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衔接点 01 名词、冠词（初高考点差异及衔接）
名词
初中要求 主要集中在名词的可数和不可数，以及名词构词法，同时还学习了名词所有格的用法。
高中阶段，在名词方面，还会加强对单复数、所有格的考查，所学内容更深；同时，更
高中要求 注重名词在语境中所表达的含义。题型多为单项填空和语法填空题，个别地区的短文改
错题和完形填空题也会对名词进行考查。
【初中名词考点聚焦】
考点1.名词词义辨析
1.—What places of interest are there in Yangzhou?
—I recommend the Slender West Lake. A boat tour is a wonderful !
A.movement B.attraction C.experience D.research
考点2.名词的数和格
2.We offered to look after our (邻居的) dog when she was away.
3.Some of my (英雄) are real people， and some are from stories.
考点3.名词的构词法
4.For your own (safe)， you shouldn’t climb mountains alone.
5.Everyone’s small acts of (kind) can make a big difference to the world.
【高中名词考点聚焦】
考纲解读
名词除了考查其词义辨析外, 还常结合其他项目一起考查, 题型以语法填空、短文改错、完形填空等
形式出现, 考查要点主要包括:
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1. 考查名词词义辨析和习惯搭配。
2. 考查名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名
词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
3. 考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象, 这种现象主要以隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形
填空试题中。
考点清单
考点一、名词单数变复数的用法
可数名词单数变复数的场合
一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths,house→houses
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses,match→matches
以辅音字母+-y结尾的名
变y为i再加-es country→countries,factory→factories
词
以元音字母+-y结尾的名
在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys
词
一般在词尾加-s piano→pianos,photo→photos
可数 以o结尾的名词
名词 有些在词尾加-es hero→heroes,potato→potatoes
单数
一般要变f或fe为v加-es self→selves,wolf→wolves
变复
以-f,-fe结尾的名词
数 少数直接加-s roof→roofs,belief→beliefs
单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式,方法), series, species
man→men, woman→women, child→children,
词形变化
tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice
将主体名词变为复数:passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on
合成名词的复数 无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加-s:
grown-up→grown-ups, stand-by→stand-bys
名词前有man/woman修
man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如:
饰 woman doctor→women doctors, man teacher→men teachers。
请用下列单词的适当形式填空
1. Two_________ (month) ago, three _________ (hero) caught four _________ (thief). They made them plant
some _________ (potato) and _________ (tomato) in two _________ (zoo). They also made their ________ (wife)
return the four big _________ (box) with some precious _________ (photo) and _________ (brush) in them.
2. On __________(teacher) Day, two _________(editor-in-chief), three ________________(man teacher) and five
_________ (woman doctor), together with their _________ (child), went to the farm in the countryside. There they
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司were lucky to see two _________(sheep), three _________ (deer), four _________ (ox), five _________ (goose)
and six white _________ (mouse) with three _________ (foot) and six _________ (tooth).
考点二、抽象名词具体化用法
①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有：
单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义
success 成功 成功的人或事
pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事
beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物
comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物
danger 危险 危险的人或因素
delight 高兴 令人高兴的事
failure 失败 失败的人或事物
surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情
shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情
pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.--How about ________Christmas evening party? ---I should say it was ______success.
2. --- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting.
--- It is not your fault. With rush-hour traffic and heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late.
3. My neighbor asked me to go for ______ walk, but I don’t think I’ve got ______ energy.
4. He missed gold in the high jump, but will get second chance in the long jump.
5. Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times.
考点三、名词所有格的用法
主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。
(1)一般是名词词尾加-'s。如:John's home约翰的家;
名 (2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。如:students' textbooks 学生们的课本;
词
(3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。如:children's game 孩子们的游戏。
所
表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名
有 词也常用of所有格。如:
格 the title of the article文章的标题;
the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字。
双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+-'s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,a few,two,this,that,these,those 等修饰,但不能用
the。如:
a picture of my mother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片;
this little cat of your sister's你妹妹的这只小猫。
1.He saved my _________ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown.
