文档内容
英语专项练习（一）
Part I Reading Comprehension
Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part.
Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished
statements. For each of them there are four choices
marked A., B., C. and D. You should decide on the best
choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer
Sheet with a single line through the center.
Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:
If the salinity of ocean water is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place
to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three
basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction
of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to
water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this
is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by
the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.
The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to
the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may
occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean.
Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or
decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.
Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is
somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much
evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is
somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.
A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and
melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In
this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity
than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it well tend to
decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.
In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a
result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy
water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of oceans of the world.
1. What is the main topic of the passage?
A. Where do we get our table salt?
B. Oceanic salinity in tropical regions
C. Three basic processes that alter oceanic salinity
D. Variations of salinity in different parts of the ocean
2. According to the author, the oceanic salinity is usually lower in _____.A. tropical regions
B. coastal regions
C. places in which warm currents and cold currents meet
D. the Antarctica
3. All of the following are processes that decrease ocean salinity except _____.
A. precipitation B. runoff C. melting D. evaporation
4. What does the word “subtraction" in the fourth line of the first paragraph mean?
A. reduction B. influx C. transformation D. freezing
5. Which of the following is NOT a result of the formation of ice in oceans?
A. The surrounding water sinks.
B. The water becomes denser.
C. Water salinity decreases.
D. The surrounding water becomes colder.
Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:
More than a century ago, the relationship between glacial ice and the amount of water
in the ocean basins was first seen. When the great ice sheet covered vast land areas,
the sea level was lowered because the normal return of water from land to the ocean
was reduced. As a result, the sea level rose as Ice Age glaciers melted allowing the
melted waters to flow into the ocean. If all the glacial ice on the surface of the earth
today should melt, the sea level might rise by more than 150 feet. Shoreline variations
are also produced through elevation or depression of the land. During times of glacier
formations the great weight of the ice slowly depressed the earth's crust. Removal of
the weight through glacier melting allowed the slow return of the crust to its former
position. Changes in the Great Ice climates from cool and wet to warm and dry
produced climate changes far from the glaciated area. For example, at times of cool-
wet glacial climates, levels of inland lakes rose, in contrast to the depression of sea
level. During the warm-dry interglacial climates, lake levels were lowered. The
ancient lake Bonneville, largest of the glacial lakes in Western United States, once
covered more than 20,000 square miles. It had a maximum depth of more than 1,000
feet. Great Salt Lake in Utah is the shrunken remnant of this once large lake.
Although the first time that early man walked on the earth is uncertain, he is largely a
product of the Great Ice Age. Present information shows that during this time he
evolved rapidly both physically and culturally. His most primitive tools and skeletal
remains have been found in some of the oldest deposits contemporary with the Great
Ice Age in Africa, Asia and Europe. These are often associated with remains of extinct
animals. With the disappearance of the great ice sheets, the Bronze and Iron Age
cultures evolved. About this time many animals suited to cooler climates died.
Although much remains to be learned, the story of the Great Ice Age is being unfolded
through the efforts of specialists in many fields. Recording field observation, new
theories and methods, and worldwide studies of existing glaciers are bringing a
clearer understanding of the Great Ice Age.
6. Which of the following is NOT implied in the passage?
A. Man has a lot more to learn about the Great Ice Age.B. The art of making tools was instrumental in bringing about the evolution of human
brain.
C. Many species were not suited to the warmer climates of the Bronze and Iron Age.
D. The relationship between glacial ice and the amount of water in the ocean basins
was not seen until more than a hundred years ago.
7. According to the article, which of the following will induce the depression of sea
level?
A. formation of great masses of ice sheet on the land
B. precipitation
C. shoreline variations
D. the advent of warm-dry interglacial climates
8. Why does the author cite the example of the Great Salt Lake in Utah?
A. to show that it is a lake created in the Great Ice Age
B. to show that it once was the largest lake in the United States
C. to show that it evolved from the Bronze and Iron Age
D. to show that it is what remained of the once large lake Bonneville
9. Which of the following can be learned about early man based on the information
provided in the passage?
