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���!�Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s ) for each numbered blank and mark
A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move
quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. _1_ _ ,
a true cashless society is probably not around the comer. Indeed, predictions have
been _2_ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business
Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize
the very _3_ of money itself," only to _4_ itself several years later. Why has the
movement to a cashless society been so _5_ in coming?
Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments
system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper
system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and
telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the _8_ form of
payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts,
something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper
checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check
is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the
writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic
payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.
Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns.
We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a
computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not
an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank
accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts.
The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science
is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic
means of payment leaves an electronic that contains a large amount of
20
personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might
be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.
*-i½
( ..=.. ) -ij\� .1. ( � 14 yf )1. [ A J Moreover [BJ However [CJ Therefore [DJ Otherwise
2. [AJ off [BJ back [CJ over [D] around
3. [AJ power [BJ concept [C] history [D] role
4. [AJ reverse [BJ resist [C] resume [D] reward
5. [AJ silent [B] sudden [CJ slow [DJ steady
6. [AJ for [BJ against [C] with [D] on
7. [ A J expensive [BJ imaginative [CJ sensitive [D] productive
8. [ A J similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant
9. [AJ collect [B] copy [C] provide [D] print
10. [AJ give up [BJ take over [ CJ bring back [DJ pass down
11. [AJ before [BJ after [C] since [DJ when
12. [AJ kept [B] borrowed [C] withdrawn [D] released
13. [AJ Unless [B] Because [C] Until [DJ Though
14. [AJ hide [B] express [C] ease [DJ raise
15. [AJ analyzed [BJ shared [C] stored [D] displayed
16. [AJ unsafe [BJ unnatural [CJ unclear [D] uncommon
17. [AJ steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return
18. [ A J consideration [BJ prevention [CJ manipulation [D] justification
19. [AJ call for [BJ fight against [C] adapt to [D] cope with
20. [AJ chunk [B] chip [C] trail [D] path
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,
C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
*-i½
( --=- ) -ij\� .2. ( � 14 yf )Text 1
In an essay entitled "Making It in America," the author Adam Davidson relates a
joke from cotton country about just how much a modem textile mill has been
automated: The average mill has only two employees today, "a man and a dog. The
man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the
machines."
Davidson's article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared
making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and
declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand
because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both
globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than
ever replacing labor with machines or foreign workers.
In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an
average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won't earn
you what it used to. It can't when so many more employers have so much more
access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap
software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their
extra - their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their
field of employment.
Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there's
been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, "In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.]
factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70
years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs - about 6 million in
total - disappeared."
There will always be change - new jobs, new products, new services. But the one
thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I. T.
revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to
make themselves above average.
In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do
to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind
of G. I. Bill for the 2l8t century that ensures that every American has access to
post-high school education.
*-i½
( ..::.. ) -ij\� .3. ( � 14 yf )21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate ___
[AJ the impact of technological advances
[BJ the alleviation of job pressure
[CJ the shrinkage of textile mills
[DJ the decline of middle-class incomes
22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to ___
[A J work on cheap software
[BJ ask for a moderate salary
[CJ adopt an average lifestyle
[DJ contribute something unique
23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ___
[ A J gains of technology have been erased
[BJ job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed
[ CJ factories are making much less money than before
[DJ new jobs and services have been offered
24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important 1s
[ AJ to accelerate the I. T. revolution
[BJ to ensure more education for people
[CJ to advance economic globalization
[DJ to pass more bills in the 21 st century
25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?
[AJ New Law Takes Effect.
[BJ Technology Goes Cheap.
[CJ Average Is Over.
[DJ Recession Is Bad.
*-i½
( --=- ) -ij\� .4. ( � 14 yf )Text2
A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and
sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the
United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some
money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived
while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example,
eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname,
"uccelli di passaggio," birds of passage.
Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into
two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the
i
making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contrbuted
mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how
to fix it. We don't need more categories, but we need to change the way we think
about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To
start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray
areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.
Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home
health-care aides and physicists are among today's birds of passage. They are
energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and
ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to
have a job in one place and a family in another.
With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with
ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be
productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need
them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two
nations honorably.
Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes
on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right
or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing
immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some
that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.
*-i½
( ..::.. ) -ij\� .5. ( � 14 yf )26. "Birds of passage" refers to those who ___
[A] stay in a foreign country temporarily
[B] leave their home countries for good
[ C] immigrate across the Atlantic
[D] find permanent jobs overseas
27. It 1s implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US
[A] needs new immigrant categories
[B] has loosened control over immigrants
[C] should be adapted to meet challenges
[D] has been fixed via political means
28. According to the author, today's birds of passage want ___
[A] financial incentives
[B] a global recognition
[C] the freedom to stay and leave
[D] opportunities to get regular jobs
29. The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated ___
[A] as faithful partners
[B] with legal tolerance
[C] with economic favors
[D] as mighty rivals
30. The most appropriate title for this text would be ___
[A] Come and Go: Big Mistake
[B] Living and Thriving: Great Risk
[C] With or Without: Great Risk
[D] Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake
*-i½
( ..::.. ) -ij\� .6. ( � 14 yf )Text3
Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take
a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate
the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.
Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether
someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly,
within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell
whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five.
It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open
-mindedness.
But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren't exclusive to the
interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a
fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even
though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with
speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we're doing,
Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.
Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer
products or housing options when we see a happy face ( one reason good sales
representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment
before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive
female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases - or hire outside
screeners.
John Gortman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly "thin slice"
information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in "thick sliced"
long-term study. When Dr. Gortman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay
together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days,
not two seconds.
Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us
from animals: dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.
But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer
term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn't changed our
nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the
high-speed trend.
*-i½
( ..::.. ) -ij\� .7. ( � 14 yf )31. The time needed in making decisions may ___
[ A J predetermine the accuracy of our judgment
[BJ prove the complexity of our brain reaction
[CJ depend on the importance of the assessment
[DJ vary according to the urgency of the situation
32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions ___
[ AJ can be associative
[BJ are not unconscious
[CJ can be dangerous
[DJ are not impulsive
33. To reverse the negative influences of snap decisions, we should ___
[A J trust our first impression
[BJ think before we act
[CJ do as people usually do
[DJ ask for expert advice
34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on ___
[A] critical assessment
[BJ "thin sliced" study
[ CJ adequate information
[DJ sensible explanation
35. The author's attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is ___
[ A J tolerant
[BJ optimistic
[CJ uncertain
[DJ doubtful
*-i½
( ..::.. ) -ij\� .8. ( � 14 yf )Text4
Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In paritcular, the corporate workplace
will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management
decisions, and Europe's top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly
male. Indeed, women hold only 14 per cent of positions on European corporate
boards.
The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards
to maintain a certain proportion of women - up to 60 per cent. This proposed mandate
was born of frustration. Last year, European Commission Vice President Viviane
Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for
gender balance goals of 40 per cent female board membership. But her appeal was
considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.
Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate
ladder fairly as they balance work and family?
"Personally, I don't like quotas," Reding said recently. "But I like what the
quotas do." Quotas get action: they "open the way to equality and they break through
the glass ceiling," according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries
with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.
I understand Reding's reluctance - and her frustration. I don't like quotas either;
they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable. But, when
one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a
fairer world must be temporarily ordered.
After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as
well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top
positions - no matter how much "soft pressure" is put upon them. When women do
break through to the summit of corporate power - as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg
recently did at Facebook - they attract massive attention precisely because they
remain the exception to the rule.
If appropriate public policies were in place to help all women - whether CEOs
or their children's caregivers - and all families, Sandberg would be no more
newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.
*-i½
( ..::.. ) -ij\� .9. ( � 14 yf )36. In the European corporate workplace, generally ___
[ A J women take the lead
[BJ men have the final say
[ CJ corporate governance is overhelmed
w
[DJ senior management is family-friendly
37. The European Union's intended legislation is ___
[ A J a reflection of gender balance
[BJ a response to Reding's call
[CJ a reluctant choice
[DJ a voluntary action
38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ___
[ A J get top business positions
[BJ see through the glass ceiling
[CJ balance work and family
[DJ anticipate legal results
39. The author's attitude toward Reding's appeal is one of
---
[ A J skepticism
[BJ objectiveness
[ CJ indifference
[DJ approval
40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ___
[ A J more social justice
[BJ massive media attention
[CJ suitable public policies
[DJ greater "soft pressure"
.10. ( � 14 Yi )PartB
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable
subtitle from the list A - G for each numbered paragraph (4 1 - 45). There are two
extra subtitles which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER
SHEET. (10 points)
[A] Live like a peasant
[B] Balance your diet
[C] Shopkeepers are your friends
[D] Remember to treat yourself
[E] Stick to what you need
[F] Planning is everything
[G] Waste not, want not
The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love
of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £ 60 a week to spend, £ 40
of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £ 130,000 a year working in
corporate communications and eating at London's best restaurants at least twice a
week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious.
"The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a
certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation
and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a
council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he' 11
carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many
people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating
well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.
41. -------------
Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance,
making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel
template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost
effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of
( � 14 yf )weekly, because, being human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you
fancy.
42.
-------------
This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them,
there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer.
And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef
and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket
chiller.
43.
You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good
enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead
should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable
soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.
44. -------------
Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,
delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon
you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or
beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not,
they'll let you have for free.
45. -------------
You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months
treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - £ 1. 7 5 a week for three months gives
you £ 21 - more than enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It's
£ 16.95 there - or £ 12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather
eat.
.12. ( � 14 Yi )Section III Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER
SHEET. ( 15 points)
I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what
happened in the news and even the day of the week. I've been able to do this since I
was four.
I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My
mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think
of a sad memory, I do what everybody does - try to put it to one side. I don't think it's
harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn't make my
emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the
sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the
musical play Hair opened on Broadway on the same day - they both just pop into my
mind in the same way.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. Write your
classmates an email to
1) inform them about the details, and
2) encourage them to participate.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your own name. Use "Li Ming" instead.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
.13. ( � 14 Yi )PartB
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
100%
88.24%
80%
A
60%
�
-51- 40%
It
20%
0%
j(-
.14. ( � 14 :vf )
