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专题 01 动词时态、语态和主谓一致
目录
考点聚焦：核心考点，有的放矢
重点速记：知识点和关键点梳理，查漏补缺
牛刀小试：知识点和关键点训练，能力提升
学以致用：提升专练，全面突破
考点一 一般时态
考点二 进行时态
考点三 完成时态
考点四 完成进行时
考点五 被动语态
考点六 主谓一致
考点一 一般时态
(一)一般现在时
1．表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time,
now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。
On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20
miles. 周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时，虽然实际距离只有20英里。
2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于 go, arrive, leave, start, stay,
return, begin, come, close等动词。
The shop closes at 11：00 p．m.every day.这家商店每天晚上11点关门。
3．如果主句用一般将来时，那么在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。
The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started.这位总统希望人民
在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司基础题
1.His parents hope he can follow his heart when he (选择) his job.
答案 chooses/picks 考查一般现在时。“选择”用choose/pick 来表示，设空处作时间状语从句的谓语，
由主句谓语动词hope可知，此处也应用一般现在时，时间状语从句主语 he为第三人称单数，谓语动词应
用第三人称单数形式。故答案为 chooses/picks。
2.Chinese Language Day on April 20th every year， the same day as Guyu.(fall)
答案 falls 考查一般现在时。根据本句中的时间状语on April 20th every year可知，谓语动词用一般现在
时，主语Chinese Language Day 为第三人称单数，故填falls。
3.Worry is a total waste of time. It (not change) anything.
答案 doesn’t change 根据“Worry is a total waste of time.”可知，时态为一般现在时，根据括号中的英文
提示可知，该句为否定句，主语为It，故填doesn’t change。
(二)一般过去时
1．表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可
以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与 yesterday, the other day, last
week, the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。
A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr.Smith fell in love with the people and culture there. 史密
斯先生到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。
2. 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般
过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect, want等。
Edward, you play so well.But I didn’t know you played the piano.爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知
道你会弹钢琴。
基础题
1.Five minutes ago， Linda (锁) the door and left with her mum.
答案 locked 考查一般过去时。根据前面的时间状语Five minutes ago可知动词用过去式。
2.Hobo has just moved here and this is the third time he has (迷失)his way.
答案 lost 考查现在完成时。根据中文提示可知，此处填lose的适当形式;根据空前的has可知，要填lose
的过去分词形式lost。
3. I (hear) from my parents once a month when I was at primary school.
答案 heard 根据“when I was at primary school”可知，叙述的事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。hear的
过去式为heard。故填heard。
4.Qi Baishi (start) to learn painting by himself at a young age and finally achieved a great success.
答案 started 根据at a young age可知时态为一般过去时，动词start的过去式为started。故填started。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司5.As soon as Mum got home yesterday， she (hang) her coat behind the door and went to the kitchen
to prepare supper.
答案 hung 根据yesterday可知，时态是一般过去时，此处hang表示“悬挂”，过去式是hung，故填
hung。
(三)一般将来时
1．“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语
tomorrow, next year, in＋一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称，will通常用于各种人称。“will＋
动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the
end. 学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。
—What time is it? ——几点了？
—I have no idea.But just a minute, I will check it for you. ——我不知道。但是请稍等，我给您查查。
2．“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。
Dr.Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer. 史密斯博士将在今
年夏天与他的妻子和女儿们一起游览北京。
Look, dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon, I think. 瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。
3．“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作；也可表示职责、义务、意图、禁止等。
You are to hand in your papers by 10 o’clock.到10点你必须得上交试卷。
A meeting is to be held at 3 o’clock this afternoon.会议将于今天下午3点举行。
4．“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用，可以
和并列连词when(＝and at this/that time)引导的从句连用。
Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关上窗户，就在
这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。
基础题
1.—Amy， do you know how to make a QR code?
—Of course. I (show) you the steps.
答案 will show 根据语境可知，此处指将向你展示步骤，应用一般将来时。故填will show。
2.Keep your eyes open， or you (miss) the most exciting moment of the magic.
答案 will miss 这是“祈使句+or+陈述句”的结构，在此结构中，or后的句子用一般将来时，此处表达
“睁大你的眼睛，否则你将会……”，故填will miss。
3.But surely, people believe, his dream (come) true in the near future.