A. The exact time of his appearance on the Earth is uncertain.
B. He evolved rapidly physically and culturally during the Bronze and Iron Age.
C. The ability to make primitive tools distinguished man from other animals.
D. Early man lived mainly on animals hunted.
10. The best source of information about the Great Ice Age is obtained from _____.
A. rock formations
B. fossil remains
C. primitive tools used by early man
D. Antarctica's ancient glacier
Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:
Prolonging human life has increased the size of the human population. Many people
alive today would have died of childhood diseases if they had been born a hundred
years ago. Because more people live longer, there are more people around at any
given time. In fact, it is a decrease in death rates, not an increase in birth rates, that
has led to the population explosion.
Prolonging human life has also increased the dependency load. In all societies, people
who are disabled or too young or too old to work are dependent on the rest of society
to provide for them. In hunting and gathering cultures, old people who could not keep
up might be left behind to die. In times of famine, infants might be allowed
to die because they could not survive if their parents starved, whereas if the
parents survived they could have another child. In most contemporary (当代的)
societies, people feel a moral obligation to keep people alive whether they can work
or not. We have a great many people today who live past the age at which they want
to work or are able to work; we also have rules which require people to retire at a
certain age. Unless these people were able to save money for their retirement,somebody else must support them. In the United States many retired people live on
social security checks which are so little that they must live in near poverty. Older
people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have wealth
or private or government insurance, they must often go on welfare if they have a
serious illness.
When older people become senile or too weak to care for themselves, they create
grave problems for their families. In the past and in some traditional cultures, they
would be cared for at home until they died. Today, with most members of a household
working or in school, there is often no one at home who can care for a sick
or weak person. To meet this need, a great many nursing homes and
convalescent (康复的) hospitals have been built. These are often profit-making
organizations, although some are sponsored (赞助) by religious and other
nonprofit groups. While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are
simply dumping grounds for the dying in which care is given by poorly paid,
overworked, and under-skilled personnel.
11. What was the cause to the population growth according to the passage?
A. increase of birth rate
B. advance in medical care
C. well-administered social welfare
D. the decrease of death rate
12. It can be learned from the passage that in some traditional societies _____.
A. infants may be left to die when there isn't enough food to go around
B. old and sick people are cared for at home until they died
C. people are required to retire at a certain age
D. people who are too weak or ill have to take care of themselves
13. What does the word “senile” in the first line of the last paragraph mean?
A. advanced in age B. sick
C. disabled D. capricious
14. What is the author's attitude toward the nursing homes and convalescent hospitals
mentioned in the paragraph?
A. suspicious B. optimistic C. neutral D. critical
Questions 15 to 20 are based on the following passage:
Although we already know a great deal about influenza, and although the World
Health Organization is constantly collecting detailed information from its chain of
influenza reference laboratories throughout the world, it is extremely difficult for
epidemiologists (流行病专家), who study infectious disease, to predict when
and where the next flu epidemic will occur, and how severe it will be.
There are three kinds of influenza virus, known as A, B and C. Influenza C virus is
relatively stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through the
population. The A and B types are unstable, and are responsible for the epidemics that
cause frequent concern. Following any virus attack, the human body builds up
antibodies which confer immunity to that strain of virus, but a virus with the capacity
to change its character is able to by-pass this protection. Variability is less developedin the influenza B virus, which affects only human beings. An influenza B virus may
cause a widespread epidemic but will have little effect if introduced into the same
community soon afterwards, since nearly everyone will have built up antibodies and
will be immune. The influenza A virus, which affects animals also, is extremely
unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of the disease, such as the
unparalleled pandemic, or world epidemic, of 1918-1919, when about half the world's
population were infected and about twenty million people died, some from
pneumonia caused by the virus itself and some from secondary
complications(并发症) caused by bacteria.
