文档内容
2.第二遍:不限时做。在做第二遍做时,不限时
“ 慢镜头效应
” ,把每个点都思考充分,让
我们的能力达到极限!
3.第三遍:带着痛点听斌斌老师讲一遍。弄清楚每一个问题;反复出现的错题,精准训练,
彻底扫清每个死角。然后做模考笔记,写出来会让人思维更续密。
4.第四遍:给别人讲一遍(或者自己讲给自己听)。在讲给别人的过程中,能使自己的解题思
路更清晰,更透彻;别人如果彻底听懂了,那说明你彻底理解了!
(三)复盘建议过程分析
而非传统复盘方法——分析答案对错的原因
l.如何用过程分析复盘做对题?
第一步: 写出选出正确选项的思考思考过程
第二步:反思该过程,哪些动作是可有可无的?哪些是必不可少的?将来做题时如何去
掉多余动作?
第三步:换个角度,是否还有别的方法?你能想到几种?
2.如何用过程分析复盘做错的题?
第一步:写出选出错误选项的整个思考过程-。
第二步:找出思考过程中的错误点。
如何找呢?反思:在复现思考过程中,如果把该过程中哪个节点改一下,就能选出答案。
第三步:反思错误过程节点出现的原因。
是没有掌握理论中的某一部分,还是对这部分的理解存在偏差?
第四步:将来做题时,如何规避该错误过程节点。
3.为什么要求复盘?
每位同学由于基础差异、备考时间先后不同、
“中毒
” 程度不同,
有的人练1篇就开悟,
有的人练10篇才开悟,
有的人练50篇才开悟。
但,只要你愿意改变,没有人学不会,只是时间早晚的问题!
考研阅读应试技巧理论篇
3
in reli!lious affai
ained increasing importance in religious affairs "religious af如rs“定位中未出现
[B] gai
[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World" high positions”定位中未出现
[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England 选项点都与原叉对应+ABC 都不
对=选D
第一步:判断题干:题于是不完整的,所以需要题干+选项的共性
第二步:通过选项找共性:werefamous 、gained increasing 、
abandoned high、
a new intellectual一从结构上did sth一选项求同都讲的是m 和p 过去做的一些事
created
第三步:精准定位:根据ministers and political leaders 可以定位到段落旬@These men…, (第
@旬之所以不是定位旬是因为没有回答问题所问)
第四步:对比选项:然后再用选项和定位的句子一一做比对。所以答案选“D"
【小技巧】
在做对比时,
“比错“比“比对“更容易
比对:每个点都对才有可能对
.
.
比错:只要其中有一个点错的话就可以排除
当一个选项定位点都对时,该选项不一定正确,这时可以再结合排除法锁定正确选项。
O 【真题示例2023 02(一)】【深度理解题干问题】
27. The bill mentioned in Paragraph 2 was intended to (过去/意图、打算、要)
[A] curb short-term rental speculation
[B] ensure the supply of cheap housing
[C] punish illegal dealings in housing
[D] allow a free short-term rental market ✓
-1
二段:]In New Hampshire, where the rental vacancy rate has dropped below 1 percent, housing
advocates fear unchecked short-term rentals will put further pressure on an already strained market.
@The state Legislature recently voted against a皿 it illegal for towns to
create legislation restricting short-term rentals.
第一步:判断题干:题于是不完整的,所以需要题干+选项的共性
第二步:选项共性:通过curb、ensure、punish、allow- 找到四个选项的结构共性一was
intended to do sth.一意思分三类:AD 有共性都是说的短期租赁,B 确保廉价住房的供应C
7
rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.
@They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat-one social and one asocial-for four
days. The robot rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse
with wheels to move around and colorful markings.
缩小范围:“S“型找“ Quinn“和“ her colleagues"
精准定位:回答问题所问---+rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.