答案 will come 考查一般将来时。根据时间状语in the near future可知用一般将来时。故填will come。
4.As long as you put in more effort, you progress in your schoolwork.(make)
答案 will make 句意:只要你付出更多的努力,你的功课就会进步。空处作谓语,本句含有条件状语从句,时
学科网（北京）股份有限公司态遵循“主将从现”原则,所以主句用一般将来时。故填will make。
一般时提高题
单句语法填空
1．This ancient Chinese art, known as dragon scale bookbinding (装订), ________ (stretch) back more than 1，
000 years to the Tang dynasty.[2023·武汉市部分学校调研]
2．In the race, a drummer ________ (use) a large traditional wooden drum to keep the paddlers on the beat, while
a steersman in the back keeps them in their lane.[2023·南京市高三年级学情调研]
3．According to the latest data, the total area of China's mangrove forests in 2020 ________ (be) 289 square
kilometers, and over 70 square kilometers of mangroves are newly planted and restored now.[2023·山东省高三百
师联盟联考]
1．答案与解析：stretches 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处在本句中作谓语。此
处描述了一个客观事实，时态用一般现在时；stretch back意为“追溯到”，无被动；主语This ancient
Chinese art为单数概念。故填stretches。
2．答案与解析：uses 动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“keeps”，再结合句意可知，该句陈述的是
风俗习惯，故用一般现在时；该句主语是a drummer，为第三人称单数，故用uses。
3．答案与解析：was 考查时态。句意：根据最新数据，2020年中国红树林总面积为289平方公里。根据
in 2020可知用一般过去时态，结合主语the total area“面积”，为不可数名词。
考点二 进行时态
(一)现在进行时
1．表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。
We are facing today a strange new world and we are all wondering what we are going to do with it.
我们今天面对的是一个陌生的新世界，并且我们都在想我们将要怎么对待它。
2．表示位置转移的动词，如go, come, leave, start, arrive, return, work, sleep, stay, have, wear, run out等，可用
现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的事。
Food supplies in the floodstricken area are running out.We must act immediately before there’s none left.
洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前立刻行动。
基础题
1.he whole town is c the opening of the new bridge with a huge party.
答案 celebrating 考查现在进行时。根据后文中的party可知动词是庆祝celebrate，根据前文is可知，此
处是现在进行时，注意要去掉celebrate结尾不发音的e再加⁃ing，故填celebrating。
2.It seems that families are more and more time together.(spend)
学科网（北京）股份有限公司答案 spending 考查现在进行时。根据语境可知，spend与其主语families为主动关系，结合空前的are
可知句子只能为现在进行时，设空处应填spend的⁃ing形式，故填spending。
3.Look! The children (circle) a robot， talking about science development.
答案 are circling 考查现在进行时。根据“Look!”可知，此句用现在进行时，空格处填are circling。指
孩子们正围着一个机器人。
4.—Hello， is that James speaking?
—Sorry， this is John. James (have) supper.
答案 is having 根据语境可知，打电话时詹姆斯正在吃晚餐，所以用现在进行时，故填is having。
5.—Why are you so busy the whole afternoon?
—We (plan) to have a fashion show for poor children this Friday.
答案 are planning 根据“Why are you so busy the whole afternoon?”可知，此处询问下午这个时间段内正
在做的事情，应用现在进行时;主语We是复数，故填are planning。
(二)过去进行时
1．表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语从句以及时间状语at that
time, at that moment, at this time yesterday, at ten o’clock yesterday等连用。
Susan had quit her wellpaid job and was working as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last
year. 苏珊已经辞去了高薪的工作。去年当我探望她的时候，她正在一个社区里做志愿者。
2．表示一个过去的动作正在进行时，另一个过去的动作发生了，常与when, while引导的时间状语从句连
用。
Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred. 突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。
基础题
1.—Andy， what were you doing at this time yesterday afternoon?
—I the film The Battle at Lake Changjin with my sister.
A.watch B.watched
C.was watching D.am watching
答案 C 考查过去进行时。由时间状语at this time yesterday afternoon可知此处描述昨天下午某一时刻正
在做的事，应该使用过去进行时。过去进行时的构成:was/were+doing。故选C。
2.The farmer (harvest) crops in the field from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. yesterday.
答案 was harvesting 根据from 8 a.m. to 1 p.m. yesterday可知，此处表示在过去的某一时间段内动作正
在进行，用过去进行时，主语是The farmer，be动词用was。故填was harvesting。
3.While we (eat) breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to collect his things.