Accurate prediction is difficult because of the complication of the factors. A particular
virus may be related to one to which some of the population have partial involved
immunity. The extent to which it will spread will depend on factors such as its own
strength, or virulence, the ease with which it can be transmitted and the strength of the
opposition it encounters. Scientists, however, have a reliable general picture of the
world situation. Influenza A attacks us in waves every two or three years, while
influenza B, which travels more slowly, launches its main assaults every three to six
years. The outbreaks vary from isolated cases to epidemics involving a tenth or more
of the population. We may confidently prophesy that sooner or later large numbers of
people will be feeling the unpleasant effects of some kind of influenza virus.
15. Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage?
A. Symptoms of Influenza
B. Man Versus Virus
C. World Health Organization: Forefront against Influenza Virus
D. Variability of Influenza Virus
16. According to the author, which of the following is NOT true about influenza?
A. Man has obtained a great deal of knowledge about influenza.
B. The occurrence of influenza is still unpredictable.
C. Influenza is being studied extensively and systematically in many countries in the
world under the guidance of World Health Organization.
D. No reliable treatment of influenza has yet been found.
17. What does the author say about the influenza B virus?
A. B virus is relatively stable and causes mild infections that do not spread far through
the population.
B. B virus is unstable, and is responsible for the epidemics that cause frequent
concern.
C. B virus is extremely unstable and is responsible for some of the worst outbreaks of
the disease.
D. B virus has a very developed variability, and it affects only human beings.
18. Which of the following is the most dangerous virus according to the passage?
A. influenza A virus
B. influenza B virus
C. influenza C virus
D. it cannot be determined by the information provided
19. What does the word “assault” in the eighth line of the last paragraph mean?A. influence B. attack C. symptom D. damage
20. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to the extent to
which a virus spreads?
A. the strength of the virus
B. the strength of the opposition the virus encounters
C. the ease with which the virus can be transmitted
D. the immunity the virus can induce
Part II Vocabulary and Structure
Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this
part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A.,
B., C. and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the
sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the
Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.
21. The facts he supplied were not relevant _____the case in question.
A. with B. to C. for D. about
22. A committee has been _____ by the counsel to look into the causes of
unemployment.
A. designed B. devised C. worked D. set up
23. Few articles in the newspapers _____more attention than that reporting the murder
case with O.J. Simpson involved.
A. enlist B. divert C. draw D. absorb
24. Julia _____two children since she got married in 1990.
A. gives birth to B. has given birth to
C. has been giving birth to D. gave birth to
25. The hospital was built on the side of a river, hence _____.
A. it has the name Riverside B. given the name Riverside
C. has got the name Riverside D. the name Riverside
26. It took them several weeks to _____the wild horse.
A. cultivate B. civilize C. curb D. tame
27. By the time you graduate, we _____in Australia for one year.
A. will be staying B. will have stayed
C. would have stayed D. have stayed
28. He appreciated _____the chance to deliver his thesis in the annual symposium on
Comparative Literature.
A. having given B. to have been given
C. to have given D. having been given
29. They left for the airport very early in the morning _____traffic jam.
A. in line with B. at the risk of
C. in case of D. for the sake of
30. Living in the desert involves a lot of problems, _____water shortage is the worst.
A. not to mention B. of whichC. let alone D. for what
31. The government official can hardly find sufficient grounds _____his arguments in
favor of the revision of the tax law.
A. on which to base B. which to be based on
C. to base on which D. on which to be based
32. Hydrogen is one of the most important element in the universe _____it provides
the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.
A. so that B. but that
C. provided that D. in that
33. Just as relaxation is an important part of our lives, _____ stress.
A. so is B. as it is
C. and so is D. the same is
34. While a young man, he decided to put aside a little money every month to make
for his old age.
A. provision B. supply C. adjustment D. insurance
35. The sales department has submitted a _____of their annual sales report to the
board of directors.
A. schedule B. sketch C. shorthand D. scheme
36. It would be difficult for anyone to behave in a _____way when one is in a furious
state.
