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绝密★启用前
2011年全国横士研究生招生考试
英语（一）
（科目代码:201）
☆考生注意事项女
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定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
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写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “ a bodily exercise
precious to health. ” But ] some claims to the contrary, laughing probably
has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in
the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen
consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 , a good laugh is
unlikely to have 5 benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.
6 , instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does,
laughter apparently accomplishes the 7. Studies dating back to the 1930s
indicate that laughter 8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes
after the laugh dies down.
Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of
psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other
types of 10 feedback that improve an individuaFs emotional state. 11
one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical
reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry
13 they are sad but that they become sad when the tears begin to flow.
Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can
flow 15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social
psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wurzburg in Germany asked
volunteers to 16 a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial
smile—or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those
forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusiastically to funny
cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, 19 that
expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around.
20 , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.
英语（一）试题.1.（共14页）1. A. among B. except C. despite D. like
2. A. reflect B. demand C. indicate D. produce
3. A. stabilizing B. boosting C. impairing D. determining
4. A. transmit B. sustain C. evaluate D. observe
5. A. measurable B. manageable C. affordable D. renewable
6. A. In turn B. In fact C. In addition D. In brief
7. A. opposite B. impossible C. average D. expected
8. A. hardens B. weakens C. tightens D. relaxes
9. A. aggravate B. generate C. moderate D. enhance
10. A. physical B. mental C. subconscious D. internal
11. A. Except for B. According to C. Due to D. As for
12. A. with B. on C.in D. at
13. A. unless B. until C.if D. because
14. A. exhausts B. follows C. precedes D. suppresses
15. A. into B. from C. towards D. beyond
16. A. fetch B. bite C. pick D. hold
17. A. disappointed B. excited C. joyful D. indifferent
18. A. adapted B. catered C. turned D. reacted
19. A. suggesting B. requiring C. mentioning D. supposing
20. A. Eventually B. Consequently C. Similarly D. Conversely
Section n Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
英语（一）试题.2.（共14页）Text 1
The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next
music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden
announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has
been favorable, to say the least. "Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini,
a sober-sided classical-music critic.
One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however,
is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had
advocated Gilbert's appointment in the Times, calls him "an unpretentious
musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him. " As a description of
the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like
Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some
Times readers as faint praise.
For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a
good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting
compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or
anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to
my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music
from iTunes.
Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live
performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art
loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera
houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the
recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These
recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in
artistic quality than today9s live performances； moreover, they can be
"consumed" at a time and place of the listener's choosing. The widespread
availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of
the traditional classical concert.
One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new
music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert's own interest in new music has
been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a
man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into " a markedly different, more
vibrant organization. " But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely
expanding the orchestra's repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the
Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between
America's oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.
英语（一）试题.3.（共14页）21. We learn from Paragraph 1 that Gilbert's appointment has•
A. incurred criticism
B. raised suspicion =
C. received acclaim
D. aroused curiosity
22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is・
A. influential
B. modest
C. respectable
D. talented
23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers.
A. ignore the expenses of live performances
B. reject most kinds of recorded performances
C. exaggerate the variety of live performances
D. overestimate the value of live performances
24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?
A. They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.
B. They are easily accessible to the general public.
C. They help improve the quality of music.
D. They have only covered masterpieces.
25. Regarding Gilbert's role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels
A. doubtful
B. enthusiastic
C. confident
D. puzzled
英语（一）试题.4.（共14页）Text 2
When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his
explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual
vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving " to pursue my goal of
running a company. " Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,M
McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board
of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on
September 29.
McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on
what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the
outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn't alone. In recent weeks the
No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that
they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in
response to shareholder pressure, executives who don't get the nod also may wish
to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious
of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.
As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more
willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was
down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had,
according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will
abound for aspiring leaders.
The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is
unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule
that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says
Kom/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: "I can't think of a single search I've
done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first. n
Those who jumped without a job haven't always landed in top positions
quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade ago, saying she
wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet
based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with
ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution
three years later.
Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The
financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad
one. "The traditional rule was it9s safer to stay where you are, but that5s been
fundamentally inverted,n says one headhunter. "The people who've been hurt
the worst are those who've stayed too long."