2.It is calculated by dividing a _____________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI
of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.
3.--- Who did you spend last weekend with? --- The ____________(Palmer).
4.The ____________(girl) shoes were covered with mud, so I asked them to take them off before they got into
____________(Tom) car.
5.Owning a lovable, cuddly pet can unquestionably make one’s home life better and apparently, it can affect pet
_____________(owner) professional lives as well.
考点四、动词/形容词变为名词后缀
要点精讲1：动词转化为名词的后缀
后缀 例词
correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝
－ion/
conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述
－tion/
decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入
－sion/
permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请
explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望
sail→sailor海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员
－er/
gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师
－or
announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员
punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就
argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗
－ment
equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府
astonish→astonishment惊奇
appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导
－ance/
perform→performance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存
－ence
prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅
－ure/ fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力
-ture depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物)
hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始
－ing
build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司－y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现
要点精讲2：形容词转化为名词的后缀
后缀 例词
－age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比
efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利
－cy
accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私
－dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智；智慧
－ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据
weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度
－ness
kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意
－th strong→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情
safe→safety安全 disable→disability缺陷；伤残
－y/－ty/－ity responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实
difficult→difficulty困难
请用下列单词的适当形式填空
1.Since June 2017, right before the (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have
been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.
2.The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Cason’s theme is a
more weighty (warn) about environmental destruction.
3.Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___________ (protect).
4.“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country,
China has a ___________ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea
industry.
5.A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper
cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
考点五、名词分类及句法功能
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司请用下列单词的适当形式填空
1. “I had to wait for the staff to write down my information, which caused much more ________ (convenience)
than scanning codes.”
2..I have to make a __________(complain) about the poor quality of food and service in your restaurant.
3.The old man who had a car accident last week made a full _________ (recover) from the operation in hospital.
4.Even a thirty-minute run will provide ________(relieve) from aches or tension.
5.She was unable to give the police a __________(describe) of the attacker because she had no memory of what
had happened to her.
一.单句语法填空（用所给单词的适当形式完成句子）
1. With the (develop) of modern society and the spread of new ideas, some traditions may fade
and others may be established.
2. A bridge is being built in the (distant) and its construction will be finished in a year.
3. Many people use a nonsense name for their net (identify) to protect their private information.
4. We have submitted our personal information and are waiting for (confirm) now.
5. As digital technology spreads widely, the risk of digital technology can cause problems and can go beyond
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司personal (private).
6. The finder of a wallet who takes it home may be guilty of . (thief)
7. She kicked at the door with her foot, and the (press) was enough to open it.
8. Students learned the practical (apply) of the theory they had learned in the classroom.
9. Robert’s (collect) of prints and paintings has been bought over the years.
10. Hearing the interesting story, all the people present burst into (laugh).
11. According to a recent survey, some TV programs should take responsibility for teenagers’ negative
(behave).
12. To our disappointment, only a (minor) of people is in support of our plan to build a new bridge.
13. Union leaders and company bosses will meet tomorrow in an attempt to reach a _________ (settle).
14. Confucius is one of the greatest (philosophy) in human history.
15. The laws led to (confuse), blood and thousands of deaths.
16. We would like to thank them for their patience and (understand).
17. She had never been greatly concerned about her (appear).
18. We should suppose he’s honest before hearing the (evident) against him.
19. Determining where we are in relation to our (surround) remains an essential skill for our survival.
20. The crowd in the room seemed full of curiosity. They expressed their _________ (eager) to hear me sing.
二．语篇填空（名词专练）
Many of us have worked as volunteers before. Some have experience as mechanics, repairing and maintaining
machines. Others are experienced medical workers who have volunteered to help those with 1 (disable). This
summer, one Chinese volunteer, Liu Fei, will serve as a management 2 (consult) for AIDS projects in an
African country. Liu has never been there, and his 3 (impress) of the country is that it is developing rapidly,
but suffers from much 4 (instable) and violence. Many people there have contracted AIDS. Liu will work
with a local organisation engaging in AIDS 5 (prevent). Liu’s path to Africa was long and bumpy. Although
he had met the 6 (criterion) for the volunteer 7 (apply), his family was opposed to his 8 (chooce)
at first. It took Liu some time to explain the 9 (important) of building a shared future for mankind.