A. rational B. legal C. stable D. credible
37. The final exams approached, _____the students became more and more nervous.
A. notwithstanding B. for
C. although D. as
38. Vingo took a bus and headed for home, if his wife would have _____him back.
A. not to know B. not known
C. not knowing D. not having known
39. We can make an exception _____.
A. in any case of John B. in case of John
C. in case of John's D. in the case of John
40. When the Cultural Revolution was launched in China, his father _____college.
A. attended B. had been attending
C. was attending D. has been attending
41. It's not safe to carry valuables around here. You'd better _____them in the hotel
safe along with your passport.
A. save B. hide C. pack D. deposit
42. To proof-read these piles of documents is very time _____.
A. consuming B. spending C. expending D. wasting
43. According to the weather _____, tomorrow will be overcast and dull.
A. forecast B. foreword C. premonition D. prophecy
44. Armed with all the first-hand evidence, I was able to _____his argument in the
court.
A. deny B. refuse C. contradict D. refute
45. This information doesn't shed any light _____the problem.A. in B. toward C. on D. to
46. They feel they are justified _____the child because he was not behaving himself.
A. to punish B. to be punishing
C. in punishing D. punishing
47. We can't just _____his guilt. We've got to have some hard evidence to prove it.
A. assume B. presume C. believe in D. guess
48. _____in the first round of the competition, our team took the earliest flight back.
A. Being knocked out B. Having been knocked out
C. We were knocked out D. We had been knocked out
49. If the door was not forced open, _____that the burglar must have had a key.
A. it follows B. it is followed
C. following is D. it will be followed
50. The famous football star was _____ with the murder of his ex-wife and her
boyfriend.
A. convicted B. charged C. blamed D. accused
Part III Error Correction
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In
this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in
each numbered line. You may have to add a word, cross out
a word, or change a word. If you add a word, put an
insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the
missing word in the blank. If you cross out a word, put a
slash (/) in the blank. If you change a word, cross it
out and write the correct word in the corresponding
blank.
Most speakers are surprising to learn that people who 51._____
speak only one language form a minority of the world's
population that most people function in two or more languages. 52._____
While few people are truly balanced bilinguals or polyglots
who feel equal comfortable with all languages, 53._____
the fact is that most of the world's population functions
in more than language. Given this, it's somewhat surprising 54._____
that so much attention is paid to the English-speaking world
to the matter of learning a additional language. If so many 55._____
people seem to do it so easily, then just what is the problem?
The simplest answer is that there really isn't one.
Giving ample opportunity and time, most people can learn as 56._____
many languages as they want or need to. But as teachers
charged with the responsibility of adding English to the
linguistic inventory of non-English-speaking children, we
must be concerned precisely these matters—providing ample 57._____and effective opportunity and using time as effectively as possible.
This chapter will look briefly how children become bilingual. 58._____
First, we'll examine the conditions lead to bilingualism 59._____
in preschoolers, then we'll turn our attention to language
learning in the classroom. In focusing on the differences between
language acquisition at home and at school, we'll see that there's
the potential for conflict from children's informal language 60._____
learning in the home and the more formal experience of the school.
Part IV Translation from English to Chinese
Directions: In this part, there are five items, which you
should translate into Chinese, each item consists of one
or two sentence. These sentences are all taken from the
reading passages you have just read in the Second Part of
the Test Paper.
You are allowed 15 minutes to do the translation. You can
refer back to the passages so as to identify their
meanings in the context.
61.
Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is
somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much
evaporation.
62.
Although much remains to be learned, the story of the Great Ice Age is being unfolded
through the efforts of specialists in many fields. Recording field observation, new
theories and methods, and worldwide studies of existing glaciers are bringing a
clearer understanding of the Great Ice Age.
63.
Older people have more illness than young or middle-aged people; unless they have
wealth or private or government insurance, they must often “go on welfare" if they
have a serious illness.
64.