英语（一）试题.5.（共14页）26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as
being.
A. arrogant ”
B. frank
C. self-centered
D. impulsive
27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives9 quitting may be spurred
by.
A. their expectation of better financial status
B. their need to reflect on their private life
C. their strained relations with the boards
D. their pursuit of new career goals
28. The word “poached" (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means.
A. approved of
B. attended to
C. hunted for
D. guarded against
29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that.
A. top performers used to cling to their posts
B. loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated
C. top performers care more about reputations
D. it's safer to stick to the traditional rules
30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. CEOs: Where to Go?
B. CEOs: All the Way Up?
C. Top Managers Jump without a Net
D. The Only Way Out for Top Performers
英语（一）试题.6.（共14页）Text 3
The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid
for. No longer. While traditional "paid" media—such as television commercials
and print advertisements—still play a major role, companies today can exploit
many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may
create “earned” media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may
leverage "owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to
customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the
process of making purchase decisions means that marketing's impact stems from a
broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.
Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own
products. For earned media, such marketers act as the initiator for users'
responses. But in some cases, one marketer's owned media become another
marketer's paid media—for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space
on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so
strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within
that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively
began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no
doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created Baby Center, a
stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive
products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the
site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information
about the appeal of other companies9 marketing, and may help expand user traffic
for all companies concerned.
The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with
more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk
that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and
much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned
media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, other stakeholders,
or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of
social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply
pressure on the businesses that originally created them.
If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to
boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a
case, the company's response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and
the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some
of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and
well-orchestrated social-media response cam盼ign, which included efforts to
engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site
Digg-
英语（一）试题.7.（共14页）31. Consumers may create “earned" media when they are
A. obsessed with online shopping at certain Web sites
B. inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them
C. eager to help their friends promote quality products
D. enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products
32. According to Paragraph 2, sold media feature.
A. a safe business environment
B. random competition
C. strong user traffic
D. flexibility in organization
33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media
A. invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers
B. can be used to produce negative effects in marketing
C. may be responsible for fiercer competition
D. deserve all the negative comments about them
34. Toyota Motor's experience is cited as an example of.
A. responding effectively to hijacked media
B. persuading customers into boycotting products
C. cooperating with supportive consumers
D. taking advantage of hijacked media
35. Which of the following is the text mainly about?
A. Alternatives to conventional paid media.
B. Conflict between hijacked and earned media.
C. Dominance of hijacked media.
D. Popularity of owned media.
英语（一）试题.8.（共14页）Text 4
It's no surprise that Jennifer Senior's insightful, provocative magazine cover
story, “I Love My Children, I Hate My Life," is arousing much chatter一nothing
gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a
completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that
children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to
redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by
moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense
condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-
crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen
our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight. M
The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is
hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are
also stories about newly adoptive—and newly single—mom Sandra Bullock, as
well as the usual u Jennifer Aniston is pregnantv news. Practically every week
features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.
In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that
admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten
killing? It doesn't seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the
regrets of the childless. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they
shouldn't have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the
message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously
their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.
Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly
and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single
mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are
less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No
shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to
lean on； yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their "own"
(read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.
It's hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just
because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand
that a baby is not a haircut. But it's interesting to wonder if the images we see
every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren't in some small,
subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual
experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel,J
might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.
英语（一）试题.9.（共14页）36. Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring.
A. temporary delight
B. enjoyment in progress ”
C. happiness in retrospect
D. lasting reward
37. We learn from Paragraph 2 that.
A. celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip
B. single mothers with babies deserve greater attention
C. news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining
D. having children is highly valued by the public
38. It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks.
A. are constantly exposed to criticism
B. are largely ignored by the media
C. fail to fulfill their social responsibilities
D. are less likely to be satisfied with their life
39. According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines
is.
A. soothing
B. ambiguous
C. compensatory
D. misleading
40. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.
B. Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.
C. Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.
D. We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.
英语（一）试题.10.（共14页）Part B
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you
are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from
the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have
been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
A. No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the
humanities. You can, Mr. Menand points out, become a lawyer in three years
and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral
degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all
doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.