Ultimately, his family decided to sing the same tune as Liu and respected his right to choose his own path. Liu is
looking forward to sharing his knowledge and skills with needy communities. He hopes his input can make a 10
(different) in distant Africa.
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司冠词
学习了a用于以辅音开头的名词或其修饰语前，an用于以元音开头的名词或其修饰语前，
初中要求
the表示语境中双方都知道或特指的用法，还学习不用冠词的一些情况
高中阶段，对于冠词的考查主要体现在特殊性、具体语境方面。因此仅仅掌握初中阶段
高中要求 的规律知识是不够的，还需要继续强化相关知识点，学会在具体语境下掌握冠词的用
法。
【初中冠词考点聚焦】
考点1.不定冠词
1.China is country with a history of more than 5，000 years.
A.the B.a C.an D./
2.Travelling to Yancheng， beautiful seaside city， is a fantastic experience.
A.a B.an C.the D./
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司考点二.定冠词
3.—Betty began to play violin at the age of four.
—No wonder she plays so well.
A.a B.an C.the D./
4.Autumn is best season to visit the Great Wall in China.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
考点三.零冠词
5.My family have breakfast together every day. This helps us start a day well.
A.不填 B.a C.an D.the
6.Yangzhou is city full of history， culture and mouthwatering food.
A.the;a B.a;a C.the; the D.a;/
【高中名词考点聚焦】
考纲解读
冠词几乎每年都有考查, 考查点主要包括: 1. 考查定冠词和不定冠词的基本用法。2. 考查定冠词和不
定冠词的特殊用法。抽象名词具体化前冠词的使用情况、比较级前冠词的使用情况。3. 考查冠词的泛指、
特指、类指和专指用法。4. 考查零冠词的运用。另外, 还涉及很多冠词与名词的固定搭配。
考点清单
一、使用不定冠词a(n)的十大场合
要点精讲1：
典型场合 典型示例
a用在辅音开头的单词前，an an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 an umbrella 一把伞
用在以元音开头单词前【不见
a university 一所大学 a European country 一个欧洲国家
元音不加 an，不看字母看发
音】 an unusual story 一个不同寻常的故事 an unhappy boy 一个不高兴的男孩
第一次提到的某人或某物之前 The panda is an endangered animal.熊猫是一种濒危动物。
泛指人或事物的某一类别 A plane is a machine that can fly. 飞机是一种能飞的机器。
用在表示数量、长度、时间等 The car moves 100 miles an hour.这辆小汽车以每小时100英里的速度行驶
的名词前，表示“每一”
Rome was not built in a day.罗马非一日建成。/冰冻三尺，非一日之寒。
不定冠词a/an用于抽象名词 The party was a great success.晚会开得很成功。
前，表示具体的人或事物
It’s a pleasure to work with you.与你一起工作是件乐事。
用于专有名词前，表示“某一 I want to be a Bill Gates.我想成为比尔·盖茨式的人物。
个”
用于序数词之前,表示重复 Soon I saw a second plane.不久我又看到了另一架飞机。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司用于最高级前意为“非常” This is a most interesting story.这是一个极为动人的故事。
用于物质名词的数量化 I’d like a tea and two coffees.请给我一杯茶和两杯咖啡。
与 have，take，make等连用 Take a look at these figures! 看一下这些数字吧！
结合语境用适当的冠词填空。
1. —Could you tell me the way to _______Johnsons please?
—Sorry, we don't have ______ Johnson here in the village.
2.Of all the subjects, I like history best because it gives us _______useful knowledge of things in the past.
3.There are _______ number of books in the library and _______ number of them is increasing.
4.What ________ pity that you couldn't be there to receive ________ prize!