综合选项对比分析【A】为正确答案
二
/\、选项比错过程中注意要点
(一)旬意不完全一致并不一定错
第五讲
选项意思与精准定位旬旬意不完全一致时也有可能是正确答案。
同义词替换/改写只是正确答案的一种形式
始终是在比较选项的出错率
O 【真题示例2023 01 (一)】
23. The study in paragraph 5 shows that_.
[A] climate education is insufficient at state public schools ../
[B] policymakers have little drive for science education
[C] Texas is reluctant to rewrite its science textbooks
[D] environmental teaching in some states lacks supervision
三
意思不一致
第一步:题于十选项求同一共性(结构:s+v+o) (内容:A/BID都和教育有关)
第二步:选项求异一选项之间的区别
第三步:定位
四段: @Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers,
21
[CJ It fell short of the latter's expectations.
[DJ It put both sides into a dangerous situation.
第一步:题于十选项共性一选项求同一It (the agreement) did sth.
第二步:选项求异:tech giants、patient's rights、latter's expectations、dangerous situation
四个维度词的约束来从题于中进行定位。
第三步:定位
段落: CDj\ny fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health
Service(NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well.® DeepMind
is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. @The potential of this
work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in
the tech giants.苞It Is s agai
against that background that the information commissioner Elizabeth
Denham has issued her damning verdict against the Roval Free hospital trust under the NHS which
handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague
agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.
缩小范围:根据题于关键词“agreement“再“S”形定位到@旬中“agreement
精准定位:回答题干问题所问: 具体定位到@旬中“agreement ”后 ” which took far too…“一
比选项: 选项和原文对比分析选择【B】
(三)内容做题法在选项比错中的妙用
小强是个好人
/
\
名词
非名词
不会替换
同义替换
小强是个好人。/小强不是个好人。(1. 内容一样
2. 方向不一样)
方向是以内容为基础的
在考场上,你只有可能把方向读反或读错,但不可能读出没有出现的内容
1.什么是内容做题法
23
原命题:如果小强体重140斤,那么小强体重大于100斤。
否命题:如果小强体重不是140斤,那么小强体重小于等于100斤。
逆命题:如果小强体重大于100斤,那么小强体重140斤。
逆否命题:如果小强体重小于等于100斤,那么小强体重不是140斤。
原命题与逆否命题互为逆否命题;逆命题和否命题互为逆否命题!
四种命题之间的关系:
l.两个命题互为逆否命题,
它们具有相同的真假性
2.两个命题互为逆命题或否命题,
它们的真假性没有关系!
原命题:我爱你
逆否命题:如果有一个人不爱你, 那么这个人不是我!
【应用到做题上】
A=>B
A是“ 正确选项”
B是
“ 信息庄边”
充分、必要条件的性质:
(1)充分条件:只能说明A可以推出B, 但不能确定B 是否可以推出A!
(2) 必要条件:如果没有B 就一定没有A!
【更具体化来说】
A=>B
A是“小强是个好人”
B是“小强xxxxx"
充分、必要条件的性质:
(1)充分条件:只能说明A 可以推出B, 但不能确定B 是否可以推出A!
(2)必要条件:如果没有B就一定没有A!
25
O
【真题示例201803(一)】
例题同第同23页
拿着精准定位的句子关键词和选项逐一对比。
通过对比A和D是完全没有出现关键词,所以直接排除。
B和C是有点庄边,所以答案要么选B要么选C
B和C通过比错排除C选项,选【B】
3.内容做题法的局限性
内容做题法不是万能的
(1)四个选项都沾边
(2)对出题旬同义改写
(3)无具体内容(虚空):好像什么都说了,好像什么都没说。
(4)全集的话:否定词+绝对的话;不止是(more than)
…
第六讲
参考做题步骤;
第一步,分析题于;
第二步,对选项求同求异;
“求同
“:找到选项之间在结构和语义方面的共性, 从而更深度的理解问题所问, 同时了解可
以回答问题所问的方向;
“求异
”:找出四个选项之间最明显的区别, 为选项比较做铺垫。
第三步, 精准定位十选项比错
实际分类:
一、定位明显的题型
二、定位不明显的题型
三、定位不到出题旬的题型
26
[C] who is responsible for the leakage
[D] how the potential spies can be located
.
第一步:题于十选项共性
题千一根据第2 段,
一些组织通过检查他们的系统目的是…
.
