绝望 They despaired of winning the
【助记】de(away) +sper(希望）+ate—►失去希望一► 绝 分ctm^.他们不抱比赛得胜的希望。
望的
【一言辨异】disappointed, despair
a. ① willing to do anything to change a very
He was a little disappointed，but didn’t de-
bad situation, and not caring about danger
spflfr.他感到有些失望，但不至于绝望。
不顾一切的5抑^〇//>7分〇716?$771〇^6(10^5- ^— — ■ - J)
奶escape几名囚犯孤注一掷企 maintain /meintein/
图逃亡。 vt ®to make sth. continue at the same level,
©having a strong need or desire for sth. or standard, etc. 维持 Wi? need to cto cwtegwate
to do sth.极 想 望 的 77祕 man to对 i n 执e exercises to maintain our health.为 了保持
desert was desperate for water 健康，我们要适当运动。
• 在 沙 漠 中 迷
•178② to keep in a condition of good repair ora pt /sept/
efficiency 维修 77吻/ ateo fedp ws to a•① having a natural tendency; inclined 易于 77^
toin macfoiner?/.他们还帮助我们维修机器〇 former world heavyweight boccing champion,
③ to strongly express your belief that sth. is Tyson, is apt to get irritable.世界 重量级•
true坚持【同claim】 S/ie maintoi似 执 ⑹ 如 ac- 拳击冠军泰森很爱发怒。
ci^so^ion私众rcmndtess. 她坚持该指控是毫无 ② exactly suitable; appropriate 适宜的 cm
根据的。 7，emark/comment恰当的话语/评论
@to provide for; support He has worked ③ quick to learn or understand 聪明的 cm
hard to maintain his family.他货力工作象 ajW s故denf聪明的学生
养家。
【辨析】表示“可能”的形容词
【派生】maintenance n• 维修；生活费
apt:暗示一种固有的或习惯的倾向，如意向、爱
volunteer /.vDianW 好和性情
liable:暗示暴露在某种危险面前，强调存在偶然
【助记】volunt(自磁）+eer(表人)一► 志愿者
性而不是可能性
n .志愿者，• 志M兵 The office is staffed by un-
likely:强调可能，指未来，带有预言的含义
paid voizmteers. 这个办公室的工作人员都是 ^------------------- -------------------^
志愿者。
tend /tend/
v. 自 M(做、 Some g?，aduates have volunteered to
vi. ®to be likely to do sth. or to happen in a
work in poor mountain areas. 一些毕业生
particular way because this is what often
自愿到贫困山区工作 ///饥)fwr^ered
happens 往往会 So騰 peopte to
as a 於 我 自 告 奋 勇 去 当 教 师 。
best under stress.有些人处在压力下往往千得
【派生】voluntary a• 自愿的；自发的
最出色。
endure /m'djua/ ② to have one particular quality or feature
v•①to put up with; tolerate 忍受 Js 执如 more than others 趋向，倾向 (end
women’s ability to endure pain is better towards the extreme.他的观点超于偏漱。
《/law men’s ? 女人忍受痛苦的能力比男人强，这 v/. to have the care of; watch over; look after
是真的吗？ 照管 Mother being iU， he had to tend her
②to carry on through, despite hardships 持 说 t o m e 母亲病了，他得在家照料。
久 They vowed that their love would endure
tendency /tendensi/
/or eyer.他们信誓旦旦，要让他们的爱情地久
【助记】tend(趋向）+ency—►趋向
天长。
/i.趋向 There is an increasing tendency for
【用法】 | sth.
women to have children later in life•现在
endure + < to do sth.
有一种趋势，越来越多妇女较晚才生孩子。
(v• 忍受）(doing sth.
【派生】endurance /i• 忍耐；耐力// endurable仏可 visible /Vizabi/
忍耐的 【助记】vis(看）+ible(可…的）一► 可见的
a• 看得见的，有形的【反invisible】 This star is not
harmony /'ha： mam/
to ^ na/ced 这颗星星肉眼看不见。
n. a relationship in which various components
【派生】visibility /i• 可见性，可见度
exist together without destroying one another
和谐，一致【反 disharmony】77祕 〇/ sea vision /vi3sn/
and sky makes a beautiful picture.欠海和天 n. ①a mental image produced by the imagina-
空和谐交融，构成一幅美丽的图画。
tion想象（力），幻想构/ tor^r term vision is
【短语】in harmony (with)(与…）协调一致，（与
to分祝my P/i.Z).拿博士学位是我长期的梦想c
…）和睦相处 //fc icteos no /on分er in fear-
②eyesight 视力 a pez/ec/Zpoor 咖 /ori 非常好/
mony with those of his friends•他和他肋友
Ji的视力// beyond one’s vision在视野之外，
们的想法不再一致了。
看不见的
•179【派生】visual a• 视觉的// visionary 有远见的； vt. ®to make sth. continue for some time with-
空想的 out becoming less 保持，维持【同 maintain】77^
teacher tried hard to sustain the children's
horizon /haraizan/
irUere说老师努力去保持孩子们的兴趣
w•①地平线 / am/d a sfcip an Zfe? feorteon.
② to provide enough of what sb. or sth.
我可以看见一艘轮船出现在地平线上
needs in order to live or exist 供养，维持（生
®\pl.] the range of one's knowledge, experi-
命等） He had to sustain a whole fam ily.他
ence，or interest 眼界 warrow; poZ?:以ca/ Ziori-
不得不养活一大家子。
zons 成浪的政治 JJi 解■ // Science gives us a
③ to support a weight without breaking or
AoWaion.科学为我们开拓了新的视野。
falling支撑，承受 The ice will not sustain
【短语】on the horizon即将发生的
2/owr 这冰承受不了你的体重
【派生】horizontal a•水 平 的 ；平坦的
④ 经受，遭受【同 suffer】 sustain losses 蒙受
arise /aVaiz/ 损失
W•① to come into being 出现汾歸 专四真题
/wire arisen. —些意外的困难出现了 ：
Some of her clients* sales have declined,
② to occur as a result of (〜/rom)(由…）引起
but she’s found new clients and improved
Accidents usually arise from carelessness.
efficiencies to help sustain the company^
事故的发生往往由疏忽大意引起。
double-digit growth.
③ to get up; rise 起身 / arose 汉i/<2/ in
译文：有些客户的销量已经下滑，但她又找到了
morwir设.我每天早上起得很早
新的客户，并且提高了生产效率以确保公司产值
保持两位数的增长。
arouse /a'rauz/
v/.①to give rise to (e.g. a feeling); stir up 激起
resource /n's〇：s/
The odd sight aroused our curiosity.奇怪的
【助记】re (again) +source (源泉）— 可•一鮮利用的源
景象激起了我们的好奇心。
泉一> 资源
②to awaken (sb.) from sleep 唤醒 77^ cfoiW
w•① [/?/.]资源，财力 77^ Z)印 〇/ //wman
aroW5ed /r*om wap. 孩子被从睡梦中
Resources is an important department in
叫醒。
many big companies.、力资源部是许多欠公
perpetual /papetjuel/ 司的一个重要部门。
【助记】per(through) +pet(追寻）+ual->—直追寻下 © a means that can be used to cope with a
去一^永丨旦的 difficult situation 应付办法 /md wo Wfoer
a. ① lasting forever 永恒的 Do you believe in resource but to wait and see•我们除 了 观望
perpetual love in this secular world?在■这个 之外没有其他办法。
世俗的世界你还相信有天长地久的爱情吗？ 【派生】resourceful a•资 源 丰 富 的 ；机敏的
②never-ending 没完没了的 M n a ’s 而Z
moaning nearly drove me Triad.尼娜没完没
n .货款 Now，it is common for young couples
了的抱怨几乎把我逼疯了。
to apply f〇7* a loan to buy houses.现在，年
permanent /*p3：man9nt/ 轻夫妇申请贷款购房的现象很普遍
【助记】per(through)+man(停留）+ent——直停留 叱借出【同丨end】 These works of art are too brit
在原处—永久的 tle to be loaned out for exhibitions. 达姿艺
a. lasting or remaining without essential change 术品太容易损坏，不能借出去展览
永久（性）的，固定的We a// tope /or pmrnx- 【短语】on loan哲借的（地）
neM/ peace.大家都希望永久的和平。
currency /kAransi/
sustain /sa'stein/ /i•①the system or type of money that a coun-
【助记】sus+tain(保持)一►保持 try uses 货币 7b some ea，仏⑹， 〇/
•180.a nation’s currency is a reflection of its to achieve a particular result 过程，进程 77災
etxmom?/. —个国家的货币价值在某种程度上反 job is not finished but is still in pivcess.
映了该国的经济状况。 工作还没完成不过仍在进行过程中。
©the state of being accepted or used by a ② 工序，制 作 法 a car is a /〇?1分
lot of people通行，流行，被接受77紹 process.制造一辆小汽车有很长的工序。
has received wide currency.这一论A 得到广 ③ I法律）程序 This process ought to be high
泛接受。 ly sophisticated•达个程序 应该 先非常 t 柒的。
vt. (Dto treat raw material, food, etc. in order to
Cash /kaej/
change it, preserve it, etc.加工 Brazil be
rt. money in the form of coins or notes rather
gan importing soybeans to process at
than cheques, credit cards etc.现款 I have
Ziome. 巴西开始进口大豆在国内加工
no cash on me. May I pay by credit card?
(Dto deal officially with a document, request,
我没带现金，可以用信用卡付款吗？
etc.处理 Your application for a mortgage
vt. to exchange for or convert into ready money
is fte/n夕 從 d. 你申请抵押贷款的事正在
把…兑现 / iwrwter / ccm cosfo a cfe叫we
办理中
我想知道我能否在这儿兑换支票。
【派生】processor /!•处理器 // microprocessor w.
【短语】cash in o n 靠…赚钱// cash down用现金
微处理器
支付
【用法】“付现金”是pay in cash,但表示“用支票支
付”时,介词用by。
【派生】cashier n•出纳员
deficit /defisit/
【助记】de(向下）+fic(make)+it—►收入不断下滑，入
不敷出—亏损
n. the amount by which a sum of money falls 【助记】manu(手)+fact(做）+ure—►制造
short of the required or expected amount 赤 vt. 制造 AU those underground plants that
字，亏损 The financial deficit of the USA is manufacture pirated CDs must be closed
now even more serious than Japan.美国现 所有制造盗版光盘的地下工厂都必须查封
在的财政赤字比日本要严重得多n /i. [/?/•]制造；制造品 CosZ
o/manw/cfc/wre.成本将决定制造方法
proceed /pra'siid/
【助记】pro(forward)+ceed(走）一►进行 brand /braend/
vi. ®to go forward or onward, esp. after an in- /i•商标的牌子 WTwiY 〇/ soap do 2/cm /ite?
terruption; continue 进行，继续下去阶 a m 你喜欢什么牌子的肥皂？
now proceed to the main business of the v/•① to mark with a hot iron, as to show own-
我们现在可以进入会议的主要议程： ership 打恪印于 On 6句 ca似e are
② to make one’s way 行进 car brofce 在大农场里，牲畜身上通常都
down halfway and he had to proceed home 打上烙印。
(m/oo£.他的车半路抛锚了，他只得步行回家。 (Dto consider or label as disgraceful or in-
famous 加污名于 ft’s wr^air to brawd a//
procedure /pr8'sid39/
： footbaU Jans as t7vublemakers.把所有的味迷
n. a way of doing sth., esp. the correct or usual
都当成闹事者是不公平的。
way 程序，步骚 Registering for marriage is
no longer a very complicated procedure in commodity /kamoditi/
C/iina在中国登记结婚不再是很复杂的程序。 【助记】com(共同）+mod(方式）+ity—► 用同一模式做
“商品”
process /'prauses/
ft.商 Sh The prices of the commodities are quite
n. ® a series of actions that are done in order 认is 今年各种物价相当稳定。
•181 •guarantee /.gaeranti:/ 确的
【助记】guar(保卫）+antee—►保证 a•① dearly defined 明确的 77we are rfe/iriik
vf. to make certain 保证 分 a restrictions on the sale of alcoholic bever-
do從以分wcmmke 2/ow a 买到火车票并 收怒.关于酒类的销售是有明确限制的
不保证你有座位。 ②certain or sure about sth. —定的 / 从似
n .保证书 Every new television should have a ve/义 cte/iwi鉍 aftowf认关于这件事我是很肯
guarantee with it.每台新电视机都应该有保 定的。
修单。 【派生】definitely orf• —定，确定 // indefinite a•不
明确的；不确定的
contrary /kontrari/
【助记】contra(相反）+ry—► 相反的 instrumental /.mstrumenti/
a. completely different or wholly opposed (〜to)相 a. ① to be important in making sth. happen
反的 Many things in our life are often in)有帮助的 Encowagemenl is more in
am/mr?/如 〇w r 從pecto以cm. 我们生活中很多 strumental for the development of children
事情经常事与愿违 你an 6ta,me鼓励比责备对孩子的成长更有帮
/I. [/fee〜]相反事物分祝 con- 油。 " Wilson was insti^imental in intro
以(?.巧得到相反的证据 ducing new methods of production.在弓1 进
【短语】on the contrary 正相反 // to the contrary 新的生产方法上，成尔逊起了很大作用。
相反的（地）
②用乐器演奏的/ music
feeder "wm vocoZ r/msic.我喜欢器乐胜于声乐
contrast /kontraist/ /i. /kan'traist/ v.
【助记】contra(相反)+st(站)一►站在相反的立场一► 对比 delicate /deiiket/
//.①a difference between people or things that
a•①easily broken or damaged 易碎的【同 fragile】
are being compared 对比，对照 and cteHcate cfeiwa精美易碎的瓷器
white shows a striking contrast.黑和白形成 ② requiring careful or tactful treatment 微妙的
明显的对比。
The current international situation is very
② sth. that is very different from another
cteMcate.当前的国际形势十分微妙。
thing悬殊差别，反 差 77祕 Wwe sfcies 〇/
③ (of a person) not strong and easily becorrv
holiday brochure were such a contrast to ing ill or sick 娇弱的 a, deKcate c/ii/d 身体娇弱
this dreary rainy March day. It假宣传手冊 的孩子
上的蓝天与这阴雨连绵的三月天构成如此大的
④ 精美的【同exquisite】a cteZimte ww/c —件精美
对比。 的作品
v/.对比，对照 Wri仏rs W/ce to con£ra对分ood 仇 【派生】delicacy /!•精致；细 微 ；美味
抑认作家喜欢用美好与邪恶形成对比。
W.卜w丨7/!)形成对比，对比之下显出区别//erosion tender /tends/
contrasts sharply with her promises.地的行 a•① easily chewed or cut 嫩的 2/cm
动与诺言相差甚远。 to try the tender beef I cooked?想尝一下 A
【短语】by/in contrast 对比之下 // in contrast to/ 做的嫩牛肉吗？
with与…对比起来 ②p ainful 疼痛的 Afy/in^r 加 der beccmse
J cmC if yes於rrfa^/.我昨天割破了手指头，一碰
【辨析】表示“比较”的动词
就疼。
compare:指为了找出两种事物或现象的异同点
③ very loving and gentle 温柔的纟emter tov-
而进行比较
iwy m r e 体贴入微的关怀
contrast:指两者之间的“对照”、“对比”，着重指
v/. to offer formally (正式）提出 Z/e 如idered a
通过两种事物或现象的对比，突出地指出不同之
letter of resignation.他正久提交了辞职信。
— ------------------ ^
vf. to make a bid for sth.(〜/or)投标仏mter/or
definite /'definit/ a ^>roj_ecf投标一项工程
【助记】de(down)+fin(范围）+ite—►定下了范围—明 /i•投标（书） a 仏mter提交投标书
•182.precise /pn’sais/ peopte oW 〇/ 1卯 欢 20世纪30年代初
【助记】pre(before)+cise(切）一► 把前面多余的东西 是美国的大萧条时期。在这时期，成千上万的工
切掉—精确的 厂倒闭，数以百万计的工人失业。
a. ©marked by exactness and accuracy of ex ③洼地，凹陷
pression or detail W precise measure-
relax /ri'laeks/
尤精确的测量/精密仪器
【助记】re(back)+lax(放松)—“放松”回原来的状态
©very careful and exact about the details of
v. (Dto relieve from tension or strain 放松
sth.严谨的 ^4 needs a precis mind.
can help you relax qfter a whole day’s hard
律师要有严谨的头脑c
— 天紧张工作之余，听听音乐能帮助你放
【派生】precision n•精确（性）a•精密的
松心情。
concise /kensais/ ② to make less severe or strict 放宽 reter
a. expressing much in few words 简明的 Fbwr re对ricrtorw放宽限制
comment is quite concise and to the point. 【派生】relaxation /i.放松；消遣
你的评论简明扼要、一 语中的3
superficial /.suipe'fijai/
recession /rise/an/ 【助记】super(above)+fici(脸）+al— 表面的
【助记】re (back)+cess (走）+ion—►向后走—衰退 a. ① concerned only with what is obvious or
/i. a period of time in which there is a decrease apparent 肤浅的 / feare
in economic activity and many people do knowledge of this subject•我对这个沔题仅略
not have jobs 衰退，袞退期 iTim- 知皮毛。
sures were taken to pull the country out of ②on the surface; not deep 表面的 77治 w
recession. 已采取各种措施使该国摆脱经济不 only superficial prosperity•这只 A 表面变荣
景气的状况。
Shallow /Jaelau/
depress /dipres/ a .①浅的s/wz/tow; im如•浅水
【助记】de(down)+press(挤压)一►按下 ©lacking depth of intellect, emotion, or knowl-
v/•① to lower in spirits 使沮丧 J was 從從d edge 浅薄的 77祕 tec如rer’s ar仍imente seemed
because someone had stolen my wallet on shallow and tedious.濱讲人的论ASM 沃薄乏味。
n•[常p/.】浅滩a ctear 清澈的浅滩
⑽ ims.我很沮丧，因为我的钱包在公共汽车上
被人偷了。
eliminate /I'limmeit/
(Dto lessen the activity or force of; weaken
【助记】e(out)+Iimin(界
削弱，使不景气WTiew business is depressed,
限）+ate —•赶出界限
there is usually an increase in unemploy-
外—排除
商业箫条时，失业通常就会增加。
vt ®to get rid of; re-
③to press down 按下 De/yress to
move 排 除 ：Kow r^a/-
rewind ^ tope.按下这个按钮倒带：
ly believe that getting
【派生】depressed仏沮丧的；不景气的；凹陷的//
drun/c a m pain? 你真的认为醉酒
depressing a• 令人沮丧的；压抑的；使降低的
能消除痛苦吗？
(Dto remove from consideration by defeating,
depression /diprejan/
as in a contest 淘汰 77
n•①a state of feeling sad 抑郁 ami more
imted in /frsf roimd. 他们队在第一轮就
people are suffering from depression nowa-
被淘汰了。
rfa^/s.现在患抑郁症的人越来越多了。
【派生】elimination /!• 消除，淘汰；消去
②a period of drastic economic decline 萧条
The early 1930s were the years of Depres deprive /di'praiv/
sion in the U.S. when tens of thousands of 【助记】de(away)+prive(私有的)一► 把他人的私有财
factories were dosed down and millions of 产带走—剥夺
•183.w. to take sth. away from (〜〇/)剥夺 m ②布置 You had better discuss with her the
old China were deprived of the right to ed- disposer/ 〇/ 你最好和她讨论一
•在旧中国，如女被剥夺了受教育的权利,, 下如何布置家具。
【短语】at sb.’s disposal任某人处理，供某人使用
regardless /ri'gaidiis/
Tanner' had a considerable amount of cash
【助记】regard(考虑）+less(没有)一► 不顾后果地
disposal坦纳手头有很多现金可以支配。
似/. in spite of everything; anyway 不顾后果地，不
管怎样 Fbw 分以 a ⑹ 〇/ bwY 2/cm preserve /pn'z3：v/
just have to cany on regardless.你受到许 【助记】pre(before)+serve(保持)一►保存
多批评，但无论如何你必须坚持下去。
v/•① to save sth. or sb. from being harmed or
【短语j regardless of不顾，不惜/’W 如/的
destroyed 保护，保存 Wfe present cmr
r印 〇/ pay.不管报酬多少，我都要
resemrees.我们必须保护自然资源。
这份工作。
② to make sth. continue without changing 维
持，保持 It is the duty of the police to pre-
despite /dispait/
serye order.维护公共秩序是警察的职责。
pr印. in spite of 尽管 Despi切 《以 fearf
③ 腌制 You can preserve meat 〇7, fish in
we enjoyed our holiday.尽管欠气不好，我们
salty but I prefer fresh meat to preserved
的假期仍过得很愉快。
m 仪认你可以用盐保存肉或鱼，但我喜欢新鲜肉
【用法】despite为介词，不可引导让步状语从句，后应
胜过腌制的肉
跟名词或名词短语。
【派生】preservation /I•保存；保护
spite /spa it/
destruction /distr/vkjan/
n .恶意，怨恨 I think he said that out of/
【助记】de (down) +struct(建筑)+ion—►使建筑倒下一►
/rom句)ite.我觉得他说那话是出于恶意的。
【短语】in spite of不管，不 顾 In spite of great 毁坏
efforts we failed to carry our plans through. /I. the act or process of destroying 破坏，毁灭
尽管我们作了很大的努力，还是没能完成计划 The fire caused great destruction to the Da
【派生】spitefuU•恶意的，怀恨的 Xing’an Ling Mounkdns. k 火对欠兴安岭造
成了极大的破坏。
dispose /dis'pauz/
【派生】destructive a• 破坏(性）的；非建设性的
【助记I dis(apart)+pose(放)_»"丢掉
v/•① to place or set in a particular order; ar region / 「吨扣 /
range fi dispose pieces of furniture 布 ％ 【助记】reg(统治）+ion(表场所)— 统治的“区域”
家具 /I. ® a large area of a country or of the world,
(Dto cause (sb.) to be likely to do or have sth. usu. without exact limits 地区，区域 77祕 m-
使倾向于 //arrfs/iip disposes maw Zo me扣 vaders occupied important coastal regions.
艰苦的生活使人能应付逆境 入侵者占领了沿海要地。
W. (Dto get rid of; throw out (〜〇/)丢掉 W ②an area of interest or activity 范围，领域
to dispose of this pile of old papers and o//o/fc art民间艺术领域
之in從.我们得把这堆旧报纸和杂志处 【短语】in the region o f 在…左右，接 近 77紹
理掉。 school received a grant somewhere in the
②to settle 处理 Z /聊 〇/■妨brt cow/d r印ion 〇/ <£乏500.学校收到一笔大约2500英
dispose of the housing shortage. JL 年的努力 镑的补助款。
当可解决住房紧缺问题，
专四真题
【派生】disposable a•可自由支配的；一次性使用的
The heat in summer is no less intense here
disposal /dispauzal/ in this mountain region.
n .①丢掉£rus/i cfeposa/废物处理 译文：夏天这个山区里一样炎热。
•184-religion / 「1丨咖门 / evolve /i'vdIv/
【助记】宗教信仰(religion)带有地方(region)特色 【助记】e(out)+volve(滚，卷)—演变
/i.宗教，宗教信仰 77说 C/iris/icm, jBwcWfei对，anrf v. to develop or achieve gradually (使）演变，（使）
Moslem are three main religions in the 进化 Language is constancy and gradually
基督教、佛教和伊斯兰教是世界三大宗教 ewZWn分. 语言在不断地缓馒发展// evolve a
【派生】religious a•宗教的；虔诚的 new; 形成新的管理风格
【派生】evolution w•演 变 ；进化
pray /prei/
专四真题
【助记】p+ray(光线)->“祈祷”出现一丝希望的光芒
V. ① to hope or wish very much for sth. to Neither of us could know how our rela
happen 祈祷 The Palestinian refugees prayed tionship would evolve over the years.
ybr cm em/ to 巴勒斯坦难民 译文：我们俩人谁也不知道这些年来我们之间的
为早日结束苦难而祈祷 关系会如何发展
② to seriously ask (sb.) to do sth•请 求 /
p m 沒2/ow to执in/c a分ain. 我恳求你再考虑一下 revolutionary /.reva'luijanari/
【派生】prayer /i• 祷告；祈求 cr.革 命 的 ，革 新 的 a r⑼ teener革命领
袖 // The new cancer drug is a revolution-
preach /pri：tj/
6reaA:^/m>z^rfc.这种新抗癌药是创新性的突破
v t.① to make a speech about religion in a /i. 革命者
church or other public place 宣讲（教义} 77紹
entitle /intaiti/
pastor preached a sermon on brotherly love.
牧师在布道会上宣讲兄弟之爱 【助记】en+title(标题)一►给…题名
v/•① to give sb. the official right to do or have
②to say that (sth.) is good or necessary 竭
sth.给…权利 7M5 之 处 s 2/ow to cr
力鼓吹 Jade is always p7，eaching the virtues
Freru火/ries.凭此券你可免费得到一份炸
of a healthy outdoor life.熬 l 一 t 松宣杨健
康的户外生活的好处
著条0
②to give a name or title to 给…题名 The
Vi.布道 Christ began preaching to large crowds.
基督开始向大批群众布道。 new book is entitled “I/O從 新书叫
《爱情故事》。
【派生】preacher/i.传教士
privilege /pnviiid3/
background /'baekgraund/
【助记】privi (私有的）+leg (法律） 法律上的独享
【助记】back(后面的）+ground(范丨fl)—>背景
权—特权
n.背景 A higher educational backgrcnind is
/i. a right or benefit that is given to some peo-
required for many positions nowadays.现
ple and not to others 特权0 犯〇/ 执^ 〇^^1-
在很多职位要求（应聘者）有受高等教育的背景
cles to social harmony is privilege.导致社
diverse /darV3：s/ 会不协调的障碍之一是特权。
【助记】（11(3〜37)+¥61*86(转)—不同的 【派生】underprivileged a•下 层 社会的，贫困的
a ①differing one from another 不同的 77紹 word
enrol ⑴ /in'raul/
is now used in a sense diverse from the
【助记】en(in)+roll(名单)— 在名单上一► 招收
or^/mz/ mmnin分s. 此字现在的意思与其最初
v. to arrange for yourself or for sb. else to offi
的意思不同。
cially join a course, school, etc.入 学 ，招生
② made up of distinct characteristics, quali-
汾m)/Z irz/ow a cowrse报名参加课程班#
ties, or elements 多种多样的7%^^7,代办-
was enrolled at the University in 1945.饥
verse dialects in the Chinese language.汉语
文是1945年注册上大学的。
有各种不同的方言
【派生】diversify v•使不同，使多样化// diversity /!• recruit /n'kruit/
多样性，不同点 【助记】re(again)+cruit(增加)一►再增加成员一*•招鉻
. 185.vt. to find new people to join a company, an mination 精力充沛的 Fbw criirays Zoo/c
organization, the armed forces, etc.招 募 （新 and ener供说.你看起来总是精神抖擞，活力充沛。
兵），吸 收 （新成员）Mm沒comptmtes fifce to
dynamic /dai'nasmik/
代cru以 许 多 公 司 喜 欢
【助记】dynam(力世)+ic~► 有活力的
招收有经验的员工。
a. ①full of energy and new ideas, and deter-
/i.新兵，新成员阶 ’從分a?:ned a ⑽ 〇/ recruit to
mined to succeed有活力的；有创新思想的；志
owrdwfc.我们俱乐部吸收了很多新成员。
在成功的 Being young and dynamic, you
intelligent /in.teiid33nt/ don't need to woiry about finding a date.
【助记 】intel (between)+lig (选择）+ent— 从中选择有 你年轻有活力，不必担心找不到人约会。
用的信息—聪明的
(Dcharacterized by continuous change, activ-
a.聪明的 Z)oZpfoi似 are said 如 6e 動作 inteWi- ity, or progress不断变化（或增长）的
分enf敗m 〇执价anima/s. 据说海琢比其他动 are dynamic and a company must learn to
cwtapr市场千变万化，因此一个公司必须学会适
物聪明。
应变化。
【派生】intelligence it.智力，智慧；情报
③动力（学、的 This chapter is on the trans
brilliant /bnijent/ formation of heat energy into dynamic en-
【助记 】brilli(发光)+ant—•灿烂的 仿*5^.这一章是关于热能转化成动能的知识。
«•① full of light; shining 灿烂的她my im;>res- /i. ①sth. that causes change or growth in sth.
sionistic painters， inspiration stems from else 动力 Feminism is seen as a dynamic
the brilliant sunshine.许多印象派画家的灸 of social change.女权运动梭視为社会变车的
感来源于明媚的阳光。 一种动力。
②extremely intelligent 卓越的 /Veud ims a 动力学
brilliant psychologist.年洛伊德是一位杰出的
enrich /in'ntj/
心理学家。
【助记】en(使)+rich(富的)_► 使丰富
【派生】brilliance /!•辉煌；聪颖
v/•①to make fuller, more meaningful, or more
primitive /pnmitiv/ rewarding 充实，使丰富 An ewricfo-
【助 记 】prim(首要)+itive~^人类发展的首要阶段—原 你 ]/owr minrf. 教育能充实人的头脑。
始的 ②to make rich or richer 使富裕 77祕 expand
a .①of or relating to an early or original stage ing ecoTiomy peasant. 不断发
or state 原始的，早期的 w;ere 展的经济使农民们富裕起来：
once used as a primitive form of money.
explore /ik’spb:/
小贝壳曾经被当作原始的钱币使用。
v•①to travel over or through (a place) in order
② very simple when compared to modern
to learn more about it or to find sth. 勘探
things 简单的 77泌沒 广 a primitive
Columbus discovered America but did not
ow/ 〇/ /ree 他们用一些树干建造了一
explore the new continent.哥伦布良现了失
个简陋的棚子。
洲，但没有考察这块新大陆//ea扭ore/or分oW
n• 原（始]X The primitives lived in caves•恿始
勘探金矿
人住在山洞里。
(2)to talk or think about (sth.) in a thoughtful
drawback /*dro:baek/ and detailed way 探索【同 probe】77叫/
【助记 】draw(拉）+back(向后）一►拖后腿一► 缺点 every avenue but it was all to no avail 他
n. a disadvantage or inconvenience 5^^ Every- 们试过各种可能的办法，但是毫无效果。
thing has its drawback. JL事皆有不足之处。 【派 生 】explorer /! • 探 险 家 ；勘 探 器 // exploration
/i. 探险；勘査// exploratory a. 勘探的；探测的
energetic /tena’d神 k/
【助记】energy(/i•精力）的形容词 chop /tf〇p/
a. having or needing a lot of energy or deter v. to cut (sth.) into small pieces by hitting it
•186.with the sharp edge of an ax, knife, etc. 砍 rate /or eacfe 他们对办理的每项
cftop wp m 沉^ 把肉剁碎, Tbm 业务收取一定的费用。
t<;ood /or /ire汤姆在劈柴生火：
bankrupt /baeQkrApt/
n•排骨 We will have grilled pork chops for
【助记】bank(银行)+rupt(打破)—破产的
dinner.我们晚餐吃烤待排
a•① unable to pay debts 破产的 A company/
【归类卡片】“切割”种种
will go bankrupt because of poor manage-
chop欲 slice切片 dice切块
公司会因经营管理不善而破产。
carve雕刻 trim修剪 tear撕裂
、 _______ ____________________________________________________________• (^completely lacking a good or desired qual-
ity彻底缺乏（某种美德）的 a mora//2/ ban/crupf
carve /k〇：v/
soci祝2/ 道德沧丧的社会
v/. ®to divide into pieces by cutting V] He called
•使破产 The company was almost bankrupt
me a 〇/ 他切了一块肉给我。
ed by legal costs. 这家公 司为诉 讼费用 所累，
② to cut into a desired shape; fashion by
几乎破产。
cutting 雕刻 77祕 artof can^d an in妙從以仰
n .破产者 He realizes the bankmpt’s assets.他
decoration from this Piece of tree root. 艺
变卖破产者的财产。
术家把这块树根雕成一件有趣的装饰品3
【派生】bankruptcy /I.破产（状态）
【短语】carve out创（业），发（财）// carve u p 分
割 They ruthlessly carved up Poland.他们无 inflict /m'fiikt/
情地瓜分了波兰。 【助记】inflict(打击)— 使…遭受打击一>使遭受
v/. to force to undergo or experience (sth. un-
frequency /fri：kwansi/
v/anted)(〜on, w/70/i} 把…强加给，使 遭 受 77災
n. (Dthe number of times that sth. happens dur
U.S. always inflicts its concept of human
ing a particular period $ Fatal accidents
rights on other nations.失]S 思是把自己的尺
have decreased in frequency over recent
权观念强加于别国。
2/ears.近年来，死亡事故发生的频率已经下降，
②the fact or condition of happening often 频 blend /blend/
繁 Parkinson’s disease occurs with increas v. to combine or mix(使）混和 Oi/ cmd u，a於r do
ing frequency in older people.帏金 A 氏病& Wend. 油和水不能融合。
老人身上发生更为频繁3 and strength揉合优失和力量
/i.混合物；混 和 //is manner切肪a btend 〇/
facilitate /fosiiiteit/
friendliness and respect.他的态 Jt 是友好中
v/. to make easy or easier 使变得容易
带有尊敬3
dia equipment can greatly facilitate teach-
名多媒体设备能大大地方便教学: terror /tera/
/!•①a feeling of extreme fear 恐怖 be in terro?.
facility /fa'siiiti/
〇/害怕
n. 0[p/.] sth. (such as a building or large piece
②引起恐怖的人（或事）’7如 从/iote
of equipment) that is built for a specific pur-
been called on to be against terror.全世界
pOSe
都被号召起来与恐怖活动作斗争，
portant education facilities in a university.
【派生】terrorist u•恐怖分子
图书馆是大学里最重要的教育设施之一。
②ease in moving, acting, or doing f'J give bleed /bii：d/
facilities fo r给予…方使 vi. 流血 Teddy lay on the ground， bleeding
prq/ks吨/.特迪躺在地上，鮮血直流。
transaction /traen'zaek/an/
vt. to obtain money from, esp. by improper
【助记】trans(across) +action(行为）—•两者之间发
means 勒索…的钱 //e /or 52
生的行为—交易 他向他们榨取1500美元。
/I. a business dea丨交易，业务 77说2/ dwzr分e a/ired 【用法】过去式、过去分词bled
•187.lump /lAmp/ 阻止 I will bar no honest man to my
【助记】央丨•.挨r一il?(bump)起了肿块(lump) Ziowse.我不会阻止任何诚实的人到我家里来3
n•块，肿块 Ve?n found a smaM lump on her neck. (Dto put sth. in a road, path, etc., so that
维拉发现脖子上有个小小的肿块， people cannot get by 封锁 A w;a// ftcrrs
vt. to put (people or things) together or in the way i?ito the garden，—错墙挡住了选花园的路
same group将…归并在一起77於 media 【短语】behind bars在狱中
to lump all these groups together.宣传球介
apart /9'pa：t/
倾向于把所有这几类人归在一起
ad. ®at a distance in place, position, or time 相
vi,结块 The oatmeal lumps if you don’t stir it
间 隔 幻 ood/ar apa/t/rom me. 她远离我
uW!.如果你不好好搅拌，麦片粥会结块。
站着。
专四真题 (2) in or into parts or pieces ^ ^ Take a
Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used rmz德iwe aparL把机器拆开
in many countries instead of paper money. 亿 set apart; isolated 分离的 77紹 McDorwz/d and
译文：许多国家仍在使用做成块状、条状或环形 the KFC are only 50 meters apart.这玄 i:
状的铁而不是纸币 当劳与那家肯德基相距仅50米。
【短语】apart from除…之外（別无>;除…之外（尚
ambulance /aembjulans/ 有）
【助记】发音：“俺不能死” 快叫“救护车”fl巴！
bronze /bmnz/
n.救拍车 She pulled in to let the ambulance
"•①青铜 King David’s statue was made of
pass. 她把车开到路边停下，好让救护车过去..
bronze.大卫王的塑像是用青铜铸造的
volume /vDljuim/ ② 青铜制品，铜 牌 meda/ 钢牌
【助记】vol(卷）+ume—►卷，册 ③ 古铜色
"• i 卷，册 We have a set of Dickens’s works in
ceremony /'s 沉 im9m/
说 vWumes. 我们有一套24册的狄更斯作品集3
w. ® a formal act or event that is a part of a
② 体积 The volume of this container is 3
social or religious occasion 典 礼 叩 ⑽ 如 分
cwWr me仏rs. 这个容器的容量是3 立方米
ceremony 开幕典礼 // an hwiw分wm/ ceremo-
③ 音量 The television's too loud; turn the
712/ 就职典礼
volume dowrn. 电视声音大大，请把音量开小一点
② very polite or formal behavior 礼节 The
cheerful AJ iafui/ head of state was welcomed with full cere-
a. being in or characterized by good spirits; 人们以最高礼仪欢迎国家元首
merry 欢乐的，高兴的 A cheerful heart is good 【派生】ceremonial a• 仪式上的/!•仪式；典礼
medicine. 昂扬的心是一剂好药
h〇n〇(u)rable /onarabl/
bar /bo:/ a.光荣的 t 可敬的 It’s not honorable to deceive
/;.①酒吧间 //e /md a driw/c iw them.欺骑他们是不先彩的 // Will the hon
now;.他刚才在酒吧喝了一杯。 orable member please answer the question?
之:条a bar of gold金条 请尊敬的议员先生回答这个问题好吗？
③ FI There’s a strong bar on the door. H 上 【派生】dishonorable仏 不光彩的，可耻的
有一个很坚固的闩。
semester /si'mesta/
〜]律师界/ 々似/e 似s "紹 bar议am
学期 His writing has improved greatly in
before I can start practici7ig law•软在
this semesU?r.这学期他的写作有了很大进步。
律师工作之前必须通过律师考试，
v/.①闩 Be sure to bar all the doors before you dramatic /dramaetik/
teaw. 在离开前，务必把所有的门都闩上。 a. ©attracting attention引 人 注 目 的 drama阶
d)to prohibit or prevent (sb.) from doing sth. changes日新月异的变化
•188.②sudden and extreme 戏剧性的 a 新”
scene富于戏剧性的场面 v/. to alter so as to be up to date 更新，使现代化
®of or relating to plays and the performance It’s about time we updated our software.我
of plays 戏剧的 dmmcrrtc 戏剧 们的软件应该更新了。
表演 n. a report that includes the most recent infor-
/z. 卜s】戏 剧 表 演 业余戏剧活动 mation about sth.最新信息尸or an update
【派生】dramatize v•把 …改编成剧本// dramati- on road conditions, contact the highway de-
cally 戏剧地，引人注目地 pc⑽me/认 欲获悉最新路况，与公路部门联系。
update v/. /Ap'deit/ /i. /'Apdeit/
【助记】up(向上）+date(日期）— 日期不断向上“更典型考题精练
1. The native Canadians lived in ______ with nature，for they respected nature as a provider of life.
A. coordination B. acquaintance C. contact D. harmony
2. Shoes of this kind are ______ to slip on wet ground.
A. feasible B. appropriate C. apt D. fitting
3. I have my eyes tested and the report says that my ____ is perfect.
A. outlook B. vision C. horizon D. perspective
4. Because of the ______ noise of traffic I couldn’t get to sleep last night.
A. progressive B. provocative C. perpetual D. prevalent
5. Europe’s earlier industrial growth was ______ by the availability of key resources, abundant and
cheap labor, coal, iron ore, etc.
A. constrained B. remained C. sustained D. detained
6. The bank refused to ______ him any money, so he had to postpone buying a house.
A. credit B. borrow C. loan D. lease
7. The work was almost complete when we received orders to ______ no further with it.
A. progress B. proceed C. march D. promote
8. The Car Club couldn't______ to meet the demands of all its members.
A. assume B. ensure C. guarantee D. confirm
9. Every camera we sell comes with a two-year______•
A. guarantee B. safety C. confirmation D. conservation
10. ______ popular belief that classical music is too complex, it achieves a simplicity that only a
genius can create.
A. Subject to B. Contrary to C. Familiar to D. Similar to
11. In sharp ______ to John, who is frank, Henry is too sophisticated.
A. conflict B. contrast C. comparison D. contradiction
12. During the process, great care has to be taken to protect the ______ silk from damage.
A. sensitive B. tender C. delicate D. sensible
13. She cooked the meat for a long time so as to make it ______ enough to eat.
A. mild B. slight C. light D. tender
14. At that time, the economy was still undergoing a ______, and job offers were hard to get.
A. concession B. supervision C. recession D. deviation
15. When business is ______, there is usually an obvious increase in unemployment.
A. degraded B. depressed C. reduced D. lessened
16. Many people lost their jobs during the business ______.
A. desperation B. decrease C. despair D. depression
17. A friendship may be ______, casual, situational or deep and lasting.
A. identical B. original C. superficial D. critical
18. In his last yeai-s, Henry suffered from a disease that slowly ______ him of much of his sight.
A. relieved B. jeopardized C. deprived D. eliminated
19. Every man in this country has the right to live where he wants to, ______ the color of his skin.
A. with the exception of B. in the light of
C. by virtue of D. regardless of
20. He always did well at school ______ having to do part-time jobs every now and then.
A. in case of B. in spite of C. regardless of D. on account of
•190.21. The old building is in a good state of______ except for the wooden floors.
A. observation B. preservation C. conservation D. compensation
22. A culture inw hich the citizens share similar religious beliefs and values is more likely to have
laws that represent the wishes of its people than is a culture where citizens come from
backgrounds.
A. extensive B. influential C. diverse D. identical
23. It ______ you to at least 50% off the regular price of either frames or lenses when you buy
both.
A. presents B. entities C. credits D. tips
24. The club will ______ new members the first week in September.
A. enroll B. subscribe C. absorb D. register
25. In ______ times human beings did not travel for pleasure but to find a more favorable climate.
A. prime B. primitive C. primary D. preliminary
26. Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some oth
er ______•
A. drawbacks B. handicaps C. bruises D. blunders
27. He was such a _____ speaker that he held our attention every minute of the three-hour lecture.
A. specific B. dynamic C. heroic D. diplomatic
28. By moving the radar beam around slowly in circles, we can the surroundings.
A. explore B. expose C. exploit D. expand
29. The automatic doors in supermarkets ______ the entry and exit of customers with shopping
carts.
A. furnish B. induce C. facilitate D. allocate
30. In order to keep the Line moving, customers with lengthy _______ are required to do their
banking inside.
A. transit B. transactions C. turnover D. transmission
答案与译文
1. [D]当地的加拿大人与自然和谐相处，因为他们敬重自然，认为自然是生命的提供者
2. [C]这种鞋在湿地上容易打滑：
3. [B]我测了双眼的视力，报告单上写着我的视力很好
4. [C】昨晚由于车辆无休无止地发出噪音，我无法入睡，
5. [C]欧洲早期的工业增长是由于有丰富的重要资源、充足而廉价的劳动力、煤炭、矿石等作支撑
6. [C]银行拒绝给他贷款，因此他不得不推迟买房」
7 . 丨B】工作都快做完了，我们突然接到命令说不要再继续进行下去了。
8. [C】汽车俱乐部不能保证满足所有会员的需要
9. [A]我们出售的每部相机都有两年的保修期
10. [B]与古典音乐太深奥的大众看法相反，古典音乐具有一种只有天才方能创造出的简朴.:，
11. [B]和直率的约翰相比，亨利显得大世故了。
12. [C]在这个过程中，人们十分注意保护柔滑的丝绸不受损害。
13. [D]为了使肉够嫩好吃，她煮了很长时间5
14. [C】在那个时期，经济仍然处于衰退期，很难找到工作。
15. [B]当商业不景气的时候，通常失业率就会显著上升，
16. [D]很多人在经济萧条时期失去了工作：
.191 .17. [C】友谊可以是浅淡的、随意的、临时性的，也可以是深厚而长久的。
18. [C】在生命的最后几年里，亨利患上了一种让他慢慢失明的疾病
19. 丨D j 在这个国家里，每一个公民，不论肤色，都有权居住在他想居住的地方。
20. IB!尽管他不时要去做一些兼职工作，他的功课仍然很好
21. [B1除了木地板以外，这栋旧建筑保存完好c
22. [C】一个其国民拥有相似的宗教信仰和价值观的国家比一个其国民背景不同的国家更有可能具有
代表国民愿望的法律_
23. fB]如果镋框和鐃片都买的话，你可以享受其中任何一样的至少50% 的优惠
24. [A1该俱乐部将在9 月份的第一个星期招收新会员。
25. 丨B丨在原始社会人类出行并非是为了消遣，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。
26. [A]很多纯金棬没有太大的用处，因为它们太软，太容易生锈或者有其他一些缺陷。
27. [B]那位演讲人很有活力，整整3 个小时的演讲中，他牢牢地抓住了我们的注意力。
28.丨 A ] 通过缓慢地将雷达光束向周围做环状照射，我们就能勘查周围的环境
29. [C】超市的自动门方便推手推车的顾客出入。
30. [B]为了使排队的人龙流转快一些，要办理繁冗业务的顾客被要求到里面办理.
•192.单词预习+返记
□equality □cherish □feature □handle □capture □triumph
□equivalent □virtue □hospitality □issue □decade □estate
□equation □loyal □humo(u)r □litter □nevertheless □deposit
□penalty □dignity □indifferent □largely □oppose □patrol
□crime □indignity □accustom □ignorance □obstacle □cruise
□victim □indignant □habitual □neglect □negotiate □craft
□assassinate □intervene □hinder □provided □opponent □clumsy
□fake □personality □career □lest □yield □architecture
□genuine □competent □hostile □media □staple □cite
□artificial □surpass □ideal □evidence □neutral □brief
□patent □faithful □deficiency □document □partial □bracket
□anxiety □integrity □impose □curb □bias □faulty
□risk □integral □revenue □migrate □prejudice □liable
□trap □integrate □federal □immigrate □preference □plug
□existence □characteristic □anyhow □emigrate □instinct □siren
□certainty □ charac terizeAise □unexpected □penetrate □scheme
equality /I'kwDiati/ penalty /penaiti/
【助记】equal(平等的)+ity—►相等 n. punishment for breaking a rule or law 处罚，
"• 相等，平等【反 inequality 】P⑼pte /r〇7M 罚金 is the penalty for dangerous
minority groups must have equality of op- 对危险驾车给予什么处罚？
po，r如来自这些少數民族的人必须享有均
等的机会。
【派生】equally似/•相等地，平等地
equivalent /I'kwivaient/
【助记】equi(相等的)+val(价值)+ent_>等价物
a. having the same value, use, meaning, etc.
crime /kraim/
相等的 Your behavior is equivalent to
u. activity that is against the law 罪，犯罪 PoZice
你的行为相当于欺搞
prevent and detect crime while the courts
n.等价物 Not every word in one language has
punish crime.防止及侦察犯罪是警1察的事，而
an equivalent in another. —种语言中不是每
惩罚犯罪是法庭的事
个词都在另外一种语言中有对等的词
【派生】criminal 〇• 犯罪的，刑事的/I• 罪犯，犯人
【派生】equivalence W.等值；相当// equity w•公
平；[/7/.丨普通股 victim /viktim/
【助记】Viet(征服）+im—被征服者—受害者
equation /i'kwei3an/
/I.牺牲品，受害者 /T⑻er k;os a/5〇 cr 〇/
n. a statement that two expressions are equal
如5 owm 希特勒本人也是他自己阴谋
方程，等式 What does X 7，epresent in this
的牺牲品
叫waf ion ? 这个方程式中的X 代表什么？
•193.assassinate /a'saesineit/ the device to its inventor.政府给予复明者专
vt. to murder (a prominent person) by surprise 利权。
attack, as for political reasons 暗杀 A to
anxiety /aeQ'zaiati/
assassinate the President was uncovered. 暗
n. ① fear or nervousness about what might
杀总统的阴谋被发觉
happen焦 虑 阶 你 d emo如吻/or
【派生】assassin /!•刺客
〇/ feer sq/fe arrit;a/.我们焦急地等待她
fake /feik/ 安全到达的消息。
n•①假货 The teapot looked old b2tt was a re- (Da feeling of wanting to do sth. very much
cent/a/ce.这把茶壶貌似古董，却是一件新近制 渴望 His anxiety to please his boss ?nakes
作的赝品。 me siefc.他急于讨好老板，真让我感到恶心。
②骗子a 冒牌医生 【派生】anxiously M •忧 虑 地 ；渴望地
仏 not true or rea丨假的 77祕 /aAe 〇/
risk /risk/
Van Gogh looks almost identical with the
/!.①危险 The usual risks of the desert are:
reaZ erne. 那幅梵高的赝品跟真的看起来几乎一
rattlesnakes，heat， and lack of water. 沙漠
模一样。
中常见的危险有：响尾蛇、酷热及缺水c
vt. ®to make sth. seem real or true in order to
②引起危险的事物(或人} 77犯分rowp欲15 con-
trick sb•伪造 77
sidered to be a risk to national security.
那个小男孩伪造了父亲的签名。
这伙人被认为是成胁国家安全的危险分子D
(2)to pretend to be illt interested etc. when
vt. to expose to a chance of loss or damage
you are not伪装，假 装 /atod似狀队他
冒…的危险，使遭受危险Many doctors ristei
假装生病。
their own lives in trying to save the SARS
genuine /dsenjuin/ pa技ento. 许多医生冒着生命的危险极力救治非
a. ①actual, real, or true非 伪 造 的 【反 fake】 典病人。
Shoes made of genuine leather are more 【短语】at risk处境危险// at the risk o f冒着…
comfortable and more durable.用 A 皮做的鞋 的危险
子更舒服，也更耐穿 【派生】risky 危险的，胃险的
②sincere and honest 真诚的 fcwe 真
专四真题
诚的爱
Patients with SARS are kept in isolation to
artificial /.a:tifijal/ reduce the risk of transmission.
【助记】art(技巧)+i+fic(做)+iah通过技巧做出来一> 译文：非典病人要被隔离以降低传染他人的风险。
人造的
trap /traep/
仏 ① not natural or real 人造的 /ru&
① 陷拼s以 a 设置陷阱
absolutely contains no artificial jlavouHng
② 圈套 77祕 prosecutor’s gwe对ion 切肪 a (rap
or 这种果汁绝不含人造香精和色素
that caused the defendant to admit his
② not sincere 矫 揉 造 作 的 /fer am/icia/
公诉人的问题是一个圈套，诱使被告承认
sic/c. 她那矫揉造作的样子
罪行。
令我恶心。
③ 困境escape W trap摆脱贫困的处
patent /peitnt/ 境
【助记】爬进帐篷（tent),窃取专利（patent) vf.① 设 陷 拼 捕 捉 妙 s (rapped /加6ear.措
n.专别权 Did you take out a patent on your 人们设陷阱捕捉那只熊。
你是否取得你那项设计的专利？ ② to fool or trick sb. into doing or saying
a.专私的 This invention is protected by patent sth.使中圈套 By clever questioning they
r^/认这项发明受专利权保护 trapped him into making a confession•他
vf.得到…的专利权 The government patented 用巧妙的提问诱使他招认了。
•194existence /igzistans/ ty of the occasion was spoilt when she fell
"•①存在【反 extinction】77紹 eiep/wmf is the down the steps.她蚨倒在台阶上，破坏了该场合
largest land animal in existence.大象是现 的庄严气氛。
存陆地上最大的动物。 ② the quality of being worthy of honor or
②the state of continuing to be or to live 生 respect 尊严 Only a truly free person has
存 Pollution poses a threat to the continued human dignity.只有真正自由的& 才具■有&的
existence of this species.污染对这一物种的 尊严。
继续生存造成了成胁。 【派生】dignify v• 使有驊严;抬高…的身价// digni-
【派生】existent a.存在的；现行的 fied 有尊严的；高贵的
certainty /s3：tanti/ indignity /in'dignati/
//.①a fact about which there is no doubt 必然 //. an act or occurrence that hurts sb.’s dignity
的事a ctecw/ 势所必然 or pride 侮辱，轻蔑 They inflicted all kinds
②the state of being or feeling certain about of indignities on their captives.他们对俘
sth.确信 I can say with certainty that he 虏百般侮辱。
is 我可以肯定地说他是对的。
indignant /indignant/
【派生】uncertainty w.不确定，无常
【助记】in(not)+dign(有价值的）+ant— 被认为没有
cherish /tjenj/ 价值—愤怒的
v/•①to feel or show great love for (sb. or sth.) a.愤怒的 The indig?iant customer complained
玲爱•，爱妒 t 抚育 The old man cherished the 如 manner.那个愤怒的顾客向经理投诉。
girl as if she were his daughter.老 &疼愛 【派生】indignation w• 愤怒，愤慨
那女孩，就好像她是自己的女儿一般。
intervene /.mtavim/
©to remember or hold (an idea, belief, etc.)
【助记】inter (between) +vene (来)— 来到两者中间一►
in a deeply felt way怀有（希望、想法、感情等）
干预
We never cherish any unrealistic fancies
vL ① to become involved in sth. in order to
about those desperate criminals. A 们对那些
have an influence on what happens 干涉
亡命之徒从来不抱任何不切实际的幻想。
The supei'powei- country likes to intervene
virtue /v3:tju:/ in the internal affairs of other countries.
w•① a good and moral quality 美德，德行 那个超级大国总是喜欢干涉别的国家的内政。
is the ladder on which all the other virtues (2)to happen as an unrelated event that caus
mownL勇气是所有其他美德的阶梯。 es a delay or problem He would have
② an advantage or benefit 优点 Free trade his degree by now if his laziness hadn't
feas a nwmfeer 〇/從 . 自由贸易有许多优点。 如果不是由于他的懒惰，现在他已
【短语】by virtueo f借助，由于//e cteimed a pen 经获得学位了。
sion 6沒 virfw e 〇/ /on分 service. 【派生】intervention /!• 干涉，介人 // interventionist
他以在军中服役多年为由要求发给养老金。 /i. 干涉主义者
loyal /IoiqI/ personality /•p3:s0.naeiiti/
cr• 忠诚的【反 disloyal】阶 to our 【助记】personal个人的）+ity—个性
我们应当忠诚于祖国。 /I•①个性 iVo ⑼，wo diar/n. 没有个性
【派生】loyalty /i.忠实，忠贞 就没有魅力可言。
@乂鄉、笔)< The host of this program is a
dignity /dignati/
如evisicm 这个节目的主持人在电
【助记】dign(有价值的）+ity—庄严
视圈内是一个名人。
n. ® a calm and serious quality iSP The digni
•195..【辨析】表示“性格”的名词 的 Practice is an integral part of language
character:指个人、社会、民族的“天性”、“性格”、 练习是语言学习必不可少的一部分
“特质”，强调正、邪、坚强、软弱等方面根深蒂固
integrate /intigreit/
的各种心理特征的综合全貌
v. to make into a whole by bringing all parts
personality:指“人格”、“个性"，强调在各种场合
together; unify(〜 w/YA)(使）成为一体 77祕
所体现的性情、举止等
^ -----------------
乃 buildings are well integrated with the land-
competent /kDmpitant/ scape.这些建筑和周围的自然景物浑然一体II
a. properly or sufficiently qualified; capable 有能 The child was only adopted a year ago, but
力的，能胜任的【反incompetent】 McrAe swre你必 she has completely integrated into the fam-
这个孩子虽然才领养一年，但她已经
firm is competent to carry out the work.
完全融入了这个家庭的生活中
要确保这家公司有能力完成这项工作。
【派生】disintegrate v• 粉碎，瓦解
【派生】competence w•能 力 ，胜任
surpass /S9pa:s/ characteristic /.kaerakta'nstik/
【助记】sur(over)+pass(通过）一►超过 a. being a feature that helps to distinguish a
person or thing 特有的 /细 化
vt. to be greater than, as in degree or quality;
〇/ cr仍9/es苹果所特有的味道
exceed 起过，优千 The beauty of the scenery
surpassed all my expeckUkms. A 万万沒想的
n. a quality or feature of sth. or sb. that is typ
ical of them and easy to recognize ^ 14 The
风景那么漂亮
capacity to think is the distinctive charac-
faithful /feiOfal/ teristic of human beings.思線紙力 A k 矣的
a. ©adhering firmly and devotedly, as to a per- 特性。
son，cause, or idea; loyal 忠诚的 Mar?:a /ios 疒— --■
【一言辨异】character，characteristics
remained faithful to her principles.玛丽亚
One with a double character may have
一直忠于她的原则。
many characteristicst all of which constitute
② keeping your promises or doing what you
erne’s c/wrac纪r. 一个具有双重性格的人可能有
are supposed to do 尽职的 Ste
多种特点，所有这些特点便构成了这个人总的性
the company with many years of faithful
格特征。
service.她为公司奉献了多年的尽职尽责的服务 ^----------------------------------------------------- ^
③ exact and accurate 如实的 7%幻 is a
characterize/-ise /'kaeraktaraiz/
faithful accourU of the accidenL 送是对该卑
v/•① to be a distinctive trait or mark of 成为…
故的如实报导
的特征 Bright，vib7，an( colovrs characterize
f派生J fa/thfully arf. 忠实地；i第启 // unfaithful a.
他的画以明亮轻快的色彩为
不忠的；背叛的
特征。
integrity /in'tegreti/ ② to describe the character or special
qualities of (sb. or sth.)描 绘 （人或物）的特性
【助记】in(not)+tegr(触碰）+ity—►不触碰，使保持
Paiis is often characterized as a romantw
“完整"
n. ®the quality of being honest and fairJES A 以吻.巴黎经常被描绘成一个浪漫的城市
qualified judge should be a person of com-
feature /fi：t/a/
plete integrity. —位称职的法官M该剛正不H
n. ①a part of sth. that you notice because it
②the state of being complete or whole 完整
seems important, interesting, or typica丨特色
They tried to keep the integrity of their
Many examples and extra grammatical in
cw/⑼r e 他们竭尽全力保持自己的文化完整无缺。
formation are among the special features of
integral /intigr^i/ 说私6〇从. 本书别具特色，诸如例证多及新增语
仏 very important and necessary 构成整体所必需 法要点等。
•196② [pL]面貌 delicately modeled features 清秀 tom himself to the cold weather.他不得不让
的面貌 自己习惯寒冷的天气。
③ 特写a/ea如re 特写作家
habitual /ha'bitjual/
④ 故事片 There are a couple of advertise
a. doing sth. regularly or repeatedly 惯常的；习惯
ments before the ?nain feature•正片 前有一
性的 Punctuality is habitual with that
些广告。
maw.遵守时间对那个人已习以为常。
vt. to have or include as a prominent part or
characteristic 突出 Durability features this
hinder /'hinda/
prodwcf 〇/ cmrs.经久耐用是我公司这一产品
v/. to make sth. slow or difficult 妨碍 and
的特色。
haste hinde)* good counsel.愤怒和急躁妨碍
好忠告。
【派生】hindrance w.妨碍；妨碍的人（物）
career /kaVia/
n .职业 Many university students plan their
future career in the financial circle.许多 k
学生都将自己的未来职业计划在金融界。
hospitality /.hospi'taeiiti/
hostile /hnstail/
/i.好客 Chinese people are famous for their
【助记】host(主人）+ile— 鸿门宴的主人—敌意的
中国人以热情好客著称于世
a. ① having or showing unfriendly feelings 敌意
【派生】hospitable仏 好客的，殷勤的
的 The local people are hostile to outsiders.
humo(u)r /hju：m8/ 当地人敌视外地人。
②of or relating to an enemy 敌方的 77说 towm
n. ® a funny or amusing quality My grand-
was surrounded by hostile troops.成市被敌军
fathei' has a good sense of humor and al-
包围。
ways can make us happy. A 的祖父浪有幽默
感，他常常逗我们开心。 【派生】hostility n• 敌意，敌对;(p/.】战争
② the way sb. feels emotionally 情绪 77祕
ideal /.ai'dial/
meeting dissolved in Ul humor.会议不欢而散
a• ①perfect; most suitable 理想的 77
【派生】humorous a. i矢谐的，滑稽的// good-hu-
ciety is to be realized in the future.理想社
mored a. 心情愉快的
会的实现是在未来。
indifferent /indifrent/ ②existing only in the mind; imaginary 空想的
【助记】in(not)+different(不同的）一►没什么不同一► an ideal world 乌托邦
n• 理想；理想的东西（或人）/mrswe a n 以⑽/追求
冷漠的
理想
a. ① not interested in or concerned about sth.
【派生】idealism w.理想主义// idealist /!•理 想主
冷漠的 I was so excited to see snow that I
彼is to coW. 看到雪我兴奋得
义者// idealize v. 将…理想化
连寒冷都不在乎了。
deficiency /di'fij ansi/
② neither good nor bad —般的 aw ind切fer-
【助记】de (away)+fic (做）+iency-♦没做好—缺点
coofc手艺平平的厨师
/!•①缺乏【同 lack】【反 sufficiency】 cte/i-
【派生】indifference n•不关心，冷漠
ciency can cause illnesses.缺乏维生素会引
accustom /a'kAstam/ 起疾病。
②a weakness or fault in sth.缺点 /fcr 办-
【助记】ac(to)+custom(习惯）一► 使习惯于
ficiencies as an organizer were soon dis-
v/. to cause sb. to become adjusted to or fa-
corered.作为组织者，她的缺点不久就给发现了
miliar with sth.使习惯于 /ife /wid to acc^-
•197【派生】deficient a•有缺陷的；缺乏的 She couldn't handle the pressure of her new
job.她无法应付新工作带来的压力。
impose /impauz/
② to operate with the hands 操 作 77咖肌〇-
【助记】im (upon) +pose (放R )—► S 于其上—强加给
吣rear feandtes w;eZZ. 这摩托车很好驾驶
v/•① to force sb. to accept (sth. or yourself)
③ to touch, lift, or hold with the hands 拿
(〜0/i) 把…强加于 Fbw can express 2/owr
Handle with care!小心轻故 l
opinion, but don't tiij to impose your ideas
«.柄分ive a /wmdte to sfe.予以把柄，予以可乘之机
or? 你可以发表意见，但不要试图把自己
的想法强加给别人。 issue AJu：/
(Dto introduce a new law, rule, tax, etc.征 /z. ① a subject or problem that is often dis
(税等、 New duties were imposed on wines cussed or argued about ^ The economist
and spi?、its.酒类被加征新税。 will address the economic issues.那位经济
【派生】imposing a• 壮 丽 的 ，雄 伟 的 // imposition 学家将就经济问题发言。
/I. 强加;征收;施加 ② 发行；分 发 c m 私沿说〇/ a •—种
报纸的发行
revenue /Vevinju：/
③ 流出an isswe 〇/ Wood流血
【助记】re (back)+venue (来）一► 回到金库的东西一►
v/•① to announce (sth.) in a public and official
收人
way颁布；发出（命令警告等）77犯po/ice /wive
/i. ®money that is made by or paid to a busi
issued an appeal for w itnesses.警方发出
ness or an organization 收入 advertising
了寻找目击证人的呼吁.
广告收入
©to make sth. available to be sold or used
②money that is collected for public use by
发 Christmas stamps are to be issued in
a government through taxes (政府的)税收 rar
Aforember.圣诞节纪念邮票将于11月发行。
increased ios/ 去年税收增加了。
③to give sth. to sb. in an official way 分发
federal /fedaral/ The school issued uniforms to the students.
该校发给学生统一的制服。
【助记】FBI (FederalB ureau of Investigation)联邦
vL to go, come, or flow out from some source
调查局
流出Stood 血从伤口流出。
a. 联邦的，联 邦 政 府 的 is a /汉teraZ
reymfeKc.瑞士是个联邦制的共和国。
【派生】federation if•联盟，联邦
anyhow /emhau/
似/.①in whatever way or manner 无论如何 /《
may rain, but anyhow I shall go out.要下
雨了，但我无论如何要出门。
②in a way that is not organized or neat 随 litter /lit©/
随 便 便 地 S/祕 teai;從 执 她 【助记】废物堆(litter)里有件闪闪发光(glitter)的东西
就是随随便便地乱放东西。
n.①废弃物 The litter in some holiday 7，esorts
really makes people feel disgusted•在 It 假收
unexpected Mnikspektid/
地，扔得到处都是的废弃物令人讨厌：
a. occurring without warning; unforeseen 想不到
② 一窝（仔崽）a 汾 你 o/ jtmppf從一窝狗崽
的、意外的 Many unexpected things can hap-
③ （一堆）杂乱的东西i/i a ZiZkr — 片凌乱，乱
pew m one’s /诉.人的一生当中会发生很多意
七八糟
想不到的事
vA to scatter about 乱扔东西于 冰 pic/iic/c-
handle /haendl/ ers litter the beach with food wrappers. 自
【助记】hand( 手 ) 方 便 手 操 作 的 东 西 —把手 私的野餐者乱扔包装纸使海滩杂乱不堪，
v•① to deal with or have responsibility for 处理 vi'.乱扔废弃物A m Y MWer. 勿乱丢杂物
•198.largely /la：d3ii/ 批评散布谣言。
arf. 大部分，主要地 swccess tms torge/y dwe 【用法】表示“新闻媒介”时，是名词medium的复数
to hard work.他的成功主要靠努力、 形式，但现在media多用作一个单数的集合名
词，作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数3
ignorance /ignerens/
【助记】i(not)+gnor(知道）+ance—►无知 evidence /evidans/
n. the condition of being uneducated, unaware, 【助记】e(out) +vid(看）+ence—► 看得出来的线索—
or uninformed 无知 切norance is 迹象
it is folly to be wise. I诉]该糊涂的时候就要 n. a thing or set of things helpful in forming a
糊涂。 conclusion or judgment 证据，迹象 77祕；
【派生】ignorant a•无知的，愚昧的 had enough evidence to prove him guilty.
警方有充分的证据证明他有罪
neglect /m'glekt/
【短语】in evidence可看见的，明显的
【助记】neg(否定）+lect(选择)—不去选择—忽略
vL ®to fail to take care of or to give attention document /dokjumsnt/
to (sb. or sth.)忽略介’s gwi化 执加 w•文件 carflro 货运单据 // cor^iden-
career women neglect their families and tiai document 保 密 文 献
执eir cW/drew.职业女性忽略家庭和孩子的现 vt. to create a record of sth. through writing,
象很常见。 film, photography, etc. iBit Interpretation of
②to fail to do sth. 疏忽 77祕 employee zms Dreams is highly documented with actual
fired in that he neglected his duty.达名灸 coses.《梦的解析》记录了大量真实病例。
工由于失职而被解雇。 【派生】documentary a• 文件的；纪实的/!•纪录影
n .疏忽 The car shows signs of neglect•这 i气年 片，纪实节目
看样子疏于保养。
curb
/k3：b/
专四真题 vt to control or limit sth.控制 curb o w ’s
Not only had Ed insulted this man by hint 抑制愤怒
ing that he was a garbageman, but he had /i.①控制 i/i的 interest rates a curb on
obviously neglected to tip him. 设. 高利率抑制了消费：
译文：艾德不仅因为把这个人省作是收垃圾的而 ②(街道或人行道的）路 缘 over to
羞辱了他，而且显然还忘记给这个人小费了。 curb. 我把车靠路边停下了 D
migrate /maigreit/
provided /pravaidid/
【助记】migr(移动）+ate~^迁移
a?/i/ on the condition; if 假如，若是 77祕 cfci/dren
vi. ®to move from one area to another at dif-
may swim provided an adult accompanies
ferent times of the year (候鸟等）迁徙
执仿队如果有大人陪同，小孩可以去游泳c
birds migrate to find warmer weather.有
【用法】表达“假如…”可以说：〜 （that)…或provid-
些鸟迁徙以寻找更溫暖的气候。
ing (that)...，that 可省略。
©to go to another area or country, esp. in
lest /lest/ order to find work ^ ® Amei'icans have been
con/ for fear that 唯恐 We spoke in whispers migrating south and west in larger number'
lest we (shotdd) be heard.我们低声说话，唯 since WorW War//.二战后，美国人一直在以
恐被别人听到。 更大的规模向南部和西部迁徙，
【用法】lest引导的从句要用虚拟语气，从句的动词 【派生】migration w•迁徙，移居
用“ (should+)动词原形”。
immigrate /imigreit/
media /mirdia/ 【助记】im(inside)+migrate(移动）一► 向内移动一► 移
n.新闻媒介 The media is/are sometimes criti- 居入境
ci；2^d/or rumors. 新闻媒体有时被 v/. to come into a country in order to live there
•199.permanently (从外国）移入，移居入境 nevertheless /.nevafia'les/
from many countries immigrated to Cana- ad. in spite of what has just been said 仍然
cta cmrf /肋 f/S许多国家的人移民^加拿大和美国 Our defeat was expected; nevertheless, it
【派生】immigration w• 移居，移民 // immigrant /!.移 失败是意料中的事；尽管如
民仏移民的，侨民的 此，还是令人失望。
emigrate /ermgreit/ oppose /epauz/
【助记】e(out)+migrate(移动)一►向外移动一► 移居国外 【助记】op(against)+pose(姿势)一► 摆出相反的姿态—
vi. to leave your own country in order to live in 反对
another country 移居国外【反 immigrate】 vt to disagree with or disapprove of (sth. or sb.)
emigrated from Britain to Amei'ica to find 反对【反support】r// nof 0仰ose 2/ow.我不反
祕orfc.为了找工作，他从英国移居到了美国 对你。
【派生】emigrant /!•移居外国的人// emigration n. 【派生】opposition n• 反对；反对派
移居外阂
obstacle /*Dbst kl/
9
penetrate /pemtreit/ 【助记】ob (against)+sta(站立)+d e~♦反着立在中间—
v. ①to enter sth. and pass or spread through
障碍物
it, esp. when this is difficult 渗入；穿过 77ie /!• sth. that makes it difficult to do sth• 障碍（物）
rain penetrated through to his skin .雨把他 Fear of change is an obstacle to progress.
淋了个选心凉〇 // The arrow penetrated through 害怕变革是进步的拦路虎。
the taiyet, just in the centre.箭射宵了 把子
negotiate /mgauj ieit/
的中心。
(Dto succeed in understanding or finding sth. v/•① to agree on sth. by formally discussing it
洞察 Don’t bother to penetrate gi7is’ minds 协商 They are negotiating a contract•他们
as they are always changing.钒费心机去洞 正在协商合同。
察女孩的心思，因为她们总在变Q ©to get over, through, or around sth. sue-
cessfully 顺 利 通 过 均 化d
capture /kaept; 0/
/ence 我的马轻易地跳过围柵。
v/•① to take and hold sb. as a prisoner esp. vi•协商 It is difficuU to negotiate when nei-
by using force 捕获 The criminal was cap 认△双方 彼 此 不 信 任 便 很 难 进 行 协 商
tured when trying to escape from the city. 【派生】negotiation w• 谈判，协商
罪犯在企图逃离这座城市时被捕获。
opponent /a'paunant/
②to get control of (a place) esp. by using
force 占领 77说 cap如red a/fer a 【助记】op (against) +pon (放置）+ent (表人）一*•置身
siege lasting ten days.经过长达十又的風攻， 于反对立场的人一> 对手
那个城镇终于被攻陷了。 n. ®sb. who you try to defeat in a competition,
//.①捕获esm/祀 capft/re逃避俘获 game, fight, or argument ^ ¥ There's no
②占领cap/wre o / a 办i//占领一个小山 eternal friend or opponent in the business
circte.商场上没有永远的朋友,也没有永远的对手。
decade /dekeid/
•②反对者 She is one of the strongest oppo-
/1. 十年 PHces have risen steadily during the newte 0/ tor re/orm.她是税收改革最强烈的
ctecade.过去十年间物价不断上涨。 反对者之一。
【归类卡片】表示数量的前缀 “
【辨 析 】表示 对 手 ，敌手 ”的名词
10=dec decade十年 opponent:最常用词，通常指在争论、辩论、竞赛以
1/10=deci decimeter 分米 及其他各种矛盾冲突中，站在对立面的“对手”
100=cent century百年，世纪 competitor:指为同一目标或目的竞争者，一般无
1/100=centi centimeter 厘米 感情色彩
1000=kilo kilogram 千克 rival:指与某人目标一致而想赶上或超过他的
1/1000=milli millimeter 毫米 人，匹敌者
^ ■ J
•200.yield /ji:id/ partial fpa：\?\/
【助记】这块田地(field)出产(yield)稻米 【助记】part(部分)+ial—♦•部分的
v»•.①to stop resisting sth. or sb.(~r〇)屈服 77^2/ fl•① not complete or total 部分的 d切
are not the kind of people to yield to diffi- 部分的不同
cw收 s. 他们不是那种向困难低头的人 ②to treat one person, group, or thing better
②to move, bend or break because of pres- than another (〜如1偏爱的；偏心的/’m
sure 倒塌，断裂 The shelf is beginning to pcrr^a/如 cream cates.我特别喜欢吃奶油蛋
yield under that heavy weight 莱千承受不 7 糕 // The referee was accused of being
那样的重量，开始塌下去了。 partial towards the home team.我利被指责
w•① to produce or provide sth., eg. a profit, 偏袒主队。
result or crop 产生；出 产 尸 /and
bias /'baias/
good crops.沃土出好庄稼 // an inve对
【助记1 发音：“甶饿死”―甶白饿死是因为对食物有
that yielded high profits产i 高额利润的投资
“偏见”
(2)to allow sb. to win, have or take control
n. an opinion about whether a person, group,
of sth. that has been yours until now 让出，
or idea is good or bad which influences
协弃 They refined to yield the fortress to
how you deal with it 偏心；偏见 /wve cr
他们拒绝把要塞拼手让给敌人
toward 偏 重 ，偏爱 // As a teacher you
n .产量a high yield of fru it水策的产量高
shouldn’t have a bias toward your student.，
no matter he is smart or naughty.作为一
staple /steipi/
名老师你不能对你的学生有偏见，不论他们是聪
n•① il 书幻 He used a pair of scisscn's to take
明还是顽皮。
the staple out of the document•他用剪乃将
w. to unfairly influence attitudes, choices, or
订书钉从文件上取了出来
decisions 使有偏见 //is experiences bios
② 主食 Rice is a staple in many Asian
against businessmen.他的经历使他对商人抱
大米是许多亚洲国家的主食
有偏见。
③ 主要产品•Bcmcrnos cmd swgar are /加以a-
ptes 〇/ Jamaica. 香蕉和蔗糖是牙买加的主要 prejudice /*pred3udis/
产品:j 【助记】pre (before) +judice (判断）一► 先人为主的判
v A 用订书钉订汾ap/e /以invoice a n d r e - 断，产生“偏见”
ceipf to供执er. 把发票和收据订在一起 it. an unreasonable dislike and distrust of peo
•① principal; main 主要的 主要 ple who are different from you in some way,
市乌 esp. because of their race, sex, religion etc.
② used, needed, or enjoyed constantly by 偏见 A judge must be free from pr啦dice.
many people经常需要的//e⑼ 騰 W 执 法官不应带有偏见
his staple excuse that he was too busy.他 vt. ®to influence sb. so that they have an un
又拿出惯用的借口，说他太忙了 fair or unreasonable opinion about sb. or
【派生】stapler/!•订书机 sth.使有偏见 One unfortunate experience
prejudiced him against all lawyers. 一次不
neutral /nju：trai/
幸的遭遇使他对所有的律师都抱有偏见。
【助记】neutr(两者都不）+al—中立的
② to have a harmful effect on sth•损害 /
a. ① belonging to neither side in a controversy
don’t want to prejudice your chances in
中立的 That country 7.emained neutral in
any w;a2/.我决不想破坏你的机会
祕ar. 那个国家在那场战争中保持中立
【派生】unprejudiced a•无偏见的，公正的
②belonging to neither kind; not one thing or
the other 中性的 /s a new^raZ K；ord /〇?• preference /'prefarans/
‘7error^r? “恐怖分子•’一词有中性的说法吗？ 【助记】prefer(更喜欢）+ence— 偏爱
•201 •/i. (D偏爱 Zn compiler 分am^s, / a pre/er- to reserveroom.你要预订房间，就得先付
ence for The Age of the Empire.在电子游戍 定金。
中，我偏爱《帝国时代》。 ② 存款 The interest of the current account
②偏爱的事物（或人）Wfeaf are 2/⑽r mu5ica/ is lower than that of the deposit account.
;>re/ere?ices?你喜爱的音乐是什么音乐？ 活期存款的利息比定期存款的低。
【派生】preferable a•更适合的，更可取的 ③ 沉积物biocfe^mica/ “生物化学沉积
v/•① to leave a layer of a substance on the
instinct Anstirjkt/
surface of sth. 使沉淀 执e Mte
【助记】in+stinct(刺)— 内在的刺激—本能
is in flood， it deposits a layer of mud on
n. a natural ability 本能汾ru仰 /or* swryira/
⑽ /idds.尼罗河泛滥时在田野上沉积一层泥。
w a /mman in5rtnc<.求生是人类的本能。
©to put or leave sb. or sth. in a particular
scheme /ski：m/ place ^ 1iSL You can deposit your bags at the
coww㈣ 你可将袋子存放在柜台处。
/i.①an official plan or program of action i十划
a sc/ieme 订计划，拟方案 ③to put (money) in a bank account 储蓄 /
deposited all my money in the bank. 我把
②a clever and often dishonest plan to do or
所有的钱都存在银行里，
get sth• 阴谋【同 plot】 AM 执^ 扔 and
intrigues are doomed to failure/faU•—切讯
patrol /pe'traul/
谋诡计都是注定要失敗的。
v. to walk or go around or through, esp. in or
vi. to make plans to do or get sth. in a secret
der to make sure that it is safe 巡逻 77论
and often dishonest way 密谋 /fe to
waters here are patrolled by the enemy
keep his rivals in ignorance of his plans.
mariners emd 敌人的潜艇日日夜
他图谋不让他的对手们知道他的计划。
夜都在这一带海域巡逻。// PoZice pc^roZ af
triumph Araiamf/ night guarding the town.警察夜间巡逆，护卫
着城市3
/!•①胜利 77祕 /〇〇仂a/Z team ac/2iei;ed a com-
/i.巡逻；巡運兵cmpo^roZ在巡逻，侦察中
pte切 iW以mpfo.足球队大获全胜。
②喜悦 The winning team held up the gold-
cruise /kru：z/
挪 cz/p in 获胜的队伍高兴地举起
v•① to travel on a boat or ship to a number of
金杯。
places as a vacation 航游 She cruised the
vi. to achieve victory esp. in a long or difficult
mna/s o/Frcmce in a barge.她乘游艇航游法
contest If fit Our team triumphed over theirs.
国的运河。// a racc^ion arozmd
我们这队胜了他们那队。
Caribbean环游加勒比海的度假航行
【派生】triumphant a• 胜利的，成功的
②to drive or be driven slowly 缓慢巡行 Qwite
estate /isteit/ a few tuxis are cruising for fares near the
cinema. 不少计程车在电影院附近转悠着等着
【助记】e+sta(站立）+te— 站立不动—土地
拉客。
w.①土地 Li Jiacheng owns a large estate in
/i. 航游分〇 cm a 如...乘游船去…
//or^r/for^.李嘉诚在香港有大量的地产。
【派生】cruiser/!•巡洋舰；有船舱的游艇
② 财产 She left her estate to her husband.
她把财产留给了丈夫。 专四真题
③ 庄茵 He kas a beautiful estate near Lon-
From anywhere between US $2 and $9.50,
rfon.他在离伦敦不远处有一个美丽的庄园。
you can use the canal bus or a water taxi
to cruise the 4*Venice of the NorthM.
deposit /dipDzit/
译文：只需花上2 到9.5美元，你就可以从任何地
【助记】de(down)*fposit(放置）一► 被放置起来的东
方乘坐河上巴士或水上的士游览这座“北方的成
西—存款
尼斯”。
/!.①订金 You must pay a deposit if you want
•202Craft /kra:ft/ vt. to give information or instructions to sb. !〇]•••
n .①工艺 Making jewels requires great craft. 介绍基本情况 “Afozarf’s ims
制作珠宝需要高超的工艺。 “Can you brief me on his music and life?”
