英语二25强化讲义_考研_英语_03.Monkey_25Monkey《强化班讲义》

考研英语 全心全意班 2025 Monkey 强化课讲义（英语二） 边明锐 微博、 站、公众号： 考研英语 B Monkey 1 1前言：暑期是考研英语提分的关键阶段，希望各位同学能在考研人难 以摆脱的 “傲慢”与“焦虑”之间找到一个最佳平衡点，遵循老师的教 学安排，做到“收心”与“专注”，就必然能利用好暑期 2 个月宝贵的时 间，取得最大限度的进步！ 本讲义务必双面打印！ 强化阶段导学规划 ..................................3 强化阅读 ..........................................6 强化完形 .........................................68 强化新题型 .......................................90 强化翻译 ........................................104 强化作文 ........................................113 参考答案 ........................................148 2 2暑期强化阶段导学规划 一、强化阶段任务概览： 预计学习周期：7月初-8月底，平均50天 建议每日学习时间：2.5小时 课程：【五大题型强化课】（约70h，英一、英二分班上课） 真题： 10-17年绝大部分真题 目标： ① 阅读完成词→句→篇→题的蜕变，追求60%的真题正确率 ② 其它四大题型全面破冰，初步了解真题特点与解题套路 ③ 词汇语法进入查漏与实战应用阶段，地毯式精读阅读原文 二、强化阶段复习规划： 50天学习时间，每日学习时间：2.5小时（总计125学时） 第一阶段：① 阅读真题20篇（2天1篇）=40天 ② 完形10篇(3天1篇）+新题型6-10篇(1天1篇）=40天 （课程7月初更新，两线同步开始学习） 第二阶段：翻译4天 + 作文6天=10天 （翻译、作文课程最晚8月初更新完毕） 另外每天20分钟用于核心词的日常复习，贯穿始终 1. 时间充裕的同学，额外学习15-17年4小题型真题串讲（选修！）以及先前没 学完的题源外刊。 2. 时间紧张的同学，英一至少学完阅读、新题型两个模块，英二的同学尽量把 翻译也学完。作文课直接跟冲刺课没有问题。 3 33. 基础课还没听完的同学，应优先保证在8月底之前完整学完语法、百句、基础 阅读、强化阅读课程，核心词要保证每天复习1单元 词汇是地基，语法是承重结构；阅读是四面墙，新题型是屋顶，写作 是家具；完形、翻译都是内部装修！ 三、强化阶段复习四大敌人： ① 时间 有限的时间下，注重学习的性价比和效率，切忌主次不分，切忌疲劳战。 语言学习需要一个较长的消化吸收过程，保证持续的语言接触 才能达到最佳效果。切忌突击式、风暴式学习。 即使“闭关修炼”，也要保证至少1小时的英语学习。 即使“时间充足”，每天学英语也不要超过4小时！ ② 懒惰 身体的懒惰——起不来床，学不下去 安排一些固定时间固定内容的轻量学习任务（背单词） 每日复习安排不宜饱和，避免造成持续的负反馈和疲劳 精神的懒惰——做题不总结，技巧不练习，上课不思考 机械的记笔记和重复无法深化对技巧的理解和应用。 听课时多追迹思考，课下多做刻意练习，做题后多进行复盘总结。 过于轻松快乐的课程意味着缺少实质思考和收获，不要欺骗自己！ ③ 贪婪 暑假阶段真题范围：2010年-2017年绝大部分真题 冲刺阶段真题范围：2018年-2024年全部真题 近十年真题数量有限，无节制的做题会导致冲刺阶段无题可做。 4 4刷题无基础、无方法、无目的，只会把真题变成词典和长难句书。 近十年真题，跟随Monkey课程刷一遍，足矣！ 全程不要碰各种模拟题、仿真题！百害无一利！ ④ 傲慢与焦虑 实践是认识深化的唯一手段！犯错是人类进化的唯一途径！ 事物的发展必然是在曲折中前进的过程，学习有其客观规律。 人的一切痛苦都源于对自己的无能的愤怒。 而对无能的认知取决于对自身能力的期望。 “心态爆炸”是考研后半程最可怕的敌人。 Man errs so long as he strives. 5 5公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取强化阅读导学规划 一、强化阅读学习目标 精选2012-2017年20篇真题阅读进行讲解（英一、英二分班） 学习重点一：深化【主旨观】，熟练地找主旨、用主旨 ① 找全文主旨的N种方法与固定套路 ② 用不完全、不完整的主旨尽可能多的做题 ③ 总结文章结构，拓展五大终极定式。 学习重点二：通过精读文章，进一步夯实词句能力。 强化阶段，以实现 60%正确率为目标！ 二、强化阅读复习规划 共20篇文章，每篇文章配有【阅读实战】、【精读赏析】2节课程 前12 篇文章（12-15 年精选真题）每篇学 2天，每天 1.5h。共24天 Day1：阅读实战 ① 实战解题 (20min) 模仿考场环境，20分钟完成一篇阅读（不许查资料！！！） ② 对答案+错因诊断(5min) 对讲义最后一页的参考答案，在不查阅其他资料的情况下思考 题目错因: 从原文信息的角度看，自己选的为什么是错的？正确答案为何正确？ 实战错因: 受了哪些误导？遇到了什么语言障碍？自己当时是怎么想的？ ③ 听阅读实战课+整理笔记（1h） Day2：精读赏析 ① 自行精读文章 (30min) 查清文中出现的生词，标出自己无法独立理解的长难句 ② 听精读赏析课（40min）+重点词句整理笔记（10min） ③ 回顾文章，答疑群内解决残留的实战、语言问题（20min） 答案是什么、词义句义明确（what） 6 6为什么选这个答案、长难句主谓宾明确、从句类型明确（how） 后8篇文章（16-17 年真题，每年 4 篇），建议平均正确率已达 60%的同学 尝试模拟考试环境，尝试 100 分钟内一次性完成一年的 4篇真题 （感到吃力的同学，可以尝试做 2 篇后休息 1小时，再做后 2篇） 平均每天学习 2小时，12 天学完。 Day1：一次性100分钟内完成4 篇真题 Day2-Day5：每天听一篇文章对应的实战+精读课 Day6：进行复盘总结。 导学1 天+12~15 真题 24天+16~17真题 12 天+总结串讲 3天=40 天 三、阅读课笔记记法 ① 强化讲义 实战时在原文、选项上做的重点词句的标记；解题时的初选选项、最终选项，不 要涂黑疙瘩！力求通过以上标记能清晰的回忆自己解题时的心理活动。 ② 阅读笔记本（阅读专用） 从前往后：按年份和篇目记录每篇阅读的 用时，正确率，错误题号，错因诊断，五道题的英文题干 & 各题的最优解题思路和涉及的技巧，最终的复盘整理。 从后往前：各类解题技巧的名称，解释，特征，相关的题号， & 其他与解题直接相关的重点通识知识。（每个技巧1页，每个定式2页） 7 7强化阅读经典真题 20 篇 12-15年的 12篇真题，每做一篇，到讲义最后一页对参考答案，再听课。 2012年考研英语 Text1 Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years ithas been particularly scorned. School districtsacross thecountry, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on this educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may nolonger count for morethan 10% ofastudent’s academicgrade. This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need tobe lowered for poorchildren. District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see very little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for theirstudents, thepolicy imposes aflat, across-the-board rule. At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework matters, it should account for a significant portion of thegrade. Meanwhile, this policy does nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject, orthat teachers are not assigning more than theyare willingto review and correct. The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It isnot too latefor L.A. Unified to dohomework right. 8 821.It isimplied in Paragraph 1that nowadays homework _______. [A]isreceiving more criticism [B]is gaining morepreferences [C]is nolongeran educational ritual [D]isnot required for advanced courses 22.L.A.Unified has madetherule about homework mainly because poorstudents [A]tend to havemoderate expectations for theireducation [B]have asked foradifferent educational standard [C]may have problems finishing theirhomework [D]havevoiced theircomplaints about homework 23. According to Paragraph 3, one problem with the policy is that it may _______. [A] result in students’ indifference to theirreport cards [B]undermine theauthority ofstatetests [C]restrict teachers’ power ineducation [D]discourage students from doing homework 24.As mentioned in Paragraph 4,akey question unanswered about homework is whether _______. [A]itshould beeliminated [B]it counts much in schooling [C]it places extraburdens onteachers [D]itis important forgrades 25.Asuitabletitleforthis text could be_______. [A]AFaulty Approach toHomework [B]AWelcomed Policy forPoor Students [C]Thorny Questions about Homework [D]WrongInterpretations ofan Educational Policy 9 92012年考研英语 Text2 Pretty in pink: adult women do not remember being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls’ lives. It is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls’ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imaginationabout girls’ lives and interests. Girls’ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What’s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses. When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolized femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children’s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, according to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularized as amarketing trick byclothing manufacturers in the1930s. Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids’ clothes. It was only after “toddler” became a common shoppers’ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults, into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent them where they did notpreviously exist. 10 10公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取26.By saying “itis…therainbow”( Para.1), theauthormeans pink _______. [A]cannot explain girls’lack ofimagination [B]should notbe associated with girls’ innocence [C]should notbe thesolerepresentation ofgirlhood [D]cannot influence girls’lives and interests 27.According to Paragraph 2,which ofthe following istrue ofcolours? [A]Coloursare encoded ingirls’ DNA. [B]Blue used toberegarded as thecolour for girls. [C]Whiteis preferred bybabies. [D]Pinkused tobea neutral colourinsymbolising genders. 28.Theauthor suggests that ourperception ofchildren’s psychological development was much influenced by_______. [A]theobservation of children’snature [B]themarketing ofproducts for children [C]researches intochildren’s behavior [D]studiesof childhood consumption 29.Wemay learn from Paragraph 4that department stores were advised to _______. [A]classify consumers intosmaller groups [B]attach equal importance to different genders [C]focus oninfant wear and olderkids’clothes [D]createsomecommon shoppers’terms 30.It can beconcluded that girls’ attraction topink seems tobe _______. [A]fullyunderstood byclothing manufacturers [B]clearly explained bytheirinborn tendency [C]mainly imposed byprofit-driven businessmen [D]well interpreted bypsychological experts 11 112012年考研英语 Text3 In 2010, a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by 2005 some 20% of human genes were patented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO), a trade group, assured members thatthis was just a“preliminary step” ina longer battle. On July 29th they were relieved, at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision, ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents totwo genes that help forecast a woman’srisk of breast cancer. Thechief executiveof Myriad, a company inUtah, said theruling was ablessing to firms and patients alike. But as companies continue their attempts at personalized medicine, the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over. Critics make three main arguments against gene patents: a gene is a product of nature, so it may not be patented; gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it; and patents’ monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad’s. A growing number seem toagree. Last yeara federal task-force urged reform for patents related togenetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature… than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds.” Despite the appeals court’s decision, big questions remain unanswered. For example, it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents ofindividual genes within it.The case may yet reach theSupremeCourt. As the industry advances, however, other suits may have an even greater impact. Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are already patented or in the public domain. Firms are now studying how genes interact, looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug’s efficacy. Companies are eager to win patents for “connecting the dots,”explainsHans Sauer, a lawyer fortheBIO. Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO recently held a convention which included sessions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape forpatents. Each meeting was packed. 12 1231.It can belearned from Paragraph 1that thebiotech companies would like _______. [A]genes to bepatentable [B]theBIO to issuea warning [C]theirexecutives to beactive [D]judges torule out gene patenting 32.Thosewho are against genepatents believethat _______. [A]genetictests are not reliable [B]only man-made products are patentable [C]patents ongenes depend much oninnovation [D]courts should restrict access to genetic tests 33.According to Hans Sauer, companies are eager to win patents for _______. [A]discovering gene interactions [B]establishing disease correlations [C]drawing pictures of genes [D]identifying human DNA 34.By saying “Each meeting was packed” (Para. 6), theauthor means that_______. [A]theSupremeCourt was authoritative [B]theBIO was apowerful organization [C]gene patenting was agreat concern [D]lawyers were keen to attend conventions 35.Generally speaking, theauthor’s attitudetoward gene patenting is _______. [A]critical [B] supportive [C]scornful [D]objective 13 132013年考研英语 Text1 In an essay entitled “Making It in America,” the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, “a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.” Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing laborwith machines orforeign workers. In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what itused to. It can’t when so many moreemployers have so much moreaccess to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra—their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field ofemployment. Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, “In the 10 years ending in 2009, U.S. factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs—about 6 million in total—disappeared.” There will always be changed—new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to makethemselves above average. In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education. 14 1421.Thejokein Paragraph 1is used toillustrate_______. [A]theimpact oftechnological advances [B]thealleviation of jobpressure [C]theshrinkage oftextilemills [D]thedecline ofmiddle-class incomes 22.According to Paragraph 3,tobea successful employee, one has to _______. [A]work oncheap software [B]ask for amoderate salary [C]adopt an averagelifestyle [D]contributesomething unique 23.Thequotation in Paragraph 4explains that_______. [A]gains oftechnology have been erased [B]job opportunities are disappearing at ahigh speed [C]factories are makingmuch less money than before [D]newjobs and services have been offered 24.According to theauthor, to reduce unemployment, the mostimportant is _______. [A]toaccelerate theI. T. revolution [B]to advance economic globalization [C]to ensure moreeducation forpeople [D]topass morebillsin the21st century 25.Whichof thefollowing would bethemost appropriate titlefor thetext? [A]NewLaw Takes Effect [B]Technology Goes Cheap [C]Average Is Over [D]Recession Is Bad 15 152013年考研英语 Text2 A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived whileabout 2million departed. About a quarter ofall Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli dipassaggio,”birds ofpassage. Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens to be kicked out. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strict definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. Wemight then begin to solveour immigration challenges. Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have ajob inone place andafamily inanother. With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably. Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multipleoutcomes, including somethat are not easy to accomplishlegally in theexisting system. 16 1626.“Birds ofpassage” refers to thosewho_______. [A]stay ina foreign country temporarily [B]leave theirhome countries forgood [C]immigrate across theAtlantic [D]find permanent jobsoverseas 27. It is implied in Paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US _______. [A]needs new immigrant categories [B]has loosened control over immigrants [C]should beadapted tomeet challenges [D]has been fixed viapolitical means 28.According to theauthor, today’s birds ofpassage want _______. [A]financial incentives [B]aglobal recognition [C]thefreedom to stay and leave [D]opportunitiesto get regular jobs 29.Theauthor suggests that thebirds ofpassage todayshould betreated _______. [A]as faithful partners [B]with legal tolerance [C]with economic favors [D]as mighty rivals 30.Themost appropriate titlefor this text would be_______. [A]Comeand Go: Big Mistake [B]Living and Thriving: Great Risk [C]With orWithout: Great Risk [D]Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake 17 172013年考研英语 Text3 Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminatethenegative effects ofour quick,hard-wired responses. Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness. But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposedto fast-food flashes also tend to think amusical piece lasts toolong. Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases—or hire outside screeners. John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, nottwo seconds. Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:dogs can thinkabout thefuture only intermittently orfor a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend. 18 1831.Thetimeneeded in making decisions may_______. [A]predeterminetheaccuracy of ourjudgment [B]prove thecomplexity ofour brain reaction [C]depend ontheimportance oftheassessment [D]vary according totheurgency of thesituation 32.Ourreaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions _______. [A]can be associative [B]are not unconscious [C]can bedangerous [D]are notimpulsive 33.To reverse thenegativeinfluences of snapdecisions, we should_______. [A]trustour first impression [B]think before we act [C]doas people usually do [D]ask forexpert advice 34.John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on_______. [A]critical assessment [B]“thin sliced” study [C]adequateinformation [D]sensibleexplanation 35.Theauthor’s attitudetoward reversing the high-speed trend is _______. [A]tolerant [B]optimistic [C]uncertain [D]doubtful 19 192014年考研英语 Text1 What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria Mackenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small, tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfillment, she could do worse than read HappyMoney byElizabeth Dumn and Michael Norton. These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on experiences, say Ms Dumn and MrNorton, likeinteresting trips, uniquemeals oreven going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time-as stories or memories-particularly iftheyinvolvefeeling moreconnected to others. This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most "happiness bang for your buck." It seems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it). Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly. This is apparently the reason MacDonald's restricts the availability of its popular McRib - a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich intoan object ofobsession. Readers of “Happy Money” are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfillment, not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most people willcome away from this bookbelieving it was money well spent. 20 20公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取21.According to Dumn and Norton, which ofthefollowing is themost rewarding purchase? [A]Abig house [B]Aspecial tour [C]Astylish car [D]Arich meal 22.Theauthor’s attitudetoward Americans’watching TVis______. [A]critical [B]supportive [C]sympathetic [D]ambiguous 23.McRibis mentioned in paragraph 3to showthat______. [A]consumers are sometimes irrational [B]popularity usually comes after quality [C]marketing tricks are often effective [D]rarity generally increases pleasure 24.According to thelast paragraph, Happy Money______. [A]has left much room for readers’criticism [B]may prove to bea worthwhilepurchase [C]has predicted a widerincome gap in theUS [D]may give itsreaders asense ofachievement 25.Thistextmainly discusses how to______. [A]balance feeling good and spending money [B]spend large sums ofmoney won inlotteries [C]obtain lasting satisfaction from money spent [D]become morereasonablein spending onluxuries 21 212014年考研英语 Text3 The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are right now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to restructure our economy in ways we can’t immediately foresee. When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology, jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who both hail from MIT’s Centerfor Digital Business. This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of The Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the reason why thesejobs are so vulnerable to technology in thefirst place. Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be “tightly scriptedand” and “highly standardized” ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or creativity.” In short, theseare thetypes of jobs that machines can perform much better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the backs of American workers, Hagel says. It’s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing economy, wemore than ever need people intheworkplace who can takeinitiativeand exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events.” That is not something machines are good at. They are designed toperform very predictableactivities. As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in their book.Weneed to reframe race against themachine as race withthe machine.In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about technology, but rather, “howdowe innovateour institutionsand ourwork practices?” 22 2231.According to thefirst paragraph, economic downturns would _______. [A]ease thecompetitionof man vs. machine [B]highlight machines’threat tohuman jobs [C]provoke apainful technological revolution [D]outmodeourcurrent economic structure 32.Theauthors ofRace AgainsttheMachine argue that _______. [A]technology is diminishingman’s job opportunities [B]automation is accelerating technological development [C]certain jobs willremain intact after automation [D]man willfinally win the race against machine 33.Hagel argues that jobsin theU.S. are often _______. [A]performed byinnovativeminds [B]scripted withan individualstyle [C]standardized without aclear target [D]designed against human creativity 34.According to thelast paragraph, Brynjolfsson and McAfee discussed _______. [A]thepredictability ofmachine behavior in practice [B]theformula forhow work is conducted efficiently [C]theways machines replace human labor inmodern times [D]thenecessity of humaninvolvementin theworkplace 35.Whichof thefollowing couldbethe mostappropriate titleforthetext? [A]Howto Innovate OurWork Practices? [B]Machines willReplace Human Labor [C]Can WeWintheRace Against Machines？ [D]EconomicDownturns Stimulate Innovations 23 232014年考研英语 Text4 When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy the focus is usually on roads, railways, broadband and energy. Housing is seldom mentioned. Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard to shove for attention among multibillion-pound infrastructure projects, so it is inevitable that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant reason isthat the issuehas always been sopolitically charged. Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists increase all thetimeand we aresimply not buildingenough new homes. The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some steps toaddress our urgent housingneed. 公众号：大叔考研，免费分享无水印PDF There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap were lifted, increasing GDP by0.6%. Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental environment, which would have a significant impact on the ability of registered providers to fund newdevelopments from revenues. But it is not just down to the government. While these measures would be welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £4.5bn programme of grants tofund new affordable housing, set to expirein 2015, is unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour Party has recently announced that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if it returns to power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return to the era of large-scale publicgrants. Weneed to adjustto thischanging climate. While the govemment’s commitment to long-term funding may have changed, thevery pressing need formore affordable housingis real and is not going away. 24 2436.Theauthor believes that thehousing sector _______. [A]has attracted muchattention [B]involves certain political factors [C]shoulders too much responsibility [D]has lostits real valuein economy 37.It can belearned that affordable housing has _______. [A]increased its homesupply [B]offered spending opportunities [C]suffered government biases [D]disappointed thegovernment 38.According to Paragraph 5,George Osborne may _______. [A]allowgreatergovernment debt for housing [B]stop local authorities from buildinghomes [C]prepare to reduce housing stock debt [D]release alifted GDP growth forecast 39.It can beinferred that a stablerental environment would _______. [A]lowerthecosts of registered providers [B]lessen the impact ofgovernment interference [C]contributeto funding new developments [D]relieve theministerof responsibilities 40.Theauthor believes that after 2015,thegovernment may_______. [A]implementmore policies tosupport housing [B]review theneed forlarge-scale publicgrants [C]renew the affordablehousing grants programme [D]stopgenerous funding to thehousing sector 25 252015年考研英语 Text1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol, which is a stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higherat what issupposed tobe aplace of refuge. "Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home, " writes one of the researchers, Sarah Damske. In fact women even say they feel better at work, she notes. “It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at work.” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for nonparents. Thisis why people who work outsidethehome have betterhealth. What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they're at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it's not surprising that women are more stressed at home. But it's not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical ormental labor andemployee draws out life-sustaining moola. On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household inwhich the division of laboris so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it, or if they're teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they're your family. You cannot fire your family. You never reallyget togo home from home. So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite, theco-workers are much harder to motivate. 26 2621.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys foundthat home_____. [A]offered greater relaxation than theworkplace [B]was anideal place for stress measurement [C]generated morestress than theworkplace [D]was anunrealisticplace forrelaxation 22.According to Damaske, who are likely to bethehappiest at home? [A]Workingmothers. [B]Childless husbands. [C]Working fathers. [D]Childless wives. 23.Theblurring of working women's roles refers to thefact that_____. [A]theirhomeis also aplace for kicking back. [B]they are both bread winners andhousewives. [C]there is often much housework left behind. [D]itis difficult for them toleave their office. 24.Theword “moola” (Para.4)most probably means_____. [A]skills [B]energy [C]earnings [D]nutrition 25.Thehomefront differs from theworkplace in that_____. [A]family laboris often adequately rewarded. [B]homeis hardly a cozierworking environment. [C]household tasks are generally more motivating. [D]divisionoflabor at homeis seldom clear-cut. 27 272015年考研英语 Text2 For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those who donot have a parent with acollege degree—lag other students ona range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first- generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" an achievement gap based on social class, according to thedepressing beginning ofapaper forthcoming in thejournal Psychological Science. But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation andotherstudents. The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are based on a study involving 147 students ( who completed the project) at an unnamed privateuniversity. First generation was defined as not having aparent with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while this was true onlyfor 8.6percent of thestudents withat least oneparent with afour-year degree. Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this is the gap that mustbe narrowed to close theachievement gap. Many first-generation students "struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,' and take advantage of college resources," they write. And this becomes more of a problem when collages don't talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students. “Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students’ educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can improve.” 28 2826.Recruiting morefirst-generation students has_______. [A]reduced theirdropout rates [B]narrowed theachievement gap [C]missed itsoriginal purpose [D]depressed college students 27.Theauthor oftheresearch article are optimisticbecause_______. [A]theirfinding appeal to students [B]therecruiting rate has increased [C]theproblem is solvable [D]theirapproach is costless 28.Thestudy suggests that mostfirst-generation students______. [A]are from single-parent families [B]study at private universities [C]are inneed offinancial support [D]havefailed theircollage 29.Theauthors ofthepaper believe that first-generation students_______ [A]may lack opportunities toapply for research projects [B]are inexperienced in handling theirissues at college [C]can have apotential influence on otherstudents [D]are actually indifferent to theachievement gap 30.Wemay infer from thelast paragraph that_______. [A]universities often reject theculture ofthemiddle-class [B]students are usually to blamefortheir lack of resources [C]social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences [D]colleges are partly responsiblefor theproblem in question 29 292015年考研英语 Text3 Even in traditional offices, "the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago," said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples. "If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990, we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion. There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn't talk about energy; we didn't talk about passion." Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very "team"-oriented—and not by coincidence. "Let's not forget sports—in male-dominated corporate America, it's still a big deal. It's not explicitly conscious; it's the idea that I'm a coach, and you're my team, and we're in this together. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as coaches and thisis theirteam and they want towin." These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning—and, as Rakesh Khurana, another professor points out, increase allegiance to the firm. "You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations: terms like vision, values, passion, and purpose," said Khurana. This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The "mommy wars" of the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your "passion," you'll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going homefor dinnerandthen working long after thekids are in bed. But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it. As a linguist once said, "You can get peopleto think it's nonsenseat thesame timethat you buy into it." In a workplace that's fundamentally indifferent to your life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work—and how your work defines who you are. 30 30公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取31.According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_____. [A]less strategic [B]less energetic [C]more objective [D]moreemotional 32."Team"-oriented corporatevocabulary isclosely related to_______. [A]sportsculture [B]gender difference [C]historical incidents [D]athleticexecutives 33.Khurana believes that theimportationof terminology aims to______. [A]revivehistorical terms [B]promotecompany image [C]foster corporatecooperation [D]strengthen employee loyalty 34.It can beinferred that Lean In________ [A]voices for working women [B]appeals to passionateworkaholics [C]triggers debates among mommies [D]praises motivated employees 35.Whichof thefollowing statements is trueabout office speak? [A]Linguists believe ittobenonsense [B]Regular peoplemockit but accept it [C]Companies find it tobe fundamental [D]Managers admireit but avoid it 31 3116-17年的 8篇真题，一次性完成 4篇真题后，集中对参考答案，再听课。 2016年考研英语 Text1 It’s true that high-school coding classes aren’t essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellon’s School of ComputerScience. However, Cortina said, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that it’s not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers—but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. It’s not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for older students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in thefield and help fillthejobs gap, Cortinasaid. Students also benefit from learning something about coding before they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drivetheless-experienced or -determined students away. The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps that’s become popular for adults looking for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things they’re interested in,” said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood. The students in the Flatiron class probably won’t drop out of high school and build the nextFacebook. Programming languages have aquick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails” language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn—how to think logically through a problem and organize the results—apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an educationconsultant forthestate ofNorth Carolina. Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets, in their offices, in their homes—for the rest of their lives. The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power todothat—the better. 