选项求同一找选项共性
第二步:选项求异一选项之间的区别:weak point、sort of data、leakage、potential spies
第三步:定位
(DSeveral massive leakages of customer and employee data this year-from organizations as diverse
as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science Applications International Corp and even
the University of California, Berkeley-have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT
systems and business processes in search of potential vulnerabilities.
缩小范围:根据题于关键词“systems“在段落里“S”形定位一定位到@句“systems"
精准定位:回答题于问题所问:定位到@旬"systems" 的后面
“ potential vulnerabilities"
一根据定位关键词“ potential vulnerabilities”一选项比错:对比选项分析最佳选项是A。
O
【真题示例2008 02】
29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to
[A]cover the cost of its publication
[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it
[C] allow other online journals to use it freely
[D] complete the peer-review before submission
.
第一步:题于十选项共性
题于一对于开放获取的出版模式,一篇论文的作者需要进行…
.
选项求同一找选项共性:do sth
、the journal、journals、the
第二步:选项求异一选项之间的区别:the cost of its publication
peer-review
第三步:定位
四段:@This is now changing. According to the OECD report,some 75% of scholarly journals are
7
now online.@Entirely new business models are emerging;three main ones were identified by the
29
二段:ĒNo longer. ®Th e Internet—
and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why
commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to
i
t—
is making access to scientific results a reality.@The Organization for Economic Co-operation
and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of
伽s.©The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of
the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits.蚐ut it
goes further than that. ēIt signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific
endeavor.
缩小范围:根据题于"(OECD)“缩小范围
精准定位:回答问题所问:定位句第@句“describing the…“结合选项判断没有出题。一防并列:
根据题于关键词“ report”定位到@句“makes heavy reading...一比选项:综合对比分析【C】为
正确选项。
二、定位不明显的题型
(一)特征:根据题于所问,无法直接在原文中找到与题于所问结构直接对应的、可以回答题
于所问的句子。
(二)解题思路:拿句意间的逻辑做判断,通过语义找到可以回答问题所问的部分。
O 【真题示例2008 04】
40. Washington's decision to free slaves originated from his
[A] moral considerations
[B] military experience
[C] financial conditions
[D]
.
第一
.
political stand
步:题于十选项共性
题于一华盛顿释放奴隶的决定原于他的决定…
选项求同一找选项共性:sth
第二步:选项求异一选项之间的区别:moral、military、financial、political
第三步:定位
六段:@Still, Jefferson freed Hemings's children-though not Hemings herself or his approximately
31
[A] Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.
[B] Receiving training by professional associations.
[C] Admissions approval from the bar association.
[D] Pursuing a bachelor's degree in another major.
.
第一步:题于十选项求同
.
题于一以下哪些因素增加了美国大多数州的法律教育费用?
选项求同一找选项共性
第二步: 选项求异一选项之间的区别:
第三步:定位(句意间的逻辑)
三段: @There are many reasons for this.®One
ne i is the excessive costs of a legal education.@There
is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-year undergraduate degree in some
unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the
American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam.@This leaves today's
average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.®Law-school
debt means that they have to work fearsomely hard.
缩小范围:“S”形定位:根据题于关键词“costs "" legal education""most American states”在段
落里“S”形缩小范围一定位到@旬和@句
精准定位:回答题于问题所问:定位不明显通过旬意逻辑可定位到@旬“a four-year
undergraduate degree…“一比选项:对比选项分析最佳选项是【D】。
O 【真题示例2006 03】
35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries'_.
[A] management efficiency
[B] biomass level
[C] catch-size limits
[D] technological application
.
第一步:题于十选项共性
题干一作者似乎主要关汪大多数渔场的
.
选项求同一找选项共性:sth
34
第二步:选项求异一选项之间的区别:management efficiency、biomass level、
catch-size
limits 、technological application
第三步:定位
吵r.Myers and Dr.Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management
efforts must take into account.®They believe the data support an idea current among marine
biologists, that of the"shifting baseline".@The notion is that people have failed to detect the
massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a
relatively short time into the past.@That matters because theory suggests that the maximum
sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is
about 50% of its original levels.必'lost fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do
business.