②船，航空器 J7ie harbo?* was fuU of all “莫扎特的一生是短暂的你能为我简要介绍
fcirwteo/cm/i.港内泊满了各式各样的船只。 一下他的音乐和他的一生吗？”
【用法】意为“船”、“航空器”时，craft单复数相同。 n•摘要 Griffith’s expertise is in writing legal
【派生】craftsman w• 工 匠 // crafty a.狡猾的 6rie/s.格里菲思的专长在于撰写法律案情摘要。
【短语】in brief 简言之 in
clumsy /klAmzi/
makes the whole world a small village. 全
a. ①moving or doing things in a very awkward
球化，简言之，就是使整个世界变成一个小村子。
way 笨拙的 Many young people today are 【派生】briefing it• 情况的简要介绍；简报
clumsy at housewo?ic.如今许多年轻&做家务
笨手笨脚的。 bracket /brsekit/
② said or done carelessly or badly, and n.①括号 Put your name in b7rwkets at the
likely to upset sb•不得体的 L % a 續p o/eacfc 把你的名字填写在每页上端
to 莉莉本想道歉 ， 的括号内3
但词语生硬。 ② 等级段 Their incomes are brought into a
他们的收入已进入一个较高的
architecture /a：kitekt/9/
等级段。
n•①建筑学 He obtained a diploma in archi-
③ 壁架 The woi'ker fired a bracket on the
於以汉作.他获得了建筑学的学位证书 切〇«.工人在墙上固定了一个支架s
②建筑式样 The style of architecture origi vr. ①把…置于括号内/ 犰infc yow stowW bradc-
nated from the ancient Greeks. 达种 連氣队 以执is 我认为你应该给这个词加上括号
格起源于古希腊。 ②to classify or group together 把…归入同一
【派生】architect /!•建筑师
类 Most English people bracket American
/* — Y >-----------^ .T- m I-7-~ and Canadian accents together, k 多教英笛
cite /salt/
人都把美国音和加拿大音归为同一类C
vt. ®to write or say the words of (a book, au-
thor, etc.)引用 77^ mini名仏r faulty /f〇：iti/
crime figures as proof of the need for more a. having a mistake, fault, or weakness 有错误
poZice.部长引用最近犯罪的数字证明需要更多 的，出毛病的 77i|政府不和议员们协商，这使得他们很愤怒。
8. [C]有时候赠以礼物胜过语言交流，因为礼物传达的信息可以跨越语言障碍和文化的差异。
9. [C]老板令我失望了那么多次，我不再相信他的任何诺言了。
10. [D]相互尊重领土完整是两国发展关系的基础之一。
11. [C]这门课程的吸引人的特色之一是实践工作和学科的理论方面结合在一起。
12. [B] — 个特别尖的下巴是他最令人难忘的面部特征。
13. [D】送礼物能表达出丰富的意义，既可表示出你对他们热情招待的感激，又能表达出你把这种关系看
.206.得有多重要。
14. 丨A】他们的足球队是否会赢与我无关。
15. [B]尽管她以一个地方流行组合歌手的身份开始自己的职业生涯，但现在她已经是一位耀眼的好莱
坞影星了。
16. [B】政府对烟草课以重税，这引起了烟草业的反对
17. 丨B】只要你向我们提供所有必要的信息，我们就能立即为你做这项工作
18. 丨D】他受到了惩罚，以免他再犯同样的错误
19. [C]这项调查吸引了新闻媒介的广泛报道，并在BBC电视台的《明日世界》中得到专题报道
20. 丨C ]我们发现一些鸟每年都会在炎热和寒冷的国家之间迁徙两次：
21. 丨A】英语不好可能会严重妨碍你实现自己的目标，
22. [D]他向顾客作了让步，降了一半的价。
23. [B]咖啡是这个地区的主要产品，给当地农民带来很多收入
24. [A]据说，数学老师似乎偏袒聪明的学生
25. [A]每种文化都有自己偏爱的饮食，并且对异族文化的饮食有同样强烈的否定态度
26. [C]人类的行为主要是后天学习的结果，而动物的行为则主要源于本能
27. [C]足球锦标赛的获胜者得意地举起银杯跑出比赛场地
28. [C]在许多地方你都可以租自行车，通常你得付押金。
29. [B】这台机器看起来像一台又大又笨的老式打字机
30. ID1当任何产品的供应超过需求时，价格就会下降
. 207.( m _ m
冊
单词预习+返记
□reluctant □intellectual □tough □routine □entrepreneur □thunder
□reasonable □stimulate □shortage □reserve □schedule □withdraw
□presumably □indispensable □shrink □reservation □launch □inspect
□status □appeal □withhold □persist □candidate □link
□possess □insistent □similar □persistent □elect □accompany
□sociable □utter □count □chronic □uphold □apology
□environment □endeavo(u)r □stock □symptom □cooperate □leap
□atmosphere □impact □survey □respond □recall □lean
□municipal □temporary □random □response □addition □ethnic
□metropolitan □moral □casual □scrutiny □manifest □ghetto
□typical □mortal □select □probe □instance □slum
□profound □cradle □ease □execute □complement □tease
□academic □stable □uneasy □executive □compound □scorn
□expertise □steady □tolerate □supreme □singular □irony
□scholarship □interrupt □tolerance □undertake □plural □humiliate
□intellect □tension □agenda □enterprise □supplement □dread
reluctant /n'lAktant/ delayed the flight.大板恶劣的天气使飞机误
【助记】re (against) +luct(播扎）+ant—► 不情愿的 点了。
a•不 情愿的【同 unwilling】/n 妙 / am
Status /steitas/
reluctant to get out of bed every morning.
/i .①position relative to that of others; standing
冬天的时候每天早晨我都不愿起床C
地位，身 份 Cfeiwese women’s 5切⑼5 办似fteew
【派生】reluctance w.不情愿，勉强
众m / % improved. 中国妇女的地位得到了很大
reasonable /'riizanebl/ 提高。
【助记】reason(理山）+able—>合理的 ② the state of affairs; the situation 情形
a .① 通 情 达 理 的 通情达理的人 What’s the status of the peace talks?和後的
② governed by or being in accordance with 情况如何？
reason or sound thinking / will accept
possess /pa'zes/
your proposal if your budget is reasonable.
vt. to have as property; own 拥有 /《is said
如果你的预算合理的话，我就接受你的提议
that "Viagra" possesses magical powers that
③ not excessive or extreme; fair 公道的 mi-
can cure 据说“伟哥”具有治疗阳
pr/ce公平的价格
痿的神奇功效
j being within the bounds of common sense
过得去的 reasonable weather，health， food sociable /saujabl/
过得去的天气、健康状况、食物 a• 好交际的【反unsociable】 如〇执-
【派生】unreasonable a• 不〖并道理的：不合理的，过 ers and sisters tend to be less sociable. /4
分的 有兄弟姐妹的人大多更不合群
presumably /pn'zjuimabii/ environment /mvaiaranmant/
ad. very likely 大概 ad 执er
n. ①all the situations, events, people etc. that
•208.influence the way in which people live or profound /prafaund/
work 环境 Aw ⑹ 【助记】pro(forward)+found(底部)—深度的
can affect a child’s behavior.不幸的家 A 环 a. ① deep or far below the surface of sth. 深度
境会影响孩子的行为。 的，深远的
②[如 the air, water, and land in which thing profound in the human psyche.她的
people, animals, and plants live 自然环境 作品涉及了人类心灵深处的某种东西
More legislation is needed to protect the ②having, showing, or requiring great insight
需要制定更多的法律来保护环 or understanding知识渊博的，深奥的//e办似
境。 a profound knowledge of mathematics.他数
【派生】environmental 亿环境的 // environmental 学知识渊博 // He 7*egarded it as profound
ist w.环境保护工作者 他认为这里面有深奥的哲理
【一言辨异】environment，surroundings
academic /.sekademik/
The two brothers grew up in beautiful sur
a .①学院的academic year学年
roundings but not in a pleasant home envi-
②纯理论的cm academic gwesrtcm纯理论问
ro/i/we/".兄弟俩在优美的环境中长大，但家庭环境
题
不算好。
n.大学教师；学者 /fer /rnicrnd is a
academic. 她的丈夫是一位著名的学者
【派生】academy w.学院；学会
【助记】atmo(气体)+sphere(球体)一► 大气层
n .①：k 气层 The greenhouse effect is gradually expertise /.eksp3:’ti:z/
warming the earth’s atmosphere. 品'室故良正 【助记】expert(专家）+ise—••专门知识
使地球的大气层逐漸变暖。
/i. skill or knowledge in a particular area 专门知
② the air in a particular place or area 空气
识，专长 Industry is being starved of tech-
The room has a stuffy atmosphere•达个房 nica/ 工业界技术力量匮乏
间空气闷热。
③ the particular way a place or situation scholarship /skoiajip/
makes you feel 环境 The harmonizing at 【助记】scholar (学者）+ship— 学问
mosphere of a family is yaluable. 策 A 的缺 ① 奖学金 F〇7, a few， scholarships were sources
洽氛围是难能可贵的。 o/swjppor/..对少数人来说，奖学金是他们受教育
【派生】atmospheric仏大气层的；空气的 的学费来源。
② academic study or achievement; learning
municipal /mjuinisipal/
of a high level 学问；学术研究 /fcr ^ a
【助记】muni(服务）+cip( 从 从 事 城 市 公 共
fine piece of scholarship.地写的那本年是一
服务的—市政的 部卓越的学术著作。
仏市的，市政的 *5/紹 in a rmmicipa/
办她在一所市立的图书馆工作。 intellect /'mtiiekt/
【助记】intel (between) +lect (选择）一► 从中选择需要
metropolitan /.metre'politan/
“智力”
a. of or relating to a large city and the sur- /!•① the ability to think in a logical way 智力
rounding cities and towns 大城市的 //e w;os
is a irwm 〇/ 分代如 牛顿有
fed up with the crowded metropolitan
非凡的才智。
stre祝5.他厌倦了拥挤的大城市街道。
②a very smart person 才智非凡的人 some 〇/
【派生】metropolis w• 大城市，都会
the greatest intellects in the world of sci-
ewce科学界中几位最伟大的智者
typical /tipiioi/
a•典型的 This painting is fairly typical of his intellectual /.inti'lektjuai/
ear/?/ 这幅画是他早期作品相当典型的代
a•智力的 To protect intellectual property rights，
表作。
we should mthlessly cr'ack down on piracy.
•209.要保护知识产权，我们必须严厉打击盗版 insistent /insistent/
/I.知 iP、分子 These views were common among a. ① demanding firmly and repeatedly that sth.
intellect2tals.这些观点在知识分子中很普通 should happen坚持的，坚持要求的■ 欲以
insistent that everyone should be punctual.
stimulate /stimjuieit/
她坚持要大家准时。
w•① to encourage an activity to begin or de-
② making a continuous pattern of sounds
velop further 刺激 对 ra仏 Zncrecr從
that is difficult to ignore 持续的 77犯 i似is
directly stimulates saving and reduces real
rhythm of piano penetrated the house.钢琴
eapradi⑽re. 利率的增长直接刺激储蓄并降低
持续的韵律在房子里回荡。
实际支出。
③ demanding attention or a response 紧急的
②激励 An inspiring teacher can stijnulate
There are insistent demands of the army
students to succeed. —个富有启发性的教师可
/or more /w/wte. 军队有需要增加军费的紧急
以激励学生取得成功
要求u
【派生】stimulation /I•激励，促进 // stimulus [/?/•
相imWil/i• 刺激（物）；激励 utter /Ate/
vt. to pronounce or speak She didn't utter a
indispensable /.indispensabi/
word all night.地整晚没令声
a. absolutely necessary; essential (〜to,/〇/•)必不
a. complete; absolute; entire 完全的 w 你 ctorfc-
可少的 Air cmd are to
ness 漆 M、
空气和水是生命所必需的东西
endea vo (u} r /in'deva/
appeal / 離 1 /
【助记】en(使)+deavor(责任)一>负起责任一♦ 努力
w. JL 呼 吁 ，恳求 ma/ce cm a沙ea/ to /or 5仇
vi. to seriously or continually try to do (sth.)努
向某人呼吁，希望得到某物
力 t 尝试 Sweden endeavors to rank among
② 有吸弓\力 This kind of music hasn’t much
tke world powers in table tennis.瑞典力图
a即ea//or 这类音乐对我没有吸引力
在世界乒乓球强国中占有一席之地。
③ 上诉court of appeal上诉法院
11. 努力，尝试 Despite our best endeavours，
v•① to make a serious public request for help,
we couldn’t start the car.表们黾然尽 了氣:k
money, information etc.呼 吁 ，恳求 S/祕叩 -
努力，但还是无法启动车子。
pealed to the kidnappers to release her son.
她哀求绑匪释放她的儿子. impact /impaekt/
② to be attractive or interesting 有吸引力 77紹 （D 影响 Her speech made a tremendous im-
range of topics will appeal to youngsters. paet on everyone.她的演说对大家震动很大。
这类话题对年轻人有吸引力 ②冲击 The bomb exploded on impact,炸弹
③ to apply to a higher court to review and 在撞击时立即爆炸。
change a decision ±.i^ They have 48 hours v•① to have a strong and often bad effect on
to op/祀a/ 他们可在48小时之内 (sth. or sb.)影卩向 77^e coste 忉似 impad on
对此决定提出上诉D owr 这些费用会影响到我们的利润。
【派生】appealing a•吸引人的 // Imports of stainless products continued to
进口的不诱钢产品继续冲击利润。
专四真题
②to strike forcefully 冲击 77祕 impacted
Great writers are those who not only have
against the bat with a loud noise.球棱击球
great thoughts but also express these
棒，发出很大的响声c
thoughts in words which appeal powerfully
to our minds and emotions. temporary Aemparari/
译文：伟大的作家都是这样一些人，他们不仅具 【助记】tempor (时间）+ary~>暂时的
有伟大的思想，而且能够运用打动人心、激发热 a. lasting, used, serving, or enjoyed for a lim-
情的词语来表达这些思想_
ited time 暂时的 7Ms arnm分emeW
•210.於m pom ^ 这一安排只是临时的 坚固，稳定性
moral /'moral/ steady /stedi/
fl.道德(上)的【反 immoral】A po对 noi;- a. ®not shaking or moving ^4 steady hand
elist usually refuses to make any moral weated to fte a 做一名外科医生
judgment in his work.后现代主义作家通常 手要稳、不顫抖。
拒绝在他的作品中做任何道德评判 ② lasting or continuing for a long period of
n .① \pl.]道德 Some people have no business time in a dependable way 稳定的 a steady
morate.有些人毫无商业道德 jofe —份稳定的工作
②寓意 Wkat’s the moral of the st〇7、y?这个 ③ dependable or reliable 稳 重 的 私
故事的寓意是什么？ considered a steady man by most of his
【派生】morality n•道德 CO价0^21從.他的大多数同事都认为他是个稳重
的人。
mortal 細 :ti/
v .(使)平稳 He grabbed the table to steady him-
【助记】mort(死）+al—► 致命的
從(/；他抓住桌子，试图使自己站穩。//77⑷do/-
a. (D终有一死的 It is an indisputable fact that
lar has steadied after early losses on the
maw is mor如Z.人（早晚）都会死，这是无可争
mon^/ martote. 美元在货币市场经历了早些
辩的事实。
时候的下跌之后，现在已经穗定下来。
② causing death 致命的 a r/iorfa/ 致
命伤 interrupt /.intaVApt/
③ 不共戴天的morto/ enemy不共戴天的敌人 【助记】111说1*(56〖评6611)+111卩!；(断裂)一>>打断
n. X I just assumed you were a mere mortal v. to ask questions or say things while another
Zito rest 〇/ 仏s. 我想当然地以为你和我们 person is speaking 打断 It is not polite to
一样是平常人了。 interrupt when someone is talking.在钒人
【派生】immortal a• 永垂不朽的，流芳百世的 讲话时插嘴是不礼tt的。 // She began to ex
plain but I interrupted her. 她 开始解■释 ，但
cradle /kreidi/
我打断了她。
【助记】烛(candle)光里的妈妈看若摇篮（cradle)里
的婴儿 tension /'ten； an/
n. (J)摇篮 What is learned in the cradle lasts /i•①mental, emotional, or nervous strain(情绪上
(i/Z如？分rare.婴孩时期学到的东西，老死不会 的）紧张emortowa/ imsion情绪紧张
忘记D ② a strained relationship between people or
②a place of origin; a birthplace 发源地 Greece groups紧张局势（或关系、状况）且 * ’s
〇/ cwWwre. 希腊是西 to crea切 似.制造国
方文化的发源地。 际紧张局势是不明智的。
v/. to hold or support protectively 轻轻地抱 77犯 ③ the state of being stretched tight 绷紧 77紹
mother cradled the child in her arm s.妈妈 tension was so great that the rope broke.
把宝宝轻轻地抱在怀里 绳子拉得太紧，绷断了。
④ the degree to which sth. is stretched 张力
stable /steibi/
This wire will take 50 pounds tension. 这
a. ①steady and not likely to move or change
根金属线能承受50磅的张力，
稳定的，稳 固 的 diair i s w Y s 切厶te.
【派生】tense a•拉紧的；紧张的
这把椅子不大稳固。^ peace稳固的和平
②(of a person) not easily upset or disturbed tough /tAf/
沉稳的a m
他极其粗鲁
专四真题 count /kaunt/
v. (Dto say numbers in order 数数 77犯 to夕
After discovering how resourceful she can
car? ccmnf wp to a /towscmd 这个小男孩能
be in tough times, Cindy is no longer easily
够数到一千。
discouraged.
② to add (people or things) together to find
译文：辛迪发现在困难的时刻，自己原来可以这
the total number 计算 /广$ pos-
么有办法，这让她不再那么容易沮丧了
sible to count so quickly.计算得这么快是&
shortage //〇：tid3/ 力无法做到的_
n. a situation in which there is not enough of ③ to consider or regard (sb. or sth.) in a
sth. that people need 缺少 /n deve/oped specified wayitA.tiJS If you're going for
a picnic this weekend^ count me in .如果这
countries，there’s a great shortage of labor
个周末你们去野餐，把我也算上
/orce.发达国家劳动力非常缺乏
vi_. to rely on(〜owl依靠，指望 Fcm car?7 cown尤
shrink /jriQk/ cm 切⑽认er 分/iwe你不能指望天气会
v. ®to become smaller, or to make sth. small 好转。
er, through the effects of heat or wateMS:^ 【短语】count on/upon 指望… // count against (被）
This detergent won’t shrink wool.这种洗洁 认为对…不利// count in把…辉人// count out
液不会使毛料收缩。/ / i/. sfcriM ^ / 不把…算入
尨？要是我用水洗，它会缩水吗？ 【派生】countable «• 可数的// countless仏无数的
②to move back or away, esp. in fear 退缩
Stock /stnk/
A shy man shiinks from meeting strangers.
羞怯的人怕见生人 w•①the supply of goods available for sale in a
【用法】过去式shrank,过去分词shrunk store 库存 But now while stocks last!尚有余
货，欲购从速！
withhold /wia'hauid/
② share 股票 She invested most of her sav-
【助记】with(back)+hold—►抑制 in stoc/cs. 她把大部分存款投资在股票上
叱 ①to refuse to provide (sth.)拒绝 V7ms ③ 世系a mar? 〇/ s/oc/c —个苏格兰
withheld from, many applicants for siudy- 血统的男子
?:/设 abroad. 许多申请出国留学的人都被拒签 ④ 汤计Brown Onion Stock栋色洋患原汁汤
②to hold sth. back 抑 制 ？ ir^/brma- ⑤[ 总称】家 畜 stoc/c家畜
tion隐瞒消息 v. to provide or fill with goods, items, or a sup-
【用法】过去式、过去分词为withheld。 ply of sth. 储备 Wfee?? parewte 如挪 to
their children for a few days, they'll care-
similar /simile/
fully stock the refrigerator with food•父母要
仏相似的，近似的【反dissimilar】 Go以 w
离开孩子几天时，会细心地在冰箱里储备食物
•212// stock up on canned goods 贮备罐头食品 select /si.lekt/
a. sth. that is available in a shop and does not 【助记】se(apart)+lect(选择)—选择
have to be ordered 常用的 77犯 stop sdte v/. to pick out 选择 Fbw ecm setecf 分oocte /rom
shoes in aU the stock sizes.该商店出售所有 owr 你可以从我们的目录中选择商品
常备尺码的鞋子。 ① 精选的A 從tec/分rowp inv?•仏d to如?
【短语】in stock有库存的// take stock of对… wedding reception. —群经过挑选的人士被邀
估价，判断// out of stock脱销的77犯 6oo/c 请参加婚宴。
is out of stock• 该年已阮销。 ② 优等的 This is a very select area; you
have to be rich to live here.这先高级住宅
survey /*s3： vei/
区，你必须有钱才能住在这里。
【助记】sur(over)+vey(看)一►从上往下看一►调査
【派生】selection if• 选择，供选择之物// selective
/!•①调查 The latest survey shows a majority
a.选择的；挑拣的
in support of government policy.最新的民
意调查表明大多数民众支持政府政策 ease /i：z/
② 测 M The surveyor made a survey of the n. ①容易 She passed the test with ease.地较
tand.测量员对土地进行了测量 而易举地考及格了。
③ 全面审视，概 括 论 述 a swryey 〇/ ② 悠 闲 /fe Z?:i尼d a 以/^〇/的從.他过着安逸的
似 英 国 文 学 概 观 生活。
vt. ®to ask a large number of people questions v . 缓和【同 relieve】 More oi/irfoor exercises cowW
in order to find out their attitudes or opin- ease the pressure on primary school pupils.
ions 调查 Almost 60% of those surveyed 增加户外活动可减轻小学生的压力。// Tension
said they supported the President’s action. eased among the passengers as the fog lift-
在被调查人中有几乎60% 的人支持总统的行动 e d 随着雾的消散，乘客们的紧张心情慢慢缓和
(Dto look at and examine all parts of (sth.) 下来。
测量 survey a railway M量一条恢路 【短语】at ease安适，不拘束// ease of^up减轻，
③to give a general description or report of 减M The noise didn’t ease up for some time.
全面审视，概括论述LW’s ⑼ente 有一阵儿噪音并未减弱。
wp to W 咱们全面回顾一下
uneasy Mn'iizi/
导致这一罪行的所有事件,
【助记】un(not)+easy(安心的)一Ml、神不安的
random f raendem/ a.心神不安的，担 心 的 价 tms imeos" M o W
a. having no specificp attern, purpose, or ob- cteci^ion.他对我的决定感到不安。
jective任意的，随机的a random sampte随 【派生】uneasiness w• 心神不安，担心
机的抽样
tolerate /tnlareit/
【短语】at random任意地77於 magician
【助记】toler(忍受）+ate—►容忍
the audience to choose a card at random.
v/.①to allow or permit 容许 77?右 sc/ioo/
魔术师让观众随意抽一张牌。
tolerate students cheating on their exams.
Casual /'kae3U9l/ 学校不容许学生考试作弊。
a.①showing little interest or concern 冷淡的//is (Dto accept or be patient regarding (sth. un
wanner arm〇2/ed me. 他冷淡的态度令 pleasant or undesirable); endure # S tolei'ate
我恼火。 one’s bad temper容忍策人的坏牌气
② relaxed or informal 非正式的 77於分weste 【派生】toleration /i• 容忍，忍受
w;ore cmwa/ dories. 客人们穿着便服
tolerance /tDiarans/
③ occurring or being such by chance 偶然的
//.① willingness to accept feelings, habits, or
a casua/ ewcown於r 巧遇
beliefs that are different from your own 宽容
④ employed on an irregular basis 临时的 ca-
Tolerance between nations in the world is
swa/ /adowm*临时工人
•213.a 以〇6〇/ 分〇〇/.世界各民族间的互相宽容是全球 reservation /.rezaveijan/
的目标： ①预 订 err它 cwtoised 吣 ma/ce sea/
② the ability to accept, experience, or sur ?從// m cwfccmce.建议顾客提前
vive sth. harmful or unpleasant 忍耐（力} a 订好座位。
tolerance to noise对嗓音的忍受力 ② 保留 Some members of the committee ex
【派生】tolerant a•容忍的// tolerable a•可容忍的 pressed reservations about the proposal. 委
员会一些成员对这项提议持保留态度
专四真题
③ 居留地 /or i4merican
My airport experience has given me a
Mrfiarw美国印第妥人的居留地
whole new perspective on what diversity
and tolerance are supposed to mean. persist /pesist/
译文：在机场的这次经历使我对多样性和宽容 【助记】per(through)+sist(站立）一►一直站立着一► 坚
意味着什么有了一个全新的认识:
持不懈；持续
vi. ®to continue to do sth. even though it is
agenda /s'djenda/
difficult or other people want you to stop
n. a list oft hings to be considered or done 议
(〜//f)坚持不懈 Kow a m fceep a /说ar之
事曰程 The agenda of (he meeting consisted
that persists in leaving.你永远留不住执意要
〇/ 你 i奶似. 会议议程包括10项内容
离开的心。
routine /ru:ti:n/ ②to continue in existence; last 持续 Despite
official denials, the mmors persisted. 尽管
//. a regular way of doing things in a particular
官方否认，谣言仍在继续流传a
order 例行公事 He checked under the car for
bombs os ao /rowfine. 他例行公事地 专四真题
查看汽车底部是否有炸弹。
The only real solution appears to be to
a. habitual; regular 例行的 A rowKwe medico/
hand over the night shift to those perma
examination is advisable at least once a
nent niglit workers whose wakefulness may
—年至少要做一次例行的体检
persist through weekends and holidays.
译文：看起来唯一的真正解决办法则是将夜班交
reserve /riz3：v/
给永远上夜班的工人，这些人即使在周末和假日
【助记】re(back)+serve(保存)—保留
里也能保持夜间的清醒状态
vt. ①to keep sth. so that it can be used by a
particular person or for a particular purpose
persistent /pasistant/
保留 The seats are reserved for the elderly
亿①坚持不懈的 A persis於nf is cri^ca/
cmddiscrbted这些座位是留给老人和残疾人坐的c
fo success.坚持不懈的努力是成功的关键，
② to obtain by advance arrangement 预订 /
②持续的 A persistent cough may be a
have 7'eserved a room for you at the hotel.
symptom of tuberculosis.持续的咳被可能是
我已在旅馆为你预订了个房间。
肺病的症候。
n .①储备（物） The army should be equipped with
irar 军队应该得到充足的 【派生】persistence/-cy /!•坚持
军需储备品。
chronic /kromk/
n .②保留，矜持，褰 m His detached characterisHc
【助记】chron(时间）+ic~► 长久的
detachment and reserve made it difficult to
a. ©lasting for a long period of time or marked
guess his thoughfs, 他一贯的超然和暮言使人
by frequent recurrence, as certain diseases
难以猜测他的心思
慢 性 的 M a c/zronic •他患 了馒性
③替 补队员 z/wnen’s team 〇/
咳嗽。
three competitors plus one 7'eserve.女队由三
② of long duration; continuing 长久的 >4
名运动员和一名替补队员组成。
④自 然保护区a resent自然保 chivnic state of civil war has been pre
护区/禁猎区 venting Afghanistan from developing its
•214.economy.长期的内战使阿富汗根本无法发展自 probe /praub/
己的经济。 v. ®to make an inquiry about (sth.); investigate
③ subject to a habit or pattern of behavior or examine 探索，查究八’s ii/ipoK你 to
for a long time 积习难改的 //e is a dmmic too deeply into other’s personal affairs.对
complainer.他成>天抱怨 别人的私事刨根究底是不礼貌的。// a. report
probing the official's involvement with
symptom /simptam/
dru众ctea/in分关于官员与贩毒活动有牵连的调查
【助记】发音：“心扑腾”―心扑腾扑腾跳是什么 “征
报告
兆”？
(Dto explore physically or examine (sth.) with
/!•① an indication of a disorder or disease 症状
hands or an instrument S *J The surgeon
The doctor told her to watch out for symp-
pivbed for the bullet in the man's back.夕卜
toms 〇/ meastes. 医生叫她注意麻療出现的
科医生用探针在那个男人的背部探查子弹。
症状。
/I.①探测器bioiopicaZ句 腹 probe生物宇宙探
② a characteristic sign or indication of the
测器
existence of sth. else 征兆 77^
②探索，深入调查77祕poKce /iare a
ance of certain jobs is a symptom of a
probe into the suspected drug dealing.警方
deeper socioeconomic change.某些职业的消
已对这起涉嫌毒品交易的案件展开了调查。
失是更深层的社会经济变化的征兆。
execute /*eksikju：t/
respond /ri’spond/
v/•① to kill (sb.) esp. as punishment for a crime
【助记】re(back)+spond(约定）— 回应约定一► 回答
处死 McVeigh was executed f〇7' his crime.
vi••①to make a reply; answer 回答 //e respond-
迈克维被处决，他是罪有应得。
ed tkat fie would be pleased to attend.他回
②to put into effect; carry out 执行 pot;-
答说，他很高兴出席。
emment had difficulty in executing the
②to act in return or in answer(〜仞）做出反应
政府在实施该项政策时遇到了困难。
He responded to my suggestion with a nod.
【派生】execution w•执行；死 刑 // executor /!•执
他点头回应我的建议:
行者 // executioner /!.刽子手
【派生】respondent /!• 响应者；被 告 // responsive
专四真题
赞同的；应答的
With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason
response /rispons/
for the 4 am. wake-up noise was not ordi-
/i.①回答【同reply】 分伙5汾 to众以a
nary rudeness but carefully executed spite:
response from any of the students. 没有学
I had not tipped Raoul in Christmases past.
生回答他提的问题。
译文：我猛然领悟到，凌晨4 点发生吵醒人的响
® 反应 The decision provoked an angry re
声可能不是出自一般的动作粗鲁，而是特意泄愤
sponse from local residents. 这一 决定 激起了
的表现，因为之前的圣诞节我都没有给过拉乌尔
当地居民愤怒的反应c
小费:>
【短语】in response to作为对…的反应77说
ivas passed in response to public pressure. executive /igzekjutiv/
在公众压力下该法规获得通过
n•①主管，行政官 His nomination as chief ex
ecutive was approved by the board. 他被提
scrutiny /skruitim/
名为行政总裁的事被董事会批准了
【助记】scru+tiny(微小的)— 连细微的东西都发现了—
②行政部门 77犯分
详细检査
and the judiciary are supposed to be sepa-
/i. close, careful ex^minatio门 or observation 详细
m te.政府、行政部门和司法部门应该彼此分离
检查，仔 细 观 察 Kowr w;cmY
仏行政的 She has been given full executive
stand up to dose scrutiny.你的论点经不起
powers 执is m ⑹如•.她在这方面享有完全
仔细推敲。
的执行权。
•215supreme /su：pri：m/ tain time 安排 77紹 wie扮in分 is on
【助记】supr(above)+eme(最高级)—最高的 /Vida?/.会议安排在星期五。
a•①highest in rank or authority 最高的，至上的 【短语】ahead of schedule 提前 // on schedule
Michael Jordan used to reign as the supreme 按时间表，及 时 众 6印an on 从te.
拍摄如期开始。
人迈克尔•乔丹曾在美国职
业篮球赛中占据至高无上的地位。
launch /i〇：ntj/
②highest in degree or quality 极度的 For me,
v/•① to start an activity, esp. an organized one
dieting requires a supreme effort of will.
发动 We were going to launch a counterat
对我来说节食需要极大的意志力。
tack A 们准 备及动 反攻。 // launch a cam-
undertake Mnde.teik/ paign开始一场运动
② to put (a boat) into the water for use 使下
【助记】under(在…下面)+take(接受)一► 将责任接受
水 The oil tanker was launched last year.
下来—承担
那艘油轮去年下水了。
v/•① to accept that you are responsible for a
piece of work, and start to do it 承担 ③ 发射 The world’s first commercial com
should undey'take the responsibility for white munications satellite was launched in 1965.
世界上第一个商用通信卫星于1965年发射。
poWwHon?谁该为白色污染负责？
②to agree or promise to do sth.同意，保证 n .发射，投产 tke launch of a rocket/spaceship
发射火箭/宇宙飞船
The firm undertook to keep price increases
to a minimwm. 公司承诺价格涨幅保持最低
candidate /kaendidit/
水准。
【助记】can(能）+did(做）+
【派生】undertaker/I•殡葬业人员
ate(吃）一>“候选人”是
enterprise /entapraiz/ 能做事、吃得开的人
n. Qan undertaking, esp. one that is difficult or n. ® a person who ap-
plies for a job 申请
requires effort 9 )lk They are determined to
carry forward the enterprise.他们決心把寧
求职者 cr
业进行下去。 large number of can
(2) the ability or desire to do dangerous or didates for the job.
有许多求职者申请这份工作。
difficult things or to solve problems in new
② sb. who is taking an exam 投考者 Afow
ways进 取 心 〇/ ra⑽ 进 取 精 神
③a business organization 企业单位 Cbw^er- candidates passed in grammar.欠部分&试者
语法及格。
vative governments in Britain favour pri-
③ a person who is being considered for a
洲 你 英 国 的 保 守 党 政 府 赞 成 企 业 由
私人经营。 job, position, award, etc. 候选人
no suitable candidates for the position.这
entrepreneur /•ontr9pra’n3:/ 个职位没有适合的候选人。
n.企业家 Li Jiacheng i名 a famous entrepreneur.
elect A'lekt/
李嘉诚是一个著名的企业家
【助记】e(out)+lect(选择)一►选举
schedule /*sked3ul, 'Jedju:l/ v. (Dto select (sb.) for a position, job, etc., by vot-
/I.①a timetable 时刻表 a ing 选举 (to c/xairman.
frair? 火车时 我们选出詹姆斯当主席
刻表 ②to choose to do (sth.)选择 can
②明细表a sc/wdw/e elect to pay in monthly installments.购买
of freight rates 运费 者可选择逐月分期付款。
明细表
【派生】election /!• 选举// elector /!.选民
vL to plan (sth.) at a cer-
•216.uphold /Ap'hauld/ instance Anstans/
【助记】up(向上）+hold(举)— 举过头顶表示“支持” n. This is only one instance out of many.
vr. to support or defend sth • 维护，支持 Afe沒 这只不过是许多例子中的一个：
should also do evei^thing to uphold worn- 【短语】for instance 例如 // in the first instance
en’s legal yigkts.男人也应该竭其所能去维护 首先 Anyone wishing to join the society
妇女们的合法权益 should apply in the first instance to the
sec/•以任何人加入协会都得先向秘书提出
cooperate /kauopareit/
申请。
v/. to work together 合作
Let’s cooperate to complement /komplimant/
get the work done
【助记】0〇111(\\1出)+口16(填满）+11^111：—>补充
w. 0sb. or sth. that emphasizes the good qual-
quickly.让 A in 欠家
ities of another person or thing 补充 Lore is
共同合作把这项工作
the complement of the law.爱的精神足法律的
迅速完成。
补充物。 ^
【派生】cooperative a•合作的 // cooperation /I.
② the usual number or quantity of sth. that
合作
is needed or used 编制名额 AZ taw
recall /ri，k〇:i/ English department has its full complement
【助记】re(back)+call(唤)— ■唤冋_► 冋忆起 o/kcrcfters.英语系的教师定员终于满额了。
vA ①回忆起【同 recollect】 /teca/Z 〇/ ③补 （足 1 语从⑷ 〇/ ct sewienoe 句
the past and contrast it with the happiness 子中的补语
〇/ today. 忆苦思甜 vt. to complete sth. else or make it better 补充
② to ask or order (sb.) to return 召回 77紹 Our local bus and rail services complement
ambassador was recalled from his post.大 eacfc o执er 我们这里市内公共汽车
使被从驻在国召回D 和市郊列车互相补充，使交通极为便利。
③ to cancel, take back 撤销 m?a// a cteci-
compound /kompaund/ n./a. /kam'paund/ vt
siow撤销决定
① it 合物 Medicines are usually compounds.
addition /a.dijan/ 药品通常是化合物。
② 大院 a w compowwd 监狱大院
n.①加法 The little girl is not very clever at
a .复合的compound substance合成物质
fldrfi技ow.小女孩不太善于做加法
v/•① to make (sth.，such as an error or prob-
②增加的人（或物）a w從 cw/dirton /〇
lem) worse 使恶化 //句/?, compcmncted
team队里新添的干将
the difficulties of the firefighters.欠队便消
【短语】in addition另外，加之// in addition to除…之
防队员的灭火工作更加困难
外(还）He’s now ?nnning his own research
©to produce or create by combining two or
company— that’s in addition to his job at
more ingredients or parts 使化合 Scientists
除了他在大学的工作以外，他现
compounded a number of substances to
在还经营自己的研究公司
科学家们将不同的物质说
【派生】additional a.额外的
合在一起制造出新药品
manifest /'maemfest/
singular /siQgjuia/
a. clearly shown or visible 明显的 mcm诉对 We/
a . ①单数的 The noun “bacterium” is the sin
明显的谎言/区别
gular f〇7m of “bacteria”. 名词bacterium先
vt. ®to show a feeling, attitude etc.显示 mm-
bacteria的車教形式。
/ear表露出恐惧
② being beyond what is ordinary, esp. in
②使显现 The disease typically manifests
being exceptionally good; remarkable 非凡的
itself in a high fever and chest pains. 这种
She was a lady of singular beauty.地长得
疾病的典型症状是发高烧和胸痛
美丽非凡。
•217plural /pluaral/ 军队撤退了。
仏 ①复数的a pZ从m/ nown复数名词 【用法 】过 去 式 withdrew，过 去 分 词 withdrawn。
②relating to or composed of more than one 【派生】 withdrawal /!•撤退，退回
member, set，or kind多 元 的 洲 切 如 心 办 -
inspect /m'spekt/
veloped into a plural society.英:茵已反展 A
【助记】in+spect(看)一►看到里面一► 检査
为一个多元社会。 .
vt. to examine sth. carefully in order to find out
n .复数irregular plural不规则的复致
more about it or to find out what is wrong
Supplement /sAplimant/ n. /SApliment/ vt. with it 检查 /testowrante are inspected
n .①sth. that is added to sth. else in order to least once a year by Health Department of-
improve it or make it complete 补充（物）77紹 餐馆至少每年一次接受卫生部门官员检查c
money I got from teaching the piano is a 【派生】 inspection w. 检査；检阅// inspector /!.检
useful supplement to my ordinary income. 査员；督察员
我教钢琴挣的钱是一笔很管用的外快。
link /iiQk/
②an additional part at the end of book, or
v/•①to be joined together physically 连接 77祕
a separate part of a newspaper, magazine
Suez Canal links the Red Sea and the Gulf
etc.增 刊 汾 少 ptemenf星期天的增刊
of Suez with the Medite?ranean Sea.苏伊士
vt.朴充 I supplement my grant by working in
运河将红海和苏伊士湾与地中海连接起来。
《以 • 我 除 享 受 助 学 金 之 外 还 打 夜 工 以
② to be or become connected, related, or
增加收入。
associated 联 系 ⑽
thunder /'0Anda/ two crimes may be linked.瞀方怀疑这两起
tt.①雷、雷声thunder and lightning雷电交加 案件可能有关联。
②轰隆声a ^雷鸣般的掌声 w. 环节，联 系 ttn/c薄弱环节
W.①打雷 ft 执zmdered， no rain/e/Z. 光打雷
accompany /akAmpani/
不下雨。
【助记】ac(to)+company(陪伴)— 陪伴
② 大声蔽 The boss thundered out his orders
付•① to go somewhere with (sb.)陪伴 分外
crY me.老板对我吼叫着发号施令。
ting dark. Will you accompany me home?
【派生】thunderstorm /i•雷雨
天黑了，你能陪我一起回家吗？
【归类卡片】有关天气的词 ② to happen or occur at the same time as
雷 thunder 闪电丨ightning 雪 snow
or along with (sth.)伴随
暴风雪storm 霜 frost 雹 hail accompantes i/mnder.闪电通常伴有雷声；>
浓雾fog 薄雾mist ③ to play music with (sb. who is singing or
*
playing the main tune)为…伴赛（或伴唱）ffe
withdraw /wi&'dro：/
accompanied me on the guitar.他用吉他给
【助记】with(back)+draw(拉)一>收回
我伴奏。
v.①to take money out of a bank account 提
【派生】 accompaniment /i•伴随；伴奏，伴唱
取 It’s more convenient to withdraw money
from an ATM than from the bank.在自动板 apology /apoiadji/
员机取钱比到银行取要方便。 w. ® a statement saying that you are sorry
©to stop giving support or money to sb. or about sth. 道歉 / an apo/o仍/.我应
sth., esp. as the result of an official decision 向他道歉。
撤消 Many multinationals withdrew thei?， ②an inferior substitute勉强 代 用 的 东 西 77沿
investment from that country.很多跨固公司 bit of burnt potato is no more than an
从那个国家撤回了投资3 apo/o仍//or a mea/.这点烧焦的马餘著就勉强
③ to cause to leave or return 撤退切/执draw; 算一顿饭吧！
troops from a place 认裏也楸军 // The army 【派生】 apologetic a•道歉的
•218.leap /ii：p/ playful or cruel and
vi••① to jump from a surface 跳 ，跃 77犯 cto众 unkind戏 弄 77紹〇执-
leapt over the fence•徇跳过 了闽栏 er boys tease him
②to move quickly 急速行动 LooA: 6e/ore because he is fat.西
teap. 彦]三思而后行。 为他很胖，所以其他男
n .①跳，跃 a teap /onmni/a心ad 跃进，大变化 生都取笑他。
②激塘 There was a leap in oil prices.石油 ②挑逗 He is teasing the girl i7i the bar.他
价格猛增。 在挑逗酒吧里的那个女子
【短语】by/in leaps and bounds极其迅速地i4n- /!.戏弄他人者，爱开玩笑 的 人 i/ncte is a
dtrew's German is improving by leaps and tease, always making fun of us.氣贽资先个
bow/wfe.安德鲁的德语提高得很快 爱开玩笑的人，总和我们逗乐
【用法】过去式、过去分词leapt/leaped
scorn /sko:n/
lean /ii：n/ /i• 轻 蔑 ftape scom/or...对…表示藐视
v•① to be in a sloping position (® M The trees v/•① to criticize sb. or sth. because you think
teem in toind树木在风中倾斜c they do not deserve respect As a piv-
©to set or place so as to be resting or sup fessional painter, she scorns the efforts of
ported M. Romeo leaned the ladder against ctmc^ewr&她是专业画家，看不起业余画家的创作，
the house and climbed up to the window. ②to show that you think that sth. is stupid,
罗密欧把梯子靠在房前，爬上窗口 unreasonable, or not worth accepting 拒 绝
a . ①not fat; thin瘦的，少 脂 肪 的 tean m仪^瘦肉 He sc设tend. 葡萄牙是英国的传统盟国 ©to understand or think of sth. or sb. in a
②支持者 She felt she needed an ally so particular way 理解，领悟 now；
fecrrf/沒.她感到她极需一个支持者 that green issues are important to our fu-
v. to join (yourself) with another person, group, 人们现在认识到环境问题对我们未来的重
etc., in order to get or give support (使）联 要性。
合 Several tribes allied to fend off the in-
enlighten /in'iaitan/
rtw/er.s.几个部落联合起来抵抗侵略者>//
【助记] en(使）+light (光)+en— 使看到光明一► 启发
They allied themselves to the other western
V/. to give knowledge or understanding to sb.
stales q/ler the w ar.战后他们与其他西方固
TV programs should enlighten the au-
结盟_
dience as well as entertain them .电视 v 玲
alliance /a’laians/ 既要娱乐观众也要使他们得到启发。
I助记】al(to)+li(绑）+ance_>绑在一起—联盟
superstition /,su:pa'stijan/
n. a union between people, groups, countries,
【助记1 super (above)+stit (站）+ion—•■立于不科学的
etc. 联盟 Britain’s military aUiance with
观念上一► 迷信
par/ners英国与其北约伙伴的军事
"• a belief that certain events or things will
联盟
bring good or bad luck 迷信 Science was
perceive /pa'siiv/ once cramped by ignorance and supersti-
【助记】per(彻底地）+ceive(take)—>完全领会一►认识 故m . 科学的发展一度受到无知和迷信的束缚。
到 【派生】superstitious a•迷信的
•224.gear /gia/ scandal has plunged the Administration in-
w. ① 齿 轮 挡 mrs /zare/owr/onward amirorers^/.那件丑闻使政府陷入争议之中
分ears.大部分汽车有四个前进排挡 【短语】take the plunge (经过路路)冒险—•试VVWooA:
②equipment， such as tools or clothing, used the plunge and set up our own business.
for a particular activity 用具，设备，衣服 /mnf- 我们最终决定成立自己的公司
prar打猎用具/钓鱼用具
slight /siait/
v/. to adjust or adapt so as to make suitable 使
亿 ① very small in degree or amount 轻微的
适应 Education should be geared to soci-
Dogs can detect the slightest smell•狗逢一
ety’s needs.教节良it包社会的需要。
点点味道都能察觉到。
【短语】gear up(使）准备好，（使）做好安排77於par
②thin and not very strong or muscular 纤细
t is ⑽ d wp /or etecWcm. 该党已
的 My girifriend has a slight figure•我女肋
为选举作好了准备。
友身材很苗条。
drastic /draestik/ v/. to treat sb. with disrespect 轻视 //e s/i冰to/
a. extreme and sudden严厉的；激烈的/)?似价 wo 〇狀. 他不轻视任何人。
measures will have to be taken to restore w.轻视ma/ce s/句以〇/轻视
order. 为恢复秩序必须采取严厉措施 【派生】slightly ad• 些许，稍微
bubble /bAbi/ donate /dau'neit/
n. 泡 When water boils， bubbles rise to the 【助记】don(给予)+ate—捐崤
szn/crce.水开时，水面会起泡泡。 V. to present as a gift to a fund or cause; con-
vi. W 泡 We could hear the pot bubbling (away) tribute 捐赠 77说 donato/ cr te叹e
Qwie% o n 加 /ire•我们能听到水壶在火上发 sum of money to an oi'phanage. 富豪向孤儿
出低低的沸腾声。 院捐了一 大笔钱 // donate to cancer re
search 为 癌症研究捎款
agony /aegam/ 【派生】donator /!• 捐嵴荇// donation w• 捐蹭，捐
【助记】发音：“爱过你”一4及度“痛苦”
款 // donor /I. #1赠者仏赠与的
/i. extreme mental or physical pain 痛苦 The
wounded man was in agony. ^ ^ A correspond /.konspond/
痛苦至极。 【助记】cor(共同）+respond(反应）一► 做出相同的反
应—相符合
plunge /pUnd"
W•①to be in agreement, harmony, or conformi-
W.① to dive，jump, or throw oneself 纵身投入
ty l〜with)相符合 The book corresponds with
He ran to the edge of the swimming pool weeds.这本书符合我的需要。
•他奔到游泳池边，一头扎进水里
② to be similar or equal to sth.(〜如）相当
② to move forward and downward violently
The American Congress corresponds to the
猛冲 Firemen p/im分ed into the burning Sritofo Parficrmew/、美国国会相当于英国议会
to peopk. 消防员冲进正在燃
③ to write to sb. or to each other 通信 77叫/
烧的建筑物救人。
began to correspond frequently.他们开始频
③ to become suddenly lower; decrease dra-
繁通信，
matically 猛跌，骤降 S/wre prices pZwnfired 似 a 【派生】correspondence /!•通信;符合 // correspon
result of the gloomy economic forecast. 经 dent w. 记者
济预测前景黯淡，因而股票价格大跌
专四真题
v/•① to push sth. firmly and deeply into sth.
else 把…投入 He似e plunge the vegetables The difference between the mobile phone
6〇沿仰w;a&r. 请把菜倒入沸水中 and its parent, the fixed-line phone, is that
©to suddenly begin to be in (a particular and a mobile number corresponds to a person,
usu. bad condition)使 突 然 陷 入 ，遭 受 77紹 while a landline goes to a place.
•225-译文：手机和它的前身即座机电话的差异在于， 才获得的。
手机对应的是一个人，而座机电话线连接的是一 n .①妒忌，羡慕I’m green
个地点。 with envy. A k 慕也
啦。
calendar /kaelinda/ ②妒忌的对象，羡慕的
n .日历 The Chinese 目标 Her new sports
(Sorry, I'm not inj>
celebrate the Spring car was the envy of
Festival according a//.她的新跑车成了
to the lunar calen- 大家羡慕的对象，
dar.中国人按农历庆 【派生】envious a•羡慕的，嫉妒的
祝春节
jealous /’d3el9S/
implication /‘impli’keijan/ 仏 ①envious or resentful
【助记】im (in) +plic (重叠）+ation—►话中有多重“含 of the good fortune
意，， or achievements of
//.① sth. that is suggested without being said another 妒忌的 Scmie
directly 含意，暗示 impKmt girls easily get
ioiw 〇/ remarfc? 你猜到她那番话的含义 jealous of other
了吗？ girls’ beauty.有些女
② the fact or state of being involved in or 孩容易妒忌其他女孩的美貌
connected to sth.卷）\ Nixon was forced to ②very concerned about protecting or keep-
resign because of his implication in the ing sth.精心守护的 /fc’s 加2/〇似 〇/ /iis rep-
Wa化rgra仏 aj〇rair in 7之. 由于在1972年的 2^a“on.他珍惜自己的名誉。
水门事件中受牵连，尼克松被迫辞职 【派生】jealousy w.嫉妒，妒忌
【派生】implicate v•涉嫌；暗示
emerge /im3：d3/
insight /msait/ 【助记】e(out)+merge(浸没)—从浸没状态中浮现出
【助记】in(into)+sight(见)一♦•能看见人的内心—洞察 来—出现
力 vi. ① to rise or appear from a hidden or
n .洞察力 Hemingway’s novels show deep in unknown place or condition (〜/r讀 ）浮现，出
sight into human character. 海％ 成的 4、 说深 现 The moon emerged from behind the
dowcte• 月亮从云层后露出来。
刻地洞察了人性3
②to become known or apparent (事实等）暴
stereotype /stenataip/ IS Eventually the truth of the matter emerged
n .麻规、老套 b?'eak through the stereotypes 打 /rcmi^^/ac&事情的真相终于暴露了。
破陈规 【派生】emergence /!.出现；暴露// emergent a. 刚
vt. to believe unfairly that all people or things 出现的，新兴的
with a particular characteristic are the same
submerge /S9b'm3：d3/
对… 形成固定看法H’s vmmg to stereotype
【助记】sub (under) +merge (浸没）一>浸没到下面—
people, as if they were all alike, t 尺为主Jii
淹没
对人产生固定看法就好似把人看作都是一样的，
vi. to go underwater A 7K The submaHne
这是错误的。
swfmie/yed.潜艇潜入水中，
envy /envi/ vt to cover sth. completely with water or another
【助记】en(on)+vy(看)一►看见…而羡筋—羡游 liquid '& The tunnel entrance was sub-
vt. to feel a desire to have what sb. else has if1 me?•供d 6^/ sea w;a^r. 随道入口被涨起
忌 Don’t envy what they gained; they sweat 的海水淹没。
for i t ! 别嫉妒他们得到的，他们是付出了努力 【短语】submerge oneself in sth.投身于某事
•226-gap /gaep/ 不孝深深刺痛了老妇人的心。
n. ①an opening in a solid structure or surface /!• 刺，歡 / /owwd a cm 办私 /印.我
缺口，裂口 a "ap i n 墙上的缺口 在他的腿上发现一处刺伤。
② a difference between two people, groups 【短语】stab in the back背后中伤，背 叛 One 〇/
or things 差距 77i^ 分ap 6以 你 谷 ricfc cmd them smiles in your face while the other
one stabs you in the back•他们两个中一人
the poor has widened贫茗之间的基距扩大了。
当面对你友好,另一个人則在背后向你施放暗箭。
③ sth. missing that stops sth. else from be-
ing good or complete 缺陷，漏 洞 阶 s從
awful /〇：fai/
that there is no gap in our defense.我们必
【助记】aw(e)(恐惧)+ful —可怕的
须确保我们的防御没有漏洞
a•①可怕的【同 terrible】77论； 加 〇/ storyin分
slot /SlDt/ people is too awful to think about.饥民的
境况糟得不敢去想。
w. ①狭缝，狭 槽 ■PW a coin in s如.将硬币
② 难过的 //eeZ aw;/M/ Mowf ^ 这条
放入投币口。
消息让我难过。
②a position of employment in an organiza-
③ 非常的cm aK；/w/ Zof 〇/ w;or/c —大堆工作
tion 位置，空位 77
【派生】awfully似/•令人畏惧地；非常
在下个月之前都没有
空位。 counterpart /kauntepait/
vt. to put sth. into a space which is made for it 【助记】counter(相对的）+part(部分)一►对应的人（或
把…放入狭长开口中；把…纳入其中/festotod
物）
the magazines neatly into the rack. 他把杂 /i. sb. or sth. that has the same job or purpose
志整齐地插到架子上。 as another与对方地位相当的人，与另一方作用
相当的物 77论ir Secrete^/ 〇/ 汾
dine /dain/
counterpart of our foreign minister,
vi to have the main meal of the day 进餐 77於
国务卿相当于我们的外交部长。
manager's going to dine with us tonight
今晚经理要和我们一起吃饭C counterbalance /kaunte.baelsns/
【短语】dine out 外出进餐 77?q/ K；ow/d din^ 【助记】counter(相对的）•fbalance(平衡）一► 使相对
to供你w a mon认.他们每月一起出去吃 的两边保持平衡—抵消
一次饭。 v t.①使平衡 The man used his weight to
counterbalance the load and prevent it from
b 〇 W /beu/ /i. /bau/ vijvt,
sMj沙inp.那人以身体平衡他的负荷物以免滑落。
n.①弓 The arrow was still held in the bow.
②弥补•抵消【同0他餅】77沾分加’5 6(277祕对衫/-
箭仍搭在弓上:
fort counterbalanced her sbwness at learn-
②鞠躬，低 头 a 6〇祕谢幕
这女孩的刻苦努力弥补了她在学习上的迟钝。
vL 魏躬，低头 I raised my hat to her and ske
/!• 平衡（力），抗衡（力）//私 m/e’s ca/饥而如代
仰d m re加m 我向她脱帽示礼，她勒躬答礼
acts as a counterbalance to his excitability.
v/•①低下（头 ）6〇切one’s in 羞愧地
他妻子生性从容不迫，这对他易冲动的个性起平
低下了头
衡作用。
(2) T The creepers were bowed down
专四真题
with flow ers.隻萆被花压■育了。
【短语】bow out退出，辞职iteeves伙ink “ 《5 Perhaps you have awful faults to
time for him to bow out of politics. 1 失斯 counterbalance your few good points.
认为到了自己从政界退出的时候了。 译文：可能你身上一些可怕的缺点会抵消你不多的
优点。
Stab /staeb/
easygoing /iizigeuiQ/
vt. M ，戰 The old woman was stabbed to the
heart by her son’s lack of gratitude.儿子的
【助记】easy(容易的）+going(来去)—容易来往的一►
•227.随和的 n• ①辑条；图章 The letter bears the seal of the
fl. relaxed and informal随和的 ， 随便的，随遇而安 *：如分.这封信有国王的封印
的 The girl’s easygoing nature made her pop- ②海豹seal fishery海豹连业
w/crn那个女孩生性随和，受人欢迎 vA (密）封從d aw 把信封口 // sea/ cm
agreement 达成协议 // My lips are seeded.
gradual /graed3U9l/
我一定会守口如瓶。
a•① moving or changing in small amounts 逐渐
【短语】seal off封闭•封锁Fo/iow;?:叩 a bomb imra-
的 Her English made gradual progress. 她
ing， police have sealed off the whole area.
的英语逐渐进步
接到有炸弹的警报后，警方封锁了整个地区
② not steep 不陡的 a wcwiwaZ siope 緩坡
专四真题
【派生】gradually似/.逐渐地
Harrington sealed the deal with a hand
attach /a'taetj/
shake, sold her shops, and borrowed $13.5
【助记】at(to)+tach(拴)— 使依恋
million.
vt. ®to fasten or connect one object to another
译文：哈林顿顺利地签订了那份合同她出售了
系，贴 He attached a label to his baggage.
自己的麦当劳店，又借了 1350万美元
他往行李上贴了一个标签。
©to bind by emotional ties, as of affection familiarity /farmiiaeriti/
or loyalty使依恋As 众oes岭， Z以价
w. ①精通，通晓 German
boy has become emotionally attached to
required for this position,
compw沾•.随着时间的流逝，小男孩已经从感情
德语。
上依赖上了电脑$
②亲切感 FamUiarUy breeds contempt.亲密
③ to believe that sth. is important 认为有（重要 生轻蔑
性、责任等） People attack too much impo?，tcmce 【派生】 unfamiliar a•不熟悉的 // familiarizeAise v.
economic/omus/及人们把经济预测看得过
使熟悉，使通晓
于重要。
④ to be a part of a bigger organization 使附 interpersonal /,int8p3：sanai/
属 This hospital is attached to the medical 【助记】inter (betw een) +personal (个人的）一► 人与人
co//^e? 这家医院附属于附近的那所医 之间的
学院。 人与人之间的，人际的/wterpersontf/
【派生】attachment/丨•联 结 ；联结物；爱慕，依恋 are important during social contact. 人际关
系在社会交往当中十分重要。
detach /di’tsetj/
【助记】de(否定）+tach(拴)—拆卸 excursion /iksk3：j3n/
vt. to separate or unfasten; disconnect (-from) 【助记】ex(out )+curs(跑）+ion—>跑出去—远足
拆卸，使分离 Don’t detach yourself fro?n re /!• a short trip esp. for pleasure 远足，短途旅行
ality. 不要脱离实标 Let's make a day's excursion to the moun-
【派生】detached仏 （住宅）独立式的；公正的// de toin 我们到郊外的山上去游
tachment w. 公正； 分逍队 玩一天吧。
vague /veig/ expedition /.ekspidi/an/
【助记】vag(漫游)+ue— 思路四处游走—模糊的 【助记】ex(out) +pedi (脚）+tion—脚往外-走一►出行
a .含糊的，模糊的 /n a fog everything looks vague. /I.①a journey undertaken by a group of peo-
在零中一切东西都显得模糊 // a m 众2從 cm- ple with a definite objective 出行，远征 Chi
含糊的答复 nese
似 to An^irc^ica. 中国科学家对南极
【派生】vaguely d ^•糊地；大致上；心不在焉地
进行过好几次科学考察
seal /si:i/ © a group of people who travel together to
【助记】经 典 情 歌 m j 沿 從 《以吻封缄》 a distant place 探险队 a /rnwKw分
•228.狩猎（队） poison poizan/
f
③speed or promptness in performance 迅速 /i.毒药 Owe man’s gravy is another man’s
We carried out the captain’s orders with aU poiscm.萝卜白菜，各有所爱
possible expedition. A 们毫不迟疑也迅逢执行 vA 使中毒 The soil has been poisoned with
船长的命令。 chemical waste from the factory. 土 嚷被工
厂排出的化学废物污染了
sequence /si ：k wens/
【派生】poisonous a•有毒的；恶毒的
【助记】sequ(跟随）+ence~♦•— 个跟着一个一► 次序
/I. ® a group of things that come one after the pollute /p8iut/
：
other连续，一连串 TVew; fead to 扣- v/•①to make sth. dirty and not safe or suitable
tend a sequence of orientation meetings. 新 to use 污染 The river has been polluted by
职员得参加一系列的情况介绍会议。 waste products from the factory.这条河已泛
@the order in which things happen or should 受到工厂里排放的废料的污染。
happen 次序 in segwence 依次，逐一 ©to spoil or ruin sth. that used to be good
腐蚀 Money kas polluted (he democratic spirit
investigate /m'vestigeit/
〇/ i4meriom pottrtes.金钱腐蚀了美国政治中
【助记】invest (投资）+i+
的民主精神。
gate (门）—“调査"是 【派生】pollution w• 污染，污染物// pollutant /?•污
投资的必经之门 染性物质
v. to observe or inquire
contaminate /kan'taemineit/
into in detail; exam
【助记】con ( — 起）+tamin (接触）+ate—► 与不好的东
ine systematically 调
西接触一> 污染
查 TTte FBI has been
vt. to make sth. dangerous, dirty, or impure by
called in to investi-
adding sth. harmful or undesirable to it 污染；
gate the murder.联邦调查局已经被叫来调查
毒害 The river was contaminated with
这起谋杀案。// 切 ("into) cm
从似故这条河被垃圾污染了。// ccmtominate
调查一件事
the mind of the public毒害公焱的思想
【派生】investigation w.调査，研究 // investigator
/i. 凋査者 plastic /plaestik/
【助记】塑料(plastic)没有一点弹性的(elastic)
scent /sent/
n. ①[常〆】塑 料 77论se spoo似 are 〇/
n .①香味，气味 Scents of lavender and rosemary
这些汤匙是塑料制成的,
a m relieve 薰衣草和迷迭香的香味可
②信用卡a /wW 〇/ p/asfic塞满信用卡
以减缓精神紧张。
的钱包
② 踪迹 are ow scerU 〇/ cm impor-
a• 塑料（制）的，可 塑 的 a p/似说
discover/.我们已掌握了一条可能导致重
塑料袋/可塑物质
要发现的线索。
③ 香水 She dabbed herse(f with scent.她在 sake /seik/
自己身上擦了点香水 n.缘故 Never do wrong f〇7* the sake of money.
vt. ® to perceive or identify by the sense of 绝不要为金钱而做坏事.:，
smell 嗅到 77紀 rfo# scented a and ran 【短语】for the sake of为了…起见，看在…的份上
〇J^a/J^r认狗嗅到了 一只兔子便追了上去
dimension /daimenjan/
② to suddenly think that sth. is going to
n. ® a part of a situation or a quality involved
happen or exists ^ ^ By then} the team
in it 方面 The new finds have added another
5c⑼/加夕victory.到这时，队员们已经顿
dimension to man’s early story.达姿新良观
感到即将获胜了。
为人类早期历史又增加了一个方面。
•229.② 尺寸，长 度 diwerwion实际尺寸 的反面。
③ b/.】面积 are /加 〇/
brutal /bru：ti/
language labo?ntory?这个语言实验室的面积
a•① very cruel and violent 残忍的 77iose /ow?，
是多少？
white policemen gave the black suspect
【派生】dimensional a.尺寸的；…维的
那四个白人警察野蛮拷打那
casualty /'kae3U8lti/
个黑人嫌疑人。
n. ①a person who is hurt or killed during an ②very bad or unpleasant 难以忍受的 ffere
accident, war, etc. 伤亡人员 Jn /raw-/r叫
the winters are not so brutal as in other
war, both sides in- parts
〇/ 这儿的冬天不像该国其
curved heavy casu-
他地方那样冷得让人难以忍受。
ateies
. 在两伊战争中，
双方均遭受惨重伤亡 yell /je//
② a person or thing /，• to make a sudden, loud cry 号叫，叫喊Swd-
that is harmed, lost, derdy there was a loud yell from the bath-
or destroyed受害者，损失的东西Mr. Jon從 room.洗手间突然传来一声大叫。
was the first casualty of the firm ’s cut-
harsh /ha:J/
琼斯先生在公司裁员中是第一个受害者。
a. (D severe or cruel; very critical 严厉的 77祕
sympathy /*simp80i/
movie has received harsh criticism from
【助记】sym(相同）+path(感情)+y—同情 press
⑽ . 该影片遭到了新闻界的严厉批评。
/i. (Dthe feeling of being sorry for sb. who is in
② having an unpleasant or harmful effect
a bad situation 同情，同情心 to從
because of great strength or force 刺耳的
sympathy for people in difficulty.我们对处
Some modem music sounds harsh and
于困境中的人们要有同情心。
mnetess
. 现代音乐中有一些既刺耳又不成调子。
② belief in or support for a plan, idea, or
action, esp. a political one^|n| Many people hoarse /h〇：s/
ave in sympathy mith youv views, i午多 & t a. having a harsh or rough sound or voice (声
同你的看法。 音）沙哑的 His voice sounded hoarse.他说话
【派生】 sympathize v i同情;赞同// sympathetic仏 声音沙哑。
有同情心的
contest kontest . kantest .
/ / n / ' / vt
mercy m si
/ 3：/ 【助记】con(共同）+test(测试)—竞赛
n. ① kind or forgiving treatment of sb. who n .①竞赛a speech contest演讲比赛
could be treated harshly 仁慈 / 彼 sAok; ②争夺 the contest fiyr the leadership 领导权
mercy (o i/ie cocfcroac/^s.我对缚螂从不仁慈。
的争夺
②a good or lucky fact or situation 恩惠，幸运
v/•① to compete or strive for 争夺 77祕 raZing
It’s a mercy that the building was empty
party will contest 158 seats in the Algeria's
when the fire started.幸运的A 火交复i•的时
在阿尔及利亚的选举中，执政党将争夺
候这幢楼是空的。
158个席位。
【短语】at the mercy of任凭…的 摆 布 ims
② to say formally that you do not accept
at the mercy of her cruet husband.地任免
sth*. or do not agree with it 对…提出质疑
残酷的丈夫摆布
They contested his 7ight to speak.他们对他
【派生】 merciful a .仁慈的，宽大的// merciless仏
的发言权提出了质疑
冷酷无情的
【派生】contestant «• 竞争者，选手
Cruelty
/krualti/
barrier baeria
/ /
n. a desire to cause others to suffer 残忍 Crw-
【助记】barr(栅栏)+ier(表物)一♦»栅栏
elty is the contrary of kindness.戌忍先仁息
•230.n•①栅栏 The football fans broke tkrougk the ®to be behind in a race or competition 失败
barriers and rushed onto the pitch.成迷们 The Democrats are still trailing in the latest
冲破栅栏进入球场。 poM.在最近的民意调查中，民主党仍然落在后面。
② 障碍【同block】 Lade o/cow/idew(义 is《以 v/. to follow and watch or try to catch (sb. or
biggest barrier to the improvement of your sth.)跟踪 They trailed the criminal to a
缺乏信心是你提高英语水平的最大障碍。 m "紹w;ood. 他们追韓罪犯到了树林中
③ 屏障 The Sahara Desert is a natural 的一座房子里。
barrier between North and Central Africa. /i.① 小 路 通往自然景观的小径
撒哈拉沙漠是北非和中非之间的天然屏障。 ② a sign that a person or animal has been
in a place, used for finding or catching them
forecast /f〇：ka：st/
踪迹 The hunters folbwed the tiger’s trail.
【助记】fore(before)+cast(抛）一>预先抛出（想法）一►
猎人们跟着老虎的踪迹
预测
【短语】trail along没精打采地(跟在后面）走 // trail
n.预测 the weather forecast 天气领报
away/off逐 渐 减 弱 ，缩 小 S/祕 Waited 〇政
v/. to say that sth. will happen in the future 预
silenced by th^ look Kris gave her•她看到
测 The recent statement of the president
克里斯给她的眼色，说话的声音越来越小，最后
forecast a change in the situation.总统最近
默不作声了。
的一次讲话预示着形势将有所变化。
【用法】过去式、过去分词forecast。 trace /treis/
v/•① to try to find (sb. or sth.) by collecting
hazard /haezad/
and studying evidence 查出 The scientists
【助记】发音:“骇 人 的 危 险 have been unable to trace the source of the
n.危脸 Polluted water sources are a hazard to 印irfemic. 科学家一直未能找出这种流行病的
切认仍/ & 受污染的水源会对野生生物造成危害。 病源。
v/•① to say sth. that is only a suggestion or ©to follow sth. back to its cause, beginning,
guess and that might not be correct 试着做 or origin 追溯 The family can trace its
(或提出） /wz之ard a 抑從s 作无把握的猜测 history to the 17th century.这个家族的历九
②to risk losing your money，property etc. in 可以追溯到17世纪。
an attempt to gain sth•冒…风险 /toefc-dimfeers ③ to draw the outline of sth.描摹 77紹 Aicte
sometimes hazard their lives.導老运动负有 are learning to trace the letter.孩子们学描
时要冒生命危险 字母
n .① a small sign that shows that sb. or sth.
blast /blaist/
was present or existed 'M Officers were
w . ①爆炸【同explosion】a 6/似/ 炸弹的爆炸
unable to find any trace of drugs.警言 Hit
②一辉 a blast of wind/kurricane/snowstorm
找到毒品的任何迹象。
一阵风/題风/暴风雪
② a very small amount of sth•微 量 77祕2/
v/. to violently destroy or break sth. into pieces,
found traces of poison in the dead man’s
using explosives ,!t$^ They blasted a tunnel
Woorf. 他们发现死者的血液里有微量的毒素
认row的狄^ mowntoins. 他们在山中炸开了一
条隧道。 torture /*t〇：tja/
【短 语 】at full blast大力地，全 速 地 WorA: o n 你必 【助记】tort(扭曲）+ure—► 使人扭曲一► 折磨
construction site was at fuU blast.达氣工也 vt. to bring great physical or mental pain upon
的工作已经全面展开 (another)拷问，折磨 //e Ms primers
to crimes.他拷打犯人，逼他们
trail /treil/ 招供。
v/•①to pull sth. behind you esp. on the ground
n .拷问，折磨 It was sheer torture to kear him
拖 Her skirt trails on the Jloo?\ 她的德子板 so fcowWy. 听他那样精糕地拉
在地（板）上。 小提琴，简直是受罪。
•231 •heal /hi：i/ who is, so to speak, a professional in
v . ①to restore to health or soundness; cure 愈 training. Most of them get caught sooner or
合，使康复 Time heals aU sorrows.时间会治 later, and they are dealt with severely by
愈一切忧伤 the courts.
②to set right; repair调停，消除(分歧）奶犰 你 译文：那些可谓训练有素的业余小偷也同样如
passage of time, the divisions between the 此.他们中大多数人迟早会被抓到并在法庭上受
two countries have healed over.随着时间的 到严厉处置，
流逝，两国的分歧已经弥合3
Standpoint /staendpoint/
【归类卡片】几组同音词
【助记】stand(站立）+point(点)一►立场
heal治愈 whole完全 wholly完全
' /i. a way of thinking about people, situations,
heel脚跟 hole洞 holy神圣
ideas e tc .立场，观点 We should look at this
/rom a 我们应从历史
profession /pra'fejan/
的观点来看待这事。
【助记】pro (公开地）+fess (说）+ion— 公开地说一► 公
开表示 decree /di.kri:/
/i. ® a job that needs a high level of education
n. ① an official order or decision, esp. one
and training 职业 Teaching is a respectable
made by the ruler of a country 法令 Jn 九/沒
• 教师是令人尊敬的职业,
he issued a decree ordering all unofficial
② 咖 〜】the people who do a type of work，
aimed groups in the country to disband. 7
considered as a group 同行" rfz/-
月份，他颁布了一项法令，命令解散该国所有非
ficult to win acclaim from the profession.
官方武装团体。
要赢得同行的好评是相当困难的
②a judgment in a court of law 判决 Accord-
③ a statement of your belief, opinion, or
ing to the decree, the heritage goes to the
feeling ^ S His speech was simply a
2/oi/r设 man.根据裁决，继承权属于这个年轻人。
profession of his briefs.他的讲话只是他自己
V/. to make an official judgment or give an offi*
信念的表白。
cial order 命令 77紹 dec/，從d 认⑻
all who wanted to live and work in Kenya
professional /pra'fej anel/
对 feoW passport. 政府下令要求
a.职业的a pro/essicma/ — 名职业运动员
所有想在肯尼亚居住和工作的人必须持有肯尼
n.专业人员 Afy father wanted me to become a
亚护照。
professional and have more stability.我父
亲希望我成为一名专业人员，生活更加稳定。 Statute /staetjuit/
【派生】professionalisation /!•专业化 // unprofes- n. ①a law passed by a parliament, council etc.
sional 违反职业准则的；未按专业水平做的 and formally written down 法令 Protection
for the consumer is laid down by statute.
amateur /'aemate/
保障消费者权益已在法令中做了规定。
【助记】发音：“矮 模 特 当 然 只 是 “业余爱好者”了
(2)a formal rule of an institution or organiza-
n. 业余爱好者 AZfeow分 ow/^/ an ama仏wr,
\i〇r\ 章程 College statutes forbid drinking on
a /frstc/ass 虽然他只是个业余爱
大学章程禁止在校园内喝酒^
好者，但却是一流的高手
【派生】statutory仏法定的，规则要求的
a.①not professional 业余的 an amateur golfer
业余高尔夫球员 consensus /kansensas/
②unskillful 外行的 Her 众祕os am 【助记】con(共同）+sens(感觉）+us—►有同感一► 一致
atol. 她的演技 实在不敢恭维 同意
/i. general agreement or accord —致，一致同意
专四真题
The voters' consensus was that the capital
Tlie same applies to the deliberate amateur
penalty should not be abolished•选民一致认
•232.为不应该废除死刑 ways of working 制度，方法 IWmZ is s^/s-
teyn for making pronunciation in the die-
tax /taeks/
广ionar^/?这本词典用什么系统注音？
" • ①税（款） Some movie stors /iw仪/ /or
③身体 Alcohol is bad for your system.喝
to: evasion. —些电影明星因为逃税被罚款
酒对身体有害。
②sth. that uses a lot of your strength, pa
【派生】systematic fl• 有计划的；有规律的
tience etc. 负担 Climbing stairs is a tm;
on a weak heart.肢楼梯对于心脈不好的人是 furnish /f3：mj/
一个负担〇 v/•① to • put furniture and other things into a
vA ①对…征税 /化 zm/air to 处r Wr/i and poor house or room为… 配备家具77泌 從 is
a/ite.贫富同样课税不公平 furnished with tasteful modem furniture.
②使负重担 Reading in a poor light taxes 这幢房子配备的是有品位的现代家具
在暗淡的光线下看书很累眼睛 @to supply or provide sth.提供 career
【派生】taxation w• 课税，税款 offices furnish students with resource mate-
7ixds to help them in their searches•许多职业
inflation /in'fieij an/
介绍机构向学生提供资料，帮助他们找工作。
【助记】 in (into) + flat (吹）+ion—吹人空气—膨胀
n. ①a continuing increase in prices, or the rate item /aitam/
at which prices increase 通货膨胀（率 ）77犯 n• ①条，条款，项S Let us go on to the next item
government’s prime task is to reduce the on 让我们继续讨论议程上的下一
Z仰eZ 〇/ icm. 政府的主要任务是降低通货 个项目 // The last item on the program
膨胀水平。 was a grand display of fireworks.该节目的
②the process of filling sth. with air 膨胀执e 最后一项是放一场大型的烟花•
o/a 6a/toow 膨张的气球 ②(新闻等的）一 条 a new;s i仏m —条新闻
【派生】inflate v•使充气；使通货膨胀
tube /tju：b/
trend /trend/ n.①管 a tube of toothpaste — 管牙責
//.① a genera I direction of change SI ^ The ② 地铁" ’s gwiefcer 6沒《wfte• 坐地秩要怏一些，
trend of modem living is to exercise regu- ③ 电子管ccrltocte ra^/⑼电视机显像管
ZarZ^/ ami eaf 以• 有规律地锻炼、有节制地 ④ 电 视 o n 你 石 电 视 上 正 演 什 么 ？
饮食是现代生活的趋势。
furthermore Af3：8a'm〇：/
② current style 时尚 S0//0 Ms become a
ad. in addition; moreover而且，此夕卜 / donY 观加
new international trend.在象办公已良为一
to go there，furthennore, I have no time to
种国际新时尚。
do so.我不想去那里，而且我也没时间去、
专四真题 【用法】可用于句首或与and连用，可用逗号将其与
This is one m^jor trend raising the level of 句子其他部分隔开。
education required for a productive role in
habitat /'haebitaet/
today’s work force.
n. the natural environment in which a species
译文：这一趋势使得要想在当前的劳动力大军
or group of species lives (动物的）栖息地 77祕
中成为有生产力的角色就需要有更好的教育
polar bear’s habitat is the icy wastes of the
Arcrtc.北极熊的栖息地是冰冷的北极荒原。
system /sistam/
【派生】habitable a• 适于居住的// habitation /!•
n. ® a group of related parts that work together
居住
as a whole for a particular purpose 系统，体
系 The system can translate English into inhabit /m'haebit/
C/iir祕se.这个系统能将英语译为汉语 付. to live in (a place) 居住于 77沾 私
②an organized set of ideas, methods, or de似eZ沒iwfead说d 该地区人口密度很高。
•233.【派生】inhabitable a.可居住的，可栖居的// inhab- command /kemaind/
itant /i. 居民 【助记】com(共同)+mand(命令)—>命令大家一起做一►
指挥
prestige /presti：3/
w•①命令；指挥 〇6印 commamte
w. good reputation; honor 威信，威望 77犯 oW
unconditionally.军人必须无条件地服从命令。
universities of Oxford and Cambridge still
②掌握，运用能力 iw command o/2/owr^/'
have a lot of prestige•历 iJ& X 的牛津大学和
能控制自己 // /fe a 分ood command 〇/
剑桥大学仍然享有很高的声望。
English.他精通荚语^
【派生】prestigious a• 有声望的，有威信的
v/•① to give (sb.) an order 命令，指挥 77
cer commanded his men to fire. 军官命令士
allocate /aelekeit/
兵开火。
【助记】ai(to)+locate(地方)— “分配”到各地
② to have and be able to use or control
v/. to divide and give out (sth.) for a special rea
(sth.〉拥有，掌握 77泌 par印执af commands
son or to particular people, companies, etc.
a majonty of seats in Parliament forms
色i Each of the refugees has been allocated
W 由在国会拥有多数席位的党
accommodaiio凡每个难民都分配到了住处：
派组成政府。
【派生】allocation /i• 分配，配给
③ to deserve or be able to get or receive
allot /9’lDt/ (sth.) Doctor Young commands a
vt. to give sb. (an amount of sth.) to use or great deal of respect as a surgeon.作为一
have 分配，分摊 //bw TOMcfc cash has been 位外科医生，杨博士赢得极大的尊敬。
allotted?拨给多少现故? @to be in a place in which you can clearly
see (sth.)俯職 jBaiyww Mowntoin comwwmrfs
appoint /e'point/
a magnificent view of Guangzhou City. ^
【助记】ap(to)+point(指向）—任命
白云山可以清楚地俯瞰广州城，
v/. (Dto choose sb. to have a particular job 任命
【用法】command作动词表示“命令”时，后跟that从
appoint sb. to be/ as… 任命、委■派臬人A … //
句，谓语动词要用“(shoulc〇+动词原形”表虚拟。
She has been appointed to the board.她被 【派生】commander w• 海军中校；指挥官// com-
任命为董事会董事。 mandment /i.戒律，圣诫
②to decide (the time or place at which sth.
submit /sabmit/
will happen or be done)^^ The committee
【助记】sub(under)+mit(送)—从基层把文件送上来
appointed a time for the press conference.
提交
委员会定了个时间召开新闻发布会。
vi. to agree to obey a person, group, set of
【派 生 】appointee /!• 被任命人，被 指 定 人 //
rules, esp. when you have no choice (〜/〇)屈
appointment it• 约会；职务
服 The man refused to submit to an unjust
designate /"dezigneit/ decision. 那名男子拒绝服从不公正的判决3
【助记】de (down) +sign (标记）+ate—►标出 v/.①to give a plan，piece of writing etc. to sb.
v/•① to choose sb. or sth. for a particular job in authority for them to consider or approve
or purpose 指派 A special committee was 提交 Flow must submit your application
designated by the UN to mediate the con- 6<〇 代 Js《. 你必须在1 月1 日以前将
联合国指派了一个特别委员会去调停冲突。 申请交上来。
©to represent or refer to sth. using a par ②to suggest or say sth. 主张 / 认加
ticular sign, name etc. W tH Buildings are the jury has been influenced by the publicity
designated by red squares on the m ap.在 iri f/iis case.我认为，在本案的审理过程中，陪
地图上建筑物是用红色方块来标明的。 审团受到了外界宣传的影响
【派生】designation /!•标示；命名；指派 【派生】submission w• 屈从；提交 // submissive a
恭顺的，顺从的
•234-comply /kamplai/ v/.① to comp ete 与 … 竞争 77祕 too
【助记】com+ply(满足)— 满足对方的要求—遵从 rivaled each other for the championship•两
vi. to do what you have been asked or ordered 队竞争夺冠。
②to be as good or almost as good as (sb.
to do l〜with)遵从 AU the citizens must comr
or sth.)比得上 Afc 分ames can
p/y iam所有公民都必须遵守法律〇
riva/ /〇〇叻a// /or/in 没有什么球
【派生】compliance /i• 遵从，依照
赛会比足球更刺激。
【辨析】表示“遵守”的动词
【派生】rivalry /!•竞赛，较童
comply:常常与with连用，顺从别人与遵守规矩
的意味更强烈 challenge /'tj aeimd3/
obey:常用词，服从别人的权威或命令 n•①艰巨的任务 She likes her job to be a
cfta/ten分e.她喜欢艰巨的工作。
② 怀疑 This question is a challenge to the
【助记】over(beyond) +hear(听)一► 无意中听到 於 aw执这个 问 题 是 对 老 师 权 成 的
吣 to hear by accident无意中听到，偷听到77祕 质疑。
maid overheard the two thieves talking in ③ 挑战，邀请比赛/acecfta/te/i供面对挑战
a low voice in the com er.女仆听到两个小 v/•① to say or show that sth. may not be true,
偷在角落里低声说话。 correct or lega丨反对
decision of her employer.地反对老板的决定。
Clash /klaej/
②to invite sb. to compete in a game, fight,
【助记】象声词：物体撞碎的声音
etc.向 … 挑战 He challenged me to play
vi. ®to meet in violent conflict; be in opposition
awb执er 分ame. 他向我挑战要我跟他再
or disagreement 冲突
打一场网球。
with police示成者与警察发太冲突。 #Democrats (Dto question the action or authority of sb.
clashed with Republicans in a heated 对…坏疑 I did not think he was right， so I
ctebate.民主党和共和党人进行了激烈的争论。 我认为他是不对的，因此向他
©to create an unpleasant visual impression 提出了质疑D
when placed together 不协调 The red tie 【派生】challenging a.激发干劲的；困难的
切似c/osfo W 执 yowr sfcir^ 那条红色领带与
versus Zv3：s9s/
你的衬衫不配。
【助记】vers(转向）+us*— 转向我们一► 与…相对
(Dto make or cause (sth.) to make the loud
prep. ① in conflict or competition with 以…为对
sound of a metal object hitting another
手，对 This afternoon in the NBA game we
metal object 砰地相撞 si/wds dosted.
will see LA Laker's versus Chicago Bulls.