While a few of these institutions are good, most of them are simply “dumping
grounds“ for the dying in which “care" is given by poorly paid, overworked, and
under-skilled personnel.65.
Following any virus attack, the human body builds up antibodies which confer
immunity to that strain of virus, but a virus with the capacity to change its character is
able to by-pass this protection.
Part V Short Answer Questions
Directions: In this part, there is a short passage with
five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage
carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the
statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10
words).
For most of us, work is the central, dominating fact of life. We spend more than half
our conscious hours at work, preparing for work, travelling to and from work. What
we do there largely determines our standard of living and to a considerable extent the
status we are accorded by our fellow citizens as well. It is sometimes said that because
leisure has become more important the indignities and injustices of work can be
pushed into a corner, that because most work is pretty intolerable, the people who do
it should compensate for its boredom, frustrations and humiliations by concentrating
their hopes on the other parts of their lives. I reject that as a counsel of despair. For the
foreseeable future the material and psychological rewards which work can provide,
and the conditions in which work is done, will continue to play a vital part in
determining the satisfaction that life can offer. Yet only a small minority can control
the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done; only for a
small minority does work offer scope for creativity, imagination, or initiative.
Inequality at work and in work is still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of
inequality in our society. We cannot hope to solve the more obvious problems of
industrial life, many of which arise directly or indirectly from the frustrations created
by inequality at work, unless we tackle it headon. Still less can we hope to
create a decent and humane society.
Questions:
66. According to the author, people judge others mainly by
_____________________________________________.
67. The author believes that and the conditions in which work is done
_____________________________________________ will continue to play a vital
part in determining the satisfaction that life can offer.
68. The author believes that _____________________________________________is
still one of the cruelest and most glaring forms of inequality in our society.
69. The author believes that only _______________________________________can
control the pace at which they work or the conditions in which their work is done.
70. The author will go on to discuss ___________________________________in thefollowing paragraph.
Part VI Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to
write a composition on the title Water Shortage according
to the following OUTLINE given in Chinese. Your part of
writing should be no less than 120 words.
1. 缺水的现状。
2. 缺水的原因。
3. 解决的办法。参考答案
Part I Reading Comprehension