缩小范围:根据题于“most fisheries'“在段落里“S”形缩小范围一定位到@旬“Most fisheries "
精准定位:回答题干问题所问:定位到“are well below that…“该题需要把定位句@中代词“that"
还原, 所以答案往上找定位到@)句一比选项:对比选项分析最佳选项是【B】。
(注意:出现代词要还原)
三、定位不到出题句的题型
(一)特征:根据题千所问,不容易定位到或者直接定位不到某一或某几旬出题旬。
(二)原因:
1.问题大宽反导致出题旬大多
2.找不到出题旬
(三)解题思路:
1.反向定位
2.取反/取非
3.原命题转逆否命题
4.主旨
l.反向定位
当从正面解题难度大,无法定位到出题旬时,可以逆向思考,用反向定位,即:利用选项中
35
. 二分法思维(解释二):
“ 二分法
” 指的就是,全集中只有A 和B 两个子集,AB 互为
补集,AB 构成全集。A 的补集是B, B 的补集是A。不是A 的部分,必然只有B; 不是
B 的部分,必然只有A; A 和B 及有重复的部分。用形式来表示既为A 或者非A。
二分庄思维在考研阅读中的主要体现形式
A.显性对立
指旬中有很明显转折词,如:“But 、Yet 、However”等,
当这些转折词出现的时候,要么
是前半旬与后半旬对立(旬内对立),要么是前一旬与后一句对立(旬间对立)。
O 【真题示例2006 01】
21. The word "homogenizing"(Para. 1) most probably means_.
[A] identifying [B] associating [ C] assimilating [D ]monopolizing
7
一段:
@In spite of'endless talk of difference",American society is an amazing machine for
homogenizing people.@There is "the d
e democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the
casualness and absence of deference" characteristic of popular culture.kPeople are absorbed into"a
culture of consumption" launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered"vast arrays of
-l
goods in an elegant atmosphere.©Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite"these
were stores"anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.@This turned shopping into a
public and democratic act."@The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for
homogenization.
第一步:观察选项单词的意思
第二步:找到题于提示词在段落中的位置一@“homogenizing"
第三步:根据标志词印旬前半旬和后半旬意思是相反的一前半旬讨论的不同;则后半旬讨论
的相同一通过对单词意思推断"homogenizing "表示相同的意思
第四步:对比评估选项一最佳选项是【B】
B.隐形对立
指的是,表面看起来不是对立关系,但背后逻辑依然表示对立的情况。
.
时间对立引发
“过去如何
” “现在巳经不这样了“
. 地点对立引发
“北方惠格党怎么样
” “ 南方惠格党不这样
”
.
比例对立引发
”70%的人这样认为
”
“有30%的人不这样认为
"
38
children's version).@Generally costing several hundred dollars, they are usually given only by
psychologists, although variations of them populate bookstores and the World Wide Web.@Super
high scores like vos Savant's are no longer possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical
population distribution among age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the
chronological age and multiplying by 100.@0ther standardized tests, such as the Scholastic
Assessment Test (SAT) and the Graduate Record Exam(GRE), capture the main aspects ofIQ tests.
缩小范围:“S”形定位:根据题于关键词“ intelligence testing" 在段落里“S”形定位一发现全
段都在讲
“ 智力肩试
” 一反向定位
精准定位:选项逐一与定位点反向比对(信息对了选项不一定对,信息错了选项一定错)一
对比选项分析最佳选项是【C】。
3.原命题转逆否命题
当我们无庄找到直接回答问题所问的部分时,还可以考虑对与题于所问相关的原文信息旬
进行原命题和逆否命题的转换,
因为有时原文信息和题于所问的答案是原命题和逆否命题
的关系,
由于原命题和逆否命题的同真同假性,我们对原文信息这一原命题进行逆否,获
取到的信息也是真的,通过这一信息也是可以帮助我们来解题的。
【举例】
A 是“小强体重140 斤;B 是“小强体重大于100 斤。
原命题:如果小强体重140 斤,那么小强体重大于100 斤。
否命题:如果小强体重不是140 斤,那么小强体重小于等于100 斤。
逆命题:如果小强体重大于100 斤,那么小强体重140 斤。
逆否命题:如果小强体重小于等于100 斤,那么小强体重不是140 斤。
原命题与逆否命题互为逆否命题;逆命题和否命题互为逆否命题!