32 3221.Cortinaholdsthat early exposureto computerscience makes it easier to _______. [A]completefuture job training [B]remodel theway ofthinking [C]formulate logical hypotheses [D]perfect artwork production 22.In delivering lessons for high-schoolers, Flatiron has considered their________. [A]experience [B]interest [C]career prospects [D]academicbackgrounds 23.Deborah Seehorn believes thatthe skillslearned at Flatiron will________. [A]help students learn other computer languages [B]have to beupgraded when new technologies come [C]need improvingwhen students look forjobs [D]enable studentsto make big quick money 24.According to thelast paragraph, Flatiron students are expected to ______. [A]bring forth innovativecomputer technologies [B]stay longer inthe information technology industry [C]become better prepared for thedigitalized world [D]competewith a futurearmy ofprogrammers 25.Theword “coax”(Para. 6)is closest inmeaning to________. [A]persuade [B]frighten [C]misguide [D]challenge 33 332016年考研英语 Text2 Biologists estimate that as many as 2 million lesser prairie chickens—a kind of bird living on stretching grasslands—once lent red to the often grey landscape of the midwestern and southwestern United States. But just some 22,000 birds remain today, occupying about 16% ofthespecies’historicrange. The crash was a major reason the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) decided to formally list the bird as threatened. “The lesser prairie chicken is in a desperate situation,” said USFWS Director Daniel Ashe. Some environmentalists, however, were disappointed. They had pushed the agency to designate the bird as “endangered,” a status that gives federal officials greater regulatory power to crack down on threats. But Ashe and others argued that the “threatened” tag gave the federal government flexibility to try out new, potentially less confrontational conservation approaches. In particular, they called for forging closer collaborations with western state governments, which are often uneasy with federal action, and with theprivate landowners who control an estimated 95%oftheprairie chicken’s habitat. Under the plan, for example, the agency said it would not prosecute landowners or businesses that unintentionally kill, harm, or disturb the bird, as long as they had signed a range-wide management plan to restore prairie chicken habitat. Negotiated by USFWS and the states, the plan requires individuals and businesses that damage habitat as part of their operations to pay into a fund to replace every acre destroyed with 2 new acres of suitable habitat. The fund will also be used to compensate landowners who set aside habitat, USFWS also set an interim goal of restoring prairie chicken populations to an annual average of 67,000 birds over the next 10 years. And it gives the Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies (WAFWA), a coalition of state agencies, the job of monitoring progress. Overall, the idea is to let “states remain in thedriver’s seat for managing thespecies,” Ashesaid. Not everyone buys the win-win rhetoric. Some Congress members are trying to block the plan, and at least a dozen industry groups, four states, and three environmental groups are challenging it in federal court. Not surprisingly, industry groups and states generally argue it goes too far; environmentalists say it doesn’t go far enough. “The federal government is giving responsibility for managing the bird to thesameindustries that are pushing ittoextinction,”says biologist JayLininger. 34 3426.Themajorreason forlistingthelesser prairie chicken as threatened is _______. [A]theinsistenceofprivate landowners [B]theunderestimateof thegrassland acreage [C]adesperate appeal from somebiologists [D]itsdrastically decreased population 27.The“threatened”tag disappointed someenvironmentalists inthat it _______. [A]was agive-in to governmental pressure [B]would involvefewer agencies inaction [C]granted less federal regulatory power [D]went against conservation policies 28. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that unintentional harm-doers will not be prosecuted ifthey_____. [A]agree topay a sumfor compensation [B]volunteer toset upan equally big habitat [C]offer to support theWAFWAmonitoringjob [D]promiseto raisefunds forUSFWS operations 29.According to Ashe, theleading rolein managing thespecies is______. [A]thefederal government [B]thewildlifeagencies [C]thelandowners [D]thestates 30.JayLininger would most likely support_______. [A]theplanunder challenge [B]thewin-win rhetoric [C]environmental groups [D]industrygroups 35 352016年考研英语 Text3 That everyone’s too busy these days is a cliché. But one specific complaint is madeespecially mournfully: There’s never any timeto read. What makes the problem thornier is that the usual time-management techniques don’t seem sufficient. The web’s full of articles offering tips on making time to read: “Give up TV” or “Carry a book with you at all times.” But in my experience, using such methods to free up the odd 30 minutes doesn’t work. Sit down to read and the flywheel of work-related thoughts keeps spinning—or else you’re so exhausted that a challenging book’s the last thing you need. The modern mind, Tim Parks, a novelist and critic, writes, “is overwhelmingly inclined toward communication… It is not simply that one is interrupted; it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.” Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which can’t be obtained merely bybecoming moreefficient. In fact, “becoming more efficient” is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency, goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and you’ll manage only goal-focused reading—useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,” writes Gary Eberle in his book Sacred Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.” No mind-set could be worse for losingyourself in abook. So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times for reading. You’d think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside time’s flow” into “soul time.” You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all times” can actually work, too—providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if you’re “making time to read,” but just reading, and making time foreverything else. 36 3631.Theusual time-management techniques don’t work because . [A]what they can offer does notease the modern mind [B]what people often forget is carrying abookwith them [C]what challenging books demand isrepetitivereading [D]what deep reading requires cannot be guaranteed 32.The“empty bottles” metaphorillustrates that people feel a pressure to . [A]updatetheirto-do lists [B]make passing timefulfilling [C]carry their plans through [D]pursuecarefree reading 33.Eberle would agree that scheduling regular timesfor reading helps . [A]promoteritualistic reading [B]encourage theefficiency mind-set [C]develop onlinereading habits [D]achieve immersivereading 34.“Carry abookwith you at all times”can work if . [A]reading becomes your primary business oftheday [B]all thedaily business has been promptly dealt with [C]you are able to dropback tobusiness after reading [D]timecan be evenly splitfor reading and business 35.Thebest titleforthis textcould be . [A]Howto Enjoy Easy Reading [B]Howto Set Reading Goals [C]Howto Find TimetoRead [D]Howto Read Extensively 37 372016年考研英语 Text4 Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and population structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found. Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home and retiring in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths forreaching it. Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by two parents working outsidethehome, thesurvey found. From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspects of American life, from consumerpreferences to housing patterns to politics. Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe itis harder for young people today to get started in lifethan it was for earlier generations. While younger people are somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life” face a tougher climb than earlier generations in reaching such signpost achievements as securing a good-paying job, starting afamily, managing debt, and finding affordable housing. Pete Schneider considers the climb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-year-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs, says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said, “I can’t afford to pay my monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to make that happen.” Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young. “I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didn’t have college degrees,” Schneider said. “I don’t think people are capable of that anymore.” 38 3836.Onecross-generation mark of asuccessful life is . [A]having afamily with children [B]trying out different lifestyles [C]working beyond retirement age [D]settingupa profitablebusiness 37.It can belearned from Paragraph 3that young people tend to . [A]favor aslowerlife pace [B]hold an occupation longer [C]attach importance to pre-marital finance [D]give priority tochildcare outsidethehome 38.Thepriorities and expectationsdefined bytheyoung will . [A]depend largely onpoliticalpreferences [B]reach almostall aspects ofAmerican life [C]focus onmaterialisticissues [D]become increasingly clear 39.Both young and oldagree that . [A]good-paying jobs are less available [B]theoldmade morelifeachievements [C]housing loans todayare easy toobtain [D]gettingestablished isharder forthe young 40.Whichof thefollowing istrue about Schneider? [A]Hethinks hisjob as a technician quitechallenging. [B]His parents’good lifehas littleto dowith acollegedegree. [C]His parents believe working steadily isa must forsuccess. [D]Hefounda dream jobafter graduating from college. 39 392017年考研英语 Text1 Every Saturday morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents; their times range from Andrew Baddeley’s world record 13minutes 48seconds upto an hour. Parkrun is succeeding where London’s Olympic “legacy” is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legacy of the Games would be to lever a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012—but the general population was growing faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a generation.” The success ofParkrun offers answers. 公众号：大叔考研，免费分享无水印PDF Parkrun is not a race but a timetrial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast, wanted to get more people doing sport and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots” concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in schools. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead ofwordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to domore to providetheconditions for sport tothrive. Orat leastnot make them worse. 40 40公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取21.According to Paragraph 1,Parkrun has ______. [A]created many jobs [B]gained great popularity [C]become anofficial festival [D]strengthened communityties 22.Theauthor believes that London’s Olympic “legacy”has failed to ______. [A]boostpopulation growth [B]improvethecity’s image [C]increase sport hours in schools [D]promotesport participation 23.Parkrun is different from Olympic gamesinthatit ______. [A]aimsat discovering talents [B]focuses onmass competition [C]does not emphasizeelitism [D]does not attract first-timers 24.With regard tomass sports, theauthor holdsthat governmentsshould ______. [A]increase funds for sports clubs [B]invest in publicsports facilities [C]organize“grassroots” sportsevents [D]superviselocal sports associations 25.Theauthor’s attitudeto what UK governments have donefor sports is______. [A]critical [B]tolerant [C]uncertain [D]sympathetic 41 412017 年考研英语 Text2 With so much focus on children’s use of screens, it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck you in,” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over intothefamily routine.” Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who used devices during the exercise started 20 per cent fewer verbal and 39 per cent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails whilethechildren would bemaking excited bids fortheirattention. Infants are wired to look at parents’ faces to try to understand their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device —it can be extremely disconcerting for the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment” devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback: The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother’s attention. “Parents don’t have to be exquisitely present at all times, but there needs to be a balance and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child’s verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,” says Radesky. On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids’ use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting” with their children: “It’s based on a somewhat fantasised, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if you’re failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.” Tronick believes that just because a child isn’t learning from the screen doesn’t mean there’s novalue toit –particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from theirchild. Parents, hesays, can get a lot out ofusing theirdevices to speak to a friend orget somework out ofthe way. This can make them feel happier, which lets them be moreavailable to theirchild therest ofthetime. 42 4226.According to JennyRadesky, digital products are designed to______. [A]absorb user attention [B]increase work efficiency [C]simplify routine matters [D]betterinterpersonal relations 27.Radesky’s food-testing exerciseshows that mothers’use ofdevices ______. [A]takes away babies’ appetite [B]distracts children’s attention [C]slows downbabies’verbal development [D]reduces mother-child communication 28.Radesky cites the “stillfaceexperiment” toshow that ______. [A]itis easy forchildren toget used to blank expressions [B]verbal expressions are unnecessary for emotional exchange [C]parents need torespond tochildren’semotional needs [D]children are insensitiveto changes in theirparents’mood 29.Theoppressive ideology mentioned byTronick requires parents to ______. [A]protect kids from exposureto wild fantasies [B]teach theirkids at least 30,000words ayear [C]remain concerned about kids’ useofscreens [D]ensure constant interaction with their children 30.According to Tronick, kids’use ofscreens may ______. [A]maketheirparents morecreative [B]give theirparents somefree time [C]help them with theirhomework [D]help them become moreattentive 43 432017 年考研英语 Text3 Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it seems silly to stay back a year, doesn’t it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesn’t feel natural to spend a year doing somethingthat isn’t academic. But while this may be true, it’s not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. There’s always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,” whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or a lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinderthesuccess of academicpursuits –infact, it probably enhances it. Studies from the United States and Australia show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes – all things that first-year students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimationblunders. If you’re not convinced of the inherent value in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isn’t surprising, considering the basic mandatory high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of the vast academic possibilities that await them in college. Many students find themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. It’s not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching too late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress andsave moneylater on. 44 4431.Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthat______. [A] they thinkit academically misleading [B]they have alot offun toexpect in college [C]it feels strange to dodifferently from others [D] itseems worthless to takeoff-campus courses 32.Studiesfrom theU.S.andAustralia imply that taking agap year helps ______. [A]relieve freshmen of pressures [B]lower risks inchoosing careers [C]ease freshmen’s financial burdens [D]keep students from being unrealistic 33.Theword “acclimation”(Para. 3)is closest in meaning to ______. [A]motivation [B]application [C]competition [D]adaptation 34.Agap year may savemoney for students byhelping them ______. [A]switch toanother college [B]decideontheright major [C]avoid academic failures [D]establish long-term goals 35.Themost suitabletitlefor thistextwould be ______. [A]In Favorofthe Gap Year [B]The ABCs ofthe Gap Year [C]The Gap Year ComesBack [D]TheGap Year: ADilemma 45 452017 年考研英语 Text4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says ProfessorMax Moritz,aspecialist infire ecology and management. In 2015,the U.S.Forest Service for thefirst timespent morethan halfof its$5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires – nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agency’s other work – such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and infrastructure upkeep –that affect thelives ofall Americans. Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars buildinghomes that are likely to belost toa wildfire? “It’s already a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,” he says. “We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, ‘Wait a minute, is this OK?’ Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts ofthelandscape?” Such a view would require a corresponding shift in the way U.S. society today views fire, researchers say. For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change – how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires. While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldn’t come at the expense of therest of theequation. “The human systems and the landscapes we live on are linked, and the interactions go both ways,” he says. Failing to recognize that, he notes, leads to “an overly simplified view of what the solutions might be. Our perception of the problem and ofwhat thesolutionis becomes very limited.” At the same time, people continue to treat fire as an event that needs to be wholly controlled and unleashed only out of necessity, says Professor Balch at the University of Colorado. But acknowledging fire’s inevitable presence in human life is an attitude crucial to developing the laws, policies, and practices that make it as safe as possible, shesays. “We’ve disconnected ourselves from living with fire,” Balch says. “It is really important to understand and try and tease out what is the human connection with fire today.” 46 4636. More frequent wildfires have become a national concern because in 2015 they ______. [A]consumed arecord-high percentage ofbudget [B]severely damaged theecology ofwestern states [C]caused a huge riseof infrastructure expenditure [D]exhaustedunprecedented management efforts 37.Moritzcalls for theuseof“amagnifying glass” to______. [A] avoid theredirection offederal money [B]find wildfire-free parts ofthelandscape [C]raisemorefunds forfire-prone areas [D] guarantee safer spendingof publicfunds 38.Whileadmitting that climate isa key element, Moritznotes that ______. [A]publicdebateshave not settled yet [B]ashift intheview offire has taken place [C]other factors shouldnot be overlooked [D]fire-fighting conditions are improving 39.Theoverly simplified view Moritzmentions isaresult of failing to ______. [A]discoverthe fundamental makeup ofnature [B]explorethemechanism of thehumansystems [C]understand theinterrelations ofman and nature [D]maximizetheroleof landscape in humanlife 40.ProfessorBalch pointsout that fire issomething man should ______. [A]doaway with [B]come toterms with [C]pay a price for [D]keep away from 47 47强化阅读核心技巧串讲总结 一、主旨提炼 整体解题步骤： 1. 题干关键信息： ① 第5题题干中的实意信息 ② 第5题选项中一致的名词、情感态度、答案方向 ③ 1-4题题干重复出现的实意名词 ④ 题干中暗示情感态度的特征词 2. 原文关键信息： ① 二段一句 ② 书如其人 3. 如主旨对象或判定触发特定敏感词，则代入相关终极定式 4. 按（5）、1、4、3、2、（5）的顺序， 具体分析题目，逐题击破 二、Monkey 五大终极定式 1. 社科类说明文——旧现象，新发现 识别特征： 主题常与心理、行为、认知、社会影响有关 学术味儿重，题干大量提及图书、理论、研究 ① 题干中往往询问多方的观点，且带有特殊的题干限定词 ② （如：原本、最初、过去、通常、大众；学界、现在、最近） ③ 典型特征词： social influence, peer, behavior, perception, recognition, psychology, brain 英一 2012T1 21.According to thefirst paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as 22.Rosenberg holds that public-health advocates should 23.In theauthor’s view, Rosenberg’s bookfails to 24.Paragraph 5shows that ourimitation ofbehaviors 25.Theauthor suggests inthe lastparagraph that theeffect ofpeer pressure is 48 48原理：社科研究的学科特性，决定了它必然是对某一个固有的乃至于极其常见且 普遍的社会现象的研究；同时，这一学科的主观性较强，导致了有价值的新观点 或新结论提出时，往往在推翻一个旧的大众认识或旧有的错误的不完善的研究结 论。而材料的“与时俱进”与科学研究方法的“实事求是”这两个特点叠加，决定了 文中结论势必是当时最正确最接近真理的。 典型结构：旧现象，新发现（反总分总） 大众通常认为/学界以往认为 对象+错误判定； 但最新的研究表明，这是错的，实际上 对象+正确判定。 需要优先锁定正确结论，免受文章开头的错误观点的误导 推论1：与时俱进+实事求是=必然正确 推论2：先天或后天是社科文的常见研究结论 24.Paragraph 5shows that ourimitation ofbehaviors [A]isharmful to ournetworks offriends. [B]will mislead behavioral studies. [C]occurs without ourrealizing it. [D]can produce negativehealth habits. 24.Ericsson and hiscolleagues believe that [A]talent isa dominatingfactorfor professional success. [B]biographical data providethekey toexcellent performance. [C]therole oftalent tends to be overlooked. [D]high achievers owetheir success mostlyto nurture. 先天、本能类词汇： intuitive 直觉的 inborn 与生俱来的 biological 生理上的 impulsive 冲动的 talent 天赋 genetic 遗传的 inherited 遗传的 unconscious 无意识的 instinctive 本能的 encoded、hard-wired DNA注定的 automatic 自动的 49 49后天、刻意而为类词汇： cultivate 培养 nurture 培养 training 训练 practice 练习 cognitive 认知的 conscious 有意识的 deliberate 刻意的 intended 有意的 2. 新事物、新科技——新事物，新形势，新挑战 识别特征： 文章主旨与高科技、新事物有关，或出现明显的新旧对比 典型特征词： machine, robot, automation, computerscience, big data, Facebook, AI, autonomous vehicle, renewableenergy, Deep Learning (深度学习),block chain (区块链), cloudcomputing (云计算), Internet ofThings (物联网),Virtual Reality(虚拟现实), privacy policy (隐私政策) 典型结构： 新事物（好在哪） 新形势（出现了哪些随之而来的新问题） 新挑战（政策、认知等旧事物该如何调整以应对新形势、解决新问题） 22.Whichof thefollowing best represents theauthor’s view? A. Worries about automation are in fact groundless. B. Optimists’opinionsonnew tech find little support. C. Issues arising from automation need to betackled. D. Negative consequences of newtech can beavoided. 推论1：新事物代表着事物发展方向 推论2：新事物优于旧事物，具有旧事物不可比拟的优越性 record music vs liveperformance parkrun vs Olympic Games renewable energy vs fossilfuel 50 50公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取推论3：新事物得到人民群众的拥护和支持 21.According to Paragraph 1,Parkrun has ______. [A]created many jobs [B]gained great popularity [C]become anofficial festival [D]strengthened communityties 24.According to thetext, which of thefollowingis trueof recordings? [A]They are often inferior toliveconcerts in quality. [B]They are easily accessibleto thegeneral public. [C]They help improvethequality ofmusic. [D]They have only covered masterpieces. 推论4：新事物战胜旧事物要经历一个曲折发展的过程 三种外部阻力： 旧事物的阻挠 ① 实践的错误 ② 认知的局限 ③ 三种内部瓶颈： 高价格 低供给 ① 窄应用 ② ③ 29.Whichof thefollowing istrue about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5& 6? A. Its application has boosted battery storage. B. It iscommonly used incar manufacturing. C. Its continuous supplyis becoming a reality. D. Its sustainableexploitation willremain difficult. 3. 旧事物的问题、危机——向死而生，希望犹存 51 51识别特征： 题干中出现了表示负面问题、改进建议与措施的词汇 全文主旨判定为负面，且文章从开篇就在讨论某个负面问题 ① ② 典型特征词： concern, was upset by, cast doubt on,worry, problem, criticized, lack, complain, should, to reduceunemployment, toreverse thenegative influence, solutionto theethical issues 典型结构： 新事物，新形势，旧事物应该却没能应对新挑战，要完，建议 or警醒 旧事物由于没能应对新挑战，出现了显著严峻的问题，建议 or警醒 ① 面临新挑战，现有的解决方案存在问题，末段提出新建议 or警醒 ② →问题诊断+解决办法 ③ 30.In thistext, the authormainly discusses [A]flawed ownership ofAmerica’s lawfirms and itscauses. [B]thefactors that help makeasuccessful lawyer in America. [C]aproblem inAmerica’s legal profession and solutions toit. [D]theroleof undergraduate studiesin America’slegal education. 推论1：应该积极地应对问题；对国家、民族的未来抱有希望 33.Thesolutionto theethical issues brought byautonomous vehicles A. can hardly ever befound. B. has aroused much curiosity. C. isstillbeyond our capacity. D. causes littlepublicconcern. 30.Themost appropriate titlefor this text would be [A]American Newspapers: Struggling forSurvival [B]American Newspapers: Gonewith theWind [C]American Newspapers: AThriving Business [D]American Newspapers: A Hopeless Story 推论2：文章末段总是建议或警醒 ① 常见的建议、警醒词汇： should, need to,berequired to,suggest, solution, lesson 52 52其中特别注意，“xx很重要”是一类常见的表达建议的方式： essential, crucial, vital, importance, central, matters, critical ② 40.Whichof thefollowing would bethebest titleforthetext? [A]Ways to Grasp “The Heart oftheMatter” [B]Illiberal Education and “TheHeart of theMatter” [C]The AAAS’s Contributionto Liberal Education [D]ProgressivePolicy vs. Liberal Education 35.Whichof thefollowing couldbethe mostappropriate titleforthetext? [A]Howto Innovate OurWork Practices? [B]Machines willReplace Human Labor [C]Can WeWintheRace Against Machines? [D]EconomicDownturns Stimulate Innovations 推论3：should=failto=该做却没能做到=批评+分析+建议 ① ② Theauthor believes that London’s Olympic “legacy”has failed to [A]boostpopulation growth [B] improvethecity’s image [C]increase sport hours in schools [D]promotesport participation According to Paragraph 1,Parkrun has ______. [A]created many jobs [B] gained great popularity [C]become anofficial festival [D]strengthened community ties 53 53推论4：出问题的旧事物没能应对新形势、新挑战 ① ② 39.Peretti believes that in achanging world [A]traditional luxuries can stay unaffected [B]cautiousness facilitates problem-solving [C]aggressiveness better meets challenges [D]legacy businesses are becoming out dated 新旧事物发展光谱： 新事物： 新形势： 新挑战： 旧事物： 向死而生，希望犹存： →新事物的诸多优点反之既是旧事物的缺点与问题所在： 4. 司法类文章——司法类文章终极定式 识别特征： 题干中多次出现最高法院、大法官、判决、案件等司法概念 文章与某个具体的法律案件、法庭裁决、法律修改有关 ① ② 典型特征词： case, Justice, theSupreme Court, ruling, Act, legal, law 典型结构： 因法院判决意义重大且不容曲解。相关文章往往会在首段清晰地写明相关诉讼涉 及的对象，法庭判决的结果，以及作者对该判决的外延影响的初步解读。 →文章首段一般会客观陈述总结法院的判决结果 40.In dealing with theSupreme Court decision Thursday, theauthor A. presents itsmain points withconflicting views onthem. B. gives a factual account ofit anddiscusses its consequences. 54 54C. cites somecases related to itand analyzes theirimplications. D. describes thelong andcomplicated process ofits making. 原理：英美法律体系基于 Common LawSystem 判例法系 In acommon law system, thelawis created byprecedents set after judges decide actual cases. Whenajudge hears acase that has a new issueinit, thejudge makes a decision regarding theissuein thecase. That decision then becomes aprecedent that mustbe followed byother courts with equal standing within thelegal system. The precedent remains lawunless and untila higher court overturns thedecision. The practiceof followingdecisions made byothercourts for similarissues is known as stare decisis. 推论1：判决往往与新事物有关 推论2：新案件的判决结果将成为通用判例 Whichof thefollowing istrue oftheBilski case? [A]Its rulingcomplies with thecourt decisions. [B]It involves avery bigbusiness transaction. [C]It has been dismissed bytheFederal Circuit. [D]It may change thelegal practices in theU.S. In theauthor’s view, the Vermont case willtest [A]Entergy’s capacity tofulfill all itspromises. [B]thenature ofstates’ patchwork regulations. [C]thefederal authority over nuclear issues. [D]thelimits ofstates’power over nuclear issues. 推论3：最高法院以及最高大法官是正义的化身 ① ② ③ 55 5540.Theauthor’s attitudetoward thecourt’sruling is [A]sarcastic. [B]tolerant. [C]skeptical. [D]supportive. 推论4：只有最高法有权对宪法进行解读 30.Orin Kerrs comparison isquoted toindicate that [A]theConstitutionshould beimplemented flexibly. [B]New technology requires reinterpretation oftheConstitution. [C]California’s argument violates principles oftheConstitution. [D]Principles oftheConstitution shouldnever be altered. 33.According to theauthor, competition law______. A. should serve thenewmarket powers B. may worsen the economicimbalance C. cannot keep pace with thechanging market D. should not providejustone legal solution 34.Competition lawas presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because______. A. they are not financially reliable B. they are notdefined as customers C. theservices are generally digital D. theservices are paid for byadvertisers 推论5：司法判决结果是双刃剑 二元对立型案件或明显牵扯多方利益的司法判决，需要优先关注： ① ② ③ 重要司法类词汇整理： jury n. 陪审团 judge n. 法官 defendant n. 被告 suspect n. 嫌犯 defensev. 为...辩护 verdict n. 判决结果 rulev. 判决 conviction n. 定罪 56 56prohibitv. 禁止 rule out v. 禁止 object v. 反对 overrule v. 推翻 overturn v. 推翻 reject v. 驳回 SupremeCourt 最高法院 theJustice 最高大法官 Federal Circuit 联邦法院 constitutionn. 宪法 unconstitutionaladj. 违宪的 amendment n. 修正案 legitimateadj. 合法的 legal adj. 合法的 illegal adj. 非法的 jurisdictionn. 司法 legal practice n. 司法实践 legislationn. 立法 Tomvs. Jerry Tom 与Jerry 对峙的官司 xxAct n.xx法案 case n. 案件 5. 政府政策类文章——政府政策是背锅侠 识别特征： 题干、文章中多次出现政府、政策、立法者、国会、联邦、州等概念 典型特征词： Congress, publicsector, state, federal, government, WhiteHouse, Administration, policy, legislator, officials 典型结构：无 原理： 政府政策本质上的滞后性导致它往往存在缺陷，是各种问题的背锅侠 政府政策的出发点和初衷总是好的，但往往没实现初衷 导致政府政策不给力的外部阻力 导致政府政策不给力的内部矛盾 1. 政府政策本质上的滞后性导致它往往存在缺陷，是各种问题的背锅侠 26.Britain’s publicsentimentabout thecountryside [A]isnot well reflected inpolitics [B]is fully backed bytheroyal family [C]didn’t start tilltheShakespearean age [D]has brought much benefit tothe NHS 57 572. 政府政策的出发点和初衷总是好的，但往往没实现初衷 ① 24.Theauthor suggests that tax policies beaimed at A. encouraging thedevelopment ofautomation. B. increasing the return oncapital investment. C. easing thehostility between rich and poor. D. preventing theincomegap from widening. ② 21.George Osborne’s scheme was intended to 27.Whatwas theoriginal purpose ofgrade forgiveness? ③ 21.According to Paragraph 1,one motivein imposingthenew ruleis to A. guarantee thebonuses oftop executives. B. enhance bankers’sense ofresponsibility. C. buildanew system offinancial regulation. D. help corporations achieve larger profits. ④ 24.With regard tomass sports, theauthor holdsthat governments should ______. [A]increase funds for sports clubs [B]invest in publicsports facilities [C]organize“grassroots” sportsevents [D]superviselocal sports associations 23.Whatpromoted thechancellorto develop his scheme? [D]Apassion to ensure fairness for taxpayers. 3. 导致政府政策不给力的内外阻力 58 58Hindranceto thereform of thelegal system originates from A. therigid bodies governing theprofession. According to Paragraph 2,theUSPSfails to modernizeitselfdueto A. theinterference from interest groups. 4. 导致政府政策不给力的制度矛盾 三权分立制： ① 联邦政府制： ② 国会两党制： ③ 【重要通识】美国政治体制——三权分立 行政受限—白宫、总统、政府 Administration—theWhite House, the President, Washington D.C., Federal government, State government 立法民主—国会 Legislation—theCongress（Democraticvs Republican）, Senate, senator, policymaker, legislation hall 司法独立—最高法院 Jurisdiction—Supreme Court、theJustice(s)（9法官投票制）、 theinterpretation ofConstitution（宪法解释权） 【重要通识】美国政治体制——联邦政府制 United States ofAmerica=50 个州组成的联邦国家 10thAmendment to theUnited StatesConstitution 宪法第10修正案：宪法未明确授予联邦政府的权利，保留给各州。 Federal government—联邦政府（白宫、总统、华盛顿） 国家层面的行政、立法、司法（财政、国防、出入境管理、税务等） Stategovernment—各州政府（常见州名阅读中积累） 完全在州界内的事务以及联邦政府未被授权的事务 59 59三、局部解题技巧 谁是我们的朋友，谁是我们的敌人？这个问题是革命的首要问题。 ——毛泽东 1. 作者态度题必错选项： 无态度，失公允，皆为下等文章； 舔狗与丧家之犬，难登大雅之堂。 无态度： puzzled, tolerance, tolerant, indifference, indifferent, hesitate, hesitancy, ambiguous, acceptance, uncertain, understand, trivial 注意：中立（objective, neutral）不是无态度词 失公允： contempt, contemptuous, sarcastic, biased, scornful, conceited, indulgence, indulgent, permissive 舔狗：satisfaction, enthusiastic, appreciation, appreciative, gratitude 丧家之犬：desperate, hopeless, destructive 2. 作者态度题正向秒杀技巧： 22.Theauthor’s attitudetoward Americans’watching TVis [A]critical [B]supportive [C]sympathetic [D]ambiguous 3. 存在先于本质 33.Whichof thefollowing istrue about therecent annual study? [A]It excludes GDP as an indicator. [B]It is sponsored by163countries. [C]Its criteria are questionable. [D]Its results are enlightening. 60 60公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取谁是“我们”？ “我们”是谁？这真正决定了敌友、好坏、对错。 ——屁股决定脑袋，立场决定态度！ 1. 一个人的 决定了他在某个问题上的立场 33.Giovanni Parmigiani believes that theestablishment of theSBoRE may [A]poseathreat to all itspeers. [B]meet with strong opposition. [C]increase Sciences circulation. [D]set an examplefor otherjournals. 