他们的剑相互撞击，铿锵有声。
今天下午的N BA 球赛中我们将看到洛杉矶湖
/i.冲突；不协调；（金属等的）刺耳的撞击声6order
人队对阵芝加哥公牛队。
clashes 也凌/々笑 // a clash of opinions 竟、I
(Das the alternative to or in contrast with
冲突
与…相对
up the benefits of a tax cut versus those
rival /Vaival/
of increased public spending.财政 _ 长必
w.①竞争对手business
须权衡是减税还是增加公共开支更有利。
生意上的对手
②可与匹敌的人（或 champion /'tjaempian/
物 ）This collection n .①冠军 He got a champion in a singing
of paintings has no contest with flying colours.他在音乐比赛中
rivals in the world. 取得了杰出的成绩，夺得冠军a
这批画是绝世佳作。
②择 JL 者 He is a champion of women’s
a. 竞争的 汾i on 他是妇女权利的卫士 ：
M 执rira//办m s 与对手公司的竞争 【派生】championship /i• 锦标赛；冠军身份；桿卫
•235典型考题精练
1. that he wasnt happy with the arrangements, I tried to book a different hotel.
A. Perceiving B. Penetrating C. Puzzling D. Preserving
2. Ever since the rise of industrialism, education has been ______ towards producing workers.
A. harnessed B. hatched C. motivated D. geared
3. If we continue to ignore the issue of global wanning, we will almost certainly suffer the
effects of climatic changes worldwide.
A. dubious B. drastic C. trivial D. toxic
4. In 1914, an apparently insignificant event in a remote part of Eastern Europe ______ Europe into
a great war.
A. inserted B. imposed C. pitched D. plunged
5. Can you give me even the ______clue as to where her son might be?
A. simplest B. slightest C. least D. utmost
6. He has ______ to museums hundreds of his paintings as well as liis entire personal collection of
modem art.
A. ascribed B. attributed C. designated D. donated
7. The film provides a deep ______ into a wide range of human qualities and feelings.
A. insight B. imagination • C. fancy D. outlook
8. Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from ______on
earth rather than bacteria on Mars.
A. configuration B. constitution C. condemnation D. contamination
9. Deserts and liigh mountains have always been a ______to the movement of people from place to
place.
A. barrier B. fence C. prevention D. jam
10. Encouraged by their culture to voice their opinions freely, the Canadians are not afraid to go
against the group ______ and will argue their viewpoints enthusiastically, though rarely
aggressively.
A. consent B. conscience C. consensus D. consciousness
11. Crime is increasing worldwide, and there is every reason to believe the will continue into
the next decade.
A. emergency B. trend C. pace D. schedule
12. David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much_____ to those who
compete well.
A. prestige B. regime C. superiority D. legislation
13. This area of the park has been specially for children, but accompanying adults are also
welcome.
A. inaugurated B. designated C. entitled D. delegated
14. Psychologists have done extensive studies on how well patients ______ with doctors’ orders.
A. comply B. correspond C. interfere D. interact
15. It is not in my nature to be ______ of other people’s good fortune.
A. envious B. jealous C. generous D. tolerant
16. The long-temi benefits of reduced energy consumption would the economic loss.
A. counterbalance B. enlighten C. submerge D. detach
17. The Americans cientists will go on an _______ to the South Pole.
•236.A. excursion B. expedition C. exploration D. explanation
18. ______ simplicity, we intentionally left out this subject of in Part I.
A. In the course of B. On account of C. For the sake of D. In case of
19. A fellow journalist once told me that if you are not writing every day, then you are a(n)
A. professor B. expert C. amateur D. layman
20. The developers ______ building plans to the council for approval.
A. sealed B. allocated C. commanded D. submitted
@ 答案与译文
1. [A]看出他对这些安排不满意，我就想法预订了另一家宾馆
2. [D]自从工业化兴起之后，教育面向产业工人进行了调整
3. [ B】如果我们继续忽视全球变暖的问题，我们将必然遭受全球气候变化所带来的巨大影响
4. [D】1914年，发生在东欧的一个边远地区的一件看上去微不足道的事件使欧洲卷入了一场大战■
5. [B】你能给我一丁点的暗示，告诉我她的儿子可能在哪里吗？
6. [D]他已向博物馆捐贈了数百幅他的绘画以及他所有的现代艺术方面的个人收藏
7. [A】这部电影充分表现了对于人的各种品质和情感的洞察力
8. [D]最近《科学》杂志上刊登的一篇文章指出，该岩石中的有机化学成分大部分是来自地球的污染，
而不是来自于火星上的细菌
9 . 【A ] 沙漠和高山一直是妨碍人们往来各地的屏障
10. 丨C】加拿大文化鼓励人们自由地表达自己的观点他们敢于反对集体达成的一致意见，尽管很少人
会咄咄逼人，但大都会热烈地为自己的观点辩护。
1 1. 丨B]全世界范围内犯罪率都在上升，而且我们有种种理由相信这一趋势将持续到下一个十年
12. [A]在一个能给强者赫赫声望的社会里，大卫觉得自己很无用，不为社会所接纳
13. [B】公园的这块场地是特别指定给孩子们的，不过也欢迎陪同的家长
14. [A]心理学家已经广泛地研究了病人遵从医嘱的情况
15. [B]对别人的好运气，我生来是不会妒忌的
16. [A]那样长期的减少能量消耗就可以抵消掉经济上的损失了
17. [B]这些美国科学家们将要去南极考察。
18. [C]为了简便起见，在第一部分中，我们有意地忽略了这一主题
19. [C】一位记者朋友曾经告诉我，假如你不坚持每天写作，那就会堕落成业余人士
。
20. [D]开发商把施工方案提交议会以求批准。
•237.嫩恩⑧皿
单词预习+返记
□moan □merchant □flame □meditate □defy □terrify
□groan □merchandise □flare □sovereign □reverse □hostage
□verbal □commerce □pulse □weapon □contemporary □folk
□streamline □package □stroke □interfere □undergo □compel
□surgery □profit □series □racial □hardship □conquer
□surgeon □patriotic □serial □occurrence □thorough □overcome
□kit □bureau □decay □duration □whereas □territory
□innovate □bureaucracy □rot □manual □creep □invade
□ultimate □affiliate □erode □motivate □stride □intrude
□utmost □represent □rust □motive □wander □funeral
□genius □representative □evaluate □chaos □tread □toll
□gene □democracy □spice □mess □stroll □illuminate
□genetic □evoke □jerk □infant □trot □illusion
□stubborn □stir □reckless □maternal □stoop □authentic
□triple □standstill □distract □massacre □undo □viewpoint
□triangle □static □alleviate □slaughter □mask □distribute
moan /maun/ 执 衫 i/;oman down. 当那个胖女人坐
v/.①to make a long, low sound because of pain, 下时，椅子发出了吱吱声。
unhappiness, or physical pleasure 卩申吟 77^ 【短语】moan and groan不停地抱怨
sick child moaned a little, and then fell
verbal /v3：bai/
osteep.这个生病的孩子呻吟了几声，后来就睡
a .①口头的 a rerba/ 口 头约定 // Verba/
着了。
communication is primary in our social
@to express unhappiness about sth.(〜
in你口头交际是我们社交中最主要的交
抱怨，发牢骚【同complain】A Zof
际方式。
moaned about the food served in the can-
② 用文字的 The difference is merely yerbal
仏en.许多学生都抱怨学校饭堂的菜不好吃。
差别仅仅在于措辞。
W•抱怨 /fe’s i/se 的〇
③ 动词的a ?;er6a/ nowr?动名词
mwc/i etedric以2/.他总抱怨我们用电大多
【派生】nonverbal a•非言语的
；!.呻吟声；怨声，牢 骚 a r/iocm 〇/ 痛苦的呻
吟 // /iave a moar? adcmZ ww/c 抱怨工作
streamline /*stri：miam/
groan 【助记】stream(流>+line(线）—使成流线型
/graun/
v/.① to design with flowing, gracefullines 使成
v/• ①呻吟;抱怨f同moan】77纪 hds a// wocmed
切/ien J 〇# £ 以 7Y.我关掉电视时， 谎线型 Now cars are streamlined for speed
and 为了提高速度、增强美观，现在小
孩子们都发出不满的哼哼声。
②发出呻吟般的声音77说 canY 轿车均采用流线型设计。
groaning with pain.达位病k 西疼痛而迅不
② to make sth. simpler, more effective, or
住发出呻吟。 more productive f§[ We must streamline
/i. 呻吟；嘎吱声77ie chair gave a groan when owr prodwWicm procedures. 我们必须简化生
•238-产程序以提高效率。 极•顶点，极 限 modem ctes句n
现代设计的最高代表
surgery /s3：d3an/
专四真题
/i.①外科，外科手术八私said执加肌〇对/fomm
actresses have undergone plastic surgery. Graduate unemployment is not, ultimately, a
据说很多韩国女演员都做过整形手术。 political problem ready to be solved.
②手尤室 Dr. Synith isn’t in tiw surgery to- 译文：大学毕业生失业现象最终并不是能够轻易
da?/.史密斯医生今天不在诊所。 解决的政治问题。
【派生】surgical • 外科的，外科手术的
Utmost /Atmaust/
surgeon /s3：d33n/
【助记】ut(out)+most(最多)一►极限
w. 夕卜科医生 Swryeo似狀汉/ to /cnon; more
a. the greatest possible importance etc. 极度
than medical knowledge. 外科医生不能只懂 的，最大的Corwerya汾m is 〇/ 执e wZmo对
得医学知识。
保护环境至关重要
w. the most that can be done 极限，极度，最大可
kit /kit/
能 That was the utmost we could do.那 A
/I. ® a set of tools or supplies that a person uses
我们能做的极限。
for a particular purpose or activity 成套工具 a
【短语】do one’s utmost竭力，尽全力
first-aid kit l 故邑 // shaving/sewing/repair
A:^剃须/缝纫/修理等用的成套工具
genius /d3i：nias/
(Dsth. that you buy in parts and put together
n. a person of extraordinary intellect and talent
yourself配套元件cm /ci/, —套飞机元
天才 Mozart was a genius at m usic.莫扎
件" He made the model from a k it.他用一
特是个音乐天才。
套元件组装成模型。
vt to provide with clothing or equipment (〜⑽/)
装备 They were all kitted out in brand-new
他们配备齐全，包括全新的滑雪服装。
innovate /'mauveit/
【助记】in+nov(新的）+ate(使)— 创新
v. to begin or introduce (sth. new) for the first
time革新，改革，创新阶 m or- 基因 Cancer can be cured if genes can be
der to make progress.表们必须改车以取得 7• 印 如 果 基 因 可 以 修 补 和
进步。// a new; 句w e 创立新技 替换，癌症是可以治愈的。
术
genetic /d3inetik/
【派生】innovation /i• 革新，创新；新发明
仏 affecting ord etermined by genes 遗传（学）的
ultimate /Aitimit/ More and more doctors believe that cancer
a. ① better, bigger, worsee tc. than all other a 分抓说ic 越来越多医生认为癌症
things or people of the same kind 极端的，最 是遗传病。
大的，最高的 an ultimate rock and roll band n. [-S]遗传学 Genetics is beyond my scope•遺
最棒的榣浪乐队 // This race will be the ul- 传学我是外行。
Kmate fe对 〇/ yowr sfciM. 这场比赛对你的技 【派生】genetically似/.遗传学上
能是最大的考验。
Stubborn /stAban/
②happening at the end of a long process 最
a. ① refusing to change your ideas or to stop
后的，最终的 77w? w;ar emted/or
doing sth.® SI W as stubborn as a mule
似 in an victory. 抗日战争以我们
ik袖 // You’re not as stubborn as everybody
的最后胜利而告终。
n. the best, most advanced, etc. of its kind 终 执fnfcs 2/ow are. 你不是其他人所想的那么顽固。
•239.②difficult to deal with，remove, etc. 难对付的 w.①小包，包裹，包装 a package of cigarettes —
This detergent can remove stubborn stains. 匕香炫 // Police destroyed the suspect pack
这种去污剂能去除难洗的污渍 age in a controlled explosion. 赘察通过受控
爆破弓丨爆了那个可疑包襄// package design
triple Aripl/
包装设计
【助记】tri(三)+ple(折脅)— 折叠三次的一► 三倍的
②a set of ideas or services that are sug
a.三部分的；三倍的//e 欲i分從/〇”
gested or offered all together as a group —
〇// /咖 exlra w;orfc. 由于额外的工作他领取了
揽子交易（或计划、建议等）pacto火 • 包 办
三倍的工资。
旅游 // The bank is ojferhyj a special fi
v.(使)增至三倍 77祀？mma分er fripfcd ftis income
nancial package fo?， students. 这家银行正给
经理使他的收入增至三倍a // Cracte prices
学生提供一整套特殊的金融服务。
ejected to 原油价格预计要涨到
vt.①把…打包 Have you finished padcaging
原价的三倍。
jwesente? 你将圣诞礼物打包好
了吗？
triangle /traiaeggl/
②包装，把…装袋（或盒等）77ieirprodwcteare
【助记】trUFJ+angle(角）一►三角
always attractively packaged
n• 三兔，三兔M Bermuda Triangle百慕:k 三免 . 他 们 的 产 品 患
是包装得非常精美。
【派生】triangular a•三角形的；涉及三人的
【派生】packaging /!•包装
【归类卡片】各种形状
三角形：triangle 正方形：square profit /pmfit/
长方形：rectangle 圆形：circle /!.①利润【反 loss】呢 众 以 sates af sma//
椭圆形：ellipse 扇形：sector pro/ite. 我们薄利多销
梯形：trapezium 菱形：diamond ② an advantage that you gain from doing
星形：star sth.收益，益处 rmdin分/or* />?•〇/以 and ptea-
swre为获得益处和乐趣而阅读
merchant /m3：tjant/ v/. to be useful or helpful to sb.有益于介
【助记】merch(贸易Uant(表人)一►商人 might profit you to leam about the compa-
"•商人 Honest merchants do not deceive their 6e/ore yowr 面试前先了 解一下
诚实的商人不欺膝他们的顾客 这个公司可能对你有利。
vi.(〜by，from)得益 profit from investments 心
merchandise /'m3：tjandaiz/
投资中获利//阶 01?1/>7'〇/以介0?/1//^?72.私-
n. goods that are being sold ® 〇〇 genial mei'-
加 众 從 feave mwte. 我们可以从所犯错误中
杂货，曰用商品
得到教益
yt. to promote the sale of, as by advertising or
【派生】profitable a•有利可图的
display推销（货物或服务） no z/從 in
manufactming an item unless you can patriotic /•paetri.ntik/
除非能够销售得出，否则生产产 a.爱国的 /iis speech 切肪 /wW 〇/ 5en-
品就没有价值 hmente.他的演说充满了爱国之情:，
【派生】patriot w• 爱_者
commerce /k〇m3：s/
【助记】com(共同)+merce(贸易)—商业 bureau /'bjuarau/
w• 商业，贸易 W? m 仏s/ commerce 执 n.局、办事处 The weather bureau makes daily
ccmwYr/es. 我们必须促进与欧洲国 reports on weather conditions. 气象局每天报
家的贸易往来 告天气状况。
【派生】commercial a• 商业的w•商业广告
bureaucracy /bjuarokresi/
package (paekid 3 / 【助记】bureau(机关）+cracy(统治)一► 政府机构
【助记】pack(包奥）+age—►包裹 n. ①a system of government or business that
.240.has many complicated rules and ways of 【派生】democratic仏 民 主 的 ，民主国家的 //
doing things 官僚主义 77 democrat n .民主人士
tutes a refoim against bureaucracy in the
evoke /ivauk/
经理推行改革以消除公司内的官僚
【助记】e(out)+voke(叫唤)—唤起
作风c
vt. to bring (a memory, feeling, image, etc.) into
② 政 府 机 构 frcwfe wwion immmcrc⑽/工
the mind 唤起，使人想起 77?必 cm 600A
会机构
fccw ⑼o&ed mwd?, 这篇书评引起
【派生】bureaucrat /i.官员；官僚作风的人// bu
了很多争议。
reaucratic at. 官僚的
专匹真题
affiliate /8'filieit/ /a'filnt/ /i.
vt.
To most of us, music means something; it
【助记】af(to)+fili(儿子)+ate(使)— 使隶厲于
evokes some response. We obtain some
vt. to adopt or accept as a member, subordi-
satisfaction in listening to music.
nate associate, or branch 使隶属于 77说
译文：对我们大多教人来说，音乐很重要，它能唤
cliffe College is affiliated with Harvard
起我们的回应我们在聆听音乐的过程中获得某
拉德克利夫学院附属于哈佛大学
种满足。
w. 附属机构/ore切n 外国联属企业
【派生】affiliation /I•联系，从属关系；并人
represent Arepri’zent/ v/.①拨袢，搜动 S/ir /加 Zo rnr/ce swre 以
v/•①to act or speak officially for (sb. or sth.)作 is smoo/fo. 将油漆挽拌以确保其均匀
为…的代表 We chose a comr/iiW從 to reym?- ©to cause to move or shift, esp. slightly or
我们选出一个委页会来代表我们 with irregular motion 使微动 77w? s以rs
©to be a sign or symbol of (sb. or sth.)象 teaves. 风吹动树叶
征 The dove 7*epresents peace.钱子象征和平 ③to cause (an emotion or reaction)打 动 义
③ to describe (sb. or sth.) in a particular large audience was deeply stirred by the
way 描绘 The painting represents a storm sad love stoiy of Rose and Jack in Titanic.
sea.这幅画描绘的是一场海上风暴。 众多观众被《泰坦尼克号》里罗丝与杰克悲伤的
【派生】representation w.描写；象征；[/?/•]申述 爱情故事深深打动。
vi.①微动 The leaves stirred in the wind.树叶
representative /.repnzentativ/
在风中摇动。
w. 代表【同 delegate 】M ②(某种感情）产生 4 沁
in the House of Commons are elected by the Wir m Aim.他心中泛起一种奇怪的感觉。
Brito/? 在英国，下议院代表是英国人民 n .①搅拌Give /加porrid分e a W in把粥挽一
选出的。
搅。
a, typical of a particular group or thing (〜〇/)有 ② a feeling of excitement or annoyance 激
代表性的/fe切os in no ira沒r印 加 ive 动，骚乱 fYans/or
〇/ frairiers in gewercrZ.他绝不能代表大 cr siir amow^f toccr/5. 修建高速公路的计划在
多数的驯狗师" representative work(s) 代 当地居民中引起相当大的轰动。
表作 【短语】stir u p 激起，挑起
democracy /di'mokrasi/ standstill /staendstil/
【助记】denio(人民〉+cracy(统治)一►民主 /i• 静止状态，停顿 77说 sfrifce /wis ftrowg/i/ pro-
n.①民主 The military regime has promised to duction to a standstiU. 罢工已使生产停顿
r從tore rfemocrac^/ soon.军事政权承诺不久将
恢复民主。 static f staetik/
②民主国家 > 4 democracy/ a//ow;s /r從 【助记】sta(站立）+tic-►站立不动的—静态的
sp從cfe.真正的民主国家允许言论自由。 a. showing little or no change, action, or progress
•241 •静的；停滞的 does wo/ remain ⑤报 时的钟声Wg arrived airpo竹 ow
static， but changes constantly.文明不是條jt 〇/ sir.我们6 点整到达机场。
的，而是不断变化的。 ⑥ 笔 M A few strokes of her pen b7,ouglU
/!•静电；[-s]静力学构/ /wiir供te/wW o/s⑽ ic oW fcis/ea故res ctearZ^/.她几笔划就清晰勾勒
/ 6rWiS/i仏我梳头时头发就有好多静电 出他的特点。
⑦ 抚 摸 分 do分a siro/ce抚摸一下那条狗
flame /fieim/
vt. to move your hand over (sb. or sth.) gently
n. ①hot bright burning gas that you see when
and in one direction 抚摸 //e owf
sth. is on fire 火焰，火舌 /Tames powred
and stroked her ckeek tenderly.他伸手轻染
of the windows of the buildirig.火烧从大楼
地抚摸她的脸颊1
的窗户里不断冒出
②a strong feeling强烈的情感/fe w iwr对故 series /siariiz/
iwto yZames. 他正怒火中烧 【助记】ser(结合）+ies— 集结出版的东西—丛书
v . ①to burn brightly 燃烧 4 weaY /ire n .①一l^MThere’sbeenawholeseriesofao
iw cm opew /ireptace. —大团火在敞口壁炉中 cidents on this stretch of road recently. 近
熊熊燃烧。 来在这一路段发生了 一连串事故。
② to become suddenly bright with light or ②(电视、广播等的)系列片；系列节目7Yser^
color, esp. red or orange 发光，飞红 77说 ris- 电视连续剧
ing sun flamed the eastern sky.報 枭红 1 【用法】本词的单复数同形。
东方的欠空 // Her cheeks flamed with rage. 专四真题
她气得脸颊通红。
If we hear a series of drumbeats, we re
flare /flee/ ceive an impression of movement from one
stroke to the next.
vi. ①to shine or burn suddenly and briefly 闪耀
译文：如果我们听到了一串鼓声，我们受到了从一
The fire flared up as I added more wood.
个鼓点到另一个鼓点的运动。
我添了些木柴，火顿时旺起来。
② to become suddenly angry 突然发怒 /介
serial /sierial/
flared up in a fury and shouted at her.他
/i.连续剧；连载故事7Ms drama strict/红 rer2/
一下子火冒三丈，对她大喊大叫。
popw/ar.这部连续剧很受欢迎。
/?.闪光信号si分na/yZare信号弹
fl. 连续的，顺 序 排 列 的 in seria/ order按
pulse /pais/ 顺序故％的 // Jing Yong’s Kongfu novels of
n .脉搏；脉冲 Her pulse inced with excitement ten appear as serial novels in newspapers.
when she got the good news.听到那条好消 金庸的武侠小说经常以连栽小说的形式出现在
息，她激动得心跳加快了 报纸上。
v/. to move with strong, regular beats St &J His
decay /di'kei/
Zieart jrnteed 他的心脏猛烈地跳动。
【助记】de(down)+cay(下降)—衰落
Stroke /strauk/ v. ®to be slowly destroyed by natural process-
w.①中风/fe fead a s以ote yes你day.他昨天中 es 腐烂 The vegetables have begun to decay.
那些疏菜已开始腐烂。//Swpar can
风了 0
的〇执. 糖会腐蚀牙齿。
② 一饮努 tl The first stroke is half the bat-
②to slowly lose strength, health, etc•衰落
办•[谚j良好的开端是成功的一半。
Our powers decay in old age.我们的体力在
③ 划奖，划水S/祕sirnm 执 a 对ro/ces.
年老时衰退。
她平稳地用力划水游泳
n•①腐烂 Flvmide is helpful in fighti/ng tooth
④ 击，敲 He fell the tree with one stroke of the
氟化物有助于预防垃牙。
are. 他一斧头就将树砍倒
•242-② 衰 败 状 态 衰 敗 ，衰落 v/.①使增添趣味 //is stories are spiced 执
/mmor.他的小说里有很多幽默风趣的片段。
rot /rot/
②加香料于 77祕 scmp w;as peppered
v• 腐烂，腐朽【同decay】77犯ripe/ru以6印an to
and spiced.汤里加了许多胡椒粉和香料。
rot ivhen no one came to pick it .没有人来
【派生】spiced a• 含香料的// spicy a• 辛辣的；有
摘这些成熟的水果，它们已经开始烂了。//Too
刺激性的
inwcfc 7 Y 祕似ro/ ycmr brain. 电视看大多脑
子会变迟钝。 jerk /d33：k/
/I.腐烂，腐朽a o/n>£ —棵朽树 v. to push, pull, or twist (sth.) with a quick move-
【短语】rot away腐烂// talk rot胡说八道，胡话 ment (使）碎然一动，猛 拉 //earing肌2/⑽肌衫
mentioned， I instinctively jerked my head
erode /iVaud/
6acfc.听到有人说到我的名字，我出于本能猛地
v . ①to gradually destroy (sth.) or to be gradu
话达头笨。 // Suddenly the car jerked to a
ally destroyed by natural forces 腐蚀 ，磨损
汽车突然地停住了。
The old house has been eroded by rain n• 急推，急拉 He shut the drawer with a jerk.
over你^ 2/ears. 这所老房子多年来已经被雨侵 他猛地关上抽屉。
蚀了。
② to gradually reduce sth. such as sb.’s reckless Aekies/
power or confidence 肖ij 【助记】reck(顾及）+less(没有…的）一►无所顾忌的一►
ure had eroded her confidence.考试接连失 魯莽的
a. not showing proper concern about the pos
败打击她的自信心。// O v e r 如斤
power has eroded considerably.这些年象他 sible bad results of your actions # ^ W His
们的权力大大削弱了 reckless driving accounted for the accident.
他开车鲁莽，引起了这场事故。
【派生】erosion w• 腐蚀；削弱
rust /FAst/ distract /dis'traekt/
n.铁绣 The mower is covered with rust.割萆 【助记】dis(apart)+tract(拉)— (注意力）被拉开一►使
机布满了锈。 分心
vt to take sb.fs attention away from what they
v .(使）生绣 My bike has ms ted and needs oil
are trying to do 使分心 The noise outside
我的自行车生锈了，需要上油。// 77紹m m
distracted me from my reading.外面的 1 杂
iron roo/ 雨水会使铁皮屋顶生诱
声使我没法专心读书。
【派生】rusty a• 生锈的；锈色的
【派生】distraction w• 分心的事，心烦意乱
evaluate /iVaeijueit/
alleviate /a'Hivieit/
【助记】e(out)+valu(看作value)+ate~►评定出价值—
【助记】al(to)+levi(轻）+ate(使)一►减轻
评价
vt. to make (sth.) less painful, difficult, or severe
vt. to judge the value or condition of (sb. or sth.)
缓解 77祕 new; can alleviate the
in a careful and thoughtful way 评估，评价【同
cancer 分.这种新药可以缓解
assess】 We shall need to evaluate how the
癌症病人的痛苦.
new maternal stands up to wear and tear.
专四真题
我们需要对新材料的耗磨损性进行评估。
【派生】evaluation n• 评价，估计 The techniques of reframing and distraction
can alleviate depression and anxiety as well
Spice /spais/
as anger.
/f• ①香料,调味品77说 scmp w從cte a
译 文 ：心态重建和分散注意力的技巧不仅可以消
spice.这个汤要多加点调味。 气，还能够减轻抑郁症和焦虑3
②sth. that adds interest or excitement 情趣
Humo?' is the spice of life.幽默是 i■活的调 meditate /mediteit/
味剂。 【助记】medit(想）+ate(动词词尾)一♦•沉思
•243-vi. (Dto spend time in quiet thought for religious a . 人种的，种族的77泌^ 狀仏〇/ 厂〇^(?/〇1^似-
purposes or relaxation 冥想 //e 贈 奶 /or siow fee stopped.他们的种族压迫行为必
an hour eve)y 7noming.他每天早上默想一 须予以阻止。
个小时 【派生】racialism /I•种族主义；种族仇视// racism
②to think about (sth.) carefully 想，沉思 5/祕 /!.种族主义；种族歧视// racist /!.种族主义
sat quietly, meditating on the day's events. 者^种族主义的
她静静地坐着，思考着当天发生的事3
occurrence /akArans/
叱 to plan in the mind; intend 策划 Si/ew%
【助记】occur(v• 发生）的名词
m仪h’to仏d reuen供.她默默策划实施报复
/J.①发生的事情TVajfjfca代 an
sovereign /snvrin/ i n c “2/.交通阻塞在城市里是
【助 记 】5〇^(31)0斤6)+1'(^11(统 治 )一>君主 每天都发生的事，
//.君主，元首 The true sovereigns of a country ②发生 Stealing is of 7nre occurrence in
are those who determine its mode of think- 执私area. 盗窃在这个地区很少发生
iM. 国家的真正领袖是那些决定该国思想方式
duration /dju^Vei/sn/
的人
【助记】dur(持续）+ation—►持续
a. ①having unlimited power or authority 至高无
/i. 持续，持续期间//e似 仙 in /ar
上的 Most European monarchs no longer
the duration of the school year•整个哮年他
fecwe s⑽ 大 多 數 欧 洲 君 主 已 经
都要住院^*
不再拥有至高无上的控制权了
②having independent authority and the right
manual /msenjusl/
to govern itself具有独立主权的77紀 W zms
【助记】manu(手)+al—►手丁•的
designed as an association of sovereign
a• 手工做的，体 力 的 77说 ojfjfers mawwaZ
sto如.联合国是作为各主权国家的联合体而构
frainin分 pwpifc.该校为学生开设手工课
建成的。
/i. a book that gives instructions about how to
【派生】sovereignty n.最高统治权；国家的主权
do sth., esp. how to use a machine ^ Con
weapon ，wepen/ sult the computer manual if you have a
/woWem.如有疑问请查阅电脑手册
w. 武器，兵 器 nwctear 似 核武器// 77ieir
ultimate weapon was the threat of an all-
motivate /meutiveit/
他们最后的杀手锏是成胁举行大罢工
【助记】mot(移动）+iv+ate(使)一►激励
【派生】weaponry "•(总称）武器
w . ①to make sb. want to do sth., esp. sth.
that involves hard work and effort 激励
interfere /.inte'fia/
What can motivate a student to seek more
【助记】inter(between)+fere(打）一►“干涉”导致相S
/cwmd执切什么能促使学生追求更多的知识？
打斗
②to be the reason why sb. does sth•作为
vi.①to deliberately get involved in a situation
…的动机 Was he motivated solely by a de
where you are not wanted or needed 卜i” )
sire for power? 他仅仅是受权欲的驱动吗?
干涉，介入 Don’t intetfere in my business.
【派生】motivation it• 动力；激发因素
请不要干涉我的事
(Dto make (sth.) slower or more difficult
motive /mautiv/
(〜H7//1} 妨碍，干扰 can in吻fere
【助记】mot(移动)+ive—►动机
with children’s performance at school. 忧虑
n. the reason that makes sb. do sth., esp.
会影响孩子在学校的表现
when this reason is kept hidden 动机，目的
【派生】interference /!• F涉；干扰
The police believe the motive for this mur-
der was jealousy.誓察认为这次谋杀是由忌妒
racial Aeij al/
引起的U
【助记】rac(e)(人种）+ial—►人种的
•244-chaos /kems/ 对犹太人的大屠杀
n. complete confusion and disorder 混舌L The © a very bad defeat in a game or competi-
ycrme emted in dwios.这场比赛以說乱告终 tion 惨败 f/ni仏d Zosi in a massacre. 联
【派生】chaotic fl•混乱的，无秩序的 队以0:9惨败3
专四真题 slaughter /sbite/
Cairo, a dusty city of 20 miUion people, is w.①to kill (many people) in a very violent way
a place where time seems to both stand 屠杀 Millions were slaughtered in the wen，.
still and rush into utter chaos. 战争中教百万人遭到屠杀。
译文：开罗是个拥有2000万人口的灰扑扑的城 ②to kill (an animal) for food 屠宰 77^ pcmic
市，在这里时间似乎既停滞不前，又一头闯入一 of mouth and foot disease caused the British
片混乱之中。 government to slaughter millions of cattle.
口蹄疫造成的恐慌使英国政府宰杀了数百万头牛。
mess /mes/ n .屠杀；屠宰 The battlefield was a scene of
/i. ® a very dirty or untidy state or condition 於 战 场 上 呈 现 出 恐 怖 的 杀 戰 景 象 。
乱状态77祕 fci纪Ziew in a mess. 厨房又
【辨析】表示“屠杀”的动词
脏又乱。
slaughter:本义指大批宰杀动物，也指对人的大
© a situation that is very complicated or dif
量残杀
ficult to deal with How did you get in-
massacre:不加区别的大屠杀，特别是对无抵抗
to a mess K/泌执is?你怎么会陷入这般困境？
能力的人
------------------------------------------------------办
vA 弄糟，弄脏，搞乱■DcmY
/’说 如 对 你 抑 1 in order.不要乱翻文件， defy /di’fai/
我刚整理好。
【助记】de(away)+!V(信赖)— 远离公众信赖—违抗
【短语】mess about/around瞎忙；浪费时间闲荡；轻
v/•① to refuse to obey (sth. or sb.)违 抗 ，藐视
率地对待// mess with干预，介人// mess up
you defy the law, you may find yourself in
把…弄精 She felt she’d messed up her whole
prison. 如果不服从法律，就可能会坐牢
她感觉她把自己的整个生活弄得一团糟.
②to make (sth.) very difficult or impossible
使成为不可能77祕 door a// aftonpte
infant Anfent/
to open认这扇门用什么办法都打不开。
n .婴儿7?於 ft印cm to 婴儿开始哭叫
(S)to tell (sb.) to do sth. that you think can-
a .①婴儿的iWcm£/〇77ym/a mi/A:要儿配方奶
not be done 挑 ，激 //e cte/ied ⑽ to jwmp
②very new and still developing 幼稚的，初期
do胃 . 他刺激我跳下去。
的 新兴产业
【派生】defiance /i.违抗，蔑视// defiant a•违抗
【派生】infancy /i• 幼年期；初期
的，藐视的
maternal /ma.t3:ni/
a. ① 母亲的 Maternal age affects the baby’s reverse m V3:s/
【助记】re(back)+verse(转）一►倒转—使反向
ra/e母亲的年龄影响婴儿的存活率。
②母系的ma如Tia/分ram^c^feer外祖父 v•① to change (sth.) to an opposite state or
【派生】maternity /!.母性a•孕妇的 condition 撤销，推翻 77leccmr/ o/a^pecf/re-
versed the original verdict and set the pris-
massacre /*maesak0/
oner/ree.上诉法院撤销了原判，释放了那个犯人。
vt. to violently kill a group of people, esp. when ② to change the order or position of (two
they cannot defend themselves 大规模屠杀
things or a series)使颠倒(通常的次序）7%印
They cruelly massacred aU the people in
reversed the yioimal order for the ceremony.
供. 他们残酷地屠杀了村里所有的人。
他们改变了仪式的常规顺序
n•①大雇杀 the massacre of Jews by Na^i in
③ to switch the positions of the top and
WorW V^r LT第二次世界大战中德国纳粹分子
bottom or the front and back of (sth.)使反
•245.向，使翻转 S/紹 reversed pciper iw chanics will check everything; they’re very
priwfer.她把打印机中的纸翻过来 执onmfirfc. 机械师要对一 切东西进行检查，他们
④to drive (a vehicle) backward 反向，倒转/te- 的工作是非常仔细的c
verse (the car) into/out of the parking space.
whereas /weeraez/
把车倒进/出停车场
然而【同 while】 Some peop/e Zi/ce/a吻 撕 机
，!.①相反情况 / ims wC 代-
whereas others hate it. 有些人喜欢肥肉，然而
versey I was seething with anger. 我并不高
有些人却不喜欢。
兴，恰恰相反，我气极了
② 反面，背面 77犯 coin a Ziow
creep /kri:p/
cm reverse.硬币反面的图案是个戴皇冠的
v i,① to move slowly
獅子。
with the body close
③ 挫折【同setback】 me祝 mi执 reverses遭受
to the ground 爬行
挫折，吃敗仗
【同 crawl】 CMdrew
a.相反的in m;er.se or(/er按相反顺序
learn to creep before
【派生】reversal，!•倒转；挫折// reversible a•可
they can go. 孩學
反转的；可撤销的
走路，先得学爬行。
contemporary /kan'temparari/ ② to move slowly
and quietly esp. in order to not be noticed
【助记】con(共同）+tempor(时间）+ary(表人）一►同
踢手踢足地走S/祕cr印Z wp Zo M m /n>m
代人
ftiwd.她从后面蹑手蹑脚地走近他。
a. ① happening or beginning now or in recent
【用法】过去式、过去分同crept。
times当 代 的 /以era如re当代文学
②同时代的 coniempomi^/
Stride /straid/
iVapoteow.贝多芬与拿破仑是同时代的人。
W. to walk with very long steps 大踏步走 77祕
/i. 同代人 Shelley and Keats were contempo-
policemen strode along the road.弩察沿路k
rar/es.雪莱和济慈是同时代的人。
踏步行走。
undergo /‘Andagau/ /i.①大步；步法办crye a/i/祕 对ricte大踏步悠然自
【助记】under(在…下面)+go(走)一►行走于苦难之下一► 得地走
经历 ② 丨 常 进 展 Wip’ue mcwte分m z/对rictes in
vt. to experience or endure (sth.)经历，遭受 Kow medical technology this century.衣世纪我们
may have to undergo failure before expert- 在医疗方面取得了巨大的进步。
enciw夕似⑺设次你在尝到成功滋味之前，也许 【短语】take in (one’s) stride轻而易举地应付
得经受失敗。 【用法】过去式strode，过去分词stridden。
【用法】过去式underwent,过去分词undergone。
wander /wonda/
hardship /*ha：djip/ vi. ®to walk slowly across or around an area,
【助记】hard(艰难的）+ship(表状态)一►艰难 usu. without a clear direction or purpose 漫
/!• 艰难，困苦 can rawse 分 游 She wandered aimlessly around the streets.
/or peopte.通货膨张会给人们带来巨大的苦难。 她在大街上漫无目的地到处游荡，
② to go away from a path, course, etc.偏离
thorough /*0 /
八阳
正道 Please don’t wander off the point•请
a.①including every possiWe detail 彻底的，完全
不要离题,5
的 A thorough search has been carried out
③ 走神 //crnnd my 我
for the lost pilot, but it was in vain.人们
发觉自己的注意力集中不起来
仔细地寻找过失踪的飞行员，可是没有找到。
②careful to do things properly so that you tread /tred/
avoid mistakes仔细周到，精 心 的 77纪 r^- vi*. to walk (on ora long sth.)踩，踏，走 Be aire-
•246.ful not to tread on that broken glass.小心， 叱①用面具遮住AMrobbers w;ere masfced.
别踩到那块碎玻璃上。 所有的强盗都戴着面具3
②掩饰 A smile masked his disappointment.
Stroll /straul/
微笑遮掩了他的失望e
vi. to walk slowly in usu. a pleasant and re-
laxed w a y 散步，闲逛77祕2/ 对roZted do職 to terrify /tenfai/
carwz/.他们漫步走到了运河边。 【助记】terri(惊吓）+fy(使)—使惊吓
/i• 散步，闲逛阶 /or a sfroW in W par/c. v/. to cause (sb.) to be extremely afraid 使惊吓
我们去公园散了散步。 The brutal policeman terrified the old man
into compliance.那个粗暴的警察恐吓老人，老
trot /trot/
人只有同意。
W• ①（马等）疾走，小跑Aten tooA： rei似 and
专四真题
the small horse started trotting.災伦抓住络
绳，小马开始小跑起来。 If you were under pressure to be perfect,
©to run at a slow, steady pace ^ SB I trot- you are terrified of failing in the most pub
ted down the steps and out to the shed. 我 lic of ways.
小步跑下台阶去棚屋。 译文：如果你过去一直承受着追求完美的压力，
w•(马）快步；疾走，小 跑 价 /cictod fcis /torse into 那么在大庭广众之中失败会使你感到恐惧。
a iro£.他踢了 一下马，让它加快脚步.-// W? s以
〇#故a b r h A : 我们以轻快的步伐出发了。 hostage ，hDstid3/
【短语】on the trot不停地忙碌 n .人质 Two children were taken hostage du?，-
ing the bank robbery.在紙行拖劫专中有两名
St p /stu:p/
〇〇 儿童被扣为人质：>
vi•.① to bend down or over 弯 腰 *S/祕 stooped
and hugged the little dog•地賀 T 腰去，it起
folk /feuk/
小狗。 n . ①(p/.] your parents and family 亲属，父母//ok;
②to drop your moral standards to do sth. are ^/owr/oifes?你家里人好吗？
bad or unpleasant (〜切）堕落到 / 认inA: teW ② 人们 Folks around here will always lend
never stoop吣 夕 . 我 认 为 他 不 至 堕 落 到 a /wmd ^ 2/ow need仏如果你需要，这周围的
偷窃的地步。 人总会帮你一把。
n.弯藤 My grandfather walks with a stoop. A ③ [/?/.】大伙儿，各位77如 ’5 心 /or now;,
爷爷走路时弓着背。 到此为止，各位。
a.民间的/o/A: cuZ如re/art民间文化/民间艺术
undo /‘An’du:/
【助记】un(not)+do(做)一*•不做了一►取消 compel /kam’pel/
v/.①to unfasten or loosen sth.解开，使松开 【助记】com(with)+pel(驱使)一*•强迫
She undid the string round the parcel.地解 v/. to force (sb.) to do sth.强迫 / ims
开了缠在包裹上的细绳。 to acknowledge the force of his argument.
©to change or stop the effect of sth.取消， 我不得不承认他的论据有力。
废除 VWwzY is 办狀 fee undone. 覆水
conquer /kmjka/
难收。
【助记】con(完全）+quer(追求）一>•追求的目标全部得
m a s k /m a ：sk/ 到—征服
【助记】戴上防毒面具(mask),执行灭火任务（task) 以•① to get control of a country by fighting 攻
n .①面具；假面具an似妙⑼ mosfc氣气面具 占，征服 The Normans conquered England
② an expression or way of behaving that m ⑽66.诺曼人于1066年攻占了英格兰。
hides your real emotions or character 伪装， ② to defeat an enemy 击败 The Zulus
掩饰 Her sarcasm is a mask for ker inse- conquered all the neighboring tribes• 祖鲁k
她说挖苦的话是为了掩饰她的焦虑不安。 打败了所有邻近的部落。
•247.③to gain control of (a problem or difficulty) 【派生】invasion /!• 人侵；涌人// invader /I•侵略
through great effort 破除，克服 confer 者;侵入物
kabits 先服不良习惯 // There has been a
intrude /intru:d/
tremendous international effort to conquer
【助记】in(into)+trude(突破)一►侵人
cancer.全世界都已经为攻克癌症花费了大量的
V. ®to interrupt sb. or become involved in their
精力。
private affairs in an annoying and unwanted
【派生】conqueror /!• 征服者// conquest n• 征服;
way 侵扰，干扰 Wow/d / ?/ /
战利品
m m e 祕以办我要是和你一起去，会不会打
overcome /.auva'kAm/ 扰你？
vt. ®to successfully control a feeling or problem ©to have an unwanted effect on a situation
that prevents you from achieving sth.克月艮 把…强加于 A translator shouldn’t intrude
The Chinese Women's Volleyball Team his own opinions into what he’s
overcame a lot of difficulty to win the 《rcmsta/iw众.译者不该擅自把自己的意思强加进
matefc.中国女排克服重重困难，赢得了这场比 译文中。
赛的胜利。 【派生】intruder/I.闯人者，入侵者，夜盗者
② to fight and win against sb. or sth.战胜 Jn
funeral /*fju:n 讀
the final game， Australia overcame the
n.蕃礼 Ske had a simple funeral, as she had
忽. 决赛中澳大利亚队以2:1战胜
regwested. 遵照她的遗愿，葬礼从简3
荷兰。
③ to affect (sb.) very strongly or severely (感
toll Aaul/
情等）压倒 //e ims ㈣ emohcm. 他
① 过路费
激动得难以自持。
traveling across the
bridge has to pay a
territory /terit^n/
过这座桥的人都
【助记】terr(地）+it+ory(地点)—领土
要付通行费。
n. ® land that is owned or controlled by a
② 伤 亡 人 数 汍
particular country, ruler, or military force 领土
toll has risen to 200.
The Taiwan Island is part of our territory.
死亡人数已上升到200人。
台湾岛是我国领土的一部分。
v. to sound in slowly repeated single tones(缓慢
② a particular area of experience or
knowledge 领 域 ，范围 77^ company/ is
而有规律地）敲（钟）77w Abbe^/ bell toUedfor
those killed in the war. k 教堂为成争中的死
moving into unfamiliar territmij with this
难者鸣钟e, // to// a /wnera/ 敲响丧钟
new; s o / h m m 该公司正通过这种新开发的软
件进入一个陌生的领域:，
illuminate /i'iju：mmeit/
【助 记】il (upon) +lumin
invade /mveid/
(光）+ate—► 光线照在
【助记】in(into)+vade(走）— 强行走进去一► 侵人
…上―照明
v. ① to enter (a place, such as a foreign
vt. ® to shine light on
country) in order to take control by military
(sth.)照明 Tian’cm-
force 侵入，侵略 Hitler invaded Poland in
men Square really
希特勒于1939年入侵波兰。//以oops
awaiting the signal to invade 等待入優信号
looks magnificent at
的部队 night when it is il-
②to affect sb. in an unwanted and annoying torwinated.在夜晚灯光的照耀下，天安门广场
way 侵扰，侵犯（权利等）Famows peopk 看起来确实很壮观。
find their privacy invaded by the press. 名 ©to make (sth.) clear and easier to under-
人常常发现他们的隐私被新闻界侵犯。 stand 阐明 //is
•248plained many scientific phenomena.他的讲 of the painting can pass for the authentic
座阐明并解释了许多科学现象。 one. 他临摹的画足以乱真
【派生】illuminating a• 富有启发性的// Hlumination ②true and accurate 可靠的 cm执eniic
/Z.照明；阐明；[/?/.】彩灯 可靠的消息
viewpoint /*vju:point/
illusion /i'lu：3an/
【助记】view(见解）+point(点)—观点
n. ① an idea or opinion
w. 观点 ^Ne ham different viewpoints in
that is wrong, esp.
assigning the tasks. 我们对任务的分派持不同
about yourself 幻想
的观点。
The girl is always
under the illusion distribute /di’stribju:t/
that her prince 【助记】dis(apart)+tribute(给予）一►分发
charming will take vr.①to give or deliver (sth.) to people 分发 •名
her away on a white part-time job on Sunday was to distribute
feorse one da沒这姑娘成天幻想着有朝一日她的白马 c m s h 桃&他在星期天的兼职是到
王子会将她带走。 街上去派发传单。
®sth. that seems to be different from the ②to spread or place (sth.) over an area 散
way it really is 错觉 77紹 mirrors ir? 你必 room
布，分布 This species of dolphin is widely
gave an illusion of greater space.後子给人^ distributed througfiout the w〇7id.达种海勝
一种房间变大了的错觉。 在世界各地广泛分布。
【派生】disillusion v• 使幻想破灭，使醒悟// disillu 【派生】distribution /!•分发；散布；销售// redis-
sioned a•幻想 破灭的 tribute v.重新分配
authentic /〇：'0entik/
a. ©real or genuine RJEfivl The copy he made
•249.典型考题精练
1. Around 80 percent of the _______ characteristics of most white Britons have been passed down
from a few thousand Ice Age hunters.
A. intelligible B. random C. spontaneous D. genetic
2. Purchasing the new production line will be a _______ deal for the company.
A. forceful B. tremendous C. favorite D. profitable
3. When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want, the question _______ a variety of
answers.
A. defies B. magnifies C. mediates D. evokes
4. These teachers try to be objective when they _______ the integrated ability of their students.
A. justify B. evaluate C. indicate D. reckon
5. He raised his eyebrows and stuck his head forward and _______ it in a single nod, a gesture boys
used then for O.K. when they were pleased.
A. shrugged B. tugged C. jerked D. twisted
6. Although we tried to concentrate on the lecture, we were _______ by the noise from the next
room.
A. distracted B. displaced C. dispersed D. discarded
7. The medicine _______ his pain but did not cure his illness.
A. activated B. alleviated C. medicated D. deteriorated
8. The ship’s generator broke down, and the pumps had to be operated _______ instead of
mechanically.
A. artificially B. automatically C. manually D. synthetically
9. If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be _______ to work hard, with the result
that tax revenues might actually shrink.
A. cultivated B. licensed C. motivated D. innovated
10. You shouldn’t _______your father's instructions. Anyway he is an experienced teacher.
A. deduce B. deliberate C. defy D. denounce
11. The magician made us think he cut the girl into pieces but it was merely a n ____.
A. illusion B. impression C. image D. illumination
12. What the correspondent sent us is an _______ news report. We can depend on it.
A. evident B. authentic C. ultimate D. immediate
13. His heroic deeds inspired the _______ spirit of young people.
A. utmost B. racial C. patriotic D. contemporary
14. Being unable to distinguish colors, the boy is _______ to give up the ideal of becoming a fashion
designer.
A. compelled B. terrified C. persuading D. advising
15. Senators are people who are elected every 6 years and they _______ a whole state.
A. represent B. present C. constitute D. symbolize
16. High interest rates can gradually_______ profit margins.
A. rot B. erode C. decay D. stroke
17. Someone who is driving ________may have a willful disregard of safety, and may simply have
ignored the rules of the road.
A. irritably B. impatiently C. cautiously D. recklessly
18. Smoking and drinking _______ with your body’s ability to process oxygen.
•250.A. disturb B. affect C. stir D. interfere
19. A copyright gives the owner exclusive rights to copy, _______ , display, or perform the work.
A. triple B. attribute C. distribute D. contribute
20. On weekends, there were always groups of boys hanging about in the square. The underlined
phrase means_______•
A. striding B. strolling C. wandering D. treading
21. The judge _______ his opinion and declared that the accused was not guilty.
A. underwent B. reversed C. undid D. masked
22. A respectful person will not upon their neighbor's privacy, or share these private details
with anyone else.
A. intrude B. invade C. stoop D. ponder
答案与译文
1 . 丨D ]绝大部分的白种英国人大约80%的遗传特征是从教千个冰河时代猎人那里遗传来的：
2. [D]购买这条新生产线对公司来说将是一笔有利可图的交易。
3. [D〗当问及人们需要或想要什么样的住宅时，他们的回答五花八门。
4. [B]这些老师在评价学生们的综合能力时尽量做到客观。
5. [C】他扬起眉毛，头向前伸并猛地点了一下，这是那时男孩子们高兴时用来表示O.K.的姿势。
6. [A]虽然我们努力专心听讲座，但是隔壁房间传来的嗓音还是分散了我们的注意力。
7. [B]这种药缓减了他的疼痛，但没有治愈他的疾病。
8. [C]轮船上的发电机坏了，只能用人工来代替机械操作水泵了。
9. [C]如果对商人征税过高的话，他们就不会再有动力努力工作了。所造成的后果便是税收实际上会萎缩。
10. 【C】你不该不听你爸爸的话。不管怎样，他是个经验丰富的教师。
11. [A】魔术师让我们认为他把那个女孩切成了碎片，但那只不过是个幻觉3
12. [B]那位记者发给我们的是一份内容真实的新闻报道，我们可以相信它。
13. [C]他的英雄事迹激发起年轻人的爱国主义精神=
14. 丨A ]因为无法分辨色彩，那个男孩不得不放弃成为服装设计师的理想：
15. [A]参议员每6 年选一次，他们代表的是整个州。
16. [B]高利息逐渐降低利润率:，
17. [D]那些鲁莽驾驶的人存心不顾安全，完全不理会交通规则.
18. [D]吸烟和喝酒妨碍身体对氧的吸收能力。
19. [C]版权賦予所有者复制、发行、展苋或表演该作品的专有权
20. [C]周末，总有一群男孩在广场上闲逛.:，下划线短语的意思是什么？
21. [B]法官撤回了他的意见并宣布被告无罪。
22. [A] —个有礼貌的人不会侵犯邻居的隐私，或者与其他人谈及这些私人秘密
•251 .□summit □bunch □frontier □fraction □slack □constitution
□peak □bundle □mirror □flee □annual □congress
□regarding □band □mature □captive □anniversary □veto
□boast □solitary □ac^jacent □ban □await □debt
□exaggerate □snatch □discipline □bribe □commemorate nadminister
□straightforward [grab □proposition □cargo □glory □administration
□sincere □grip □demonstrate □aboard □scale □ministry
□seemingly □nutrition □ demonstrative □cabin □detain □govern
□tempt □recipe □unanimous □unload □trial □forum
□lure □chew □flap □polar □gamble □theme
□prosecute □dental □flutter □collapse □senate □refuge
□innocent □appetite □wreck □erupt □petition □ferry
□hike □digest □anchor □soar □strip □chart
□remains □enormous □harbo(u)r □hover □ensue □personnel
□yearn □giant □chase □notify □ballot □adolescent
□strive □gigantic □pirate □loosen □jury
summit /sAmit/ career. 他正处于事业的遍峰。
【助记】sum (最高）+mit— 高点 v£ to reach the highest leve丨达到离峰 7bi/ sates
//.①the top of a mountain(山等的)最高点，峰顶 peaked just before Christmas and are now
d/mfe to 登上山顶 坑具销售额在圣诞节前夕达到最高
② a meeting or series of meetings between 峰，现已逐漸下降。
the leaders of two or more governments 最 a.最大值的 The engine is tuned to peak effi-
高级会议 Fruitful negotiations on East-West 发动机调到最高功效了。
tension can be achieved only at the sum-
regarding /riga:diry
m仏只有举行高峰会议，缓和东西方紧张关系
prep, with respect to; concerning ^ She said
的谈判才能卓有成效
nothing regarding your request.她对于你的
③ the greatest amount or highest level of
要求只字未提。
sth. 顶峰，极点 /wive mic以d a new;
swmm汉销售额已达到新的高峰。 boast /baust/
归类卡片：“山”相关词 v. ① to say (sth. about oneself) in a proud or
summit峰顶 peak山顶 cliff悬崖 self-admiring way 0如m/)夸耀，吹嘘以〇-
valley山谷 plain乎原 foothil丨山脚 bocly should boast (of) his learning.谁也不
应当夸耀自己的学识。
peak /pi ： k/ ② to have (sth. that is impressive)以拥有…
n. ①the sharply pointed top of a mountain 山 而自豪 Our school lib7.a?y boas这 quite a few
峰，山顶 mowwiain peate 积雪的 rare 6ooh.我们学校图书馆以藏有好多珍本书
山峰 而自豪c
②顶点，顶峰【同summit】 aH/犯 peaA: 〇/ n. U 欢自福 That brother of yours is full of
•252-fcooste. 你那个宝贝兄弟满口大话。 巧/.他不能抵制金钱的诱惑
②诱馆 Cheese is really a good lure for mice.
exaggerate /ig'zaed3ereit/
奶酪是很好的引诱老鼠的诱饵
【助 记 】ex(out)+ag(to〉+gerate(运 送 ）一► 超过运载
程度一> 夸张 prosecute /*prnsikju：t/
v. to think of or describe sth. as larger or 【助记】pro (forward) +secute (跟随）—跟符去法
greater than it really is 夸大，夸张 Cbmmer- 院一^起诉
cicd advertisements tend to exaggerate virtues vt ®to officially charge sb. with a crime in court
of the advertised pivducts.商生广告有夸大产 对…提起公诉，告 发 flfe prosecw仏d/or ^r-
品好处的倾向。 // / coz/Ww 7 ste印 /〇?•仇/桃 ceeding the speed limit.
days—I’m not exaggerating. A 三天没悔过觉 ②to continue doing sth.继续从事 Wf?
了—— 我可不是在说大话。 prosecute the investigation furthei\ A ^
法继续深入调查。
straightforward /.st reitfo: wad/
以••告发，起诉 77说 pottce ctedcted Zo pro從-
【助 记 】straight (直的）+forward (向 前 的 ）一► 直截厂
cw於.警方决定不予起诉,>
当的— 径直的
【派生】prosecution w• 起诉，告发；执行
a .①proceeding in a straight course; direct 径直
专四真题
的 They took a straightforward route to the
feeacfc.他们取直道去海边 When caught, all are liable to prosecution,
② honest and frank正直的，坦率的a s/rai冰/- and the decision whether to send for the
/onmrd a似 坦 率 的 回 答 police or not is in the hands of the store
③ easy to do or understand 易懂的 77犯 di- manager.
rections to the campsite are fairly straight- 译文：当他们被抓后，都可能被起诉，对于是否送
/onward. 去野营地的行路指引相当简单明了 :， 他们去警察局，决定权在商店经理手中
sincere /sinsia/ innocent Anasant/
a•真 诚的【反 insincere】S/ 祕 s/ncere and gwite a .①（〜〇/)无罪的【反 guilty】 77
w汾Zwm/ 她对人真诚，毫不矫揉造作 naUy proved innocent of murder.该男子最
【派生】sincerity /i. 真实，诚擎 终被证明未犯谋杀罪
② 没有恶意的 He was startled by their an
seemingly /si:miQii/
gry reaction to his innocent remark.他们
ad• 表面上，看上去 Seemingly there is nothing
对他那并无恶意的话如此愤怒，使他大为惊讶
caw do.看来我们帮不上忙
③ 天真的【同naive】 an innocen/ 天真的
tempt /tempt/ 孩子
v/. (Dto be attractive to 吸引 *5/祕欲w ⑹wp仏d 心 【派生】innocence /I•无罪，清白；天真
the novel advertisement.地被送新赖的广告吸
hike /haik/
幻住了。
©to try to get (sb.) to do wrong, esp. by a
n•①徒步旅行 y\fler the hike to the river the
promise of reward 引诱油认名叫
camped/or /以？ii分以.战士们行军到
如/沒如SMcfo a 任何东西都不能诱使 那条河后便支起帐篷过夜
②增加 a hike in living expenses i•活货用
我采取这样的行动。
【派生】temptation n•诱惑；有吸引力之物 高涨
vi. to walk a long distance esp. for pleasure or
lure /ijua/ exercise ^ tf He wants to hike round
以祕w;orW. 他打算徒步旅行环游世界
Middle East by the promise of high wages.
vt, to suddenly increase the cost, amount, or
他被高工资引诱去了中东。 level of (sth.)提高 Did yow 你扣你必
n• ①吸弓\力 He couldn’t resist the lure of mon-
price of the milk has been hiked? 你注意到
•253.牛奶已涨价了吗？ band /baend/
【派生】hiker /i. 徒步旅行者 队①管乐队 He plays scurophone in a little七nown
他在一个不知名的爵士乐队里吹萨
remains /rimemz/
克斯管。
. On mnairis
n ① 剩 余 ，残余
② a group of people formed because of a
of the Thanksgiving dinner.篥 上 节 洗
common belief or purpose 群， a band of
宴后的残羹剩饭。
robbers —伙强盗
remains ancienf
② 遗 迹 〇/ 及〇?116古罗马
③ 带，箍 a 〇/ ri66on /or feair 扎头
的遗迹
发的缎带
remains an aircrq
③ 遗体，残 骸 〇/ /?飞机
④ 条纹 There are orange bands around the
残骸
sna/ce’s bacfc. 这条蛇的背部有燈色条纹3
yearn /j3:n/ ⑤ 波段 Press FM 〇7, AM to select the desi?'ed
vL to feel a strong desire or wish for sth. or to 6cmd and 如r?i on radio. 按 FM 或 AM
选择所要的波段并打开收音机。
do sth.想念，思 慕 ，渴望 /fe yeamed/or* Ziome
/^er sucfc a nin vt,用带绑礼 The boy banded the dog’s neck with
他 想 家 。// 4 ; 阶 ，
2/earM/or imrm swrisfoine (? 2/6^〇切对rin级男孩把一条黄绳绑在狗脖子上。
经 过 这 漫 长 的 冬
天 ，我们渴望见到溫暖的阳光。
solitary /sDiitari/
strive /straiv/ 【助记】sol(单独的）+itary— 单独的
vL to try very hard to do or achieve sth•努力，奋 a, ©doing sth. without anyone else with you 单
斗 Modem men have to strive against vari- 独的，独自的 She enjoys long solita?w wcdks.
她喜欢独自长距离散步。
〇似iemptofio似.现代人 不 得 不 与 各 种 各 样 的
② used to emphasize that there is only one
strive /or reefer cienc2
诱 惑 作 斗 争 。// 分 ^ ? /
of sth.唯一的 ，单 个 的 A K分似
争取更高效率
burned dimly in the hall.欠斤表着一盔孤灯。
bunch /bAntj/
③ tending to live or spend time alone 独居
w•① a group of people (非正式）群，伙 Jo/m 私 的，孤独的 i/e H從d a poor and Zz/e.
the best of the bunch.约輪是这群人中的仗使者c 他过着孤苦伶仃的生活。
(Da group of things that are fastened, held, or
专四真题
growing together ^ $ A bunch of flowers is
I’ve fallen into the habits of the solitary;
never an outdated gift to a lady. 一束花是送
a my meals are snatched and random.
给 女 士 的 永 不 过 时 的 礼 物 。夕 , 〇/
译文：我陷入了习惯性的孤独中；我吃饭总是胡
分rapes —串葡萄
乱而随意。
to form a group 集中阶
/ire /or warm
; 认.我们聚在火炉周围取暖。
snatch /snaetj/
vt. to hold or tie things together in a bunch 使
v/•① to steal, esp. quickly or with a sudden
成一束 He bunched the flowers and sold
movement 夺，夺走 77災执ie/sna紀
他把花捆成束出售
6叫 cmd n m oj〇C 小偷一把夺走我的手提包便逃
bundle /bAndi/ 之天天。
n. a group of things that are fastened, tied or ② to grasp or seize hastily or suddenly — 把
wrappedt ogether 捆 ，包，束 A 切 抓住 He snatched the girl out of the icy
breaks, but the bundle of twigs is strong. w;a於r. 他一把抓住女孩，将她从冰冷的水中救了
一根筷子易折断，一捆筷子难折断。 起来。
以 to tie, wrap, or gather together 收集，把…归拔 ③ to get food or sleep quickly because you
Wie wp . 我们把每件东西 don’t have much time抓住机会做，抽空做/
都捆扎起来。 managed to snatch an hour's sleep on the
【短语】bundle up把…捆扎起来；使穿得暖和 《rain. 我在火车上抓紧时间睡了 1个小时。
•254vi.(〜cU) — 把抓住 Jessie snatched at the bag chew /tju：/
/ pitted 杰西伸手想抓包，但我 v .旭M Thi名 meat is so tough that I can hcml-
把包拉开了。 ^ cftew; i" 这块肉太硬，我几乎咬不动！ // a
w. a bit or fragment 片断阶 〇/ dog chewing on a bone正冷着一决骨头的狗
conversation from, ttie room next door.我们 【短语】chew over深思，玩味Z/祝⑽ cfe⑼；“ oi^r
断断续续地听到隔壁房间的谈话。 for a few days and I’ll let you have my
a似w;er. 让我仔细考虑几天，我再给你答复。
grab /grab/
v/l ①抓取【同 snatch】 /ra?/ 〇/ my dental /dental/
arm to stop herself falling• 凯抓住我的手臂， 【助记】dent(牙齿）+al—牙齿的
以免摔倒 a. 牙齿的 I have undergcme a major dental
②赶紧做【同snatch】 iefs flrrai a to opem^on.我经受了一次牙科大手术。
我们赶紧吃点东西吧 【派生】dentist w•牙科医生
@to take an opportunity, accept an invitation
appetite /aepitait/
etc. immediately 抓住(机会）ybi/ sfeow/d 分rad
/i.①胃口，食欲^4分ood a仍 私 a 分ood
your chance to travel while you’re young.
[谚j饥不择食。（好胃口是好的调味汁。）
你应该趁年轻的时候抓住机会旅行
这)欲望 She has an amazing appetite for
vi•(〜at)抓 I 住）She g7，abbed at the money.她一
knowledge.地有很强的束知欲
把抓住钱3
n 抓，夺 mate a ， a n)；尼抓住純索 digest /daid3est/ vt. /daidjest/ n.
v. (J)消化 Some foods digest more easily than
grip /grip/
0说ers. 有 些 食 物 比 其 他 食 物 更 容 易 消 化 。//
w.①紧握，抓 牢 //wrriec%,心如ofc仍如 ow a
Most babies can digest a wide range of
rope.慌>忙之中，他抓紧一根绳子。
/ood eos构/.大多數婴儿能容易地消化多种食物。
②掌握，控制/wrw porter m owe》gr/p大
②to think over so as to understand 吸收必-
权在握
gest. sb.’s ideas领会茱人的现A
v•①to hold sth. very tightly 握紧 77^ does
ft information or a piece of writing that has been
nof 分rip proper/^/.刹车不灵 // l gripped
made shorter 文摘 供对 is a
the handrail tightly and tried not to look
popular magazine in the United States. 《读
dowm.我紧紧抓住扶手，尽量不往下看.
者文摘》是美国的一本颇流行的杂志。
(Dto get and hold the interest or attention of
【派生】digestible a• 易消化的// digestive a•助消
(sb.)吸引住…的 注 意 力 / 切似57力 6^
化的//digestion /!• 消化；领悟
the tragic stories of his chUdhood•他童年时
的悲惨故事引起了我的注意 enormous /inoimas/
【短语】come/get to grips (认真）对付（或处理） 【助记】e(out)+norm(标准）+ ous—♦超出标准的一► 巨
大的
nutrition /njui'tnjan/
a. extremely large in size or amount 巨大的
【助记】nutri (养育)+tion—►能滋养身体的物质—背养
enormous storm system has been created
/I.营养【反 malnutrition】A diWpro-
Canada. 巨大的风暴系统已经在加拿大形成了。
vides nutrition for your body.均衡的饮食使
【辨析】表示“巨大”的形容词
你的身体获得营养。
enormous:表示程度为极端的、异常的、过度的，
【派生】nutritious a•有营养的，滋养的
具有反常的内涵
recipe /'resipi/ huge:通常指体积和容量等方面极大的、超越一
w.①烹任法a recipe/or tomato sowp番茄汤的 定标准的
做法 immense:有大到不能计算的意味
夹 Wiat’s youv vecipe for a happy mar- vast:通常指范围，如广阔的海洋、旷野、世界、距
你认为幸福婚姻有什么秘方？
•255-giant A^aient/ 专四真题
/z. 巨人；才智超群的人Sfta/cespmre a Wan尤 You will find the occasional sharpie who
amowg 莎士比亚是作家中的大文豪
watches for the amber to come up on the
a. extremely big, and much bigger than other
adjacent set of lights.
things of the same type a giant pho- 译文：你会发现偶尔有某个机灵的司机会留心红
吣.gmp/i巨幅照片
绿灯间的黄灯信号。
gigantic /d3ai'gaentik/
discipline /disipiin/
a. extremely big 巨 大 的 穴女iw" /?匆化 /知
n.①纪律 The soldiers showed perfect discipline
new airplane looked like a gigantic bird. 因
wncter/im在炮火下，士兵们纪律严明
为飞得很高，这架新飞机看起来像一只巨大的鸟
© 训练strict 严格的训练
frontier /frAntia/ ③ 惩罚 He needs a. little discipline.他需略加
惩罚。
【助记】front (前方）+ier~> “边境”是领土的fii前方
" • ①边境a /nmfier /〇而?边陲小慎 ④ 学科compwte〇7义discip/iwes必修学科
vt. ®to teach sb. to obey rules and control their
② 丨 |边远地 区 MWer’s wove/ is about a
behavior 训练 to
family’s struggle on the American frontier.
怀尔德的小说是关于一个家庭在美国边禮的奋 their children.父母得管教孩子
②to punish sb. in order to keep order and
斗历程。
③ 丨常/?/.j前沿，新 领 域 幻 仪 吵 er to control 惩罚 He was disciplined for arriving
the frontiers of knowledge•他渴望探索新的
to化.他因迟到而受罚3
【派生】disciplinary a.执行纪律的；有关学科的
知识领域
proposition /.propazijan/
mirror /mira/
【助记】pro( before) +posit(放）+ion—放在代表们面
n.镜 The best 7nirro?* is an old friend.老肋友
前的“提议”
是最好的镜子
"•①a statement that expresses a judgment or
v/. to reflect 反映 77祕?>•句/es mirrored
Z/iow分ft以他们的眼神反映出他们内心的思想 opinion The students discussed the propo-
sition that man is basicaUy good.等么们讨
mature /ma'tjua/ 论了这么一个论点，即人性本善。
a.①成熟的 The human brain isn’t fully ma- ② an offer or suggestion建议，提议 maAe a
如re atowY <25.直到25岁，人的大 proposi^on fo sfe. 向某人提出建议
脑才发育完全 // This is the most mature @a statement to be proved, explained, or dis-
〇/ Ziis 这是他最成熟的一部剧作 cussed命题a/a私eproposirton —个假命题
② 成年人的a man o/ma,加作years —位中
demonstrate /demenstreit/
年男子
【助记】de (fully) +monstrate (表示）一►清楚地表示一>
③深 思熟虑的Ow m扮wre / 如⑽
decided to change my major to sociology. 说明
v/. (Dto show or prove sth. dearly 论证 7/ow； rfo
经过深思熟虑，我决定改修社会学
④ 到期的a mafwre feowd到期的债券 you demonstrate that the earth is round?
你怎样证明地球是圆的？
v/.变成熟 Our judgment matitres as we grow
(Dto show or describe how to do sth. or how
oMer.我们的判断力随着年龄增长而变得成熟，
【派生】immature a• 不成熟的，不够老练的；发育未 sth. works 说明 Please demonstrate how to
use this microwave cooker•请示范说明一 T
完全的
如何使用这个微波炉。
adjacent /a'd3eisant/ ③ to show that you have a particular ability,
a. close or near(^o)$PifiM Guangdong Ptvvince quality, or feeling M demonstrate a will-
is adjacent to Humrn Province, r 东省与湖南 ingness to coopemte !示出合作的意愿
省交界。
•256.v i.举行示威游行 demonstrate against tax hikes searching for the wreck of the plane.故後人^
示成反对税收上涨 正在搜寻失事飞机的残骸
【派生】demonstration /i• 论证；示威游行 ②精神或身体已玲的人//Is imete w;as a com-
pte/必 weefc q/ter / 以 他 叔 叔 病 后 身 体
demonstrative /di'monstrativ/
完全垮了。
a ① 易 流 露 感 情 的 Some are more
【派生】shipwreck /!• 船 难 v•使船遭难
《/wm 〇执仿方.有些小孩比其他
的小孩更易情绪外露 anchor /'aeQka/
②指示的a 尼pronoww指示代词 w•① 锚 77⑷ sfeip n;a,s a/ cmc/ior•船抛锚了
unanimous /jui'naenimas/ ②给人安全感之物（或人）L6«ers/rom
a. 全体一致的 People were unanimous in sup- were an anchor to him when he worked
port of the peace effort. 人们一致支持为和平 abroad他在国外工作时，家书是他的精神支柱
所做的努力。 v .①抛(银、 The ship was anchored ojf the shore.
般在海漭处 M 了猫 // anchor in the harbor
flap /flaep/
在港湾泊船
w.①片状垂悬物⑽ JZap 抓從/外祀信封口 ② 面定 Make sui'e the table is securdy an-
盖 / / 夕耶帐篷的门帘
c/iored.务必要把桌子固定好
② 飘动如? JZap 〇/ saite船帆的拍动声
③ 担任主持人 She anchored the evening
③U S乱状态价扨义^ 从 似 5肌°0认- /or sia: .她主持了 6年晚间新闻报道
冰你价它ims助 ytop. — 切都很顺利，没有出 【派生】anchorage w. 抛锚地 // anchorman /!•电
现慌乱现象。
(视）台新闻节目主持人
®lo move quickly up and down or from side to
V.
side* often making a noise 飘动 77祕 sai/yZappec/
in the wind.帆彺队中紙动 " A gust oj He was anchored a few miles off Key
仏wte. —阵风吹动帐篷 Largo when, he said later, 441 saw the flash
② 振翅 The bird flapped (its wings)and flew and heard the report of seven or eight
guns.”
鸟儿振翅飞去。
译文：他在离拉哥珊瑚礁几英里外抛锚停船，正
flutter /fiAta/
在那时，他后来说到，“我看到一道闪光，听到七
W, ①拍翅而飞【同 flap】 Lisparrows
•八声枪响。”
among the branckes.小麻展在枝条间飞来飞去
⑩o make small gentle movements in the air 飘 harbo(u)r /ha：b9/
动 The flag Jluttered in the light breeze•旅 w. 海港，避风港欠 in "说 /iar6or 祕?7/ euen-
帜在微风中飘动 加a//^/ ro/, cm/.不离开港湾的船最终会腐烂的
③ to move or behave in a nervous and excited v/. 0 to protect and hide criminals that the police
way 快速跳动 My heart fluttered with fear. are searching for 庇护 //arfeoriw^f cn*m/wo/，s
我害怕得心怦怦跳。 is an offense in law.駕藏罪犯是犯法的
/!.紧 张 汰 in a 使某人忐忑不安 ②心怀 l 怨恨等） f think he’s harboring some
sort of gtudge against me•我想他心 % 疚
wreck /rek/
着对我的莫名的怨恨
vA ①破坏【同 ruin】 It was drink that wrecked
执eir war/'iage.祕酒毀了他们的婚姻// 77犯 chase /tjeis/
car was completely wrecked in the accident. vt. ① to quickly follow sb. or sth. in order to
车在事故中完全毀坏了。 catch them 追捕 77於 dc^ 说rf a caZ and
②to destroy (a ship) by crashing it into sth. chased it up a nearby tree•徇复现了 一？、
造成…失事 The ship was wrecked ojf the 猫，把它追赶到附近的一棵树上。
co〇67 〇/ America. 那艘船在美国沿岸失事 ②to try very hard to get (sb. or sth.)追求
//• ① （失事汽车、飞机等的）残骸7?祕rescuers are The team are chasing their first home win
•257-认红season.球队在追求本赛季首次主场胜利。 機的士兵 // Lying in my hospital bed， I
n .追捕，追求 The exhausted hunter finally gave ivas a captive audience to these uninterest-
猎手筋疲力尽，最后放弃了追捕3 in众oW stories.躺在医院里的病床上，我只好
听那些乏味的旧故事。
pirate /paiaret/
俘虏 w;as taken captive on the border.
tu ①非法盗印者 Z /aw; ims passed 吣
他在边境被俘。
popp ira仏s.通过了一项法规，旨在打击
流行音乐翻录者 ban /baen/
②海盗 Pirates of the Caribbean was quite a hit vt. to say that sth. must not be done, seen,
in ?i;orW• 电影《加勒比海盗》曾在全球轰动 used etc•(〜//而〇禁止；取缔【同卩「〇(1丨1^ 】/)私-
一时〇 tribution of pornography is banned. 禁止销
v/. to illegally copy (sth.) without permission 盗 售淫移出版物。// /fe banned /rom drir-
用，非法盗印Wfe祕 似 ca//执e 々〇• ingf/or a ^ar.他被禁止驾车一年。
lice once we find our CDs being pirated. n.禁令 announce/dedare a ban on 宣布对…的
一旦发现我们的唱片被盗版，我们会立即报警。 禁令
fraction /fraekjan/ bribe /braib/
【助记】fract(碎裂）+ion-^碎的部分—小部分 vt. try to get sb. to do sth. by giving or promising
n. ①小部分4 mere fraction of available wind sth. valuable (such as money)贿赂 77祕以
ener仍/ ^ cwrrew构/ w极teed. 目前只利用了可 offender bribed the policeman to let him
用风能的一小部分。 分o.交通肇事者贿赂警察，让警察放他走。
②分数a decima/ /mc^ion小数 /I.贿 赂 沾 a 6ri6e受贿，行贿
【派生】fractional仏分数的；部分的；微小足道的 【派生】bribery • 行贿，行贿的财物
— ~ — - — — - — — — — - — — -
【归类卡片】数学中的各种“数”
cargo /'kaigau/
小数 decimal(如：0.2) 指 数 index(如：2)
【助记】car(汽车）+go(走)— 汽车载走的东西—货物
分数 fraction(如：2/3)
n.货物 The port handles cargo from aU over
百分数 percentage(如：2%)
■Europe.这个港口处理从欧洲各地运来的货物。
函数 function (如：f(x.))
aboard /a'boid/
flee /fiiv 【助记】a(在…之上）+board(甲板)—在船上
【助记】发音：“飞离”―逃走 /^/7./以• 在（船、飞机、车）上，上（船、飞机、车）
vf. to run away from danger 逃走 They were all aboard the ship last night 昨
from the building when the fire alarm 天夜里他们都在船上〇/ We no£如如com-
5〇wncted.火警响起来时，所有人逃离了那幢建 afeocrrd我们切不可带易燃物上车。
筑物。
cabin /kaebm/
以 to run away from (a place)避开 似
/i.①小木屋a 如众caftin小木屋
forced to Jlee the besieged city•忌民被迫逸
离这座被围困的城市。 ® 机舱 I flew to Paris in the First Class
cabin.我乘头等舱飞去了巴黎。
【一言辨异】flee， escape
The enemy soldiei's wet'e fleeing in all di unload /An'Iaud/
rections, but none of them could escape.敌 【助记】un(not)+load(装货)一►卸货
兵四下逃窜，但无人成功逃脱 v/•① to remove sth. (such as cargo) from a
^---------------------------------------^
truck，ship，etc•卸（货）zm/ood carsro/rom a
captive /kaeptiv/
sfoip从船上卸下货物
【助记】cap(take)+tive—^ 捕获的
②il出（枪的）子 弹 沒 ⑽ 卿 soldier ims be-
a. kept in prison or in a place that you are not
in分drained to從rz/oarf a 仍/n. 那个年轻的士
allowed to leave 被捕获的 cap奶;e so/rfiers 被
兵正在受训退子弹。
•258-vi•卸货 The ship is unloading at the dock ② to rise quickly upward to a great height 高
n o m 船此时正在码头卸货 飞，升腾 The space shuttle soared into orbit.
航天飞机直冲而上，进入了轨道。
polar /pauia/
③ (情绪、期望等）高 涨 Arfam’s smite sm/
a .①地极的；磁极的As 欲 wp,
spirits soaring. 亚当的微笑使她的神采飞扬
the polar ice-caps will begin to melt. 随着
④ 高耸，攸立 The mountain soars to heaven
气候变暖，两极的冰冠将开始融化。
a// riva/s. 此山高耸于群山之上
②completely different or opposite 正好相反的
polar personalities 相 的个也 // They are hover h _
，
〇/ poter opinio似. 他们的意见戴然相反， v i.①親翔，盘旋 Some biixis hover when they
look for animals to kill on the ground.有
Collapse /ka'laeps/
些鸟在寻杀地上的动物时，会在空中盘旋。
【助记】col(共同）+lapse(滑倒)一►倒塌
②徘徊，彷徨，犹豫山/办 执 in /以
W•①to break apart and fall down suddenly 倒塌
朱迪丝在门口徘徊。
Numerous houses collapsed in the Wenchuan
Earthquake in 2008. 2QQ8 年，元教的备支 notify /"neutifai/
川地震中倒塌。
【助记】not(标记)+ify(使)-+使他人知道的标记一^通知
②to break down completely (系统，观点或组
wl to formally or officially tell sb. about sth•通知
织）突然失败，崩溃，垮 掉 77犯 cof-
We'll notify you of our decision within
lapsed through laek of support, ik1}、後，企
我们会在这几天通知你结果
业崩溃了。
【用法】 丨sb. of sth.
n .倒塌；崩溃 the collapse of the building 建J l
notify+ ^sb. that...
物的倒塌 // the collapse of a negoticUion 谈
'sb. to do sth.
判失败
loosen /luisan/
专四真题
v . ① （使）松开，解开toosen a /aW fcnof解开死
The Guerrero, however, struck with such
结 // You should loosen up (your muscles)
force that its masts snapped and collapsed,
before and after doing physical exercises.
and the massive poles plunged into the
运动前后，应该放松一下（肌肉）。
hold where the Africans were imprisoned.
②to make laws, rules etc. less strict 放宽（限
译文：然而，格雷罗号受到强烈冲击，橈杆折断
制） It was time to loosen economic con-
倒塌了，巨大的柱子扎进了非洲人被困的货舱里
该是放宽经济限制的时候了。
【派生】 looser• 松的；不精确的；自由的
erupt /i>Apt/
【助记】e(out)+rupt(断裂)—断裂而出—爆发 Slack /slaek/
vL ®to send out rocks, ash, lava, etc., in a sud a•①马虎的 Those who are slack in their work
den explosion The volcano in a Philip will never have a chance to be successful.
pine island erupted after years of dorman^ 干活马虎的人永远都不会成功。
C2/.菲律宾一个岛屿上的火山在沉睡多年后突然喷发了。 ② 萧条的，清 淡 的 stedc season
©to happen or begin suddenly and violently a《mosf/w)㈣5.对大多数旅馆来说> 冬天是淡季c
慑发 Violence erupted outside the embassy ③ 松（?也）的 //e a /ra; sfcrc/c scmi;s.
仍ites.大使馆门外突然发生了暴乱。 他旋紧了几只松动的螺丝。
【派生】eruption /!.喷发；爆发 /i.①松她部分Z/eaw a H 处 stadc iw Zme.