B. His concern is mainly with the humanities: literature, languages, philosophy
and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American
college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and
4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their
undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every
educated person should possess. But most find it difficult to agree on what a
general educationn should look like. At Harvard, Mr. Menand notes, uthe
great books are read because they have been read"—they form a sort of social
glue.
C. Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which
they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly
because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want
to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor's
degrees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewer students require fewer
teachers. So, at the end of a decade of thesis-writing, many humanities
students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been
trained.
D. One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they cut
across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts education
and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different
schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of
Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors
and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking
on a professional qualification.
E. Besides professionalising the professions by this separation, top American
universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money
英语（一）试题.11.（共14页）for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose
fourfold between 1960 and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as
research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral
degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969 a
third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind
professionalisation, argues Mr. Menand, is that "the knowledge and skills
needed for a particular specialisation are transmissible but not transferable. v
So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge,
but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.
F. The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr. Menand, is to alter the way
in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.Otherwise, academics will
continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies
which they study, investigate and criticise. Academic inquiry, at least in some
fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic. " Yet quite how
that happens, Mr. Menand does not say.
G. The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and
Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking
of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere.
For something curious has been happening in American universities, and Louis
Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.
| G l—Rl. |t|42. ]—| E 一|44. |-»|45. |
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into
Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
(10 points)
With its theme that "Mind is the master weaver," creating our inner
character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinketh by James Allen is
an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.
(46) Allen's contribution was to take an assumption we all share—that
because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts—and reveal its
erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter,
we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless ； this allows us to think
one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind
generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able
英语（一）试题.12.（共14页）to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we
are continually faced with a question: "Why cannot I make myself do this or
achieve that?"
Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not
accord with desire, Allen concluded: "We do not attract what we want, but what
we are. " Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external
achievement； you don't "get" success but become it. There is no gap between
mind and matter.
Part of the fame of Allen's book is its contention that uCircumstances do not
make a person, they reveal him. " (48) This seems a justification for neglect of
those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at
the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.
This, however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each
set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If
circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity
would never have progressed. In fact, (49) circumstances seem to be designed
to bring out the best in us, and if we feel that we have been "wronged” then
we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation.
Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person9s early life and its conditions
are often the greatest gift to an individual.
The sobering aspect of Allen's book is that we have no one else to blame
for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities
contained in knowing that everything is up to us； where before we were experts in
the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.
Section ID Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Write a letter to a friend of yours to
1) recommend one of your favorite movies and
2) give reasons for your recommendation.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
英语（一）试题.13.（共14页）Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your
essay, you should
1) describe the drawing briefly,
2) explain its intended meaning, and
3) give your comments.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
旅程之“余”
2011年考研英语疆'真题答案速查表
1 ~ 5 CDBBA 6 ~10 BADCA 11 ~ 15 BCDCB 16 ~ 20 DADAC 21 ~25 CBDBA
26 ~30 BDCAC 31 ~35 DCBAA 36 ~40 CDADB 41 ~45 BDACF
46. 艾伦的贡献在于，他抓住了“我们并非机器人，因此能掌控自己的思想”这一公认的假设，
并揭示了其谬误所在。
47. 尽管我们或许可以仅仅通过显意识来维持这种能够控制自己思想的错觉，但现实中我们
却总是面临这样一个问题:“为什么我不能让自己做这件事或完成那件事呢?”
48. 这似乎是在为忽视贫困人群的行为做辩护，为剥削、为社会上层人群的优越及社会底层人
群的卑微找理由。
49. 环境似乎旨在激发我们自身的最大潜能，如果我们觉得自己遭受了“不公”，那么就不太
可能有意识地去努力摆脱自己的处境。
50. 其积极的一面在于:既然知道了万事都取决于我们自己，那么就存在无限可能；以前，我
们是谙熟各种局限的专家，而现在，我们成为掌控一切可能的权威。
英语（一）试题.14.（共14页）宿管阿姨,开门呐!
|等阿姨开门？不如先用闪过背单词！ |
考研词汇用闪过
划重点,省时间!