答案 were eating 考查过去进行时。关键词While提示了设空处为进行时,由went可知应该使用过去进行
时。故填were eating。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司(三)将来进行时
表示将来某一时刻或某一时间段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如at this
time tomorrow, by then, from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。
Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 o’clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time.
简不能参加今天下午三点的会，因为那个时间段她有课。
进行时提高题
单句语法填空/完成句子
1．Now the local authorities ________ (work) to standardize and modernize operations at the restaurants to turn
the brand into a successful and safe food business worldwide.[2023·辽宁省五校联考]
2．Listen! Mary ________________________．听！玛丽正在教室里唱一首英文歌。
3．He ________________________ from 3：00 to 5：00 yesterday afternoon.昨天下午从3点到5点他一直
在家看电视。
4．They ____________________ at the station.他们会在车站接我们的。
1．答案与解析：are working 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间标志词“Now”和语境可知，
谓语动词时态应用现在进行时；主语 the local authorities 是复数，与 work 之间是主动关系，故填 are
working。
2．is singing an English song in the classroom
3．was watching TV at home
4．will be meeting us
考点三 完成时态
(一)现在完成时
1．表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语
有already, just, yet, never, before, lately, recently, in the last(past) few days/years, up to now, till now, so far等。
The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months. 在过去的
三个月里，这位音乐家和他的乐队成员们已经进行了十场演出。
2．表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常与since＋时间点， for＋时间段
等表示一段时间的状语连用。
—I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me?
——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？
—Sorry, I haven’t played the piano for years.——抱歉，我已经好多年没有弹钢琴了。
His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 他的第一部小说自上个月出版以
来就获得了很好的评价。
3．在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好
吗？
名师点津
一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
一般过去时 用于叙述过去的动作，与现在无关
所叙述的动作发生在过去某个或某段时间，该动作与现在有关系，可能对现
现在完成时
在产生影响，也可能一直持续下去
Mr.Smith has lived in Beijing for 5 years.(现在还在北京住着)
Mr.Smith lived in Beijing for 5 years.(现在已不在北京)
基础题
1.—May I speak to Wang Li?
—Sorry， she is not at home. She since last month.
A.left B.has left
C.has been away D.went away
答案 C 考查现在完成时。leave是短暂性动词，be away是延续性的。根据时间状语since last month可知，
此处应用现在完成时，应填延续性的has been away。故选C。
2.So far some states in the USA (introduce) a new way to avoid this—Traffic School.
答案 have introduced 考查现在完成时。该空在句中作谓语,由So far可知,本句应用现在完成时。主语
states为复数形式,故填have introduced。
3.The river has r several meters so far because of the rainstorms.
答案 risen 句意:到目前为止,由于暴雨,河水已经上涨了数米。根据because of the rainstorms及首字母可
知,暴雨造成河水上涨,此空应填不及物动词rise“上升”,has与过去分词构成现在完成时,故填risen。
4.Through storytelling, my children's thinking skills a lot since they were 3 years old.(develop)
答案 have developed 句意:通过讲故事,从3岁起,我的孩子们的思维能力得到了很大的发展。根据“since
they were 3 years old”可知句子要用现在完成时。主语 my children's thinking skills 是复数,故填 have
developed。
5.—Shall we go to the art exhibition this Sunday?
—Good idea, but I (promise) to go to the library with my sister.
答案 have promised 考查现在完成时。根据答语可知,回答者是在这段对话之前许诺了和妹妹去图书馆,
对现在的影响是不能去艺术展,所以应用现在完成时,故填have promised。
(二)过去完成时
1．表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表
示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。
By the time Jack returned home from England, his son had graduated from college.杰克从英国回到家时，
学科网（北京）股份有限公司他的儿子已经大学毕业了。
2．表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有 before, by
then, by that time, by the end of, by the time＋从句等。
It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they had done for me.