30.JayLininger would most likely support _____. [A]industrygroups [B]thewin-win rhetoric [C]environmental groups [D]theplanunder challenge 27.Judging from thecontext,the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably means ___. A. generating motivation B. exertinginfluence C. causing damage D. creating pressure 2. 作者所站的角度以及他思考问题的出发点，决定了他后续给出的结论和建议。 31.According to Paragraph 1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp forits ______. 32.Linking phone numbers toFacebook identities may ______. 33.According to theauthor, competition law______. 34.Competition lawas presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because______. 35.Theants analogy is usedto illustrate______. 32.Linking phone numbers toFacebook identities may A. posea risk toFacebook users B. mislead the European commission C. worsen political disputes D. mess upcustomer records 61 613. 走群众路线 出于报刊受众群体与阅读量的考虑，作者所站的角度以及思考问题的出发点，往 往是广大人民群众。 金坷垃，好处都有啥？ 27.Whatwas theoriginal purpose ofgrade forgiveness? A. Tomaintain colleges’graduation rates. B. Toincrease universities’ incomefrom tuition. C. Toprepare graduates for a challenging future. D. Tohelp freshmen adapt to collegelearning. 金坷垃，坏处都有啥？ 21.Whowill bemost threatened byautomation? A. Leading politicians. B. Low-wage laborers. C. Robotowners. D. Middle-class workers. 4. 同敌人划清界限 40.Whichof thefollowing can beinferred from thelast paragraph? [A]Having children contributes littleto theglamour ofcelebrity moms. [B]Celebrity moms haveinfluenced our attitudetowards child rearing. [C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction withlife. [D]Wesometimes neglect thehappiness from child rearing. 23.Deborah Seehorn believes thatthe skillslearned at Flatiron will_____. [A]help students learn other computer languages [B]have to beupgraded when new technologies come [C]need improvingwhen students look forjobs [D]enable studentsto make big quick money 5. 企业经营的万金油优缺点 62 6226.It issuggested in Paragraph 1that “behavioural”ads help advertisers to [A]ease competitionamong themselves. [B]lower theiroperational costs. [C]avoid complaints from consumers. [D]providebetter onlineservices. 36.TheNewYork Timesis considering ending it’s printedition partly dueto [A]theincreasing onlinead sales [B]thepressure from itsinvestors [C]thecomplaints from its readers [D]thehigh cost ofoperation 6. 以小见大，心系天下，心系当下 段落细节为段落主旨服务，段落主旨为全文主旨服务。 而报刊文章的主旨永远专注于当前和未来。 除文章末段经常做建议、警醒等升华外，各段及其内部细节存在的目的，无外乎 引出主旨、总结主旨、论证主旨三种，其中首段大概率起到引出主旨话题的作用。 ① 主旨：自动化导致的失业问题 21.Thejokein Paragraph 1is used toillustrate____. [A]theimpact oftechnological advances [B]thealleviation of jobpressure [C]theshrinkage oftextilemills [D]thedecline ofmiddle-class incomes 主旨：机场安检存在排长队的问题 21.Thecrash of EgyptAir Flight 804ismentioned to [A]stress theurgency tostrengthen security worldwide. [B]explainAmericans’ tolerance of current security checks. [C]highlight thenecessity ofupgrading majorU.S.airports. 63 63[D]emphasizetheimportanceof privacy protection. 主旨：报刊上的艺术评论现在越来越少 24.Whatcan be learned about Cardus according to thelast two paragraphs? [A]Hismusiccriticism maynot appeal to readers today. [B]His reputation as amusiccritic haslong been in dispute. [C]His style caters largely to modern specialists. [D]Hiswritings fail tofollowthe amateur tradition. ② 常见题干限定词： 过去：usedto, before, previous… （但现在…） 初衷：was intended to,original purpose… （但现在…） 通常：commonly, often… （一般认为…，但实际情况是…） 大众：mostpeople, general public （大众认为…，但研究表明…） 现在：recent, latest, has done, now 主旨：在家比在公司压力大 21.According to Paragraph 1,most previous surveys foundthat home [A]offered greater relaxation than theworkplace [B]was anideal place for stress measurement [C]generated morestress than theworkplace [D]was anunrealisticplace forrelaxation 31.According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become [A]moreemotional [B]more objective [C]less energetic [D]less strategic Even intraditional offices, “thelingua franca ofcorporate America hasgotten much moreemotional and much moreright-brained than it was 20years ago,”said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. Shestarted spinningoffexamples. “If you and Iparachuted back toFortune 500companies in 1990,we would seemuch less frequent useof terms likejourney, mission, passion.There were goals, there were 64 64strategies, there were objectives, but wedidn’t talk about energy; we didn’ttalk about passion.” ③ 25.Whatwould be thebest titleforthetext? [A]Newspapers of theGood Old Days [B]The Lost Horizon in Newspapers [C]Mournful Decline of Journalism [D]ProminentCritics in Memory 40.Whichof thefollowing would bethebest titleforthetext? A. TheUSPS Startsto Miss Its Good Old Days B. ThePostalService: Keep Away from My Cheese C. TheUSPS:ChronicIllness Requires a Quick Cure D. ThePostal Service Needs Morethan a Band-Aid ④ 主旨：高管裸辞成为新常态 29.It can beinferred from thelast paragraph that [A]topperformers usedto cling to theirposts. [B]loyalty oftop performers is getting out-dated. [C]top performers care more about reputations. [D]it’s safer tostick to thetraditional rules. 主旨：职业教育很重要 23.Wecan infer from Paragraph 5that high school graduates ______. A. used tohave big financial concerns B. used tohave more job opportunities C. are reluctant to work in manufacturing D. are entitled to moreeducational privileges 65 65主旨：报刊上的艺术评论快消失了 22.Newspaper reviews inEngland before WorldWar II were characterized by [A]free themes. [B]casual style. [C]elaborate layout. [D]radical viewpoints. 主旨：现在的年轻人太艰难了 40.Whichof thefollowing istrue about Schneider? [A]Hefounda dream jobafter graduating from college. [B]His parents believe working steadily isa must forsuccess. [C]His parents’good lifehas littleto dowith acollegedegree. [D]Hethinks hisjob as a technician quitechallenging. 7. 文章结构题、论述手法题， （所问即所答，所问即主旨） 25.In thistext, the authorpresents aproblem with A. opposing views onit. B. possiblesolutions to it. C. itsalarming impacts. D. itsmajorvariations. 40.In discussing theUS jury system, thetextcenters on____. [A]itsnature and problems [B]itscharacteristics and tradition [C]itsproblems and theirsolutions [D]itstradition and development 66 66四、实战解题步骤 解题是充满不确定性的动态过程，Monkey 大法是科学的实战策略 一、主旨的猜想与验证 1. 题干关键主旨信息： 第5题题干中的实意信息 第5题选项中一致的名词、情感态度、答案方向 ① 1-4题题干重复出现的实意名词 ② 题干中暗示情感态度的特征词 ③ ④ 2. 原文关键主旨信息： 二段一句 书如其人 ① ② 3. 结合5、1两道【主旨题】的选项以及回文验证，进一步确定主旨 注：如果至此对主旨仍然没有一点思路和线索，则 ① 重点看5题（全文主旨题）的四个选项，它给了我们四个可能的主旨方向。 ② 以做细节题的方式攻破第1题，从原文的具体信息中得到主旨 ③ 利用主旨进行后续的解题。 4. 按（5）、1、2、3、4（5）的顺序逐题击破 注：如果5、1题回文阅读也暂时无法得到主旨，则抛弃主旨解题思路，把 1-4 题当细节题用传统思路解题，回头再做第 5题。找主旨并非我们的根本目的，而 是要借主旨更好的完成解题。 5. 主旨的验证贯解题的全过程，而非“一锤子买卖”。如果我们猜想的主旨是 错的，那基于错误主旨得到的“疑似答案”也必然是错的，这个错误在回文验证 答案时必然会暴露，也就给了我们纠正主旨的提示与机会。 二、题目答案的猜想与验证 1. 有明显的疑似答案时，按以下优先级依次回文验证 与主旨一致的选项 符合原理性技巧或定式规律的选项 ① 仅有个别特征词符合技巧的选项 ② ③ 2. 无明显的疑似答案时，做好以下基本的筛选与分类，并回文验证 筛选与主旨话题有关的选项 按态度倾向（褒贬、好坏、对错）给选项分类 ① ② 3. 确定题目对应的解题段，回原文验证 ① 题干没有明显定位词时，利用题文同序原则或选项的特征词定位到解题段 ② 段落首尾句（往往是段落主旨）＞命题句＞命题句的上下句＞其他句子 ③ 验证时，关注能读懂的，确定性的信息！不要对着长难句或生词瞎脑补 ④ 如果原文啥也读不懂，那就利用上述的选项优先级去蒙猜大概率正确的答案 67 67强化完形-导学规划 一、完形填空考什么？ 与仔细阅读互补，主要考察微观阅读能力，具体考点可做如下细分： 基础：常见词汇，逻辑关系词和连词（60%） 中等：常见词组，连贯性与一致性（25%） 偏难：熟词僻义，介词，近义词辨析（15%） 二、为什么学完形填空？ 1. 提分！ 完形填空的难度：英语一略难于英语二（1 分） 10-17 早年完形明显难于 18-22 近年完形（2 分） 各分段目标： 无差别保 4：暴力技巧，一小时即可掌握（5min） 60 分+争 7：积累常见词汇、词组、逻辑关系词（8min） 80 分+冲 9：熟词僻义、介词理解（15min） 2. 强化语言硬实力 完形填空的选项内容最能代表命题人的语言风格以及命题点， 且语言知识点密度极大！ 68 68故通过无差别的学习每年 80 个完形选项，可极大的减少试卷题干、 选项、解题关键句中的生词，增强理解的准度和深度。 此外，完形填空的解题试错过程涉及一定程度的主动语言运用， 因而对写作能力（尤其是遣词造句、逻辑顺承）也有提高作用。 三、完形填空怎么学？ 1. 全年规划：从微观到宏观，从能力到应试 7-8 月强化阶段：从语言层面精讲选项与原文（10x1h） 10-14 英语二 and 10-14 英语一=10 篇完形真题 9-11 月真题大串讲：微观解题、蒙题思路(8x0.5h) 15-22 年英语二 or 英语一=8 篇完形真题 12 月逆天改命班：3-5 分钟无脑保 4 争 5 的宏观方法(30min) 2. 暑期强化课规划： 10 篇真题，每篇 3 天，每天 30 分钟左右，整体与强化阅读同步进行 Day1：独立解题+对参考答案+查清选项生词（30min） Day2：听课+讲义上记笔记（40min） Day3：对着题干复盘+难点整理笔记+生词记背（20min） 多体会正确答案的合理之处，少纠结错误选项“为什么不行” 语言习惯、固定搭配没有道理可讲，完形选的是“最佳选项” 69 692010 年英语二完形填空真题 The outbreak of swineflu that was first detected in Mexico was declared aglobal epidemic on June 11, 2009. It is the first worldwide epidemic_____1_____ by the WorldHealth Organization in 41years. The heightened alert _____2_____an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia, and rising_____3_____in Britain, Japan, Chileand elsewhere. But the epidemic is "_____4_____" in severity, according to Margaret Chan, the organization's director general, _____5_____ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery, often in the _____6_____ of any medical treatment. The outbreak came to global_____7_____in late April 2009, when Mexican authorities noted an unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths_____8_____healthy adults. As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic, cases began to _____9_____in New York City, the southwestern United States andaround theworld. In the United States, new cases seemed to fade_____10_____warmer weather arrived. But in late September 2009, officials reported there was _____11_____flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the_____12_____tested are the new swine flu, also known as (A) H1N1, not seasonal flu. In the U.S., it has_____13_____more than one million people, and caused more than 600deaths and morethan 6,000hospitalizations. Federal health officials_____14_____Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began_____15_____orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine. The new vaccine, which is different from the annual flu vaccine, is ____16_____ ahead of expectations. More than three million doses were to be made available in early October 2009, though most of those _____17_____doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type, which is not_____18_____for pregnant women, people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties, heart disease or several other _____19_____. But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups: health careworkers, people _____20_____infants and healthy young people. 70 70公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取1.[A]criticized [B]appointed [C]commented [D]designated 2.[A]proceeded [B]activated [C]followed [D]prompted 3.[A]digits [B]numbers [C]amounts [D]sums 4.[A]moderate [B]normal [C]unusual [D]extreme 5.[A]with [B]in [C]from [D]by 6.[A]progress [B]absence [C]presence [D]favor 7.[A]reality [B]phenomenon [C]concept [D]notice 8.[A]over [B]for [C]among [D]to 9.[A]stayup [B]cropup [C]fillup [D]coverup 10.[A]as [B]if [C]unless [D]until 11.[A]excessive [B]enormous [C]significant [D]magnificent 12.[A]categories [B]examples [C]patterns [D]samples 13.[A]imparted [B]immersed [C]injected [D]infected 14.[A]released [B]relayed [C]relieved [D]remained 15.[A]placing [B]delivering [C]taking [D]giving 16.[A]feasible [B]available [C]reliable [D]applicable 17.[A]prevalent [B]principal [C]innovative [D]initial 18.[A]presented [B]restricted [C]recommended [D]introduced 19.[A]problems [B]issues [C]agonies [D]sufferings 20.[A]involvedin [B]caringfor [C]concernedwith [D]wardingoff 71 712011 年英语二完形填空真题 The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across theWeb. Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ? Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyber-czar, offered the federal government a 4 to make the Web a safer place—a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would bethe high-tech 5 of aphysical key,afingerprint anda photo ID card, all rolled 6 one.The system might use a smart identity card, or adigital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of onlineservices. The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identity systems. User could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet driver’s license 10 bythegovernment. Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services. 12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” in cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a 13 community. Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 , trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure 15 which the transaction runs.” Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would 17 be a compulsory Internet “driver’s license” mentality. The plan has also been greeted with 18 bysome computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet 19 . They argue that all Internet users should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to driveon publicroads. 72 721.[A]swept [B]skipped [C]walked [D]ridden 2.[A]for [B]within [C]while [D]though 3.[A]careless [B]lawless [C]pointless [D]helpless 4.[A]reason [B]reminder [C]compromise [D]proposal 5.[A]information [B]interference [C]entertainment [D]equivalent 6.[A]by [B]into [C]from [D]over 7.[A]linked [B]directed [C]chained [D]compared 8.[A]dismiss [B]discover [C]create [D]improve 9.[A]recall [B]suggest [C]select [D]realize 10.[A]released [B]issued [C]distributed [D]delivered 11.[A]carryon [B]lingeron [C]setin [D]login 12.[A]Invain [B]Ineffect [C]Inreturn [D]Incontrast 13.[A]trusted [B]modernized [C]thriving [D]competing 14.[A]caution [B]delight [C]confidence [D]patience 15.[A]on [B]after [C]beyond [D]across 16.[A]divided [B]disappointed [C]protected [D]united 17.[A]frequently [B]incidentally [C]occasionally [D]eventually 18.[A]skepticism [B]tolerance [C]indifference [D]enthusiasm 19.[A]manageable [B]defendable [C]vulnerable [D]invisible 20.[A]invited [B]appointed [C]allowed [D]forced 73 732012 年英语二完形填空真题 Millions of Americans and foreigners see G. I. Joe as a mindless war toy, the symbol of American military adventurism, but that’s not how it used to be. To the men and women who 1 in World War II and the people they liberated, the G. I. was the 2 man grown into hero, the poor farm kid torn away from his home, the guy who 3 all the burdens of battle, who slept in cold foxholes, who went without the 4 of food and shelter, who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder. This was not a volunteer soldier, not someone well paid, 5 an average guy, up 6 the best trained, best equipped, fiercest, most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name isn’t much. G. I. is just a military abbreviation 7 Government Issue, and it was on all of the articles 8 to soldiers. And Joe? A common name for a guy who never 9 it to the top. Joe Blow, Joe Palooka, Joe Magrac… a working class name. The United States has 10 had a president or vice-president orsecretary ofstateJoe. G. I. Joe had a 11 career fighting German, Japanese, and Korean troops. He appears as a character, or a 12 of American personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of G. I. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle 13 portrayed themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the 14 side of the war, writing about the dirt-snow-and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were 15 or what towns were captured or liberated. His reports 16 the “Willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men 17 the dirt and exhaustion of war, the 18 of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. 19 Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries, G. I. Joe was any American soldier, 20 themost important person in theirlives. 74 741.[A]served [B]performed [C]rebelled [D]betrayed 2.[A]actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal 3.[A]loaded [B]eased [C]removed [D]bore 4.[A]necessities [B]facilities [C]commodities [D]properties 5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence 6.[A]for [B]into [C]from [D]against 7.[A]implying [B]meaning [C]symbolizing [D]claiming 8.[A]handedout [B]turnedover [C]broughtback [D]passeddown 9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed 10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither 11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished 12.[A]company [B]community [C]collection [D]colony 13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned 14.[A]human [B]military [C]political [D]ethical 15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained 16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted 17.[A]neglected [B]emphasized [C]avoided [D]admired 18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advances 19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond 20.