线不要拉得太紧。
soar /so：/
©[/?/.】宽松裤a pair 〇/ s/acfcs — 条宽松#
【助记】发音：“烧”―发烧了，体温猛升—猛增
vi. to make less effort than usual, or to be lazy
W•① to increase very quickly in amount or
in your work 懈怠 DcmY stew/c in 2/owr
price 猛增 77ie temperature soared to 35V\
对wdi從. 不要荒废学业。
气温骤升到35t：。
•259-annual /'aenjual/ son to sth. else规模，程度，范 围 阶
【助记】ann(年)+ual— 每年的 underestimated the scale of the pollution
a.每年的 What’s your ejected annual income? profttem.我们低估了污染问题的程度
你所期望的年收入是多少？ © a range of levels of sth. from lowest to
n .①年报 The college annual i名 very popular highest 等级，级别 Wfeen? do come
amo叩 s加dewte.这本大学年刊在学生中很流行。 on the company’s pay scale? 秘年在公司的
②一年生的植物 Cbm cmd are aimw- 薪酬级别表上属于哪一级？
a/s. 玉米和豆类都是一年生植物 ③ IpL]天平 a set of kitchen scales —台騎用
磅秤
anniversary /,aeniV3：sari/
④ 比例(尺 1 77⑷ map is drawer? m a //ioiisand
【助记】anni(年〉+vers(转）+ary—► 每年轮转到的日
to 〇狀scate.这张地图是按照1000:1 的比例
子—周年纪念日
画的。
n .周年纪念 I B 1 Today marks the lOtk an
⑤ 刻度;鱗a ni/er wri认 a m扮ric scafc公尺，
niversary of their marriage. 今欠 A 他奶 结婚
紙良 fL // scales of fish 氈峰
10周年纪念
vt, 華登 Rescuers had to scale the cliff to res-
ewe《知 ir^m/ dimmer. 救援人员要登上悬崖
await /aweit/
才能救受伤的登山者
【助记】a(加强语气)+wait(等待)—等候
【短语】scale down缩减// on a... scale在…规模
vr•① to wait for sb. or sth. 等候 4/如•执€ tow分
上 He entertained his friends on a large
vacation, busy days await u s.长假之后忙碌
sca/e. 他大规模宴请亲朋好友
的曰子等着我们呢。
②to be going to happen to sb• 将降临到… detain /ditem/
身上Dea认 a//.死神会降临到我们
【助记】de(away)+tain(保持)一>保持隔离一►拘留
所有人的头上，
v/•① to officially prevent sb. from leaving a
place 拘留 77祕 poZice drained /加 maw to
commemorate /ke'memareit/
mate允 警 方 拘 留 了 那 个 人 ，
【助记】com(共同）+memor(记住）+ate(做)一►纪念
以便进一步查问。
to do sth. to show that you remember and
V/.
②to stop sb. from leaving as soon as they
respect sb. important or an important event
expected留住，耽 摘 狀 d 加⑻狀沾
in the past 纪念，庆祝 Cfor/Wmascowmemo-
因公滞留
m 化s 侦. 圣诞节是为了纪念耶蘇的M 辰
trial /traial/
w . ①审判cm fr^a/在受审讯中
② 试用，试验 Kow m w pw/ /to ear
safety trials before you decide to buy it .在
决定买这部车之前你可以对车进行安全性能试验
③ 讨厌的人(或事物） TTuit child of his is a ff7，eat
/z.①great honor, praise 光荣 acTiieye- 《ria/.他那个孩子真叫人受不了
ment may bring greater glcn^y than fight- 【短语】by trial and error反复试验，不断摸索
h议.科学成就可能会比战争带来更大荣耀 You’ll find out by trial and error which
之 a beautiful and impressive appearance 壮 你通过反复试验就会发现
丽 I was fascinated by the glory of the 哪些花长得最好
落日的壮观景象把我吸引住了
gamble /gsembi/
【派生】glorify v• 赞美；使增光// glorious a•光荣
【助记】gam(e)(游戏)+ble— “赌IT’从游戏发展IAj来
的；辉煌的；令人愉快的
v•① （〜on)赌博，赌 77idr re吻ion /or6 ids
scale /skeil/ to drink or gamble.他们的牧规禁止饮酒和赌
n. 1 the size or level of sth. esp. in compari 博 // gamble on the horses 赌马
•260-②to risk losing (sth. valuable or important) ensue /in.sju:/
in order to do or achieve sth.(〜0/1, 冒险 【助记】en(to)+sue(跟随）— 跟随而来—接着发生
Peter gambled everything on his new play v/. to happen after or as ar esulto f sth.接着发
a 认彼得孤注一掷希望他的新戏会引 生 ⑼ 占 伙 /n>m如 se 似？这
起轰动。 样的行动会产生什么结果呢？
//.① 赌 博 o n ⑽ 分 ctmfete贪睹
②投机，冒险 / 如oA： a ccf/cw/ato/ 分amftk and ballot /.baelat/
n•①投票表决 The US general election ballot is
以paid 〇政我进行了一次精心计划的冒险投
机，结果成功了。 held in November every 4 years.炎風 k &
【短 语 】take a gamble锊 风 险 // gamble away赌 每四年一次，于1 1 月举行。
掉、输 it Brian gambled away his inkeri- ®选票；投票总数 They are counting the bed-
tonce. 布箱恩把遗产全都输光 tote worn他们正在计算选票
【派生】gambler w•赌 徒 v .(使)投票表决 The union is preparing to bal
lot its members on further actiorL 工 会正准
senate /semt/
备举行投票了解其成员对下一步行动的意见//
rt.参议院，上院 The Senate is expected to pass
ballot for a decision投票赞反一项決定
“ ne对参议院将于下周对此进行表决
【派生】senator «•参议员 jury /*d3U0ri/
；i.陪审团；评 判 委员会
petition /pi'tij an/
The jury found the
【助记】pet(寻求）+ition— 寻求（帮助)一*•请愿书
prisoner 陪审 m
/!• 请愿书，诉 状 77⑹/ si仍祕^ a in swp-
团裁定犯人有罪。
port of the workers’ demands.他们在请毘年 m
上签名，支持工人的请求。 constitution /.konsti'tjuijan/
V. to ask (a person, group, or organization) for sth. •①宪法The powers of the President are de
n
in a formal way (向…）请愿 fined in the constitution. 总统的权力 在完法
tioned the local authority to provide better 中有明确规定。
办似services. 村民请求地方当局提供更好的公 ② 体质 The old man still has a strong con-
共汽车服务。// /tesidenfe are pe似icmiw分 这位老人的体格仍然强壮。
against the new road.居民们正在请愿，反对 ③ 组成，成立 the constitution of an advisory
修建这条新路。 咨询小组的设立
【派生】constitutional•体质上的;构成的;符合宪法的
【归类卡片】"请求"种种
request请求 petition请愿 appea丨恳求
Congress /'korjgres/
plead恳请 beg乞求
【助记】con( — 起）+gress(行走）— 走到一起开会—
代表大会
strip /strip/
n. ® 代表太会 The National People’s Congress
vi.脱光衣服 Jack stripped off and jumped into
is regularly held in Beijing.全 人民代t 欠
⑽ s/i〇w;er.杰克脱掉衣服，跳进淋浴间。
会定期在北京举行。
vt (Dto remove an outer covering or surface from
②画会，议会 Cong?，ess approved the budget.
sth.剩去 He stripped the paper off the wall.
国会批准了这项预算。
他把纸从墙上撕掉。
【派生】congressman /!• 肌国会议员
(Dto take away sth. important from sb. as a
punishment (e.g. title, property) He was veto /vi:tau/
disgraced and stripped of his title.他名誉
vt. to reject (a proposed law) officially; refuse to
扫地，被取消了头衔。
accept a particular plan or suggestion 否决
w.条，带状物a sMp 〇/分ardew —块狭长的园子
veto a bill 否決:一项议葉 // My father vetoed
// a strip o/papw —张纸条
p/cm.我的父亲不同意我的计划。
•261w.否决 The President exercised his veto against forum /fo:ram/
the Congi'essional biU , 总 统 对 笛 会 的 法 案 行 【助记1 for+u(看作you〉+m(看作me)—► 供你我发
使了否决权。
表意见的地方一> 论坛
/I•论坛，讨 论 会 77论 ⑹ ters pa供 〇/ 执私於⑽沒-
debt /det/
paper is a forum for public argument 这份
w• 欠款，负债OiU 〇/ 办6/, oW o/dan众er.[谅]无
报纸的读者来信栏是公众意见的论坛
债一身轻。
【短语】in sb.’s debt欠某人的人情// in debt欠 theme /0i：m/
偾，负债 w.主题，题 目 /心 执 erne 〇/ 执^
【派生】 debtor «•侦务人
这部电影的主题是什么？
administer /admimsta/
refuge /Vefju：d3/
【助记】ad(to)+minister(部校)一►当部长一► 常管
【助记】re(back)+fuge(逃走)一》•逃回安全地一>庇护
v/•①to manage the operation or the use of 掌管
rt.庇中所，庇护 They took refuge in the em-
It takes brains to administer a large
他们在大使馆避难。
coTpomrtcm.管理大公司要有头脑
【派生】refugee n• 避难者，难民
②to put (sth.) into effect 实施 77祕 ccmrte ad-
minister the law . - ferry /fen/
法 院 执 行 法 律
(Dto give (a drug, medicine, or treatment) to sb. 【助记】fer(搬运）+iy->搬运到对岸—渡运
给予 The doctor administered some medicines /!.渡船 A ferry crosses the river every hour.
fais 医生给他的病人开了 一些药:， 渡船每小时过河一次
vt. i度运 Two smaU boats ferry people bac/c cmd
administration /9d.ministreijan/
/〇?伙. 两只小船往近为人探渡。
n•①管理 The administration of a big business
【派生】ferryboat /!•渡船
requires skill in dealing with people.管理
一个大企业需要与人相处的技巧。 chart /tj〇：t/
②t 亍 政 机 关 奥巴马政府
n•① S 表 Can you ?，ead the weather cha?"你
③S i行 adm办 司 法 ，执法
能看懂气象图吗？
【派生】 administrative a• 管理的；政府的；执行的//
②航图，海图a 用分如cftarZ航空地图
administrator/I.管理者；行政人员
vt•用 S 表表示 Cook charted the coast of New
細 /am/.库克绘制了新西兰的海岸图
ministry /mimstn/
n•① I 政府的）部 The scheme was approved by personnel /,p3：s8'nei/
the Ministry of HeaUh.
方案获得了卫生部的批准。 "•①(总称)人员 persormd a代助《cr/tow;ed
②牧师 Converted in his early teens， he en
to t e a w b a s e . 军事人员不得离开基地：
tered the minis t?^y in 1855. 他十三四 岁开始
② 人 事 部 门 人事郎门
信教，1855年成为牧师
adolescent /.aeda'lesant/
govern /gAvan/
n. 责少年 It is reported that over 40% of the
v• ①统治【同 rule】 /n Grea/
adolescents are smokers in China.据抵道，
rei分 似 does woZ 在英国，君主当朝但
中国有超过40% 的青少年吸烟
不执政//分ouem a cozm的/统治国家
a. 青春期的m the adolescent period 在青春M
②支配，影 响 is likely to be governed by
the opinions of otheu他容馬受钒人的意见左右。
【派生】 governor w• 统治者；地方长官
专四真题
The ancient astrologers believed that the
universe was governed by seven planets.
译文：古代占星家认为宇宙由7 颗行星主宰。
•262.典型考题精练
1. Mr. Smith says: "The media are very good at sensing a mood and then _______ it.”
A. boasting B. enlarging C. widening D. exaggerating
2. Although he was on a diet, the delicious food _______ him enormously.
A. distracted B. stimulated C. inspired D. tempted
3. Why should anyone want to read _______ of books by great authors when the real pleasure comes
from reading the originals?
A. themes B. insights C. digests D. fractions
4. The _______ at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.
A. convention B. trial C. principle D. discipline
5. The wings of the bird still flapped after it had been shot down The underlined word
means _______•
A. hovered B. strived C. fluttered D. fluctuated
6. Grain production in the world is _______, but still millions go hungry.
A. staggering B. shrinking C. soaring D. suspending
7. The little girl was so frightened that she just wouldn’t _______ her grip on my arm.
A. loosen B. remove C. relieve D. dismiss
8. A(n) _______ official is one who is irresponsible in his work.
A. timid B. sincere C. innocent D. slack
9. Floods cause billions of dollars worth of property damage _______.
A. relatively B. actually C. annually D. comparatively
10. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams died on July 4, 1826, the fiftieth _ of American
Independence.
A. ceremony B. occasion C. occurrence D. anniversary
11. To _______ important dates in history, countries create special holidays.
A. commend B. memorize C. celebrate D. commemorate
12. Should the increase in the birthrate continue, the worlds population will________ by the year
2050.
A. peak B. boost C. ensue D. hike
13. Does sunlight have to fall on grape _______ for them to ripen?
A. bunches B. clusters C. bundles D. heaps
14. Photographs taken by roadside cameras will soon be enough to drivers for speeding.
A. detain B. prosecute C. chase D. accuse
15. I was by the detective story from start to finish and forgot to eat dinner.
A. grabbed B. lured C. gripped D. snatched
16. According to a health study, exercise and are essential to fitness and health.
A. appetite B. nutrition C. recipe D. calory
17. Drugs are approved only after tests have _______ that they are relatively safe when used as
directed and when their benefits outweigh their risks.
A. illustrated B. mirrored C. secured D. demonstrated
18. Time is regularly set aside at the highest levels to _______ over how to increase the market share
of its product.
A. chew B. taste C. get D. carry
19. A serious ii\jury nearly ruined his sporting career. Which of the following can replace the
•263.underlined word?
A. collapsed B. wrecked C. spoiled D. stripped
20. In dealing with a challenge on such a large _______, it is no exaggeration to say, “United we
stand, divided we fall".
A. extent B. range C. scale D. scope
21. To maintain accurate student records, schools should be of any changes to your name,
address, telephone number or email address.
A. instructed B. notified C. advised D. announced
22. Laws should be strictly carried out to piracy from spreading.
A. veto B. forbid C. govern D. ban
% 答案与译文
1. [D]史密斯先生说：“媒体很善于感受某种气氛，然后将之过分渲染。”
2. [D】尽管他在节食，但是美食对他仍有极大的诱惑力。
3. [C]真正的乐趣来自阅读原著，可为什么有人想读那些伟大作家作品的缩写本呢？
4. [D]该军校的纪律极其严明，学生几乎难以忍受„
5. [C]鸟被击落后，翅膀仍在扇动
6. [C]虽然世界谷物产量正在快速增长，但仍有数百万人在挨俄。
7. [A]这个小女孩吓坏了，怎么也不肯松开我的胳膊.，
8. [D] —个疏于职守的官员是在工作中不负责任的官员。
9. [C】洪水每年造成了价值几十亿美元的财产损失。
10. [D】托马斯■杰斐逊和约翰.亚当斯逝世于1826年7 月4 日，时值美国独立五十周年纪念。
11. [D]为纪念历史上一些重要的日子，各国设立了一些特别的节假日,3
12. [A]若出生率继续增长，世界人口到2050年将达到高峰。
13. [A]葡萄串成熟需要阳光的照射吗？
14. 丨B]路边摄像机所拍到的照片不久将足以用来起诉超速的司机.
15. [C】这个侦探故事从头至尾扣人心弦，我连晚饭都忘记吃了。
16. [B]根据一项健康研究，锻炼和营养是健康必不可少的因素。
17. [D丨只有经过验证在指导下使用相对安全并且利大于弊时，药物才能得到批准。
18. [A丨高层定时讨论如何增加其产品的市场份额/
19. [B】一次重伤差点葬送他的运动生涯。
20. [C]在应对如此大规模的挑战时，可以毫不夸张地说，“联合，我们就生存；分裂，我们就灭亡。”
21. [B]为确保学生相关记录的准确性，学校应被告知学生姓名、地址、电话号码及邮箱地址变更的信息，
22. [D]应严格执法禁止盗版现象的泛滥...
. 264.■ m m明
单词预习+返记
□poll □sociology □domestic □episode □humanity □treatment
□policy □futile □sphere □statue □humanitarian □feedback
□cheat □discard □hemisphere □portray □charity □forge
□betray □rigid □tropical □profile □hollow □dispute
□enable □stiff □via □elaborate □monetary □permission
□divert □function □conduct □depict □fund □staff
□diversion □layout □structure □jot □pension □stadium
□essence □belief □catalog(ue) □sketch □coalition □gaze
□fragrant □evil □index □sculpture □sanction □superb
□perfume □awe □screen □attraction □impeach □laundry
□flourish □logical □shield □adore □undermine □chore
□bloom □rational □flexible □worship □underneath □provoke
□blossom □deduce □duplicate □repetition □conclude □curiosity
□cereal □deduct □treble □infer □conclusion □doom
□surplus □subtract □span □inference □ending □destiny
□dump □moderate □miracle □humane □veil □destination
poll /paul/ vi to behave in a dishonest way in order to win
/!.①民意测验carry owi/condwcf a poW进行民 or to get an advantage, esp. in a game, compe-
意调查 tition or examination 行骗，作弊 尤 ow/in
②l常 pl ]政治选举 win a v切t〇H/ at the polls an exam 考试作弊 // Jack always cheats at
在选举中获胜 cards.杰克打牌时总是作弊。
v/.①to question in a survey对…进行民意测验 /!.欺骗；骗子77紹 祕 众 ims a 这件
16% of the women we polled said their 事完全是骗局。
--------^
husbands had a drinking problem. 16% 的受 【一言辨异】cheat，deceive
访妇女说她们的丈夫酗酒 George cheated in the exam, but the teacher
‘②to get a particular number of votes in an no/ 乔治在考试中作弊，可没有
election 获得（…张选票） po/toi 骗过老师3
^----------------------------------------------------- -----------i
4% of the vote.工免仅获得4%的选票。
betray /bi'trei/
policy /pdIisi/
vt, ® 智叛 No conscientious man would betray
n.①政策 policy maker 決策者 // Honesty is
his count?、•没有一个有良知的人会背板他的
the best policy.说实不敗为上策
祖国。
②保脸单 Check the terms of the policy be-
② 矢信千 She betrayed her JHends by break-
/ores iw. 仔细阅读保险单的条款后再
如分/ier promises.她不遵守自己的诺言，因而
签字。
失信于她的朋友。
cheat /tjit/ ③ 游霖 The officer betrayed the secret to his
：
那位军官向朋友泄露了秘密。
vt. to tricko r deceive sb. who trusts you 欺骗，
④ （非故意地）暴 露 77⑷ frewior in Ms ro/oe
編取 The salesman cheated me i _ buying
a/afce. 那个推销员腩我买了假货
6扣 你 s. 他颤抖的声音暴露
•265出他很紧张。 过清凉、散发着香气的树林，感到心旷神怡。
②令人愉快的/rafemf memories甜美的回忆
enable /ineibi/
【派生】fragrance /!• 芳香；香水
【助记】en(使)+abIe(能够…的)—使能够
vt•使能够 MSN enables people to make online perfume /.p3:fju:m/
cftate 料idcer and easier. MSN 使人们能更方 n .香水，香气 “Chanel NO. 5” is a very expen
便快捷地在网上聊天e sive French perfume. “ 香奈)L 5 号 ” A 非常昂
贵的法国香水。
divert /daiv3:t/
vA①使充满芳香 The roses perfumed the air.
【助记】di(away)+vert(转)一►转向
玫瑰花芳香四溢。
v△①to change the direction or use of (sth.)使
②洒香水千 He perfumed himself with £au
转向 The policeman was diverting the traf-
cte CoZoflfne.他身上洒了古龙水。
/ic.警察在指挥车辆绝道行驶。// 77论cowpcmy
【用法 】在身上擦香水，要 用 wear,如:She is wearing
should divert more resources into research.
perfume today.(她今天擦了香水。）
公司应该把更多的财力转投在研究上面。
② to take (attention) away from sb. or sth.转移 flourish /fiAri//
A loud noise diverted my attention. 一阵喧 vi to develop well and be successful 茂盛，兴旺
闹声转移了我的注意力。 Rock and roll flourished in the 1950s in
③ to entertain (sb.)使娱乐 7?^ are 呢对. 在西方20世纪50年代，摇滚乐盛极
diverted by the clown.小丑把孩子们追 fh 了。 一时。
vt. to hold up and show (sth.) in an excited or
diversion /dai'v3：jan/
proud 挥动 The students flourished flags
tt 移，转问 Some students marred thei?，writ
on ccwipw名. 学生们在校园里挥舞旗子。
ings by a diversion into irrelevant material
专四真题
一些学生由于插入无关材料偏离主题而把作文
写糟了。 Reading survived; in fact it not only
② 消遗 jLondon ojfjfers tote diversio似 /or ey- survived, it has flourished.
eq/從pe o/p^rso凡伦敦为各种人提供许多消遣。 译文：阅读幸存了下来；事实是它不仅幸存下来，
③ 临时绕行路 77祕 rood ims dosed anrf diwer- 它还兴旺得很。
sion^ into op^raiion.道路被封，临时通道
bloom /blu:m/
开始使用。
【助记】种在房间（room)里的花开了（bloom)
essence fes^ns/ /!•①花；开花（期）77祕 仍 are a/Z in Woom.
【助记】ess(存在)+ence—►存在的根本一►本质 春色满园；j
n. ① the most basic and important quality of
②青春焕发（的时期）7?祕man is m fois Woom
sth.本质 M /^cosso fries to
of youth•那人K 华正茂。
capture the essence of his subjects. 毕加索 vi••开花【反 wither】 Cfeir祕se pZwm 6toom
在画中努力抓住所选对象的实质。 in coW 加ers.梅花在寒冷的冬天盛开。
②精M t 精华 This shampoo contains herbal
blossom /'blDS0m/
essence.这种洗发露含有草本精华。
【短语】of the essence极其重要的// in essence本 n .花apple blossom苹果树花
质上，基本上 These two matters are different, W•①开花【同 bloom】 TTiose are 6/oss〇7win分.
iw essence.这两件事有本席上的区别。 那些树正在开花。
② to change, grow, and develop fully (〜⑽/,
fragrant /'freigrant/
into、长成 Their friendship blossomed into
a. (Dhaving a pleasant and usu. sweet smell 香
love.他们的友谊灰展成了爱情。
的 I mn through the cool and fmgvant woods 【短语】be in (full) blossom盛开；全盛时期
in the morning and got refreshed. 清晨我跑
• 266 •cereal /'sianai/ unwanted 抛弃 sftow/d be
/i.加工而成的谷类食物；谷物/ cerea/ discanted.过时的理论应当抛弃掉3
day/or'brea^/'ast我每天早餐吃热麦片粥。
rigid /'nd3id/
surplus /*s3：pies/ a•① not easily changed 严格的，死板的
【助记】sur(above)+plus(多的）— 多于需要的一► 过 discipKne严格的训练
剩 ②not able to be bent easily 刚硬的 a riflrid
/!•过剩 a 6切 〇/ cojfjfee•巴 swpport /or a 如U 坚挺的帐篷支柱
西有很多过剩的咖啡。
stiff /stif/
a. more than the amount that is needed 过剩的
a. ©difficult to bend or move The cards
Surplus grain is being sold for export•过剩
rmwte 〇/ 对访* paper. 卡片是用硬纸板做
的谷物正销往国外。
的。
dump /dAmp/ ② painful to move or use僵直的，不灵 活 的 脚
vf•① to get rid of; discard 倾卸，倾倒 can back was stiff after sitting for so many
J d从m p 执is 我把这垃圾倒在什么地方？ ftowrs.坐了这么长时间，我的背都僅硬了。
②to get rid of goods by selling them in a ③ not graceful, relaxed, or 什iendly 拘谨的，生
foreign country at a much lower price 倾销 硬的 He replied in a stiff， ironic voice.他
These countries have been dumping cheap 用生硬、讽刺的口气回答。
fertilizers on the UK market,这些笛家一 t ©difficult, strict, or severe a stiff task
在英国市场上倾销廉价化肥。 一次艰巨的任务
n 边圾场 They dumped their old car in the ⑤strong and forceful(风等)强烈的 A
towm dwmp.他们把旧汽车扔到城镇的垃圾堆里：《 my o# — 阵狂风刮走了我的帽子3
ad. to an extreme degree tS K She was scared
sociology /.s9usiDied3i/
s啦/；她非常害怕。
【助记】soci(交往）+ology(学科)—研究人与人交往
【派生】stiffen v•使僵硬，使坚强
的学科-> 社会学
function /fAQkj^n/
n 社会学 A few years ago, sociology was popular
zmderflrarfwa物. 几年前，社会学很受大 n ①功能，职 能 ⑽ /zmcrton 〇 / 语言的
学生欢迎。 功能
【派生】sociological a•社会学的 // sociologist /!• ② 重大聚会介’s necessai'y to attend a social
社会学家 /wncKan. 出席社交聚会是必须的
③ 函数
【归类卡片】学科名称
VI••运行
社会学sociology 哲学 philosophy
tion properly if you don't oil it regularly.
人类学 anthropology 心理学 psychology
旧机器如果不经常上油是不能正常运转的：
生理学 physiology 生态学ecology
地质学geology 古学 archaeology layout /leiaut/
电子学 electronics
【助记】lay(放置）+out— 把事物布S 好—设计
n 布局，设计 The book designer will have to
futile /fju：taii/
代d o p a 供 Za^/owte. 该书的设计者得重新设
a. having no result or effect 无效的 AW my
计版面。
attempts to unlock the door were futile.
试用各种方法打开门锁，但均告失敗 belief /bi.":f/
/i.①相信，信 任 Zo加 fee以 o/cme’s 某人
discard /diska:d/
深信 // I haven’t muck belief in his honesty.
【助记】dis (apart) + card (纸牌)一► 掷出无用的纸牌一►
我对他的诚实没有太大的信心。
拋弃
②信念 I have a firm belief that higher
vt to throw (sth.) away because it is useless or
education wiU change a person’s fate•权坚
•267.信高等教育会改变一个人的命运 deduct /didAkt/
【短语】beyond belief难以蹬信 【助记】de(down)+duct(引导)一►扣除
【派生】disbelieve v.不相信，怀疑 vt. to take away an amount or part from a total
扣 除 } tor wiW fee ctedwcted 介〇?11
evil fVMi
2/oi/rsa/ar2/.你的所得税会从工资中扣除
a. morally bad 邪恶的 euii 联合 conclude /kan'kluid/
n .同盟;结合 They didn’t rule out coalition with 【助记】con( — 起）+clude(关闭)一►结朵
你^ Socio/ Zfemocmte. 他们不排除与社会民主 vt. (Dto decide that sth. is true after considering
党人结盟的可能性 all the information you have 推断出 The
doctor concluded that the patient's disease
sanction /saeQkJsn/
cancer.医生断定病人患的是癌症
以 to officially accept or allow sth.批准 Owrptow
② to cause (sth.) to stop or finish 结束 77吻/
wasn't sanctioned by the board of directors.
conclude their study with these woi'ds.他们
我们的计划没有得到董事会的批准
以这些话结束调查报告
w. ①批准 wof 沒祝
③ to complete (sth.，such as a business deal)
尚未获得正式批准
缔结 定 After months of negotiations they
② 约束力 Some people believe that shame may
amdwcted sate.经过几个月的谈判之后，他
operate as the principal sanction against
们订立了销售合同。
w/rcrn分doin分. 有些人认为，羞耻之心可成为防止
v/. to stop or finish; come to an end 结束 77^
干坏事的主要约束力。
investigation has not yet concluded. 调查还
③ [常/?/•】国际 制 裁 而“〇似imposed
没有结束a
tough sanctions on the country.西方各国对
【短语】conclude from sth. that从某事推断出
这个国家实行了严厉制裁
【派生】conclusive a• 结论性的；决定性的
impeach Ampi:tj/
conclusion /kan'klu^sn/
vt. to say that sb. is guilty of a serious crime, esp.
n (J)结论 Can human beings live on the moon?
a crime against the state 弹劾，检举，控告 77犯
It’s too early to draw a conclusion.将‘尺
judge was impeached for taking bribes. 法
类是否能在月球上生存？现在下结论还为时过早。
官被控告受贿
② the end or final part of sth.结尾【同 end】
bring sth. to a conclitiSion 7 结杗布
undermine Mnde'mam/
③ 缔结 the conclusion of a peace treaty 和
【助记】under(在…下面）+mine(挖）— 在下面挖一>
平条约的缔结
破坏
vt. (Dto make (sb. or sth.) weaker or less effective ending /endirj/
usu. in a secret or gradual way 暗中破坏，逐
n. the way that a story, film, activity etc. finish-
iSf 肖|J Unfair criticism can undermine
es 结局 t 结昆 A bad beginning makes a bad
•273-ewdin分. 不善始者不善终。 生争论—争论
n. a serious argument or disagreement 争论，争
专四真题
吵 There has been much dispute over the
Whalton was about to witness the tragic
question of legalized aboition.堕眙合法化网
ending of a desperate chase in the waters
题引起了许多争论。
off what was then the US Territory of
vt. to say that sth. such as a fact or idea is
Florida.
not correct or true对…表示异议，就…发生争论
译文：沃顿即将要亲眼目睹到美国佛罗里达海
The election result was disputed.选举的结
域内的一场绝望逃亡的悲剧结尾
果引起异议。
vL to argue about (sth.)争论，争吵 77祕 too broW
veil /veil/
ers disputed over the ownership of the
//.面紗；遮盖物 77?^re is a vei/ o/m如 aver
compcm?/.两兄弟就这一公司的所有权发生争执〇
伙 小 山 上 笼 革 着 一 层 薄 雾
【短语】in dispute在争论中
vf. to hide or partly hide (sth.)遮盖，掩饰 77紹 sim
【派生】disputable a•有讨论余地的
6沒c/owds. 太阳被云层遮住了 //
Some people veiled their' cr'afty nature un- permission /pamijan/
der the mas/c of loyalty,有些人在怎城的外表 【助记】permit(v• 允许）的名词
下掩藏着奸作的本性 n•许可 Without specicd permission outsiders are
【短语】draw a veil over避而不谈，隐瞒 not allowed to visit the test plant.来经特糾
许可外人不得参观测试车间。
【派生】unveil v.除去…的面纱（盖布）等；为…揭筋
treatment /'tri-.tmant/ Staff /sta:f/
【助记】treat(v•对待）的名词 n.全体尺员 The university’s staff is excellent.
这所大学的教职员是非常优秀的。
n.①治疔 t 行法 The best treatment for a cold is
vt to be or provide the workers for an organization
to rest and drink lots of Jluids.治疗感 '畜的
为…锐备 l X 员、 The refugee centre is staffed
最佳方法是休息和多喝流质食物。
mainZ^/ voZzm仏ers.难民中心主要由志愿人
员提供服务。
我们不需要任何特殊待遇
Stadium /steidiam/
feedback /'fi:dbaek/
w .运动场，体育场 〇/ peopte jammed
【助记】feed(喂养，馈给）+back(反）—反馈
the stadiurrL成千上万的人把体育场挤得满满的。
it 反馈 We need more feedbac/c from the conr
【用法】复数为stadia/stadiums。
sumer to improve our goods. A 们需要从消
费者那里得到更多反馈信息以提高产品质量。
gaze /geiz/
vL to look at sb. or sth. in a steady way and usu.
forge /f〇：d3/
for a long time 注视 /n 加 se 沒 tec如res,
【助记】发音：“仿 制 伪 造
many students just sat gazing through the
v/•① to illegally copy sth., esp. sth. printed or
dossroom window;.在那些沉闷的课堂教学中，
written, to make people think that it is real
许多学生只是呆呆地坐着望着窗外3
伪造 They forged their manager’s signature
n,注视 He rested a curious ga^e on the strange
on the cheque.他们在1票上伪造了经埋的签名。
他好奇地盯着那个怪异的女人看。
©to make sth. from a piece of metal by
heating the metal and shaping it 锻造 77k? 【归类卡片】各种“看’’
bladcsmith is f〇7，ging the horseshoe, ik & 正 observe观察 gaze凝视
在打造马蹄铁。 stare 凝视 glance —瞥
【派生】 forgery /i•伪造；伪造品 witness目击 peep窥视
_________ _ _ ___________
dispute /dis'pju：t/ superb /sju：'p3：b/
【助记】dis(apart)+pute(思考)一*•思考方式不同易产 【助记】super(above) +b~►在一般的东西之上一>极好的
•274.a. extremely good极好的，高质置的77祕印〇7你 奇致祸。（好奇害死猫。）
facilities here are superb.达I 的运动设施I ②奇物 His house was full of old maps and
一流的。 o执er cwriosi价s. 他的房间装满了旧地图和其
他珍品。
laundry /*i〇：ndn/
n ①洗衣店 Send these clothes over to the laun- doom /du:m/
把这些衣服送到洗衣店去洗 vt. to make sb. or sth. certain to fail, die, be
②^好的衣服 She would bring the laundry bade destroyed etc.注定 species are doomed
about two weeks later. ：k 约两个 后，地会 吣 幻 很 多 物 种 注 定 要 灭 绝
把洗好的衣物送回来。 n.厄运 The recession spelled doom for many
经济衰退意味着许多小企业
chore /tjo：/
的消亡。
n 家庭杂务，日常零星工作AW ims 吣
relieve women of household chores.这一切 专四真题
都是为了把妇女从家务劳动中解放出来。
In the 20th century, first it was the movies> then
provoke /pravauk/ radios then television that seemed to spell
doom for the written world.
【助记】pro( forward) + voke(呼喊)— 向前大声呼喊一►
译文:在20世纪，先是电影，然后是收音机,再然后
对…挑辨
是电视机，似乎都会给书写领域带来灭顶之灾。
v/. (Dto make sb. angry, esp. deliberately 对…挑
lEf The lawyer' claimed his client was provoked
destiny /destim/
into acts of violence by the defendant 律师
n .命运;定数 Do you believe marriage is the
声称，他的当事人是受到被告的挑衅才采取暴力
你认为婚姻是命中注定的吗？
行动的。
【派生】destined a• 命中注定的// destine v•注
② to cause a reaction or feeling, esp. a
定;指定
sudden one The students tHed to piv-
voke the teacher into losing her ietrvper.学 destination /.destineij^n/
生们故意捣乱，惹老师发脾气
【助记】destin(e)(指定）+a tion—►预定到达的地方一► 目
【派生】provocation w.挑衅；激怒// provocative仏
的地
刺激的；挑衅的
w. ①目的地 / am ftcmrw/ /or L/wtsa; 你以 is my
cte故ina^ow.我前往拉萨，那是我的目的地：
curiosity /.kjuariDSiti/
②目标【同aim】77祕 ctesiinaficm 〇/ Ms &
【助记】cur(关心）+iosity— ■事事关心—好奇心
《以 /am他的攻读目标是法律。
/i.①好奇（心） Curiosity killed the cat.[请]好
.275典型考题精练
1. That was not the first time he ______ us. I think it’s high time we ______ strong actions against
him.
A. betrayed... take B. had betrayed... took
C. has betrayed... took D. has betrayed... take
2. The ______ of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in understanding the
universe.
A. essence B. content C. texture D. threshold
3. With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers before
their time.
A. be bloomed B. bloom C. bloomed D. blooming
4. The law of supply and demand will eventually take care of a shortage or of dentists.
A. surge B. surplus C. flush D. fluctuation
5. Before we move, we should ______ some of the old furniture, so that we can have more room in
the new house.
A. discard B. dissipate C. cancel D. conceal
6. We have arranged to go to the cinema on Friday, but we can be______ and go another day.
A. reliable B. probable C. feasible D. flexible
7. According to the American federal government, residents of Hawaii have tlie longest life
77.2 years.
A. rank B. span C. scale D. scope
8. Allen will soon find out that real life is seldom as simple as it is in commercials.
A. drafted B. depicted C. alleged D. permeated
9. Niagara Falls is a great tourist drawing millions of visitors every year.
A. attention B. attraction C. appointment D. arrangement
10. He never arrives on time and my is that he feels the meetings are useless.
A. preference B. conference C. inference D. reference
11. The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state
A. pensions B. earnings C. salaries D. donations
12. As the mountains were covered with a of cloud, we couldn’t see their tops.
A. coating B. film C. veil D. shade
13. The test results are beyond ; they have been repeated in labs all over the world.
A. negotiation B. conflict C. bargain D. dispute
14. The prison guards were armed and ready to shoot if in any way.
A. intervened B. incurred C. provoked D. poked
15. Wlien all these peach trees are in , we can see a pink world.
A. fragrance B. blossom C. activity D. spirits
16. In tlie times of the emperors, the formality within the Forbidden City was rigid beyond
A. faith B. trust C. belief D. control
17. My next step was to my ideas for how to show these concepts visually.
A. sketch out B. sketch of C. sketch in D. sketch on
18. Over half of those ______ do not believe the prime minister usually tells the tmth.
A. polled B. betrayed C. diverted D. conducted
19. In my view the problem is not very serious, and the policy response will be
•276.A. average B. flexible C. moderate D. humane
20. The concert was over, and she sat very_____with her arms around her knees.
A. rigid B. firm C. stubborn D. stiff
21. From your smile I_______that you're pleased.
A. conclude B. infer C. judge D. deduce
22. The actual sum of compensation due is still in _______.
A. debate B. quarrel C. dispute D. argument
5 ) 答案与译文
1. [B]那不是他第一次背叛我们...我认为我们该对他采取强硬措施了
2 . 【A ] 科学态度的本质就在于人类的思维能正确地了解宇宙
3. [B]随着科技的发展，人们可以让各种鲜花提前开放
4. [B]供求法则最终会平衡牙医数量的短缺或者过剩。
5. [A]搬家前我们应该先扔掉一些旧家具，这样我们就能给新家腾出更多的空间
6. [D]我们已经安排周五去看电影，但是也可以灵活一点改天去。
7. [B]美国联邦政府的调查表明，夏成夷居民的人均寿命最长.为77.2岁.
8. [B]艾伦很快就会发现真正的生活很少像广告上描述的那么简单
9. [B]尼亚加拉瀑布是一个对游客有巨大吸引力的地方，每年都吸引上百万的游人。
10. [C]他从来不按时到达，因此我推断他认为这些会议毫无用处
11. [A]上了年纪的俄罗斯公民发现靠政府的养老金维持生计很艰难
12. [C]因为云雾笼革着群山，我们看不见它们的顶部
13. [D]测试结果不容争辩—— 因为它们在全球实验室都是一样的
14. [C]监狱警卫全副武装，如果受到任何挑衅他们就会随时准备开枪。
15. [B]当所有的桃花盛开的时候，我们可以看到一个粉红的世界
16. [C]在帝王时代，紫禁城内的礼仪异常严格，令人难以置信。
17. [A]我下一步是结合我的想法，以便使概念更直观地展现出.
18. [A]半数以上接受民意调查的人认为首相经常不说真话
19. [C]但在我看来，这一问题还不是很严重，而且政策上的反应将是溫和的
20. 丨D】音乐会结束了，她抱着膝盖，僵硬地坐着
21. [B]从你的笑容，我断定你很高兴
22. [C]应赔偿的实际总额仍在争论之中。
•277.'y/mmmBsJ
单词预习+返记
□guidance □image □esteem □transit □puncture □mutual
□instruct □mild □despise □transition □anonymous □reciprocal
□column □periodical □contempt □marine □increasingly □wrap
Qjoumal □rear □disdain □naive □astonish □ribbon
□flock □balance □constant □navigation □stun □weave
□herd □notion □queer □implement □astound □foundation
□shoal □knit □odd □analogy □appall □project
□gang □tremendous □courtesy □quote □colony □settlement
□swarm □tremble □formal □melt □di^atch/de^jatch □shabby
□means □hug □astronomy □displace □shed □rag
□corporate □embrace □statistic □dwarf □sentiment □burden
□incorporate □pat □lag □rude □distress
□liberate □foremost □bold □kidnap □suppress
□liberal □external □dubious □hyack □mischief
□target □dense □construct □ransom □frank
□emancipate □feminine □specimen □punctual □blunt
□novelty □masculine □sample □punch □thumb
guidance /gaidans/ 祝5. —个士兵纵队沿着街道行进
【助记】guid(e)(指导）+ance— 指导，指引 ③栏，专栏(文章）/ in
n. help and advice that is given to sb. about /oca/ paper.我经常在当地报纸上看她的专
their work, education, or personal life 指弓I， 栏文章。
指导 Parental guidance is 7，ecommended for 【派生】columnist /I•专栏作家
/oUoWn分program. 以下节目建议由家长
journal /.d33:ni/
指导收看3
/i.①杂志，日报77祕 WaU Sire扣 f/owma/《华尔街
instruct /instrAkt/ 曰报》
v/•①to officially tell sb. what to do 指示，命令 〇^r ②日志 The explorer wrote 100 journals to take
staff have been instructed to offer you ev- notes of whai he had seen every day.探险
我方工作人员奉命为您提供一 家写了 100篇日记，记录每日所见。
切帮助。 【派生】journalist /!•新闻记者
©to teach sb. sth., or show them how to do
flock /flok/
sth. 教育，指 导 //e 伙你6 ycmw分
//.①a group of sheep, goats, or birds 羊群，
men in operating the complicated machine.
(鸟、兽等）一群aWocA: o/s如印一群羊
他教这些年轻人操作这台复杂的机器。
② a large group of people —大批■众多 a
【派生】instructive a•有启发性的 // instructor /?•
flock of tourist —大群游客
教师，指导者
W. to gather or move in a crowd 群集历nfc 〇/
column
/'kDlem/ a featkerflocfc together, [i彦]物以类聚^人以群分
n•①柱，圆柱 The dome was supported by white
mar6k 圆顶由白色大理石柱支揮着
herd /h3：d/
② 级 A column of soldiers marched through n. a group of animals of one kind that live and
•278-feed together 牧群 77祕 Zierd are sca^ered corporate /*k〇：parit/
over丨以foitts.牧群散布在群山上。 【助记】corpor(团体）+ate—► 公司的
vA使集中在一起，放牧1)〇沢are o/fen Gained如 a. ①公司的 Corporate executives usually have
ft^rd 印. 狗常被训练来放羊。 high salaries.公司里的管理人员一般享有高薪z
【派生】herdsman n•牧民 ②全体的，共同的 corporate
/〇付共同的责任/努力
shoal /1的丨/
【派生】corporation• 有限公司；法人
/i.① 浅 滩 ，浅 水 处 77祕 &〇加u;as对rancted on
专四真题
sftoa/.那艘船在浅滩搁浅。
(2)鱼群 The shark swam around a shoal of “The company picked me up in a corporate
这条鲨鱼绕着鱼群游动。 jet to see bakeries around the world,” she
recalls.
gang /gaery
译文：“公司用商务机接送我到世界各地的面包
n .(一）帮，（一）伙 77祕 仍 w;as ptennin众 a roft-
店去考察，”她回忆说。
6e^ o/a banfe这伙歹徒正在计划枪劫一家银行。
vL to form a group to attack, oppose, or criti- incorporate /m'koipereit/
cize sb•(〜w/7) 结成一伙 sc/ioof oWer 【助记】in (into) +corpor (团体）+ate— 使进人团体—
boys ganged up on him and called him 合并
names.在学校读书时那些大男孩联合起来欺负他、 v• ① to include sth. as part of a group, sys-
辱骂他。 tem, plan etc.包含 Our oiiginal proposals
【派生】gangster/I• 匪徒，歹徒 were not incorporated in the new legisla-
汾m . 新立法没有包括我们当初的提议。
swarm /sw〇：m/
②把…合并，使并入77祕执ree Japanese
n. ①large group of insects, esp. bees, moving
banks incorporated into the world's largest
together(昆虫等的）群 a simm 〇/ Zocwste —
6an/ciwflf 日本最大的三家银行合并，组
群螳虫
建了全球最大的金融集团：// 77说 compi/ier
②a crowd of people who are moving quick-
company will be incorporated with another.
\y X 群 Swarms of tourists visit the resort
该计算机公司将与另一家合并。
⑼ 抑 summer.每年夏天，成群结队的游客来
到这个度假胜地。 liberate /'iibereit/
W• ①（人们）成群结队地移动，蜂 拥 77祕 6的 冰 w 【助记】liber(自由）+ate(使)— 使自由—►解放
swarming with bathers.海滩挤满海浴的 v/. ®to free sb. from feelings or conditions that
② （昆虫或动物）成 群 移 动 su^armed make their life unhappy or difficult 使解脱，使
arownrf Mm. — 群蜜蜂在他周围飞来飞去。 解放 Household appliances liberate us from
【短语】swarm into涌进，涌往// a swarm of —群 many heavy household chores.家用电器把我
鲁
们从许多繁重的家务杂事中解放出来。
means /mi：nz/ ② to free prisoners, a city, a country etc.
n .①方法 AU possible means have been tried. from sb.’s contro丨释放，解放 armies
各种可能的方法都试过了。 K&era化d 力a m ⑽ • 盟 军 把 法 国
②金钱 sc/iooZ /ees are 5巧/ond 伙必 从纳粹手里解放了出来。
means of most people•私主耸校的f 用是大 【派生】liberation /I•解放
多数人无力支付的。
liberal /liberal/
【短语】by all means S 然可以 // by means of
【助记】liber(自由）+al—自由的
用 ，依靠 // by no means 决不 no mecms
a .①心胸宽阔的，开明的77祕
will this method produce satisfactory re-
liberal views about what pupils should wear.
sw/te. 这种方法决不会产生令人满意的结果
校长对学生应该穿什么持开明的态度
【用法】means意为“手段、方法”时，单复数同形。
•279.② 自由主 义 的 自由民主党人 你是乐天派。
③ 慷慨的a 慷慨的捐助 ③ 映像，图 像 an in a mirror铣子中
④ 自由的，不拘泥文字的a Z?:6eraZ如如，’祝❿ 的映像// carwd ima供s in执e rocto刻于岩
t.ion of the original play 对原M 的灸活ii：释 石上的图像
【派生】liberalism w.宽容；自由主义 ④ 形象的描述，比喻//e wses ima^e o/a
hole to describe emotional emptiness. 他用
target /'targit/
“空洞”这一比喻来描述情感空虚。
n. ①轮子 The arrow missed the target、箭来中
专四真题
靶。
② （攻击的）目标，攻击对象Cars No matter how many times you have seen
curity devices are an easy target for the images of the golden mask of boyking Tu
没有安全装置的汽车很容易成为盗贼的目标。 tankhamen, come face to face with it in
③ 拟达到的指标77说/(20/0^饥^ 你 ；)7*0必1^ Egypt’s Cairo museum, and you will suck
tion target ahead of time• 工厂提觉完氣1 in your breath.
产指标。 译文：无论你看过多少次年轻的图坦卡蒙法老金
w. ① to aim sth. at a target 瞄准 77祕 面具的图像，当你置身于埃及的开罗博物馆，与
we c re targeted at major cities.导弹猫向大成 其面对面时，你还是会十分震惊。
市
©to make sth. have an effect on a particu mild /maild/
lar limited group or area 以… 为目标 These
【助记】温柔(mild)的m 颠倒过来就是野蛮(wild)
products are targeted at young people. 这些 a. ®(of people) gentle and kind; not easily get-
产品的目标人群是年轻人。 ting angry or violent 温和的，温柔的 Joe is a
mild man who rarely raises his voice.乔是
emancipate /imaensipeit/ 个性情温和的人，极少扯高嗓门说话。
vt. to give sb. the political or legal rights that ② (of weather) fairly warm 温暖的 a miW Wn-
they did not have before解放，使不受束缚 仏r 暖和的冬天
Women are still struggling to be fully ③ (of an illness or criticism) not severe or strong
emancipated.妇女仍在■为彻良解故而斗争。 轻微的，不严重的Mid am
effective in educating children.教育孩子时
novelty /novaiti/
轻微的惩罚也会奏效//a in/ec-
【助记】novel(新奇的）+ty—新奇事物
rtori轻微的喉部感染
n. ①the quality of being new, unusual, and in-
teresting 新奇 77紀 no滅沒 〇/* feer new; periodical Apian'odikal/
sora *w;ore ojfT! 新工作带给她的新鲜感逐漸消 【助记】period (周期）+ical—► 周期的
失了。 n. a magazine that is published every week,
② 新奇事物 Cars were a novelty in 1900. month, etc. IVs one of the best learned
在 1900年，汽车还是个新奇的玩意。 periodicals in the world of language study.
③ 新颖小巧而廉价的物品Christmas novelties 这是外语学习方面最好的学术期刊之一。
圣诞小饰物 at. 周期的，定期的 / eap议 r印wtar periodica/ re
ports/rom 2/0 从. 我期待你定期 汇报。
image Amid3/
n. ®the impression that a person, an organiza rear /ria/
tion or a product, etc. gives to the public 形
n .后部；后方 TTie kitchen is in the rear of the
象 Charles fias worked hard to improve 厨房在房子的后部。
Camilla’s public image•查尔斯已努力改喜十 a.后面的；后方的 mir caftm o/a ptone飞
米拉的公众形象 机后舱
©(头脑中对某人或某物的1
vt. to look after a person or animal until they
age of you as being cheerful.在我的印象中 are fully grown 抚养 _ parent /win/
•280.to r e a r 我父母努力工作养家, 从骨头愈合得不好。
【短语】bring up the rear处在Ai后的位置，殿 后 /n 【用法】过去式、过去分词knitted/knit。
test results Tom always brought up the rear.
专四真题
在考试结果中汤姆总是排最后：
Now she avoids convenience stores and has
balance /bseiens/ begun learning to knit, quilt, and make her
v厶 ① 使 平 衡 Caw own soap.
balance a coin on 译文：现在，她不再去便利店，还开始学着编织、缝
ite ecfcre? 你能把一枚 补衣物，甚至自制肥皂。
硬币竖立起来吗？
tremendous /trimendas/
② to be equal in
【助记】trem (抖动）+endous—►大得让人颤抖的一► 巨
amount value, etc. to
大的
sth. that has the op-
a•① very big, fast, powerful etc• 巨大的⑽ does
posite effect (使)均衡，
her work with tremendous vigor.地工作起
相抵 分o dowm to de-
来干劲十足夕al a speed以惊
creo^ed iwiporte.必须减少出口以便和下降的
人的速度
进口保持均衡，
②excellent 精彩的 IVe a Zm/ienrfoits w切加
③ to compare the relative importance of two
aZ / 加 /asf n切从我们昨天晚上在剧院度
contrasting things 权衡，比较 //e 6a/a,n(^d a
过了一个美妙的夜晚
trip to the mountains against the chance of
as从mmerjbft. 他把去山里旅行与夏季打工的
tremble /trembi/
机会做了比较
v/. ®to shake slightly because you are afraid, ner
w.平衡；天平，# ; 结存，余 额 生
vous, excited, etc. My legs wei^e trem-
& 平衡 // My bank balance isn’t very large.
Winp .我叮得双腿直发抖
我银行存款不多,，
② to shake slightly 摇晃 The whole house
【短 语 】in the balance (生命等)在危急状态中// off
t?'embled as the train went by•火 4■绞过 H ，
balance不平衡
整座屋子都在震颤。
【派生】imbalance w•不 平 衡 ，不均衡 ③ to be afraid or nervous 担心，焦虑 / 以
ble to think what’s going to happen.我一想
notion /naujan/
到即将发生的事就担心。
【助记】not(标记)+ion—有了 “想法”就要记下来
n. M 科;摇晃 There was a treinble in his voice.
/I. an idea, belief, or opinion, esp. one that is
他的声音有点颤抖。
false or not very dear 概念，想法，观点 77^no-
tion that the earth is flat was rejected long hug /hAg/
叫〇.认为地球是扁平的观念早已被否定
付.①拥抱 sow and sowrwZ
knit /mt/ the accidentf the mother hugged him tightly.
看到儿子在事故后平安无恙，母亲紧紧地拥抱着他。
vA d 编结，编织 Afom /cnif me a pair 〇/ soc/c.
②紧抱、抱住 He was hugging a big pile of
妈妈给我织了一双袜子。
6〇〇知. 他抱着一大堆书。
② to join people，things, or ideas more closely
W .互相拥抱77?句/ fow仰收/ tmd 他们互相
together 使紧凑 77祕 0•汉 /cni/ economies
拥抱亲吻。
of the two nations together.该条约把两舀的
n .拥抱；紧抱 He gave his little boy a big hug
绞济紫密it 结合在一起 // a closely knit
似 他 在 临 睡 时 亲 热 地 拥 抱 了 一 下 年 幼
commimi吻紧密团结的社区
的儿子。
③ 皱紧、皱（眉） knit one’s b?vws坡眉
v i.①编结 She often knits while watching TV. embrace /imbreis/
她常常一边看电视一边织毛衣 【助记】em(in)+brace(双臂)一►在双臀里—拥抱
②（折骨）愈合77祕 Zo如以 以• ①拥抱【同hug】S/祕 son 6咖 7，衫
•281 •众• 她在离开前拥抱着儿子。 dense /dens/
©to include sth. as part of a subject, discus 仏①密集的，稠密的，浓密的a /ore对一片
sion etc.包括，包含 77ii5 cowrse 浓密的森林 //
several different aspects of psychology,这门 lation is a breeding place for infectious
课程涉及心理学的几个不同方面。 disease. 人口密集的地区是传染病滋生的地方。
③to enclose (sth.) on all sides 包围，环绕 77祕 ②密度大的dense substance密度大的物质
feTte embrace 山丘环绝着村庄。 【派生】densely似/•密集地// density /!•稠密；密度
v/•互相拥抱 77说加〇 toners
feminine /femimn/
eacfo o执er — 对恋人紧紧地相拥在一起。
【助记】femin(女性)+ine(具有…性质)一►女性的
n.拥抱a embrace深情的拥抱
亿女性的；女子气的e/ew;e的/ and /ace are饥〇对-
pat /pset/ ly feminine belongings.春宝和蕾达大多是女
v/.轻拍 //e pa«ed mi/ sftowWer (=pa你d 幫 on 性用品^
the shoulder) in a brotherly gesture.他以兄 【派生】feminism n•女权运动// feminist /i•男女
弟般的友好态度拍了拍我的肩膀。 平等主义者a. 主张男女平等的
n.轻拍 He gave her a reassuring pat on the
masculine /maeskjulin/
sfeoiiWer.他轻拍了一下她的肩膀让她放心。
【短语】pat on the back赞扬，鼓励 男性的；男子气的A man is considered mas
culine when he faces life's challenges brave-
foremost /foimeust/ 奴如果一个人勇敢面对生活的挑战，我们就说
【助记】fore (before) +most (最）一►排在最前面的— 他很有男子汉气概。
首要的 【派生】masculinity /!•男子气概
a. the best or most important 首要的，最佳的
esteem /i’sti:m/
Bernard Shaw was the foremost playwright
vt. to respect and admire sb. or sth. The pro
rtme萧伯纳是他那个时代最重要的戏
fessor was much loved and esteemed. 这位
剧作家。
教授深受爱戴。
【短语】first and foremost 首先 c/ii/dren
n. M重 hold sb. in great/higk esteem 非常尊重
need first and foremost from their parents
炎 乂 // She had earned the esteem of every-
is a sense of security.孩子省九需要队父母
owe in 心 她 赢 得 了 城 里 每 个 人 的 尊 重 。
那得到的是安全感。
despise /dispaiz/
external /ik，st3:n»i/
【助 记 】de (down) +spise
【助记】exter(out)+nal—►外部的
(看卜往下看鄙视
a. ① connected with or located on the outside
vt. to dislike and have a
of sth. or sb.外部的，外表的加
low opinion of sb. or
外淹 // This medicine is for external use
sth.郧视 Afe cm^
o/办, drir认如尽此药只供外用，不可内服
despise you so long
② coming from outside a place, an organi-
as you respect your-
zation，your particular situation etc.外来的，
只要你尊重自
夕卜界的 ir^/brma“on 介om ea;於ma/ scmrc你
己，没有人会鄙视你。
外部信息来源 // pre5-
sure was put on Congress to override the contempt /kan tempt/
1；扮〇. 要求国会推翻该否决的外界压力相当大。
/i. a feeling that sb. or sth. is not important and
③ connected with foreign countries 对外的，外
deserves no respect 轻视，轻蔑 //e in沾pref
ed sitence as c o n 他把沉默 看作轻
仏? in cmr chairs. 我们不会容忍任何
蔑的表示。
其他国家干涉我们的内政。
【短语】hold in contempt认为…不屑顾
•282-【派生】contemptuous •藐视的 零星杂物// against all (the) odds尽管有极大
的困难
disdain /dis'dein/
v/•① to have no respect for sb. or sth.，be courtesy /*k3：tisi/
7i• 谦恭有礼；有礼貌的举止（或言辞）lacfc 〇/
cause you think they are not important or
courtesy is seen as a disease of modem day
good enough 邮视，轻视 S/纪 disctoiried my
sock^/.缺少礼貌被看作是现代社会的一种弊病
ojQfer to 我提出要帮助她，却遭她鄙弃3
【派生】courteous a•有礼貌的
②to refuse to do sth. because you are too
proud to do it 不展于 disdair祕d to re- formal /foimai/
ply to such a trivial question.汤姆不庳于回 a• ①正式的，正规的，合乎礼仪的a/omaZdin-
答这样琐碎的问题。 正式的晚餐/正规的训练
/!• 鄙视，不屑【同contempt】S/论n;as⑽ated 说 ②形式上的 77^ere is on/y a /onua/ resemr
cfedain.她遭人轻视。 blance between the two systems.这两种体系
只是在形式上有某种相似之处3
constant /kDnstant/
【派生】informal a 非正式的；不拘礼节的// formal-
a•① staying the same 始终如一的 Presswre in
ity n• 拘泥形式；礼节// formalise v.使形式化
the container remains constant.容器中的压
力保持恒定不变。 astronomy /©stronemi/
② happening regularly or all the time 不断的 【助记】astro(星星）+nomy
In South Chinciy the constant rain in spring (规律）—研究星星运
isdi印认华南地区春雨连绵，这真令人讨厌。 行的规律—天文学
③ loyal and faithful 忠实的 a consfarU /riewd w. 天文学 a
一个忠实的朋友 discipline, astrono
w. 恒置 An 私 /iared and can my developed earlier
?10《66以^1叩6(1 绝对常数是固定、不可以改变的 than most other sub-
【派生】constantly arf• 永恒地；不断地 j'ecte.作为一门学科，
天文学比大部分其他学科发展得都早一些。
queer /kwie/
【派生】astronomer w•天文学家 // astronomical a.
a•① strange or difficult to explain 奇怪的 S/论
天文学的，天体的
gave a queer laugh,地古短:也笑1 U / This
oran供 gweer. 这橘子吃起来有怪味 statistic /ste'tistik/
②不舒服的，想 呕 吐 的 J’m /ding a 扮你 /i.①统计数值，统 计 资 料 s/iou?伙加
queer; I think I’U go home.我感到有些不舒 thei'e are more males than females in our
服，我想还是回家吧a 统计数字表明我国男性比女性人教多。
②f_-s]统计学 Statistics is a branch of math-
odd /dc!/
ema^cs.统计学是数学的一个分支
a. ©different from what is normal or expected
【用法】意为“统计数字”时，通常用复数〜s;男〜s 指
奇特的，古 怪 的 are内/以分to crac/r
“统计学”时，是不可数名词。
the odd signs in the great pyramid•科哮家
【派生】statistical a• 统计的，统计学的// statisti-
们正尝试破译大金字塔内的奇特符号。
cian it. 统计员
② 临时的，不 固 定 的 零 工
③ 单的；奇数的odd rmmfe^r奇數 lag /laeg/
④ 剩余的，余下的77泌re are 30-orfd s如de/ite v/. to move or develop more slowly than others
m c/似s.我的班里有30多个学生 走得慢 The. tortoise lagged behind the rabbit
n. [/?/•】可能性77祕 odcte are 如 / 认af Aw分 when they recompeted in the race. I 先重新
Lee's movies would be a box office success. 赛跑时，乌龟远远地落在兔子后面
李安的电影十之八九会有好的票房收入 /I. a delay or period of waiting between one event
【短语】at odds with与…不和 // odds and ends and a second event滞后，（时间上的）间隔77奶它
•283.was a long lag in forwarding mail to us. 转 sample /*sa：mpi/
寄给我们的邮件晚了很久才拿到。 【助记】简单的(simple)样品(sample)
rt. ® a small part or amount of sth. that is ex
bold /bduld/
amined in order to find out sth. about the
a ,①not afraid of taking risks and making diffi-
whole WSa T cl like to see some samples of
cult decisions 勇敢的，无畏的 ForZi/m? /auors
2/owr 我想看看你作品的一些样品
the bold, but abandons tke tim id.命运％愛
② a small amount of a product that people
勇敢者，但是抛弃弱小者
can try in order to find out what it is like 货
@so confident or determined that you some-
样 samples of a new shampoo 新洗发削的
times offend people冒失的，鲁莽的S/祕 i⑽ 5
试用品
hurt by a bold remark.地被一句/t 突^H 的
v/•① to choose some people from a larger group
话所伤害
in order to ask them questions or get informa-
③粗（字）体的m 用粗体字
tion from them从…抽样（试验或调查）2S% 〇/
【派生】boldness /!•勇敢；冒失
the adults sampled admitted having had pivb-
dubious /djuibias/ lems with alcohol abuse.彺接受抽样调查的
【助记】du(两，双）+bious— 两边倒—犹豫不决的 成年人中有18%承认有酗酒问题
a .①not sure whether sth. is good or true 疑惑 ©to taste food or drink in order to see what it
的，犹豫不决的 I’m a bit dubious about the is \ike Si 尝 I have sampled all the cakes and
idea of lending him my car. A 有 A 拿不定 I like Jane’s best. A 尝了所有的蛋糕，我最喜次
主意是不是该借车给他 简的。
② making you doubt whether sb. or sth. is
transit Araensit/
honest, safe, etc.靠不住的，令人生疑的
【助记】trans(across)+it(go)—►从一•个地方转移至
deal sounds highly dubious to me.这笔交馬
另一个地方—运输
在我看来十分靠不住
n.运输 The shipment was lost in transit.这批
construct /kan’strAkt/ vf. ,konstiv\kt/ w. 货在运输过程中丢失了。
【助记】con(共同）+struct(建立）—逮造 【短语】in transit在运输中，在途中
vt. (Dto build sth. such as a house, bridge, road
transition /traenzi/an/
etc.建造 Many companies are trying to
n. a change fromo nes tate orc ondition to an-
win the contract to constmct the bridge. 许
other 过渡，转变 //is加 “以咖 cm
多公司想争取到修建这座大桥的合同
abrupt transition.他的态Jt突然转变了
(2 to make or create (sth., such as a story or
theory) by organizing ideas, words, etc.对… 专四真题
进行构思 The novel is skiUfully constructed.
It is argued that the transition to the fa
这部小说的构思相当巧妙
ther's role, although difficult, is not nearly
建筑物，构造物；构想，观念77说contract 〇/
as great as the transition the wife must
the building is not so film as expected.这
make to the mother’s role.
个建筑物的结构并不像想象的那么坚固3
译文：有人争辩说，虽然转变为父亲的过程并不简
【派生】constructive 逑设性的 // reconstruct v.
单，却远没有从妻子过渡到母亲那样困难
ffiiih 函:现
specimen /'spesimm/ marine /maVi：n/
【助记】mari(海）+ne—►海的
n. a small amount or piece that is taken from
/i. 海军陆战队士兵
sth.，so that it can be tested or examined 标
本 t 样本，Johri collects specimens of all kinds a .①海 I 洋）的 The oil leak in the Persimi Gulf
〇/ rocfcs cmd 约翰采集各种岩石和 seriously threatened the murine life around
矿物的标本 sea. 波斯湾的油泄漏严重成胁了附近海域
•284*的海洋生物。 报价 Always get a quote before proceed-
②
②海军的；海事的a. marine c〇7ps海军陆战队 以分㈤认repa/r n;orfc维修之前必须先取得报价
// the marine court 海尊法A ③ b/.j引号h 在引号中
【派生】quotation /!•引用；报价
naive /nai.i:v/
a•①幼稚的,轻信的A/an^/ mri從 im以/or a melt /melt/
film director to give them a chance to play a v . ①(使）融化，（使）培化A m Y s fca化cm to/ce.
rote.许多幼稚的女孩等候着电影导演 7?论化e 别到湖上去溜冰，湖面的
给她们一个出演主角的机会 冰正在融化。// GreaZ /row. 高温
②天真的 Einma had a sweet， naive look 使铁熔化。
smited.艾玛笑的时候表情甜美，天 ②to gradually disappear(使）消散 /fer ari^er
真烂漫3 s/ou% meted a 她的怒气漸漸消了
navigation /.naevi'gei/an/ displace /dispieis/
【助记】nav(船)+ig+ation(行为)一►开船一>航海 【助记】dis(away)+place(位？?• >—收•丧失位IK—>取代
/!•①航行（学），航海（术），航空（术} Ato;句 vt. (Dto take the place or position of sth. or sb.
difficult on this river because of the hidden I don’t want to be displaced in your
取 代
rocb.因这河上有暗礁，所以在这条河上航行是 heart by that young fool & 4
•我 才 不 意 那 个 、
困难的。 傻瓜取代我在你心中的地位
②导航，领航navigation light (飞机的）导航灯 ②to force (people or animals) to leave the
【派生】navigate v.航行;驾驶 area where they live迫使…离开 家 园 M//-
lions of refugees were displaced by the war.
implement /impliment/ vt. Amplimant/ n.
数以百万计的难民由于战争而离开家园
v/. to make (sth.) active or effective 使生效，实施
【派生】displacement 移位；取代
Cost-cutting measures have been imple-
化d m mosZ 大多数医院已采取 dwarf /dw〇：f/
了降低成本的措施。 n .
矮 子
Their son is a dwatf
他们的儿子是个矮子
/I. a tool, esp. one used for outdoor physical work a .矮小的a —探接树
器 M： RakeSj plough^ hoes and spades are vt. to make (sth.) look very small or unimportant
simple farming implements. 4巴、犁、物、i产是 when compared with sth. else 使显得矮小，使
简单的农具。 相形见细 The old cathedral is dwarfed by
the skyscrapers that surround it.
那 &古 老 的
analogy /0nael0d3i/
教堂在周围摩天大楼的映衬下显得十分矮小
【助记】ana(upon)+logy(说)—类比
n. a comparison of two things based on their rude /ru：d/
being alike in some way 类比 The physiolo 【助记】发音:“鲁 的 粗 鲁 的
gy teacher drew an analogy between the a•①粗鲁的【同 impolite】 Some /oo/c wpcm
/mman awd /mmp.生理学老师将 American young men as brash, immodest
人的心脏比作水泵 anrfrwcte.有的人认为美国的年轻人傲慢、不谦
【短语】by analogy用类推的方法 逊、粗鲁。
②made in a simple basic way 粗糙的 Peop/e
quote /kwaut/
〇/ /“ Stow Age rarfc too/s. 石器时代
v . ①引用，援引//e料 〇 奶 B i W e 他
的人使用的工具很简陋
引用《圣经》的话c,
②报…的价，开 价 is如 6⑻ / ccm kidnap /kidnaep/
认这是我能报给你的最优惠的价格 【助 记 】kid(小 孩 )+nap (小睡 偷偷将熟睡的小孩
n .①引文，引 语 a 分wote /n?m 五7似teiw 抱走— 绑架
阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦的话 vt. to take sb. somewhere illegally by force, of-
•285.ten in order to get money for returning them puncture /pAQktj 9/
缴染 Police have uncovered a plot to kid w.(尖物刺穿的)/j、孔；（轮胎上的)刺孔memi a pzmc-
nap f/w /?〇沒. 警方已侦破一起辦 架那个男孩的阴谋 《wre修孙车胎穿孔
【派生】kidnapper /!•绑匪 v. to make a small hole in sth.刺破，戳破 //is
bike’s rear tire punctwed.他的自行车的后胎
hijack /*haid39ek/
被扎破了 // The bullet punctured the skull.
n.轨待 The hijack took place just after the plane
子弹射穿了头骨。
toofcoj〇T.劫持是飞机刚起飞后发生的-
v/•① to use violence or threats to take control of anonymous /enommes/
a plane, vehicle, or ship Hi The plane was 【助记】an(without)+onynU名字）+ous—♦•匿名的
hijacked by two armed men on a flight from a . ① 匿 名 的 八 of aw 我收
Z/Ondow to Cairo. 班机在从伦敦飞往开罗途中 到了一封匿名信。
遭到了两名持械男子劫持3 ②无特色的an omon^/moi/占 毫无特
②to take control of sth. and use it for your 色的建筑物
own purposes 操纵(会议等） peopte 犰infc
increasingly /in'kriisiQli/
the party has been hijacked by right-wing
似/.越来越多地 Cfeina prosper-
有人认为该党已经被右翼极端分子
ous and strong. 中国日益繁荣强盛。
所把持了。
【词源】据说劫车大盗枪劫前假装成搭便车的路 astonish /e'stonij/
人，拦车前先假装友好，跟司机打招呼时说“Hi, vt. to surprise sb. very much 1$ W We were
Jack! ”后来人们将两词合为一词，意为“劫持”: astonished at the news of her' sudden death.
她突然去世的消息使我们震惊。
ransom (raensom/
【派生】astonishment /!•惊讶
n.赎金 She was kidnapped and held for ran-
som.她被绑架并遭勒索赎金3 Stun /st An/
v厶赎出，赎回 77吻/ w;ere a// ransomed cmd 代- vt. (l)to surprise or upset sb. so much that they
《wraed 他们被赎回来了，毫发未损 do not react immediately 使震惊 //er words
stunned me—I had no idea she felt that
punctual /pAQktjuai/
imi/.她的话让我大为诧异—— 我没想到她有那
仏准时的 The cat makes a punctual appear-
样的感觉。
cmce af mec沿im從.这只猫不早不晚吃饭时准到
②to make sb. unconscious for a short time
punch /pAntj/ 使昏迷 The punch stunned me for a 7uo-
那一拳使我昏迷了一阵儿。
v/.①to hit sb. or sth. hard with your fist 猛击价
【派生】stunt w• 特技；噱头
punched the thief on the head.他一拳狠狠
打在小偷的头上、
astound
/a'staund/
②穿孔，打孑L The conductor purwhed a train
vt. to make sb. very surprised or shocked 使震
hcA:祝. 列车员在火车票上打孔。
惊，使大吃一惊【同astonish】77w? ote-
/i.①猛击分如衫处.cr抑nc/i打某人一拳
cision astounded everyone.法官的判決复惊
② the power to interest people 力置，感染力，
了所有人。
活力 The speech was O.K. but it had m> real
那个演讲还行，但缺乏感染力 appall /9p〇：i/
③ 穿孔机to/e pmic々打孔器 vt. to cause (sb.) to feel fear, shock, or disgust
使惊骇，使大吃一惊 77紀？ ictea 0/
归类卡片：各种“打”法
ctw^ncr/5/or/wr me 杀死动物取其毛
slap掌掴 punch拳打 kick脚踢
皮的想法令我不寒而栗
club棒打 whip鞭打
【派生】appalling 〇• 骇人的，可怕的
•286.专四真题 where 发出（光等）77祕 ccmdtes a sq/i
分Zok; ow 螬烛在她的脸上映着一层柔光：
The cries of 561 slaves and crew were ap：
④流出，流下s/ied仏ars流泪" Tfow; mwc/i
palling beyond description.
blood will be shed before the fighting ends?
译文：561个奴隶和船上船员的哭喊声令人感到
要死伤多少人战争才能结束？
毛骨悚然，简直无法形容；
//. Please put your bicycles in the bicycle
colony /kolem/ 请把自行车放到车棚里。
n. ① 殖民地 a 份分is/i 【用法】过去式、过去分词shed
澳大利亚以前是英国殖民地
sentiment /sentiment/
② （侨民等）聚居区 are C/iiwese
/i.①an opinion or feeling you have about sth.
cotonies in Scm /^cmcisco•在旧金山有很多
意见、 M 点 It is my sentiment that we
中国侨民聚居区// an artists，colony艺豕
shou丨d vote against the motion.我的意 JJi A
家聚居区
我们应该对这个动议投反对票
③ （动 植 物 的 ）群 体 ，集 群 a co/ow2/ 仏 一
②feelings of love, sympathy, kindness, etc.
个蚂蚁群
感情，情绪 Sentiment should be controlled by
【派生】colonial a•殖民地的// colonialist /!•殖民
reason.感情应受理智的控制。
主义者仏殖民主义的
【派生】sentimental a• 情感的，情绪的
dispatch/despatch /di'spaetj/
distress /distres/
vt. to send sb. or sth. somewhere for a partic-
n. ①a feeling of extreme unhappiness 痛 苦 价
ular purpose派遣，调遗，发 送 Wie M 抓 ar-
complains more from habit than from gen-
ranged for the goods to be dispatched to
wiwe 他抱怨是出于习惯，而并非真正
2/ow once. 我们已为立即向贵方发运商品做
遭遇了什么痛苦。
好了准备，
② suffering and problems caused by a lack
/!•①(公文）急件，电文a dispa纪fc/rom 句war-
of money, food etc. ^ SI He has gy^eat com-
妙s从总部发来的电文
passion/〇?• people in dist?*ess•他很同情贫困
©(记者发回的）新闻报道Jn 〇狀ctopa£c/i/rom
的人。
New York， negotiators were said to be close
③ a situation when a ship, aircraft etc. is in
to an agreement纽约消息，据说谈判代表们
danger and needs help 危难 77祕汾 feboaf
意见快要达成一致了。
went out to a ship in distress.故支艇去教
③派遗，调遗 The dispatch of military forces
一艘遇险的船只。
did not seem likely at that time.当时似乎
vr.使痛苦，使悲伤 J’m rmic/i digressed to
不可能派遣军队了。
neirs 〇/ ㈣ ctea仇听到她去世的消息我很
shed /Jed/ 难过。
【派生】distressingly a.令人苦恼的；使人痛苦的
vt. ® to lose (leaves,
skin, fur, etc.) natu-
suppress /se.pres/
rally 脱落 frees
【助记】sup(under)+press(压)一►压下去一► 镇压
shed their leaves in
vt. ®to stop people from opposing the govern
aw如?mi. 许多树在秋
ment, esp. by using force ^ B. The demon
天落叶。
stration was suppressed by the police. 游才亍
©to get rid of sth.
示成遭到警方镇压。
that you no longer
② to prevent sth. from being published or
need or want 摆脱，去掉 re-
made known 禁止发表 The local authority
location as an opportunity to shed jobs, i午
sw/)j>r從sed newspaper. 当局查禁了这家报纸
多公司利用迁址的机会取消不需要的职位。
③ to stop yourself from showing your feel-
®to send light over sth.; let light fall some-
•287.ings抑制（感情等），忍 住 价 cow/d 吻/ 专四真题
⑼s a tow,妙.他忍不住要笑出声来
Either put it to the test yourself, or help
④to prevent sth. from growing, developing,
out someone who is trying to travel hope
or from working effectively 阻止…的生长（或发
fully with his thumb outstretched.
展） The i)lms suppresses the body’s im-
译文：你可以自己尝试，也可以帮助那些想去旅
该病毒能抑制身体的免疫系统
行而竖起拇指想搭车的满怀希望的人„
【派生】suppression «• 制止；镇压；査禁
mutual /*mju：tju8i/
mischief /'mist; if/
a• ① 相 互 的
【助记】mis (bad)+chief(发生)一>恶作剧
suck are the gates of Paradise•相互宽容对
/z•① 恶作剧 Wwi/ are wp to? 你
方的缺点，乃是通向天堂之门
在捣什么鬼？
② 共 同 的 共 同 的 努 力 /
之淘气，调皮 Her brown eyes glimmered
共同的利益
m/iSe/以冰她的眼睛里闪着调皮的神情
③损害 The storm did much fnischief to the reciprocal /ri'siprakal/
crops.那次暴风雨对农作物造成了重大损害
【助记】re(相互)+cip(拿)+rocal— 相互收取优惠的―
【短语】get into mischief胡闹，捣蛋
互惠的
【派生】mischievous a•恶作剧的
a .互惠的，交互的 Suck treaties pivvide recipro
cal lights and obligations. 这一协议提供 了 ：$■
frank /fraeijk/
惠的权利和义务。
仏 honest and truthful 坦白的，直率的 Kow s/wmW
have been frank with m e.你&该对A 良说的 Wrap /raep/
【派生】frankly M • 坦臼地，直率地
vt.包， M You’d better wrap it with a piece of
ctecm do你.你最好用一块干净的布把它包起来
blunt /bUnt/
/I. 披肩，围巾
a .① 钝 的 ，不锋利的【反 sharp】Wzm/ sctesors纯
【短语】keep sth* under wraps将某讲保密，不公开
的剪刀
② speaking in an honest way even if this ribbon /'riban/
upsets people $ S W I'm rather blunt in w.丝 带 ；（打 印 机 等 的 ）色 带 //er ftair was fieri
我说话很直率 back with a black silk ribbon. 地的头复用黑、
③ （感 觉 、理 解 方 面 ）迟 钝 的 Too mwdi a/cotoZ 丝带扎在后面。
made the young driver’s senses blunt.过量
饮酒使得那个年轻司机感觉迟钝， weave /wi：v/
以. ①使迟 钝 ，使减弱Wim? ccm 6/2/11/ /心s⑼汾?s. vt• ①织，编 Most spiders weave webs that are
酒会使感觉迟饨 dmo对 大 多 教 物 蛛 结 成 的 网 几 乎 是
②使纯Wood ccm Wwn/ "owr tm?.木头会使 看不见的 // My grandma wove the straw
你的斧头变钝 mto ftate. 奶奶用稻草编了两顶草帽
②编造（故事等）77说 W ⑹
thumb /0Am/ 6〇从这个故事是那个小男孩编出来的
"•姆指 She bit the tip of her left, thumb.地咬 【用法】过去式wove,过去分间woven
着左手的大拇指头
v/.①示意要求搭车77犯 沒 to a foundation /faun'dei/an/
h/Ho AirA s. 他们设法搭便车到达巴黎 【助记】found (建立）+ation— 建立
② to turn the pages of (a book, magazine, /?• ①[/?/.]地基ta?/ 执^/cmwctoHo似打地基
etc.) quickly (~//ir⑽幺/z)迅速翻阅 Fcm 〇收/^ ② sth. (such as an idea, a principle, or a
to thumb through this art book sometime. fact) that provides support for sth• 基础，基本
你应该找时间浏览一下这本美术书 原理，根据 That mm〇7•丨ms no foundation
【短语】all thumbs笨T•笨脚 m /<〕以. 那谋传没有事实根据// A//
•288slwuld be built on a foundation of factual shabby /jaebi/
切一切理论都应当建立在事实知识的 • ① 破 旧 的 tote/ room^s•破旧的旅馆房间
基础上。 ②衣衫褴褛的，衣着寒酸的OWcterWto, /oofe
③ 基金会the Ford Fomidation福特基金会 rather shabby in that shabby old dress.反姑
④ 建立，设立【同founding】77紹 / 沿 各 娘穿着那件破旧的裙子显得很寒酸
been famous for medical studies ever since ②卑SP的 a s/w?心6办 從 卑 劣 的 措 口
认s /owmtortow. 这所大学自创建以来就以医学
rag /raeg/
研究而闻名。
w . ①破布，抹布cm —块沾满油污的抹布
project /prodjekt/
n.
/pra*d3ekt/
vt. ②[/)/」破旧衣服 77?必 ^ggorr ims iw
【助记】pro(forward) +ject(扔)一>•向前扔出一► 投射 ra^rs.那个乞丐衣衫播褛
w.①方案，计划 a prq/ed 执 【短语】in rags穿若 破 烂 // from rags to riches
行/提出方案
白手起家
② 课题 t 项目 The research project was cmly 【派生】ragged a•破旧的
a success. 那个研究课题只取得部分成功
burden /b3：dan/
③ 工程the Hope Project希望工程
v/.伸出，凸出 Mrifc />*om w;a// w. ①重负，负 荷 M m e
may tear your clothes.队墙雙凸出的対子可 knows the weight of
能会划破你的衣服 another’s burden. 看
人挑担不吃力
① 投射，放映 77w?/iZm on 沁
②sth. difficult or wor
《to screen.电影被投影在屏幕上
rying that you are re*
② 使伸出 77紹 w;a// is 执衫 mid-
sponsible for 重担，精
rf/e.墙壁的中部凸了出来。
③ 规划，设计 ComW 2/ow projecZ a new; mar- _ 负担 His illness placed an i?itolei，able
keting technique for us? ^ 4k ^1] ^ — burden on his family.也的病给奪良带笨
种新的营销策略吗？ 无法承受的负担，，
【派生】 projector /I•投影机,幻灯机 vt.①加重压于 Don’t burden your memory with
/狀故不要费劲记这些没用的事实
settlement /setlment/ ②装载【同丨oad 】 h/rctewM //w? /rwcA：
//.①解决 the settlement of a dispute 解決:争端 6(mawas. 我们把香蕉装上卡车
(2)an official agreement or decision that ends 【派生】burdensome •沉重的
an argument between two sides 协议，决定
专四真题
Martin lost the house in their divorce set-
Schools are routinely burdened with the job
(tement马丁在他们的离婚协议中失去了房子。
of solving all our social problems.
③移民，开拓此？ s扣此说挪/ 〇/ American
译文：人们常常习惯将解决社会所有问题的重担
美国西部的开拓过程
【派生】settler «.定居者：殖民者 让学校承担,
•289.典型考题精练
1. Though rich, he was better off than at any other period in his life.
A. by any means B. by some means C. by all means D. by no means
2. Within two days, the army fired more than two hundred rockets and missiles at military ______ in
the coastal city.
A. goals B. aims C. targets D. destinations
3. Companies are struggling to find the right ______ between supply and demand, but it is no easy
task.
A. equation B. formula C. balance D. pattern
4. The group of technicians are engaged in a study which_____ all aspects of urban planning.
A. inserts B. huggs C. performs D. embraces
5. Within minutes the area was with officers who began searching a nearby wood.
A. ganging B. herding C. flocking D. swarming
6. Britain has the highest of road traffic in the world— over 60 cars for every mile of road.
A. popularity B. density C. intensity D. prosperity
7. He found the media attention intolerable and decided to go abroad.
A. sufficient B. constant C. steady D. plenty
8. All the key words in the article are printed in type so as to attract readers’ attention.
A. dark B. bold C. dense D. black
9. The wooden cases must be secured by overall metal strapping so that they can be strong enough
to stand rough handling during ______.