过了好久我才能够完全理解他们为我做那些事。
3．表示“愿望，打算”的动词(如hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, plan, intend)用于过去完成时表示
过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。
I had hoped to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
我本希望送给彼得一个礼物祝贺他结婚了，但我没能做到。
名师点津
常使用完成时的句型
(1)This/It/That is the first/...time＋that sb.has/have done；This/It/That was the first/...time＋that sb.had done
这是某人第几次做某事。
(2)It/This is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。
(3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did；It was/had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从某人做
某事以来多久了。
(4)hardly/scarcely...when.../no sooner...than... 一……就……。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。
考点四 完成进行时
1．表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状
语有all this morning, this month, these few days, since和for引导的状语从句等。
I’m tired out.I have been shopping all afternoon and I don’t seem to have finished anything. 我累坏了。
我整个下午都在购物，我好像什么事也没完成。
Tom has been working in the library every night over the last three months.
在过去的三个月里，汤姆每天晚上都在图书馆工作。
2．所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。
The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the
end. 学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。
提高题
1．Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities ________ (organize) a yearly autumn
trip for those who have retired from their posts.[2023·泰安市高考全真模拟]
2．In the past few years, the country ________ (enhance) legal and technological support for the protection of its
world natural heritage, establishing a management system with Chinese characteristics.[2023·湖北省第一次质量
监测]
3．Opening in July, the exhibition will last for three years. It is the first time that the Dunhuang Academy
学科网（北京）股份有限公司________ (hold) such a long exhibition in Beijing.[2023·高三日照市校际联合考试]
4．By the end of 2021, the “digital Dunhuang project” ______________(complete) the digital collection of 268
grottoes.[2023·聊城模拟]
1．答案与解析：have organized/have been organizing 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：从那时起，所有政府单
位、组织和街道社区每年都为退休人员组织一次秋季旅行。由“Since then”可知，句子时态用现在完成时，
也可用现在完成进行时来表示这个事情将会继续下去，故填have organized/have been organizing。
2．答案与解析：has enhanced 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处作谓语。结
合时间状语“In the past few years”可知，时态用现在完成时； the country和enhance之间为主动关系；主
语the country为第三人称单数。故填has enhanced。
3．答案与解析：has held 动词的时态和语态。句意：这是敦煌研究院第一次在北京举办这么长时间的展
览。在“It is the first/second/third/...time＋从句”结构中，从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时；又因 the
Dunhuang Academy为第三人称单数，故填has held。
4．答案与解析：had completed 由时间状语“By the end of 2021”可知， 该句应用过去完成时。
考点五 被动语态
被动语态的构成为“be＋过去分词”， 被动语态的构成形式还有get/become＋过去分词。
只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语才有被动语态，不及物动词或短语无被动语态。
1．各种时态中被动语态的构成
时态 被动语态的构成
一般现在时 am/is/are done
一般过去时 was/were done
一般将来时 shall/will be done
现在进行时 am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were being done
现在完成时 have/has been done
过去完成时 had been done
2.被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者
Attention，please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8：00 a. m. tomorrow. Everyone is expected to
attend on time.请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。
(2)强调或突出动作的承受者
The woman was taken to hospital.那位女士被送进了医院。
(3)动作执行者被较长的修饰语修饰。
The idea was supported by those who wished to make much money.想挣许多钱的人们支持那个主意。
【名师指津】
①动词短语在含被动语态的句子中作谓语时，切不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。
The plan will be given up．这项计划就要被放弃了。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司Bad habits have been done away with．坏习惯已经改掉了。
②含情态动词的被动语态形式是：情态动词＋be＋过去分词
He must be prevented from going.必须阻止他去。
The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.这项计划应该尽早执行。
③“get＋过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
The patient got treated once a week.那位病人一周治疗一次。
He fell off the car and got killed．他从汽车上掉下来，摔死了。
3．主动形式表示被动含义
(1)表示感受、感官的系动词如feel, sound, taste, look等，后面跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，常常以
主动形式表示被动意义，指其本身具有的属性、特征等。
Her voice sounds beautiful．
(2)当sell, read, draw, wash, write, open, wear, run, burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来
表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。
The music isn't pleasant to listen to．这音乐不好听。
This kind of radio doesn't sell well．这种收音机销路不好。
基础题
1.iangsu automatic(自动的) test of listening and speaking (hold) in April every year.
答案 is held 考查一般现在时的被动语态。由every year可知应用一般现在时。Jiangsu automatic test of
listening and speaking是被举办的，故使用被动语态，test是单数形式，故填is held。
2.You (expect) to be more organized in high school. So you can keep a diary.