5. The Wilsons live in ______ A-shaped house near the coast. It is ______ 17th century cottage.
6.—How about _______ Christmas evening party?
—I should say it was _______ success.
7.______ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ______ head.
8.First impressions are the most lasting. After all，you never get ______second chance to make _______first
impression.
9.The heavy rain lasted 3 hours on end and came to ______ end when the class was over.
10. Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.
二、使用定冠词the的十四个场合
典型场合 典型示例
表示双方都知道的人或物 Would you mind turning down the radio a little?请把收音机音量调小点好吗？
表示特指的或上文已提到过 Do you know the girl in red? 你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩么？
的人或事物。
The book on the table is mine. 桌子上的那本书是我的。
表示世界上独一无二的事 As is known to us, the earth moves around the sun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳转。
物，如日月星辰地球等
The sun can damage your skin. 阳光能损伤皮肤。
用在序数词前 He is the first person who knows the secret. 他是第一个知道这个秘密的人。
用在形容词最高级前 Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in China. 上海市中国最大的城市之一。
用于乐器的名称之前 She can play the piano quite beautifully. 她可以弹一手好钢琴。
用在姓氏的复数名词前表示 The Smiths lived in the apartment above ours. 史密斯夫妇住在我们楼上的公寓里。
一家人或夫妻俩
The Greens will move to the country. 格林一家要搬到乡下去。
与形容词连用表示一类人 The injured were taken to the nearest hospital.受伤的人被送到了最近的医院。
用在世纪、年代、时期或朝 The war broke out in the 1980s.战争爆发于20世纪80年代。
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司代的名词前
He moved to the south in his fifties.他五十几岁时搬到了南方。
用在由普通名词构成的专有 the United States of America美国 the People’s Republic of China 中国
名词前
the Communist Party of China中国共产党 the United Nations 联合国
江、河、湖、海、海峡、山 the Yellow River 黄河 the Pacific Ocean太平洋
脉、运河、岛屿等名词前
the Alps阿尔卑斯山 the Grand Canal大运河
用于接触身体部位结构 She patted him on the shoulder. 她碰了他的肩。
用于发明物的单数名词前 Who invented the telephone？ 电话是谁发明的？
用在表示方位名词之前 Jilin is in the north of China. 吉林位于中国的北部。
结合语境用适当的冠词填空。
1. I don’t know who invented ________ robot, but it’s really________ most wonderful invention.
2. It’s a shame that many tourists are still in ________ habit of writing silly things in public places.
3. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then, with ________ rise of science, changes began.
4.As is known to all, ______People’s Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world.
5._______more learned a man is, _______more modest he usually becomes.
6.He is in _______possession of that beautiful garden and the shop is in _______ possession of his brother.
7. This area experienced heaviest rainfall in month of May.
8. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on _______Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _____ thirteenth century.
9. There is an unhappy boy sitting on ________seat over there, who looks very sad.
10. I looked under _______bed and found _______book I lost last week.
三、零冠词的十大场合
零冠词典型场合 典型示例
物质名词、抽象名词前 Bread is made from flour.面包是用面粉做的。
表示职务、头衔的名词前 He was selected Chairman of the committee.他被选为委员会主席。
一日三餐名词前 We are going to movies after supper.晚饭后我们要去看电影。
运动、棋类、游戏等名词 He likes to play chess.他喜欢下棋。
前
星期、月份、季节等名词 Spring is the best season of the year.春天是一年中最好的季节。
前
西方节日名称前 April Fool’s Day 愚人节 Christmas Day 圣诞节
Easter 复活节 Father’s Day 父亲节
Thanksgiving Day 感恩节 Valentine’s Day 情人节
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司名词被限定词this，my， His heart was beating wildly with fear.他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。
some，no等修饰时
Go down this street.顺着这条道路往前走。
含有介词短语的独立主格 He entered the forest, gun in hand.他手拿枪进了森林。
复数名词表示类属时 Dogs are human beings’ friends. 狗是人类的朋友。
by表示交通工具的名词前 Every day he goes to school by bike. 他每天骑自行车上学。
单句改错。
1. For him the stage is just means of making a living.
2. If you buy more than ten, they knock 20 pence off price.
3. For a long time they walked without saying a word. Jim was the first to break silence.
4.Tom owns the larger collection of books than any other student in our class.