A. transit B. motion C. shift D. traffic
10. The institution has a highly effective program which helps first year-students make a
successful ______ into college life.
A. transformation B. transmission C. transition D. transaction
11. Professor Smith explained the movement of light______ that of water.
A. by analogy with B. by virtue of C. in line with D. in terms of
12. Mary became ______ homesick and critical of the United States, so she fled from her home in
west Bloomfield to her hometown in Austria.
A. mildly B. sincerely C. absolutely D. increasingly
13. Back in the days when people traveled by horse and carriage, Karl Benz ______ the world with
his extraordinary three-wheeled motor vehicle.
A. trembled B. extinguished C. appalled D. stunned
14. The company management attempted to ______ information that was not favorable to them, but
it was all in vain.
A. suppress B. supplement C. concentrate D. plug
15. Writing poetry ______ her from the routine of everyday life.
A. liberated B. emancipated C. banned D. restricted
16. Some fashion magazines gave girls unhealthy______ that they need to be thin in order to be
considered beautiful.
A. image B. sentiment C. burden D. notion
17. A taxi firm called AA cars has a big advantage over ZZ cars when customers ______ through
their phone directories.
A. palm B. thumb C. refer D. consult
•290.18. The two colleges have a(n) ______ arrangement whereby students from one college can attend
classes at the other.
A. external B. odd C. reciprocal D. peculiar
19. Their differences are only secondarily about policy; they hold each other's values in ______.
A. contempt B. esteem C. honor D. disdain
20. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been for months as shoppers cut their
spending.
A. soaring B. lagging C. melting D. increasing
21. The survivors eventually returned home safe, ragged, half-starved, and exhausted. The underlined
word means _______•
A. sound B. distressing C. shabby D. mischievous
22. In most Asian cultures, people tend to hold their emotions in check and try not to be
and avoid making direct criticisms.
A. blunt B. sincere C. frank D. straightforward
g 答案与译文
1. [D]尽管说不上富裕，但他比生命中以往的任何时期境况都要好一些..
2. [C]两天之内，军队向那个沿海城市的军事目标发射了两百多枚火箭和导弹。
3. [C]各家公司都在努力寻找供需之间恰当的平衡，但是这项任务十分艰巨。
4. [D]这组技术人员正忙于一项涉及到城市规划的所有方面的研究_
5. [D]几分钟之内这个地方挤满了警官，他们开始搜查附近的一片树林：
6. [B]英国的道路交通密度是世界上最大的—— 每英里的道路上有60多辆车。 .
7. [B]媒体对他的不断关注使他无法忍受，因此他决定出国3
8. [B]文幸中所有的关键词都用粗体字印刷，以便吸引读者的注意。
9. [A]这些木箱外面必须要用金属条加固，这样才够结实，能经得起搬运过程中的折腾：>
10. [C]这个学院有一个课程相当有效果，可以帮助一年级的学生成功过渡到大学生活。
11. [A]史密斯教授根据水的运动类推解释光的运动。
12. [D]玛丽越来越想家，越来越看不惯美国，所以她从西布鲁姆费尔德的家逃回自己在奥地利的故乡。
13. [D]在人们还在使用马车作为交通工具的时代，卡尔.本茨的奇特的机动三轮车震惊了整个世界：
14. [A】公司的管理层企图压制对他们不利的信息，不过没有成功。
15. [A]写诗使她从日常生活的例行公事中解脱出来c
16. [D]时尚杂志向女孩们传达“瘦即是美”这一不健康的观念。
17. [B]当顾客翻寻电话号码簿时，名字为A A 的出租车公司比名为ZZ的公司更有优势=
18. [C]两所学院有一项互惠协定，允许学生在院际间选课=
19. [A]双方在政策上的分歧还只是次要的，他们鄙视的是彼此的价值观。
20. [B]由于消费者削减开支，从汽车贸易到盖普（Gap)时装直销，几个月来销售额一直在下降。
21. 丨C ] 这些幸存者最终安全归来，衣衫褴褛、饿得半死、筋疲力尽。下划线部分是什么意思？
22. [A]在多数亚洲文化中，人们往往抑制自己的情感，说话尽可能不那么率直，避免直接批评。
.291 •专©次常
考词汇
□aside □classify □mute □mingle □amaze □orient
□threshold □source □cripple □murmur □scenery □stripe
□resume □bait □handicap □stitch □landscape □strap
□log □ summon □lame □paste □unfold □lace
□embark □pretext □wretched □amuse □grand □antique
□exile □testimony □remedy □neighbourhood □fantasy □exquisite
□deport □exert □compartment □likelihood □fascinate □compact
□boundary □assault □nasty □rocket □fancy □delete
□shuttle □escort □coward □orbit □charm □insert
□commute □parade □fright □abstract □valid □sweat
□salvage □troop □horror □paradox □invalid □rub
□prey □inward □skeleton □puzzle □vessel □wrinkle
□jungle □parallel □expectation □intent □propel □frown
□panic □paralyze/-yse □oppress □concession □mission □sniff
□classic □grope □breed □peril □venture □yawn
□classical □limp □merge □loom □coi\j unction □toddle
aside /esaid/ 后我们重新升始工作 // Peace talks wiU
ad•在旁边 You must put aside any idea of a hol- /om〇7T〇w;.明天将继续和平对话
iday /Ms 2/⑽r. 你得把今年要度假的想法撇开 w .①摘要mcf/cM/raw; wp a 作似⑽写一个摘要
【短 语 】aside from除…之外 ②简历 The girl e-mailed her resume to the
【用法】短语与apart from —样，有时等同于except 女孩把自己的简历邮寄给了用人单位
for.有时等同于 in addition to, besides。
log /Ing/
threshold /'Srejhauid/ 【助记】Blog是web log(网络日志）的缩写
【助 记
】thres(踩踏）+hold(阻挡)—将踩踏的脚步阻 n, ①原木 The cabin was built of logs.这小 &
挡在外—门槛 是用原木建造的。
/I. ① n 滥 He paused on the threshold befo?，e ②航海I或飞行）3 志 The captain described the
按门传前他在门口停了 accident in the ship’s log.船长在航海日志中
下来 描述了这次事故
②开端 The treaty will be the threshold of vt. to make an official record of events, facts etc.
peace.这个条约将成为持久和平的开端 JE 式记录 By mid-July the INS had logged
【短 语 】 on the threshold o f 即 将 开 始 *S7祕 ow/沒7? a仲Kcalio似. 到7 月中旬为止，移民
on the threshold of a new life.她即将开始 归化局正式记录在案的申请仅为72个
新的生活 【短语】log in/out进入/退出计算机系统
resume /ri'zjuim/ /*rezjumei/ /i. embark /imba:k/
V.
【助记】re(again) + sume(拿)一► 再度令起—ffi新 开 始 【助记】em(in)+bark(船)一►上船
v. to begin to do or pursue (sth.) again after a vi, ®to begin a journey esp. on a ship or airplane
pause or interruption(中断后）重新开始，恢复 上船(或飞机、汽车等）阶 em6crr/^d加Z^erpoo/
We resumed our work after a rest,休息之 /or Afew; For/c.我们在利物浦上船前往纽约
•292.dto start sth., esp. sth. new, difficult or exciting commute /ka'mjuit/
upon)开始工作 The railways are about vi. to regularly travel a long distance to get to
to embark on a major programme, ik 路部 work通勤，经常乘车往返于两地S/祕 cor^
门将要开始一个大项目 mutes from Oxford to London every day.
【派生】disembark v•下船，卸（货） 她每天往返于牛津和伦敦之间
vt.①to change a punishment to a less severe
exile /egzail/
one 减（刑）77祀 sew如ice ?i;os ta to.
n . 流放；被流放者drive m/o 流放某
ed to 这个判决后来减为
人 // Some of his best works were written
终身监禁。
祕肪i n 從说.他的一些最好的作品
② to change one kind of payment for
是在他流亡期间写的。
another J抬 //e cowimwted 始 pe似ion /or a
vt. to force sb. to leave their country, esp. for
sum. 他把按时分期领取的退休金改为一
political reasons 3S Napoleon was once
次领清。
exited to the island of St. Helena.拿故仑曾
/I.上 下 班 交 通 commw/必 々 5
被放逐到圣赫勒拿岛。
minWes.我早上在上班路上要花45分钟。
deport /dip〇：t/
salvage /saeivid3/
【助记】de(away)+port(运送)一>把…驱逐出境
n .菅救、抢救，救援 The salvage of tM wreck will
vt to force (a person who is not a citizen) to leave
從/cs.打榜遇难船要费几个星期的时间。
a country把…驱逐出境77犯s仍/ rfepork
v t.救助，菅救 The team’s task was to
ed/rom执e 间谍被驱逐出境。
decide what equipment could be salvaged.
boundary /baundari/ 该队的首要任务是决定要枪救出什么设备。
【助记】bound(范围）+ary(表场所)一►界限
prey /prei/
n. the real or imaginary line that marks the
w.①捕获物 A/ice cmd sma// are
edge of a state, country etc., or the edge of
他？ ow;/’s pre^/.老鼠以及其他小动物都是猫头
an area of land that belongs to sb.边界，界
鹰的捕食物
限 The river marks the boundary between
②受害者 He， with his simplicUy and
如;o r印fioTts. 这条河是这两个地区的分界
inexperience， was an easy prey for
戌。 // the country’s boundcrry line 笛界
/emates.由于单纯而缺乏经验，他常
常轻易成为野心勃勃女子的牺牲品。
shuttle /'jAti/
W•①to hunt and kill (sth.) for food (〜⑽）捕食
w .① 短 程 穿 梭 运 行 的 飞 机 to ito对cm
Cate cm mice. 猫捕食老鼠
o n 我将乘穿梭班机去波士顿
②to make sb. worry 折磨 77犯 accirfenf /ww?
② 航天飞机 The U.S. rmde the first space
been preying on my mind all week.那次事
in 美国制造了世界上第一
故使我整个星期都惴惴不安
架航天飞机。
【短语】fall prey to成为…的牺牲品，深受…之害
③ I 织机的)梭子 The shuttle flies back and forth
ow toom.织布机上梭子来回飞动、 jungle f^gi/
vL to travel frequently between two places 穿梭 w. ①(热带 > 丛 林 *w;a?/crre丛林战
般来回 cmd cars 5/m成 ②SL七八糟的一堆 yowr fo sorH/ircm冰
/ro on 公路上卡车和汽车正来 the jungle of ivelfay'e regulations.你的任务
回奔驰穿梭。 是把一堆纷繁的福利条例加以分类整理。
vt. to move people from one place to another
panic /paemk/
place that is fairly near短程穿梭运送阶
n .恐慌 SARS or atypical pneumonia once
shuttled the passengers to the city center by
caused a great panic among people•非與盤性
我们来来回回地用直升机把旅客运
肺炎曾引起人们极大的恐慌。
送到市中心。
•293v. to suddenly feel so source /s〇：s/
frightened that you w.①the place where a stream or river starts
cannot think clearly or 源、（泉），发源地 the sources of the Nile 尼罗
behave sensibly, or to 河的发源地
make sb. do this (使） (Da thing, place, activity etc. that you get sth.
恐 慌 【反 calm】77⑷
from 来源 Milk is a very good source of
gunfire panicked the
牛奶里含有丰富的钙
如％炮声使婴儿受到惊
③the cause of sth.，esp. a problem, or the
叮 // The crowd panicked al the sound of
place where it starts 根源 MV 從 /oimd z/w?
//祕 听 到 爆 炸 声 ，人们惊慌失措
source of the trouble—a faulty connection.
【用法】过去式、过去分词panicked
我们已找出故障的原因—— 有一个接头接错了。
专四真题 @ a person, book, or document that supplies
you with information 出处 When writing an
They are not panicking yet, but as the job
academic article, always list your sources.
rejections mount up, they are beginning to
feel alarmed.
写学术论文时，一 定要列出资料来源。
译文：目前，他们还没有感到恐慌，但随着求职
bait /beit/
之路不断受挫，他们将开始感到惊慌不安
【助记】等着(wait)fe儿来吃饵(bait)
w. ①馆 The fisk wouldn’t take the bait•灸不
Classic /klaesik/
会上钩。
a. ①最优秀的mocteni dossil 於rs当代第一
(2)诱慈物 The customer takes th€ bait and
流的作家
that’s it，you’ve got another sale•顾客受 7
② 典型的a c/assic ctes句71经典设计
诱惑，这一来你又做成了一笔生意。
③ 传统式样的a c/assic 传统式样的
v厶①装馆于77泌/mw仏r baito/ 对•猎人
雨衣
在陷阱里下了诱饵。
n .①文学名著 Tale of Two Cities is my favorite
② 故意激怒 Goodman ivfmed to be baited
《双城记》是我最喜爱的英国文
into saying anything bad about his co-star.
学名著。
古德曼没有被激怒，对与他共同演出的明星没作
② 优秀的典范 Her beauty has been the eter-
任何负面评价c .
wa/ dassie.她的美丽将成为永恒的经典
③ [pL]古典文学 the classics of Chinese liter-
summon /sAmen/
a如r e 中国古典文学名著
vl (Dto officially order sb. to come to a meeting,
classical /klaesikal/ a court of law etc.召唤，传唤//e ims smnmon-
a ,古典的，经典的 The Forbidden City is typicaUy ed to appear in court as a witness.他被传
Chinese classical architecture.紫樂成是典盤
唤出庭作证。
的中国古典建筑。 (Dto try very hard to have enough of sth. such
as courage, energy, or strength, because you
【辨析】形近词classical, classic
need it鼓起（勇气），振作（精神）价 cowW
classical:指历经时间考验的，传统的，优秀的
hardly summon the strength to stand up.
classic:指质量等一流的、最佳的；或文学作品、
他几乎连站起来的力气都没有了 3
人物等典型的
— — —— —— - ③ to arrange for a meeting to take place and
classify /'klaesifai/ order people to come to it 召 集 ，召开 swm-
vr. 把…分类，把…分 级 Wfeafes are cfc脱访ed os mon the shareholders to a general meeting
mammals rather than fish .綠被归为％ 乳动 开股东大会
物，而不是鱼类d 【短语】summon sth. up鼓起（勇气），振作（精神）
【派生】classification /!• 分类；类别 // classified 仏 【派生】summons /!•传 票 ，用传票传唤
分类的;保密的
•294.pretext /pri:tekst/ Itxilian football team paraded the football
【助记】pre (before)+text (编织)—提前编好“借口” /idd.当意大利足球队列队出场时，一些观众尖
/i•借口 Don’t always use a headache as a 4 妓耒 // Officers will parade through the
pretext for not going to school!不要老以头痕 cew以u 军官们将列队经过市中心。
为借口不上学！
troop /tru:p/
testimony /testimam/ w• ① [常尸/.】军队 7Voops 祕ere iw to
【助记】testi (证据）+n〗ony—►证据 ^ riote. 军队被派去制止暴乱
n. ①证词 The grand jury today heard testi ②一群 a troop of children — 群孩子
mony from numerous witnesses. 大陪审团今 v人 成 群 结 队 而 行 77叫/ looped craai/ Zo
天听取了众多证人的证词a /〇〇沩a// ^rame他们成群地去看足球。
②证据，证明 77iese reswto are a 仏 to
inward /'inwed/
2/owr Ziard 这些成果是你辛勤劳动的证明
【助记】in+ward(方向）— 向内
exert /igz3:t/ a.内心的；里面的 a/eeKn分 o/inimrd sato/ac-
vt. ®to make a strong physical or mental effort tion 内心的满足感 // The expl〇7*ers dicovered
尽[力）、努 fj If you exert all your strength an immni passa供.探险队员发现了一条内部
can mo挪 认 roc/c.如果你使出所有力 通道。
气，就能移走那块岩石= ad.[-⑴】向 内 77说 door ⑽加似乜， in-
②to use your power, influence etc. in order
⑷ard.这扇门向外开，不向内幵。
to make sth_ happen运用，施加（压力等1
Photography has exerted a profound parallel /paeralel/
on art摄影对艺术产生了重大影响。 【助记】para(旁边）+llel— 在彼此的旁边—并列的
【短语】exert oneself努力，尽力 n. ①相似处 are /ew; para/tete
the American football and European foot-
assault /esoiit/
6a//.美式橄榄球和欧洲足球没有什么相似之处。
v/. to attack sb. in a violent way 猛烈地攻击
②平行线；纬线
Policemen were assaulted by demonstrators.
a .①平行的；并列的；xmz/teZ /in你平行线
警察遭到示成者的袭击。
②类似的 Stamp collecting and coin collect-
"•攻击 There are many violent assaults in
are para/te/ Ziobfei從.集邮和收藏硬币是
Jerusalem between the Israelites and
相似的爱好。
似.耶路撒冷常常爆发以色列人与巴
以 to be similar or equal to (sth.)与…相似,与…相
勒斯坦人的暴力冲突。
当，比得上 Does the geology of Ma?，s parallel
escort /'eskoit/ n. /i'sko:t/ vt. in any way that of Earth? 火 i 和也床的it质
n 者 When the head of a state pays a visit，
状况有什么相似之处吗？ /iVo one panifZfeZ衫d
there will always be a group of escorts. 国 处^ success in 没有人能与他在商业
家元首出访时，总合有大批护卫者 上的成功相匹敌。
vt to take sb. somewhere, esp. when you are 【派生】unparalleled a• 无比的，空前的
protecting or guarding them ^4 group of
专四真题
soldiers escorted the President. —队 士兵护
卫着总统。 It is a place where the ancient and con
temporary happily go along on parallel
parade /pa'reid/
tracks.
/i.游行，检阅a mi汾err?/ parade军事检阅// a
译文：在这里，远古与现代和谐并行
lector?/ 庆祝胜利的游行
v. to walk or march together to celebrate or paralyze/-yse /paeroiaiz/
protest about sth.列队行进，游行 〇/
【助记】para(旁边）+lyze(放松）一► 身体因松弛而倒
the audience began to scream when the
向一边—使擁换
-295-vt.①使擁银 Mr. Smith had been paralyzed by [谚】近朱者赤，近墨者黑a
cr Wro/ce.史密斯先生中风淹痪了。 v/.①使跋 She was crippled in the car acci-
② to make sth. unable to operate normally de加. 她在车祸中受伤致残。
使丧失作用 77犯 /ai/wre ② to damage sth. badly so that it no longer
/心 Zrarn senrice电力中断使得列车无法运行。 works or is no longer effective 严重削弱 Asia’s
③ 使惊愕，使呆若木鸡//e 执 economy ivas once crippled by inflation.亚
/error.他1T 得目睡口呆 洲的经济曾一度因为通胀陷入了瘫痪。
【派生】paralysis n•瘫換
handicap /'haendikaep/
grope /graup/ n. (I)缺陷 Despite her handicap， Judy is able to
【助记】g+rope(绳子)— 抓住绳子，“暗中摸索” hold down a full-time job• 尽管‘邊有 i•理妹：
vi. ®to try to find sth. that you cannot see by 陷，她却能够保住一份全职工作。
feeling with your hands(〜>r, …暗中摸 ②障碍emo你na/ /wmdiccrp情绪障碍
索 He groped for the door handle in the vt to make it difficult for sb. to do sth. that they
darfc他在黑暗中摸索着找门把手 want or need to do 妨碍 Lacfc 〇/
②to try hard to find the right words to say capped him in his business badly.故少责金
or the right solution to a problem but without 对他的生意十分不利。
any real idea of how to do this (〜/or)探索，搜 【派生】handicapped a•有生理缺陷的
寻 She hesitated、 seeming to grope for
【词源】源于旧时名为hand in cap的賭博游戏，
她犹豫着，似乎在寻思该说些什么
因参加者将賭注放在帽子里而得名。17世纪时有
vt. to go somewhere by feeling the way with your
种赛马叫做handicap race,通常对胜算更大的
hands because you cannot see^I^ She blew
马加栽重量，使得胜机会均等此时handicap表
out the candle and groped her way into
示“让步”，被赋予了“不利条件，障碍”之义3
她吹灭了蜡烛摸黑上床
limp /limp/ lame /leim/
a. ①软弱的，无生气的a Wmp 没精打采 a .①痕的 Lame from the accident， he walked
执 a ccm^.在一次事故中变跛了后，他只能拄
的)L 良 // His limp body collapsed forward.
他软弱的身体向前瘫倒了 着拐杖走路了。
②软的a 软皮书 ②weak and difficult to believe 站不住脚的
vi•满 M He limped off the football field.他一療i Sleeping late is a lame excuse for being
一招地走出足球场。 切. 睡过了头不能成为迟到的充足理由。
n .破行He walks with a limp.他走起路朱一痛
wretched /ret J id/
一招a
a•① very unhappy, ill, etc.极不愉快的，可怜的
mute /mju：t/ The little boy who broke his father’s vase
a.①減默的 He’s mute on the subject of social stood /Ziere ttre化k d . 那个小男孩打烂了他爸
他对社会制度的问题保持沉默。 爸的花瓶，可怜巴巴地站在那里。
② 哑的 The child has been mute since bi7，th. ② very bad or unpleasant令人苦恼的，讨厌的
那孩子生来就是哑巴 Wfeaf 泌d 多么讨厌的天气！
③ （字母 1 不发音的 The word “debt” contains ③ very poor in quality or ability 拙劣的 77於
a mwte /⑽汾•.在办6/这个词中有一个不发音 hotel food was absolutely wretched.这家旅
的字母U 馆的饭菜糟透了。
vl to make (a sound) softer or quieter 消除（声
音] The traffic noise was muted by the heavy r e m e d y "emidi/
【助记】re+medy(治疗)一►治疗
drapes.厚厚的窗帘成弱了车辆的味音
n•①补救办法 A good night’s sleep would be the
cripple /knpl/ best remedy for your headache.好好地睡一
n•敏子 He that lives with cripples learns to limp. 晚是治疗你头痛的最好方法。
•296.②药& ，治疔法 the best 7’emedy againsL•防治 skeleton /skelitan/
…的妙方
ri•①骨務 He was reduced almost to skeleton by
vt. ®to deal with a problem or improve a bad situ- //紹ittness. 因为这场病他瘦得只剩皮包骨了
ation 补救 77^ cowM 助丨 reme- ®a basic outline of a plan, piece of writing, etc.
died. 情况已无可挽回 框 架 ，梗 概 /’v e //说 sfcete/on 〇/
②to relieve or cure (a disease or disorder) report， but I have to fill in the details.我
医治，治疔remedy bad eyesight矫正视力 已写出报告的梗概，但我必须补充细节
compartment /kam'paitmant/ expectation /.ekspek'teijsn/
【助记】0〇1丨〗(\^11)叩011(分开）+1^11卜>隔间 【助记】ex (out) +pect(肴）+ation—►向外养一► 期待
/J.卧车包房，隔间；分隔的空间5饥0以71分^5/〇广 n .①期待，预 期 M r n y 汍in沢 in owr are
bidden in the air-conditioned compaitments. 6巧/owd cmr eayec切《?:〇从我们生活中很多事情
空调车厢内严禁吸烟， 都是意想不到的
②[^】前 程 a ^/own众man tui认分rea/似pec-
nasty /na：sti/
/如iems有远大前程的年轻人
a .①令人讨厌的【同disgusting】 room /?似
【派生】expectancy w• 预料，期待
a ⑽ nas/^/ 这房间有一股很难闻的气味
② 难弄的a probtem难题 Oppress /apres/
③ 严重的cr nas勿 accicten/严重事故 【助记】op(against)+press(压)一►对…施加压力一► 压迫
④ 下流的 It is the nasty profit motive at vt. (Dto treat (a person or group of people) in a
pto.2/.是銀般的利益动机在作祟 cruel or unfair way/lii In feudalistic soci
eties, the working people were ojrpi'essed by
coward /kauad/
在封建社会，劳动人民受到皇帝的压迫
w. 胆 小鬼，懦 夫 }’〇//
@to make sb. feel unhappy, worried, or uncom-
miserable coward! if、
fortable 使（心情等}沉重 4 sense o/frow&te a-
这可怜的胆小鬼！
o外?ressed spirite. 前面的重重困难
【派生】cowardly a•怯懦
使我心情沉重。
的，胆小的
【派生】oppressive仏 压迫的；抑郁的
fright /trait/
breed /bri：d/
w•① a feeling of fear 恐怖，恐惧，害怕 77祕 cfciZd
【助记】没有面包(bread)就养（breed)不活孩子
was wild with fright and began to scream.
种 ，品种 flwrer/ 以 produces a 对nm分 awd
这孩子吓坏了，开始尖叫
fcr從d 〇/ peopte. 农村生活造就了 一群身
②the feeling you have when sth. frightens
体强壮且性格坚軔的人
you惊吓，震惊 You gave me suck a fright
vi. to produce young animals, birds, etc•繁殖，产
ere印加分wp cm m e 似⑷//wi//你偷偷朝我凑过
{〒 Rats breed quickly.老氣繁值迅^逢
来，吓了我一跳。
vA ①词养，繁殖 commercia//^/ 6m/ cmima/s 商
【派生】frightful a• 可怕的，骇人的
业化繁殖的动物
horror /'hor©/ ② to take care of and teach 养育，培育 //e 私 a
n. ①a strong feeling of shock and fear 恐怖，震 well-bred boy.他是一个有良好教养的男孩
③ to cause or lead to (sth.)酿成乂
惊【同 terror】 //orror /i/m^ rmiAe 2/⑽r 你各办
craw;/.恐怖影片令人毛骨悚然 breeds his failure.傲慢造成他的失敗
② to be afraid of sth. or dislike it very much 【用法】过去式、过去分词bred:
憎 恶 价 似 a torror o/sncrAes.他非常怕蛇
merge /m3：d3/
③ 令人恐怖的事物(或人）//扮* sow is a
v. to combine, or to join things together to form
你 /wrror. 她儿子是个不折不扣的小淘气
one thing(使）结合，（使）合 并 执 与 …
【派生】horrify v• 使恐怖；使籐惊// horrible a•恐
合并 // The steel trusts merged yarious small
怖的；糟透的
•297-從. 钢铁托拉斯联合兼并了许多小企业。 spectators.小丑的工作就是逗观众开心。
【派生】amusement/I•喜乐；娱乐；文娱活动
mingle /miggi/
v . ①to combine or bring together two or more neighbo(u)rhood /Vieibahud/
things(使）混合 执 ner- 【助记】neighbour(邻居）+hood(表状态）一►四邻
vousness 1 共奋叉繁私 // The smeU of perfume w.①四邻77祕 noise upset the entire neighbor-
and sweat mingled in the air.空气中香水味 ftood.噪声闹得整个街坊四邻心烦意乱。
和汗臭味混在一起。 ②邻近地区 //e /tad commi说d seumz/ rob-
② to move around during a party, meeting, beries in the neighborhood.他已在附近犯下
etc., and talk with different people 相交往 77祕 了好几起抢劫案.
old woman didn't mingle much with peo- 【短语】in the neighborhood of在…附近，大约Afo
pte.那位老大大不大与人交往。 one lived in the neighborhood of this chem-
ica/p/anr没有人居住在这家化工厂的附近。
murmur /m3：m9/
v•①小声说 He began stroking her hair and likelihood /laiklihud/
gently murmuring her name.他开始抚摸她 【助记】likeli(可能）+hood(表状态)—可能性
的头发，喃喃地呼唤她的名字。 ri.可能，可能性 Probability/ is the mathematical
(D小 声 抱 怨 对…发牢骚 study of the likelihood of an event's occur-
③ 发出连续而低沉的声音77论 mnd mw- rence.概率是对一个事件发生的可能性的数学
mwred 汁ees.风穿过树林发出沙 研究。
沙声。
rocket /rokit/
/I.小声说,•小声抱怨；发出连续而低沉的声音
n. ik 箭 long-range rocket
accepted the fine without a murmur.他毫
远程火箭
无怨言地接受了罚金。
vi. to increase quickly and
stitch /stitj/ suddenly迅速上升Jn-
n. ①一针；缝法4 m “騰 ⑽ nine terest rates have
及时的一针顶日后的九针。（喻指：小洞不补大洞吃 rocketed as credit has
苦。） become scarce 由于存
②（肋部的）突然剧痛AJler jogging about a 款短缺，利率急速上涨。
mile， I suddenly got a stitch in my side.
orbit /.〇:bit/
我慢跑了大约一英里后，突然觉得肋部剧痛。
n. I 道 They successfully lofted a spaceship in-
vt•缝 Will you stitch a button on this shirt?请
to or6“. 他们成功地将一艘宇宙飞船射入轨道。
你在这件衬衫上缝一颗钮扣，好吗？
v . (绕…）做轨道运行 The earth o?i)its the sun
paste /peist/ ⑼汾义365.芝5 地球每365.25天绕大阳轨
w. 糊 ，浆糊 tooth paste 牙責 // Mother mixed 道运行一圈。, A ewer你必
the flour and water to a smooth paste.妈妈 有一架飞机在机场上空盘旋。
把面和水和成细润的面团。
abstract /'aebstrsekt/
vt. 祐' Please paste these sheets of paper togeth-
【助记】abs(away)+tract(拉)—提取
er.请把这几张纸枯在一起。
a•抽象（派）的 Fowr /ctea is too to zm-
amuse /a'mjurz/ cterstowd.你的想法太抽象了，令人难以理解
vf. (Dto make sb. laugh or smile 逗乐 n .摘要【同 summary】 ma/ce cm abstract of a
drawings amused the kids. A 的清轉固画把 speech将演说作一摘要
孩子们逗乐了。 vt. (Dto make a summary of the main parts of
②to make time pass in an enjoyable way, (an article, speech, etc.)做…的摘要 77祕 ern-
so that you do not get bored 给…提供娱乐 th〇7* abstracted his book.作者为他的书写了
【同 entertain】A down’s w to am从se 执6 内容提要
•298.(Dto remove sth. from somewhere Irons 【短语】to all intents (and purposes)几乎在一切方面
are abstracted from ore.铁是从矿石中提取的
concession /kansejan/
【短语】in the abstract抽象地，在理论上
【助记】con(— 起）+cess(让步）+ion—►妥协
【派生】abstraction /I•抽象；提取；心不在焉
n.①妥你 Negotiation is a process that con
paradox f paeradoks/ tains a series of concessions made by both
【助记】para(contrary to)+dox(观点)—看似对立的 parses.谈判是一个由双方的一系列让步组成
观点一> 似非而是的话 的过程。
/I.①似乎矛盾而（可能）正确的说法“More如占屹 ② 特许mining con從ssio似采^■权
less speed" is a well-known paradox. “欲速 ③ 承认，认可 There is a call for the conces-
则不达”是人们熟知的似非而是的隽语 s/on o/crertoin ri冰te.有人要求承认某些权利。
(D自相矛盾的人（或事物） Fbwr an5w;er吣
peril /peril/
question is fiM of paradox•你对这个问题的
w .严重的危险；危险的事物77祕 no
回答矛盾百出。
brakes_you 7ide it at your peril 达柄自行
【派生】paradoxical a.荒谬的
车没闸—— 你要骑可太危险了。
puzzle /pazI/
loom /lu:m/
v. ①to confuse (sb.)(使）迷惑 /fow;
织布机 I don’t know how to use a hand loom.
Egyptians built the pyramids still puzzles
我不知道怎样使用手工织布机。
scientists.古埃i及人是怎么違造金字珞的，这仍
vi. (Dto appear as a large unclear shape, esp.
使科学家迷惑不解。
in a threatening way 隐现 77祕 mcmntoinoits
(Dto solve a confusing or difficult problem by
island loomed on the horizon.那座巨大的岛
thinking about it carefully(ffi)^S I've been sii-
屿隐隐约约浮现在地平线上。
ting here puzzling about what to da A —
②to be about to happen 即将来临 Fina/ ea;-
在这里苦苦思索该怎么办。
ams are toomi叩. 期末考试正日益临近
n. ①智力测验，谜 crossword pwate纵横填字游
【派生】looming a• 隐现的，逼近的
戏
No one has yet succeeded in explain amaze /©meiz/
ing the puzzle of how life began, 还没有人
付• 使大为惊奇【同surprise】Wfe are a// ama之ed
能成功地解释生命的起源这个问题。
the mighty power of the naturei 对大自然的强
【短语】puzzle out苦苦思索而弄清楚（或解决）S/论
大力量，我们都惊叹不已。
managed to puzzle out the meaning of tha t long 【派生】amazing a.令（人)惊愕的
她总算把那个长句的意思搞摩出来了
【派生】puzzlement /!•迷惑// puzzling a•使迷惑的 scenery /siinari/
【助记】scene(风W)+ry(表总称）一►贤色
intent /intent/
w•①景色【同 landscape】Jn 如
【助记】in (tow ard)+tent (伸展)一♦•心朝某亊想一► 意图
scenery is very beautiful初春的景色分外失菊
/I. the thing that you plan to do or achieve 意
②舞台布景 They worked all night painting
風 She seemed to behave foolishly but with
scenes.他们整夜都在绘制舞台布景
分ood in如她的行为是有些鲁莽，但她的出发
【派生】scenic a• 风景（优美）的
点是好的
a. ① showing concentration or great attention landscape /laendskeip/
(〜on)专心的 Intent on her w〇7% she didn’t 【助记】land(陆地）+scape(景色）一►风景
notice “me.她专心工作，没有留意时间 w.风景；风景画；全 景 77祕 amazing landscape in
d)to be determined to do sth. or achieve sth. Tibet attracts countless tourists every year.西
藏那令人惊叹的美景每年都吸引了无数的游客
(-on)急切的 He’s intent on getting prorrwHon.
他一心想得到晋升。 // a /amtecape in 〇以风景油画
•299.vL 美化…泊景MThe courtyard is tastefully Uind- fancy /*faensi/
scaped with flowering.这是一个以雅趣我尼 v/•① to like or want sth., or want to do sth.喜
美化的庭院 欢 He is not at all the kind of man I fan-
C2/.他根本不是我所喜欢的人。
unfold Mn'fauld/
②to imagine (sth.)想象 //awc^z 认句/’re 分(?/-
【助记】un(not)+fold(折叠)—♦展开
ting on well with each other.我猜想他们相
v. ① to open sth. that is folded 展 开 ，打开
处得不错。
Chiara unfolded the map arid spi^ead it on
n. ①喜欢 have a fancy for travelling 热表旅行
/以 基 娅 拉 打 开 地 图 ，把它铺在桌子上,//
②imagination or sth. that you imagine 想象
Buds unfold in Uw sunshine.炎蕾彺阳先下
(力 >，幻想/s ii/ad or/anc^Z? 这是事实还是
开放。
幻想？
②to be told or made known 显露，展现 fo
a .①昂贵的fancy prices昂贵的价格
wr?/o/d on^’s 似表明意图 // As
②别致的，花式的/ancy 花样滑冰
stoiij unfolds, we learn more about Max's
【短语】take a fancy to喜欢上，爱上
随着故事的展开，我们对麦克斯的童
年了解得更多。 charm /t/a：m/
w. G 魅力 Besides an infectious voice， Sarah
grand /grsend/
Brightmanys charm made her a very popu-
a.①宏伟的【同magnificent】 副 a 众nmd
ter silver.莎拉•布莱曼以极具感染力的嗓音
view of a sea of clouds when we climbed
和迷人的风度成为深受人们欢迎的歌手
t o t o p 〇/ 认衫KeWcm，Moimtoin•我们爬上
②符咒 dwiTms evi/ spirit 能驱除恶
黄山之巅时，看到] 云海的壮观景象
魔的符咒
② 重大的a grand banquet盔大的宴会
vt. to attract (sb.) by being beautiful or welcoming
③ 傲慢的 He likes to put on a very gmnd
吸 引 ，迷 住 We 切 ⑽ c/wjrmed W
air when he is with strangers. 与生人打交
scenery.我们昀醉在景色之中.，
道时他很喜欢摆出一副骄傲的姿态。
【派生】charming a• 媚人的，可爱的
④绝 佳 的 阶 /wzd a 夕m/w/ owr
以ip. 我们旅游时的天气好极了 【词源】14世纪该词是个贬义词，表示•‘摄人心魂：
⑤ 总 的 grcmd 总计 的歌声、妖术、魔法”等义之后，词义中“歌声”成
分逐渐消失，词义变化也由贬而褒，16世纪起开
fa n ta sy /faentasi/ 始表示“魅力、迷人之处”。
w. 1 an exciting and unusuale xperience or sit
uation you imagine happening to you, but Valid
/vaelid/
which will probably never happen 想象，幻想
a. ①a reason, argument etc. that is based on
Stop looking for a perfect job—— it、s just a
what is reasonable or sensible 有根据的 ///-
/ar? /as?/.别想找到十全十美的工作了----那简 ness is a valid excuse for being absent
直是幻想。
/ r o ? n 生病是不去上班的正当理由
②想象的产物似〇对〇/ 尤 心 totes are
②a valid ticket, document, or agreement is
/aniasies. 大部分的神话故事都是想象的产物
丨egally or officially acceptable 有效的 /w rmm?/
【派生】fantastic «• 极好的；异想天开的
countries^ a driving license is a valid proof
o/icten汾2/.驾驶执照在很多国家是有效的身份
fascinate /faesineit/
证明。
vt. to cause (sb.) to be very interested in sth. or
【派生】validate v/• 批准，使有法律效力；证 实 //
sb.强烈地吸引，迷 住 77祕 c/^i/drenw;ere/as-
validity /I.有效性，合法性
cinated by the toys the shop window.孩
子们让商店橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了
invalid /in'vaelid/ a. /invaliid/ w.
【派生】fascination /;• 魅力；迷恋，入迷//fascinating
【助记】in(not)+valld(有效的）一►无效的
迷人的，有吸引力的
a.无效的，站不住脚的f/wtess a c/i叫we
•300.is 支票除非签了字，否则是无效的 more 我斗胆提一点意见，我认为这个
n .病弱者 The invalid is gathering strength.达 计划尚欠考虑
位病弱者正在逐渐恢复体力 ②拿…冒险，冒…的险【同risk】 ve/Uwmi
his whole fortune on one throw of the dice.
vessel /Vesi/
杰夫把全部财产全押在这次的掷骰子上
w•① 船 ocecmic/aMndowed i;從se/远洋船/弃船
② 容器 Empty vessels make the greatest conjunction /kan'dsAQkJan/
sozmd. 1谅j满瓶不响，半瓶晃荡（一知半解者总 【助记】con(共同)+junct(连接)+ion~*•连接
爱自以为是）。 /I. ①连接，联合 77说 〇/ ?(；or/c?7um-
③ 导管，血管6/ood I；從從/血管 ship and artistry in making jeivelry de-
cides the value of the jewelry.在珠宝許物的
propel /prapel/ 制造中，手工与艺术的结合决定了珠宝的价值
【助记】pro(forward)+pel(驱使)—推动
②连词
v/•① to move, drive, or push sth. forward 推动 【短语】in conjunction with与…联合
The rocket was propelled into space from
orient /〇: riant/
the launching pad.欠 箭 台 发 升 空
【助记】ori(升起）+ent—►太阳升起的地方一► 东方
(2)to move sb. into a new situation or make
v/.①to become familiar with a new situation 使
them do sth.激励，驱使 prope/fcd
适应 It toolc quite a long time for a fresh
怒火驱使她行动起来
man to oiient himself. 大学新 i■要 经过好长
mission /mijan/
一段时间才能适应新环境3
【助记】电影《谍中谍》 /mpossiftte
②to place (sth.) in a particular position or
/i. d 使命 77i人s James
direction 卜to,仞HT/nZ)使朝向 77犯 is
to save three hostages kidnapped by some
orien仏d 故am/ nor仇这座楼房坐北朝南
ferroriste.这次，詹姆士•邦德（007)的使命是去
/i•[你 0-】东方
解救3 个被恐怖分子绑架的人质
【派生】oriental a• 东 方 的 东 方 人
②代表团6从 mission企业代表团
Stripe /straip/
专四真题
/i. 条纹 White stripes are drawn at the pedes-
,4This is more than a job," says Harrington. /riaw’s sireef 街道的人行横道画上
“It’s a mission. I’m always thinking, How 了白色的条纹。
can we best serve our employees? If we 【派生】striped a.有条纹的
support them, they’ll do their best to look Strap /strsep/
after our clients. That’s how it works 【助记】皮带(strap)反过来拼就成r部分(parts)
here.” • /1. 带，皮带 Fasten the straps ar〇2mcl the case.
译文：哈林顿说：“这不只是一份工作，而是个使 用带子把箱子捆牢。
命。我总在想，要怎样才能更好地为员工服务？ vA①用带扣住，束牢A/cr/ce sure /to per抑 ⑻ 方
如果我们支持他们，他们就会竭尽所能去服务客 are strapped to their seats before driving
户这就是我们公司的成功诀窍” Q汉开车前请乘客务必系好安全带
②用绷带包扎/feep 2/oi/r te分s/rap/败i ww似
venture /'ventj 0/ is 6祝“r. 把你的腿包扎起来直到
/1. 风 险 投 资 vew加re合资企业 伤口好些;，
vi. to go somewhere that could be dangerous 冒
lace /leis/
脸 Nothing ventured， nothing gained.[请]不
/1. ① 网 眼 花 边 77祕 faW衫do认 /w/5 tore arowrw/
入虎穴，焉得虎子
the edge.台布四周許有花边
vt. ®to say sth. although you are afraid of how
②鞋带 a pair Zaces — 副鞋带
sb. may react to it 敢于，大胆表示 “/ may
vt. (〜w/7) 用系带束紧 Lace 沒owr s/ioes wp or
venture an opinion，I’d say the plan needs
•301 •2/ow’/Z oi?er.把鞋带系好，否则你会被詳倒 ATM, you should insert your debit card
/irsf.当你要从自动提款机上取钱时，首先得插
antique /aen'tiik/
入你的借记卡。
a, 古老的 Antique docks from all over the
are or? rfisptay. 来自世界各地的古钟正 sweat /swet/
在展出。 vL 出汗 She was sweating as she reached the
w• 古 董 (m吻we ctea/er古董商 诏. 当她到达山顶时，出了一身汗
【派生I antiquity /!• 古老;古物，古迹 n. /TtK Sweat poured down his face as he ran.
他跑步时汗水从他脸上淌下来。
exquisite /ikskwizit/
专四真题
【助记】ex (out) +quisite (査找）— 精心挑选出来的―
精致的 The sweat shows up even when a picture
a .① extremely beautiful and very delicately is presented so rapidly that the subject has
made 精致的 /fer very no conscious awareness of seeing it.
她的裙子有非常精致的花边。 译文：甚至当图片在受试者面前飞快闪过都没有
©very sensitive and delicate in the way you 看清的情况下也会有出汗现象。
behave or do things敏锐的，有高度鉴赏力的
She has an exquisite taste in painting.她 rub /rAb/
对油画有很高的鉴赏力。 vt•庫擦 I mbbed my hands together to warm
③ exquisite pain or pleasure is felt very 执em.我接揉双手让手暖和。
strongly 居ij 烈的 4 cancer patient usually 【短语】rub it in反复提及令人不快的事
swjQfers 於pain. 癌症病人通常遭受剧
wrinkle /ViQki/
烈疼痛的折磨。
/i.皱纹 Many moisturizers claim to be anti-
compact /kampaekt/ /kompaekt/ wiw/cte. 很多润肤霜都声称是抗皱的。
a./vt. n.
【助记】com(—起)+pact(压紧)—紧凑的 v . (使）起皱纹 Alex wrinkled up her nose at the
a .①small， but arranged so that everything fits 亚历克斯闻到那个气味就皱起眉头。 //
neatly into the space available 紧凑的 77祕 wrinkle your nose/eyes/bww etc.皱起鼻子/
dormitory rooms are very compact, with a 眼睛/眉毛等
desk，bed， and closet built in.葙舍房间 *i、巧
frown /fraun/
紧凑，有一张书桌、床和嵌入式衣橱。
vi. to make an angry, unhappy, or confused ex
② packed or put together firmly and closely
pression^ moving your eyebrows together 皱眉
紧密的 He received a compact package•他
Don't frown at me like that. Anything you
收到一个扎得很紧的包裹。
• rfow’Z zmderstond? 不要那样对着我皱眉有什
vt. to press sth. together so that it becomes small-
么不明白的吗？
er or more solid 把…压实 /feaf cmd tedc 〇/
/i.皱眉 There was a woiried fimon on her
rain have compacted the soil.高热少雨使土
/ace.她紧锁双眉，面带愁容。
壤固结。
/!.合同 ma/ce cr 签订合同 sniff /smf/
v.①以鼻吸气 //e sw渺 d a /ew; fimes 6e/ore
delete /di'iiit/
他吸了几下鼻子才开口说话
【助记】电脑键盘上的Delete(删除）键
miff at flowers
② 嗅 嚷花
vt. M 綠 First love can’t be easily deleted from
n .①吸气（声）He cleared his nose with a loud
Z/w? memory.切恋总是不能轻易地从记忆中抹去。
他大声吸气清了清鼻子。
insert /in's3t/ ②嗅 Take a sniff at everything and distin
：
【助记】in(into)+sert(加）一►插入 guish the good fr 〇 7n the bad. 对 任 何 东 西 都
要用鼻子嗅一嗅，鉴别其好坏。
vr. 插入，嵌入 WTiew 夕ow c/rau，mon^/
•302.【短语】sniff out发觉，发现 toddle /tDdi/
W. to walk with short, unsteady steps(尤指幼儿}
yawn /j〇：n/
摇摇摆摆地走//er⑽
vi.打呵欠 He closed the book^ yawned^ and went
into room.她2 岁的儿子摇摇摆接地走进
to bed.他合起书，打了个5 欠，然后上床睡觉了
屋里。
n.呵欠 I gave a loud yawn, but he just kept
on沾 我 大 声 打 了 个 5 欠，可他还是讲下去
•303-典型考题精练
1. Considering your salary, you should be able to at least twenty dollars a week.
A. put forward B. put up C. put out D. put aside
2. As one of the youngest professors in the university, Mr. Brown is certainly on the _______ of a
brilliant career.
A. porch B. threshold C. edge D. course
3. It is said in some parts of the world, goats, rather than cows, serve as a vital _______ of milk.
A. storage B. reserve C. resource D. source
4. Although it seemed to take all her strength, the patient up a smile to her mom.
A. sent B. summoned C. coloured D. squeezed
5. He blew out the candle and his way to the door.
A. converged B. groped C. strove D. crippled
6. Millions of people around tlie world have some type of physical, mental, or emotional that
severely limits their abilities to manage their daily activities.
A. scandal B. misfortune C. deficit D. handicap
7. For years now, the people of that faraway country have been cruelly _______ by a dictator.
A. depressed B. immersed C. oppressed D. cursed
8. Now the cheers and applause _______ in a single sustained roar.
A. mingled B. tangled C. baffled D. huddled
9. The author was required to submit an _______ of about 200 words together with his research
paper.
A. edition B. editorial C. article D. abstract
10. It is a(n) that the FYench eat so much rich food and yet have a relatively low rate of
heart disease.
A. analogy B. paradox C. correlation D. illusion
11. As the trial went on, the story behind the murder slowly itself.
A. convicted B. haunted C. unfolded D. released
H f/iicter the guidance of their teacher, the pupils are building a model boat_______ by steam.
A. towed B. tossed C. propelled D. pressed
13. In mountainous regions, much of the snow that falls is _______ into ice.
A. dispersed B. embodied C. compiled D. compacted
14. Mr. Smith asked his secretary to _______ a new paragraph in the annual report she was typing.
A. ii^ject B. install C. invade D. insert
15. Unlike many popular websites, this one requires users to register and _______•
A. log to B. log in C. log out D. log by
16. In the loneliness of his on the North Sea, he became a man of peace.
A. salvage B. boundary C. assault D. exile
17. If your workplace is within walking or cycling distance of your home, you could even have an
active to and from work—a great way to destress at the end of the day.
A. shuttle B. commute C. shift D. playground
18. A comedian tries to entertain people. The underlined part means
A. nurse B. attract C. amuse D. offend
19. Vouchers are only _____ for races taking place before 31 December.
A. valid B. sound C. legal D. grand
•304.20. She had woven a whole _______ about living in a cottage by the sea.
A. fancy B. fascination C. fashion D. fantasy
21. It is also easier to smile than to _______. So save yourself the extra effort and choose the easier
way.
A. sniff B. yam C. frown D. wrinkle
22. For a complete change of _______, take a ferry out to one of the nearby islands.
A. scenery B. scene C. mission D. venture
S ) 答案与译文
1. [D]就你的薪水而言，你应该能够做到每周至少存20美元
2. [B]作为大学里最年轻的教授之一，布朗先生当然会有一个辉煌的事业前景
3. [D】据说，在世界上某些地方，奶的重要来源是山羊，而不是奶牛
4. [B]病人像是费尽了全身力气，朝她妈妈做了一个笑脸
5. [B]他吹熄蜡烛，摸索着走到门口。
6 . 丨D】世界上有教百万人患有某种限制他们曰常活动的在身体、精神或情绪方面的障碍
7. [C]这些年来，那个遥远国度的人们一直受着独裁者的残酷压迫
8. [A】现在，欢呼声和掌声汇合在一起，经久不息
9. [D]作者被要求随着研究论文提交一篇大约200词的摘要
10. 丨B] 法国人吃那么多油赋的食物，但心脏病发病率却比较低，真是不可思议
11. [C]随着审讯的进行，谋杀案背后的故事慢慢揭开了神秘的面纱
12. [C]在教师的指导下，小学生们正在造一餿由蒸汽推动的模型船
13. [D]在山区，大量的降雪被压实为冰
14. [D1史密斯先生让他的秘书在她正在打印的年度报告里插入一个新段落
15. [B]不像大多数流行网站那样，这个网站需要用户注册和登录
16. [D]在他流亡北海的孤独的日子里，他转变成了一个热爱和平的人.
17. 丨B】如果你工作的地方离你家是能步行或者骑车能到的距离的话，你可以来回上下班的时候活
动----- 天结束时一个极好的减压方式
18. [C] 喜剧演员出力给人娱乐
19. [A]优惠券只对12月31日前的比赛有效。
20. [D】她编织了一个在海边小屋里居住的梦。
21. [C]而且微笑比皱眉容易得多，所以选择简便的方式来节约你多余的体能
22. [A]想彻底换个环境，就乘船到附近的某个小岛去吧
. 305.mmm fS(Sl
单词预习+返记
□slap □grease □starve □tribe □solidarity □hedge
□wink □weld □wither □terrific □consolidate □stump
□blink □graze □petty □fabulous □procession □stake
□brink □browse □serene □stale □persevere □induce
□earnest □hatch □tranquil □foul □assert □brew
□beam □brood □array □agreeable □poise □avenge
□blaze □roast □arch □inscribe □elastic □revenge
□flash □hop □terminate □prelude □miniature □draft/draught
□fume □perch □terminal □scribble □curve □sly
□polish □offspring □interim □script □curl □disguise
□gild □haunt □realm □illegible □coil □friction
□glint □segment □cable □kindle □string □compass
□glisten □batch □notable □shrewd □invert □siege
□dazzle □cluster □layman □sneer □bully □besiege
□reel □reap □outset □vice □shriek □outrage
□lubricate □irrigate □bleak □boycott □blockade □impulse
Slap /slaep/ 只眼闭一只眼
vt• ①插，笨击 The gi?，l slapped the boy in the
blink /biirjk/
/ace. 女孩给了男孩一记耳光
w••①to shut and open your eyes quickly 眨眼睛
②确的一声(用力）放 He slapped the document
/ blinked as I came out into the sunlight.
ctoim ow ctesA：. 他把文件啦的一声往桌上
我走出来到太阳底下时直眨眼睛3
一扔。
②to shine unsteadily or go on and off quickly
n.掴，掌击⑺抓冰.a sZ叩给某人一记耳光
说悔 The warning light blinked insistently
wink /wi〇k/ mdar/cr^ss.警1示灯在黑暗中不停地闪烁。
v. ①to close and open one eye quickly as a /i.眨眼睛 Jn a Wiwfc 〇/ an 巧/e /wwi cfeap-
signal to sb.眨眼，使眼色 JoeZ peared他眨眼间就不见了。
me, and I realized he was joking.务尔向A 【短语】on the blink出故障
眨眼示意，我于是明白了他是在开玩笑。//
brink /brirjk/
a to s6. 向某人使了一个表示
n.边缘 the brink of the cliffs 悬崑的达嚷 // His
警告的眼色
incompetence has brought us to the brink
②to shine with a light that flashes on and
〇/ ruin.他很无能，致使我们濒临绝境
off (星或光）闪烁 77说 stors are w;inA:ir^ in
【短语】on the brink of激临，处于…边缘 &^抓-
the sky.星星在空中闪热 // Christmas lights
tists are on the brink of a breakthrough in
in 树上的圣诞彩灯一
the treatment of cancer.科学家们在治疗癌在
闪一闪的。
方面即将获得重大突破。
/!•眼色；闪烁 //e 糾⑽ me a w;inA：. 他
向我递了个友好的眼色 earnest /V.mst/
【短语】wink at对…使 眼 色 ，佯装未看见，对 …睁一 a. very serious and sincere 认 真 的 ，诚挚的
•306.Nowadays some young people are not fume /fju：m/
eames/ aboW 供.如今有些年轻 w•① 烟 to:ric/u7ne毒烟
人对他们的婚姻大事并不认真 ②一阵愤怒（或不安）fee m a 怒气冲冲
【短语】in earnest认真的（地） v/.①冒烟77祕 mia:如re /wmes.这种混合物不停
beam /bi：m/ 地冒烟。
w•①(光线等的)束【同ray】77^ sww 你 6mms ②发怒 She sat in the car， silently fuming
o n 丨 orchard.大阳照耀着果园 jam.她坐在车里，心中对交通请
② 梁，横梁 The thief was found bending 塞感到十分恼火。
⑽er你衫6eam. 人们发现小偷正队在橫梁上
polish /poll//
③ 笑容a beam of delight笑逐赖开
v/•① to make sth. smooth, bright, and shiny by
vi\ to smile very happily 面露喜色 77犯 captoiw
rubbing it 磨光 sfeo從 6e/ore 众〇-
beamed with satisfaction.上騎露出了 满意的
in^r to cm •去面试前把你的皮鞋擦亮点
微笑。
(Dto make (sth.) better than it was before ^
vt. to send a radio or television signal through
色 The statement was carefully polished and
the air, esp. to somewhere very distant 播送
checked befo?‘e release.这项声明是经仔细润
This is a programme beamed at Japan.这
色检查后才发表的:，
是对日本广播的节目。
w. 擦光剂s/w?e^ZoorpoZis/i鞋油/地板靖
blaze /bieiz/ 【短语】polish off (飞快地）完成
vi. ① to bum very brightly and strongly 着火 * \
【归类卡片丨清洁种种 1
When the firemen artived, the whole build-
sweep清扫 polish擦亮 wash 洗
in众切os 消防队到达时，整座建筑物
mop拖；擦 wipe擦状 scrub擦洗
正在熊熊燃烧着。
② to shine with a very bright light 发光 Z/切fete gild /gild/
w;ere in ⑼er# room. 每个房间都灯 vt.给…镀金,使呈金色 The setting sun gilds the
火通明 s/cy. 落日把天空染成金色
③ (of the eyes) to show anger 迸发 巧/從
glint /glint/
6toad /wite. 他的眼神充满了怨恨
W. to shine in small bright flashes 闪光，闪闪发
n. ①火焰If we put some paper on the fire，
亮 The gold was glinting in the sunlight.
it will soon burst into a blaze.如象把紙故
金子在阳光下闪闪发光。
在火上，就会马上烧出火焰
n .说光the glint of a gold watch闪闪文先的金
② 强烈的光a 〇/ S2ms/i?:we大阳的光辉
手蚁 // There was a glint of anger in his
③ 爆发a o/a?i分er突发的怨恨
巧/你. 他的眼里闪着愤怒的光。
④ 灿烂 In the fall， the trees are a blaze of
coZor.秋天，树木色彩绚丽 glisten /'glisan/
【短语】blaze a trail开拓道路，作先导 vL to shine with light reflected off a wet surface
两键 The lake glistens in the moonlight.湖
flash /flaej/
水在月光下闪烁。
vL 0to shine or give off bright light suddenly or
in repeated bursts 闪烁 77说 你 加 冰 执 / dazzle /daezl/
across⑽ s/cy.闪电掠过天空。 vt. <3)to cause (sb.) to be unable to see for a
(Dto move or pass very quickly nsitfe The duys short time 使眩目 / teas ^ car’s
seem to flash by.先汛似箭 说句fete.汽车前灯的灯光照得我睁不开眼睛。
/i.①闪光，闪烁，闪现料icfc似 a Was/i快如闪电 ②to make sb. feel strong admiration 使赞叹
// a flash in the pan昙炎一现的人A 事物 不己 He da之:ded the crowd with his orato-
②两光灯 Did you use flash when you took r^/.他的雄辩口才使听众赞叹不已
pir加res?你拍这些照片时用闪光灯了吗？ /j.① 耀 眼 的 光 ⑽ 聚 光 灯 耀
•307.眼的光 自己田里放牛。
②令人赞叹的东西77於 ar£ 〇/ ice ② 镲伤She gra之ed her knee.地擦伤了膝A
a reaZ d〇2^te/冰雕艺术真令人赞叹！ ③ 擦过 The car grazed the garage door. A
车擦蹭了车库的门
reel /ri：l/
n• 德伤（处] His knee stung from the graze.他
«.卷轴，卷 筒 a red 〇/ co以cm —轴棉线
的膝盖擦伤后十分疼痛
vi. ®to move or walk in a way that is very
unsteady 蹒跚 m?/ /ito cr dnm/cer mcm 像醉 browse /brauz/
汉似地摇摇晃晃地走着 【助记】电脑的浏览功能就是browse
②to be confused or shocked by a situation vi. ① to look at many things in a store, in a
眩晕 Numbers make my head reel.数字弄得 newspaper, etc” to see if there is sth. inter
我头昏脑胀 esting or worth buying M •!£ He likes to
vt• (〜in，up)卷 The old man slowly reeled the b7vwse through the books in the library. 他
/isfe /w. 老人後慢收卷钓丝把鱼钓上来 喜欢在图书馆浏览各种书籍。
【短语】reel off — U 气说，重复 ②吃草【同 graze】 Goate are m
山羊在牧场上吃草
lubricate /luibnkeit/
【助记】lubric(光滑）+ate(使•••)一► 使润滑 hatch /hsetj/
vt. to make (sth.) smooth or slippery <吏润滑 Gear
vt.①稱 Don’t count the chickens before they
must be properly lubiicated.齿於必M适刍地
are/iatetod.[谅j鸡蛋还未摊，别忙数鸡雏
加油润滑
②to form a plan etc. in secret 筹划 Wfea/
mischief are you hatching (up)?你们在搞什
grease /gri：s/
么鬼花样？
/i.①油脂 0i/ cmd grease 〇/
W. (w⑻ _ 出 AM
它.油污会腐蚀轮胎的橡胶
chickens ha ve ha tched
②润滑油 Because the grease was almost gone，
ow/L所有小鸡都已破壳
the gears suffered from serious wear and
而出CJ
仏ar.由于润滑油差不多耗尽了，齿轮磨损很严重。
w.舱门；开口；瞬 化 7?祕
v/•①用油脂涂 Grease paw 6e/are 2/02/ pcmr
oil spiU will ajfect
fearer in.将面糊倒入锅里之前，要在揭底
next spring’s hatch.
涂上油脂:：>
油泄露会影响到来年春
②给…加润滑油【同丨ubricate】77说new; /wbri-
季的孵化。
eating oil from Shell greases the car in a
ferrt/ic 壳牌润滑油使车的部件得到很好 brood /bru:d/
的保护
vi. ®to keep thinking about sth. that you are wor
ried or upset about f- on, over, about)沉思'
weld /weld/
There’s no point brooding ovei' it—— she’s
vt•①焊接 They welded the pieces of a broken
仍m 私老是想着这件事也没有用，她已经走了
cur/e. 他们焊接断了的车轴，
②稱蛋 It is time for hens to b?vod.该是母
② 使 紧 密 团 结 // /row
鸡孵蛋的时候了
outside to weld a family together•要使一个
n•①一窝 What fun to see a brood of ducks
家庭重归于好，往往需要求助于外力
walking on the sandy beach!看到一寫小鳴在
/j.焊接，焊缝
沙滩上行走的情景，多么有趣呀！
graze /greiz/ ②（一个家庭的）全体孩子Afar?/ Zias a
vi.吃青草 The sun was shining brightly and brood of grandchildren.码 m 有一大帮孙九女
cattle were g?nzing in the field.阳先明 H
roast /reust/
地照耀着，牛在地里吃着草：
v/.①放牧We?分raOT ca似f? ow owr/Wrfs. 我们在 v• 烤，灸，供 77祕 說 is 肉正烤着 //
•308.The sun was roasting us.大阳火辣殊地炙晒 haunt /h〇：nt/
着我们。 时• ① (of a ghost) to visit or live in (a place)常
n. 烤肉 Let’s have a nice roast for Sunday 出没于A feawnfe你6 那座城堡
dirmer.让我们星期天晚餐好好吃一顿烤肉 中常有幽灵出现
a. 烤过的 Do you prefer Beijing ?，oast duc/c or ©to keep coming back to the mind of (sb.)
diicfce/i pecmwte?你喜欢北京烤鸭还是 esp. in a way that makes the person sad or
宫爆鸡丁？ upset使苦恼；萦绕在心头，缠绕For years
从⑽/wmn如/ fty分ui//、多年来，负疚感不时浮上
hop /hop/
她的心头。
v/•(人）单足跳跃；（鸟、昆虫等丨齐足跳跃77此^/-6^
n .常去的地方 This coffee shop is one of hi名
were hopping about on the lawn•小 Mj 彺萆坪
这家咖4 馆是他经常出入的地方
上跳来跳去。
【用法】该同通常不用于进行时态：
v A 跳上(汽车、火车、飞机等）Wtocm Zapped a
plane and arrived in time for the auction. segment /segmant/
成尔逊坐上了飞机，及时赶上了拍卖会a 【助记】seg(切割）+ment— 切割下来的东西—部分
n•①■跳 TTie pursuer cleared the fence in one n .① one of the parts into which sth. can be
/wp.追捕者一跳越过了柵栏。 divided 〇P 5)*, IS The company dominates
②短程航行 It’s a short hop from London to this segment of the market•这家公司控 M 了
Paris.从伦敦到巴黎是短途飞行: 这一部分市场。
②（橘子等的）辦 a s印menf 〇/ an orange橘
perch /p3：tj/
子的一瓣
v.① (of a bird) to land and stay on a branch,
etc•(鸟）栖急 7%e bird perched on the electric batch /baetj/
鸟栖息在电线上 //. ® a number of people or things that are dealt
(Dto be in a position on top of sth. or on the with as a group—批，一组，一群 a 加办火 〇/
edge of sth• 位 于高处 77?必 smcr// 供 visitors—群朱访者 // Every year migrat〇7*y
on a feiM.这个小村庄位于山上。// birds fly to Kunming in batches to survive
Bobby had perched himself on a tall wood- 每年有成群的候鸟飞到昆明来越冬
博比坐在高高的木凳上。 ©an amount of food, medicine, etc. produced
/i.栖木；高的位置 From our perck on the hill, at one time —批生产置 77说 /irs/, 〇/
we can see the whole city• 队这山岗的高处， products to be tested are ready.第一批要检
我们能鸟瞰全市。 测的产品已经准备好了。
【短语】in batches分批地，成批地// of the same
offspring ZotspriQ/
batch同样货色，一丘之貉
/!.①sb.’s child or children 后代 //&
are diligent and intelligent.他的后代队勤奋 cluster /kiAsta/
又聪明。 /i. a group of things or people that are close
②(动物的)崽 together(果实、花等的）串，族；（人、物等的）群，
动物懂得保护它们的幼崽,， 组 d d似於r 〇/ f a pes — 串葡萄// a dus妙
专四真题 o//__________________________ ______________________ ______^
②混乱His brain is in a whirl.他的头脑一
片混乱。 decode /.dii'kaud/
【助记】de(apart)+code(密码）一>解炉4
rotate /rauteit/
vA 译解（密码 1 7Ms compw於r ccm ctecocte cmd
【助记】rot(旋转）+ate(使)一>使转动
imp/emen/ comp/er 这部计算机
v.①（使）转动 The earth rotates on Us axis.也 能够解码和执行复杂指令
球绕地轴自转。
(2 轮流，轮换 77祕 posf 〇/ c/iainnan routes
disarm /disarm/
【助记】dis(apart)+arm(武器装备)一>解除武装
among members of the committee.主席一职
由委员会的成员轮流担任// ⑽切〇?^ vi,裁减军备 Getting the regime to disarm will
•321 •wof be easy.要让该政权裁减军备并非易事 e%/.他放弃了对财产的要求。
①解除…的武装 (Dto disclaim one’s association with (a per-
vA soWiers dis-
a7med and put i?ito camps.被侔士兵祓激了 son or country)与…断绝关系*5/祕
械，关进了战俘营。 fters的)mo认er.她声明与继母脱离母女关系。
②使息怒 他的不
//is imease disarmed /i^r.
retreat /ri'triit/
安化解了她的怒气
【助记】re back +treat =tract 拉）一►撤退
【派生】 disarmament /I•裁军，裁减军备 ( ) (
vi••①撤退【反 advance】77祕 soWiers /wwi £ore-
clamp /klaemp/ t7*eat when they were beaten in battle. 士兵
v/.夹 紧 ，固 定 汾 mow /iwis/泌d dia/ir^ am/ 们在战争中受挫时不得不撤退。
damped the phone to his ear.西 f 板完号 ② to move away from sb. or sth.退 却 价
码，把话筒紧夹在耳朵上
saw her and retreated， too shy to speak to
n.夹具 Many openers have a magnet or set of fter.他看见她便往后退，不好意思跟她说话。
damps /〇 grip opew /id•许多开启器是用
w. ①退却，撤退be iri/wM r祝 全 线 溃 退
磁铁或夹具来夹紧要开启的盖子。
②隐退处//e 從 in a r 以m i L 他住在
【短语】clamp down (on) 对 ）进行fR制 77说
( … 一个幽静的地方。
police are going to damp dmvn on crimi-
wa/ in执is ar⑽.警方打算严厉打击 discord /'disk〇：d/
这个地区的犯罪活动 【助记】dis(不）+cord(心)一>双方都不称心—不合
/i.①lack of agreement between people, ideas,
banner /bsene/
etc.(意见 > 不合，争论 Varioi/5 discords feave
/i.横福•，旗 The marckers carried banners with
arisen over执 私 人 们 在 这 个 问 题 上
the words “No Nuclear Weapons' 游行者打
发生了不少争执。
着写着“禁止使用核武器”的橫幅3
②(音乐）不和谐 77祕 discord ims
slogan /sleugan/ /wmi cm 汉ir.他演奏的不和谐音很刺耳c
w. 口号，广告语 吨//irW cm?，sta分an• “安
prolong /pre'lDQ/
全第一”是我们的口号。
【助记】pro(forward)+long 长 一►拉长
( )
dictate /dik'teit/ v. /dikteit/ /i. vt. to make (sth.) last or continue for a longer
【助记】 说话 —命令 time 延长 Good care may prolong a sick
diet( )+ate
v.①to say words for sb. else to write down 口 person’s fo/e.精心的照料可以延长病人的生命。
授 The boss is dictating a letter to her sec- 【辨析】表示“延长"的动词
w o m 老板现在正在给秘书口述一 prolong:更多地表示在时间上的延长，含有“超出
M 信 // He cannot write but he can dictate 了正常限度”之义
他不会写，但可以口述。
extend:表示在时间、空间上的扩展和延续
(Dto tell sb. exactly what they must do or how
stretch:表示将长度延长或将宽度加宽
they must behave 命令，强制规定 i/e d
^---------------------------------------------^
how everything should be done.他专積也规 sane /sein/
定各种事物应如何处理。 a .① able to think in a normal and reasonable
n.命令 Employees should learn to say “no” to way 心智健全的 iVo sane person 〇〇•
their bosses, unreasonable dictates. A 负应
cept a high-level job there.没有一个神志正
学会对上司的不合理要求说“不”。 常的人会接受那里高要求的工作。
【派生】dictator /丨•独裁者；口授者；权威 dicta-
// ©reasonable and based on sensible thinking
torship n.独裁，专政
明智的，清醒的 take a sane view of the sit-
wa“( m 对局势持清醒的观点
renounce /rinauns/
【派生】sanity w• 神志正常；明智// insane d•精神
vr•①to formally give up (sth.)(尤指正式地）放弃
失常的；荒唐的
所有权 He renozmeed his claim to the prop-
•322.sober /seuba/ most stifled the firemen. H 來烟弥漫♦得
【助记】sob(哭泣)+er~►别哭泣了，要冷静一»清醒的 消防队员喘不过气来。
a . ①not drunk未醉的，清醒的 as sober as a ©to stop sth. from happening or developing
judge完全清經的 抑制 7%巧/ ftope new; rutes nof
©having or showing a very serious attitude yZe erect始沿2/.他们希望新规则不会抑制创新
or quality 严肃的 is a sokr, ⑹ ③to stop a feeling from being expressed 压
and intelligent guy. 他是一个严肃、思维嗔密 抑（感情）介 对
& to cmd
的聪明人。
leave birds’ nests alone.最好忍住好奇心，别
③（颜色等）素淡的a sober分ray swi/, —套朴
碰鸟巢。
素的灰色西服
vA (〜wp)(使）醒酒，使清醒 / need a Wade to whereby /wea'bai/
sober me wp.我需要一杯黑咖啡醒酒 似/•借以 We need this system whereby a new
pten may dr&e. 我们需要这种可能借以产生
weep /wi：p/
新计划的制度。
W. (D(为…）哭泣【同 sob】 众
was rising, the athletes wept for jo y .当国旗 Chorus /'koiras/
升起时，运动员们喜极而泣 ri.①合唱队；合唱 77te choru占 were/was verj/
②渗出The wound is weeping.伤口正在流腺 分ood today.今天合唱团唱得非常好/ a mixed
【用法】过去式、过去分词如印/ ch〇7iis男女合唱
② 副 歌 汾 仰 cfeorws again.把最后的
soothe /su：8/
副歌再唱一遍。
vt. ®to make sb. feel calmer and less anxious,
③ 齐声 a c/toms o/pmise —片赞扬声
upset or angry 使平静，安慰 A nice cwp 〇/ tea
v/.齐声说 The papers aU chorused the praises
soo如 2/〇狀 從 . 一杯好茶可以使你的
of the positive suggestions of the govern-
心绪平静下来。
m e n & 各报不约而同地颂杨政府积极性的建议。
② to make a pain become less severe, or
【短语】in chorus — 齐，共同
slowly disappear使（痛苦、疼痛）缓和Afossa供
can gently soothe away your aches and pains. enchant /mtja:nt/
轻轻地按摩能缓解疼痛。
vt.①用魔法迷惑 In the fairytale， the little
prince was enchanted by a witch.在这则童
choke AJeuk/
话中，王子被女巫施了魔法。
【助记】喝可乐(coke)给呛着(choke)了
@to attract and hold the attention of (sb.) by
v•① to be unable to breathe properly because
being interesting, pretty, etc. ffiAii She was
sth. is in your throat or there is not enough
enchanted with the singing of the children.
air(使）窒息，哈 7%ere w;ere cftain-smo/cers in
她被孩子们的歌声迷住了。
the office and the smoke almost choked me.
办公室里有人一支接一支地抽着烟，我被呛得几
S〇l〇 /S9uleu/
午苴 & // He choked to death on a fish
a. done alone without anyone else helping you
bone.他被一根鱼刺咬死了。
单独的/ made 7^2/ /ir初 so/o 加.我第一
© 塞满，堵塞 The roads were choked with
次作了单人飞行。
《rcuQTic.几条马路都塞车了。
/i.独奏，独唱，独舞77祕concert 6印an W 仇a pi
【短语】choke back忍住，抑制// choke up (因激
ano soZo. 音乐会以钢琴独奏曲拉开序幕
动等)说不出话来
【派生】soloist /! 独唱者，独奏者
•
产 • ^ ----
stifle /staifi/ 【一言辨异】chord,solo
v t.① to stop sb. from breathing comfortably, Love is a chord in life， not a solo.爱是人
esp. because the air is too hot or not fresh 生的和弦，而不是孤单的独奏曲。
使 窒 息 77祕 smote /i价d 加 room cmd at ^ — — J)
•323*recite /nsait/ catch the drift of what you said.你说的话
【助记】re(again)+cite(呼叫）一♦ •一再诵读—背诵 我听不清楚，但能听明白大意
v . ①背诵，朗 诵 仏 a poem背诵一首诗# 77.’s ③ a slow change or development from one
your turn to recite, Mr. Kaplan.卡普兰先 situation, opinion etc. to another A drift
生，该轮到你背诵了 towards anarchy must be prevented at all
costo. 无论花什么代价都要制止住朝无政府状
②to tell sb. a series or list of things 列举 Dow7
态的发展趋势.
encourage him, or he imU recite the whole
/amiZy /必吣n//你可别鼓励他，要不他会把他的
pave /peiv/
家族史和盘托出！
以 铺（路），铺筑所 從 液
• 5 economic pat /
【派生】recital w•独唱/奏会；详述；朗诵// recitation
way for industrial expansion.他的泛济政策
/i. 吟诵，背诵
为工业的扩展铺平了道路
【短语】pave the way (for)(为…）铺平道路
commence /ka.mens/
【派生】pavement /!• (BrE)人行道
v. to begin or to start sth.开始 A/.祕/w以奶狀
will the opening ceremony commence? 升象
drizzle fdm\/
尺竹么的候升始？ // They commenced a sys
vi. T 毛毛雨 It had been drizzling aU day. T
tematic search.他们开始 了系统的搜查 了一整天的毛毛雨。
【用法】commence通常用于彳5面语，可后接名词、动
/!.毛毛雨 Drizzle stole over the small village.
名词、with 短语（commence with sth.)或动词 蒙蒙细雨悄悄笼箪了那座小村庄
不定式。
moist /moist/
steer /stia/ a. slightly wet, esp. in a way that is pleasant
vf.①驾驶，为…操 蛇 //e s切em/ sfcip care- or suitable 潮湿的，湿润的 /Vo沢 /
fuUy between the rocks,他小心也在码、石间驾 slime to keep their skin moi就青达分法出
驶船:< 黏液来使皮肤保持湿润 // S/,raw;bm•丨從
②to direct or guide the movement or progress best in cool， moist climate.萆毐在汛冻 M 溫
〇1 (sth)弓\ 导 The dosedoor policy couldn’t 的气候中生长最佳。
steer a country to prosperity.闭失& 守的政 【派生】moisture /!•潮湿，水分
策不能引导国家走向繁荣
humid /hjuimid/
驾驶77祕car s仏ers bad/?/.这车不好开
a. if the weather is humid, you feel uncomfort
【短语】steer clear of绕幵，避开/ /〇 s仏er
able because the air is very wet and usually
clear of downtoxon during the msh-hour. 在
hot 潮湿的 Foods are easy to be mouldy in
交通高峰期，我宁愿避开去闹市区。
humid days.潮湿的曰子里，食物容易复霉
【派生】steering-wheel /!•方向盘，舵轮
【派生】humidity w• 湿度，湿气// humidify v•使潮
drift /drift/ 湿，使湿润
vi. ①漂流 The boat drifted down the river•船 专四真题
顺河漂流而下
My bones have been aching again，as they
②漂泊 f think I’U drift around for a few
often do in huirud weather.
years、 then maybe try to find a job. A 想 A
译文：和平常一样遇到天气潮湿，我的骨头又疼起
会先漂泊几年，之后没准找个工作-
来了。
；?.①large pile of snow or sand that has been
blown by the wind 漂流物，吹积物 77^ road
dilute /da 丨丨 u:t/
is blocked with massive drifts of snow. 风 【助记】di(分开）+lute(冲洗)—稀释
吹成的大堆积雪把路给诸死了。
vt.稀释，冲淡 The mrrse diluted the drug with
(2)the general meaning of what sb. is saying
於r. 护士用生理盐水把药加以稀释
大意 I couldn’t hear you clearly， but I did cr.稀释的in 在稀释的溶液里
•324*dissolve /dizoiv/ vA①使湿透，使浸透【同soak】 mi似 car?,
【助记】dis(apart) +solve(松开)一♦•分解开来—溶解 saturate hillsides, leading to devastating
vL ®to mix with a liquid and become part of mudslides.大雨会沒透山攸，会导致毁天性的泥
the liquid 溶解 cfesotoes m mr/er. 糖 石流。
溶于水。 ②to fill (sth.) completely with sth.使饱和 77紀
② to gradually become smaller or weaker market for used cars is saturated.旧车市场
before disappearing 变弱，消失 //er o6j•汉 已经饱和。
to the plan began to di名solve• 漸漸也，地对 【派生】 saturation /i•饱和
这项计划不再持反对意见了。
vt.①使溶解dissolve sait in water把絚溶解在 diffuse /di'fjurz/ v. /di'fju:s/ a.
水里 【助记】dif(分开）+fuse(倾，倒)—扩散
② to dismiss (an assembly such as a leg- v. (Dto make heat, light, liquid etc. spread through
islative body)解散 Peopte cfeso/?液/pcrrfia- sth., or to spread like this 扩散，使弥漫 77说
ment and called for new elections•人们 ^•散 kitchen stove diffused its warmth all over
议会，要求重新选举3 厨房的炉子将温暖蔓延到房子的每
【派生】dissolution n• 解散；溶解
个角落。
② to spread ideas or information among a
distil(l) /distil/
lot of people传 播 ⑽ 於
【助记】dis+⑻till (小水滴)一>使液体蒸发再变成小水
be diffused by diverse means.如今知说可以
滴一►蒸馏
从各种各样的途径得以传播// 從
以• ①蒸馏，用蒸馏法提取(去除）77泌Scote /wi從
distilled whisky for centuries.苏格生人用蒸 技术推广得很快
馏法制成士忌已有数百年的历史。 a. ①冗长的a sp從cfo冗长的演说
②提炼，浓 缩 ^ m 汉min分〇/ a poem ②弥漫的，四散的Z>ira^你 以 is /〇!•
提炼出诗中的含义 7'eading than diffuse light
. 釓 射 先 比 漫 射 先
【派生】distillation /I•蒸馏，蒸馏法 更有利于阅读。
【派 生】diffusion w•扩散，传播 // diffusionism /I.
filter /'fiita/
扩散主义
fi.过滤器cigarette filter香烟过波嘴
v A 过滤，滤除义// drin/cin分zm如• /仏
com m end /ka'mend/
如饮用水都必须过滤净化
【助记】com(共同）+mend(委托）一>推荐
vi.①透 I过）Sunlight fUtered in through the thin
vt. ®to praise or approve of sb. or sth. publicly
访.阳光透过薄薄的窗帘射进来
表扬 We should commend good people and
②(消息、等、走漏 The news of the defeat start
good deeds.我们应当表杨好人好事
ed to filter through. 成敗的消 息开始 传出象 r.
②推荐【同 recommend】/ sfeowW ZiA:e to com-
soak /sauk/ 7nend this method to you. A 想向您推荐这一
方法。
v.①澄泡 Soak the vegetables before cooking to
dear the remnant of pesticides•疏菜在烹蚀 【派生】commendation w•赞 扬 ；奖状
之前要浸泡以清除农药残余物夕Fbwr s/iir/
glide /glaid/
is soaking in the tub.你的H衫在桶1 泡表
vi. 滑行 The plane glided to a halt just shart
②to make sth. completely wet (使)湿透（/’2/ow
〇/ confroZ toiler. 飞机滑行到紧挨控制塔
don’t take your umbrella, you’re going to get
的地方停了下来
你如果不带伞，就会被淋成落汤鸡
滑行 咖自由滑行
【短语】soak u p 吸收，摄取77 w . /ree fir/i
【派生】glider /I•滑翔机
ly start to soak up moisture.细抱会很快开
始吸收水分。
sin /sin/
saturate /ssetj ereit/ n. H Being late is an unforgivable sin in an
【助记】satur(full)+ate(使)一► 使饱和 American’s 巧/版在美国人眼中，迟到是一种不
•325.可原谅的严重过错 usu. as a punishment没收（私人财产），把…充
vi•.违犯戒律，犯过失《/〇似/15如11^62/??〇£〇662/- 公 If you are caught smuggling goods， they
ing what God told him to do.约拿西不逸照 W W 假若查出你走私
上帝嘱咐的去做而犯了罪。 货物，你的货物准得没收。
【派生】sinful a• 有过错的，邪恶的// sinner w•有
offset /Dfset/
罪过的人
【助记】由set off 抵消)颠倒顺序构成的动词
(
gross /graus/ vt. to cancel or reduce the effect of (sth.)抵消
a. ①being the total amount of sth. before any- He has to offset his small scdary by living
economica% . 他以节检的生活来抵消其微薄的
thing is taken away 总的 GjDP /〇?’