答案 are expected 考查一般现在时的被动语态。此处表示你被期待更有条理，结合下一句“So you can
keep a diary.”可知，用一般现在时的被动语态。
3.It is said that this museum (name) after Qu Qiubai many years ago.
答案 was named 考查一般过去时的被动语态。从句中，主语this museum和谓语动词name是被动关系，
表示“被命名”，根据时间状语 many years ago可知，要用一般过去时，所以填 was named。be named
after“以……的名字来命名”。
4.The plan they paid much attention to (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting.
答案 will be discussed 分析句子可知，“they paid much attention to”是修饰The plan的定语从句，主语
The plan和动词discuss之间是被动关系，且时间状语为at tomorrow’s meeting，所以应用一般将来时的被动
语态。故填will be discussed。
5.Luckily， many traditional art forms like Wuxi Opera (pass) on and stay alive.
答案 are passed 主语many traditional art forms与动词短语pass on之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态，
根据空后的stay alive可知，此处应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词应用are。故填are
passed。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司6.In the past six months， a lot of talent shows on TV (cancel). It’s believed that the government has acted
to clean up the entertainment industry.
答案 have been cancelled 根据时间状语In the past six months可知，此空用现在完成时;talent shows和
动词cancel是被动关系，要用被动语态。故填have been cancelled。
提高题
单句语法填空
1．Right now more than 9，800 companies are providing such services, of which over 1，800 ________
(establish) last year.[2023·嘉兴市高三基础测试]
2．Nowadays, tofu ________ (serve) in a modern way. In many fine dining restaurants, the tasting menu is
designed around its textures.[2023·南京六校高三调研]
3．The concept ________ (spread) into the worlds of music, dance and TV dramas so far.[2023·烟台市高三考前
热身]
4．The exam questions should focus on basic knowledge and skills, and the number of questions focusing on rote
(死记硬背的) learning should ________ (reduce), the notice said.[2023·重庆市高三第一次诊断]
1．答案与解析：were established 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。over 1，800 (companies)与动词establish
之间为被动关系，且前者表示复数概念，又根据后面的时间状语last year可知此处应用一般过去时。故填
were established。
2．答案与解析：is served 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语Nowadays并结合句意可知，此
处陈述的是现在的情况，应用一般现在时；句子的主语 tofu与serve之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；因
为主语tofu为不可数名词，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is served。
3．答案与解析：has been spread 考查时态和语态。分析句子可知，空格处为句子的谓语，根据时间状语
so far可知，此处时态用现在完成时，由句意可知，动词spread与主语the concept之间为被动关系，故填
has been spread。
4．答案与解析：be reduced 考查被动语态。句意：考试题目要集中在基础知识和技能上，减少死记硬背
的题目数量。分析句子结构可知，主语questions与谓语动词reduce之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语
态，且情态动词should后接动词原形，故填be reduced。
考点六 主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就
近一致原则。
（1）语法一致原则
主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
All the scientific evidence shows that increasing use of chemicals in farming is damaging our health.
所有的科学证据都表明，在农业中使用越来越多的化学品正在危害着我们的健康。
Everything is in a complete mass, which drives people crazy. 所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。
What he said is far from the truth.他的话与事实相差太远了。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司2．主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than,
including, in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。
Amy, as well as her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
上周埃米和她的哥哥们回到村庄时，受到了热烈的欢迎。
I think Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。
3．and, both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
Steam and ice are different forms of water.蒸汽和冰是水的不同形式。
名师点津
如果and连接两个单数可数名词或不可数名词，表示同一人、同一物或同一概念，或表示不可分的整
体时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The writer and professor, who I often refer to at the meetings, is popular among those people. 我在会议上
经常提到的那位作家兼教授，在那些人中很受欢迎。
4．定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。
This is one of the novels that have ever been written by Mo Yan. 这是莫言所写的小说之一。
She is the only one of the girls who sings well in class.她是班里女生中唯一一个歌唱得很好的。
5．“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语
时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
Many a parent has had to go through this same painful process. 很多父母都被迫经历了这一段痛苦的过
程。
Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日的
聚会。
（2）意义一致原则
意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。
1．集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成整体的一个个成员，
谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有 family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience
等。
The whole class, which is made up of twenty boys and fifteen girls were told to stay behind after school to
have an important meeting yesterday.