1. D。文章的主要内容是在不同的地区和地理、温度、气候条件下海洋的盐度。
2. B。根据文中信息，在沿岸地区，因为有淡水河流的注入，所以盐度较低。
3. D。文中第一段指出，蒸发使海洋失去水分，留下了盐分，盐的浓度就此增
加。降水、径流、溶化都是减少盐分的过程。
4. A。subtraction的意思是“减少，抽走”。
5. C。文中很明确指出，海洋中冰的形成会引起盐度的增加。所以 C显然不是
海水结冰的结果。
6. B。工具的制造对人脑的进化起到了至关重要的作用，这一点并未在文中提
到。
7. A。文中开头提到当大片的陆地面积被冰所覆盖时，因为注入海洋的地表径
流量减少，使得海平面下降。
8. D。作者在第一段的结尾处举大盐湖的例子是为了说明它是一度覆盖 2000平
方英里的波那维尔湖因为在间冰期的温暖干燥时期湖面下降而逐渐缩小面积而
形成的。
9. A。文中第二段的开头指出，人类最初出现在地球上的时间还不能最后确定。
10. C。文中第二段指出，发现的人类在冰河时代的工具和人骨可以帮助人们对
冰河时代的情况有更多的了解。
11. D。文中第一段指出，人口的增加并不是因为出生率的增加，而是死亡率的
下降。
12. B。文章第二段说明，在过去的、传统型的社会中，老人一般在自己的家里
得到照料直到寿终正寝。
13. A。senile的意思是“年老的”。
14. D。从文章的最后一段可以看出，作者对于那些疗养院是持批评的态度，用
的 大 多 是 贬 义 词 。 如 dumping grounds ， poorly paid, overworked, 和
underskilled。
15. B。文章讨论的主要话题是不同的感冒病毒对人的影响，所以最合适的题目
是“人和病毒”。
16. D。文章并没有提到人们还没有找到任何治疗感冒的良方。
17. B。文章第二段开头指出，B型病毒不稳定，而且往往会引起大范围的传染
病的传播。
18. A。通过文章的介绍，可以看出，A型病毒是这三种病毒中对人类危害的一
种，因为它不稳定，并会造成危害性极大的流感的传播。
19. B。assault的意思是“袭击”。
20. D。文章最后一段说明，病毒传播的程度和它本身的强度，它遇到的抵抗力和它传播的难易程度都是密切相关的。但是文章没有提到病毒能带来的免疫力。
Part III Vocabulary and Structure
21. B。relevant to：相关，切题。
22. D。“成立一个委员会”：to set up a committee。set up在这里是“创立、
开办、建立”的意思。
23. C。draw attention to something: 把某人的注意力吸引到……上来。也可以
说attract one's attention to something。
24. B。give birth to：生子，产崽。因为有完成时态的标志词 since，所以必须
用现在完成时。
25. D。hence是个副词，“因此”。这个词较正式，用法也较特殊，后面的动
词经常省略。直接跟名词、形容词。
26. D。tame：驯服。cultivate：耕种。civilize：使文明。curb：给马上马缰。控
制，抑制，约束。
27. B。将来完成时常常和 by 和 not. until＋时间名词以及如 build, complete,
finish等表示完成意义的动词连用。另外在believe, hope, suppose(料想)等动词
后面，也常常用将来完成时。比如：I expect you will have changed your mind
by tomorrow. 我预料你明天就会变主意了。
28. D。在下列动词后面如果紧跟另一个动词或者是助动词have，则这些动词必
须以ing形式出现。不可以用不定式。Admit, appreciate, avoid, delay, deny,
detest, discontinue, dislike, dispute, enjoy, escape, excuse, explain, fancy, feel
like, finish, forgive, can't help, hinder, imagine, mention, mind, miss, it
necessitates. pardon, postpone, practice, prevent, recall, report, resent, resist,
risk, suggest, understand。
29. C。in case of：万一，以防。等于for fear there should be。有时可以省略
of和后面的介词宾语。比如：They brought an umbrella just in case. For the
sake of：为了……
30. B。which引导非限定性定语从句。指代前文的problems。
31. A。to base something on something：把……建立在……的基础上。这里
which 指代的是grounds。
32. D。in that在这里相当于一个连词because。再比如：
This tribe has a very strange custom in that they always leave the corpse of
their deceased relatives exposed until the vultures eat the flesh up. 这个部族有
个非常奇怪的风俗，因为他们总是把死去的亲人的尸体暴露直到秃鹰吃光它们
的肉。
33. A。as. so.正如同…… ……也是…… 常用来连接两个并列的名词。比如：
Just as Hong Kong is one of the biggest financial centers in the world, so is New
York.
正如同香港是世界最大的金融中心，纽约也是。
34. A。 provision：预备，防备。
to make provisions for the future：为将来作好准备。
35. B。 sketch：草稿。schedule：时间表。shorthand：速记。scheme：策划。
36. A。rational：有理性的。
37. D。as：当……的时候。在这里是连词。
38. C。not knowing.是分词短语作状语。表示动作发生的背景或者情况。39. D。in the case of.就……而言，对……来说。
40. C。因为when引导的时间状语从句有较明确的“一点时间”，用过去进行
时最好。
41. D。deposit：存，存放。pack：收拾行李，装箱。
42. A。timeconsuming：花时间的。给这么一大叠文件检查拼写错误是非常
花时间的。
43. A。weather forecast：天气预报。foreword：前言。premonition：预兆。
prophecy：预言。
44. D。refute：驳斥，用推理的方式驳斥别人的争论。
contradict：仅仅是反对，也可用来表示论述或者事物之间明显的不协调。
deny表示对某一指控或是责难的否决。
45. C。throw/cast/shed light on：使显得明朗，阐明，弄清
This information threw some light on the matter.