结论:
四种命题之间的关系:
l.两个命题互为逆否命题,
它们具有相同的真假性
2.两个命题互为逆命题或否命题,
它们的真假性没有关系!
原命题:我爱你
逆否命题:如果有一个人不爱你, 那么这个人不是我!
原命题:我爱你
40
改写原命题:如果有一个人是我,这个人是爱你的!
逆命题:如果有一个人爱你,这个人是我!
逆否命题:如果有一个人不爱你,那么这个人不是我!
O 【真题示例2014 02(二)】
30.It can be inferred that Facebook is self-enhancer's paradise because people can
[A] present their dishonest profiles
[B] define their traditional lifestyles
[C] share their intellectual pursuits
[D] withhold their unflattering sides
.
第一步:题于十选项共性
题千一我们可以推断,肣书是自我增强者的天堂,
因为人们可以使用
.
选项求同一找选项共性:do sth
第二步:选项求异一选项之间的区别:dishonest profiles 、traditional lifestyles 、intellectual
pursuits、unflattering sides
第三步:定位
硒owing the results of Epley's study, it makes sense that many people hate photographs of
themselves viscerally-on one level, they don't even recognise the person in the picture as
themselves.ýFacebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer's paradise, where people can s_!l_are only the
-l
most flattering photos, the cream of their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles.þIt's not that
people's profiles are dishonest, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University,"but they
portray an idealised version of themselves."
缩小范围:“S”形定位:根据平于
赵
关
、 键词 “ Facebook"" self-enhancer's paradise“在段落
里缩小范围定位到@句“ Facebook"" self-enhancer's "
精准定位:回答题于问题所问:定位到@句
“people can share only the…”
方法一:原命题转逆否命题:原命题:人们仅仅展示的很讨人喜欢的方面;改写原命题:如果
人们会展示一些方面, 那么这些方面是很讨人喜欢的;逆命题:如果一些方面是很讨人喜欢
的, 那么人们会展示这些方面!;逆否命题:如果一些方面不是很讨人喜欢的, 那么人们不会
展示这些方面!一对比选项分析最佳选项是【D】。
41
方法二:反向比对:选项逐一与定位点反向比对(信息对了选项不一定对,信息错了选项一定
错)一对比选项分析最佳选项是【D】。
O 【真题示例2012 03(二)】
32. Th ose who are against gene patents believe that_.
[A] genetic tests are not reliable
[B] only man-made products are patentable
[C] patents on genes depend much on innovation
[D]
第一
.
.
courts should restrict access to genetic tests
步:题于十选项求同
题于一那些反对基因专利的人认为
选项求同一找选项共性:s+v+o
第二步:选项求异一选项之间的区别
第三步:定位
CD)3ut as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine, the courts will remain rather
busy.@The Myriad case itself is probably not over.@Critics make three main arguments against
gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress
innovation rather than reward it; and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as
-ll
Myriad's.@X growing number seem to agree.甸Last year a federal task-force urged reform for
patents related to genetic tests.YIn October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad
case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule "is no less a product of nature…than are cotton fibres
that have been separated from cotton seeds."
缩小范围:“S”形定位:根据题于内容“ patents ”在段落里定位到@句“ gene patents"
精准定位:回答题于问题所问:定位在@句
“ a gene is a product of nature…”
方法一:(原命题转逆否命题)原命题:因为基因是一种自然产品,所以不能被授予专利。改
写原命题:如果基因是一种自然产品,那么基因不能被授予专利。逆命题:如果基因不能被
授予专利,那么基因是一种自然产品。逆否命题:如果基因能被授予专利,那么基因不是一
种自然产品(人造的)一对比选项分析最佳选项是【B】。
方法二:(反向比对)选项逐一与定位点反向比对(信息对了选项不一定对,信息错了选项一
定错)一对比选项分析最佳选项是【B】。
42