收入。
Gmss /VodwcL GDP 是国内生产总
值的缩写。
flatter /flaeta/
② clearly wrong and unacceptable 严重的价
v/•①to praise (sb.) in a way that is not sincere
made a gross mistake.他犯了严重的镇误。
奉承 Most inferiors flattered their superiors
③ rude or offensive 粗俗的 Fow ccm
with an exception of Mr. Parkson.大 $ 教飞
his gross language that the man ivas uned- 级都奉承上级，唯有派克逊先生例外
仏d.从他那粗俗的语言可以看出，这个人没 ©to cause (sb.) to feel pleased by showing
受过教育。 respect, affection, or admiration 使满意，使感
④ extremely fat and unattractive 臃肿的 //ed 到荣幸 / 切os ^/towered os/ced to
fat，gross—even my legs feel flabby.我 得 an ar以cte/ormc^cr之me. 获遨为那本杂志
自己又胖又臃肿，我甚至觉得腿上的肉都是松弛的。 写一篇文章，我受宠若惊。
v/.获得…总收入 77祕/irm wossed ③to make sb. seem more attractive or bet-
cmnwo%.该公司每年获得300万美元毛利。 ter than they really are使显得（比实际）好看
His portrait flatters him.他的肖像比他表人
discount /diskaunt/ n. /dis'kaunt/ vt. 漂亮。
【助记】dis(away)+count(计算）—不计算在内的部 【短语】flatter oneself自鸣得意
分一►折扣 【派生】flattery w• 恭维（话），奉承
n• 祈今U They give 10% discount fo?， cash pay-
swindle /'swindi/
mewl如果现金付款，他们就给九折优惠c
vt. to get money from sb. by deceiving them 榨
付，①把…打折扣 The sto?*e discounted aU cloth-
取，骗 取 s6. owf o/s仇骗取某人某
sa/e该店服装全部减价出售。
物 // She swindles him out of his life sav-
©to regard sth. as unlikely to be true or im-
她骗取了他一生的积蓄。
portant 漠视，低估 rafce care m>Ho cfecmmi
n. a situation in which sb. gets money by de-
his accomplishments.当心别低估了他的成就。
j ceiving sb. else诈
【用法】 丨70% discount >/
land rather than face trial for a tax swin-
打三折
dte.他不去面对骗税的审判而是逃到了瑞士。
(30% discount x
【派生】swindler/!•诈骗者
repay /npei/
fraud /fr〇：d/
【助记】re(back)+pay(支付）—偿还
【助记】发音 富 饶 的 骗 子 ”喜欢去富饶的地方
：“
vf.①归还，偿还r印a^/ a cte价还债
骗人
②报答，回报 a/w;a2/s 6從m so
/i. ① a method of illegally getting money from
to me， I will repay her with kindness.地对
sb., often by using clever and complicated
我一直很好，我会好好地对她，以作回报。
methods 欺诈 In recent years there has
【派生】repayment w•偿 还 ，回报
been a noticeable increase in sophisticated
confiscate /konfiskeit/ 介a w d 近年来用高科技的金融诈骗
vt. to officially take private property away from sb., 有明显增加。
•326.② 骗 子 价 》 no执ing a Mar a.wd a. iP、别，认出 It was so dark outside that I was
/mwd.他只不过是个撒说者和搞子。 just able to discern the road in the dark.
外面一片漆黑，我在黑暗中勉强能分辨出道路。
greed
/gri：d/
【用法】该词不用于进行式。
n .贪心，贪黎 His greed for money was his ru-
in.他对金钱贪得无厌，这是他毁灭的原因： stray /strei/
【派生】greedy a• 贪吃的；贪婪的；渴望的 【助记】小孩迷路(stray)了，只好待（stay)在原地等
人来找
swell /swel/
vL ①to move away from the place you should
W.①肿胀，鼓起 //er cmfcte u，as a/ready storiinfli
be 走失，迷路 o/ien 分扣 cmd
to sweM.她的脚踝已经开始肿了。
对ra^/ ir^o are〇5. 旅游者们经常迷
②to increase in amount or number 增强，增
路走进一些危险区域
冬 His fortune Ms swollen during the war. ②分心，走神，离题My mind kept straying
他的财产在战争期间大为增加=
/ r o m 我在讨论时总是走神。//
此使增强，使增多 The river was swollen with Try not to stray from the point in your
仏d sworn融化的积雪使河水猛涨。 an5w;ers.你在回答中尽量不要离题，
/i.①波浪起伏77祕 rose and fell to ocean a.①迷路的乂对ray do分cam^ wp to feim• —只
swells.船随着海浪起伕 走失的狗来到他跟前。
② 鼓起，隆起 I could see the swell of her ②孤立的，零星的
77
breasts through her blouse.逢过地的短衫，我 cept for a few stray taxis.蛛 7 偶尔可以看
看得出她隆起的胸部 到的几辆出租车外，街上空荡荡的。
③ 增强，增加 a swell of pride元满自长感 /I . 走失的家畜
default /di'f〇：lt/ bond /bond/
【助记】de+fault(欺骗)—违约 w. ® sth. that unites two or more people or
n. ①failure to do sth. that must be done by law, groups, such as a share interest 联结，联系
esp. paying a debt 违 约77^〇〇卿狀2/^5〇/- Common interests formed a bond between us.
recw/i/ in d^mZf ow ite Zoans. 该公司因其拖 共同的利益把我们联系在一起。
欠贷款已经违约。 ② 公偾，债券
//e /mf a// m t m q / into
② 弃权 He lost the chance to win champion stoc/c bonrfs. 他所有的钱都投进了股市
他因弃权而失去了获得冠军的机会。 证券交易3
③ (计算机）预设（值），缺 省 77祕 se«in分 ③ 契约，盟约enkr iwto a w;i认 sb.与某
on Windows Explorer will not show these 人订契约
/ites. 视窗浏览器上的默认系统设定不显示这些 ④ 黏结剂
文档。 v. to join (things) together {使）黏合 加o
vi,拖欠 The factoiy has defaulted on its pay different mateHals won’t bond together.这
ments for the goods. 该厂抵欠货款 两种不同材料枯合不起来 ^ 6owd ^
【短语】in default of在缺乏…时 77吻/ acceptor m 扣aZ把木料粘在金属上
what he had said in default of any evi-
rally /Vaei"
如 dis/jroue仏由于没有相反的证据，他
【助记】r+all(全部)+y~^r到y全部过来集合—集会
们相信了他的话
n. (Da public meeting to support or oppose sb.
discern /dis3：n/ or sth.集会s切供cm价 從 举 行 反 战 大 会
【助记】dis(apart)+cem(分离）一►识别 ②公路汽车赛 Middle East Rally Champi-
V/.① to notice or understand sth. by thinking orisMp中东汽车拉力赛
about it carefully 看出，察觉出 B is v. ®to meet publicly to support or oppose sth.
to discern the f77ith.很难了 解真相 集合 The leader rallied hi名 men round him.
(Dto be able to see sth. by looking carefully 指挥官重新集结其部属// 77紹 vo仏rs roi/id
•327.ZoCow5en;c^i從5.选民们团结在保守派一 other people to hear what you say 轻声低语
边（支持保守派h *7 didn't even want to come in the first
②恢复(健康等)【同 recover】 n?//2/,/Vom cm i//rw?ss placed he muttered. “我原来甚至都不想来
从疾病中复元 的，”他嘀咕着说。
② to complain in a quiet or indirect way 小
congregate /koQgngeit/
声抱怨 Some senatws muttered darkly about
vi\ to come together in a group 集合，聚集A crow;d
the threat to national security. —些议资私
quickly congregated round the speaker.大群
下里质疑对国家安全构成的威胁
人在演说者周围迅速聚集起来
w.轻声低语，小 声 抱 怨 Wfe /i^ard a 你 〇/
【派生】congregation 聚集；人群；（教堂中的)会众
/!• discontent.我们听到有人窃窃私议表示不满
grumble /grAmbi/
chatter AJaete/
v. to keep complaining in an unhappy way 发
w•.①to talk in a quick or casual way 喋喋不休
牢骚，抱 怨 【同 moan】肠 沒 a/
Everyone's chattering away in different lan-
about your own stupid mistakes? 你自己犯
分从收妨. 大家用不同的语言喋喋不休地说着D
了愚蠢的錄误，为什么向我抱怨？ // Cor^wmers
© _ 揪，吱吱叫 77泌 s/)arrow;s are
g?nmbled their endless complaints.消费者无
in认必分ardew.麻 雀 在 花 园 中 啥 地 叫
休止地抱怨
③ I牙齿、打额 Cold made his teeth chatter•寒
/i.牢骚，怨 言 a 发牢骚，抱怨
冷使他的牙齿打颤。
/i.喋喋不休；啁啾声，吱吱的叫声；（牙齿>打颤声//e
grunt /gr_
turned a deaf ear to his mother’s chatter.
v.①作呼噜声执e soimrf 〇/ a p句沒nmKw分猜
他对母亲的唠唠叨叨听而不闻。
发出的咕嗜声
【派生】chatterbox 话匣子
② 发哼声 He grunted as the bullet hit him.
子弹击中他时，他疼得哼出声来
commonplace /'komanpleis/
③ 咕味着说出 沒 化
77^ drive?• raw d, 【助记】common(普通的）+place(位S )—►普通的
执a/ A/ic/w祕Z ims cm2沒. 司机咖咬着，深信迈
a .普通的 We believe that traveling to the moon
纪尔氣3 // grunt one’s apology咕束杳道故
soon commonp/ace.我们相信，登月旅
7i• 呼嚕声，咕味 Tom just gave a gmnt and
行很快将变得非常普通。
went back to sleep.汤姆只是气了一声，义睡
w•寻常的事物 Jef now; a cowimow-
着了。
乘喷气式飞机旅行现在是寻常的事
Stammer /staeme/
vertical /v3:tii i/
〇
v.结巴，口吃 He stammers when he feels ner-
【助记】vert(转)+ical—►垂直旋转的一► 垂直的
?;oi/占.他一紧张就结巴 // stommer a
仏垂直的77祕 〇 / 肌 〇 对 那 个 山 崖
/ew; words结结巴巴地说出几个字
近乎垂直。
n•口吃 His skimmer rendered him unfit f〇7， a
【派生】vertically M •垂直地
如/).他口吃的毛病使他不宜担任教职
token Aaukan/
stutter /stAta/
/i. (D(用作某种特殊用途的替代货币的）筹码a sw卜
v• 结巴【同 stammer】/ 祕似 so Ziaro^ J
to&ew地铁代币
thought I would stutter when I spoke.我那
② sth. that represents a feeling, fact, event
时抖得很厉害，我觉得说话时都会结结巴巴，//
etc.信物，标志 切/iite^Za分 is wsed 似 cr to-
stutter one’s way through a sUn、结结巴巴
/cew 〇/ swrre/ider. 白旗被用作投降的信号 //
地讲完一个故事
Please accept this gift as a small token of
n•结 K The lit tie girl speaks with a little stut-
cmr* a仍)recic^iow.区区薄礼，略表谢意
仏r.小女孩说话有点口吃
③ 礼券a 6〇 〇 的 讲 购 书 礼 券 /礼券
a. 象征性的 77说 on/沒 a tofcen r*e-
mutter /mAta/
敌人只是象征性地抵抗了 一下。
v. ® to speak quietly so that it is difficult for
•328.【短语】by the same token同样地 grim /grim/
at• ①very bad, ugly, or unpleasant 讨厌的，糟糕
vaccinate /vaeksineit/
的a grim day靖糕、的一欠
给 注射疫苗，打预防针 说
w . … S/ i m s vaccinated
② looking or sounding very serious 严肃的，严
against s?nallpox as a child. 地小时候就接
酷的 He looked grim; I could tell something
种了天花疫苗。
众. 他表情严肃，我知道可能出事了
【派生】 vaccination n•种痘，疫苗接种// vaccine
③ making you feel worried or unhappy 令人
/i. 痘苗，疫苗
担忧的 There’s more grim news from the
sting /sti〇/ imr之owe.战区传来更多令人担忧的消息
vi.①刺，暂 Bees do not mrnnaUy sti?ig without
salute /S9iu：t/
being provoked.如策没有、惹它、蜜蜂通常是
【助记】sal(健康的）+ute— 问候对方健康— 向…致意
不螫人的。
比 ① 向 …敬 礼 Wfe sa/wte执 JZa分 a/
② 感到剧痛 Chopping oniom makes my eyes
sc/iooZ. 我们在学校每天向国旗行礼
我们眼睛因为切洋葱辣得很痛
②赞扬 Today we salute these citizens for
vt. Y刺，M He was stung by a jellyfish.他被水
their commitment to our community.今欠，
母蜇伤了。
我们要赞扬这些公民对我们社会所做出的奉献
(^)躺痛 The antiseptic might sting a little.
vi.敬礼，致意 The soldier saluted when he saw
这种消毒剂可能会引起点刺痛
//紹分ewercr/. 士兵看见将军时举手敬礼
③ 激怒 Lathan was stimg by tke senator’s
//.敬礼，致意；鸣礼炮分i泥/ cr 敬礼
/wzrs/i 来森因受到参议员的严厉批
评感到气愤 hail /heii/
/!•(昆虫的）S 刺；刺（痛 对 以 分 〇/ 【助记】发音：“嘿呦”―向…欢呼―为…喝彩
smote风刮/烟熏的刺痛 "•①雹 summei' hail sometimes falls and
【用法】过去式、过去分词stung /Tie crops.夏天有时下冰雹，使农作
物受到损害。
SOW /S9U/
②一阵a feaiZ 〇/ 仏一阵弹雨
v/. JS(#) Wkatevei' a man sows, that he will al-
W.下霍/Z feaited Zas/ ni分加.昨夜下雹子了
5〇 r执ip.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆
v/•①to call to sb. in order to greet them or try
【用法】过去式sowed，过去分词sown/sowed
to attract their attention 招呼 5/犯 /wrifcd a
sprout /spraut/ cat amf te/f iw仍*⑽ ⑻ e 她叫了一辆计程
车，匆匆忙忙地走了。
v . ①发芽 The weather becomes hotter and
②to speak of or welcome (sb. or sth.) with
trees are starting to sprout new leaves in
6似 切 3 月初，天气暖和起来，树木开始吐 praise or enthusiasm 为…喝彩 77^
露新芽。 hailed the actress with joy. \群高兴也向那
② to appear suddenly in large numbers 位女演员欢呼。
〜 )迅速出现 【短语】hail from来自，出生于
( w/7 6/oc/cs seem to
sprouting up everywhere.办公楼群似乎次各
regime /rei'3i：m/
处冒了出来。
【助记】reg(统治）+ime~*•政权
【派生】bean-sprout w•豆芽
n,政权 Things iu this war-ridden country will
stern /st3:n/ change under the new regitne.在新政权的治
a. serious and strict，and showing strong disap 理下，这个饱受战乱之苦的国家情况会有所改变
proval of sb.’s behavior 严厉的 The police
saddle /saedl/
are planning sterner measures to combat
n .[马）鞍；车座 Better lose the saddle than the
crime警方正制定更严历的措施打击犯罪活动。
Zior%•[谚j宁可丢鞍，不可失马
n•船尾 She seated herself in the stem.地全进
vt• ①给…装鞍 He saddled his horse cmd rode
了船尾。
•329.他给马装上接子，便骑上走了。 simplify /simpiifai/
©to cause (sb. or sth.) to have (a problem, 【助记】 简单 化)—简化
simpli( )+fy(…
burden, responsibility, etc.)使承担任务 //e vt•滴 it Simplify the story to make it easier to
saddled his parents with debts.他让父母背 wnderstoiKi把故事简化一点，让它更容易理解。
上了债务。 【派生】simplicity 简单，朴实
w•
【短语】in the saddle在职，掌权
disposition Adispo'ziJ an/
topple /topi/ 【助记】 dis (apart)+pos (放）+ition— 分 开 放 置 ，便于
V•①摇摇欲坠，使（某物）倒 下 77祕piteo/boote
部署— 部署
吻少ted over on如 Woor.那一找书倒在地 n. ® a particular type of character which makes
H Q // The gale toppled out TV aerial, k sb. likely to behave or react in a certain way
风吹倒我们的电视天线。 性格 执
jT fcave neyer anyone swc/i a
② 推 翻 【同 overthrow】 ft)汾ica/ 我从未遇到过性格如此
threatens to topple the regime.政治联败政 开朗的人。
府有被推翻的危险。 ② a tendency or willingness to behave in a
particular way 意向撕执仿* sicte stoics
uproot Mpru:t/
slightest disposition to compromise.双方丝
vA 将（植物）连根拔起 Windoi^s w;ere and
毫没有表现出妥协的意思。
large trees were uprooted.窗被打碎，大树被
③部 署，布 置 disposi^on 〇/ 军队部
连根拔起3
署
•330.典型考题精练
1. If each manager makes liis usual speech, the meeting will be for forty-five minutes.
A. expanded . B. prolonged C. delayed D. exceeded
2. The ceremony will ______ as soon as the minister arrives.
A. complete B. commence C. disperse D. descend
3. Nowadays many rural people flock to the city to look for jobs on the assumption that the streets
there are ______ with gold.
A. overwhelmed B. stocked C. paved D. overlapped
4. In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction, foresaw many of the
technological wonders that are ______ today.
A. transient B. commonplace C. implicit D. elementary
5. Harry was ______ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.
A. stung B. stuck C. bitten D. scratched
6. Find a(n) ______ for any mounting frustration.
A. vent B. sprout C. outlet D. swell
7. We were caught in the rain and came home
A. saturated B. muttered C. saluted D. uprooted
8. It is intended to enable you to record and network traffic in a development environment.
A. diffuse B. delete C. decode D. dissolve
9. What I found _ me up a little bit.
A. enchanted B. sobered C. soothed D. sniffled
10. You've been to Tom on the phone for ages.
A. stammering B. shuttering C. muttering D. chattering
11. For the effect, you need to specify a size, with the horizontal size fn*st, and then the
size.
A. vertical B. chronological C. spatial D. practical
12. To give the devil his due, he is quite a worker.
A. conscious B. conscientious C. contemporary D. concrete
13. **Let the world know China0 should no longer remain an empty ______.
A. banner B. jargon C. slogan D. slang
14. After the biggest credit bubble of all time, we now may have the biggest fraud of all time. The
underlined part means .
A. greed B. swindle C. riot D. ravage
15. We should learn to and analyze the essentials of complicated questions.
A. discern B. debate C. concern D. concentrate
16. This film is not recommended for those of a nervous
A. personality B. disposition C. character D. temper
17. You may find this a bit overcomplicated, so I will it.
A. justify B. clarify C. simplify D. verify
18. His countrymen cannot forget the face of war.
A. rebellious B. savage C. insane D. gross
19. agreement the rent was to be determined by a surveyor.
A. In terms of B. On behalf of
C. In default of D. On account of
331 •20. The visiting head of state was given the honor of a twenty-one _____.
A. prize B. reward C. salute D.pledge
% 答案与译文
1. |B丨如果每位经理都按惯例发言，会议将被延长45分钟
2. [B丨等部长一到典礼就开始
3. [C丨如今，许许多多的农民蜂拥到城市找工作，他们以为那里的大街上满地都是金子
4. [B]早在19世纪晚期，科幻小说大师儒勒•凡尔纳就预见了很多在今天很常见的技术奇迹
5. [A|哈里采蜜时被蜜蜂蛰了一下
6. [C1为积压的失落感寻求发泄途径
7. |A]我们挨了雨淋，回家时已浑身湿透
8 . 丨C ] 它的B 的是使您能够在开发坏境中记录并解码网络流量
9 . 丨丨i]我所发现的情况使我头脑清醒了一点。
10. [丨>丨你在电话上和汤姆唠叨很久了
11. [A丨为实现这个效果，您需要指定一个尺寸，首先是水平尺寸，然后是垂直尺寸
12. 丨B1平心而论，他工作还是认真的
13. [C1 •‘让世界了解中国”不应该再停留在一句空洞的口号上
14. |B丨在经历了史上最大的信贷泡沫之后，我们现在或许将迎来史上最大的蹁局
15. [A1我们应该学会认识和分析复杂问题的本质
16. 丨B]这部电影不适合神经质的人观看
17. [C】您可能发现这有点儿过于复杂，所以我将简化它
18. |B]他的同胞们无法忘记战争野蛮的面目
19. [C】由于没有协议租金将由检查员决定。
20. 【C ] 来访的国家元首领受了二十一响礼炮的礼遇
. 332./
K e l
单词预习+返记
□tariff □denote □tuck □scar □snap □dash
□auction □cue □dip □elapse □batter □lash
□patron □spur □glue □recede □battery □fling
□subsidy □coordinate □fuse □eclipse □hurl □narrate
□subsidiary □host □toss □ebb □roar □compliment
□stack □affirm □swallow □bestow □pump □tribute
□heap □incentive □devour □temperate □gnaw □ample
□panel □repeal □ gulp □tedious □growl □amplify
□rack □levy □spit □clutch □click □formidable
□exempt □lever □horn □clasp □dye □erect
□charter □tow □elbow □splash □surge □monument
□enact □drag □inhale □sprinkle □compute □mourn
□intact □tug □exhale □spray □automate □miserable
□doctrine □haul □heave □crack □plausible □latent
□lobby □hook □sigh □bark □brisk □zeal
□allege □angle □recollect □bang □symmetiy □gut
tariff /taerif/ subsidies are necessarij for keeping down
/i.①a tax on goods coming into a country or the prwe of dairy products and bread. 食品
going out of a country 关税 77⑻r ^ a i奶 补贴对控制乳制品和面包的价格是必要的
high tariff on jewelry. 宝石类的税率很高 【派生】subsidize v• 给…补助金，资助
②（旅馆、饭店等）价目表A ⑼仍/ 〇/ / / 犯厂
subsidiary /sabsidian/
is placed in each bedroom•每一卧室有一份
【助记】sub (behind) +sid (坐）+iary *坐在后面的一►
价目表。
辅助的
auction f〇：k^n/ a. connected with, but less important than sth.
vt, 拍卖 The costumes from the movie are to else辅助的，次要的Ccm々 o"⑻V
n .胶水dry glue干睃 uwcte. 不要轻信他人的话
•337*③ to stop yourself from showing a feeling, 【用法】过去式、过去分问spat/spit
esp. anget 承受 Nancy tiied to swallow her
horn /h〇：n/
displeasure and S7niled.南希尽力忍住不佚、
//•①角 The young goat was just beginning to
强作欢颜
分rem，/?oms. 这只小山羊刚开始长角
n. I燕子 Chie swallow docs not make a su?n-
②喇口八 77祕 drirer Wew，feer wV
mer.[谚】一燕不成夏
child stepped in front of the ca r.备那•]、孩
②吞，咽 a/ erne — 口就…
走到汽车前面时，司机按响了喇口八
【一目辨异】swallow, taste, digest
【派生】homed 〇•有角的
Some books are to be tasted, others to be
swallowed，and some few to be chewed and elbow /elbau/
digested. (Francis Bacon)有些书会而止，有 n. M Elbow grease gives the best polish.苦千
些书可以囫囵吞枣，少数则需咀嚼消化（弗朗西 出好活
斯•培根） v/.用肘推 He elbowed his way through the
crowd.他在人群中挤出一条路
devour /divaua/
inhale /in'heii/
【助记 1 de((lowi\)+vour(吞）一►吞啦
【助记】in(into)+hale(呼吸)一^吸入
此 ①to destroy (sth.) completely 吞噬 77犯 yZames
v. to breathe in air, smoke, or gas 吸入（气体等)
devoured the entire building.火絡各嚷 了整
It is dangerous to inhale ammonia fumes.
栋大楼
气支浪it检的 // Do you inhale when
② 狼吞虎咽地吃（光）77祕 bo#咖-
2/cm smote?你抽烟时是否把烟吸入肺里？
voured his dinner.饥恢的男孩狼各ft咽地吃
完饭
exhale /eks'heil/
③ to read sth. quickly and eagerly 贪婪地看
【助记】ex(out)+hale(呼吸）一►呼出
{听、读等 1 Sto wrecMto new
V. to breathe air, smoke etc. out of your mouth
她如饥似渴地读那本新侦探小说
呼（气），呼出 He lit his cigar and exhaied
④ to be filled with a strong feeling that
smoto.他点燃雪恭，然后吐出烟雾// a
seems to control you占据…的全部注意力
deep breath, then exhale slowly.深深吸气，
Cindy felt devoured by jealousy.辛 ik 心 l 先
再慢慢呼气
满了妒忌
heave /hi：v/
gulp /gAlp/
【助记】举 (heave)向天空(heaven)
n• —D He drank the vodka in one gulp.他将
付.① to lift or pull (sth.) with effort 举起，提起 J
伏特加一饮而尽
heaved the heavy box up the steps•我汛力
vt. to swallow large quantities of food or drink
把这个重箱子搬上楼梯:
quickly RS P& She gulped down her
②发出（叹息、呻吟等） toared a si分/i o/re-
cmd raw /or /以 • 她匆匆喝掉咖_ ,
lief when she went out, leaving us in
赶公车去了
她出去后我们才得以安宁，大家都松了一
口气。
vi••吐唾沫（或疫）/作 mete <〇句沿in pwWic•在 vi. ① （〜故，on) 举起 77祕 saitors a// /祕ared on
公共场合随便吐痰是不礼貌的 仇？ rope ir? s/orm.暴风雨中，水手们都用
W• 吐 出 6/⑻(/吐血 力拽住缆绳
n•睡液 Mary’s spit flew as she spoke.冯丽说 ② (有节奏地）起伏//& q/ter
话时唾液四溅 race， breathiiig heavily. 赛跑之后，他嗔着粗
【短语】spit out 历 •说出 //e spa/ ow/ cm i/ww" 气，胸部不停地起伏
iw some/orei分w /cm仍川w •他用某种外语恶狠 ③ 呕吐【同 vomit】//e /iaryed up q/?er (Mw/c-
狠地骂着粗话 如分£〇〇 他酒喝得太多，呕吐了
•338.n• 每起： With a mighty heave he lifted the sadc eclipse /I'kiips/
owto伙必frwcfc.他用劲一举，把大麻袋扔到卡
//. 1 (日、月）食 ^4 sotor ecZipse occurs 名以
车上c moon passes between the sun and the
ear执.当月球从地球和太阳之间穿过时就会发
sigh /sai/
生日食3
tu 叹息（声）/祕
5
②a loss of power, success, popularity, etc.
a sigh of relief.地宽
消失 Many actors go into eclipse after
慰地舒了一口气
dea/Zi. 许多演员死后声名衰退
v i.叹島、Ekte?ii/ people
vf•①（ B 、月）食 The moon is partly eclipsed. H
often sigh for the
偏食了
bygone days.老人^
2 to deprive (sb. or sth.) of significance, pow
常叹息消逝的年华
er, or prominence 使暗淡 S7论 ？:s gwik
recollect Areka’lekt/ eclipsed by her clever younger' sister. 在聪
【助记】re(again)+collect(收集）一M"J 忆 明的妹妹映衬之下，她变得黯然失色
w. to be able to remember sth.回忆 Dcruenpor/
ebb /eb/
tried to recollect when he had last used his
W.①退潮，落潮77?€ 6印a n 纟〇 潮水开始
car.达文波特努力回想他最后一次使用他的汽
退落。
车是在什么时候
②to gradually decrease衰退，逐渐减少如
【派生】recollection w•[常/?/•】记忆力，回想
night felly our enthusiasm began to ebb
scar /ska：/ crw;o^ . 我们的热情随着夜晚的降临而渐漸低落
n. X 伤范 The cut in her hand has healed com 下来。
pletely， witfwut leaving a scar. 地手 上的 刀 n•①退潮，落潮 We floated away from the beach
伤完全愈合了，没有留下一点伤痕： cm 趁退潮时我们漂离海滩
② 创伤a m ⑽/a/ scar精神上的创伤 ②to be in a bad state or condition 处于低潮
vt.(给…）留下伤痕 The terrible expeiience had By March, the economy was at its lowest
scar/它d /iim /or h/e. 那次可怕的经历在他的 劝6.至3 月份，经济衰退至最低点：
心灵上留下了一辈子无法消除的创伤 【短语】at a low ebb处 于 低 潮 // the ebb and
flow消长，兴衰// on the ebb正在衰落
elapse /I'laeps/
【助记】e(away)+lapse(溜)一►(时间）消逝 bestow /bistau/
vf. (of time) to pass by 消逝乃⑻ years /wzw vt. to give sb. sth. of great value or importance
elapsed since I entered the university.我进 把…赠与，把…给 予 bestowed great honor's
汉p c m 他把荣誉授予这位英雄
大学读书到现在，已过去两年了
recede /risi:d/ temperate /temparat/
【助记】re(back)+cede(走）— 向后走一► 退 a• ① （指气候）温和的77犯 c/ima給 is
这里气候溫和
vi. ®to move gradually away from sb. or away
②emotionally calm and controlled 适度的，有
from a previous position il, ii 4 As the tide
节制的 /fe is a man, and n^i;er
receded we were able to look for shells. :M
driw/cs too mwcfc.他是个有节制的人，从不过
水退去，我们就能寻找贝壳了
量喝酒。
(2)to become gradually weaker or smaller (景
物、声音）渐渐远去
/ooteteps tedious /'ti:dies/
d?:切awce渐渐远去的脚步声
a. boring and too slow or long 乏味的 a//
③ (of a facial feature) to slope backwards 向
these calculations without a computer
后倾斜，缩进a slightly ?*eceding chin稍微向
would be extremely tedious.没有计算机释
后倾斜的下巴
助，做所有这些计算会极其单调乏味。
•339-clutch /kUtJ/ ol sth.撒 He sprinkled vinegar on his fish
vi. to suddenly take hold of sb. or sth. because d^ps.他把賠;’西在鱼和著条上
you are frightened, in pain or in danger n•少量 I put a sprinkle of nuts cm the cake.
(〜a/)企图抓住 yl mem ?/，?•// 我在糕饼上撒了一点果仁，
a/ a ,/7〇〇//叫 .s7mm —个即将被淹死的人会连
spray /sprei/
一根漂浮的稻草也要抓住的
v•喷 ，（使 } 派散 S/祀 /犯rse// 从//" pe/*-
v/. to hold sth. tightly because you do not want
/ w m e 她往自己身上喷香水 // Champagne
to lose it 抓 紧 【同 grip】77犯 ./W//冲 mcm
sprayed from the bottle.香模酒队版子I 哨斯
认/^ rope.那个正在坠落的男人紧紧地
出来
抓住了绳子
n. 0 浪花，水花 Saif spray e丨vded tke bnclfje.
n. D离合器air eft/iefe气动离合器
含盐份的浪花腐蚀了这座桥
② 丨常〆j掌握，控 制 iwYo
②喷雾 Fndt can be discoloured by the us()
of the rebel f〇7，ces.地落入了板军的手中
o/sprer^/.使用喷雾削就可以使水果改变其颜色
③ 抓紧 I shook myself free of her clutcfi. A
从她的紧抓中挣脱出来 crack /kraek/
v• ①（使）破裂，（使）产生裂纹/ w ⑺W
clasp /klaisp/
boiiing water can crack the glass.在束冷的
n .①扣子，销子 Tke bracelet has a gold da,sp.
天气，沸腾的开水会把破璃杯烫裂
这只手镯有个金搭扣
② （使）嚼_ 地响 77纪 cnKrftef/ /々rea/ra-
② 紧抱 He took her hand in a fi丨m clasp.
从鞭子挥得噼啪响，很吓人
他紧握着她的手
③ to hit sb. or sth. hard 打，击 J s/i卻仪i and
vt. ®to hold sb. or sth. tightly, closing your fin
cracked 7ny fwad on the door. A 滑， 一政，
gers or arms around them 抱紧 Julia
头撞在门上
Roberts clasped the Oscar Award in her
/z. ①裂缝 77i汉/ wp. 最便宜的货物被很快抢购一空
叱 （用泵}抽（水），打 气 77说 pirnp.s fe/ood
【派生】snapshot /!•快照
m 沁 格 . 心 胜 把 血 液 压 送 至 血 管
batter /baeta/
gnaw /no：/
【助记】batt(打）+er(表示反 动作）一>连续猛击
H
v .①咬，靖 Hie rat gnawed a hole through the
v. to hit sb. or sth. again and again, in a way
w;cr//.耗子在墙上喷了个洞// The puppy was
that hurts sb. or causes damage 连续猛击
分mimin分ow a bcme. 小狗正在喷一恨骨头
As a child she was battered by her father.
② to make sb. feel worried or frightened,
孩提时，她被父亲殴打// 77祀u?a?;es 汉/
over a period of time 折磨，（使}烦恼 Fear
against the shore.波浪拍ir着海库
and anxiety gnawed at her heart. 恐惧和不
n. 面糊 These pancakes are made fwm batter.
安折磨着她的心
这些薄煎饼是用面糊做的
growl /graul/
battery /baetari/
v• ①（狗等）嗥叫，（雷、炮等）轰鸣阶/敗
【助记】batter(连续猛击)+y— 排炮
thunder growling in the distance. A 们听免
n.①电池 Cell phones use rechargeable batter-
远处隆隆的雷声
ies. 手机使用充电电池
②to say sth. in a low angry voice (人）咆哮
② 排 炮 Z/说 in arm^/军队中的炮
分rou，/ a respoTi從怒冲冲地说话// “Get out
组、炮兵连
〇/ 饥2/欲12/,”心分roided• “滾开，”他p包哮道
® —系列 a o/gw(?s/i(ms —连串的质问
//.晦叫声，唯哮；轰鸣声/ c/o^r，祕/iid?
【归类卡片】电学常用词
responded with a growl.我踢 1 那条狗，它使
battery电 池 resis丨or电阻 voltage电压
狂吠起来
charge 电荷 current 电流 circuit 电路
capacity 电容 switch 开关 click /klik/
v• ①（使）发出昨PS声 77犯 door dicA^d 门
hurl /h3：i/ 叶处一声关上了 // The man opposite kept
v/•① to throw sth. with a lot of force, esp. be clicking his bailpoint pen.对面的男子一良把
cause you are angry 猛投 RioLs hurled a 圆珠笔弄得咔嗒作响
brick through the windsci'een of a car. 暴力 ②点击 F〇7. m〇7，e information， please click
•341想得到更多信息，请点击此处 妮•斯皮尔斯讲话声调轻快
/I•昨 啦 声 钟 的 叶 ■ 访 声 ② very busy兴隆的，繁忙活跃的/ce-cream
vend〇7，s were doi?ig a brisk trade•冰激凌小
dye /dai/
贩的生意很红火
n .染料hair dye染发别
③ cold and clear寒冷而清新的cr
vt• 给…染色 She dyed her hair jet blade.地把
清新的风
头发染成了乌黑色
s y m m e t r y /simitri/
surge /S3：d3/
【助记】sym(together) +roetry(测量 >—>测结果相
vi. ®to suddenly move very quickly in a partic-
同一>对称
ular direction (人群等）蜂拥而出77犯 crowd
对称（性） •而 分
"• 1 C/m ’s (mc/cm/ s f;
surged丨丨troug丨t fhe gates•、群蜂拥通过各个
specia/ pre/erewce /or &7/mrMeZ 丨义.中国古代建
进出口
筑对对称有着特殊的偏好
② (of an emotion or feeling) to affect sb.
2 句称，整齐 We admired the symmetiy of the
powerfully and suddenly (感情等）洋溢，奔放
paiw/i叹.我们很欣赏这幅画的匀称之美
Helpless mge surged up within m e.无法抑
【派生】symmetric a•对称的
制的怒火在我胸中涌起
③ I 波涛等）汹涌 over dash /dasj/
洲//叩
/or ft勿 低 报 酬 是 职 员 流 动 率 高
cast /ka:st/
的原因。
v t.丨投射（光、视线等）ms/ a 众/ance a/冰督了某
人一眼 // 77故 moow a pa/e /《冰/ over input /input/
the cottages.苍白的只先:西落在农舍上 【助记】in+put(放)— 把信息或数据放进太•—输入
②投，扔【同 throw】 ^f/rfcs teap/ more //• t 投入【反 output】阶 mmr? oiz/pw/
wood was cast on tJw fire.往幕火中丟人 A with less labor input.我们必须投入较少的劳
多的木头时，火星四射 动力而产出较多的产品
1 丢弃，剔除 rcr.s/ /Vow erne’s m/wd 2 输入(信息、程 序 等 /npw/ q/'ctoYa /〇
将顾虑抛诸脑后 .印&你饥向系统输入信息
(1 Everij year the snake casts (off) its vt• 把…输入ii■算机 They inputted 8,000 words
skin.蛇每年都要说皮 /or sor/i??设. 他们把8000词输入作分类处理
([i澳铸，铸造 The statue was cast in bronze.
phase /feiz/
这座雕像是用青铜铸的
w•①a part or step in a process 阶段；方面 77说
//. 1演员表a /is/ 演员清单
election campaign has now entered its final
② 石膏棚带//er /印’s iw a 她的腿打了
p/wise. 竞选活动现在已进入最后阶段 // Fbw
石膏
shouldn’t consider only one phase of the
③ 铸型 //frcr//叫7 cm/ o/ amtm/.物价飞涨，失去
担心琐事，失去了人生的主要目标 控制。
Vi. to treat sb. or sth. without respect or not in a
nuisance
serious way (嗜///〇嘲笑，轻 视 Z)cm 7 以咖 /njuissns/
2/owr tea/认.不可把健康当儿戏 /i.令人讨厌的东西，讨厌的人A/osgwifoe.s crre cr
【短语】a trifle行点儿，稍微Kcm seem a nuisance.
•349-nonsense /'nDnsans/ broad grhi合不抵嘴的笑
【助记】non(无）+sense(意义）— 无意义的话—废话 【短 语 】grin and bear i t 无怨言地接受（或承受）
n. ①words or ideas that are foolish or untrue 【归类卡片】各种“笑”
胡说，废 话 /a/fc wo似e似e 胡 说 八 道 // 77祕 smile微笑 grin露齿而笑
whole idea is a complete nonsense.这整个 guffaw捧腹大笑 chuckle低声浼笑
想法真是大荒谬了 giggle格略地笑 sneer嘲笑
②behavior that is stupid and annoying 冒失
的行动 She won’t stand any nonsense from echo /ekau/
the kids in her dass.地不准许孩子们在课堂 /i.回音，共鸣 /imf an edio m one’s tear/在某
上胡闹。 人心中引起共鸣
vi•发出回声 The hall echoed witfi laughter and
practicable
/prsektikobi/
对 /eeZ. 大厅内回荡着笑声和脚步声
【助记】practiced• 实行）的形容词
vt. to repeat what sb. else has just said; repeat
亿可行的 Those fantastic ideas arc just not
an idea or opinion because you agree with it
practicable, Dcm’t be misled by them.那些离
模仿，附和 K；ord 〇/ fcis sw-
奇的想法不可行，不要被误导了
perior.他随声附和上级的每一句话
core
/ko：/
suck /sAk/
w . ①果心an core苹果核
v• ①吸，晚 Plants suc/c up moistwe from the
(2)the most important or central part of sth.
so//.植物从土壤中吸取水分// a swcA>
核心 Let’s get to the c〇7，e of tke matter.让
ing at Us mother’s bi^east 在妈妈怀 1 吃奶的
我们看看事情的核心
婴儿
【短语】to the core透顶的，卜足的77犯system is
②to draw powerfully以强大吸力吞没价仰代-
fo c o m 这个制度腐败透顶
ful of rip tides! They'll suck you right under.
【归类卡片】果实构造
当心潮头的急流！会把你直卷进水底的
果皮peel 种子seed 果肉flesh
ft.吸，啜，吮 a swefc 〇/ — 口酒
果心core
【短 语 】suck u p 奉承，拍马屁//e’s swe/f-
ing up to the boss.他总I 拍老故的马版
flesh /flej/
【助记】新鲜的（fresh)肉（flesh) lick /lik/
/i.①肉，果 肉 皮 肉 之 伤 // 77犯Jtes办
v. Q)添 She licked the honey off the spoon.地
of the peach teas sweet and juicy.这桃子肉
舔光了调羹上的蜂蜜
味甜汁多，
② to defeat an opponent 打败 / cow/d
②[the 〜]肉体 The spirit is willing but the
ZicA：认e tear/w; //祕r e 我想我们能打败那
flesh is weak. I请]心有余而力不足
儿最好的队
vt. to add more details to sth. in order to make
③ (波浪）轻拍 The waves lick at the seawall.
it clear, more interesting etc.卜m " } 使…充实
波浪轻轻地拍打海堤
(完善、 You need to flesh out your argument
/i. ①添 One last lidc and the milk was gone.
执 a /ew; mo?r (xramp/es. 你需要再多用几
剩奶最后一添而光
个例子来充实你的论点
②a small amount 少 II //e ZiaswY 分 a /icfc 〇/
【短语】in the flesh本人 Ferns to各從
smse. 他没有一丁点儿常识
their heroes in the flesh.崇拜者们成群结队
地去看他们的英雄本人 grateful /*greitf〇i/
仏 感激的【同thankful】 / am 分m/咖 //〇?• ai/
grin /grin/
you have done to direct my academic pro-
vi./n•啾嘴笑 Seeing his stocks on the rise, he
分ram. 我很感谢你在指导我专业学习方面所做
was 分 /mm mr fo mr•眼见自己的
的一切
股票一个劲地往上涨，他笑得合不拢嘴// a
•350gratitude /graetitjuid/ //?石 /i6mr# in gwesZ 〇/’ 他到图书馆
n•感激 Take this in token of my gratitude for 去找玛撒。
aW 2/owr te/p. 请接受这个以表我对你的帮助的
commune n. v.
/*komju:n/ /ka'mjuin/
感激之情
vi. to communicate with sb. or sth. in a very per-
rejoice /rid3〇is/ sonal or spiritual way 交换思想（感受等）rcrto
【助记】re+joice 髙兴 欣爯，高兴 time to relax and commune with nature.
( )—
v i,感到高兴 We rejoiced at (he good news. A 慢放松心情，融于大自然
们为这个好消息而高兴 w. ① 公 社 /加 Air/,s 巴黎公社
②(法国等国家）最小的行政区
screw /skru：/
n .螺丝（钉）/匆/z/ew丨以scm似狩紧螺丝 relay /.ri:iei/
v/.①用螺丝固定 77紀 are to n .①接力赛relay races接力赛
认 用 螺 丝 把 桌 腿 固 定 在 地 板 上 ② 中 继转播rda^/ s/aliaw转播站
②托，梓紧■〇〇«’//〇?•供/ 沁 screw;执 ay) ftadc v/. to pass a message from one person or place
onto丨如/心〇认pasM不要忘记捋好牙骨的盖子 to another 传送，转述 77犯 is 沒
【短语】put the screw(s) o n 对…施加丨1(力 // screw retold⑽ saZd/i仏.节目正在通过卫星转播
up 扭歪，把…弄糟 cmfcte m z %
steep /sti：p/
screwed up our holiday plans!我扭伤了脚
【助记】step(阶梯）中乂加一个e—更高了陡峭的
踝，因而完全打乱了我们的度假计划！
a . ①陡的，陡峭的77祕 few; s放per os
【派生】screwdriver #1•螺丝刀
cKmfted W 冰er. 我们越往上爬路就越陡
forthcoming /.foiS'kAmiQ/ ② unusually expensive (价格等）过高的.s化印
【助记】forth(往前)+coming(就要来的〉—即将到来的 ren仏租金奇高
a . ①appearing, happening, or arriving soon 即 ③ going up or down very quickly 急剧的（上升
将到来的Zk 似即将到来 或 T 降、 There is a steep rise in oil prices
的选举 since imr. 自开战以来石油价格急剧上升
乐于提供消息的 分 v/•浸泡 You have to steep this tea in hot wa-
(D W e osfced seuera/ ers
the way to the mine^ and they are very forth- 《er. 你必须把这包茶叶泡在热水中
我们向几个村民询问通往，山的路，他
们都很乐意相告
magic /'msed3ik/
n. 蔭术magic M^clc敗禾戍法
epoch /i：pDk/ @魔力 The magic of her voice charmed the
/!.时期，时 代 【同 era】77祕 mven汾m 〇/ awdienc已她那歌喉的魅力令观众陶醉。
com/mter maA:從 a n 印odi.计算机的发明是 a .有魔力的 There is no magic formula for in-
划时代的大事： s从ccess. 没有立即成功的神方妙法3
【派生 】epoch-making a• 划时代的，开创新纪元的 【派生】magical at• 魔术的；不可思议的，迷人的//
magician /i. 魔术师
amid /e'mid/
【助记】a(on)+mid 中间）一在…中间 slippery /slipari/
( *•
prep• 在…中间 We groped amid the darkness. a. ©difficult to stand on, move on, or hold be
我们在黑暗中摸索 cause of being smooth, wet, icy, etc. 滑的
Drive carefully: the roads are wet and slip-
quest /kwest/
小心驾驶：路面又湿又滑：
n. a long searchf or sth. that isd ifficult to find
②狡滑的【同tricky】/ ctow’f 执ose s/印pq/
寻求，搜 索 gziesf /or Trw认追求真理//
safesme/i. 我不喜欢那些油嘴滑舌的推销员
leaders are now united in their quest for
p仪ice. 全世界领导人联合起来追求世界和平 temperament /temporamant/
【短语】in questo f寻找，设法找到i/e fo /i. the emotional part of sb/s character, esp. how
•351 •likely they are to be happy, angry etc.气质， vt. to make a formal, usu. public, promise that
性格 Poets often display a nmiantic tem- you will do sth.发誓•保证 77?印 /)如切e "wm-
诗人富有浪漫的气质// a sunny selves never to teU the secret.他们良誓決不
fempemmmf开胡的性格 泄密。
【派生】temperamental a•气质（上）的；变化无常的 【用 法 】名词和动词pledge后面都可以接带to的不
定式或that从句，动词pledge后面还可以直接
Stationary /steij anari/
接宾语（〜 sth.)或接反身代词再接不定式（〜
仏 standing still instead of moving 固定的 DonY
oneself to do sth. )
get ojf the bus until if is fUationary.等公
共汽车停稳了再下车 swear /swea/
v . 卜沮咒，咒骂 Dow’/ stmir iw/row 〇/ f/w?
stationery /steij anon/
c/??7drew. 不要在孩子面前骂人
n. \ 文具： I took my stationery the first thing
②to make a very serious promise 发誓 /)〇
you sxvear on your honor that you will never
我做的第一件事就是领文具
化// 你能以你的名誉发誓永远不会告
② （配套的）信笺信封fto/d sto以onew旅馆的
诉别人吗？
信笺信封
(Dto make a public official promise, esp. in a
【归类卡片】常用文具
court of law 宣誓 evidewce，
eraser橡皮擦 ruler尺 glue胶水
have to swear an oath to tell the truth.在
scissors剪刀 clip回形针 stapler订书机
提供证词前，你必须宣誓保证说实话
compasses 圆规 correction fluid 修正液
【短语】swear by极 信 赖 // swear in [常川被动
语态j使宣誓就职" swear off保证戒掉，放弃
farewell /.feewel/
Vm swearing off alcohol after last night!
/i.告别，欢送会fe/d .sft. /arare//向某人道别// A
昨晚之后，我宣告戒酒了
Farewell to Anns is one of Hemingway’s
【用法】过去式swore，过去分词sworn
永别了，武器》是海明成的杰作
之一 VOW /vau/
w. a serious promise 誓言，誓约 / Zoo/c mar-
inaugurate /i’n〇: gjureit/
riage vows and kept them. A 结婚时立下了
v/. ®to introduce a new development or an im
誓言而且一直信守诺言
portant change The moon landing in
vt. to make a serious promise to yourself or sb.
augurated a new era in space exploration.
else立誓，起誓 She vowed that she would
登上月球开启了大空探索的新纪元
w⑼er dr/w/c a分afw. 她发誓绝不再喝酒了
2 to introduce a new public official or leader
at a special ceremony为…举行就职典礼 oath /au0/
Amei'ican presidents are ahcays inaugurat-
n. ① a formal and very serious promise 誓言
ed on January 20 th.失風色洗 &先在 l 20
Obama took the oath of office as Ute 44th
日宣誓就职
President of the United States. -% 巴马宣誓良
为 举行开幕式，为 举行落成仪式 犯
3 … … 77 为美国第44任总统
library was irmu gum ted by the mayor.市长
@咒骂 He shouted oaths and curses as they
为新建成的图书馆举行开幕仪式
too/c Ziim 他们把他带走时，他大声地证
【派生】inaugural «•就职的；开幕的
咒谩骂。
【短语】on/under oath在法庭上宣过符77w?
pledge /pied3/
a firm promise or agreement esp. one made
trns wrnto，ocr/fe. 证词在宣誓后
提供。
publicly or officially 发誓，保证，誓言
hmver fulfilled his election pledge to end
ritual /nt/uai/
//u? itw ?•/? 艾森豪成尔履行了他竞选
/!•①(宗教等的）仪 式 你 必 ri^/cr/ o/ a?? 众wm-
时所许下的结束朝鲜战争的诺言
•352./icm就职典礼 fention to whaf was said.他没怎么注意听讲
②sth. that you do regularly and in the same
paddle /paedl/
way each time 例行公事约/ 冰o/d
n.楽 My grandfather lived on tnaking paddles.
have become a morning ritual.家务已经成
我祖父靠制作船桨谋生
了我早晨的例行公事
v•用奖划 They paddled doum the river in a
作为仪式一部分的；例 行 的 阶 7/?.€^0狀广?:/|/.-
rcmoe.他们坐在独木舟上向下游划去" pml-
af visit to the pub. A 们照例去了酒吧
dto awe’s owm ccrnoe [口 j 自力更生
sheer /J19/
peddle /pedi/
仏 j :完全的【同 pure】 Swccess /s wof 液/ 6沒
【助记】ped(脚Hdle— 走在街上叫卖—叫卖
sheer luck.氙功不是完全靠运气取得
v/.叫卖，到处贩卖 wwdors pedd/e
②陡蛸的【同 steep】s/^er cto万陡峭的悬崖
goods along the sidewalk.街头摊版沿着人行
©very thin and fine, so that it is almost
道兜售他们的商品// rfru^s版卖毒品
transparent (尼龙、丝绸等）很薄的，几乎透明的
【派生】pedlar/-er/I•小贩
sheer stockings选明长茼丝林
•陡峭地 77 叱 roc/r ? ， / 從 5 ";a/er. pedal /pedi/
崖石矗立水面 【助记】ped(脚)+al->脚踏的东西->踏板
W. to turn suddenly(〜〇# ，a而j)急转向 77祀 AoaY //.踏板a pec/a/ 自行车的脚燈子
sheered away and headed out to sea again. •踩踏板 We pedalled slowly up the hill. A 们
这艘船突然掉头，又驶向大海 慢慢蹬车上山
v/.脚躍peda/ a /r/q/cte骑自行车
auxiliary /〇：gziijari/
【派生】bipedal a•两足动物的
a. ([ giving assistance or support; helping 辅助
的 ST紹 is cm awx//?:ar" nw/，se. 她是一名助理 persecute /p3：sikju：t/
护士。 【助记】per(through)+secute(跟随)一►穷追不舍— 纠纲！
②held in or used as a reserve 备用的 cm V/. (Dt〇 treat (sb.) cruelly or unfairly esp. because
cnm7/cr^/ a/arm 67/对e m 备用警报系统 of race or religious or political beliefs 迫害如仆
ish was cmelly persecuted by Nazis during
naked f neikid/
Secowd Wo?*W W f m 二战期间犹太人遭到
他 一 T 子 vt
②艰难跋涉771印 felted across此？ cteser/.他
完了另一份馅饼
们艰难地穿越沙漠
absolve /sbzoiv/
torment /'torment/ /I. /to:'ment/ vt.
【助记】ab(away) +solv(松开）+e—►松开符制一►免除
/；. ①severe mental or physical suffering 痛苦，折
vt. to say publicly that sb. is not guilty or re-
磨 She lay awake all night, in torment.地一
sponsible for sth• 免除承诺（责任等）；赦免，宣
整晚都没睡着，在痛苦中煎熬
告无罪 The captain is absolved from all
②令人痛苦的人或物77犯 mws/
blame and responsibility for the shipwreck.
feeew a Zonnew/ /or 这次旅行一定让他
那位船长被免除了因船只失事而遭致的非难和
们吃尽了苦头。
罪责 // None of us can be absolved wholly
vt. ①to make sb. suffer a lot, esp. mentally 折
〇/ twow分doir^.我们当中没有一个人的罪行能
磨，使痛苦 He was tvimented by jecdousy.
完全获得赦免
他饱受嫉妒之苦
②to deliberately treat sb. cruelly by annoy- redeem /ri*di：m/
ing them or hurting them 骚扰，烦扰【同 torture】 vt. ®to gain or regain possession of (sth.) in
The older boys would toi'ment him whenev- exchange for paymentHI She is going to
ef they had the chance.那些年纪校大的男孩 redeem her diamond ring.地将綠回地的站
子一有机会就骚扰他 石戒指。
②to make sth. less bad 挽救，弥补
意思了吗？ /i.保释金；保释rdeose s6. cm 6cri/交保释金释放
泉 & // When he was on bail， Ben commit-
thwart /0w〇：t/
• to/ am?认er aisaw//.本在保释期间又犯了袭击罪
vt. to prevent sb. from doing what they are try-
v .①保释莫X Her family paid $50、000 to bail
ing to do 阻烧，使…受挫 77叫/ 仇
/ier oW.她家里付了 5 万美元把她保释出来
in their attempt to gain overall control of
②舀出船中的水W /心 s/w/ci?设 boa/
w 他们想控制整个公司的企图遭到
设/raw以caZ/^z. 我们拼命往外舀
挫敗,
•356-水让正在下沉的船浮着 tangible
/taend3ibl/
【助记】 (接触 +ible 能够的 可触知的
abridge /abrid" tang ) ( )—
a. ®clear enough or definite enough to be eas-
vt. to shorten (a book, a play, etc.) by leaving out
ily seen or noticed 确实的，真实的 fbss’/fc
some parts缩写，缩 短 77犯沉⑹or
give us tangible evidence that dinosaurs re-
right to abridge readers’ letters.编辑有权刪
a//^/ .化石给了我们恐龙确实存在的确
节读者来信。
切证据
Surmount /sa’maunt/ ②able to be touched or felt 可触知的&^//?-
【助记】sur(超过）+mount(山）一►越过山峰一♦■战胜 如re is a 如叫讣化art 雕刻是一种可触
v/•① to succeed in dealing with a problem or 摸的艺术形式
difficulty 克服，战胜 / 仇iw/r mosf 〇/
【派生】intangible a• 触摸不到的，无形的
caw be swrTnowwto/.我认为这些障碍
专四真题
大多数都是可以克服的
②处于或置于 … 的顶端 a pecrA ： . m m o z m t o / The real purpose of an interview is not to
祕以办sno切积雪的峰顶 assess the assessable aspects of each can
didate but to make a guess at the more
harry fhaen/
intangible things, such as personality, char
v/•①to annoy or upset sb. by continuously ask
acter and social ability.
ing them questions or for sth. (不断）烦扰，使
译文；面试的真正目的不是评估每一个应聘者可
烦恼 He was karriecl by phone caUs.接二连 评估的方面，而是对其无形的方面进行推测，比
三的电话令他大为头痛,
如，个性、性格及社交能力
②to attack 侵扰 The Vikings used to harry
£>z分Zisfc coos/.北欧海盗过去常常侵袭英国 scorch /sk〇：tj/
沿海地区。 v. Q 烤 焦 ，烧 焦 The meat will scorch if you
don’tt ower gas. 如果你不把煤气调小一
ferment /*f3：ment/
点，肉就要焦了
n. a situation of great excitement or trouble in
② 使 灼伤，使 枯 萎 the grass hud been
a country, esp. caused by political change 骚
所有的草都被晒得一片枯黄
舌Lt 动乱 The whole of Russia was in ferment.
// The hoi sand scorched our feet. I 紙的沙
俄国当时全国处在动乱之中
子烫着我们的脚
v. ① 使 ) 发 酵 wine is fermented it gives
( /!.烧 焦 处 ，焦 痕 ；枯萎
o/firos.酒发酵时会放出气泡
【派生】scorching a.灼热的；（批评等）尖刻的
②（使 骚动，塘动 你
1 /m/iei d
grill
to rio△他煽动有偏见的群众起来闹事 /gnl/
// His mind was fermenting with plans for vt•①烧烤 I’llg rill you some muttcm. A 象给你
烤一些羊肉吃
vaca^cm.他心里躁动着度假的种种计划
【派生】fermentation n• 发酵；骚动 ② to question (sb.) intensely 拷问 / 祕似 ynT/仪/
by customs officers for several hours.我被
intercept /.mtasept/ 海关官员盘问了妤几个小时
【助记】inter(between)+cept(令)一*•中途拦截 w• 烤 架 ；烤 菜 ；格板 /ormi scrap ?/;ood
vt. to stop sth. or sb. that is going from one place through the vents in the gnll to stoke the
to another before they get there 中 途 拦 截 ；窃 /ire. 杰里从烤架的通风孔塞一些小木片来使火
所 It is illegal to intercept a letter or par- 更旺一些,」
ceZ M/bre i/, cte/irered在送达之前，中途拦
hitch /hit；/
截信件或包裹是非法的：// Oz/r rad?:o com-
v. I 钩住，系住 My dress hitched on a nail.我
municat ions have been intercepted by the
的衣服被钉子挂住了
我方的无线通信被敌方窃听了
②to get a free ride in a person’s car 搭便车
•357.【同 hitchhike】77祕沒 /i故 a// 你^ 欲12/ across 袜子向上提了提.
Ewrope.他们搭顺风车一路穿越欧洲.//
hitchhike /hitjhaik/
a 祕欣,s6. 搭某人的便车
W . 沿途免费搭乘便车旅行Kow’re opening the
/!.① 暂 时 的 困 难 ，短 暂 的 故 障 some
door to trouble by hitchhiking. 沿途搭车会
technical hitches the show finally got under
滋生事端.
几个小的技术故障后演出终于开始了
② 向 上 急 拉 分 aue Ms sodc a Zw7c/i.他把
•358.典型考题精练
1. The doctors the newly approved drug into the patient when he was critically ill.
A. ir\jected B. ejected C. projected D. subjected
2. A lot of ants are always invading my kitchen. They are a thorough ______.
A. nuisance B. trouble C. worry D. anxiety
3. Nancy is only a sort of______ of her husband's opinion and has no ideas of her own.
A. sample B. reproduction C. shadow D. echo
4. The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them according to
its national ______•
A. engagement B. destiny C. capacity D. temperament
5. As an excellent shooter, Peter practised aiming at both______ targets and moving targets.
A. standing B. stationary C. still D. stable
6. He gave a ______ to handle the affairs in a friendly manner.
A. pledge B. mission C. plunge D. motion
7. It may be necessary to stop in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in
the lessons.
A. at a distance B. at intervals C. at ease D. at length
8. He tried to hide his _____ patch by sweeping his hair over to one side.
A. barren B. bare C. bald D. bleak
9. Slavery was ______ in Canada in 1833, and Canadian authorities encouraged the slaves, who
escaped from America, to settle on its vast virgin land.
A. diluted B. dissipated C. abolished D. resigned
10. When you put up wallpaper, should you ______ the edges or put them next to each other?
A. coincide B. extend C. overlap D. collide
11. Every member of society has to make a ______ to struggle for the freedom of the country.
A. pledge B. warranty C. resolve D. guarantee
12. The combined of both businesses has doubled in the last two years.
A. cast B. turnover C. quest D. setting
13. Cleaning face, brushing tooth and tiding articles seems to be ______, but is the essential living
habit in daily life.
A. nuisance B. ritual C. auxiliary D. trifle
14. In practice, to some extent the Senate and the Congress are ______ by the views of public
opinion.
A. swayed B. thwarted C. deterred D. demolished
15. He achieved his aim by sheer strength of will. The underlined part means ______.
A. utmost B. pure C. naked D. steep
16. The US energy department said global oil demand will fall this year and next, marking the first
two ______ years’ decline in 30 years.
A. conservative B. contemporary C. consecutive D. comparative
17. A book publisher may alter or a work with the permission of the copyright owner.
A. overwrite B. abridge C. abolish D. tangle
18. These travelers had expected it was a desirable travel, but now they lost their ways in
the ______ desert.
A. desolate B. slippery C. bald D. tangible
•359.19. Many mothers pay attention to theii' own needs when their children are small.
A. inferior B. sparse C. scarce D. scant
20. His dark and penetrating eyes seemed to the shelter of her veil.
A. pierce B. thrust C. poke D. prick
答案与译文
1. [A1当这个病人病危时，医生把新被认可的药注入他体内
2. [A]许多蚂蚁进入我的厨房，它们是群令人讨厌的东西
3. |D]南希只是她先生的观点的应声虫，而没有一点自己的想法
4. |D1中日两国文化有许多共同特点，但由于彼此的民族特质不同，其应用情况也有差别
5 . 丨B]作为一名优秀的射手，彼得既练习瞄准静止的目标，也练习瞄准移动的目标
6 . 丨A j 他许诺过他会以友好的方式来处理这些事
7 . 丨B]在学习过程中也许有必要每隔一段时间停下来，再回头复习一下课文中的难点
，
8. [C]他把头发全梳到一边 试图盖住那块斑先、
9. [C】1833年，加拿大废除了奴隶制当局鼓励从美国逃跑的奴隶在其广袤的处女地上定居
10. [C]贴墙纸时，是应该将墙纸的边缘重叠还是让它们相互紧挨着呢？
11. [A]每个社会成员都应发誓要为国家的自由而战
12. 丨B]过去两年了，这两家企业的综合营业额翻了一番
13. |D】洗脸、刷牙、整理物品虽是日常琐事，却是不可少的生活习惯。
14. [A]实际上，参议院和国会在某种程度上会受到公众的影响
15. 丨B]他纯粹靠意志力达到了目的/ 划线部分的意思是____。
16. 丨C ] 美国能源部表示，今明两年全球石油需求均会下降,这将是30年来首次出现连续两年下降的情况
17. [B]图书出版者经作者许可，可以对作品修改、删节〜
18. [A]这些旅游者原本以为这是次称心的旅游，但现在他们在荒凉的沙漠里迷了路
19. [D】孩子们小的时候，许多母亲都忽视自己的需求
20. [A】他那双锐利的黑眼睛好像刺穿了她那块面纱的遮蔽
. 360.mmmSd
单词预习+返记
□hush □moor □legacy □marshal □slander □sponge
□muffle □pasture □overrule □bandage □smear □peg
□shudder □gorge □loaf □dynamite □hawk □mill
□tickle □revivify □flake □enlist □buck □scoop
□buoy □revitalize □mint □skirmish □bug □unearth
□daze □straighten □prune □ration □bust □stall
□slam □preface □sour □buffet □pore □slant
□lumber □chronicle □crab □dodge □vein □skyrocket
□engrave □sarcastic □spawn □subdue □gum □tan
□pluck □satire □zigzag □annex □lap □streak
□bluff □tick □dot □vacate □palm □grit
□puff □audit □brim □spy □herald □discretion
□thaw □embargo □skip □foil □throng □rehabilitate
□ripple □dock □dart □plunder □tramp □slate
□twinkle □annul □crown □handcuff □knot
hush /hAj/ The man put his hand over the little boy
vt. to make sb. stop shouting, talking, crying /〇 "is screams. 那个人用手捂住小男
etc.使沉默，使安静•?/祕 frkd /ms/i /ier 孩的尖叫声。
wo人s" /aiter. 她试图让吵吵嚷嚷的父亲安静下来 ② to cover yourself or another person with
v/. to stop shouting, talking etc. 安静 A// 〇/ W5 sth. thick and warm蒙住（头部或眼睛），裹住
hushed when the teacher walked in.当老师 He went out into the snow muffled up in
走进来时，我们大家全都静了下来 his scarf and thick overcoat.他用围巾和厚
n• 沉默，安静 A hush feli over the crowd and I 大衣把自己裹得严严实实，迎着雪花向外面走去
knew something terrible had happened.人
shudder "Ada/
群突然一片肃錚，我便知道一定发生了什么可怕
的事情了。 vi. ®to shake because of fear, cold, etc.抽动，
敌栗 Just thinking about the accident makes
专四真题
me s/mcWer. — 想到这起事故，我就发枓
Months after my trip to Egypt, I can relive
②（交通工具、机器等）剧烈震动，颤动77^的1加
the rush of emotion I felt and sense the
s/mcWcred吣 a 如".火车剧烈震动一下就停
hush that descended on the crammed Cairo
住了。
museum's Tutankhamen gallery.
译文：埃及之行过后几个月，我还能清晰地记得 tickle /tiki/
我当时的激动之情，以及在拥挤的埃及博物馆图 vf.①胳肢，呵痒 Babies want to be tickled and
坦卡蒙法老展厅里感受到的那片肃靜 /m卵饥/.嬰儿喜欢轻轻5 痒和紧紧拥抱
②to amuse and interest sb. 使愉悦 / 从似
muffle /mAfi/
tickled by her description of the wedding.
vl ① to make a sound less loud and clear, 我听了她对婚礼的描述觉得很有趣
esp. by covering sth.抑住（声音），使（声音）减
•361 •buoy /boi/ ?7//wm6er.卡车被派出去运木材
"• an object that floats on the sea, a lake etc. ②large objects that are no longer useful or
to mark a safe or dangerous area 浮标 As wanted 无用杂物 Wip /心 /mn6er cm/ 〇/
we surfaced, the boat， which had been tied 仍rra供.我们清理了汽车间里无用的杂物
io a 6鉍 〇 沒 sNZZ 当我们浮出水面
engrave /in'greiv/
时，系在浮标上的船还是完好的 " life buoy
v厶①在（石、木等）上雕刻//e /wk/ ew-
救生衣，救生圈
grave his name on the back of the watch.
v/•① to keep sth. floating 使浮着
他请钟表匠把他的名字刻在手表的背面
leaf was buoyed up by a current of air. 一
②to be impossible to forget 使深深印入如
股气流使落叶飘浮起来
engraved in one’s memory/mind/heart 铭刻
②to make sb. feel happier or more confident
在记忆里/脑海中/心中
鼓励 Winning the matek buoyed the team
wp. 比赛获胜使该队欢欣鼓舞 pluck /pUk/
vt.①拔 T 、扯 T My sister plucked a white hair
daze /deiz/
/rom m?/ 妹妹从我头上拔下一根白发
v，•① to stun or bewilder, as with a heavy blow
② 拨（弦）Afett从 似 a 如⑺•内尔那时
or shock 使发昏 77祕 fearer da之ed fcis o/>po-
正在弹竖琴。
这名拳击手把对手击昏了
we/U.
③ 采，摘 I plucked a lemon from the tree.
②to dazzle, as with strong light 使眼花缭乱
我从树上摘下一枚柠檬
The splendor， of the palace dazed him•达 &
vi• 拉，拽 The little boy plucked at her sleeve
富丽堂皇的宫殿使他眼花缭乱
neryowsZ?/.小男孩紧张地拉扯她的衣袖
/i. feeling confused and not able to think clearly
【短语】pluck u p 鼓起（勇气）//变得温和乂/仏?•你€ 如伙，Afar^n fce-
(2)牧草 The farmer’s land produced enough
gan to thaw out.谈话之后，马了的怒Jt升始
pasture to feed all of his livestock.那个农民
缓和下来。
的土地上生产的牧草足够他的全部牲畜吃
w•解冻（期），融雪（WlTT^ riiwo/ien^/Zooctedwr-
v t.放牧 The horses are pastured on several
以 众 / M m 这条河常在冰融期泛滥
acres 〇/ /ami马儿在几英亩的牧场上吃草
专四真题
vi•吃草 The cattle pastured on a meadow.牛
群在草地上吃草，
S o m e flowers are peeking out of the thaw
ing ground, but there is no lawn to seed,
gorge /g〇：d3/
nor garden to tend.
n .峡谷the yangtse Go?yes
译文：一些花正从解冻的土地中冒出头来，但还 长江三峡
w. to eat large amounts of food 吞 吃 ，填 饱 阶
没有需要播种的草地，也没有需要照看的花园
gorged ourselves on ripe plums.我们大嘴点i
ripple /Vipl/ 熟的李子。
v. ①使起链骑77祕額:wd is /aAe. 【短语】gorge oneself on拼命吃，塞饱// be gorged
with饱食
K 将湖水吹坡 // 77ie grass is rippling in
tke breeze.萆在敗队中荡H
revivify /ri'vivifai/
②发出潺潺声 The water rippled over the
vt. to give new life and health to sb. or sth. 给
sfowes.水从石头上潺潺流过
予活力 t 复兴 The aim was to strengthen and
//.①旌滴 Gleaming ripples cut the lake’s su?、
reuivify the natiomil industry.他们的铒标是
/(M^ . 闪着微光的涟漪打破了湖面的平静
重新振兴民族工业。
② 水 的 混 混 声 〇 对 小溪的
/ a r e a m
潺潺声 revitalize /riiVaitalaiz/
v/. to put new strength or power into sth•使恢
twinkle /twiQki/
复活力 This hair conditioner is excellent
vi••①to shine with an unsteady light 闪烁 Stors
for revitalizing dry, lifeless hair.这种护发
twirikled in the night sky. H 在良空闪蛛
素对使干枯、无生气的头发重新煥发光彩非常有效。
// The lights twinkled in the distance•么处
有灯光闪烁。 straighten /streitan/
②to have a friendly or happy expression 闪 v•① （使）挺直以rcr匆如⑼2/owr咖把领带弄直//
亮 Her eyes twinkled when she heard the T)ie road will straighten after bypassing the
•363."i/Z.绕过小山之后，道路就会变得笔直了 //?a/ a w w /.老师在正确的教
② to make (sth.) organized or tidy 整理 / 字旁打上了勾
was straightening ray schoolbag when you vi.怍滴答声 The dock on the wall ticked loud-
ptowedm私你给我打电话时，我正在整理书包 墙上的钟滴答作响
；Vto improve your bad behavior or deal with vL 用记号标出 She ticked off the items on the
personal problems, or to help sb. do this 使 memo.她在备忘录上的项目作了记号
奸转 t 级正 We try 丨〇 help these kids straigfit- 【短语】tick away/by(时间一分一秒地）过去
en themselves out and get back into school.
audit /*〇：dit/
我们试图帮助这些孩子改邪归正，重新回去上学
vt. to check the financial records of (a business
preface /prefis/ or person)查账等），审计 77犯/wwd isflwcHf-
(
rt.前言，序 the preface to a book 书的序 ed armwa//^/ cm 会计每年都
vt. I 给…作序 He prefaced f he diaries with a 会审核基金的账目
short account of how they wei'e discovered. / ， . 查账，审计/办必awwwa/ flwd/Y年度审计
他给这本日记写了序言，简述日记发现的经过
embargo /em'bargau/
②to serve as an introduction to 作为…的开
vt. to stop trade with another country by an of
始，作为…的开场白
>4 sfemV
ficial order They embargoed oil
prefaced the feature mo vie•故事片开始前放
沁丨以[/.&他们禁止了对美国石油
映了一部短纪录片
船运。
chronicle /krnmki/ /i. 禁运；禁止（通商）77w? ■/Vcr^o似 /mposerf
//. a description of events in the order that they an arms embargo agaimf the country.跌合
happened 编年史 a 仏大事纪 囯对该国施行了武器贸易禁运
v f.把…载入编年史 Thej/ chronicled aU the re
dock /dok/
markable happenings of the Second World
n .①码头The ship is in dock for repairs. 轮
War.他们把第二次世界大战中所有的重大事件
船进港维修。
都我入编年史中
②被告席 She was in the dock on charges
【派生】chronological a. 按年月顺序排列的
o/fl以emp/ed/mwd. 她因被控企图诈骗在被告
sarcastic /sai'kaestik/ 席上受审。
仏 讥 讽 的 ，挖 苦 的 v .①使（船）靠码头 The sailors docked the ship.
Sto po&ed a/ peopte’s
shortcomings remarAv?.她用 船员把船靠了码头// We can’t, laud until
挖苦的话来取笑别人的缺点。 认e s/?ip rfocfcs.船只有靠了码头，我们才能上岸
【派生】sarcasm w. i风刺，反话 ② to reduce the amount of money you pay
sb. as a punishment 减少，扣除 owe’s
satire /*saetai0/ 扣某人的工资/薪酬
n. ①讥讽，讽刺77祕 沉 必 作 cm ③ (宇宙飞行器)在外层空间对接77犯5/^6冰1//-
Ameriam 这部电影一针见血地饥讽美 tie Atlantis is scheduled to dock with Rus-
国的政治 s/a’s M/r space对扣/〇1?.亚特兰蒂斯号航天飞
2 讽刺作品 q/\4(^op’s FcrWes are scr/ims. 机计划与俄罗斯的米尔号空间站对接
《伊索寓言》中有一些是讽刺作品
annul /&，⑽
【派生】satirical a•嘲 讽 的 // satirize/-ise v•讽 刺 ，
vt. ®to say officially that sth. is no longer valid
i几讽
宣告 婚姻、契约等）无效
( Op/>o.S27icm par^y /fm/-
tick /tik/ ers are now pressing for the entire election
n.①滴答声 He saf listening to the tick of the to awrmtod. 反对党领袖们现在正在迫切要
f a則 t/oc/c. 他坐着倾听那个落地式大钟 求宣布整个选举无效
的嘀嗒声， ②to bring to an end the effect or existence
②勾号 The teacher put a tick against the of废 除cmwwZ a cow/rac/废除契约
•364.legacy /legasi/ their product, ranges.公司都在削成投资并成
n. 1:遗产【同inheritance】S/记 吻？ ws a 印⑽沒 少产品种类，
/
of a million dollars.地给A们绍丁一百万的遗产 w. 梅干，李脯
②sth. that happens or exists as a result of
SOUr (saua/
things that happened at an earlier time 遗留
〇• ①酸的【反sweet】Irewwms
问题，后遗症 The civil wars in fiw region
，沿從 a .som* fas/e. 杵檬
are largely a legacy of apartheid,这个地区
有股酸味
的内战在很大程度上是种族隔离的后遗症
(2)復的 Tfw milk had
overrule /.auvaVu：!/ 分owe sown牛奶已经後了
vt. to reject or annul (a decision or recommen- ③ unfriendly or looking
dation, e.g.)否决，驳回 77w /Ves/rfen/ 如占 bad-tempered 乖戾的 S/祕
overruled the biU.患洗已否决了该项议葉 really looks sour this
她今天上午脾
loaf /lauf/
气的确有些坏
n• —条面包a loaf of crusty bread—条硬良面包
v. (J)(使）变酸 The hot weather has soured the
to pass time at leisure 闲逛
W. 77 饥?7&.炎热的天气使牛奶变酸了 ^ iW/A-
icays a lot of men loafing in the shop. 总
quickly in warm weather.牛奶在■温暖的天气
有许多人在商店里闲逛
下会很快变质
②（使）变得乖戾 從
flake /fleik/ M e W a / m/ s o w m / her dis-
pasZ/ion.精神上的痛苦使她性情变得乖戾II
//. a small thin piece that breaks away easily
Her temper has soured after giving birth.
from sth. else 小薄片 Lorr分e JZatos 〇/
生产后，她的脾气变得晷躁了
began swifUy to fall.大衿大片的雪花开始飞
快地落下 .
crab /kraeb/
vi• — 片片地落 T The paint is beginning to /i. 螃蟹
o# 油漆开始剥落
vi. to complain about sth. in a way that an-
mint /mint/ noys people 抱怨 He’s been cmbbing about
the weather a〗』afternoon.他一整个下午都在
•①铸币厂 祕 min/ coiwi??" pe/mi從.造币
w 77
抱怨天气。
厂正在铸造每枚价值一便士的硬币
② (非正式)巨 款 欲 m a minrin你a/ com- spawn /sp〇：n/
玛丽在那次竞赛中赢了一大笔饯
v. (I:产卵 Many sea fiskes spawn in rivers.许
③ 薄荷；薄荷糖
多海洋鱼类是在淡水河里产卵的 // spcn/m
a. looking new and in perfect condition 崭新的
eggs产卻
in mint condition/state 完失的 M 新的 // The
(Dto make a series of things happen or start to
shop can take goods back if they are still
exist大置生产 New technology has spawned
如果商品还是薪新的，可以
new business opportunities.新技术带来了无
退货。
限商机
prune /pru：n/ /!•( 鱼 、蛙 等 的 ）卵
vt. ®to cut off some of the branches of a tree
zigzag /zigzaeg/
or bush to make it grow better 修剪 I am
n .之字形线条I小径等） The I切htning made a
going to pmne this bush down, 我打算修剪
这个灌木丛。 zigzag in the sky•闪电在天空划了一遠之字形
② to make sth. smaller by removing parts 仏 之 字 形 的 cr之/供a# rowk之字形的路线
that you do not need or want ®J 1^ Compa v 人作之字形行进 77 切 drw w/cew m c m 之/分之 a 洲 fed
nies are cutting investment and pmning ctowm s/re以.那醉鬼东倒西歪地沿街走去
•365-dot /dDt/ 予以保留，
/?.点，小圆点 The ship became a mere dot on ②（帽子、头或山的）顶 部 a /wz/抝 ⑽ a 匆
执€^07分0汉船在远处的地平线上成了一个小点 crowm高顶的帽子
v/•① to mark with a small spot or spots 打点于
v/.①为…加冕 J奴m Cartos tms
Wet spots of rain began to dot his shiii, 雨 胡安•卡洛斯被加冕为国王。
点开始在他的衬衫上留下斑斑点点的印记 (Dto make sth. perfect or complete, by adding
②to appear at many different places on the an achievement etc.使圆满完成 77⑷
surface of (sth.)点、缀 The company now has Prize crowned his career as an author. 获
over 20 stores dotted about the country.该 取诺贝尔奖使他的写作生涯达到了登峰造极的
公司现拥有遍布全国的二十多家商店 地步。
brim /brim/ marshal /maijal/
”•①the top edge of a container 边，缘 S/祕 /i/ted /i.(陆军或空军的）元帅
the bowl to the brim地把繞盏得满满的 V/. ®to organize your thoughts, ideas etc. so
②帽檐 a straw hat with a broad brim t & that they are clear, effective, or easy to un-
derstand 整理 BW聊 pawsed /or fl moment
草帽
vf. to be completely filled with sth.充 溢 ，充满 as if to marsh(d his though ts.布 l 格斯停顿
seemed to be brimming with confidence to 了 一会儿，好像要整理一下思路。
他似乎充满了必胜的信心// The barrel ② to control or organize a large group 组织，
was brimming over with water.桶里的水满 弓\领 Extra stewards had to be employed to
得要溢出来了 marshal tfw huge crowds.必须聘请额外的版
【短语】brim over (with)充满.洋溢 务员来安顿这大群的人。
③ 集结，组织力量 All the soldiers were mar-
skip /skip/
shaled together in the yard, ready to march
v•①轻快地跳 77犯 ZiWe Wr/ sA&ped a/cw众 or/
CMOT〆全体士兵被集合在院子里，准备出发
/ier side.这小女孩在她母亲身边蹦
蹦跳跳地往前走。 bandage /*baendid3/
② 跳绳Lucy skips w ell露西跳绳跳得很好 w•棚带 The injured arm was botuid by ban-
③ to not discuss, read, do, or deal with 受伤的手臂用绷带扎起来了
(sth.) and go instead to the next thing 略去 W• 用棚带绑扎 After the doctor treated the
I often skip the dull parts while reading. woundy it was carefully bandaged.医生治疗
读书时，我常把枯燥部分略过不读// s/c/p 过后，伤口被仔细包扎起来3
minor p r o 略过一些枝节问题
dynamite /dainamait/
/i.跳 ，蹦跳
n .①炸药a dj/namite blast炸药爆炸
dart /da：t/ ②sb. or sth. that is very exciting or impres-
n•①飞镜 Markov died after being struck by a sive轰动一时的人（或物），令人兴奋77w?/irs/.