[A]onthecontrary [B]bythismeans [C]fromtheoutset [D]atthatpoint 75 752013 年英语二完形填空真题 Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 , a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon “revolutionize the very 3 of money itself,” only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to acashless society been so 5 in coming? Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of “float”—it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer’s account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments are immediate, they eliminatethefloat fortheconsumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else’s accounts. The 18 ofthis type of fraud is noeasy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violatingour privacy. 76 761.[A]Moreover [B]However [C]Therefore [D]Otherwise 2.[A]off [B]back [C]over [D]around 3.[A]power [B]concept [C]history [D]role 4.[A]reverse [B]resist [C]resume [D]reward 5.[A]silent [B]sudden [C]slow [D]steady 6.[A]for [B]against [C]with [D]on 7.[A]expensive [B]imaginative [C]sensitive [D]productive 8.[A]similar [B]original [C]temporary [D]dominant 9.[A]collect [B]copy [C]provide [D]print 10.[A]giveup [B]takeover [C]bringback [D]passdown 11.[A]before [B]after [C]since [D]when 12.[A]kept [B]borrowed [C]withdrawn [D]released 13.[A]Unless [B]Because [C]Until [D]Though 14.[A]hide [B]express [C]ease [D]raise 15.[A]analyzed [B]shared [C]stored [D]displayed 16.[A]unsafe [B]unnatural [C]unclear [D]uncommon 17.[A]steal [B]choose [C]benefit [D]return 18.[A]consideration [B]prevention [C]manipulation [D]justification 19.[A]callfor [B]fightagainst [C]adaptto [D]copewith 20.[A]chunk [B]chip [C]trail [D]path 77 772014 年英语二完形填空真题 Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ofgood health. Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese. While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matterof weight thanbodyfat. Somepeoplewith ahigh BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone witha small framemay have high bodyfat but a13BMI. Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace. The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power, and lower prospects for success. Teachers, employers, and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about bodybuildhas long been a problem inschools. Negative attitudes toward obesity, 18 in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity 19 . My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign 20 childhood obesity, even claimingthat it represents ourgreatest national security threat. 78 781.[A]denied [B]concluded [C]doubted [D]ensured 2.[A]protective [B]dangerous [C]sufficient [D]troublesome 3.[A]Instead [B]However [C]Likewise [D]Therefore 4.[A]indicator [B]objective [C]origin [D]example 5.[A]impact [B]relevance [C]assistance [D]concern 6.[A]intermsof [B]incaseof [C]infavorof [D]inrespectof 7.[A]measures [B]determines [C]equals [D]modifies 8.[A]inessence [B]incontrast [C]inturn [D]inpart 9.[A]complicated [B]conservative [C]variable [D]straightforward 10.[A]so [B]while [C]since [D]unless 11.[A]shape [B]spirit [C]balance [D]taste 12.[A]start [B]qualify [C]retire [D]stay 13.[A]strange [B]changeable [C]normal [D]constant 14.[A]option [B]reason [C]opportunity [D]tendency 15.[A]employed [B]pictured [C]imitated [D]monitored 16.[A]compared [B]combined [C]settled [D]associated 17.[A]Even [B]Still [C]Yet [D]Only 18.[A]despised [B]corrected [C]ignored [D]grounded 19.[A]discussions [B]businesses [C]policies [D]studies 20.[A]for [B]against [C]with [D]without 79 792010 年英语一完形填空真题 In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how shop-floor lighting 1 workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very 3 of being experimented upon changedsubjects' behavior. The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the plant. According to 5 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7 something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers' behavior 10 itself. After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric analysis. The Hawthorne experiments has another surprise in store. 12 the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting. It turns out that the peculiar way of conducting the experiments may have led to 14 interpretations of what happened. 15 , lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16 rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18 , a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday. Workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard topin down. 80 80公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取1. [A]affected [B]achieved [C]extracted [D]restored 2. [A]at [B]up [C]with [D]off 3. [A]truth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof 4. [A]controversial [B]perplexing [C]mischievous [D]ambiguous 5. [A]requirements [B]explanations [C]accounts [D]assessments 6. [A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work 7. [A]asfaras [B]forfearthat [C]incasethat [D]solongas 8. [A]awareness [B]expectation [C]sentiment [D]illusion 9. [A]suitable [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant 10. [A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by 11. [A]compared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed 12. [A]Contraryto [B]Consistentwith[C]Parallelwith [D]Peculiarto 13. [A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source 14. [A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]reliable [D]misleading 15. [A]Incontrast [B]Forexample [C]Inconsequence [D]Asusual 16. [A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly 17. [A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued 18. [A]Therefore [B]Furthermore [C]However [D]Meanwhile 19. [A]attempted [B]tended [C]chose [D]intended 20. [A]breaking [B]climbing [C]surpassing [D]hitting 81 812011 年英语一完形填空真题 Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious tohealth.” But 1 some claims to the contrary,laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, 3 heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 , a good laugh is unlikely to have 5 benefitstheway,say,walking or jogging does. 6 , instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the 7 . Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter 8 muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down. Such bodily reaction might conceivably help 9 the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback that improve an individual’s emotional state. 11 one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but they become sad when thetears begin to flow. Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow 15 muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to 16 a pen either with their teeth—thereby creating an artificial smile—or with their lips, which would produce a(n) 17 expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 more enthusiastically to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, 19 that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around. 20 , the physical act of laughter could improve mood. 82 821.[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like 2.[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce 3.[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining 4.[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe 5.[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable 6.[A]Inturn [B]Infact [C]Inaddition [D]Inbrief 7.[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected 8.[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes 9.[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance 10.[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal 11.[A]Exceptfor [B]Accordingto [C]Dueto [D]Asfor 12.[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at 13.[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because 14.[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses 15.[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond 16.[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold 17.[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent 18.[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted 19.[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing 20.[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]Conversely 83 832012 年英语一完形填空真题 The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot 1 its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law 2 justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that 3 thecourt’s reputation forbeingindependent and impartial. Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be 4 as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not 5 by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself 6 to the code of conduct that 7 tothe rest ofthe federal judiciary. This and other similar cases 8 the question of whether there is still a 9 between thecourt and politics. The framers of the Constitution envisioned law 10 having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions 11 they would be free to 12 those in power and have no need to 13 political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely 14 . Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social 15 like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it 16 is inescapably political—which is why decisions splitalong ideological lines are soeasily 17 as unjust. The justices must 18 doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves 19 to the code of conduct. That would make their rulings more likelyto be seen as separatefrom politics and, 20 ,convincing as law. 84 841.[A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D]recognize 2.[A]when [B]lest [C]before [D]unless 3.[A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D]eliminated 4.[A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D]accepted 5.[A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded 6.[A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone 7.[A]resorts [B]sticks [C]leads [D]applies 8.[A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle 9.[A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict 10.[A]by [B]as [C]through [D]towards 11.[A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though 12.[A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace 13.[A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer 14.[A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied 15.[A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conventions 16.[A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls 17.[A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted 18.[A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore 19.[A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable 20.[A]byallmeans [B]atallcosts [C]inaword [D]asaresult 85 852013 年英语一完形填空真题 People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr Uri Simonsohn speculated that an inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only toforced community serviceonthat day. To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during thesameday,but Dr Simonsohn suspected thetruth was 11 . He studied the results of 9,323 MBAinterviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant’s score on the Graduate Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardised exam which is 16 out of800 points, to make adecision onwhether to accept him orher. Dr Simonsonh found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate would need 30 moreGMATpointsthanwould otherwise have been 20 . 86 861.[A]grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers 2.[A]minor [B]external [C]crucial [D]objective 3.[A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]moment 4.[A]Aboveall [B]Onaverage [C]Inprinciple [D]Forexample 5.[A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D]thoughtless 6.[A]in [B]for [C]to [D]on 7.[A]if [B]until [C]though [D]unless 8.[A]test [B]emphasize [C]share [D]promote 9.[A]decision [B]quality [C]status [D]success 10.[A]found [B]studied [C]chosen [D]identified 11.[A]otherwise [B]defensible [C]replaceable [D]exceptional 12.[A]inspired [B]expressed [C]conducted [D]secured 13.[A]assigned [B]rated [C]matched [D]arranged 14.[A]put [B]got [C]took [D]gave 15.[A]instead [B]then [C]ever [D]rather 16.[A]selected [B]passed [C]marked [D]introduced 17.[A]below [B]after [C]above [D]before 18.[A]jump [B]float [C]fluctuate [D]drop 19.[A]achieve [B]undo [C]maintain [D]disregard 20.[A]necessary [B]possible [C]promising [D]helpful 87 872014 年英语一完形填空真题 As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love.As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a(n) ___4___impact onourprofessional, social, and personal ___5___. Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___mental effort. Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain theirmental ___14___. The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increaseresistance and vary your muscleuse. 88 881. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why 2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses 3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While 4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure 5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook 6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures 7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations 8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion 9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process 10.[A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature 11.[A]Therefore [B]Moreover [C]Otherwise [D]However 12.[A]accordingto [B]regardlessof [C]apartfrom [D]insteadof 13.[A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around 14.[A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility 15.[A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows 16.[A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace 17.[A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on 18.[A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually 19.[A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take 20.[A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiar 89 89强化新题型-导学规划 一、学习目标 不超过20分钟的作答时间内保6，稳8，争10！ 新题型一荣俱荣，一损俱损，扣分以4分为单位! 二、题目形式与考点 英语一（3 种备选题型）： ① 选标题 ② 排序题 ③ 七选五 英语二（2 种备选题型）： ① 选标题 ② 观点匹配 主要考点： 1. 段落大意理解与总结（选标题、观点匹配） 2010 判断正误（删！） 2. 连贯性、一致性（排序题、七选五） 3. 文章结构（排序题、七选五） 2011 观点匹配（乱！） 2012 观点匹配 三、近十年英二新题型纵览 2013 选标题 2011-2022 题型统计： 观点匹配 5次 2014 观点匹配 选标题 7次 2015 选标题 2016 选标题 题型难度： 选标题≥观点匹配 2017 观点匹配 2018 选标题 选标题难度上限近年明显增加 2019 观点匹配 2020 选标题 2021 选标题（变难） 2022 选标题（变难） 四、教学安排与学习要求 强化阶段（题型套路技巧+实战讲解，含部分05-09真题）： 英二：3篇选标题、2篇观点匹配 冲刺阶段 2015-2023年真题 学习节奏：平均每天做两篇真题+听两节课 ① 每篇真题，自己先做一遍，听讲解，学技巧套路。 ② 排序题中每一段的首尾句彻底搞懂。其他题型的选项不留生词，语法结构和 意思必须搞明白！ ③ 每篇排序题、7选5的真题做完后，按正确答案的顺序，阅读一遍文章。 强化新题型课程全学完后，可用 1-2天集中重做一下题目。 90 90公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取强化新题型-选标题 一、题目特点分析 简称：选标题 特点： ① 天然有 1-2个错误选项（6-7 个备选项，5 个空） ② 重视对段意的概括和理解能力 ③ 标题的信息量较少，区分度较大，近义选项是唯一难点 ④ 文章结构为 1 个目标+5 个相关建议。首段明确“要做什么”，需要选标题的 段落论述“该怎样做”。目标，会频繁的出现在各个具体提建议的段落段中。 考生需要明确共性，以把握个性！ 目标：考研英语如何备考？ 建议 ①：考研英语词汇复习贯穿全年 建议 ②：考研英语语法学习重阅读、轻写作 建议 ③ ：考研阅读做题主旨为王 二、答题步骤与时间分配 ① 扫读选项，读第一题前的段落，总结主旨目标 (1min) ② 精读7个选项，理解其与目标的关系，抓个性。代表选项个性的特征词重复 的选项往往对应难题，需特殊标记，重点比较差异。选项短时可直接抄在草稿纸 上！（1min） ③ 依次读设题段落，每个段落从首尾句往中间读，排除共性主旨的干扰，只关 注每段的特性。至少要找到 2个能验证答案的句子，才算实锤。 3分钟内无法 确定答案，先跳过！（8-10min） ④ 精读未确定答案的段落，完成作答！（3min） 一般15 分钟封顶，10 分拿满！ 91 912007 年英语一新题型-选标题 Directions: You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to dotoguide their children into adulthood. Choosea heading from thelist A-G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There are two extra headings that you do not need touse. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.(10points) [A]Seta GoodExamplefor YourKids [B]Build Your Kids’Work Skills [C]Place TimeLimits onLeisure Activities [D]Talk about theFuture ona Regular Basis [E]Help Kids Develop CopingStrategies [F]Help Your Kids Figure Out WhoThey Are [G]Build YourKids’ SenseofResponsibility HowCan aParentHelp? Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job’s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult’s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from mybook Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life unreadiness”: 41.