这个班由20个男生和15个女生组成。昨天全班学生被告知放学后留下来开一个重要的会。
名师点津
形式为单数但意义为复数概念的police, people等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The police are searching for the murderer in the mountain. 警察正在山里搜寻杀人犯。
2．“分数/百分数/the majority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示
的意义；all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。
About one third of the books are worth reading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。
Altogether more than 70 percent of the surface of the earth is covered by water. 总共有超过70%的地球
学科网（北京）股份有限公司表面被水覆盖。
3．“the＋形容词”表示一类人，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。
4．a quantity of后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及
其表示的意义。quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。
A quantity of time has been wasted on the project.大量的时间被浪费在了这个项目上。
With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.
由于更多的森林被毁，每年有大量的沃土被冲走。
5．“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，
谓语动词用单数形式。
The number of people invited was one hundred, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.
收到邀请的总共有100人，但很多人因为各种原因缺席了。
6．表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.对于一个男孩来说，3 000美元是一笔大数目。
（3）就近一致原则
就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。
1．由or, either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also)．.., not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与
最近的主语保持一致。
Not only John and Tom but also their sister, Mary, takes great interest in the piano lessons. 不仅是约翰
和汤姆，就连他们的妹妹玛丽，也对钢琴课有极大的兴趣。
Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.你或者你的一名学生应
该出席明天的会议。
2．在there be句型中，若有几个并列成分作主语，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。
There are three books and a pen on the desk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。
基础题
用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Everyone except Tom and John (be)there when the meeting began.
2.Neither of the two brothers (live)with their parents.
3.Playing baseball (be)Dale’s favourite sport.
4.The whole class (be)greatly moved by his words.
5.The Chinese badminton team (be)playing magnificently.
6.The police (be)looking for the murderer.
7.His Selected Poems (be)first published in 1965.
8.I think physics (be)much more useful than maths.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司9.Not only students but also their teacher (object)to the plan.
10.There (be)some Chinese and three Americans in the travelling team.
11.Here (be)a letter and two books for you.
【答案】1.was2.lives3.is4.were 5.is 6.are 7.was 8.is9.objects 10.are 11.is
提高题
单句语法填空
1．Since 2016 when the company ________ (found), ChopValue has rescued billions of chopsticks from landfills.
[2023·青岛市高三调研]
2．The formation of each celadon ________ (be) a process of life casting. Only after being burnt at around 1300℃
for 400 hours can it be made into an object.[2023·邯郸市高三模拟]
3．What ________(make) people moved is not the film itself but the heroes of the war years.[2023·漳州市第二次
质量检测]
4．However, as society ________(progress), the rapid rise in incomes and higher living standards will see more
Chinese searching for experiences that are anything but traditional.[2023·唐山市第一次模拟]
5．While we can't guard against all misfortunes and diseases, getting to know some first aid skills ________ (be)
quite useful.[2023·辽宁省部分重点中学协作体模拟]
1．答案与解析：was founded 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句中的2016可知，该处用一般过去时；
主语the company表示单数，且和动词found之间为被动关系。故填was founded。
2．答案与解析：is 考查时态及主谓一致。句意：每个青瓷的形成都是一个生命铸造的过程。根据句意可
知，此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时，故填is。
3．答案与解析：makes 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：让人感动的不是电影本身，而是战争年代的英雄们。
句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，What引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称
单数形式。
4．答案与解析：progresses 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，随着社会的进步，收入的迅速增长和生
活水平的提高，将会有更多的中国人寻求传统以外的体验。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时。主语
society是单数名词，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
5．答案与解析：is 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然我们不能预防所有的不幸和疾病，但了解一些急救
技能是非常有用的。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
提升专练
基础题
语篇填空
The Dragon Dance is a form of traditional dance in Chinese culture. It 1. (spread) all over China
and to the whole world so far.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司Traditionally， dragons 2. (make) of wood. However， in modern times， dragons 3.
(be) much lighter because they are made of lighter materials like plastics. The length of dragons can be from 25 to
35 meters for acrobatic(杂技的) models， and up to 50 to 70 meters for the larger parade(游行) styles
because people believe that the longer the dragon is， the more luck it4. (bring) to the community.
A small organization cannot run a very long dragon because it 5. (require) great human power， much
money and special skills.
The Dragon Dance itself 6. (begin) during the Han Dynasty. And it
7. (start) by the Chinese who had shown great respect for the dragon. It was already a popular event
during the Song Dynasty.