这个信息使得这件事显得明朗。
The evidence obtained from that woman shed some light on this complicated case.
从那个女人那里得到的证据使得这个复杂的案子显得清晰了。
46. C。to be justified in doing something：觉得自己做某事是正当的。也可用
justify的主动形式，比如：He cited a previous case to justify his argument.他
引用了过去的一个案例来证明他的辩论是有理的。
47. A。assume：假定，设想。presume: 假设，(没有根据地)相信。
48. B。分词的现在完成式作原因状语，可以代替具有现在完成时的从句。分词
完成式结构所表示的动作必须发生在主句的动作之前。
to knock out：(在体育比赛中)淘汰。
49. A。It follows that.(根据逻辑推理)可以断定……
It doesn't follow that.并不意味着……并不一定……
50. B。be charged with：被指控犯有…… 等于 to be accused of (doing)
something。
Paper Two
Part I Error Correction
51. surprising→surprised：surprising：令人感到惊讶的。Surprised：惊讶的。
52. population∧that→and：population和that之间必须加上一个and，使其成为
两个并列的分句。
53. equal→equally：修饰形容词comfortable应用副词equally。
54. than∧language→one：多于一种语言，名词language前面应加上数词one。
55. a→an：形容词additional前面需接不定冠词an。因为additional是以元音开
头的单词。
56. Giving→Given：如果人们有足够的机会和时间的话……。在本句，前面省
略了If people are.
57. concerned∧precisely→with：to be concerned with：对……关注，为……担
心。
58. briefly∧how→at：look at：看。动词look后面必须加上适当的介词构成动
词词组，后面才能加宾语。
59. conditions∧lead→that：这里必须用关系代词 that 引导定语从句修饰名词
conditions。60. from→between： 如果不容易判断，请看后面的 and。如果是from后面应该
用的是to。
Part II Translation from English to Chinese
61.一般来说，在日照强烈的热带地区，海洋的盐度比世界其它蒸发量较小的地
区要稍微高一些。
62. 尽管还有很多不解之迷，通过各领域科学家的努力，冰河时代的历史已经
逐渐展现在我们面前。实地观察的记录，新的理论和方法，世界各地对现存的
冰川的研究使得对冰河时代的了解越发清晰。
63. 老年人比青年人、中年人都更多病，除非他们自己有钱或者是有私人的或
政府的保险，如果生了重病，他们时常不得不“依靠社会福利”。
64. 尽管有一些这样的机构还不错，但是大多数都不过是接收垂死病人“垃圾
场”，在这些机构里，负责看护病人的只是些报酬很低，超时工作，缺乏技术
的工作人员。
65. 每一次受到病毒的侵袭之后，人体都会形成对这种病毒免疫的抗体，但是
具有能改变自身特性能力的病毒能够规避人体的这种保护。
Part III Short Answer Questions
66. what people and the status they are accorded by others
67. the material and psychological rewards which work can provide
68. inequality at work and in work
69. a small minority of people
70. the issue of inequality at work in the following paragraph
Part IV Writing (for reference only)
Water Shortage
With the growth of population and the development of modern industry, water
shortage has become a growing concern for Chinese government and people. This
problem is at its worst in Northern China, especially in big cities such as Beijing,
Tianjin, Shenyang and so forth.
Several factors contribute to this problem. First of all, water supplies are being
consumed by a growing number of heavy industries. Also, as the population keeps
growing at a steady rate, the amount of water consumed by them is naturally
increasing too. Deforestation at the upper reaches of rivers has made the situations
worse for the well-developed root system of trees can keep the water from diffusing
into the earth. For example, the Yellow River has been out of currents for several
months each year for the past few years.
To solve the problem, we still have some options. First, we must economize on the
use of water resources and practice a recycling policy. Secondly, stiffer laws and
regulations should be implemented to protect the limited water resources we have.
Also, more diversion projects should also be used so as to direct the surplus water
resources in Southern China to the under-supplied regions.