马尔科夫被毒標击中后身亡 kiss is dj/namite.初吻是敌动、心的 II
②猛冲 The prisoner made a dart f〇7， the They’ve only been playing together for six
rfoar. 犯人猛地朝门口冲去 months but theyYe di/namite.他们在一起泼
•猛冲 The children darted into the room.孩 秦只有6 个月，但已经很轰动了
子们飞快地冲进房间 vt.炸毀 Terrorists dynamited the dam. 怖分
vt•投掷 The savages darted spears at ttie lion. 子炸毁了堤坝。
野蛮人们把矛掷向獅子 enlist /iniist/
v• ① to join the army，navy etc.(使}入伍 //im-
crown /kraun/
dreds of thousands of recmits had been
(T王冠•，王权 She says f丨w sovereignty of the
enlisted 征募了 JL 十万新兵 // enlisf for mili-
Crovm must be preserved.地说君主政权必领
ta?y service 服兵役
•366.d to get (help, support, sympathy, etc.) from 他吹嘘说自己装病逃过了兵役
sb.得到，获得 e/zfetoZ //?樣 /〇 to/p. 我们 /!.①躲闪macte a dod分e躲闪
请他们帮忙 ②伎 i两 He’ll daim the car was a present as
a 为了逃税，他将声称这辆汽车是别
skirmish /*sk3：mij/
人送的礼物
n. J)，丨、规模战斗 Botxlei， skirmishes between
India and Pakistan were common.印巴达洗 subdue /sab'dju：/
的小冲突曾经是常有的事 w . ①to defeat or control a country or people,
d)a short argument, esp. between political or esp. using force 征服，控制从!辦^ 〇/!51/6-
sports opponents小争论，小争执价/似 i廳 m / dwed mwdi 〇/ Ei/rope.拿破仑征服了大半个
off after ct skinnisk with the referee. 贝茨 欧洲 // Police mmiaged to subdue the an-
和裁判口角后被罚下场 分以crowd.謦察设法控制愤怒的人群
vi*. to engage in a minor battle or dispute 进行 ②to prevent your emotions from showing or
规模战斗；小争论 They were skirmishing close being too strong 克制，抑制（情绪）//e swMwed
t o 他们当时正在雷区附近小规 his grief in order to comfort Cathy.为 1 安
模交火 慰卡西，他克制住自己的悲痛
®to make less intense or prominent; reduce
ration /raejan/
or tone down 减弱，减轻 //is soo/ftinp wwrfs
n. ①a fixed amount of sth. officially allowed to
subdued her fears.他的安懸话成较了地的恐■恨
each person during a time of shortage 配给
限额，定量配给纟/w? w脱 mecrfraYicm肉类 annex /aneks/
的每周配给量 vt. to take control of a country or area next to
②[/，/.]a fixed amount of food given to a sol your own，esp. by using force 并吞，兼并 /2om( in the vein for w.群，群众【同 crowd】执？ /以
〖orfa沒我今天没有心情写作 众.他消失在拥挤的人群中
vi. to go to (a place) in a large group or in large
gum /gAm/
numbers群集，蜂拥 ⑹ 把
7bwn:,s/s
/I. ①齿龈 The old man smiled to reveal tooth-
picZwmsgwf? 游客们蜂拥到这风景秀丽的
/ess仍/ms.老人笑了，露出没有牙的牙床
村庄。
② 口 香 糖 分 1/771 口香糖
③ 树胶a po/ 〇/ 仍m —罐树胶 tramp /traemp/
叱 用 胶 粘 住 //e分w?mned认 它 〇/ s如mps. v•①to walk somewhere slowly and with heavy
他在邮票的背面涂上胶 steps用 沉 重 的 脚 步 走 77m? so/d/ers
广mmpin分6". 士兵们踏着沉重的步伐走过II
lap /laep/
He tramped the streets looking for work.他
n.①膝部 Mcnw sat on her mother’s lap and
走遍大街小巷，寻找工作
/or Zto mmera. 玛丽坐在妈妈腿上冲
②to walk for a long distance or time 步行，
着照相机微笑-
跋涉 tramp the fields 走过田野 // They
②（跑道或赛道的）一圈 煎
/fe / cmd/e/Z ow
frampd oi^r "犯moors. 他们徒步走过荒野
/to /imi/ /ap. 他在最后一圈泮倒了
w•①流浪者 He’s a tramp and used to living
v•①添食 The cal wan lapping up a saucer of
rowfif/?.他是流浪汉，惯于风餐露宿
描在添碟中的牛奶// The dog is lap-
②沉重的脚步声//e /i•冰川 plateau /piaetsu/ n.高原；平稳时期
volcano /vDl.keinau/ /，. 火山 highland /haiiand/ n./fl.高地（的），高原（的）
lava /la:V9/ n.岩浆，焰岩 hinterland /hintalaend/n• 内地，腹地
red-hot Ared’hDt/ a.炙热的；极其；（指新闻）最新 marsh /ma:j/ /i.沼泽
的 s w a m p /swDmp/ h. 沼泽（地）
chasm /kaezm/n.(地壳的）裂隙；分歧
heath /hi:0/ /».荒地，荒野
suntan /'SAntaen/ H•晒黑
arid/’aerid/fl.(指土地）不毛的；枯燥乏味的
sunburn /'sAnbs:!!//*.曰灸，晒斑 v•(使)晒黑
sterile /sterail/ fl.不育的；荒瘠的；无结果的；无菌
teem /ti:m/v.充满；下大雨
的
downfall他 1；咁。:1/ h. 大阵雨(或雪）；玲台 sterility /sta'niat丨/，》. 荒瘠；无生殖力；无菌
downpour A)au叩。:/ n. 倾盆大雨 prairie /preer丨/ U.(尤指北美洲的）大草原
raindrop /Veindr叩/ «•雨点 m e a d o w /'medau/ h• 草地，牧地
breeze /bri:z/ /»•微风 v. 吹微风 turf/t3:f//I.草皮；跑马场；地盘
mist /mist/ /!•薄雾；模糊 叱用草皮铺（地丨；赶走（人>
paddock /paedek/ n•(放牧的）围场
d ew /dju:/ /丨. 露水，小水珠
dewdrop /dju:dr叩/ «•露珠 ranch /ra:ntJ7 H. 大牧场
smog /smDg/ "•烟雾 treeline Ari:iain/ n. 林木线
observatory /ab.Z3:vatari/ «•天文台，气象台 ashore /a’jo:/ 在岸上，在陆上
constellation /,knnst3'leij3n/ h•星座 Crag /kraeg/ h•悬崖，lll肖壁
galaxy /"gaelaksi/ h• 星系；[版 G-j银河系；一群 cliff /k丨丨f/ W•悬崖绝壁
canyon /"kaenjan/n.(深的）峡谷
Venus /’vi:nas/ m•金星
Jupiter /'d3u:pita/ «•木星 strait /streit/ /i.海峡
mercury /_m3:kjun/ f丨. 水银；[M-丨水星 gulf /gzvlf/ 〃. 海湾；鸿沟，巨大的分歧
Mars /ma:z/ h. 火星 engulf /in.gAif/ v/.吞没，淹没
Saturn /saetan/ n. ±M bay /bei/ /i.海湾；分隔间
comet /’komit/ h. 彗星 inlet /■丨niet/ m. 水湾；入口
ford /fa:d/ w•浅滩 v. 涉水
starry/stcrn/fl.多星的；闪亮如星的
sundial /‘SAndail/ n. 日晷仪 waterfront /w3:ta什Ant/ 滨水区
COSmOS /’knzmns/ n.宇宙 offshore /.Dfjo:/ 仏/flrf.近海岸（的）；离海岸（的}
•375.delta /‘delta/ «•(河口的）三角洲 biotechnology /,bai9utek_nnlad3i/
« . 生物工程
estuary /estjuan/ m.河口湾，三角湾 ecosystem /hkasistam/ n.生态系（统）
reef /ri:f/ 暗礁 telecommunications /,telika.mju:m'keijanz/
isle /ail/ it. S /I. 电信
telegraph Aeiigra:f/H• 电报(机）v.发电报
peninsula /pi’ninsjuia/ 队半岛 telex/,teleks/n.电传，电传打字电报系统
panorama /.paena’rcnma/ h. 全景；概论 hi-fi /.hai’f a i / 离保真 度 的 （音响设备>
cataract /kaetaraekt/ n.大瀑布；白内陣
torrent /tnrant/ «.急流；（言语、质问等的）进发 stereo /steriau/; 丨 ./a.立体声（的）
creek /kri:k/ n.小溪，小河 audio ,:>:diau/ 声音的
brook /bruk/ H•小溪 audiovisuals /‘o:diau’vizjualz/[/?/.]视听教具
aural A):rai/ a•听觉的
pebble /.pebi/ /j. 卵石 microphone /"maikrafaun/ n . 麦克风
rugged /VAg^d/ a.崎岖不平的；满是皱纹的；粗俗 gadget /gaed3丨 t/ n.
小机械，精巧装置
的；艰苦的
Stony /'stauni/ 多石的；冷酷的 machinery /ma’Ji:nari/n■[ 总称 ] 机 器 ，机械
uneven /,An'i:van/fl.不平坦的；不均等的 generator /"djenareita/ H.
发电机，发生器
picturesque/,piktja>esi;拍成的
laser /1e丨za/ n. 激光 电影
laptop /laeptnp/ /».便携式计算机 newscast /‘nju:zka:st/ n.新闻广播
newsletter /Viju:z.ieta/ w•简讯，时事通讯
desktop /’desktop/ /».桌面 fl. 小型电脑的 multimedia /.mAlt!’mi:dia/ n.多媒体
digit /did3丨t/ n.数字；手指，脚趾
digital /chd 3 itai/«• 数字的；指（趾 1状的 feat /fht/ H.功绩；技艺
hacker /'haeka/ M.电脑黑客 far-reaching /.fa:'ri:tj丨r]/cr. 影响深远的
cursor /_k3:sa/ h. (电脑屏幕上可移动的）光标 marked /ma:kt/ a.显著的
biochemistry /.baiau'kemistn/ n.生物化学 mighty Ana丨t丨/ a.强大的，有力的
suitability /.sju:ta，biiiti/ n• 适合，适宜
■376.(mmm
阳
rebirth /,ri:‘b3:0/n. 新生，复兴 monologue Annnalng/ h. 独白
newborn /nju:b；):n/ a. 新生的 fable /’feibi/ n.寓言；虚构的故事；传说
renaissance /ri'neisans/ [/2-j文艺复兴（时期） truism /'tru:izm/ H. 不言而喻的道理
laureate /’b:riat/fl. 戴桂冠的 motto /’motau/ 箴言，座右铭
noted /Viautid/ "•著名的
honorary /.nnarari/fl•名誉的，义务的 proverb /，prnv3:b/ "• 谚语，格言
slang /siaeiy n•俚语
orthodox /3:0adnks/ fl. 正统的，传统的 axiom /‘aeks丨3m/ 公理，格言
genre /3〇nra/ " • (文艺作品的）类型，流派 resonance /_rezanans/n.反响，共鸣
stylistic /stai•丨丨stik/ 〇•风格上的 prose /prauz/ «.散文
stylish /’staiiij/fl. 有风度的，有气派的 calligraphy /ka.iigraf" n• 书法（艺术）
mainstream /’me丨nstri:m/ 7;./fl•主 流 （的）
romanticism /rau’maenti.sizam/ h. 浪漫主义 masterpiece /m〇:stapi:s/ "• 杰作，代表作
learned/i3:md/fl.博学的，有学问的
epic /epik/«.史 诗 a. 史诗般的；壮丽的 learning /l3:nii]/ 〃• 学问，知识
rhyme /ra丨m/ n•韵 ，韵 脚 V. (使）押韵 philosopher /fi'insafa/ w. 哲学家
rhythm /ridam/ m. 节奏，韵律；有规律的重复 philosophy /fi.insafi/ h. 哲学；哲理
rhythmic(al) /‘ri&mik(ai>/«.有节奏的，有规律的 dialect/"da丨alekt/n.方亩，土话
sonnet /_s〇mt/ /j. *1■四行i寺
poetess /’pauitis/ «•女诗人 Esperanto /.espa.raentau/ n. 世界语
bilingual /bai'iiqgwai/fl•两种语言的
modernise/-丨ze /mndanaiz/ v•使现代化 linguistic /li(]，gwistik/a.语言（学）的 〃• [-s】语言学
modernism /Vnndanizam/ H. 现代主义，现代派 phonetic /fau’netik/fl.语音（学）的
hippie/h丨ppy /‘hipi:/ 嬉皮士 diction /dikjan/ n• 措词；发音（法)
Gothic /‘gn0ik/ 哥特式的 colloquial /ka_laukwial/研究班
memoir /Vnemwo:/ h. [；，/.丨自传，回忆录 symposium /sim’pauz丨3m/ H. < 专题}研讨会，讨
bibliography /‘bibii’ngrafi/ h. (参 考 ）书目 论会
annals細 北 / 〃•编年史，年鉴 syllabus /silabas/ n. 教学大纲
Copyright /k叩irait/ n•版权 ，著作权 discourse /*d丨Sk3:s/ n.论文；演讲；交谈
opera /.Dpara/ h. 歌居ij /dis’ko:s/ vi 讲述
theatrical /0丨•aetrikal/fl•戏剧（性）的 thesis /8i:sis/ h. 论文；论题
playwright /pieirait/ n. 居丨]作家 questionlnjaire /.kwestje’nea/ n•问卷
•377-quiz /kwiz/ /丨. 测验；答 问 比 赛 v/.对…测验 photocopy "autaak叩 1/ n• 影印（本 ）V•影印
truant /.tru:ant/ n . 逃学者，旷课者
【短语】 play truant逃学，旷课 pictorial /pik'tiriai/fl.以 图 片 表 示 的 画 干 ij
dissertation /.disa’teijan/ m . (学位）论文 graph /gra:f/ 图，图表
freshman /*frejman/ " • 新手；大学一年级学生 graphic /greefik/ a.生动的；图解的；书写的
H. [~S]图形显示
sophomore /snfemo:/ n . (大学、学院和中学的> italic /I’taelik/fl.斜 体 的 n•卜 s]印刷的斜体字母
二年级学生 quarterly/kw3:tal丨/a./ad.每季的（地 ）n•季刊
alumna /aWnna/ "• (Awj £)女校友 subtitle /'SAbtaitl/ n.畐1J标题；[/?/.]字幕
alumnus /a’Umnas/ [/j/. a/wmwi] /i.男校友
col丨egiate /ka’ 丨 i:d3iit/ cr.学 院 的 n. 高等学校学生 foretell /f〇:’tei/ v•预言
polytechnic /‘pdl.teknik/ n ■综合技术学院 foreword /fa:w3:d/ n . 前言，序
forestry /fDnstri/ n. 森林学 precis /preisi:/ n . 摘要，梗 概 做 摘 要
gist /d3ist/ 主旨，要点
archaeology /.a:kf〇iad3i/ 考古学 keynote /"ki:naut/ n• 要旨，主要思想
aesthetics /i:s.0etiks/ m . 美学 heading /hediiy".标题，题词
engineering /,end3i’niariiy h . 工 程 （学 ），工程师
行业 overleaf /,auva.ii:f/ n. 在一页的背面
geographic(al) /‘d3ia.graefik(3l)/fl.地理（学}的 hardback /.ha:dbaek/ /i.硬封面书，精装本
geopolitics /.d3i:au’pnlitiks/ 地缘政治学 encyclopaedia /en‘saiklau.pi:dja/ /I. 百科全书
mentality /men’taelati/ n • 脑力，铸力；思想，心态 alphabet /■aelfabet/ 字母表
alphabetic (all /.aelfa'betik(3l)/ fl. 依字母顺序排
preoccupation /pri:‘Dkju’peij3n/n.专注；令人全 列的
神贯注的事物 acronym /aekranim/ . 首字母缩略词
h
aptitude /'aeptitjuid/ H . 天资；才能
knowledgeable /ni)iid3abi/ a. 有丰富知识的 affix /a’fiks/ v . 使固定；贴 上 /"aefiks/ m . 词缀
proofread〜⑴ : ㈣ / v. 校对 suffix /sAfiks/ h • 后缀【反 prefix】
handicraft /haendikra:ft/ ;丨.手工艺 antonym /aentamm/ n. 反义词
signature /signatja/ m . 签字，签名 synonym /sinanim/ n. H A w l
syllable /siiabi/ n . 音节
directory
/di’rektari/
/».人名地址录，电话号码簿；
consonant
/.knnsanant/
m
•
辅音(字母）
董事会；指南
a . — 致的，和谐的
propaganda /.pmpa’gaenda/ h •宣传
leaflet /ii:fiit/ « . 小册子；传单 syntax /"sintaeks/ h . 句法
booklet /’buklat/ /».小册子 transitive /traensit丨v/ fl. 及物的
brochure /br^u’fua/ 〃• 小册子，指南 predicate /predikat/ n. 谓语
atlas /"setlas/ n. 地图册 subjunctive細师八 种❹./".虚拟语气（的）
participle，pa:t丨s丨pi/ /» • ( 语法>分词
flowchart /’flautja:t/ w . 流程图，作业图 gerund /.d3erand/ n . (语法）动名词
facsimi丨e /faek’simih/ h . 复本，图文传真
Xerox /ziarnks/ m . 静电复印v. 用静电复印法复印 infinitive /in’fimtiv/ /i./fl.不定式（的）
Scroll /skraul/ H . 卷轴，纸卷；（石刻或木刻上的）满 preposition /.prepa'zijan/ n•介词
卷形装饰 superlative /sju:.p3:iativ/ a./".(语法>最高级（的）
blueprint /biu:,prmt/ 蓝图 a. 最佳的
•378-rhetoric /Vetank/ « . 修辞（学 ）；华丽的辞藻 needy /ni:di/ fl.贫困的
rhetorical /ri'tnnkal/ fl. 修辞的；辞藻华丽的 affluent /aeflu9nt/fl.富裕的，富有的
simile /'simii丨/ m•明喻 needless，ni:diis/ a.不霈要的
paraphrase /'paera什eiz/ n./v•释 义 ，意译 oblivious /a'blivias/ fl.不注意的；被忘记的
clich6 / kli:Jei/ n. 陈词滥调 manifold /’maemfauld/ fl•多方面的
apostrophe /3’pDstrafi/ n. 省略符号；所有格符号 pendent fl.悬挂着的；未决的
punctuation /,pA(]ktju_eiJan/ n. 标点法；标点符号 pendulum /.pendjulam/ h.钟摆;摇摆不定的事态
hyphen ,haifan/ H. 连字符 shaky "eiki/fl. 摇晃的；不稳定的
colon /_kaulan/ n. 冒号；结肠 overdue /‘auva.dju:/ a • 延误的；过期的
comma /•knma/ /i. 逗号 swift
/swift/ fl.
迅速的；立刻的；敏捷的
parenthesis /pa’reneisis/"•[常〆•]圆括号;插入语 shadowy
/Jaedaui/ fl.
有阴影的;朦胧的
semicolon /.semi'kaulan/
m
•分号 customary /‘kAstamari/ fl.习惯上的，惯例的
terminology /.t3:rm’nniad3i/ m. 专门用语，术语 empir丨cal /enVpirikai/fl . 以实验为根据的
footnote /futnaut/
n .
脚注 removable /r— i/ 可移动的；可除去的
shorthand /Joithaend/ n. iSiS removal /ri’mu:vai//i. 移动；免职;搬迁
thesaurus /0i's；):ras/ "•分类词典 appreciable /a’pri:jiabi/ 可估 的，可察觉到的
a . ;■
happening /haepanii]/ h•事件 sluggish /siAgi丨〇 行动迟缓的；不景气的
/ .
everlasting
/.eva’ia:stii]/fl. 持续不断的，永久的 dissent Absent/ M./W 不同意，持异议
•
unrest
/,An Vest/ n. 不安，动乱 dissident Msidant/ 持异议的 人
n./fl• ( )
undercover
Mnda’kAva/a. 暗中进行的 differential Adifa'renjal/fl.差别的；独特的
imminent Ammant/ a. 临近的，即将发生的 差异；差额
n .
discrepancy /dis.krepansi/ M.差异，不符合
omen 征兆，预兆
/'auman/M• congruent Anogruant/a.— 致的，和谐的;相合的
recurrence
/ri'k/uans/ /i•重 现 ，再次发生
reminiscence /.remi'msans/ « . 回忆 ；(/>/.]旧事；令 congruence/-ency /kmjgruans⑴/ M. 致，和
—
人联想的东西 谐；相合
showdown /Jaudaun/ m•最 后较置 contention 争论；论点
/kan'tenjan/ « •
anecdote
/aenikdaut/ h•轶事 brag 夸张，吹牛
/braeg/ V.//I.
liaison
/h‘eiZDn/ w. (团体或个体间的）联系 pretence/-se 假装；托词；自吹
/prt.tens/ « .
Strife 争吵，倾轧，冲突
ordeal /straif/ n .
/〇:.di:i/ n. 严峻的考验
throatily /8rautiii/ 带喉音地；声音嘶哑地
antecedent
/.aenti'si:dant/fl. 先前的 n•前 例 ，前事
dumb/dAm/fl.哑的：说不出话的
misapprehension /.
misaepri'henjan/ 误 解 ，误
会
falsehood ： •谎言
/"f):ishud/ n
demerit
/di:’ment/ H. 过失，缺点 admittedly 丨/ 公认地
/ad’mitidi
fluff
/flAf/ n. 绒 毛 ；失 误 V. 抖松；把…弄错 relativity . 相关性
/.rela’tivati/ u
butt
/bAt/ V. 以 头 冲 撞 H. 笑柄；东西的一端；烟蒂 expressly 月确地；特地
/ik.spresli/ arf. B
tortuous 弯弯曲曲的；不直接阐明的
/'titjuas/fl.
factual
/.faektjual/ fl. 事实的
reasoning 推理，论证
/Vi:z3nir]/ /i.
amiss }
/a’mis/ 错误的（地 ）；不合适的（地
testament 某事物的）确实证明；
/testamant/ (
undue
/.An.dju:/ a. 过分的
遗瞩
. 379.观
(Bmm
breathtaking /_bre0.teikiiy叫丨k/ a.英雄的，英勇的
sulky /saIIci/ a•生 气 的 ，愠怒的 heroine /’heraum/ n•女英雄；女主角
placid /’plaesid/ fl. 安静的，平和的 daring /"deariiy «•勇敢 勇敢的
indebted /in'detid/ a•感 激 的 ，感恩的 courageous /ka'reid 3 as/ a.勇敢的，无畏的
jolly /d3nli/ fl. 快乐的付.使高兴 valiant /.vaeljant/ a. 勇敢的
overjoyed /,3uva’d33id/ a•兴高采烈的 fortitude /■foititjuid/ «•坚忍，刚毅
gaily /geiii/ <«/.高兴地 willpower /wilpaua/ H•意志力，克制力
heartbreak /ha:tbreik/ « . 心碎，悲痛 steadfast /"stedfast/ fl.坚定的，不动摇的
heartbreaking /'ha:t,breiki(]/ a. 令人心碎的 headlong /'hedimy • 头朝前的（地）；莽撞的
sadden /’saedan/ v•悲 哀 ，忧愁 (地）
downcast /'daunkcrst/ fl. 垂 头 丧 气 的 ；（目 光 ）朝 carefree /’keafri:/ a. 无忧无虑的
下的 attentive /9'tentiv/ cr.注意的；照顾周到的
shamefaced /'Jeimfeist/ a. malicious /malijas/ a•心怀恶意的
sullen /saI9d/ a. 郁郁不乐的：阴郁的 maltreat /.maertri:t/ w•虚待
dismal /d丨zmal/ fl. 阴暗的，忧郁的 m a 丨ice /Vnaelis/ H.恶意，怨恨
melancholy /melankali/ H./fl•忧 郁 （的 ），悲伤（的 ） rash /rae丨/fl.鲁莽的，轻率的
frail /fre丨丨/•脆弱的，易损坏的；虚弱的 lofty /'Infti/ fl.崇高的；高耸的；高傲的
droop /dru:p/ v./h•低垂，消沉 credulous /kredjulas/ a.轻信的，易受骗的
suffocate /"sAfake丨t/ f. (使 1 窒息而死 gullible /gAlabl/ fl. 易受骗的
eg〇/‘i:gau/ H•自 我 ，自尊 effusive /i'fju:siv/ 过分热情的
goodness /.gudms/ «•善良，美德；精华 impersonal "m.p3:s3nai/fl.无个人感情的;冷淡的
goodwill /,gud_wii/ 〃.善意；信誉 self-contained /.selfkan’teind/fl• 有独立设施的，
fidelity /fi'deiiW «. 独□独户的；拘谨的
忠诚;逼真，详实
staunch /stintj/fl. 忠实可靠的 self-reliant /.sei什I’laiant/ fl•依靠自己的
tricky /tnki/ a.诡计多端的：难以对付的
truthful /tru:0ful/ fl. 诚实的，真实的
barbaric /ba:'bserik/ a. 残暴 的 ；像野蛮人的 vigilant /Vid 3丨lant/ a. 瞀惕的
barbarian /ba:.bearfan/ " . 野蛮人 dreary /drian/ a•沉闷的；单调乏味的
a. 野蛮的，残暴的 snob /snob/ m•势利之人
barbarous/ba:baras/a.
未开化的；野蛮的
snobbery /"srmbari/ n.势利（言行）
ferocious /fa’raujas/ fl. 凶猛的，残暴的 snobbish /"snnbij/ a. 势利的
ruthless /ru:0iis/ a. 残忍的，无情的 hypocritical /.hipa’kritikal/a.伪善的，虚伪的
380-hypocrite /"hipakrit/ n. 伪善者,伪君子
pious /.paias/ a•虔诚的;虚伪的 manhood /maenhud/ H. 成年时期；男子气概
conceit /kan.si:t/ "•自负，骄傲自满 sturdy /st3:di/ a.强健的，结实的；坚定的
conceited /kan'si:tid/ a .自负的，自满的 overcast /‘auvakcKst/ <1. 多云的，阴暗的；忧郁的
complacent /kam’pleisant/ fl. 自满的，自得的 miser Anaiza/ n. 守财奴，吝啬鬼
complacency /kam'pleisansi/ n. 自满，自得 kindhearted /.kaind.h〇:tid/ a. 仁慈的
swollen/swaularV fl.浮肿的；浮夸的
compassion /kam'paejan/ /i•同情，怜悯
pathetic /pa’0etik/ fl. 招人怜悯的；令人生厌的 tart /ta:t/ fl. 酸的；刻薄的h. 果馅饼；淫妇
sinister/simsta/fl. 邪恶的；凶恶的 Vanity /Vaenati/ h. 虚荣；空虚
cunning /'kAm。/仏/h. 狡猾（的） fiery /faiari/ a.火一般的；激烈的，暴躁的
bookish /•bukij/a. 好学的；书生气的 lonesome /launsam/fl. 孤单的；人迹稀少的
industrious An.dAstrias/ 勤奋的 solitude /'snlitju:d/ n•独居，孤独;人迹罕至之处
longing /Inw "./a•渴望（的>
childish /tjaiid丨j/vakra:ft/ n. 气垫船
shortcut /心:制 / 〃.捷径，近路
Stateroom
/steitrum/ n. 特等客舱
footbridge /.futbrid 3 / m. 步行桥 liner /lama/ ;i. 大客轮；班 机 ，班 船 ；衬里
artery /a:tari/动脉；干线，要道
turnpike /^npaik/ «.(需付过路费的)高速公路 mast
/ma:st/ n. 船桅，天线杆
expressway /ik’spreswei/ h. 高速公路，快速干道 oar n.桨，橹
motorway /mautawe丨//:.高速公路 deck
/dek/
/丨.
甲板；（公共汽车等的）层
此 给 …装甲板；装修
roundabout "aundabaut/ M. 环形交通路 berth /b3:0/u. { 船或火车上的）卧铺；泊位
迂回的，转弯抹角的 hull
/h/〇/丨丨.船体，船 身 ；外壳
interchange /.inta.tjeind
3
/ v.互换；交替发生
seasick /'si:sik/ a. 晕船的
n. 互换彳立体交叉道
motorist /VnautarisV n. 汽车驾驶者 seasickness /*si:siknis/ 船
helmet /"heimit/ «.头盗 shipboard
/.jipbid/ a. 在船上的
speedway /spi:dwei/ "•赛车跑道 shipment
/jipmant/ « . 装 船 ；装运的货物置
speedometer /spi’dnmita/ «.速度计 shipping
/Jipiiy m. 舶 ；船运
shipyard
/"fipjcrd/ n•船 均 ，造船厂
headlamp /.hedlaemp/ m. 车前灯
dockyard
/’dnkja:d/ h. 修船厂，造船厂
axle /‘aeksal/ n.车轴，轴干
airliner /ealaina/ H•定期班机
quay
/ki:/ «.码头
chartered /'tja:tad/fl.特许的,持有特许证的
wharf
/wxf/ n•码头
【短语】chartered flight包机航班
windscreen
/w丨ndskri:n/ n. 挡风玻璃
runway /’r/\nwei/ 〃.飞机跑道
headroom /.hedru:m/ h. 头上空间，净空高度
limousine
/.limuzi:n/ n. 轿车
supersonic /‘sju:pa_snnik/ fl. 超音速的
fire-engine
/'faia.end3in/ n. 消防车
freight /fre丨t/ /».(运输）货物
parachute /paer^u:t/ 降落伞
diesel
/’di:zai/ h. 柴油；内燃机车
v. 用降落伞降落
trailer
/’treiia/ h. 拖 车 ；预告片
fly〇vei* /’flai.auva/• 立交桥；（4 ) 低空编队飞
tram
/traem/ h. (有 轨 ）电车
行
van
/vaen/ 大蓬货车；有蓬盖的铁路货车
flypast /"flaipcrst/ h■(衫/•/?>低空编队飞行
locomotive
細 kamautiv/ fl. 移动的，机动的
stewa rd /stjuad/ m. (飞机、船上的）服务员
/».火车头，机车
trolley / /!.
■彳r〇h/ 手推车；无轨电车
airhostess /eahnstis/ (客机上的）女服务员
stewardess /’stjuadis/H.(飞机、船上的）女服务员
metro
/Vnetrau/ /丨.地下铁路系统
aerial /’earial/ fl.空气的，大气的；航空的
scooter /sku:ta/ ;丨•小 型 摩 托 车 ；踏板车
aeronautics /‘eara.mtiks/ /，. 航空学
chariot
/tjaeriat/ •古时双轮马车
aviation /.eivi'eijan/ H•航空（学)
caravan /"kaeravaen/ "•商 队 ，旅行队；大速车；拖车
yacht /jnt/ «.快艇，游艇
W ag(g )〇n /waegan/ /!•四 轮 马 车 ；铁 路 货 车 ；手推
车
barge /ba:d
3
/ h.驳有fi
【短语】on the w a g o n 戒酒
•382.咖
mmm
daydream /.deidri:m/ w./h. (做）白曰梦
dizzy/’d丨z丨/«.头晕目眩的；不知所措的；愚蠢的 exposition /.ekspau'zijan/ h. 讲解；展览会
drowsy ,drauzi/ fl•昏昏欲睡的 alas /a’laes/ "if• 唉，哎呀
coma /"kauma/ /».昏迷 gosh /gnj/ ""•哎呀
delusion /di.lu:3an/ h. 错觉，幻想 bellow /’belau/ v.吼叫；大声发出
nap /naep/ n./v• 小睡，打盹 shrill /Jrii/ fl.(指声音）尖锐的M. 尖叫
howl /haul/ V• 嚎叫，咆哮；（风）呼啸
slumber/siAmba/v./«.睡眠，沉睡
reflex /Vi:fieks/ w.条件反射；映像 snicker /smka/ v./h• 暗笑，窃笑
nightmare/naitmea/m. 噩梦；可怕的经历 giggle /’gigi/ 咯咯地笑，傻笑
whim /wim/ «•突然的（怪）念头，一时的兴致 chuckle /'t丨Aki/ v.轻声地笑，窃笑
bride /braid/ /?•新娘 quack /kwaek/，•/".嘎嘎声 v/.作鸭叫
bridegroom /"braidgrum/ h. 新自p 〃.江湖骗子
tinkle /’tiqki/ «. 丁零声；电话通话v. 发出丁零声
groom /gru:m/ /i.马夫；新郎 bleat /bii:t/ v.//j•(作}羊叫声
V.刷洗（马等）；梳妆;训练
fiance/h’Dnsei//i. 未婚夫 clang /klaeq/ V. 发出叮当声
fiancee 巾.onsei/ 未婚妻 durable/djuarabl/a.持久的，射用的
beloved/bi.Uvd/fl.为…所爱的;敬爱的 n. [/?/.]耐用品
/i. 心爱的人 fireproof Aai3pru:f/a.耐火的，防火的
w ed /wed/ V.与…结婚 shockproof /"jokpoKf/ a. 防震的
widow /’widau/ H•赛妇 rainproof/Ve丨npru:f/a. 防雨的
airtight /eatait/fl.不透气的；密封的n
singlehood /‘siqgi’hud/ /I•单身
in-laws Anl。:" u. 姻亲 watertight /’wwtatait/ a.不透水的；无懈可击的
debut /deibju:/ n• 初次登台，初次公开露面 waterproof /w3:t9pru:f/ a. 防水的 /i. 防水布
acrobat /aekmbaet/ /I. 杂技演员 以.使防水
cirCUS/’S3:kas/n.马戏场；马戏表演；马戏团 mackintosh /.maekintD"n.防水胶布；雨衣
troupe /tru:p/ «.表演团体 leather /.ie5a/ 皮革(制品）a. 皮革的
footwear /.futwea/ n•鞋类
sumo /'su:nri8u/ n. 相扑 sandal /"saendal/ n. 凉鞋
Clown /klaun/ n.小丑；粗鲁、笨拙的人
slipper /.slips/ n•拖鞋
repertory /"repatari/ /i• 轮演剧目；全部节目；库存
comedian /kaVni:djan/喜剧演员；丑角 rug /rAg/ n.地毯；厚毛毯
comic /'kumik/ fl.滑稽的；喜剧的 mattress /.maetris/ w•床垫
【短语】 comic strip连环漫画 pillowcase /'pilaukeis/ 枕套
sitcom /’sitkDm/ /丨•情景喜剧（=*丨7«油’〇,丨 comerfj) cushion /‘kujan/ n.垫子，坐垫
•383.nappy /Viaepi/ /，. 尿片 banking /baeqkiry «• 银行业；银行业务
powder /pauda/ h. 粉末；爽身粉;火药 belongings /bi'i明 z/ «.财产.所有物
napkin /.naepkin/ h . 餐巾 depreciation /di.pri:ji_eijan/ 贬值；贬低
kaleidoscope /ka’laidaskaup/ m. 万花筒
lantern /‘leentan/ 〃 . 灯笼 revaluation /rh.vaelju’eijan/ /i•重新估价
teddy Aedi/ h . 玩具熊 payoff ypemf/ H. 结清;报 偿 ；（事件 > 结局
windmill /windm丨 1/ h, 风车 earnings如 响 n.工 资 ；收益
livelihood /.laivlihud/ 生计，谋生方式
towel /'taual/ 〃 • 毛巾，手巾 moonlighting /.mum.laitiiy /!•兼职
pram /praem/ h . ( 手推）婴儿车 Overdraft /"auvadrcrft/ m• 透支（额 ）
torch 丨/ /I.火炬；火把；手电简
wick /wik/ h. 蜡烛芯，灯芯 savings /"seiviqz/ n.储蓄
【短语】get on someone’s wick使某人恼火 coinage/kainid3/ 铸 币 ；新造的词语
ashtray /aejtre" 烟灰缸 quota /kwauta/ h. 定置，限额
mall /ito:i/ /丨.购物中心 multinational /‘rriAlti’nseJanal/fl. 多国的
/I. 跨国公司
duty-free /‘dju:ti.什
i:/
免税的
(
地） sightseeing，sait‘si:»]/ h. 观光，游览
Coupon /ku:pnn/ n. tipper A 丨pa/ n. 付小费的人
handout Aiaendaut/ 免费派发物；传单
h .
franc /fraeqk/ H•法郎 lottery /’iDtan/ h. 摸 彩 ，奖券
souvenir /.su:va.ni9/ 〃 .纪念品 parcel /"pa:sal/n. 包 ，包裹
trophy /"traufi/M.奖品；纪念品；战利品 accessory /ak'sesari/ «•附件；[常〆.]装饰品；同
谋
sterling如 山 。/ a.标准纯度的；优秀的 earring /Wiry /，. 耳环
英国货币 bracelet /‘breisiat/ /丨•手獨
zip code /zip kaud/ /I•邮政编码 jade /d3eid/ h. 龍翠，玉
trademark 商标
/’treidma:k/ « .
【短语】registered trademark注册商标 g e m /d3em/ 〃.宝石
freebie /frhbi/ n• 免费的赠品 a . 免费的 ruby /’ru:b丨/ h. 红宝石
voucher /Vautja/ w• 代用券；凭证，收据 emerald /emarald/ h. 翡翠；翠绿色
inventory Anvant ； ! 门 / " . ( 商品的 1 目录，清单 crystal /kristi/ h. 水晶；结晶
pearl /p3:i/ «.珍珠（色h 珍品
checklist Ajek.i 丨 st/ « • 名单，清单 bead /bi:d/ 珠子，念珠
checkout AJekauV /».付款台，结账处
wholesale /.hauiseii/ «>•批发 cosmetic /knz_metik/ w. 化妆品
批发（的），大规模（的） 化妆用的；装点门面的
0./<«/.
marketing /ma:k ： it 丨 (]// 丨 . 销售学，市场推广 make-up /VneikAp/ «•化妆；构 造 ；性情
dealing /’di:hr]/ m • 分发；对待；交易 lipstick Apstik/ n•屏 裔 ，口红
shareholder /jeahauida/ /，•股东 m o d e /maud/ M. 方式，模式；时尚
s h a m p o o /Jaem.pu://，. 洗发水
bullish/bull丨/«.(行情等）看涨的 soapy /saupi/ a•(似）B巴阜的；迫媚的
trustee /trAS’ti:/ n.受信托人；托管理事
takeover/"teik.auva/H.接管，接收 fo a m /faum/ m. 泡沫，诞沫；泡沫材料
384-V.起泡沫；吐白沫 W. 装饰钉于
hairspray /'heasprei/ «•喷发定型剂 brooch /braut" M.胸针，饰针
hairpin /'heapm/发夹；U 字形急转弯 lens /lenz/ H.透镜；（眼球的）晶状体；隐形眼镜
razor "eiza/ 队剃刀 denture /dentj9/
/».假牙
toothpaste /'tu:0peist/ h.
牙膏
zip /zip/ H.
拉 链
V.
拉 上 （拉 链 ）
dressing /‘dresiry 穿衣；包扎伤口；敷裹；调料
/».
briefcase /'bri:fkeis/ h. 公事包
baggy /.baegi/ a. 宽松而下垂的 sacking X conical /'knnikal/a• 圆锥（形）的
Fahrenheit /faeranhait/ M .华氏（温度计） oblong 长方形（的）
Celsius /"selsias/ minau/ h•多米诺骨牌
dual /’dju:al/ a. 双重的 sauna fsoina/ n. 桑拿浴
tournament 細 namant/H• 比赛.竞赛 massage /Vneesa: 3 / 按摩，推拿
finalist /fainaiist/ «.参加决赛者 spa /spa:/ h. 矿泉；矿泉疗养地
victor /.vikta/ h• 胜利者,获胜者 sunbathe，sAnbei5/ w•沐曰光浴
victorious /Vik.t3:rias/ 咖 1/ «.陶土，陶器
ore /a:/ n.矿石，矿砂 ceramic /si‘raemik//j. 陶器，陶瓷工艺
silicon /silikan/ //. enamel /丨’naemal/ /».塘瓷，瓷 轴 涂 播 瓷 于
hardness /.ha:dms/ m•坚硬，硬度
dummy /"dAmi/ n. 仿造物，人体模型；傀儡
sulphur
/sAlfa/
H.硫(矿硫磺 puppet /'pApit/ «.木偶；傀
sulphate /'s/\ifeit/ « . 硫酸盐 crayon /kreian/ H. 彩色蜡笔（粉笔>
lime /laim/M.石灰；酸橙 charcoal /tja:kaul/ n. (木）炭，炭笔
limestone /.laimstaun/ /«.石灰石 wax /waeks/ 7J.錯 W.给…上錯
granite /’graenit/ « . 花岗岩 combustion /kam'tmstjan/ «•燃烧
ammonia /9’maunja/ n. 氨
fluid /flund/fl.流动的，液体的；易变的
hydrogen /’haidrsd33n/ h. 氢 n.液体，流质
nitrogen /"naitrac^an/ /!•氮 gaseous /.gaesias/ fl•(似}气体的
oxide /'Dksaid/ h. 氧化物 gasoline /gsesali:n/ n.
ozone /’auzaun/ 〃•臭氧 kerosene/-ine /.kerasi:n/ n•煤 油 ，火油
magnet /maegn丨V h.磁铁；有吸引力的人（物） soot /sut/ n. 黑烟灰，煤油
electromagnet /i.lektrau’maegnit/ n. 电磁体 pit /p丨t/ u. 坑；煤矿
electron /I'lektron/ n•电子 sediment /’sedimant/ h. 淀物
insulation /,insju’leijan/ /i.隔离，绝缘，限热（音）; fossil /fnsal/ m.化石
绝缘的材料 cement /si.ment/ w•水泥
insulator Ansjuleita/n.绝缘体，隔热（或音}物 aperture /sepatjua/ /i.孔，隙
speck /spek/ /I•微粒•小污点 groove /gru:v/ h•沟，槽
splinter /"spiinta/ /I.尖片，碎片 gutter，gAta/ n•沟，槽
V.(使）裂成碎片；（使）分裂 cellular /seijuia/fl.多孔的；细胞质的
asphalt /'aesfselt/ 7«.沥青；沥青、碎石和砂的混合物
•394-botany /bDtam/ n.植物学 bouquet /bau.kei/ ».花束
respiration /.respa’reijan/n.呼吸；（植物的）呼吸 wreath
/ri:0/
/丨.花环，花圈
planter/，pla:nta/n•栽培者；播种器；花盆 cane /kein/ /».茎；手杖
thoroughbred版 北 ㈣ n./a.优良种（的） bough /bau/ h.大树枝
twig /twig/ /».嫩枝，细枝 trunk ArAi]k/ /».树干；躯干；大衣箱；象鼻；车尾箱
evergreen /■evagrhn/ a.常绿的 n.常绿树
sapling /*saepiii]/ /j•幼树
greenery /gri:nen/ h• 绿树，绿色植物 seedling，si:diiiy m. 幼苗
vegetation /‘ved 3 i.teijan/ 'I• 植物，草木 willow Awilau/ n.柳树
blade /bieid/ n.刀刃；叶片 oak /auk/ «.橡树
reed /ri:d/ n.芦苇；簧（管）乐器 maple /metpi/ «• 槭树，枫树
fern /f3:n/ n.蕨类植物 elm /elm/ n.榆树
herb /h3:b/ n.草本植物，药草
cherry /tje门/ «.樱桃（树>
vine /vain/ /丨. 葡萄树；藤本植物 persimmon /p3:’siman/ n.柿子（树）
grapevine /'greipvain/ m• 葡萄藤;消息的传播途径 mango /"maeQgau/ h. 芒果（树）
vineyard /Vinja:d/ n.葡萄园 birch細 :灯/ h.桦树；桦树条
orchard ad/ n.果园 chestnut AJestnAt/n.栗子；栗树
overgrown Aauva’graun/ fl.草木丛生的；成长过快 conifer /.knnifa/ h. 针叶树
的
moss /mDS/ n•苔藓，青苔 fir /f3:/ 〃.冷杉木
spruce /sp「u:s/ h. 云杉
lichen /"laikan/ •地衣 mahogany /ma'hogam/ «•红木
Straw /stra:/ n.稻草，麦秸；吸管 walnut /.w3:inat/ w• 胡桃(树）
hay/hei/n.(作饲料用的 >千草 cactus /"k^ktas/ /».仙人掌
fodder "oda/ n.饲料，秣 chrysanthemum /kri'saen0amam/ n.菊（花}
bale /beii/ h•包，捆 v a 把…打包
m o w /mau/ v.割（草、禾） peony /.piani/ /i.牡丹；芍药
zoology /zau.nlad3i/ n. 动物学
fell /fel/ vA 砍伐 vet /vet/ H• 兽 医 • 诊疗（动物）；详细调查
thorn /0〇:n/n.刺，荆棘；带刺小灌木 veterinary /Vetarinari/ 仏兽医的
timber /’timba/ H.木材；树木 peacock /pi:knk/ h•孔雀
shrub /j「Ab/ n•灌木 swan /swnn/ h. 天鹤
bud /bAd/ n.叶芽，花蕾W. 发芽
petal /petal/ n. 花瓣 phoenix "iiruks/ h. 凤凰
crane /kre丨n/ 〃. 鹤；起重机
foliage/‘fauiiid 3 /"• 叶子，簇叶 lark /ia:k/ ；).云雀；戏耍v/.嬉戏
. 395.nightingale /.naitirjgeii/ «.夜莺 hound /haund/ h•猎犬v• 烦扰，纠缠
thrush /8叫 / "•画眉 quarry /kwnri/ n.采石场；猎物
canary /ka.near" //• 金丝雀；淡黄色 greyhound /.greihaund/ H. 灰狗
robin /robin/ n. 知更鸟 m a m m a l /‘maemal/ H.哺乳动物
owl /9Ul/ H. 猫头鹰 suckle /"sAki/ v.给…喂奶
sparrow /’spaerau/ h•麻雀 dolphin /'doifin/ 海豚
raven "eivan/ 大乌鸦 lioness /.laiams/ n•母狮
crow/krau/H.乌 鸦 ；鸡 啼 v/.(雄鸡）啼 ；得意洋洋 leopard /lepad/ n.豹
ostrich /’nst「丨tf/ « . 鸵鸟 gorilla /ga.rila/ h. 大猩猩
gull /gAl/ /I•海鸥 buffalo /bAfalau/ 水牛，野牛
seagull，si:gAi/ /i. ;■每鸦 rhino /’rainau/ n.犀牛（= rWmwerfw)
penguin /’peggwin/ m. 企鹤 hippo /hipau/ n. (= hippopotamus)
beak/bi:k/H•(鸟等的）喙 ；鸟嘴状物 zebra 'zi:bra/ m. 斑马
peck /pek/ v.(鸟 ）以 喙 啄 "，啄 （痕 ） hoof /hu:f/ h. 蹄
p a w /po:/ n.爪 子 V. 用爪抓 hare /hea/ n. 野兔
claw/kb:/«•(鸟兽的）爪 hedgehog /.hed3hng/ 〃.刺 3胃
plume /piu:m/w.羽毛（饰物）w. 用羽毛装饰 mole /maul/ 〃. 躍 鼠 ；间谋；黑痒
poultry /'paultn/ H. 家禽 den /den/ H.兽穴；私室
fowl /faul/ n.家 禽 ；禽肉 reptile /reptail/ h•爬行动物
rooster /'ru:sta/ «•公鸡 rattlesnake /.raetlsneik/ m. 响尾蛇(=ra"/er}
crest /krest/ h. 鸟冠，鸡 冠 ；翎 毛 ；山顶；（信纸上的} serpent /.S3:pant/ h• 蛇 ；狡狯的人
饰章
crocodile /krokada丨1/ /i• 鳄 鱼 （皮 ）；双列队行进的
duckling /'dAki丨I]/ 雏鸭，小鸭肉 学童
dove /dAv/ /».鸽 子 ；主和派人士 alligator /'aeligeita/ /J. 短吻鳄
gallop /’gaelap/ 飞跑 v.(马等>奔驰 lizard Azad/ 蜥蜴
livestock /’laivstnk/ /J•牲畜 turtle /"t3:ti/ it.海龟，甲鱼
kitten /"kitan/ n. 小猫 tortoise /_t〇:tas/ h. 乌龟
puppy /— i/ 小狗 insecticide /丨n’sektisaid/ m. 杀虫剂
pony /_paum/ /».小马 feeler /.fi:ia/ h•触角，触须
mule /mju：i/ //. 31 3nt6nna /aen’ten3/H.触须；天线
calf/ka:f/n.小 牛 ；小牛皮；小腿肚 h u m /hAm/v.发嗡嗡声；哼 （曲子> H. 嗡嗡声
lamb /laem/ ; 丨.盖 羊 ；盖羊肉；温顺的人 ladybird /Ieidib3：d/ //. H
ram /raem/w.公 羊 ；冲 压 机 V.猛 撞 ；塞进 larva /la:va/ m. 幼虫
fleece /fii:s/ m. 羊 毛 v r 欺诈，敲竹杠 beetle /’bi:ti/ 甲壳虫
ass /aes/ H• 驴 ；笨蛋 pest /pest/H.害虫；讨厌的人
hog /hng/ H. 猪 ；自私贪姿的人 insect Ansekt/ h. 昆虫
canine/kema丨n/fl.犬 （属 ）的 犬 属 动 物 caterpillar /kaetapiia/n.(蝴蝶等的）幼 虫 ；拖拉机
396.等的履带 phobia ,faubia/ h. 恐惧症
moth /mn8/ h• 蛾，蛀虫 psychiatry /sai’kaiat
「丨
/ h.
精 神 病 学 ，精 神 病 疗 法
wasp /wnsp/H.黄蜂；脾气暴躁的人 psychology /sai'knlad i/
3 /，. 心理学
locust /laukast/ H. 蝗虫
painki丨ler /peinkiia/
止 痛 药
worm /W3:m/ « .虫；可怜虫，可鄙的人v.蠕动 narcotic /na:'kntik/ h■
安目民药；麻醉剂
flea /fli:/ n . 跳蚤 heroin /_he 「 au 丨 n/ h. 海洛因
cobweb /.knbweb/ 蜘蛛网 opium /’aupiam/ H •鸦 片
cricket /krik 丨 t/ 蟋 蟀 ；板球 tablet /_teeb 丨丨 t/ H. 药 片 ；（肥 皂 等 ）小块
dragonfly /.draeganflai/ h. 蜻蜓 capsule /kaepsju:l/ II. 胶 驀 ；航天舱
grasshopper /grais.hnpa/ n.
counterdrug /'kauntadrAg/
解瘛药
cockroach /kokraut// n. pharmacist ， fa:m9sist/ h. 药剂师
toad /taud/ / 丨 . 蟾 蜍 ，癩蛤蟆 pharmacy /’fa:m as" 药 学 ；药 房 ；制药
scorpion /"skoipian/ h•蝎子 dispense /dis.pens/ w.
分 配 ；配 （药 ）
microorganism /.maikr9U' ： ):gamzm/ m. 微生物 ether /i:0a/ n . 乙醚
bacteria /baek'tiaria/ n•细菌 dispensary /dis'pensari/ m•
药 房 ，医务室
germ /d33:m/ h. 细菌，病菌；种子，幼芽
dissect /di'sekt/ v
. 解剖
fungus /'fAQgas/ anatomy /a'naetami/
[j>l. fun^ i] n. 解 剖 （学 人 体 结 构
antibiotic /.aentiba丨’nt丨k/ h. 抗生素 fl. 抗菌的 physiological /.fm3’lnd3ikal/ •
生 理 的 ，生 理 学
antiseptic /.aenti.septik/ fl.抗菌的，防腐的
的
H.抗菌素，防腐剂 physiology /,fiz d "
油 3 « . 生理学
flu /flu:/ / 丨 . 流 行 性 感 冒 （ = //(/7Menza) acupuncture /.aekju.p/\i]ktj9/h. 针灸
influenza /.influ.enza/ h•流 行 性 感 冒 therapy /’0erapi/ h. 治疗，疗法
pneumonia /nju:’mauni3/ n . 肺炎 therapist /’0erapist/ h•治疗专家
tuberculosis /tju.b3:kju’lausis/ »•肺结核 clinical /’klimkal/a.
诊 所 的 ；医 院 的 ；临 床 的 ；冷静
rheumatism " 3
議 言 _ 风 湿 病 的
malady /Vnaeladi/ h. 疾病；弊病 syringe /sinnd 3 / 注 射 器 w . 用 注 水 器 清 洗
malaria /ma'learia/ 〃 .疟疾 hygiene/haid
3
i:n/
〃
•
卫 生
(
学 >,保 健 学
tumour ytju:ma/n 1 sanitary /'saerutari/ fl.
. (肿 瘸 卫 生 的 ，清 洁 的 ；保健的
blister /blista/ n.水疱；气泡 sanatorium /.saena't3:ri9m/ « .疗养院
fitness /fitnas/ h.
怡 当 ；健康
sicken /’siion/ v.使 感 到 厌 恶 ；生病 longevity /brTc^evati/ «•长 寿
sunstroke /"sAnstrauk/中暑
vomit /’vomit/ v.呕吐
397.violet /va丨alit/ n.紫罗兰fl. 紫色的 nickname /'nikneim/ « .绰 号 ，爱称
purple，p3:pi/ h. 紫色 a. 紫色的 surname /"s3:neim/ h. 姓
scarlet /sk〇:丨丨t/ a. 猩红色的 forename /^neim/ n .名 ，教名
rosy /’rauz丨/ fl.玫瑰红的；令人鼓舞的
reddish /redij/ «r. 略呈红色的 Clan /klaen//丨• 氏族，家族
khaki /kaiki/ "./a. 土黄色（的），卡其布（的） forefather A：):.fa:&a/ h. [/)/.】祖 先 ，祖宗
grassroots /‘gra:s.ru:ts/ /i•平 民 百 姓
silvery 'silvan/ a.光亮的，银色的；清脆的 rustic />Astik/fl.有乡村风味的；粗野的；用粗糙的
Crimson /'krimzn/ H./fl.深红（色的 1 木材制作的n. 乡巴佬
V.(使）变绯红色 et al /.et‘ael/flrf,以 及 其 他 人 （事 物 ）
amber /.aemba/ H.琥珀（色） et cetera /et’setera/ 等 等 之 人 （物 ）（= 执
ivory /"aivari/ h. 象牙；象牙色
a.象牙制的；象牙色的 firstborn /f3:stb；):rVfl. 最 先 出生的m• 长子，长女
blond /biDnd/fl. 淡黄色的；白肤金发碧眼的 lad /laed/ H.少年；小伙子
blonde /btond/ /»•白肤金发碧目艮的女人 chap /tjaep/ /!• 家伙，小伙子
maiden /Vneidan/ n .少女 a .首次的
fairness "earns/ "•公平;晴朗；白皙 lass /lees/ M.少女
touching細 ㈣ a. 动人的 shit /丨it/ n .讨厌的家伙；獎 便 胡 说 ！去你的！
receptive /ri’septiv/ a•易于接受的
popularity /.pnpju'laerati/ /!•普及；受欢迎 guy /ga丨/ n. 家伙
craze /kreiz/ n.时尚；狂热 mate /meit/ n .伙伴；伴侣；船长的副手
Dutch/dMj/• 荷兰的，荷兰人（语）的；各自付费 unisex /"jiKniseks/ a•不分男女的
的 virgin /‘V3:d3in/ h. 处女
【短语】beat the Dutch令人吃惊// go Dutch各 fl.处女的；未开发的；首次的
自付账 spinster /"spinsta/ •未婚女人
mistress /mistris/ h. 女主人；情妇
aborigine /.aeba'rid33ni/H.(澳洲的）土著
aboriginal /.aeba'rid33n3l/ fl• 土生的；土著的 妾，小老婆
c o n c u b i n e /"knrjkjubain/ H•
Czar /za:/ /丨.俄国沙皇 bony 骨的；多骨的；瘦的
/bauni/fl.
Cantonese /,kaenta'ni:z/ n ./a .粤语（的）；广东人 hobbyist /hribust/ 沉 溺 于 某 种 癖 好 者
(的） pedestrian 〃.行人
/pi’destrian/
Yank/Yankee "田听；^ 咖 / « . 美国诸 eccentric 古怪的 古怪的人
/ik’sentnk/ a . h .
Jew /d3u:/ w. 犹太人 lunatic 丨疯子；极愚蠢的人
Aj:natik/ /.
疯的；极愚 的
隆重的仪式，典礼
orphanage /^:⑼ 吨 / ".孤儿院；孤儿的身份 pope /paup/ n•教皇
missionary /■mijanari/ h. 传教士
informant /in.fa:mant/ "•提供信息的人 clergy /ki3:d3i/ m. 神职人员
bastard /bcKstad/ /丨. 私生子；杂种；讨厌鬼；劣等
货 clergyman /ki3:d3iman/ «• 教 士 ，牧师
derelict /denlikt/ a.被弃置的，荒废的 bishop Ajifap/ 主 教 ；（国 际 象 棋 ）象
M.被遗弃的人 archbishop Ai:tjbijap/ m. 大 主教
paradise /'paeradais/• 天 堂 ，乐园 priest /p「i:st/ h. 牧 师 ，神父
fairy /'fean/ h. 小仙子 vicar /vik9/ n. 教 区 牧 师
fairyland /'fearilaend/ M.仙境 pilgrim /’pilgrim/ 朝 圣 者
goddess /.gndis/ H•女 神 saint /se丨nt//;.圣人，圣徒；[S-]圣…；道德高尚的人
theology / 0 i.niad 3 i/ 神 学 ;宗 教 信 仰 relic /Vei丨k/ ;丨. 遗迹；圣者遗物
theologian /0ia'i9ud3ian/ /，. 神学家 monk /mA<]k/ 〃. 僧侣，和尚
shrine /jrain/ 神 龛 ，圣 祠 ；圣 骨 箱 ；圣地 nun /rtAn/ h. 修 女 ，尼姑
altar /bHta/ "•神 坛 ，祭坛 hermit Awmit/w.隐居修道士，隐士
idol /’aidal/ H.神 像 ；偶像 disciple /di_saipi/«.信徒，门徒
sect/sekt/〃 .（尤指宗教的）派别
sermon /^:阳的/ /!.讲道，布道
denomination /di.nnmi.neijan/ n.命名；宗派；面 almighty/3:i_mait丨/a.全能的，万能的
额，单位
baptize /beep.taiz/ v.给 … 施洗礼
Buddha /_buda/n•佛 ，佛陀
baptisni /.baeptizam/ H. 洗 礼 ;浸 礼
Catholic /kae8alik/fl.天主教的H. 天主教徒
anthem /aen8am/ H. 圣歌，赞美诗；国歌
Puritan /’pjuaribn/ «.清教徒
carol /kaeral/ H.(圣诞）颂歌
■slam /'izla:m//». 伊斯兰教；伊斯兰教徒；伊斯兰国
家 Mass /maes/ «•弥撒；弥撒曲
hymn 赞美诗，圣 歌 唱 赞 美 诗 ，颂扬
Muslim /muzlim/ n./fl• 伊斯兰教徒（的）
choir/kwaia/n. P昌诗班；唱诗班的席位
Protestant /"pmtistant/ «.新教徒
salvation /sael'veijan/ /I.拯救；超度
Christianity /.krist丨，aenati/ h. 基督教
repent /n.pent/ v.悔悟，悔改
savio(u)r /seivja/ /i.救助者；救世主
secular /’sekjula/ a.世俗的；（指教士）不属修道院
abbey /.aebi/ h. 修道院，僧院
的
monastery /"monastar丨/«.修道院，寺院
earthly /3:01丨/ a.尘世的，世俗的；可能的
cathedral /ka.0i:dral/ /?.大教堂
Satan /’seitan/ M. 撒旦；魔鬼
chapel/.tjaepai/w.(基督教)小教堂
dev丨I /‘deval/ /!.魔鬼；家伙，冒失鬼
mosque /mnsk/ h. 清真寺
devilish /devai丨j/ a•恶魔似的
parish /'paerij/ m•教区
monster /’mnnsta/ H. 怪物；凶残的人fl. 巨大的
steeple，sti:pi/ n•(教堂的）尖塔
witchcraft /witjiaaift/ /».魔法，巫术
churchyard /.tj3:tfja:d/ «•教堂墓地
399-ghost /gaust/ 〃. 鬼，幽灵 spine/spam//».脊柱；（动植物的）刺；书脊
deceased /di.si:st/ fl.去世的 h•死者 bosom /_buzam/ «.胸；胸襟
fate /fe丨t/w.命运；毁灭，死亡 breast /brest/ n.胸（脯）；乳房
coffin /’knfin/ «.棺 ，柩 [ 短语】make a clean breast of 彻底 JSil'ri
condolence /kan.daulans/ 吊唁，追悼
corpse /i〇:ps/ "•尸体 rib /rib/ n. 肋骨
abdomen /'aebdaman/ /j•腹（部），下腹
carcass/carcase /’ka:i;内部
corporal 肉体的，身体的 intestine /in’testin/ "• [/".l肠
/.k3:paral/fl•
plump
/plAmp/ fl•
丰满的，圆胖的 bladder /blaeda/ h. 膀胱;赛袋
Stout /staut/
fl.
肥壮的；牢固的 urine /juarin/ h. 尿
embryo /"embriau/ h. 胚月台 limb /丨丨m/ n.肢，臂；树
skull 头盖骨
/skAl/ H .
scalp 头皮 剥下…头皮 forearm /"fo:ra:m/ n. 前货
/skaelp/ H . v .
thigh /0ai/ «.大腿
marrow /‘maerau/ h. 骨髓；精髓；葫芦科疏菜 hip /hip/ h. II部，股
forehead /*ftind/ n .额，前额 armpit Ai:m pit/ /i•腋窝
brow /brau/ h. 眉，眉毛 wrist /nst/ ;丨•腕 （关节}
eyebrow /’aibrau/ 眉毛 knuckle /ViAki/ n.指关节
eyelash /.aiiae" "•睫毛
eye/fc/ /"ail丨d/ //.眼皮，眼睑
moustache /ma’sta:J/ h.小胡子；触须
whisker /w丨ska/ 〃.[/?/•]连II胡子
eye-opener /ai'aupana/ h. 使人大开目艮界的事物 hairy /'heari/ a.多毛的
retina /retma/ « .视网膜 bushy /’bu丨丨/ a.(指毛发）浓密的
cornea /ko:ma/ n .角膜 bristle ,bnsi/ "•硬而粗的毛发
nostril /.nnstrtl/ "•员孔 wig /wig/ m•假发
jaw /d33:/ H•颚 ；tM](动物的）嘴；（钳子等）夹东西
的部分 footprint /"futpnnt/ w. 脚印
eardrum /.ladr/vm/ "•耳膜 footstep /"futstep/ /丨•脚步（声）；足迹
squat /skwot/ v•蹲踞，蜷伏
saliva /sa'laiva/ n.睡液丨口水 crouch /*krautj/ h. 蹲伏，屈（膝 >
sperm /sp3:m/ 精液，精子 clench /klentj/ V. 握紧（拳头等）；咬紧（牙关}
backbone /_baekb3un/ ij. 脊椎；骨干；骨气 grimace /g门.meis/ v. 扮鬼脸
. 400.财
■mm
baby-sit /be丨bisit/ v. |代人临时）照看嬰儿 tavern /taevan/ m. 客栈，小酒店
bachelor /.baetjala/，，. 单身汉；学士 firefighter /fa丨afaita/ «.消防人员
Cab /kaeb/ H.出租汽车；司机室 fire-drill /fa丨adril/ n. 消防演习
cadet /kidet/«.(餐官学校的）学生 apprentice /a'prentis/ h. 徒弟，学徒
bandit /.baendit/ n. 土匪，强盗 constable ZkAnstabl/ rt. («r£)轚察
cadre /karda/ H.干部 cop /knp/ h•警察
dealer /.di:ia/ n•商人 governess ,g/\v；)nis/ w. 家庭女教师
dean /di:n//i.教务长；学院院长，系主任 tradesman /.treidzman/ 〃. 商人，零售商
headmistress /‘hed'mistris/ n.(中小学的）女校 don /dnn/H.西班牙人名前的尊称；教师
长 V A 穿上，戴上
salesc丨erk /■seiizkicrk/ "•售货员 foreman /’f3:man/ 工头，领班；陪审团团长
caretaker /.keateika/ «•管理员 surveillance /saVeiians/ 〃• （囚犯等的）看守；监
janitor /.d3aemt9/ h. 管理人 督
vendor/.vend。:/".小贩：（房屋等的）卖主
headman /.hedman/ n.首领，酋长
secrecy /"shkrisi/ h. 保密；秘密状态 butler細丨9/ 〃.男管家
secretarial /.sekn’tearial/cr.秘书的；部长的，大臣 dresser /"dresa/ h• 服装师；外科医生助手；碗柜；
的 梳妆台
secretariat /‘sekra'teariat/ h. 秘书处 fraternity /fra't3:nati/ «.手足之情；同行业的人；
rower /raua/ h. 划船运动员，划手 大学生联谊会
Stockbroker /stnk.brauka/ m. 股票经纪人 practitioner /prsek.tijana/ h• 开业医生（律师 h 实
习者；从业者
stockholder /"st— a/ /，.股东 troubleshooter ArAb?>iju:ta/，，• 故障检修员，排
解纠纷者
veteran /Vetaran/ /;.老兵，老手
miner /.mama/ 矿工
老兵的，富有经验的
plumber ,piAma/ «•管道工
courier/kuna/«•特另iH言使；向导
electric 丨 an /i.iek’trijan/ h•电工
housebreaker /.haus.breika/ 〃.入室行窃的匪徒
midwife Anidwaif/ m•助产士，接生婆
prophet /pmfit/ «•预言家，先知
middleman Anidimaen/ n• 经纪人，中间人
landlady /’laend.leidi/H.女房东；女地主
smith /smi0/ ；j. 铁匠 landlord /'laendb:d/ H.地主；房东
blacksmith /'blaeksmiB/ /».铁匠 hairdresser /hea.dresa/ «.理发师
mason Aneisan/ n.石匠，泥瓦匠
barber /.ba:ba/ "•理发师
cobbler /knbia/ «•补鞋匠
chauffeur /.Jaufa/ ",私家雇用的司机
messenger /，mesind33/ 信使；通信员
marker /mccka/ «.做标记的人（或工具记分员；
innkeeper /'ir)‘ki:pa/ h. 客栈老板
401 •标示物 showcase
/"Jauke丨s/ h. 陈列柜
bodyguard Amdigcrd/H. 卫士 .卫队 w a r d r o b e •衣 橱 ，衣柜
mayor /mea/ «•市 长 cot /kDt/ «.幼儿床；简易床
tobacconist /ta'baekanist/ /，•烟 草 店 老 板 locker yiDka/ n•储物柜
earphone n. ]耳机
Aafaun/ [〆
guardian /.g〇:dian/ "• 监护人；守卫者
earplug 叩 •耳塞
A i/\g/ n
usher Aja/n.迎 宾 员 吡 引 （进 )
rep /rep/H.销售代表；剧院，剧团 socket /snkit/ h. 插 座 ；凹处
shepherd /.Jepad/ h. 牧羊人 cassette /ka:’set/ h. 盒子；盒式录音带
errand /'erand/ h. (小）差事，差使 oven
/Avan/ n. 烤 箱 ，烤炉
manpower /.maenpaua/ h. 人力.劳动力 bulb /bAlb/ h. 电灯泡；球状物
dryer/drier /’draia/ 脱水机，干操剂
"•
workload /_w3:kiaud/ h. 工 作 负 荷 ，工 作置 dry-clean /,drai’kli:n/ v.干洗
halve細 :v/ v• 把 …减半
sweatshop /’swetjnp/ h. 血 汗工厂 headset /_hedset/ «.头戴式受话器，耳机
Stricken /’stnkari/ fl.受折磨的 semi-conductor /.semikan.dAkta/ m. 半导体
【短语】poverty-stricken贫穷不堪的 transistor /traen'sista/ m• 晶体管；晶体管收音机
sawmill /’so:mil/ « . 锯木厂 hoover /.hu:va/ v. 用真空吸尘器吸尘
recess /n’ses/ h. 工 间 休 息 ；壁 凹 ，壁 橱 ；隐秘处 H. 真空吸尘器
V/.使凹进 portable /pitabi/ a.轻便的，手提式的
roller /Vauia/ h. 滚轴；压路机
funnel細 3丨/ 〃• 漏斗;烟囱
smokestack /smaukstaek/ H. 大烟囱 spotlight /spntlait/H.聚光灯；众人注目的焦点
fireplace /faiapieis/ h• 壁 炉 hydroelectric /.haidraui’lektrik/ fl. 7]<力发电的
fireside /'faiasaid/ «.
intercom Antakom/ h. 内部通话系统，对讲机
Stove /stauv/ h• 火 炉 ，炉灶 switchboard /’switjb3:d/ «• 电话交换台，配电板
firewood /faiawud/ n. 柴 gramophone /graemafaun/ n. 留声机
pager ,peid39/ «.寻呼机
firework "aiaw3:k/H• 烟 火 具 ；(/，/.]烟火
closet /klDZit/ n.檷柜；小房间；盥洗室 fluorescent /.flua'resant/ fl•(有 ）荧光的
【短语】come/bring out of the closet 把…）从隐
( flashlight /flaejla丨V m. 闪光灯
蔽状态转为公开
untie /.An’tai/ v• 解开，松开
sidelight /saidiait/ «.侧 光 ；侧 灯 ；侧 窗 ；间接说明
Clout /klaut/H.敲，打；影响力v•敲击
skylight /'skaiiait/ "•天窗
flick /fiik/ V./H.轻打，轻弹
pane /pein/ «.窗上的玻璃
sever /.seva/ w.切断，割开
lavatory /laevatari/ h. 厕 所 ，盥洗室
thrash /0r£ef/v• 打（谷物）；鞭打；击败；猛烈舞（挥)
hedgerow /'hed 3「au/ « . — 排树萬
动
tier /tia/ h•—排 ，一层 thresh /0rej/ v .(用机器}脱粒
COUCh /kautJV 〃.长 沙 发 椅 scissors /"s丨zaz/ n•剪刀
settee /se’ti:/ /i. 长 沙 发 椅 duster /'dAsta/ h• 揩布，拂尘
Stool /stu:l/ u. 凳子 dustpan ,dAstpaen/ n.簸箕
sideboard /•saidbiKd/ 〃.餐具 柜 ；[/，/.丨聰须 fastening h. 紧固件，扣拴物
. 402.cord /k3:d/«.绳索，带子；小电线；灯芯绒 shovel /.JAV3I/ H. 铲 ，锹 铲 起
jack /d 3 sek/ H. 千 斤顶 flint /flint/ /».燧 石 ，打 火石
Scaffold丨ng /skaefaldir]/ H. 脚手架 bin /bin/ H. 大口箱子；垃圾箱
thumbtack /.8/\mtaek/ m. 图钉 fishing-rod 帅 _ / m•钓 竿
cardboard /.ka:db〇:d/ h. 厚纸板
carton細 ⑽ 纸 板 盒 ,纸板箱 pad /psed/ n. 衬 垫 ；便 笺 簿 VA填塞
paperweight /'peipaweit/ h. 镇纸
crate /kreit/ n.柳条箱，木箱 mop /m叩/ n. 拖 把 v. 用拖把擦
hoe /hau/ n.锁头 v.锁 furnace /’f3:ms/ h. 熔 炉 ，火炉
poker /pauke/ /i.拨火棒；扑克 gong /gnr]/ «•锣
spade /speid/ 铲,铁锹；纸牌中的黑桃 utensil /ju:.tensl//i• 器 皿 ，用具
【短语】call a spade a spade直言不讳
spanner /.spaena/ n•扳手 sieve /siv/ h•漏 勺 ，筛 子 v. 筛分
spike /spaik/H.钉状物；鞋钉w. 用钉钉 sift /sift/ v•筛 ，过滤；详审
rolling-pin /Vauiirpm/ /;•擀 面杖
Sprifiglock /'sprirjlnk/ h. 弹簧锁 saucepan /s3:sp9n/ (有柄的）平底锅
whip /wip/ //• 鞭 子 用 鞭 子 抽 ；搅 打 成糊状 tray /tre丨/ 〃.托 盘 ，碟
horsewhip /_h3:s.wip/ «.马鞭 saucer /.s〇:s3/ «•茶 托 ，茶碟
cork /ko:k/ ;丨. 软木；软木塞
crutch /krAtJ/ H.拐杖；支柱，支架 teaspoon /.ti:spu:n/ h. 茶 匙 ；茶 匙 的 量
hoop /hu:p/w.铁环，圈 chopsticks /.tf 叩stiks/ « . 筷子
lid /丨丨d/ m. 盖 子 ；眼皮
sling /siiry v/.投掷，抛；吊起h. 吊链 jug/d3Ag/n.(有 柄 和 嘴 的 1壶
prop /pmp/n• 支柱，支撑物 kettle /_keti/ h. (烧水用的）水壶
buckle Amki/ "•扣环 flask /flcrsk/ n. 烧 瓶 ；长颈瓶；保温瓶
V.用扣环扣住；（使）弯曲；屈服
rod /md/ n. 棒，杆 beaker /'bi:ka/ H•大 口 酒 杯 ；烧杯
scythe /sai&/H.大镰刀v. 以大镰刀割 mug /mAg/ "•(有 柄 的 ）大 杯 子 V.抢劫
sickle /siki/ 镰刀 pail /pe丨 1/ ；«•桶
cask /ka:sk/ H. 木桶
drumstick /’drAmstik/ H. 鼓 槌 ；（熟鸡等的）腿 barrel 'bserei/ /».桶 ；枪管
knob /nnb/ H. 球形捏手
tub /tAb/ n. 桶 ，盆 ；浴盆
403-a
附录
常见词根词缀表
词根 例子 lig, ly 绑 obligation w.义务
act, a g 行动，作用 interact v i相 互作用 manu, man ^ manual at. 手 T.做的
cap拿，抓 capt ure v/./w•捕获 ；占领 medi, mid 中间 amid prq?. ft …中间
ceed, cess 去 proceed vi. ffiit merge, merse 沉 submerge v/. fi 没，淹没
ceive，cept cip 拿，取 min小的 minor 较小的
acceptable a• 可 接 受 的 mit, miss 送；投，掷
centi 百 centigrade a.摄氏的，百 missile /i•导弹
分度的 mov，mob, mot 移动
civ公民 civil a• 公 民 （间）的 removal /!.移动
claim, clam大叫，呼喊exclaim v.呼喊，惊叫 neg否定 neglect w.忽视
clin倾斜，弯曲 incline v•(使）倾斜 not标记 notify v/.通知
clud，clus 关闭 conclude v/.结束 opt选择 option n. 选抒•
cognis，gnor 知道 part, port 部分 partial a.部分的
recognise v/.认出 pati，pass, path 承受；感觉
cord, core 心 accord v/. ttl -致 compatible a•合得来的
crit判断 critic w. 批 if 家 pend, pens悬挂；衡置
cur(e)注意；留心 accurate a.梢确的
suspend v/• 悬.社
cur⑻ 流 ，跑 excursion /，•远足
pha表示 emphasis w. 强调
cyc，circu 圆 circulate v•(使）循环
ply, pli, pie折蝥，重叠
diet 说 dictate v. U 授 ，口述 complex a. 复杂的
duce，duct 引导 conduct W.指挥，引导
port运送，拿 portable at. 他'于携带的
equ相等的 equality /i•相 等 pos置，放 disposal n. 布置
fac(t}，feet, fic 做
press 压 compress v/.丨丨(紧
manufacture v/•制 造
prim, prin 第一 primary a. :t{要的
fer运载 transfer v .转移
quire, quest 追求 acquire v/.获得
fin末端，界限 infinite仏无限的
reg统治 regulate vt.
form形成 reform W•改
rupt打破 bankrupt a•破产的
gener, gen 产生 generate v/.产生
scope, spect 看见 iijsppft vt.
grad, gress 行走 aggressive a. 侵犯的
sens, sent 感觉 consensus /i•(意见等）一致 *
grat, grati 高兴的
sequ跟随 consequence n .结果
congratulate v t,向…道#
serv服务；保持 preserve v/.保护，维持
hibit持有 exhibit v/•艘 览
sign标记 signal /i.倍 U
ject，jac 投，扔 reject v/.把绝
sist，sta，stitut 站立
lax, lease, lyse 放松，松开
estate w .地产
relax v .放松
solv，solut 松开 solution /!.解决
lect, leg, lig 挑选，收集
speci种，类 specific a.特有的
collection /i. 收集
spir呼吸 inspire W.给…以灵感
leg法律 legal u .法律（上）的
• 404 •spond，spons约定，保证 non- ^ nonsense /!.废话
respond v/.答复 ob-, op-相反 oppose v/•反对
stinct，sting，stim朿 ij stirruilate v /.刺激 out• 向外，出来 outlet w. 出口
struct建筑 structure v /.建造 over•越过 overlook v/.忽视
vac, van, void 空的 vanish v/. 消失 per- 穿过 perspective n. 视角
ven，vent来至丨 J revenue //.收人 pre-在…之前 pregnant a•怀孕的
vers, vert改变，转向 reverse W . 使反向 pro- 向前 promote v/.促进
vid，vis，view 看见 interview w . 会见 re• 向后；再次 recall v/.冋忆起
voc，voke 喊叫 advocate W . 提倡，主张 semi- 半 semiconductor /i. 半导
体
volve，volut 滚，卷，转 revolve vi.旋转 sub-在…下 subway /i. 地铁
super-在…之上，超级的 superior a .优于…的
前 缀 例子
trans-横过，越过 transplant v△移栽
tri•三 triangle n. 三角
a - 在…之上 aboard 在(船、飞机 、
un- 不 uncover vt.
车)上
under-在…下面，低于… underline w.在…下而划
ab-，abs-离开，偏离
abnormal a .
反常的
线
anti- % anticipate W •预期
uni- —个 unique cr.唯一的，独特
ac-，acK af-，ag»，ap>，ar-, as»，at- 表力卩强意
的
/•指控
accuse v
bene-好 beneficial fl.有益的 后缀
bio-生命
biology w .
生物学
动词后缀：-ate，-en，-⑴fy，-ish，-ize/ise
cata■向下
catalog(ue) //. 0
录
副词后缀:-ly, -ward⑼，-way(s)
col-, corrv, con-, CO, cor-共同，一起 形容词后缀：-able/ible, -al/ialrful ~ic, 4shu -ive, -ly
. 战斗
combat w 表示“人”的名词后缀:-ist -man, -er/or, »ee，-ant
contra-相反 contrast v• 对比，对照 表示“小”的名词后缀：-el, -let, -(c〇ule
d e - 离；加强词意 depart v/‘. 离开；背离 抽象名词后缀 Moi% "hooci -ic(s), -ism，-ship，-ty
di-，dif-，dis•分开
discard v
/.丢弃
dia-穿过
diameter w
. 直径
e*，ef-，e x - 出，出来
. 出
export v 1:1
em-，e n - 在…之中；使… enclose v/. |?1 住
fore-前
forehead w
. 前额
卜，il-，im-，in■不
indifferent fl
•不关心的
im-，il• 在…上
impose v/.
把
…
强加于
in•进入；向
… indicate
表明，示意
inter-在…之间
interfere
vi. 干涉
micro-, mini-小 microwave "•微波
multi-许多
multiple cr.