At that time， it 8. (become) a popular activity like the Lion Dance. People could often see it
during some important festivals. In the Qing Dynasty， the Dragon Dance Team of Fuzhou 9. (invite)
to put on a show in Beijing. And the emperor 10. (speak) highly of it.
答案
1.has spread 考查现在完成时。根据时间状语 so far 可知，此句应用现在完成时，主语 It指Dragon
Dance，此处指舞龙已经遍及了中国乃至全世界，故填has spread。
2.were made 考查一般过去时的被动语态。be made of指“由……制成”。根据Traditionally和下文in
modern times可知，此处时态为一般过去时，且主语为dragons，故填were made。
3.are 考查一般现在时。根据时间状语in modern times可知，此空用一般现在时，故填are。
4.will bring 考查一般将来时。此句中the longer the dragon is相当于if the dragon is longer的用法，故the
more luck it...用一般将来时，此处指人们相信龙越长，它就会带来越多的好运。故填will bring。
5.requires 考查一般现在时。根据语境及cannot run可知，时态为一般现在时，且从句主语是 it，故填
requires。
6.began 考查一般过去时。根据during the Han Dynasty可知，此处用一般过去时，故填began。
7.was started 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据by the Chinese who had shown great respect for the dragon
可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为it，故填was started。
8.became 考查一般过去时。根据时间状语At that time可知，此处用一般过去时，故填became。
9.was invited 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语In the Qing Dynasty可知，此句用一般过去时，
福州舞龙队是被邀去北京表演，故填was invited。
10.spoke 考查一般过去时。根据语境可知，此句时态为一般过去时，故填 spoke。speak highly of...高度评
价……。
提高题
语段填空 (用所给动词的适当形式填空)
The first zoo 1.________(establish) around 3 ，500 years ago by an Egyptian queen for her personal
enjoyment.Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperor 2.________(build) a huge zoo to show his power and
wealth.Later zoos were set up for the purpose of studying animals.
Some of the early European zoos 3.________(consist) of dark holes or dirty cages，the bad conditions of
学科网（北京）股份有限公司which made people disgusted.Later the zoos 4.________(replace) by research centers and animals there were
studied and 5.________(keep) in good condition.These places became the first modern zoos.As early as the
1940s，scientists 6.________(understand) that many kinds of wild animals faced extinction.Since then，zoos
7.________(try) to save many endangered species ， but relying on zoos 8.________(save) species is not
enough.The best method of protection is to leave them in their natural habitat.
Today，animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9.________(watch) carefully for any
signs of disease with specially trained keepers looking after them and some hospitals where they can be treated
when ill，and all the animals there live a comfortable life.Anyway，it is true that zoo breeding programs
10.________ (play) an important role in protecting many species of wildlife now.
1．was established 考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“around 3，500 years ago”可知
是过去时态，主语“The first zoo”和谓语动词establish之间是被动关系，且主语是the first zoo，谓语用单数，
故填 was established。
2．built 考查谓语动词的时态。句中“Five hundred years later”是过去的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式，
故填 built。
3．consisted 考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，此处描述过去的情况，谓语动词用过去式，故填
consisted。
4．were replaced 考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语“the zoos”和谓语动词replace之间为被动
关系，并且是描述过去发生的事，且主语是the zoos，谓语用复数，故填were replaced。
5．：(were) kept 考查谓语动词的时态和语态。animals与keep之间为被动关系且描述过去的情况，故用
一般过去时的被动语态，此处是并列谓语，前面已有be动词were，故可以省略were，故填(were) kept。
6．understood 考查谓语动词的时态。“As early as the 1940s”是过去的时间状语，谓语要用过去式，故填
understood。
7．have tried/have been trying 考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。时间状语为“Since then”，谓语常用现在
完成时，此处也可用现在完成进行时表示动作一直持续进行，且主语是 zoos，谓语用复数，故填 have
tried/have been trying。
8．to save 考查非谓语动词。rely on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事，故填to save。
9．(are) watched 考查谓语动词的时态。 主语 animals和谓语动词watch之间是被动关系，且此处与and
前面的are fed...为并列关系，故填(are) watched。
10．are playing 考查谓语动词的时态和主谓一致。由时间状语now可知，此处应该使用现在进行时，且
主语programs是复数，故填are playing。
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