5. When you finish reading the book, you will have the better understanding of life.
6. As a rule, domestic servants doing odd jobs are paid by an hour.
7. I woke up with bad headache, yet by the evening the pain had gone.
8. It is generally accepted that a boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.
9. Experts think that the recently discovered painting may be Picasso.
10. Everything comes with a price; there is no such a thing as free lunch in the world.
一、单句语法填空(用单词的适当形式完成句子)
1. Zhu Dejun’s first job after graduating from college was as __________ road design engineer in his hometown.
2.It’s similar to Jupiter, a giant gas planet in __________ (we) solar system.
3. As __________ result, they put on an average of 0.77 kg on the processed diet, while they lost 1.08 kg on the
healthy diet.
4. The art used to be welcomed by people of all ages in rural areas. However, in __________ 1980s, with the
popularity of films and TV shows, it started to lose its shine and many performers moved on to other jobs.
5. Saxaul trees are __________ excellent tree species for sand fixation. It’s commonly seen, though easily
ignored.
6. In __________ Song Dynasty, an instrument was also invented to indicate direction, called the compass fish,
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司which floated on water.
7. He also said roads aren’t designed to make __________ safe for bicyclists to share the road with cars.
8. Hua Weiguang, __________ retired teacher from Tongliao, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is a
photography enthusiast.
9. In addition to saving lives and nourishing the body, __________ magic of traditional Chinese medicine has
existed in various aspects of Chinese life.
10. Earlier this year, 11-year-old Kashmea Wahi of London, England scored 162 on __________ intelligence
quotient (IQ) test.
11. Last year, a powerful computer calculated pi to record-breaking 62.8 trillion (万亿) figures. And in 2005, one
23-year-old used clever mental tricks to recite nearly 68,000 of those figures from memory. No one, though, will
ever get to __________ end of pi.
12. Most students are required to take part in the labor class once per week. Since September, labor class has been
listed as __________ official course in the school lives of primary and middle school students.
13. The Jiahu settlement is located in the central plain of ancient China, __________ area known today as the
Henan Province. The people created the country’s oldest recognized civilization.
Students control shadow puppets(皮影木偶)as the singing voice of 71-
year-old Liu Aibang echoes(回荡)across the classroom. They use thin straight
pieces of wood to make shadow puppets step onto the" stage"—a cloth
screen. Those sitting in front of the stage play music on drums, suona horns
and other instruments.
This is a Daoqing shadow puppetry class at Longdong University. Except Liu,the other performers of the show
are all college students.
Starting in the Han Dynasty, Daoqing shadow puppetry has been included in the national intangible cultural
heritage list(国家非物质文化遗产名录)since 2006.For years, shadow plays were welcomed by people of all ages.
and were often performed during the festivals. However, with films and TV series becoming popular in the
late1980s,many performers moved on to other jobs. Faced with the choice between protecting this art and making a
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司good living, Liu chose to stay on.
One day in 2020, Liu received a phone call from Zhao Zhixue. head of the music school at Longdong
University. Zhao told him that the school planned to introduce Daoqing shadow puppetry into college classrooms
and develop young students' long-term interest in intangible cultural heritage. Excited by the news. Liu dropped his
farmwork and became a part-time teacher at the college.
Liu hopes to train more young people." Just as true love is not a one-man show the learning and keeping of
cultural heritage needs efforts(努力）from both the old and the young," Liu said.
1.Where do music performers sit during the shadow puppetry class?
2.When was Daoqing shadow puppetry included in the national intangible cultural heritage list?
3. What did many performers do when films and TV series became popular in the late 1980s?
4.How did Liu feel on hearing about the news from Zhao Zhixue?
5.What’s the meaning of Liu's words in the last paragraph?
学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司