复合的，多
重的
•405.a
附录
实用英语热词
政治类
阅兵式 military review 权威人士 authoritative source
国事访问 state visit 基层 grass roots
灾后重建 post-disaster reconstruction 初选 primary election
常任理事国 permanent members 投票曰 polling day
代总统 acting president 选区 electoral district
执政党 administration party 投弃权票 abstain from voting
国务卿 secretary of state 基层竞选 grassroots campaign
官方消息 authoritative information 和谐社会 a harmonious society
(商 业 类 ）
跨境结算 cross-border settlement 信用卡 credit card
境外投资 overseas investment 恶意透支 malicious overdraft
民间投资 private investment 信用卡诈骗 credit care 丨 fraud
通胀预期 inflation expectation 套现 cash out
双边贸易 bilateral trade 假钞 fake note
地产泡沫 property bubble 优惠卡 preferential card
信贷紧缩 credit squeeze 支付体系 payment/clearing system
同比增长 year-on-year rise/growth 电话银行 telephone banking
消费者物价指数 consumer price index 双币卡 dual-ciuTency cards
囤地 land reserves 商标价值 brand value
信贷扩张 credit expansion 经济过热 overheated economy
人力成本 H R cost 商业炒作 commercial speculation
富豪榜 rich list 年末促销 year-end promotion
点钞费 counting fee 隐性收入 hidden income
非现金支付工具 noncash payment instruments 闲置地产 vacant property
借记卡 debit card
教育类
( 大学）扩招 expansion of college 素质教育 quality education
毕业典礼
enrollment graduation ceremony
象牙塔 ivory tower 学士服 academic dress
师资力量 teaching faculty 读研 attend graduate school
入学率 enrollment rate 管理松散 lax management
学术剽窃 plagiarizing in academic 义务教育 compulsory education
就业预瞀机制
papers job alert system
学历造假 fabricate academic 教育规划纲要 national education plan
学前教育的普及
credentials universal preschool education
毕业论文 a graduation dissertation/ 学士学位 bachelor's degree
硕士学位
thesis master’s degree
论文答辩 thesis oral defense 博士学位 doctor’s degree
• 406 •文学学士 选修课
Bachelor of Arts optional course
法学学士 Bachelor of Laws 在职培训 oivthe-job training
工学学士 Bachelor of Engineering 学习型社会 a learning society
经济学学士 Bachelor of Economics •
R 生(社会生活)类
强迫购物 按揭贷款
forced shopping mortgage loan
高龄津贴 按揭购房
old age allowance to buy a house on mortgage;
高速铁路
high-speed rail to mortgage a house
地质灾害 geological disasters 交通拥堵费 congestion fee
大规模疏散 社会保障体系
mass evacuation social welfare system
紧急救援指挥部 通胀恐慌
the emergency rescue head- inflation fears
入户摸底调查
quarters doortodoor household survey
死亡人数 death toll 常住户口 permanent residency
食品添加剂 暂住证
food additives temporary residence permit
公务员考试
civil service e xam
碳减排 carbon emission reduction 高能耗产业 energy-intensive industries
温室气体排放 尾气排放置
greenhouse gas emission vehicle emission
零排放车辆 发动机排量
zero-emission vehicle engine displacement
新能源汽车 green car 小排量汽车 small-displacement cars
无车曰 car free day 环保交通工具 green transportation
无机动车区域 traffic-free zones 环保产品 green product
低碳城市化道路
low-carbon urbanization way
网络科技类
网上购物 online shopping 网络名人 w e b celebrities
电子商务 e-business 网络轰动 Internet sensation
电子银行 e-bank 网络流行语 Internet catchwords
第三方支付平台 网络恶作剧
third-party payment platform w e b hoax
网上商城 online shop/shopping mall 网络反腐 network anti-corruption
电子转账 信息安全
electronic funds transfer information security
秒杀 seckill 人肉搜索 cyber manhunt
智能手机
smartphone
文化娱乐类〕
游乐园 音像制品
amusement park audiovisual product
个人演唱会 solo concert 星级饭店 star-rated hotel
试映 test screening 收视率 audience rating
选美大赛 beauty pageant 预约券 reservation ticket
环幕电影 制
circular-screen movie A A go Dutch
宽银幕电影 团体游客
wide-screen film group tourists
电影制片厂 movie studio 散客 individual tourists
免费景区电子门票
free sightseeing e-coupon
•407-体育类
最有价值球员 M V P (Most Valuable Player) 被罚下场 foul out
绝杀球 last-gasp goal 连胜/败 a winning/losing streak
淘汰赛 elimination game 菜鸟，新手 green hand
淘汰出局 d u m p out 擦边球 edge ball, touch ball
奖牌榜 medal tally 操纵比赛 match-fixing/game-rigging
首发阵容 starting lineup 假球 soccer fraud
卫冕冠军 defending champion 黑哨 black whistle
揭幕战 opening game 足球流氓 football hooligan
乌龙球 o w n goal 帽子戏法 hat-trick
出场费 appearance fee
408 •单词自测表与索引
□ acquisition 8 □ agent 168 □ ambiguous 137 □ apart 188
A
□ abandon 4 • □ acre 392 □ aggressive 137 □ ambition 137 □ aperture 394
□ abbey 399 □ acrobat 383 □ agony 225 □ ambulance 188 □ apology 218
□ abdomen 400 □ acronym 378 □ agreeable 312 □ amenable 381 □ apostrophe 379
□ acting 386 □ aid 36 □ amend 173 □ appall 286
□ ability 109
□ abnormal 39 □ action 34 □ airliostess 382 □ amid 351 □ apparatus 125
□ aboard 258 □ activate 79 □ airliner 382 □ amiss 379 □ apparent 142
□ abolish 354 □ acupuncture 397 □ airtight 383 □ ammeter 392 □ appeal 210
□ aboriginal 398 □ acute 167 □ aisle 389 □ ammonia 394 □ appearance 126
□ aborigine 398 □ adapt 59 □ alarm 127 □ ammunition 387 □ appetite 255
□ abound 21 □ addict 172 □ alas 383 □ amount 51 □ applaud 163
□ abri(丨ge 357 □ addition 217 □ aJ bum 128 □ ampere 392 □ appliance 20
□ abrupt 143 □ adequate 21 □ alcohol 173 □ ample 343 □ applicable 20
□ absence 24 □ adhere 167 □ ale 391 □ amplify 343 □ apply 19
□ absolute 33 □ acljacent 256 □ alert 127 □ amuse 298 □ appoint 234
□ absolve 356 □ ac^jiist 60 □ alga 391 □ analogy 285 □ appreciable 379
□ absorb 166 □ administer 262 □ algebra 392 □ analyse/-yze 97 □ appreciate 21
□ abstract 298 □ administration 262 □ alien 121 □ analysis 97 □ apprentice 401
□ absurd 73 □ admirable 8 □ alienate 121 □ anatomy 397 □ approach 8
□ abundant 20 □ admiral 386 □ allege 334 □ ancestor 67 □ appropriate 149
□ abuse 155 □ admission 142 □ allergy 32 □ anchor 257 □ approve 142
□ academic 209 □ admittedly 379 □ alleviate 243 □ ancient 67 □ approximate 33
□ accelerate 164 □ adolescent 262 □ alley 393 □ anecdote 379 □ apricot 390
□ accent 97 □ adopt 59 □ alliance 224 □ angle 336 □ apron 385
□ acceptance 76 □ adore 271 □ alligator 396 □ angular 392 □ apt 179
□ access 110 □ advanced 62 □ allocate 234 □ arrnals 377 □ aptitude 378
□ accessory 384 □ advantage 127 □ allot 234 □ annex 367 □ aquarium 391
□ accidental 33 □ adventurist 381 □ allowance 93 □ anniversary 260 □ aquatic 391
□ accommodate 123 □ adventurous 381 □ alloy 394 □ annoy 18 □ arbitrary 138
□ accompany 218 □ advertise 108 □ ally 224 □ annual 260 □ arc 392
□ accomplish 1 □ advisory 386 □ almighty 399 □ annul 364 □ arch 310
□ accord 31 □ advocate 168 □ almond 390 □ anode 376 □ archaeology 378
□ accordance 31 □ aerial 382 □ aloof 381 □ anonymous 286 □ archbishop 399
□ accordingly 31 □ aeronautics 382 □ alphabet 378 □ antagonism 393 □ architecture 203
□ accordion 393 □ aesthetics 378 □ alphabetic(al) 378 □ antagonist 393 □ arctic 375
□ account 75 □ affect 147 □ altar 399 □ antarctic 375 □ arena 389
□ accumulate 127 □ affection 172 □ alter 140 □ antecedent 379 □ argument 58
□ accurate 33 □ affiliate 241 □ alternate 140 □ antenna 396 □ arid 375
□ accuse 134 □ affirm 335 □ alternative 140 □ anthem 399 □ arise 180
□ accustom 197 □ affix 378 □ altitude 375 □ antibiotic 397 □ aristocracy 386
□ ace 393 □ affluent 379 □ alumin(i)um 394 □ antic 381 □ armament 388
□ achievement 7 □ afford 8 □ alumna 378 □ anticipate 154 □ armo(u)r 388
□ acid 391 □ aftereffect 22 □ alumnus 378 □ antique 302 □ armpit 400
□ acknowledge 75 □ aftermath 23 □ amateur 232 □ antiseptic 397 □ arouse 180
□ acquaint 108 □ afterward⑻ 89 □ amaze 299 □ antonym 378 □ arrange 126
□ acquaintance 108 □ agency 168 □ ambassador 386 □ anxiety 194 □ array 310
□ acquire 8 □ agenda 214 □ amber 398 □ anyhow 198 □ arrest 11
•409*□ arrogant 109 □ automate 342 □ barbarous 380 □ bilateral 174 □ border 128
□ arrow 387 □ autonomous 97 □ barber 401 □ bilingual 377 □ borderline 389
□ artery 382 □ auxiliary 353 □ bare 72 □ bin 403 □ bore 167
□ artificial 194 □ available 22 □ barge 382 □ binary 393 □ borough 381
□ artillery 387 □ avalanche 374 □ bark 340 □ bind 140 □ bosom 400
□ ascend 165 □ avenge 315 □ barley390 □ binoculars 393 □ bossy 381
□ ashore 375 □ avenue 111 □ bam 389 □ biochemistry 376 □ botany 395
□ ashtray 384 □ aviation 382 □ barometre/-ter 392 □ biography 377 □ bottleneck 382
□ aside 292 □ avoid 9 □ baron 386 □ biotechnology 376 □ bough 395
□ aspect 112 □ await 260 □ harrarks 388 □ birch 395 □ boulevard 381
□ asphalt 394 □ award 93 □ barrel 403 □ bishop 399 □ bounce 152
□ ass 396 □ aware 18 □ barren 72 □ bitterly 73 □ bound 169
□ assassinate 194 □ awe 268 □ barrier 230 □ blacken 388 □ boundary 293
□ assault 295 □ awful 227 □ basics 42 □ blacksmith 401 □ bouquet 395
□ assemble 126 □ awkward 171 □ basis 42 □ bladder 400 □ bourgeois 387
□ assembly 126 □ axiom 377 □ bass 393 □ blade 395 □ bourgeoisie 387
C assert 313 □ axis 392 □ bastard 399 □ bland 391 □ bow 227
□ assess 110 □ axle 382 □ batch 309 □ blank 92 □ bowels 400
□ asset 111 B □ batter 341 □ blast 231 □ boycott 313
□ assign 96 □ baby-sit 401 □ battery 341 □ blaze 307 □ bra 385
□ assist 36 D bachelor 401 □ bay 375 □ bleach 390 □ bracelet 384
□ associate 16 □ backbone 400 □ beacon 389 □ bleak 311 □ bracket 203
□ association 16 □ background 185 □ bead 384 □ bleat 383 □ brag 379
□ assume 169 □ backward(s) 108 □ beak 396 □ bleed 187 □ brake 127
□ assure 2 □ backyard 389 □ beaker 403 □ blend 187 □ brand 181
□ astonish 286 □ bacteria 397 □ beam 307 □ bless 25 □ brass 393
□ astound 286 □ badge 386 □ beet 391 □ blink 306 □ bravery 163
□ astronomy 283 □ badminton 393 □ beetle 396 □ blister 397 □ breach 157
D atlas 378 □ baggy 385 □ beforehand 62 □ blockade 314 □ breadth 393
□ atmosphere 209 □ bail 356 □ behalf 75 □ blond 398 □ breakthrough 7
□ atom 376 □ bait 294 □ behave 171 □ blonde 398 □ breast 400
□ attach 228 □ bakeiy 390 □ belief 267 □ bloom 266 □ breathtaking 380
□ attache 386 □ balance 281 □ bellow 383 □ blossom 266 □ breed 297
□ attain 7 □ balcony 389 □ belly 400 □ blot 390 □ breeze 375
□ attendance 36 □ bald 353 □ belongings 384 □ blueprint 378 □ brew 315
□ attendant 36 □ bale 395 □ beloved 383 □ bluff 362 □ bribe 258
□ attentive 380 □ ballot 261 □ beneath 153 □ blunt 288 □ bride 383
□ attic 389 □ ban 258 □ beneficial 22 □ blush 157 □ bridegroom 383
□ attorney 386 □ band 254 □ benefit 21 □ boast 252 □ brief 203
□ attraction 271 □ bandage 366 □ berry 390 □ bodyguard 402 □ briefcase 385
□ attribute 167 □ bandit 401 □ berth 382 □ bold 284 □ brigade 387
□ auction 333 □ bang 340 □ besiege 316 □ bolt 374 □ brilliant 186
□ audience 46 □ banister 389 □ bestow 339 □ bond 327 □ brim 366
□ audio 376 □ banking 384 □ bet 134 □ bondage 388 □ brink 306
□ audiovisuals 376 □ bankrupt 187 □ betray 265 □ bonus 3 □ brisk 342
□ audit 364 □ banner 322 □ beverage 391 □ bony 398 □ bristle 400
□ auditorium 386 □ banquet 374 □ beware 78 □ bookish 381 □ brochure 378
□ aural 376 □ baptism 399 □ bewilder 2 □ booklet 378 □ bronze 188
□ authentic 249 □ baptize 399 □ bias 201 □ bookstall 389 □ brooch 385
□ authority 155 □ bar 188 □ bibliography 377 □ boom 123 □ brood 308
□ authorize/-ise 155 □ barbarian 380 □ bid 20 □ boost 123 □ brook 376
□ autobiography 377 □ barbaric 380 □ bikini 385 □ booth 389 □ brow 400
•410.□ browse 308 □ calibre/-ber 387 □ celebrity 81 □ choke 323 □ clip 337
□ bruise 23 □ calligraphy 377 □ celery 391 □ chop 186 □ cloak 385
□ brunch 390 □ campaign 169 □ cellar 389 □ chopsticks 403 □ clockwise 374
□ brutal 230 □ canary 396 □ cello 393 □ chord 393 □ closet 402
□ brute 380 □ cancel 170 □ cellular 394 □ chore 275 □ closure 374
□ bubble 225 □ candidate 216 □ celluloid 376 □ chorus 323 □ clout 402
□ buck 368 □ cane 395 □ Celsius 392 □ Christianity 399 □ clown 383
□ buckle 403 □ canine 396 □ cement 394 □ chronic 214 □ clue 157
□ bud 395 □ cannery 390 □ cemetery 400 □ chronicle 364 □ clumsy 203
□ Buddha 399 □ cannon 387 □ census 83 □ chrysanthemum 395 □ cluster 309
□ budget 4 □ Cantonese 398 □ centigrade 392 □ chuckle 383 □ clutch 340
□ buffalo 396 □ canvas 385 □ ceramic 394 □ chunk 394 □ coach 113
□ buffet 367 □ canyon 375 □ cereal 267 □ churchyard 399 □ coalition 273
□ bug 368 □ capable 109 □ ceremony 188 □ cider 391 □ coarse 38
□ bugle 388 □ capacity 109 □ certainty 195 □ circuit 66 □ cobbler 401
□ bulb 402 □ capitalize 45 □ certificate 154 □ circular 66 □ cobweb 397
□ bulldozer 376 □ capsule 397 □ challenge 235 □ circulate 66 □ cockroach 397
□ bullet 387 □ caption 376 □ chamber 389 □ circumference 392 □ cocktail 391
□ bulletin 386 □ captive 258 □ champagne 391 □ circumstance 89 □ cod 391
□ bullish 384 □ capture 200 □ champion 235 □ circus 383 □ code 386
□ bully 314 □ caravan 382 □ chancellor 386 □ cite 203 □ coffin 400
□ bump 152 □ carcass/carcase 400 □ chaos 245 □ civic 381 □ coil 314
□ bun 390 □ cardboard 403 □ chap 398 □ civil 59 □ coinage 384
□ bunch 254 □ cardigan 385 □ chapel 399 □ civilian 59 □ coincide 151
□ bundle 254 □ cardinal 43 □ characteristic 196 □ ci\ilize/-ise 59 □ collaborate 150
□ bungalow 389 □ career 197 □ characterize/-ise 196 □ claim 74 □ collapse 259
□ buoy 362 □ carefree 380 □ charcoal 394 □ clam 391 □ collection 150
□ burden 289 □ caretaker 401 □ chargeable 386 □ damo(u)r 381 □ collective 151
□ bureau 240 □ cargo 258 □ chariot 382 □ damp 322 □ collegiate 378
□ bureaucracy 240 □ carnival 374 □ charity 272 □ clan 398 □ collide 150
□ burglar 34 □ carol 399 □ charm 300 □ clang 383 □ colloquial 377
□ burial 400 □ carton 403 □ chart 262 □ clap 163 □ colon 379
□ bushel 392 □ carve 187 □ charter 334 □ clarify 10 □ colonel 386
□ bushy 400 □ cash 181 □ chartered 382 □ clash 235 □ colony 287
□ bust 368 □ casino 388 □ chase 257 □ clasp 340 □ column 278
□ butler 401 □ cask 403 □ chasm 375 □ classic 294 □ coma 383
□ butt 379 □ cassette 402 □ chatter 328 □ classical 294 □ comb 38
□ buzz 129 □ cast 348 □ chauffeur 401 □ classify 294 □ combat 11
□ byte 392 □ casual 213 □ cheat 265 □ claw 396 □ combine 151
c
□ casualty 230 □ checklist 384 □ clay 394 □ combustion 394
□ cab 401 □ catalog(ue) 269 □ checkout 384 □ clearance 386 □ comedian 383
□ cabin 258 □ cataract 376 □ checkpoint 387 □ c丨earway 381 □ comet 375
□ cabinet 24 □ catastrophe 135 □ cheerful 188 □ clench 400 □ comic 383
□ cable 311 □ category 11 □ chef 390 □ clergy 399 □ comma 379
□ cactus 395 □ cater 60 □ cherish 195 □ clergyman 399 □ command 234
□ cadet 401 □ caterpillar 396 □ cherry 395 □ cUche 379 □ commemorate 260
□ cadre 401 □ cathedral 399 □ chestnut 395 □ dick 341 □ commence 324
□ calcium 393 □ Catholic 399 □ chew 255 □ client 58 □ commend 325
□ calculate 16 □ cauliflower 390 □ childish 381 □ cliff 375 □ comment 49
□ calculus 392 □ caution 148 □ chill 98 □ climax 112 □ commerce 240
□ calendar 226 □ cavalry 387 □ chilli 391 □ cling 165 □ commission 124
□ calf 396 □ cease 9 □ choir 399 □ clinical 397 □ commit 124
•411 •□ commitment 124 □ conc lude 273 □ constant 283 □ corpse 400 □ cricket 397
□ commodity 181 □ conclusion 273 □ constellation 375 □ correspond 225 □ crime 193
□ commonplace 328 □ concrete 125 □ constituency 386 □ corridor 389 □ crimson 398
□ commonwealth 387 □ concubine 398 □ constitute 80 □ corrode 156 □ cripple 296
□ commune 351 □ condemn 30 □ constitution 261 □ corrupt 156 □ crisis 78
□ communicate 16:3 □ condense 122 □ construct 284 □ cosmetic 384 □ crisp 140
□ community 168 □ condolence 400 □ consul 386 □ cosmic 375 □ criterion 21
□ commute 293 □ conducive 21 □ consulate 38(5 □ cosmopolitan 387 □ critical 100
□ compact 302 □ conduct 269 □ consult 118 □ cosmos 375 □ criticizeAise 109
□ companionship 374 □ cone 392 □ consume 141 □ costly 82 □ crocodile 390
□ comparable 16 □ conference 45 □ contact 110 □ costume 82 □ crosscheck 386
□ comparative 16 □ confess 75 □ contagious 32 □ cosy/cozy 143 □ crossword 393
□ comparison 16 □ confidence 2 □ contaminate 229 □ cot 402 □ crouch 400
□ compartment 297 □ confidential 2 □ contemporary 246 □ couch 402 □ crow 396
□ compass 316 □ confine 3 □ contempt 282 □ council 174 □ crown 366
□ compassion 381 □ confimi 75 □ contention 379 □ council(l)or 386 □ crucial 141
□ compel 247 □ confiscate 326 □ contest 230 □ counsel 173 □ crude 29
□ compensate 93 □ conflict 45 □ context 112 □ count 212 □ cruelty 230
□ compete 45 □ conform 60 □ continual 9 □ counter 44 □ cruise 202
□ competent 196 □ confront 45 □ continuous 9 □ counterattack 388 □ crumb 390
□ competitive 45 □ confuse 138 □ contract 170 □ counterbalance 227 □ crumble 354
□ compile 95 □ congestion 381 □ contradict 44 □ counterdrug 397 □ crusade 387
□ complacency 381 □ congratulate 111 □ contrary 182 □ counterpart 227 □ crush 152
□ complacent 381 □ congregate 328 □ conlraNl 182 □ countess 38G □ crust 390
□ complain 171 □ congress 261 □ contribute 167 □ coupon 384 □ crutch 403
□ complement 217 □ congmenceAency 379 □ controversy 57 □ courageous 380 □ crystal 384
□ complex 138 □ congruent 379 □ convenience 21 □ cornier 401 □ cucumber 391
□ complicate 138 □ conical 392 □ convention 162 □ courtesy 283 □ cue 335
□ complicity 388 □ conifer 395 □ converse 107 □ coward 297 □ cuff 385
□ compliment 343 □ roi\junction 301 □ convert 107 □ crab 365 □ cuisine 390
□ comply 235 □ connec*tion/-exion 151 □ convex 393 □ crack 340 □ cultivate 58
□ component 64 □ conquer 247 □ convey 106 □ cradle 211 □ cunning 381
□ compose 95 □ conscience 319 □ convict 135 □ craft 203 □ curb 199
□ compound 217 □ conscientious 319 □ conviction 135 □ crag 375 □ curiosity 275
□ comprehend 50 □ conscious 18 □ convince 35 □ crane 395 □ curl 314
□ comprehensive 50 □ consecutive 353 □ cookery 390 □ crash 152 □ currency 180
□ compress 122 □ consensus 232 □ cooperate 217 □ crate 403 □ current 139
□ comprise 80 □ consent 142 □ coordinate 335 □ crawl 165 □ curriculum 81
□ compromise 170 □ consequence 23 □ cop 401 □ crayon 394 □ curry 391
□ compulsoiy 81 □ consetiuentiy 23 □ cope 96 □ craze 398 □ curse 90
□ compute 342 □ conservative 141 □ copper 394 □ creamy 391 □ cursor 376
□ conct'al 153 □ conserve 141 □ copyright 377 □ create 31 □ curve 314
□ conceit 381 □ considerable 18 □ coral 391 □ creative 31 □ cushion 383
□ conceited 381 ]considerate 18 □ cord 403 □ credible 139 □ custody 11
□ conceive 153 □ consideration 18 □ cordial 381 □ creditor 399 □ customaiy 379
□ concentrate 51 □ considering 18 □ corduroy 385 □ credulous 380 □ cycle 157
□ concept 15：i □ consist 80 □ core 350 □ creed 399 □ cyclone 374
□ conception 153 □ consistent 28 □ cork 403 □ creek 376 □ cylinder 392
□ concern 35 □ consolidate 313 □ cornea 400 □ creep 246 □ cynical 381
□ concerning 35 □ consonant. 378 □ cornerstone 374 □ crest 396 □ C’zar 398
□ concession 299 □ conspicuous 48 □ corporal 400 □ crew 82 I)
□ concise 183 □ constable 401 □ corporate 279 □ crib 388 □ dagger 387
•412.□ dairy 391 □ delinquent 388 □ detain 260 □ disclose 4 □ division 17
□ daring 380 □ delivery 170 □ detect 112 □ discontent 38 □ divorce 68
□ dart 366 □ delta 376 □ detective 112 □ discord 322 □ dizzy 383
□ dash 342 □ delusion 383 □ detention 386 □ discount 326 □ dock 364
□ database 96 □ demanding 35 □ deter 356 □ discourage 1 □ dockyard 382
□ daybreak 374 □ demerit 379 □ detergent 390 □ discourse 377 □ doctrine 334
□ daydream 383 □ democracy 241 □ deteriorate 97 □ discrepancy 379 □ document 199
□ daze 362 □ demolish 356 □ determination 35 □ discretion 371 □ dodge 367
□ (iazzk* 307 □ demonstrate 256 □ detriment 354 □ discriminate 17 □ dogged 381
□ deadline 162 □ demonstrative 257 □ device 31 □ disdain 283 □ dolphin 396
□ deadweight 392 □ den 396 □ devil 399 □ disgrace 49 □ domain 88
□ dealer 401 □ denomination 399 □ devilish 399 □ disguise 316 □ dome 389
□ dealing 384 □ denominator 392 □ devise 30 □ disgust 89 □ domestic 268
□ dean 401 □ denote 335 □ devour 338 □ disinfect 32 □ dominant 80
□ deathly 40() □ denounce 320 □ dew 375 □ dismal 380 □ dominate 80
□ debate 57 □ dense 282 □ dewdrop 375 □ dismay 142 □ dominion 386
□ debt 262 □ dental 255 □ diagnose 97 □ dismiss 5 □ domino 393
□ debut 383 □ denture 385 □ dialect 377 □ disobey 141 □ don 401
□ decade 200 □ deny 14 □ diameter 392 □ disorder 38 □ donate 225
□ decay 242 □ depart 104 □ dictate 322 □ dispatch/despatch 287 □ donut 390
□ deceased 400 □ dependanty-ent 399 □ diction 377 □ dispel 6 □ doom 275
□ deceive 156 □ dependent 35 □ diesel 382 □ dispensary 397 □ dose 347
□ decent 8 □ depict 271 □ dietary 390 □ dispense 397 □ dot 366
□ decibel 392 □ deploy 321 □ differ 141 □ disperse 6 □ dough 390
□ decimal 392 □ deport 293 □ differential 379 □ displace 285 □ dove 396
□ decisive 34 □ deposit 202 □ diffuse 325 □ display 169 □ downcast 380
□ deck 382 □ deposition 386 □ digest 255 □ disposal 184 □ downfall 375
□ declaration 75 □ depot 389 □ digit 376 □ dispose 184 □ downpour 375
□ decline 95 □ depreciation 384 □ digital 376 □ disposition 330 □ downward 374
□ decode 321 □ depress 183 □ dignity 195 □ dispute 274 □ doze 143
□ decorate 88 □ depression 183 □ dike/dyke 390 □ disregard 38 □ draft/draught 315
□ decrease 15 □ deprive 183 □ dilemma 106 □ disrupt 1 □ drag 336
□ decree 232 □ deputy 128 □ diligent 319 □ dissect 397 □ dragonfly 397
□ dedicate 53 □ derelict 399 □ dilute 324 □ dissent 379 □ drain 63
□ deduce 268 □ derive 103 □ dim 137 □ dissertation 378 □ dramatic 188
□ deduct 268 □ descend 103 □ dime 392 □ dissident 379 □ drastic 225
□ default 327 □ descent 103 □ dimension 229 □ dissolve 325 □ drawback 180
□ defect 30 □ deserve 164 □ diminish 15 □ distaste 142 □ dread 219
□ defendant 35 □ designate 234 □ dine 227 □ distil⑴ 325 □ dreary 380
□ defensive 35 □ desirable 76 □ diploma 154 □ distinct 17 □ dresser 401
□ deficiency 197 □ desktop 376 □ diplomatic 144 □ distinction 16 □ dressing 385
□ deficit 181 □ desolate 354 □ directory 378 □ distinctive 17 □ drift 324
□ define 67 □ despair 178 □ disable 109 □ distinguish 17 □ drip 63
□ definite 182 □ desperate 178 □ disadvantage 127 □ distort 108 □ drizzle 324
□ deflect 374 □ despise 282 □ disappear 127 □ distract 243 □ droop 380
□ defy 245 □ despite 184 □ disarm 321 □ distress 287 □ drought 374
□ delegate 10 □ despot 387 □ disastrous 374 □ distribute 249 □ drowsy 383
□ delete 302 □ destination 275 □ discard 267 □ disturb 166 □ drumstick 403
□ deliberate 149 □ destiny 275 □ discern 327 □ ditch 390 □ drunkard 399
□ delicate 182 □ destruction 184 □ discharge 5 □ diverse 185 □ dry-clean 402
□ delicatessen 390 □ detach 228 □ disciple 399 □ diversion 266 □ dryer/drier 402
□ delinquency 388 □ detail 48 □ discipline 256 □ divert 266 □ dual 393
•413.□ dubious 284 □ eggplant 391 □ ending 273 □ escort 295 □ expedition 228
□ dudiess 386 □ ego 380 □ endow 158 □ Esperanto 377 □ expel 5
□ duckling 396 □ elaborate 271 □ endure 179 □ essay 95 □ expend 126
□ duel 388 □ elapse 339 □ energetic 186 □ essence 266 □ expertise 209
□ duke 386 □ elastic 313 □ enforce 155 □ essential 8 □ expire 162
□ duly 374 □ elbow 338 □ engage 34 □ establish 148 □ explode 152
□ dumb 379 □ elect 216 □ engineering 378 □ estate 202 □ exploit 57
□ dummy 394 □ electrician 401 □ engrave 362 □ esteem 282 □ explore 186
□ dump 267 □ electromagnet 394 □ engulf 375 □ estimate 110 □ expose 4
□ duplicate 270 □ electron 394 □ enhance 164 □ estuary 376 □ exposition 383
□ durable 383 □ elegant 76 □ enlarge 4 □ etal 398 □ expressive 381
□ duration 244 □ element 42 □ enlighten 224 □ etcetera 398 □ expressly 379
□ dusk 374 □ elementary 42 □ enlist 366 □ eternal 15 □ expressway 382
□ duster 402 □ elevate 164 □ enormous 255 □ ether 397 □ exquisite 302
□ dustpan 402 □ elevator 376 □ enrich 186 □ ethnic 219 □ extend 50
□ Dutch 398 □ eliminate 183 □ enrol ⑴ 185 □ evaluate 243 □ extensive 50
□ duty-free 384 □ ellipse 392 □ ensue 261 □ evaporate 133 □ extent 50
□ dwarf 285 □ elliptical 392 □ ensure 108 □ eventual 33 □ exterior 113
□ dwell 37 □ elm 395 □ entail 1 □ evergreen 395 □ external 282
□ dwindle 15 □ eloquent 22 □ enterprise 216 □ everlasting 379 □ extinct 128
□ dye 342 □ emancipate 280 □ entertain 74 □ evidence 199 □ extinguish 149
□ dynamic 186 □ embargo 364 □ enthusiastic 138 □ evident 94 □ extract 95
□ dynamite 366 □ embark 292 □ entitle 185 □ evil 268 □ extracurricular 81
□ dynamo 376 □ embarrass 157 □ entity 128 □ evoke 241 □ extraordinary 66
□ dynasty 386 □ embassy 386 □ entrepot 389 □ evolve 185 □ extravagant 123
E □ embrace 281 □ entrepreneur 216 □ exaggerate 253 □ extreme 73
□ eardmm 400 □ embroider 385 □ entry 67 □ exceed 52 □ eyebrow 4()0
□ earnest 306 □ embroidery 385 □ environment 208 □ exceedingly 52 □ eyelash 400
□ earnings 384 □ embryo 400 □ envisage 353 □ excel 48 □ eyelid 4⑻
□ earphone 402 □ emerald 384 □ envoy 386 □ exception 111 □ eye-opener 400
□ earplug 402 □ emerge 226 □ envy 226 □ excerpt 95 F
□ earring 384 □ emergency 62 □ enzyme 390 □ excess 52 □ fable 377
□ earthly 399 □ emigrate 200 □ epic 377 □ exchange 106 □ fabric 385
□ ease 213 □ eminent 48 □ epidemic 32 □ excitement 78 □ fabricate 154
□ emit 135 □ episode 270 □ exclaim 74
□ easygoing 227 □ fabulous 311
□ ebb 339 □ emotion 22 □ epoch 351 □ exclude 14 □ facilitate 187
□ eccentric 398 □ emphasis 22 □ equality 193 □ exclusion 50 □ facility 187
□ echo 350 □ emphasize/-ise 22 □ equation 193 □ exclusive 50 □ facsimile 378
□ eclipse 339 □ emphatic 22 □ equator 375 □ excursion 228 □ factor 120
□ empire 386 □ equip 60 □ execute 215
□ ecology 39 □ factual 379
□ economical 78 □ empirical 379 □ equivalent 193 □ executive 215 □ faculty 158
□ economy 79 □ empress 386 □ era 374 □ exempt 334 □ fade 134
□ enable 266 □ eradicate 51 □ exert 295
□ ecosystem 376 □ Fahrenheit 392
□ enact 334 □ erase 143 □ exhale 338
□ edible 390 □ fairness 398
□ enamel 394 □ erect 343 □ exhaust 57
□ edit 19 □ fairy 399
□ enchant 323 □ erode 243 □ exhibit 169
□ edition 19 □ fairyland 399
□ encircle 98 □ err 388 □ exile 293
□ editorial 19 □ faithful 196
□ enclose 97 □ errand 402 □ existence 195
□ educate 81 □ fake 194
□ encounter 158 □ error 121 □ exotic 121
□ eel 391 □ falsehood 379
□ encouragement 164 □ empt 259 □ expand 3
□ effective 22 □ falter 105
□ efficient 32 □ encydop(a)e(iia 378 □ escalator 376 □ expansion 3 □ fame 82
□ endeavo(u)r 210 □ escapee 388 □ expectation 297
□ effusive 380 □ familiarity 228
•414.□ famine 374 □ firearm 387 □ fodder 395 □ franc 384 □ gasp 129
□ fanatic(al) 387 □ firecracker 387 □ foe 387 □ frank 288 □ gateway 374
□ fancy 300 □ fire-drill 401 □ foil 368 □ fraternity 401 □ gathering 391
□ fantasy 300 □ fire-engine 382 □ foliage 395 □ fraud 326 □ gauze 385
□ fare 93 □ firefighter 401 □ folk 247 □ freebie 384 □ gaze 274
□ farewell 352 □ fireplace 402 □ folly 398 □ freight 382 □ gear 225
□ far-off 374 □ fireproof 383 □ foodstuff 390 □ frequency 187 □ gem 384
□ far-reaching 376 □ fireside 402 □ footbridge 382 □ freshnuui 378 □ gender 96
□ fascinate 300 □ firewood 402 □ footnote 379 □ freshwater 391 □ gene 239
□ fascism 387 □ firework 402 □ footprint 400 □ friction 316 □ generaliseAize 66
□ fascist 387 □ firstborn 398 □ footstep 400 □ fright 297 □ generator 376
□ fashion 139 □ fishing-rod 403 □ foot wear 383 □ fringe 128 □ generous 20
□ fastening 402 □ fission 376 □ forbid 14 □ fro 374 □ genetic 239
□ fatal 140 □ fitness 397 □ ford 375 □ frontier 256 □ genius 239
□ fate 400 □ fl(a)utist 393 □ fore 374 □ frost 374 □ genocide 387
□ fathom 392 □ flagship 387 □ foreann 400 □ frosting 390 □ genre 377
□ fatigue 78 □ flagstaff 387 □ forecast 231 □ frown 302 □ genuine 194
□ faulty 203 □ flake 365 □ forefather 398 □ frugal 80 □ geographic(al) 378
□ favo(u)rable 6 □ flame 242 □ foregoing 374 □ frustrate 1 □ geometry 392
□ feasible 22 □ flannel 385 □ forehead 400 □ fulfil(l) 154 □ geopolitics 378
□ feast 10 □ flap 257 □ foreman 401 □ fume 307 □ genu 397
□ feat 376 □ flare 242 □ foremost 282 □ function 267 □ gerund 378
□ feature 196 □ flash 307 □ forename 398 □ fund 272 □ gesture 61
□ federal 198 □ flashlight 402 □ foresee 154 □ fundajuental 42 □ ghetto 219
□ fee 8 □ flask 403 □ forestry 378 □ funeral 248 □ ghost 400
□ feeble 139 □ flatter 326 □ foretell 378 □ funfair 389 □ giant 256
□ feedback 274 □ flaw 30 □ foreword 378 □ fungus 397 □ gifted 381
□ feeler 396 □ flea 397 □ forge 274 □ funnel 402 □ gigantic 256
□ fell 395 □ flee 258 □ formal 283 □ furnace 403 □ giggle 383
□ feminine 282 □ fleece 396 □ format 354 □ furnish 233 □ gild 307
□ ferment 357 □ fleet 387 □ formation 105 □ furthermore 233 □ gin 391
□ fern 395 0 flesh 350 □ formidable 343 □ fury 172 □ ginger 391
□ ferocious 380 □ flexible 270 □ formula 392 □ fuse 337 □ gipsy/gypsy 398
□ ferry 262 □ flick 402 □ fort 388 □ fuss 349 □ gist 378
□ fertile 64 □ fling 342 □ forth 374 □ futile 267 □ given 11
□ feudal 387 □ flint 403 □ forthcoming 351 G □ glacier 375
□ feudalism 387 □ flock 278 □ fortitude 380 □ gadget 376 □ glamo(u)r 381
□ fianc^ 383 □ flourish 266 □ fortress 388 □ gaily 380 □ glamo(u)rous 381
□ fiancee 383 □ flowchart 378 □ fomm 262 □ galaxy 375 □ gland 400
□ fiction 95 □ flu 397 □ fossil 394 □ gale 374 □ glare 47
□ fiddle 393 □ fluctuate 63 □ foster 113 □ gallery 389 □ gleam 47
□ fidelity 380 □ fluent 22 □ foul 312 □ gallon 392 □ glide 325
□ fierce 45 □ fluff 379 □ foundation 288 □ gallop 396 □ glimmer 47
□ fiery 381 □ fluid 394 □ fowl 396 □ gallows 388 □ glimpse 47
□ filament 385 □ fluorescent 402 □ foyer 389 □ gamble 260 □ glint 307
□ filter 325 □flush 157 □ fraction 258 □ gang 279 □ glisten 307
□ filth 390 □ flute 393 □ fragile 139 □ gap 227 □ glitter 47
□ filthy 390 □ flutter 257 □ fragment 95 □ garlic 391 □ gloomy 171
□ fin 391 □ flyover 382 □ fragrant 266 □ garrison 387 □ glory 260
□ finalist 393 □ flypast 382 □ frail 380 □ gaseous 394 □ gloss 385
□ finance 3 □ foam 384 □ frame 91 □ gash 387 □ glossy 385
□ fir 395 □ focus 166 □ framework 91 □ gasoline 394 □ glow 47
•415.□ glue 337 □ grip 255 □ harbo(u)r 257 □ herb 395 □ hoof 396
□ gnaw 341 □ grit 371 □ hardback 378 □ herd 278 □ hook 336
□ goddess 399 □ groan 238 □ hardness 394 □ hereabout(s) 389 □ hoop 403
□ gong 403 □ grocer 390 □ hardship 246 □ hereditary 386 □ hoover 402
□ goodness 380 □ grocery 390 □ hardware 394 □ heritage 174 □ hop 309
□ goodwill 380 □ groom 383 □ hardy 381 □ hermit 399 □ horizon 180
□ gorge 363 □ groove 394 □ hare 396 □ heroic 380 □ horn 338
□ gorgeous 121 □ grope 296 □ harmony 179 □ heroin 397 □ horror 297
□ gorilla 396 □ gross 326 □ harry 357 □ heroine 380 □ horsepower 392
□ gosh 383 □ groundwork 374 □ harsh 230 □ herring 391 □ horsewhip 403
□ gossip 129 □ growl 1341 □ haste 62 □ hesitate 105 □ hose 385
□ Gothic 377 □ grudge 89 □ hatch 308 □ hexagon 392 □ hospitality 197
□ goumiet 390 □ gnunble 328 □ hatred 90 □ hide-and-seek 393 □ hospitalize 387
□ govern 262 □ gmnt 328 □ haughty 381 □ hideous 388 □ host 335
□ governess 401 □ guarantee 182 □ haul 336 □ hi-fi 376 □ hostage 247
□ gown 385 □ guardian 402 □ haunt 309 □ highland 375 □ hostel 389
□ grab 255 □ guerrilla 387 □ hawk 368 □ highlight 148 □ hostile 197
□ grace 49 □ guidance 278 □ hay 395 □ high-rise 389 □ hound 396
□ gracious 49 □ guillotine 388 □ hazard 231 □ high-sounding 381 □ housebreaker 401
□ gradual 228 □ guilty 172 □ heading 378 □ high-spirited 381 □ household 169
□ graduate 81 □ gulf 375 □ headlamp 382 □ high-tech 376 □ hover 259
□ grain 390 □ gull 396 □ headlong 380 □ hyack 286 □ hovercraft 382
□ gramophone 402 □ gullible 380 □ headman 401 □ hike 253 □ howl 383
□ grand 300 □ gulp 338 □ headmistress 401 □ hind 374 □ hug 281
□ Grand Prix 393 □ gum 369 □ head-on 374 □ hinder 197 □ hull 382
□ grandstand 393 □ gunpowder 387 □ headquarters 387 □ hinge 355 □ hum 396
□ granite 394 □ gust 374 □ headroom 382 □ hint 157 □ humane 272
□ grant 93 □ gut 344 □ headset 402 □ hinterland 375 □ humanitarian 272
□ grapevine 395 □ gutter 394 □ headwind 374 □ hip 400 □ humanity 272
□ graph 378 □ guy 398 □ heal 232 □ hippie/hippy 377 □ humble 110
□ graphic 378 □ gymnastics 393 □ heap 333 □ hippo 396 □ humid 324
□ grasp 154 H □ heartbeat 381 □ histogram 392 □ humiliate 219
□ grasshopper 397 □ habitat 233 □ heartbreak 380 □ historic 7 □ humo(u)r 197
□ grassroots 398 □ habitual 197 □ heartbreaking 380 □ historical 7 □ hurl 341
□ grateful 350 □ hacker 376 □ heartfelt 381 □ hitch 357 □ hush 361
□ gratitude 351 □ hail 329 □ heartily 381 □ hitchhike 358 □ hustle 355
□ grave 51 □ hairdresser 401 □ hearty 381 □ hitherto 374 □ hut 389
□ gravity 51 □ hairpin 385 □ heath 375 □ hoarse 230 □ hydroelectric 402
□ graze 308 □ hairspray 385 □ heave 338 □ hobbyist 398 □ hydrogen 394
□ grease 308 □ hairy 400 □ heavyweight 393 □ hockey 393 □ hygiene 397
□ greed 327 □ halfway 374 □ hectare 392 □ hoe 403 □ hymn 399
□ greeruMy 395 □ halt 9 • □ hedge 314 □ hog 396 □ hyphen 379
□ greengrocer 390 □ halve 402 □ hedgehog 396 □ hoist 164 □ hypocrite 381
□ grenatie 387 □ hammer 129 □ hedgerow 402 □ holdup 388 □ hypocritical 380
□ greyliouiul 390 □ handcuff 368 □ heel 111 □ hollow 272 □ hypothesis 53
□ grief 172 □ heir 173 □ holy 25 □ hysterical 381
□ handicap 296
□ grill 357 □ hiuidicraft 378 □ helmet 382 □ homebound 389 I
□ grim 329 □ handle 198 □ helping 390 □ homecoming 389 □ iceberg 375
□ grimace 400 □ handout 384 □ hem 385 □ homely 389 □ ideal 197
□ grime 390 □ handshake 374 □ hemisphere 269 □ hono(u)rable 188 □ identical 150
□ grin 350 □ handy 21 □ hence 66 □ honorary 377 □ identify 150
□ grind 354 □ happening 379 □ herald 369 □ hood 385 □ identity 150
•416.□ ideological 387 □ indispensable 210 □ instance 217 □ invaluable 90 □ keynote 378
□ ideology 387 □ individual 163 □ instant 61 □ inventive 376 □ khaki 398
□ idiomatic 377 □ induce 315 □ instinct 202 □ inventory 384 □ kidnap 285
□ idiot 398 □ indulge 34 □ institute 25 □ invert 314 □ kidney 400
□ idle 109 □ industrialize/ □ institution 25 □ invest 125 □ kilobyte 392
□ idol 399 •ise 173 □ instruct 278 □ investigate 229 □ kindhearted 381
□ ignorance 199 □ industrious 381 □ instrumental 182 □ inviolable 386 □ kindle 312
□ illegible 312 □ inert 381 □ insulation 394 □ inviting 381 □ kiosk 389
□ illuminate 248 □ inertia 381 □ insulator 394 □ involve 36 □ kit 239
□ illusion 249 □ inevitable 121 □ insult 48 □ inward 295 □ kitten 396
□ illustrate 119 □ infant 245 □ insurance 108 □ irony 219 □ knapsack 385
□ image 280 □ infect 32 □ insure 108 □ irrigate 310 □ kneel 129
□ imaginary 30 □ infer 272 □ intact 334 □ irritate 19 □ knight 386
□ imaginative 30 □ inference 272 □ integral 196 □ Islam 399 □ knighthood 386
□ imitate 64 □ inferior 147 □ integrate 196 □ isle 376 □ knit 281
□ immense 120 □ infinite 14 □ integrity 196 □ isolate 82 □ knob 403
□ immigrate 199 □ Infinitive 378 □ intellect 209 □ issue 198 □ knot 369
□ imminent 379 □ inflation 233 □ intellectual 209 □ italic 378 □ knowledgeable 378
□ impact 210 □ inflict 187 □ intelligent 186 □ item 233 □ knuckle 400
□ impeach 273 □ influence 147 □ intend 76 □ ivory 398 □ Koran 399
□ imperative 141 □ influenza 397 □ intense 51 □ kowtow 381
□ imperiaJ 387 □ inform 106 □ intensify 51 □ jack 403 □ kung fu 393
□ imperialism 387 □ informant 399 □ intensive 51 □ jade 384 L
□ imperialist 387 □ ingenious 31 □ intent 299
□ janitor 401 □ label 61
□ impersonal 380 □ inhabit 233 □ intention 76
□ jaw 400 □ labyrinth 389
□ implement 285 □ inhale 338 □ interact 124 □ jealous 226 □ lace 301
□ implication 226 □ inherent 150 □ intercept 357
□ jelly 391 □ lad 398
□ imply 172 □ inherit 173 □ interchange 382 □ jerk 243 □ ladybird 396
□ impose 198 □ initial 43 □ intercom 402
□ Jew 398 □ lag 283
□ impractical 29 □ initiate 44 □ Lntercontinentiil 374
□ joint 129 □ lamb 396
□ impress 49 □ initiative 43 □ intercourse 374 □ jolly 380 □ lame 296
□ imprison 386 □ irgect 347 □ interfere 244
□ jot 271 □ landing 389
□ imprisonment 386 □ in-laws 383 □ interim 311
□ journal 278 □ landlady 401
□ impulse 316 □ inlet 375 □ interior 113 □ judg(e)ment 118 □ landlord 401
□ inaugurate 352 □ inner 64 □ intermediate 92
□ judicial 76 □ landmark 374
□ incentive 335 □ innkeeper 401 □ internal 139
□ jug 403 □ landscape 299
□ incidence 151 □ innocent 253 □ interpersonal 228
□ juicy 390 □ lane 111
□ incident 66 □ innovate 239 □ interpret 137 □ junction 152 □ lantern 384
□ incidentally 33 □ innumerable 392 □ interrupt 211
□ jungle 293 □ lap 369
□ incline 172 □ input 348 □ intersect 355
□ junk 157 □ laptop 376
□ inclusive 51 □ inquest 10 □ interval 355
□ Jupiter 375 □ largely 199
□ incorporate 279 □ inquire/enquiie 119 □ intervene 195
□ jury 261 □ lark 395
□ increasingly 286 □ inscribe 312 □ interview 17
□ justice 76 □ larva 396
□ incredible 139 □ insect 396 □ intestine 400 □ justify 76 □ laser 376
□ indebted 380 □ insecticide 396 □ intimate 110 K □ lash 342
□ independent 36 □ insert 302 □ intimidate 91
□ kaleidoscope 384 □ lass 398
□ index 269 □ insight 226 □ intonation 377 □ karat 392 □ latent 344
□ indicate 94 □ insistent 210 □ intricate 138 □ karate 393 □ latitude 375
□ indicative 94 □ inspect 218 □ introduction 80 □ keen 1(57 □ latter 92
□ indifferent 197 □ inspire 120 □ intrude 248 □ kerosene/-ine 394 □ launch 216
□ indignant 195 □ instal(l)ment 125 □ invade 248
□ ketchup 391 □ laundry 275
□ indignity 195 □ install 125 □ invalid 300
□ kettle 403 □ laureate 377
•417.□ lava 375 □ linguistic 377 □ magnify 88 □ mastery 388 □ milestone 374
□ lavatory 402 □ link 218 □ mahogany 395 □ mate 398 □ military 10
□ layer 394 □ lioness 396 □ maiden 398 □ materialism 387 □ militia 387
□ layman 311 □ lipstick 384 □ mainstream 377 □ maternal 245 □ milky 391
□ layout 267 □ literacy 149 □ maintain 178 □ mattress 383 □ mill 370
□ leaflet 378 □ literal 149 □ maize 390 □ mature 256 □ millennium 374
□ leak 62 □ literary 149 □ m^yesty 386 □ maximum 66 □ minefield 387
□ lean 219 □ litter 198 □ make-up 384 □ mayor 402 □ miner 401
□ leap 219 □ livelihood 384 □ malady 397 □ meadow 375 □ mingle 298
□ learned 377 □ liver 400 □ malaria 397 □ means 279 □ miniature 314
□ learning 377 □ livestock 396 □ malice 380 □ mechanic 113 □ minimum 65
□ lease 129 □ lizard 39(5 □ malicious 380 □ mechanical 113 □ ministry 262
□ leather 383 □ loaf 365 □ mall 384 □ mechanism 113 □ minor 65
□ leftovers 390 □ loan 180 □ maltreat 380 □ media 199 □ minority 65
□ legacy 365 □ lobby 334 □ mammal 396 □ medieval 374 □ mint 365
□ legal 155 □ lobster 391 □ mango 395 □ meditate 243 □ minus 375
□ legend 133 □ local 118 □ manhood 381 □ medium 93 □ miracle 270
□ legion 387 □ locate 118 □ manifest 217 □ melancholy 380 □ mirror 256
□ legislation 155 □ locker 402 □ manifold 379 □ melody 393 □ misapprehension 379
□ legitimate 155 □ locomotive 382 □ manipulate 124 □ melon 391 □ misbehavio(u)r 388
□ leisure 74 □ locust 397 □ manly 381 □ melt 285 □ mischief 288
□ lemonade 391 □ lodge \23 □ manpower 402 □ memo 377 □ miser 381
□ lens 385 □ lofty 380 □ mansion 389 □ memoir 377 □ miserable 344
□ leopard 396 □ log 292 □ manual 244 □ memorial 53 □ misfortune 28
□ lest 199 □ logical 268 □ manufacture 181 □ memoriseAize 53 □ mislead 172
□ lettuce 391 □ lonesome 381 □ manuscript 19 □ menace 91 □ missile 387
□ lever 336 □ longevity 397 □ maple 395 □ mentality 378 □ mission 301
□ levy 336 □ longing 381 □ margarine 391 □ merchandise 240 □ missionary 399
□ liable 203 □ longitude 375 □ margin 128 □ merchant 240 □ mist 375
□ liaison 379 □ loom 299 □ marine 284 □ mercury 375 □ mistress 398
□ liar 388 □ loop 393 □ marital 08 □ mercy 230 □ mixer 391
□ liberal 279 □ loosen 259 □ maritime 387 □ mere 72 □ mo(u)ld 348
□ liberate 279 □ lottery 384 □ marked 376 □ merge 297 □ moan 238
□ licenseAence 6 □ lounge 173 □ marker 401 □ mess 245 □ mob 388
□ lichen 395 □ loyal 195 □ marketing 384 □ messenger 401 □ mobile 79
□ lick 350 □ lubricate 308 □ marmalade 391 □ metallic 392 □ mock 65
□ lid 403 □ lumber 362 □ marrow 400 □ metaphor 67 □ mode 384
□ lieutenant 386 □ lump 188 □ Mars 375 □ metric 392 □ modem 376
□ lighthouse 389 □ lunar 349 □ marsh 375 □ metro 382 □ moderate 268
□ lightning 374 □ lunatic 398 □ marshal 366 □ metropolitan 209 □ modemise/-ize 377
□ likelihood 298 □ luncheon 390 □ martyr 388 □ microchip 376 □ modernism 377
□ likewise 73 □ lure 253 □ marvelous 53 □ microorganism 397 □ modest 109
□ limb 400 □ luster 386 □ Marxism 387 □ microphone 376 □ modify 60
□ lime 394 □ lute 393 □ masculine 282 □ microprocessor 376 □ moist 324
□ limestone 394 □ luxury 123 □ mask 247 □ middleman 401 □ mole 396
□ limitation 3 M □ mason 401 □ midst 93 □ molecule 376
□ limousine 382 □ machinery 376 □ Mass 399 □ midway 374 □ monarch 82
□ limp 296 □ mackintosh 383 □ massacre 245 □ midwife 401 □ monastery 399
□ linear 392 □ magic 351 □ massage 393 □ mighty 376 □ monetary 272
□ linen 385 □ magnesium 394 □ massive 76 □ migrate 199 □ monk 399
□ liner 382 □ magnet 394 □ mast 382 □ mild 280 □ monologue 377
□ linger 113 □ magnificent 89 □ masterpiece 377 □ mileage 392 □ monopoly 37
•418.□ peck 396 □ phoenix 395 □ pollute 229 □ presence 24 □ prophet 401
□ peculiar 77 □ phonetic 377 □ polo 393 □ presentation 24 □ proportion 16
□ pedal 353 □ photocopy 378 □ polytechnic 378 □ preserve 184 □ propose 20
□ peddle 353 □ photography 376 □ ponder 153 □ preside 80 □ proposition 256
□ pedestrian 398 □ physical 39 □ pony 396 □ pressure 1(58 □ proprietor 58
□ peel 157 □ physiological 397 □ pope 399 □ prestige 234 □ prose 377
□ peep 122 □ physiology 397 □ popularity 398 □ presumably 208 □ prosecute 253
□ peer 122 □ pickpocket 388 □ porcelain 394 □ pretence/-se 379 □ prospect 122
□ peg 370 □ pictorial 378 □ porch 389 □ pretext 295 □ prosperous 122
□ penalty 193 □ picturesque 376 □ pore 369 □ prevail 164 □ prostitute 388
□ pendent 379 □ pierce 355 □ pornography 376 □ previous 92 □ prostitution 388
□ pendulum 379 □ pilgrim 399 □ portable 402 □ prey 293 □ protection 37
□ penetrate 200 □ pillar 389 □ portion 67 □ priceless 90 □ protein 391
□ penguin 396 □ pillowcase 383 □ portray 270 □ prick 354 □ protest 44
□ peninsula 376 □ pious 381 □ pose 60 □ priest 399 □ Protestant 399
□ pension 273 □ pirate 258 □ positive 94 □ primary 43 □ proverb 377
□ pentagon 392 □ pistol 387 □ possess 208 □ prime 43 □ provided 199
□ peony 395 □ pit 394 □ postpone 170 □ primitive 186 □ provision 77
□ perceive 224 □ placid 380 □ potential 120 □ principal 43 □ provoke 275
□ percentage 16 □ plague 135 □ pottery 394 □ principle 43 □ prune 36-5
□ perch 309 □ planter 395 □ poultry 396 □ prior 62 □ psychiatry 397
□ perfection 163 □ plastic 229 □ poverty 109 □ priority 62 □ psychology 397
□ performance 46 □ plateau 375 □ powder 384 □ private 172 □ publish 150
□ perfume 266 □ platinum 394 □ practicable 350 □ privilege 185 □ puff 362
□ peril 299 □ plausible 342 □ practitioner 401 □ probe 215 □ pulp 391
□ periodical 280 □ playwright 377 □ prairie 375 □ procedure 181 □ pulse 242
□ permanent 180 □ plaza 389 □ pram 384 □ proceed 181 □ pump 341
□ permission 274 □ pledge 352 □ prawn 391 □ process 181 □ pumpkin 391
□ perpendicular 393 □ plenary 386 □ pray 185 □ procession 313 □ punch 286
□ perpetual 180 □ plentiful 20 □ preach 185 □ proclaim 74 □ punctual 286
□ perplex 138 □ plot 112 □ precaution 149 □ product 64 □ punctuation 379
□ persecute 353 □ pluck 362 □ precede 164 □ productive ()4 □ puncture 286
□ persevere 313 □ plug 203 □ precedent 1G4 □ profession 232 □ puppet 394
□ pereimmon 395 □ plum 390 □ precis 378 □ professional 232 □ puppy 396
□ persist 214 □ plumber 401 □ precise 183 □ proficient 48 □ purchase 125
□ persistent 214 □ plume 396 □ predecessor 164 □ profile 270 □ purify 89
□ personality 195 □ plump 400 □ predicate 378 □ profit 240 □ Puritan 399
□ pereonnel 262 □ plunder 368 □ predict 121 □ profound 209 □ purple 398
□ perspective 102 □ plunge 225 □ predominant 107 □ prohibit 9 □ pursue 33
□ persuasion 148 □ plural 218 □ preface 364 □ project 289 □ pursuit 34
□ pessimistic 149 □ pneumonia 397 □ preference 201 □ proletarian 387 □ puzzle 299
□ pest 396 □ pod 391 □ pregnant 106 □ prolong 322 Q
□ petal 395 □ poetess 377 □ prehistoric 374 □ prominent 47 □ quack 383
□ petition 261 □ poise 313 □ prejudice 201 □ promising 94 □ qualification 6
□ petty 310 □ poison 229 □ preliminary 107 □ promote 120 □ qualify 6
□ pharmacist 397 □ poke 355 □ prelude 312 □ prompt 61 □ qualitative 347
□ phanuacy 397 □ poker 403 □ premier 386 □ proof 134 □ quantify 347
□ phase 348 □ polar 259 □ premise 52 □ proofread 378 □ quarry 396
□ phenomenon 53 □ policy 265 □ preoccupation 378 □ prop 403 □ quart 392
□ philosopher 377 □ polish 307 □ preparation 77 □ propaganda 378 □ quarterly 378
□ philosophy 377 □ politburo 387 □ preposition 378 □ propel 301 □ quay 382
D phobia 397 □ poll 265 □ prescribe 119 □ property 111 □ queer 283
•420.□ query 10 □ realm 311 □ regarding 252 □ replace 125 □ revolutionary 185
□ quest 351 □ reap 310 □ regardless 184 □ represent 241 □ revolve 321
□ question(n)aire 377 □ rear 280 □ regency 386 □ representative 241 □ reward 93
□ quit 4 □ reasonable 208 □ regime 329 □ reproach 30 □ rhetoric 379
□ quiz 378 □ reasoning 379 □ regiment 387 □ reproduce 64 □ rhetorical 379
□ quota 384 □ rebel 320 □ region 184 □ reptile 396 □ rheumatism 397
□ quote 285 □ rebirth 377 □ register 119 □ republican 387 □ rhino 396
R □ rebuff 381 □ regulate 60 □ reputation 136 □ rhyme 377
□ racecourse 393 □ rebuke 30 □ regulation 60 □ requirement 77 □ rhythm 377
□ racial 244 □ recall 217 □ rehabilitate 371 □ resemble 126 □ rhythmic(al) 377
□ rack 334 □ recede 339 □ rehearsal 6 □ resent 19 □ rib 400
□ radar 393 □ receipt 81 □ rehouse 389 □ reservation 214 □ ribbon 288
□ radiaJ 393 □ reception 81 □ reign 82 □ reserve 214 □ rid 136
□ radiate 135 □ receptive 398 □ reinforce 120 □ reservoir 390 □ riddle 393
□ radical 73 □ recess 40 □ reject 14 □ reside 37 □ ridge 375
□ radioactive 135 □ recession 183 □ rejoice 351 □ resident 37 □ ridiculous 73
□ radiochemical 393 □ recipe 255 □ relate 148 □ residual 387 □ rifle 387
□ radium 393 □ reciprocal 288 □ relationship 148 □ resign 4 □ rifleman 387
□ radius 392 □ recite 324 □ relativity 379 □ resist 2 □ rigid 267
□ rag 289 □ reckless 243 □ relax 183 □ resistant 2 □ rim 393
□ rage 136 □ reckon 154 □ relay 351 □ resolution 119 □ riot 320
□ raid 320 □ reclaim 74 □ release 5 □ resolve 119 □ rip 385
□ raindrop 375 □ recognize/-ise 108 □ relevant 28 □ resonance 377 □ ripple 363
□ rainproof 383 □ recollect 339 □ reliable 36 □ resort 108 □ risk 194
□ raisin 390 □ recommend 124 □ relic 399 □ resource 180 □ rite 399
□ rally 327 □ reconcile 147 □ relieve 6 □ respectable 8 □ ritual 352
□ ram 396 □ reconnaissance 388 □ religion 185 □ respective 171 □ rival 235
□ ramp 389 □ recovery 7 □ reluctant 208 □ respiration 395 □ roam 393
□ ranch 375 □ recreation 74 □ rely 36 □ respond 215 □ roar 341
□ random 213 □ recruit 185 □ remainder 390 □ response 215 □ roast 308
□ range 87 □ rectangle 392 □ remains 254 □ responsible 171 □ rob 135
□ rank 87 □ rectangular 392 □ remark 48 □ restless 102 □ robe 385
□ ransom 286 □ recurrence 379 □ remarkable 58 □ restore 7 □ robin 396
□ rape 388 □ recycle 157 □ remedy 296 □ restrain 2 □ rocket 298
□ rare 65 □ reddish 398 □ reminiscence 379 □ restrict 3 □ rocky 381
□ rascal 388 □ redeem 356 □ remote 82 □ resume 292 □ rod 403
□ rash 380 □ redevelopment 389 □ removable 379 □ retail 37 □ roller 402
□ raspberry 390 □ red-hot 375 □ removal 379 □ retain 153 □ rolling-pin 403
□ rate 15 □ reduction 95 □ renaissance 377 □ retina 400 □ romanticism 377
□ rating 15 □ reed 395 □ render 143 □ retort 135 □ rooster 396
□ ratio 15 □ reef 376 □ renew 6 □ retreat 322 □ rosy 398
□ ration 367 □ reel 308 □ renounce 322 □ revaluation 384 □ rot 243
□ rational 268 □ reference 90 □ renovate 7 □ reveal 94 □ rotate 321
□ rattlesnake 396 □ refine 112 □ renowned 82 □ revenge 315 □ roughly 33
□ ravage 320 □ reflect 64 □ rent 129 □ revenue 198 □ roundabout 382
□ raven 396 □ reflex 383 □ rep 402 □ reverse 245 □ route 37
□ raw 30 □ reform 44 □ repay 326 □ review 11 □ routine 214
□ razor 385 □ refrain 2 □ repeal 336 □ revise 19 □ rower 401
□ react 49 □ refresh 7 □ repel 9 □ revitalize 363 □ royal 386
□ reaction 49 □ refuge 262 □ repent 399 □ revive 7 □ royalty 386
□ readily 61 □ refute 135 □ repertory 383 □ revivify 363 □ mb 302
□ realistic 96 □ regain 7 □ repetition 272 □ revolt 321 □ ruby 384
•421 •□ rude 285 □ sauna 393 □ seal 228 □ shadowy 379 □ sidewalk 381
□ mg 383 □ saunter 393 □ seam 385 □ shaft 389 □ siege 316
□ rugby 393 □ sausage 39 □ seasick 382 □ shaky 379 □ sieve 403
□ rugged 376 □ savage 320 □ seasickness 382 □ shallow 183 □ sift 403
□ nmio(u)r 136 □ savings 384 □ seasoning 391 □ shamefaced 380 □ sigh 339
□ runaway 388 □ savio(u)r 399 □ secrecy 401 □ shampoo 384 □ sightseeing 384
□ runner-up 393 □ savo(u)r 391 □ secretarial 401 □ shareholder 384 □ signal 61
□ runway 382 □ savoury 391 □ secretariat 401 □ shawl 385 □ signature 378
□ rural 81 □ sawmill 402 □ sect 399 □ shed 287 □ significant 88
□ rust 243 □ scaffolding 403 □ section 349 □ sheer 353 □ signify 67
□ rustic 398 □ scalar 392 □ sector ；M8 □ shellfish 391 □ signpost 389
□ ruthless 380 □ scale 260 □ secular 399 □ shelter 37 □ silicon 394
□ rye 390 □ scalp 400 □ secure 36 □ shepherd 402 □ silky 385
s □ □
□ scan 46 □ sediment 394 sheriff 386 silvery 398
□ □ □ □
sack 07 scandal 136 □ seedling 395 sherry 391 similar 212
□ □ □ □ □
sacking 385 scant 353 seemingly 253 shield 270 simile 379
□
□ sacred 25 scapegoat 388 □ segment 309 □ shift 169 □ simplify 330
□ sacrifice 59 □ sc*ar 339 □ select 213 □ shilling 392 □ simultaneous 29
□ sadden 380 □ scarce 65 □ self-contained 380 □ shipboard 382 □ sin 325
□ □ □ □
□ saddle 329 scarcely 65 self-reliant 380 shipment 382 sincere 253
□ □ □ □ □
safeguard 321 scare 91 semester 188 shipping 382 singlehood 383
□ □ □ □ □
saint 399 scarf 385 semicolon 379 shipyard 382 singular 217
□ □ □ □ □
sake 229 scarlet 398 semi-conductor 402 shit 398 sinister 381
□ □ □ □ □
salesclerk 401 scatter 153 seminar 377 shiver 91 siren 204
□ □ □ □ □
saliva 400 scenery 299 senate 261 shoal 279 sitcom 383
□ □ □ □ □
salmon 391 scent 229 senior 347 shockproof 383 site 389
□ □ □ □
□ salon 374 schedule 216 sensation (>6 shoplift 388 situate 118
□ □ □ □
saloon 389 □ scheme 202 sense 31 shortage 212 skeleton 297
□ □ □ □
salute 329 scholarship 209 sensible 32 shortcut 382 □ skeptical/sceptical 137
□
salvage 293 □ scissors 402 □ sensitive 32 □ shorthand 379 □ sketch 271
□ salvation 399 □ scoop 370 □ sentiment 287 □ shortly 374 □ ski 375
□ sampan 382 □ scooter 382 □ separate 17 □ shorts 385 □ skid 104
□ □ □ □ □
sample 284 scope 87 sequence 229 shortsighted 381 skilled 102
□ □ □ □ □
sanatorium 397 scorch 357 serene 310 shotgun 387 skim 46
□ □ □ □ □
sanction 273 scorn 219 sergeant 386 shovel 403 skip 366
□ □ □ □ □
sandal 383 scorpion 397 serial 242 showcase 402 skirmish 367
□ □ □ □
□
scotch 388 series 242 showdown 379 skull 400
sane 322
□ □ □ □ □
sanguinary 400 scoundrel 388 sermon 399 shrewd 313 skylight 402
□ □ □
□
sanitary 397 scout 321 serpent 396 shriek 314 □ skyline 389
□ □ □ □
□ sapling 395 scramble 165 serviceman 387 shrill 383 skyrocket 371
□ □ □ □
□ sarcastic 3(U scrap 58 sesame 390 shrimp 391 slack 259
□ □ □ □
sardine 391 scrape 58 session 386 □ shrine 399 slacks 385
□ scratch 24 □ setback 3 □ shrink 212 □ slam 362
□ Satan 399
□ screen 269 □ settee 402 □ shrub 395 □ slander 368
□ satchel 385
□
□ screw 351 □ setting 349 □ shrug 129 slang 377
□ satin 385
□ □ □ □
□
scribble 312 settlement 289 shudder 361 slant 370
satire 364
□ □ □ □
□
script 312 sever 402 shutter 376 slap 306
satisfactory 142
□ □ □ □
□
scroll 378 severe 73 shuttle 293 slash 83
saturate 325
□ □ □ □
□
scrutiny 215 sewage 390 sicken 397 slate 371
Saturn 375 □ □ □ □
□
sculpture 271 sewer 390 sickle 403 slaughter 245
sauce 391
□ □ □ □
□
scythe 403 sewerage 390 sideboard 402 slay 388
saucepan 403
□
□ seagull 396 □ shabby 289 □ sidelight 402 □ sledge 375
saucer 403
•422.□ sleet 374 □ sole 143 □ spice 243 □ starch 390 □ straightforward 253
□ sleigh 375 □ solemn 51 □ spike 403 □ starry 375 □ strain 23
□ slender 105 □ solicit 388 □ spill 63 □ startle 106 □ strait 375
□ slice 58 □ solicitor 386 □ spin 91 □ starve 310 □ strand 82
□ slide 104 □ solidarity 313 □ spinach 391 □ stateroom 382 □ strangle 388
□ slight 225 □ solitary 254 □ spine 400 □ static 241 □ strap 301
□ slim 105 □ solitude 381 □ spinster 398 □ stationary 352 □ strategy 144
□ sling 403 □ solo 323 □ spiral 349 □ stationery 352 □ straw 395
□ slip 104 □ soluble 96 □ spit 338 □ statistic 283 □ stray 327
□ slipper 383 □ solution 96 □ spite 184 □ statue 270 □ streak 371
□ slippery 351 □ somewhat 155 □ splash 340 □ status 208 □ streamline 238
□ slogan 322 □ sonnet 377 □ splendo(u)r 376 □ statute 232 □ strengthen 163
□ slope 165 □ soot 394 □ splinter 394 □ staunch 380 □ stress 78
□ slot 227 □ soothe 323 □ split 79 □ steadfast 380 □ stretch 3
□ sluggish 379 □ sophisticated 143 □ spoil 171 □ steady 211 □ stricken 402
□ slum 219 □ sophomore 378 □ sponge 370 □ steak 67 □ stride 246
□ slumber 383 □ sore 98 □ sponsor 168 □ stealthy 388 □ strife 379
□ sly 316 □ sorghum 390 □ spontaneous 29 □ steamer 382 □ striking 65
□ smack 112 □ sorrow 153 □ spot 156 □ steep 351 □ string 314
□ smash 152 □ sour 365 □ spotlight 402 □ steeple 399 □ strip 261
□ smear 368 □ source 294 □ spouse 68 □ steer 324 □ stripe 301
□ smelly 390 □ souvenir 384 □ sprain 24 □ stem 103 □ strive 254
□ smith 401 □ sovereign 244 □ spray 340 □ stench 390 □ stroke 242
□ smog 375 □ sow 329 □ springboard 393 □ stereo 376 □ stroll 247
□ smokestack 402 □ soy(a)bean 390 □ springlock 403 □ stereotype 226 □ stronghold 388
□ smudge 390 □ spa 393 □ sprinkle 340 □ sterile 375 □ structure 269
□ smuggle 10 □ spacecraft 375 □ sprout 329 □ sterility 375 □ stubborn 239
□ snack 67 □ spacious 122 □ spruce 395 □ sterling 384 □ stud 385
□ snap 341 □ spade 403 □ spur 335 □ stem 329 □ stuff 156
□ snatch 254 □ span 270 □ spy 367 □ stew 391 □ stumble 151
□ sneak 355 □ spanner 403 □ squad 388 □ steward 382 □ stump 315
□ sneer 313 □ spark 120 □ squadron 388 □ stewardess 382 □ stun 286
□ sneeze 98 □ sparkle 120 □ squander 126 □ stiff 267 □ sturdy 381
□ snicker 383 □ sparrow 396 □ squarely 374 □ stifle 323 □ stutter 328
□ sniff 302 □ sparse 66 □ squat 400 □ stigma 390 □ stylish 377
□ snob 380 □ spawn 365 □ squeeze 126 □ stimulate 210 □ stylistic 377
□ snobbery 380 □ spear 391 □ stab 227 □ sting 329 □ subdue 367
□ snobbish 380 □ spearhead 388 □ stable 211 □ stink 390 □ subjective 6
□ snooker 393 □ specializeAise 77 □ stack 333 □ stir 241 □ subjunctive 378
□ snore 143 □ special ty/speciality 77 □ stadium 274 □ stitch 298 □ submarine 387
□ snug 385 □ species 77 □ staff 274 □ stock 212 □ submerge 226
□ soak 325 □ specific 77 □ stagger 91 □ stockbroker 401 □ submit 234
□ soapy 384 □ specify 77 □ stagnant 79 □ stockholder 401 □ subordinate 141
□ soar 259 □ specimen 284 □ stain 156 □ stocking 385 □ subscribe 167
□ sober 323 □ speck 394 □ stake 315 □ stoneware 394 □ subsequent 107
□ sociable 208 □ spectacular 121 □ stale 312 □ stony 376 □ subsidiary 333
□ sociology 267 □ spectator 45 □ stall 370 □ stool 402 □ subsidy 333
□ socket 402 □ speculate 154 □ stammer 328 □ stoop 247 □ substance 29
□ sodium 394 □ speedometer 382 □ standardize 21 □ stor(e)y 389 □ substandard 390
□ soften 381 □ speedway 382 □ standpoint 232 □ stout 400 □ substantial 29
□ solar 375 □ sperm 400 □ standstill 241 □ stove 402 □ substitute 125
□ soldierly 387 □ sphere 268 □ staple 201 □ straighten 363 □ subtitle 378
•423.□ subtle 139 □ suspend 9 □ tar 394 □ therapy 397 □ tolerate 213
□ subtract 268 □ suspense 9 □ target 280 □ thereabout(s) 92 □ toll 248
□ suburb 81 □ suspicion 134 □ tariff 333 □ thereafter 92 □ tomb 400
□ succession 107 □ sustain 180 □ tarmac 394 □ thereby 92 □ tone 130
□ successive 107 □ swallow 337 □ tart 381 □ thereof 92 □ tonnage 392
□ suck 350 □ swamp 375 □ tasty 391 □ thermal 392 □ toothpaste 385
□ suckle 396 □ swan 395 □ tattoo 388 □ thermometer 392 □ topple 330
□ sue 10 □ swarm 279 □ tavern 401 □ thermostat 392 □ topsoil 394
□ sufficient 21 □ sway 349 □ tax 233 □ thesaurus 379 □ torch 384
□ suffix 378 □ swear 352 □ tease 219 □ thesis 377 □ torment 356
□ suffocate ,•⑻） □ sweat 302 □ teaspoon 403 □ thick-skinned 381 □ tornado 374
□ suicide 82 □ sweatshirt ；385 □ teddy 384 □ thigh 400 □ torpedo 387
□ suitability 376 □ sweatshop 402 □ tedious 339 □ thom 395 □ torrent 376
□ sulky 380 □ swell 327 □ teem 375 □ thorough 246 □ tortoise 396
□ sullen 380 □ swerve 104 □ telecommunications 376 □ thoroughbred 395 □ tortuous 379
□ sulphate 394 □ swift 379 □ telegraph 376 □ thoroughfare 381 □ torture 231
□ sulphur 394 □ swindle 326 □ telescope 376 □ thrash 402 □ Toiy 387
□ sum 38 □ swing 104 □ televise 376 □ threat 91 □ toss 337
□ summarize 38 □ switch 166 □ telex 376 □ thresh 402 □ touchdown 393
□ summit 252 □ switchboard 402 □ temper 78 □ threshold 292 □ touching 398
□ summon 294 □ swollen 381 □ temperament 351 □ thrift 80 □ tough 211
□ sumo 383 □ syllable 378 □ temperate 339 □ thrill 105 □ tournament 393
□ sunbathe 393 □ syllabus 377 □ temporary 210 □ thrive 122 □ tow 336
□ sunburn 375 □ symbol 163 □ tempt 253 □ throatily 379 □ towel 384
□ sundial 375 □ symmetry 342 □ tenant 58 □ throne 386 □ townsfolk 398
□ sunstroke 397 □ sympathy 230 □ tend 179 □ throng 369 □ township 389
□ suntan 375 □ symphony 393 □ tendency 179 □ thrush 396 □ toxic 390
□ superb 274 □ symposium 377 □ tender 182 □ thrust 354 □ trace 231
□ superficial 183 □ symptom 215 □ tension 211 □ thumb 288 □ trademark 384
□ superintendent 386 □ syndrome 97 □ tentative 140 □ thumbtack 403 □ tradesman 401
□ superior 148 □ synonym 378 □ terminal 310 □ thunder 218 □ tradition 168
□ superlative 378 □ syntax 378 □ terminate 310 □ thwart 356 □ trafficker 388
□ supersonic 382 □ synthesis 29 □ terminology 379 □ tick 364 □ tragedy 136
□ superstition 224 □ synthetic 29 □ terrace 389 □ tickle 361 □ trail 231
□ supervise 162 □ syringe 397 □ terrific 311 □ tier 402 □ trailer 382
□ supplement 218 □ syrup 390 □ terrify 247 □ tile 394 □ traitor 388
□ suppress 287 □ system 233 □ territory 248 □ timber 395 □ tram 382
□ supreme 216 T □ terror 187 □ timetable 374 □ tramp 369
□ surf 393 □ tablet 397 口 tertiary 390 □ timid 2 □ tranquil 310
□ surge .342 □ tackle 96 □ testament 379 □ tinkle 383 □ transaction 187
□ surgeon 239 □ tactic 144 □ testify 107 □ tipper 384 □ transfer 106
□ surgery 239 □ tag 61 □ testimony 295 □ tiptoe 112 □ transform 166
□ sumiount 357 □ Uikeaway 390 □ textile 385 □ tissue 138 □ transistor 402
□ surname 398 □ takeover 384 □ texture 385 □ toad 397 □ transit 284
□ surpass 196 □ talent 158 □ thaw 363 □ toast 53 □ transition 284
□ surplus 2(57 □ tally 393 □ theatrical 377 □ tobacconist 402 □ transitive 378
□ surrender 5 □ tame 59 □ theft 34 □ toddle 303 □ transmit 166
□ surround 97 □ tan 371 □ theme 262 □ toe 111 □ transparent. 142
□ surveillance 401 □ tangerine 390 □ theologian 399 □ toffee 390 □ transplant 165
□ survey 213 □ tangible 357 □ theology 399 □ toil 356 □ transport 166
□ survive 178 □ tangle 354 □ theoretical 31 □ token 328 □ trap 194
□ suspect 134 □ tapestry 385 □ therapist 397 □ tolerance 213 □ trash 156
•424.□ trawl 391 □ tumour 397 □ unlike 105 □ verge 128 □ wag(g)on 382
□ tray 403 □ tumult 380 □ unload 258 □ verify 107 □ wage 171
□ tread 246 □ tuna 391 □ unrest 379 □ versatile 102 □ walnut 395
□ treason 388 □ tune 130 □ untie 402 □ version 137 □ waltz 393
□ treasonable 388 □ tunnel 92 □ upbringing 58 □ versus 235 □ wander 246
□ treatment 274 □ turbulent 136 □ update 189 □ vertical 328 □ ward 173
□ treaty 173 □ turf 375 □ upgrade 144 □ vessel 301 □ wardrobe 402
□ treble 270 □ turkey 391 □ uphold 217 □ vest 385 □ warehouse 389
□ treeline 375 □ turnip 391 □ upright 393 □ vet 395 □ warfare 388
□ tremble 281 □ turnover 348 □ uproar 381 □ veteran 401 □ warhead 387
□ tremendous 281 □ turnpike 382 □ uproot 330 □ veterinary 395 □ warlike 388
□ trench 320 □ turtle 396 □ upset 19 □ veto 261 □ warlord 388
□ trend 233 □ turtleneck 385 □ uptown 381 □ via 269 □ warrant 143
□ trial 260 □ tutor 113 □ urban 81 □ vibrant 72 □ warrior 387
□ triangle 240 □ twig 395 □ urge 62 □ vibrate 72 □ warship 387
□ tribe 311 □ twilight 374 □ urgent 62 □ vicar 399 □ wasp 397
□ tribunal 386 □ twinkle 363 □ urine 400 □ vice 313 □ waterfront 375
□ tribute 343 □ twist 104 □ usher 402 □ victim 193 □ waterproof 383
□ trickle 62 □ typical 209 □ utensil 403 □ victor 393 □ watershed 374
□ tricky 380 □ tyranny 386 □ utility 52 □ victorious 393 □ watertight 383
□ trifle 349 □ tyrant 386 □ utilize 52 □ view 46 □ watt 392
□ trigger 106 u □ utmost 239 □ viewpoint 249 □ wax 394
□ trim 88 □ ultimate 239 □ utter 210 □ vigilant 380 □ weapon 244
□ trinity 393 □ ultimatum 388 V □ vigorous 123 □ weary 78
□ trio 393 □ ultraviolet 393 □ vacant 92 □ villa 389 □ weave 288
□ triple 240 □ unanimous 257 □ vacate 367 □ villain 388 □ wed 383
□ triumph 202 □ uncover 4 □ vaccinate 329 □ vine 395 □ weep 323
□ trivial 140 □ underclass 387 □ vague 228 □ vineyard 395 □ weld 308
□ trolley 382 □ undercover 379 □ vain 170 □ vintage 391 □ welfare 80
□ trombone 393 □ underestimate 110 □ valiant 380 □ violate 73 □ wharf 382
□ troop 295 □ undergo 246 □ valid 300 □ violent 73 □ whereabouts 374
□ trophy 384 □ underlie 52 □ van 382 □ violet 398 □ whereas 246
□ tropical 269 □ underline 52 □ vanish 127 □ virgin 398 □ whereby 323
□ trot 247 □ undermine 273 □ vanity 381 □ virtually 149 □ whim 383
□ troubleshooter 401 □ underneath 273 □ vapo(u)r 133 □ virtue 195 □ whip 403
□ trough 374 □ underj^ass 389 □ variable 28 □ virus 33 □ whirl 321
□ troupe 383 □ underside 374 □ vary 28 □ visible 179 □ whisker 400
□ trout 391 □ undertake 216 □ vegetarian 390 □ vision 179 □ whistle 111
□ truant 378 □ underworld 388 □ vegetation 395 □ vital 150 □ wholesale 384
□ truism 377 □ undo 247 □ vehicle 79 □ vivid 123 □ wholesome 21
□ trumpet 111 □ undoubted 170 □ veil 274 □ volcano 375 □ wick 384
□ trunk 395 □ undue 379 □ vein 369 □ volt 392 □ widespread 33
□ trustee 384 □ unearth 370 □ velvet 385 □ voltage 392 □ widow 383
□ truthful 380 □ uneasy 213 □ vendor 401 □ volume 188 □ width 393
□ tub 403 □ unethical 381 □ vent 319 □ volunteer 179 □ wig 400
□ tube 233 □ uneven 376 □ ventilate 98 □ vomit 397 □ willow 395
□ tuberculosis 397 □ unexpected 198 □ venture 301 □ vote 174 □ willpower 380
□ tuck 337 □ unfold 300 □ venue 389 □ voucher 384 □ windmill 384
□ t ug 336 □ unify 128 □ Verms 375 □ vow 352 □ windscreen 382
□ tuition 8 □ union 128 □ veranda 389 □ vulgar 38 □ wink 306
□ tumble 151 □ unique 66 □ verbal 238 □ vulnerable 136 □ wisdom 53
□ tummy 400 □ unisex 398 □ verdict 136 W □ wit 53
•425-□ witchcraft 399 □ worthy 90 □ Xerox 378 □ yell 230 □ zip 385
□ withdraw 218 □ wrap 288 Y □ yield 201 □ zip code 384
□ wither 310 □ wreath 395 □ yacht 382 □ y〇g(h)urt 391 □ zone 389
□ withhold 212 □ wreck 257 □ Yank/Yankee 398 □ yolk 391 □ zoology 395
□ witness 134 □ wrestle 393 Z
□ yardstick 392
□ workload 402 □ wretched 296
□ yam 385 □ zeal 344
□ worm 397 □ wrinkle 302 □ yawn 303 □ zebra 396
□ worship 271 □ wrist 400 □ yearn 254 □ zigzag 365
□ worthwhile 90 X
□ yeast 390 □ zinc 394
•426.