____________________ You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that willfit them best. 42.____________________ 92 92Kids need a range of authentic role models—as opposed to members of their clique, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be discouraged from saying “I have no idea.” They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggyviewof thefuture isof littlegood. 43.____________________ Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the house and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing timeand settingpriorities. 44.____________________ Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours of watching TV shows withcanned laughter onlyteaches kidsto process information in a passiveway. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All theseactivities canprevent thegrowth of importantcommunication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs. 45.____________________ They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solveproblems and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing thesethings and help them applythese skillstoeveryday lifesituations. What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early adulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult (as naive or ill conceived as it may seem) while becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them. 93 932013 年英语二新题型-选标题 [A]Shopkeepers are your friends [B]Remember to treat yourself [C]Stick towhat you need [D]Live likeapeasant [E]Balance your diet [F]Planningis everything [G]Wastenot, want not The hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has £60 a week to spend, £40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning £130,000 a year working in corporate communications and eating at London’s best restaurants at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. “The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I’d lost. But it’s still a day-by-day thing.” Now he’s living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He’s feeling positive, but he’ll carry on blogging—not about eating as cheaply as you can—“there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food”—but eating well onabudget.Here’s his advicefor economical foodies. 41._______________________ Impulsive spending isn’t an option, so plan your week’s menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it’s not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It’s also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being human, you’ll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy. 42._______________________ This is where supermarkets and their anonymity come in handy. With them, there’s not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you’ll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef 94 94and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller. 43._______________________ You may proudly claim to only havefrozen peas in thefreezer—that’s not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you’ll do a vegetable soup, andall fruits threatening to “go off” willbe cooked orjuiced. 44._______________________ Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers, delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you’ll feel comfortable asking if they’ve any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, they’ll let you have forfree. 45._______________________ You won’t be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every few months treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant—£1.75 a week for three months gives you £21—more than enough for a three-course lunch at Michelin-starred Arbutus. It’s £16.95 there—or £12.99 for a large pizza from Domino’s:I knowwhich I’drather eat. 95 952016 年英语一新题型-选标题 [A]Have confidence in yourself [B]Decide ifthe timeis right [C]Understand thecontext [D]Workwith professionals [E]Make it efficient [F]Knowyour goals No matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in first impressions. According to research from Princeton University, people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look. The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in others not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious ofstyle and personal branding. It can be confusing. So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s thebest wayto pull offone that enhances ourgoals? Here are sometips: 41.____________________ As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particularly helpful during transitions—when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in a period of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybethere’s noneedfor an upgrade and that’s OK. 42.____________________ Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more 96 96approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations likethat.) 43.____________________ Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand thecultural context,themore control you can have over your impact. 44.____________________ Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J.Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with a professional photographer instead of your spouseorfriend. It’s not as expensiveas you might think. 45.____________________ The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once witha stylist instead ofshopping alone, onearticle ofclothing at atime. 97 97强化新题型-观点匹配 一、题目特点分析 简称：观点匹配 特点： ① 必然有 2 个多余选项 ② 重视对不同人物观点的概括和区分能力 ③ 各备选观点的信息量适中，区分度较大 ④ 文章以 话题-观点 的模式展开！首段明确“文章主题话题”，设 题的观点段落分别是 5 个人物关于同一话题的不同看法。话题会频繁 的出现在各个观点段中。考生需要明确共性，以把握个性！ A.单词重视熟词深意 41.Monkey B.阅读真题不乱做 42.Jerry C.语法以理解为目的 43.Tom D.作文备考以模板为主 44.Sam E.刷题时注意实战拟真 45.Peter F.英一翻译可以战略放弃 G.不要手译阅读原文 二、答题步骤与时间分配 ① 直接精读 7 个选项，找共性，分个性（3min） 98 98② 回到原文从前往后找选项区第一个人名初次出现的位置。以此为 起点，依次圈出全部 5 个人名初次出现的位置（1min） ③ 从第一个人名开始具体解题，通过两个人名出现的位置准确锁定 答题区间。重点读人名所在句以及答题区间（一般是一整段）的首尾 句。（10min） 一般 15 分钟封顶，10 分拿满！ 99 992012 年英语二新题型-观点匹配 Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) “Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,” wrote the Victorian sageThomas Carlyle. Well,not any more it isnot. Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from our forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration. From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus—On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolò Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, he championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as theskillsof successful leaders. Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist’s personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samuel Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers, industrialists and explorers. “The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, of patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formation of truly noble and manly character, exhibit,” wrote Smiles, “what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself.” His biographies of James Watt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life. This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessinghigher authority than mere mortals. Not everyone was convinced by such bombast. “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles,” wrote Marx and Engels in The 100 100公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles: “It is man, real, living man who does all that.” And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For: “Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances directly found, given and transmittedfrom thepast.” This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stood alongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding—from gender to race to cultural studies—were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And it transformed public historytoo: downstairs became justas fascinating as upstairs. A. emphasized thevirtueofclassical heroes. 41.Petrarch B. highlighted the publicglory ofthe leading artists. 42.Niccolò Machiavelli C. focused onepochal figures whose lives were hard to imitate. 43.SamuelSmiles D. opened upnew realms of understanding thegreat men in history. 44.Thomas Carlyle E. heldthat history shouldbethe story ofthe masses andtheir record of struggle. 45.Marx and Engels F. dismissed virtue as unnecessary for successful leaders. G. depicted theworthy livesof engineers, industrialists and explorers. 101 1012014 年英语二新题型-观点匹配 Emerging in the late Sixties and reaching a peak in the Seventies, Land Art was one of a range of new forms, including Body Art, Performance Art, Action Art and Installation Art, which pushed art beyond the traditional confines of the studio and gallery. Rather than portraying landscape, land artists used the physical substance of theland itselfas their medium. The British land art, typified by Richard Long’s piece, was not only more domestically scaled, but a lot quirkier than its American counterpart. Indeed, while you might assume that an exhibition of Land Art would consist only of records of works rather than the works themselves, Long’s photograph of his work is the work. Sincehis “action” isin thepast, thephotograph is itssole embodiment. That might seem rather an obscure point, but it sets the tone for an exhibition that contains alot ofblack-and-white photographs and relatively few natural objects. Long is Britain’s best-known Land Artist and his Stone Circle, a perfect ring of purplish rocks from Portishead beach laid out on the gallery floor, represents the elegant, rarefied side of the form. The Boyle Family, on the other hand, stands for its dirty, urban aspect. Comprising artists Mark Boyle and Joan Hills and their children, they recreated random sections of the British landscape on gallery walls. Their Olaf Street Study, a square of brick-strewn waste ground, is one of the few works here to embrace the mundanity that characterises most of our experience of the landscape mostofthe time. Parks feature, particularly in the earlier works, such as John Hilliard’s very funny Across the Park, in which a long-haired stroller is variously smiled at by a pretty girl and unwittingly assaulted in a sequence of images that turn out to be different parts of thesamephotograph. Generally however British land artists preferred to get away from towns, gravitating towards landscapes that are traditionally considered beautiful such as the Lake District or the Wiltshire Downs. While it probably wasn’t apparent at the time, much of this work is permeated by a spirit of romantic escapism that the likes of Wordsworth would have readily understood. Derek Jarman’s yellow-tinted film Towards Avebury, a collection of long, mostly still shots of the Wiltshire landscape, evokes a tradition of English landscape painting stretching from Samuel Palmer to PaulNash. In the case of Hamish Fulton, you can’t help feeling that the Scottish artist has simply found a way of making his love of walking pay. A typical work, such as Seven Days, consists ofa single beautiful black-and-white photograph taken onan epic walk, with the mileage and number of days taken listed beneath. British Land Art as shown 102 102in this well selected, but relatively modestly scaled exhibition wasn’t about imposing on the landscape, more a kind of landscape-orientated light conceptual art created passing through. It had its origins in the great outdoors, but the results were as gallery-bound as thepaintings ofTurner and Constable. A. originates from alongwalk that theartist took. 41.StoneCircle B. illustrates akindof landscape-orientated light conceptual art. 42.OlafStreet Study C. reminds people oftheEnglish landscape paintingtradition. 43.Across thePark D. represents theelegance ofthe British land art. 44.Towards Avebury E. depicts theordinary side ofthe British land art. 45.Seven Days F. embodies aromantic escape into theScottish outdoors. G. contains images from different parts ofthesamephotograph. 103 103强化翻译-导学规划 考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、 通顺。要求考生阅读、理解长度为150词左右的一个或几个英语段落，并将其全 部译成汉语。共15分。 ——考研英语二大纲 一、题目形式： 翻译一篇约150词的短文，一般分2-3段（人文社科话题为主） 满分15分，考试一般最多有20分钟作答 二、主要考点： ① 复合句、并列句的分析、理解（基本的阅读能力） ② 生僻短语、习语的理解（语言偏生活化、口语化） ③ 短时间内整合、润色的能力（翻译的练度） 三、解题要点： ① 第一时间用2-3分钟粗读文章，理解大意，把握主旨 ② 全文一般由6个左右的复合句+1至2个短句构成，长句每句翻译2.5分钟，短句 1.5分钟。学会在心中打草稿和润色 ③ 当出现生僻、无法理解的词组或短语时，主要结合主旨进行猜测 四、优先级与分档： ① 主旨突出明确（8分） ② 表达通顺，合乎逻辑（10分） ③ 内容准确完整（12分） ④ 润色完美，读者友好（15分） 目标：保8，稳10，争取12+ 五、学习安排： ① 20分钟，独立翻译一篇真题，不许查生词！ ② 1.5小时听课+整理知识点 ③ 讲义下划线区写自己的答案，下方空白区记参考翻译 强化课讲练2011-2014真题，每天一套，4-5天学完 104 104英语二 2011-2014 年翻译真题 2011年英二翻译 Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do—roughly 2 percent of all CO2 emissions? Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centers around the world, packed with powerful computers. Whileproducing large quantitiesof CO2, thesecomputers emit agreat deal ofheat, so thecenters need to bewell air-conditioned, which uses even moreenergy. However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there ismuchmore to bedone, and notjust bybig companies. 105 10546. 106 1062012年英二翻译 When people in developing countries worry about migration, they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world. These are the kind of workers that countries like Britain, Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates. Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate. A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40% of emigrants had more than a high-school education, compared with around 3.3% of all Indians over the age of 25. This “brain drain” has long bothered policymakers in poor countries. They fear that it hurts their economies, depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities, worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make. 107 10746. 108 1082013年英二翻译 I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was, what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four. I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs. My mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away neatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does—try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acute or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hospital the day before. I also remember that the musical play Hair opened on the Broadway on the same day—they both just popintomymind in thesameway. 109 10946. 110 110公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取2014年英二翻译 Most people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full. But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor. According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believeeverything happens forthebest. Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercises. When he feels down—say, after giving a bad lecture—he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction. He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that inthe grandscheme of life, onelecture really doesn’t matter. 111 11146. 112 112强化作文讲义 第一讲：导学规划与大纲解析 一、强化阶段课程安排 1. 导学介绍（必听） 课程安排+大纲解析（1h） 作文备考常见误区（2h） 2. 实战入门（75分以下） 小作文“三分归元法”（2h） 图画大作文万能模板（2h） 图表大作文万能模板（2h） 材料大作文万能模板（2h） 3. 进阶突破（75分以上且时间充裕） 作文思路结构梳理与金句积累（2h） 二、冲刺阶段课程安排 ① 11月： 跟随真题串讲课，整理15-23年作文思路，练习描图，套用模板。 ② 12月： 逆天改命班再次总结串讲大小作文万能模板，背诵，应用！ ③ 作文批改服务 批改窗口11月初开放，12月中旬截止提交，批改方式见QQ群公告、群作业 共2篇批改机会，建议提交一小一大或两篇大作文 强烈建议先学完万能模板，自己进行一定练习后再提交批改！ 三、题目形式与考点 1. 大纲解析 英语一： 该部分由A、B两节组成，考察考生的书面表达能力，共2小题，共30分。 113 113A节：要求考生根据规定情景写出约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文， 类型包括书信、通知、告示、纪要等。共10分。 B节：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇160~200词的短文（标点符号不计算在内）。 提示信息的形式为文字、图画、图表等。共20分。 英语二： 该部分由A、B两节组成，考察考生的书面表达能力，共2小题，共25分。 A节：要求考生根据规定情景写出约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文， 类型包括书信、通知、告示、纪要等。共10分。 B节：要求考生根据提示信息写出一篇150词的短文（标点符号不计算在内）。提 示信息的形式为文字、图画、图表等。共15分。 英一大作文：根据图画和文字，写出160-220词的短文，共20分。 英二大作文：根据图表和文字，写出150-220词的短文，共15分。 2. 典型真题实例 ① 小作文：根据所给情景，写出90-120词的书信、通知，共10分。 （英一、英二完全相同） 书信类 Directions: Writea letterofabout 100words to thepresident ofyour university, suggesting how toimprove students’physical condition. You should includethedetails you think necessary. You should writeneatly onthe ANSWERSHEET. Do not sign your own name at theend ofthe letter. Use “Li Ming”instead. Donot writetheaddress. (10 points) 通知类 Directions: You are supposed to write forthePostgraduates’Association a noticeto recruit volunteers for an international conference onglobalization.The noticeshould include thebasicqualifications forapplicants andother information which you think is relevant. Do not sign your own name at theend ofthe notice. Use “Postgraduates’ Association” instead. (10points) 114 11423大纲小作文新例题 Directions: Read thefollowing post from a messageboard and write anote inreply. Native tutor required for 5-15 USD online Chinese teaching job per hour My 8-year-old girl is a beginner in Chinese learning, andshe needs helpwiththis language toupher grades. Please let me knowif youcan Apply now help her. Have you taught kids before? What is youravailability? Writeyour answer in about 100words ontheANSWERSHEET. Do not useyour own nameinyour note; use “Li Ming”instead. ② 图画大作文（原英一大作文）：根据图画和文字提示，写出160-220词的短文， 共20分（英一）/15分（英二）。 Directions:Writean essay of160-200 words based onthefollowingdrawing. In your essay, you should 1)describe thedrawing briefly, 2)explainit’s intended meaning, and 3)give your comments. You should writeneatly onANSWER SHEET 2.(20 points) 115 115③ 图表大作文（原英二大作文）：根据图表和文字提示，写出160-220词的短文， 共20分（英一）/15分（英二）。 Writean essay based onthefollowing chart. In your writing, you should 1)interpret thechart, and 2)give your comments. You should writeat least 150words. Writeyour essay onANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points) 116 116④ 材料作文（23 大纲新增）：根据所给阅读材料，写出 160-220 词的短文，共 20分（英一）/15 分（英二）。 23英一大纲【材料作文】例题 Directions: Read the following excerpt from an article（文章节选） and write an essay. In your essay, you should explain whether or to what extent you agree with the author. Support your argumentwith reasons and relevant examples. Writeyour answer in160-200 words ontheANSWERSHEET.(20 points) Manyof us,whatever our fieldof work, fear that showing uncertaintycandamage our image - and we may compensate by expressing overconfidence in an attempt to win trust. But in many situations people are willing to trust those who can admit they don't have a definitive answer. Recent studies found that communicating uncertainty and even admitting our mistakesisnotharmfulandcanevenbebeneficialtotrustworthiness.So,failurein“expertise” can be compensated by higher integrity and benevolence. When communicating uncertainty intransparentway,weareperceivedaslessbiasedandwillingtotellthetruth.(100词) 23英二大纲【材料作文】例题 Directions: Read thefollowing excerpt from an article （文章节选） and write an essay.In your essay, you should explain whether or to what extent you agree with the author. Support your argumentwith reasons and relevant examples. Writeyour answer inabout 150words ontheANSWERSHEET.(15 points) Studiesinthe U.S.andthe U.K.consistentlyshowthat childrenhave lost theright towander. This is why many of our youth turn to technology. They aren't addicted to the computer; they're addicted to interaction, and being around their friends. Children, and especially teenagers, don't want to only socialize with parents and siblings: they want to play with their peers. That's how they make sense of the world.And we've robbed them of that opportunity. We'reraisingourchildrenincaptivityandtheyturntotechnologytosocialize,learnandrelax. Whyareweblamingthescreens?(99词) 117 117⑤ 作文答题卡展示 四、学习目标 考场上能在作文命题方向存在多种可能性的情况下（抗压，应变） 在50~60分钟内完整的写出两篇（速度稳定，结构完整） 符合自己目标分数水平的大小作文。（质量合格） 底线：作文拿到至少60%的分数，英一18分，英二15分 模板：英一19-24分（小作文 7-9分，大作文 12-15分） 英二16-21分（小作文 7-9分，大作文 9-12分） 进阶：大作文是主要突破点 何为一篇优秀的作文？什么样的作文得分更高？怎样写更好？ 请听第二讲：备考常见误区揭秘 118 118第二讲：作文备考常见误区 一、“范文”展示 题目：代表校友会，写信邀请校友参加毕业典礼 亲爱的先生和女士，我是咱们大学一位大四学生。我写这封信的原因，实话 讲，是为了参加英语专业的毕业典礼。 首先，英语很重要，以至于很多国家已经把它纳入了小学课程体系中。作为 结果，在英语的帮助下，人们可以很大程度上提高自身素质。然而更重要的是， 英语专业毕业典礼变得如此的重要，以至于这个问题必须引起我们的注意。另一 个我必须指出的要点是，毕业典礼于2018年12月22日在图书馆举行。 所以，到了我必须参加毕业典礼的时刻了！我期待着您的回复。 弱小与无知不是生存的障碍 傲慢自大才是！ 二、考研写作备考“七宗罪” 1. 滥用“同义替换” ① 系动词绝不能随意替换 is seems exists proves appears remains sounds tastes... 系动词有自己的但不完全的词义，不能在句中独立作谓语， 必须和后面的表语一起构成句子的谓语。它虽是虚词， 但是其用法是复杂的，且不可忽视。——百科定义 公众号：大叔考研，免费分享无水印PDF ② 其他词也不可盲目替换，如表示“人”的词： human being、folk、people、individual、dude 词汇没有“土不土”之分，只有“恰当不恰当”！ 2. 滥用“高级句式” ① 升级型（向阅卷人秀语法水平） My opinionis that... →itseems, tobe honest, my argument that... 119 119② 延展型（秀语法水平+疯狂凑字） Thedinner isgood. →When I was enjoying mydinner, what I atewas so delicious that Ithought (that)it isthe best food in theworld, which cannot bematched byother foods. 句式讲究详略得当，叠加句式并非加分项。难写往往意味着难懂、难对。 3. 滥用“名人名言” ① 执着于应用名人名言，容易喧宾夺主，造成跑题或偏题 中国考生喜欢用名人名言当论据或进行全文收尾。但是，大部分名人名言的适用 范围都很有限，且考生的素材积累非常有限。 ② 切忌“自创名人名言”，瞎编的人名+自创的中式英语名言 MonkeyBen, a famous Englishprofessor at Yelu, once said: “persistence is so important that wemust go go go and donot abandon onthe halfway.“ 4. 过度修辞，不说人话 ① Whatseemsbeyonddisputeisthatinthesimpleandclearcartoon… ② ’ It,tobeginwith,seemsmyargumentthatPeople sParkisagoodplaceto havearest. ③ ’ Shouldn thumanspourattentionintotheissueofrestaurantswithunique features? 5. 生搬硬套，文不对题 ① 推荐旅游景点：So itis thevery momentof meto recommend theBell tower. May joyand healthy be withyou. ② 投诉电子词典产品质量问题：Thepurpose ofmyletterseeks tocomplaintthe poorquality ofthemachine Ibought from your storelast Sunday. It cannot work any more. To beginwith, themajor reason is thatIhave been terribly busyrecently. ③ 申请校内工作：Anotherelement Imust pointout here is that Iam ready to help others ,which has been ignored byimmenseamounts ofall children and adults. 120 120公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取6. 盲信“模板低分论” ① 为什么要用（万能）模板？ 有限的语言能力，有限的备考时间，多变的作文主题 （万能）模板是在得分与备考投入上取得的一种性价比最高的平衡 ② 用（万能）模板会得低分甚至零分吗？ 模板类作文畅销书多年来屹立不倒，口碑良好（经验证据） 对小作文来说，恰恰是用模板，符合固定套路，才能拿高分 对大作文来说，用模板不会高分（60%-75%），但不会低分 ③ （万能）模板作文为什么会扣分？ 主题段论述不具体，不针对；自行填充的部分或模板的默写有错误 模板本身不万能，且有错；主题词词性有误，文不对题，生搬硬套 ④ 是否可以通过模板框架+局部素材替换，降低模板的痕迹感？ 模板框架+大量可替换的论点句和素材 √ 胜在论点针对具体，而非不重复。需要投入几倍的额外备考时间！ 模板+局部词汇的同义替换 × 无法真正抹去模板的痕迹，且容易扭曲模板本意，导致错误。 ⑤ “1对1定制模板”可信吗？ 不可信！基本都是骗局！ ⑥ “作文判分标准改革论”可信吗？ 不可信！基本都是骗局！ 关于模板问题的详细文字论述，请参见Monkey考研英语 2020年12月微博内容 ——【考研英语作文模板问题究极问答—Monkey老师】 7. 过于纠结水区、旱区 水/旱：主观题评分标准的宽松或严格，相同作文得分的多与少 极旱区：北京、上海 旱区：浙江、江苏、天津、四川、重庆 水区：黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、陕西、山西、河北、河南、 江西、广西、内蒙、宁夏、新疆 121 121极水区：西藏、青海、云南、贵州 一般极旱区 12分的英语一大作文，在极水区可得到 15-16 分 整体上，生源质量较高、院校质量较高、经济较发达的地区偏旱 阅卷在报考的目标院校所在省份进行，你和你的直接竞争对手评分标准是一致的！ 水旱区只影响英语过线（绝对分数）困难的同学。 三、作文的正确评价标准 1. 英一、英二大纲要求： 写作时，考生应能： 1）内容切中题意，按要求完成试题规定的任务； 2）根据任务需求选择较丰富的语法结构和词汇； 3）语言表达规范，用词准确，语法、拼写、标点正确； 4）结构合理，层次清晰，内容连贯，合乎逻辑； 5）根据写作目的和对象，选择恰当的文体和语体。 2. 作文的正确评价标准 ① 跑题、严重语法错误以及字数不足永远是最大的扣分点。 ② 考研作文不会因为考生的句式和词汇与他人相同，或仅因考生使用了模板套 路而扣分！ ③ 高分大作文、高分句型是接近考研阅读题正文风格的。阅读就是最好的作文， 大量阅读好文章才是加强写作能力的最佳手段。 ④ 论证逻辑越有理有据、语言形式越多样准确，作文分数越高。 中心思想明确、切中题意、结构清晰、条理清楚、 用词恰当、无明显语言错误。 122 122第三讲：小作文实战-三分归元法 一、首段——要实现的目的： 次要目的（客套礼节）+主要目的（题干重点描写要求的部分） DearXx, （首字母都要大写，结尾是逗号） Iamwritingthisletterto（信件类） /Thisnoticeisto （公告类） 亲爱的xx，我写这封信是为了/本公告是为了. 次要目的（感谢、道歉、悼念等纯粹情感性的目的）： thankyoufor.../congratulateyoufor.../apologizefor.../dosth,andto 为…而感谢你/祝贺你/道歉/做某事，并且 主要目的（提建议、意见，介绍信息，进行推荐...文章第二段的核心主旨） : ① offer you somesuggestions/information about sth/howtodosth. （给出关于 某事/如何做某事 的 建议/信息） ② extendyou an invitationto dosth. （邀请你做某事） ③ recommend you sth. （推荐你某个东西） ④ dosth. （照抄题干里的具体要求） 二、尾段——对读信人的期望： 按是否需要对方回信分为以下两种（部分题目回不回信都可以） 否：（公告、招募、问询…）→没有需求，创造需求 Iwould beglad ifyou find theinformation/ suggestions mentioned above helpful. Pleasefeel free tolet meknowif you haveany further questions. ① 希望以上信息/建议对你有用。如果有其它问题请随时与我联系。 是：（建议、介绍、推荐、感谢、道歉、邀请、投诉、申请…）→期待回复 Iwould appreciate it ifyou could takemy complaint / application/ resignation/ recommendation/ invitation/ questionsinto consideration.And Iam looking forward ② toyour favorablereply. 希望你能重视或认真考虑我的投诉/申请/辞职/建议/邀请/问题。期待你的回复。 Yours truly Li Ming 123 123三、第二段——主体段 整体架构 Regarding …（sth）,there are several pointsI would liketo mention. First of all, 论点1. What’s more, 论点2. In addition, 论点3. For moredetails, you could refer to theattachment below. （28词） 具体内容 三元：是什么（说明介绍）、为什么（分析利弊）、怎么办（建议意见） 1. 是什么（说明介绍） 时间、地点：它将于下周日在主楼里举行/它位于主楼里（旁边） /我们下周日在主楼集合并前往目的地（请保证届时你有时间参加） ① itwill beheld / it islocated in (behind) theMain Building（nextSunday） /we will gather inthe Main Building nextSunday and set off tothe spot (and please make sureyou are available then). 出席人物：我们的工作人员届时将会为你提供必要的培训、介绍、引导 ourstaff willbe theretoprovide you (with)necessary orientation / guidance. ② 着装要求：出席活动时，着装应该得体/暖和/朴素 itis highly recommended to beproperly / warmly / plainly dressed fortheoccasion. ③ 英一：志愿者招募（10）、图书馆相关信息（16）、志愿者项目细节（19）、 请教授担任演讲比赛评委（13）、请人参加毕业典礼（18）、歌唱比赛通知（20）、邀 请英国大学教授组队参加竞赛（22）、为教授的项目招募学生助手（23） 英二：慈善义卖（13）、生活习惯（14）、招志愿者（15）、历史景点（20）、 （21）邀请同学参加在线会议并告知他会议细节、介绍并邀请参加美食节（22） 公众号：大叔考研，免费分享无水印PDF 2. 为什么选ta（分析利弊） ① 权威认可： 获得了权威机构的官方奖项、资质、认可 ta … has(have)anofficialaward/qualification/recognitionfromtheauthority. （文化自信！） is(are)awardedwiththetitleofMaterial/intangibleCulturalHeritagefromthe UnitedNations. ② 群众基础：人民群众 很多社交媒体平台对 很欢迎 评价很高 很关注担心 人民群众 / ta / / enjoys(enjoy)awidespreadpopularity/reputation/concernamong /onmultiplesocialplatforms. ③ 个人喜欢：我个人觉得 很有吸引力、有趣、有益 xx Ipersonallyfinditattractive/interesting/beneficial/necessary(todosth). 124 124英一：推荐电影（11）、推荐一本书（15）、推荐城市景点（17）、邀请英国大学教授 组队参加竞赛（22） 英二：中国传统文化（17）、邀请外国友人来中国玩（10）、城市交通辩论（19）、投 诉字典（12）、介绍并邀请学生参加美食节（22）、朋友纠结是去艺术展还是机器人展 会，给出建议和理由（23）、求职（为什么选我）、求职回函（为什么选你） 3. 怎么办（建议意见） ① 端正认识：端正认识并建立起关于 的正确价值观是首要任务 ’ xx it s advisable to put things into perspective andestablisha correct value about sthprimarily. ② 实践经验：你可以在知乎上寻找该领域的相关 先进 国际 历史 经验 / / / you could look for relevant / advanced / international / historical experience in thisaspectonZhihuCommunity. ③ 知行合一：应该及时制定合理可行的计划并优先执行。 a practical and reasonable plan should be promptly carried out and remain high onyouragenda. 英一：如何适应中国校园生活（12）、如何提高身体素质（14）、（21）给外国友人提 找工作的建议 英二：如何适应大学生活（11）、如何提高翻译水平（16） 四、审题要点 对方是谁？ 是不是notice？ 次要目的是什么？主要目的是什么？ 信件的实质内容涉及三元中的哪些元素？ 是否必须需要对方回信？ 125 125五、真题实战 说明介绍型：2019年英语一小作文 Suppose you are working for the “Aiding Rural Primary Schools” project of your university. Write an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer,specifying thedetails of theproject. 分析利弊型：2017年英语一小作文 You are to write an email to James Cook, a newly-arrived Australian professor, recommending some tourist attractions in your city. Please give reasons for your recommendation. 126 126建议意见型：2016年英语二小作文 Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulateyou and ask for adviceon translation. Writehim areply to 1) thankhim, and2)give youradvice. 杂糅型：2019年英语二小作文 SupposeProfessorSmith asked you to planadebate onthetheme ofcity traffic. Writehim an email to1)suggest a specifictopicwith yourreasons, and 2)tell him aboutyourarrangements. 后续安排： 9-11月有意识的将三分归元法应用在 10-23 的真题中 12月初逆天改命班重新串讲，并拓展讲解： 问询信、道歉信、投诉信、求职信、求职回函 杂糅型作文的进一步训练 23大纲新增的告示类例题 127 127第四讲：图画类大作文实战-万能模板 一、图画类大作文分类 1. 按展现形式分类： 优秀品质： 19坚持不懈、21年文化自信（坚持做自己）、23龙舟赛越来越热 闹 不良问题： 15聚会沉迷手机、 11乱扔垃圾、 10文化火锅 鲜明对比： 12乐观与悲观、 14 母女相伴、16家长以身作则、 17读书应脚踏 实地、20拖延症、、22是否要听非本专业校园讲座 选择平衡： 13毕业选择、18硬课与水课 128 1282. 按影响对象： 个人成长：12乐观与悲观、16家长以身作则、17读书应脚踏实地、19坚持、 15聚会沉迷手机、20拖延症、13毕业选择、18硬课与水课、21坚持做自己、 22是否要听非本专业校园讲座 社会发展：10文化火锅、11乱扔垃圾、14母女相伴、21文化自信、23龙舟赛 越来越热闹 作文的实质：描述图片→初步解读主旨→展开论证主旨→总结升华主旨 共性主旨：对 个人成长 或 社会发展 有影响的 优秀品质、良好意识 二、模板思路与框架 1. 中文框架 如图所示，描图句。图片的象征意义是非常明确的：xx品质/意识/问题值得 我们给予适当的关注。 为了分析xx的重要性，我想重点强调一下几点。首先，很多人都认同，在 其他条件一样的前提下，xx是决定学术/职业/社会成功与否的关键。其次，①（个 人类）年轻人一直是社会进步的先锋力量，而xx对其品格和能力发展有显著的 影响，后者将不可避免的在不远的将来影响中国的方方面面。 ② （社会类）我 们生活在同一个世界里，有着共通的利益，而xx对我们共同的环境社群社会世 界有显著的影响，这将不可避免的触及我们每个人。因此，缺乏/没有xx会让我 们无法进步，并终将为此付出不菲的代价。 简而言之，xx真的很重要，我们应该迅速采取相关措施。具体来说，① 政 府应该施行合适的政策并发动媒体宣传，② 教育机构应该开展公开课并给与引 导，以将这样一种不可或缺的 品质/意识 注入每个人的心中。正如习大大所说， “空谈误国，实干兴邦。”我们越快采取具体行动，未来就越能从中受益。 2. 英文框架 As isvividly/ironically depicted inthe cartoon, doing/done sth, Ais doing/done/adj ...(,whileB is doing/done/adj ...). Thesymbolic meaning behind the pictureis rather explicit: thevirtue/awareness/issueofxxdeserves ourdueattention. To examinethesignificance ofxx,certain factors should bespecifically pointed outhere. First and foremost, itis a truthwidely acknowledged that all otherfactors being equal, xxcould bethedecisive difference between academic/professional/social success ornot. In addition, sinceyoung people always play avanguard role in promotingsocial progress, and xxexerts remarkableinfluence in thedevelopment of ① theircharacters, it will inevitablyshape every aspect ofChinain theforeseeable future. Weare living ina world with common interest, and sincexxexerts ② 129 129remarkable influence toourshared community, its impact willinevitably extend to eachand every singleoneof us. Consequently, thelack ofxxwillhinder us from making substantialprogress and eventually cost us dearly. In brief, xxis of true essentiality and relevant measures must be taken promptly. To bespecific, governments should implement proper policies and launch mass mediacampaigns education institutions should provideopen courses and guidance ① toinfuse such an indispensablevirtue/awareness into everyone. As President Xi once ② putit, “empty talk would lead acountry astray, and hard work can revitalizea nation”.Themore rapidly actions are taken, themoreeffectively this virtue/awareness willbenefit us in theupcoming future. 三、审题思路与主题词替换 第一步：看图解读主旨，进行 个人 or社会 分类 不良问题→优秀品质： 鲜明对比→优秀品质： 选择平衡→选择/平衡xx的能力： 第二步：确定英文主题词 所有主题词要处理成名词，只会写形容词时加being，不会写时正话反说 protect the environment→ persistent→ 选择类： 平衡类： 第三步：确定与主旨有关的主要信息 次要信息：交代必要环境背景 主要信息：能体现主旨的关键动作（谁做了什么事） 对照组信息： 与上述动作形成鲜明对比的另一动作 第四步：构思描图句 doing/done sth,A isdoingsth ,whileB isdoingsth 描图主旨为王，细节为主旨服务！不要加入太多无关细节难为自己！ 130 130公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取四、真题实战 2011年英语一大作文 131 1312019年英语一大作文 132 132第五讲：图表类大作文实战-万能模板 一、图表类大作文分类 1.时代变了（图表中有多个时间点，柱状图、折线图居多）： 2010：发达国家与发展中国家的手机数量——发展中国家增长迅速 2011：国内轿车市场品牌占有率变化——国产品牌份额增加，日系降低 2014：中国城乡人口变化趋势——城镇人口显著增加 2017：博物馆数量和参观人数变化——都在增加 2019：大学生毕业后的选择——升学和创业比重明显增加 2.当前趋势特点（饼状图居多）： 2012：某公司不同年龄员工满意度调查——年龄越大越满意 2013：各年级大学生兼职率——年级越高兼职率越高 2015：春节花销比重——买新年礼物花费最多 2016：大学生旅游目的——欣赏风景、缓解压力的最多 2018：消费者选餐厅时的关注因素——特色、服务、环境 2020：大学生手机阅读目的——学习为主，消遣时间是其次 133 133二、模板思路与框架 核心思路：描述图表数据→点出趋势（正能量居多）→成因解读→总结升华 1. 中文框架 正如（关于某群体某主题的）统计数据所示，某事物/某种人的数字/比重从 年份1的数字1 上升/下降至了年份 2的数字2。另一事物/某种人的数字/比重从 年份1的数字1 上升/下降至了年份 2的数字2。在我看来，以上数字体现了当 前社会中的一个显著趋势或倾向。 要想透彻的审视这一趋势或倾向的根本成因，应重点关注以下几点。首先， 正如卡尔·马克思所言，经济基础决定上层建筑。正是中国与日俱增的综合国力 构成了上述趋势或倾向的前提条件。（可自由发挥句）。其次，相关人群（可具 体替换）的 偏好/兴趣/价值观 的 多样性/变化 是主要成因。（可自由发挥句）。 此外，社交媒体平台极大的方便了特定观念的流动和强化，进而加速了一个新现 象成为新常态的过程。 总而言之，当前趋势具有深刻的内在合理性与必然性，在可见的未来仍将继 续存在。相应的，作为社会的先锋以及继承人，我们应该抓住这一趋势的脉搏， 积极的应对其可能带来的挑战与机遇。 2. 英文框架 As isnumerically illustrated inthestatistics (among sb about sth), the number/percentage ofsth/thosewho xxis xx/increased/decreased from 数字1to 数 字2inthe xxyears between 年份1and 年份2.Whilethe number/percentage of sth/thosewho xxis xx/increased/decreased from 数字1to 数字2.From my perspective, theabove figures reveal acurrently prevailing tendency among contemporary society. To examinetheroot cause ofthetendency thoroughly, certain factors should be specifically pointed outhere. First andforemost, justas Karl Marx once said, the economicbasis determines the superstructure. It is precisely theboosting comprehensivenational strength ofChina that constitutestheprecondition forthe above-mentioned tendency. (可自由发挥句). What’s more, thediversity/shift of relevant population’s（可具体替换）preferences/interests/values isone ofthe contributing dynamics. (可展开).In addition, social mediaplatforms substantially facilitatetheflowand intensification ofcertain awareness, thus accelerating the transitionfrom an emerging phenomenon into thenew reality. In conclusion, thecurrent tendency is ofprofound inherent rationality and inevitability, and will continueto existin theforeseeable future. Correspondingly, as thevanguard andsuccessor ofoursociety, weshould grasp the pulseofthistrend and actively meet whatever challenges andopportunities it may bring about. 134 134三、真题实战 “时代变了”型：2019年英语二大作文 135 135“当前趋势特点”型：2020年英语二大作文 某高校学生手机阅读目的调查 136 136双图表型-2023年英语一大纲例题（英一重点准备，英二听个思路） 137 137第六讲：材料类大作文实战-万能模板 一、材料作文大纲例题 英语一大纲例题 Readthefollowingexcerptfromanarticleandwriteanessay.Inyouressay,youshould explainwhetherortowhatextentyouagreewiththeauthor.Supportyourargument withreasonsandrelevantexamples. Manyofus,whateverourfieldofwork,fearthatshowinguncertaintycandamageour image-andwemaycompensatebyexpressingoverconfidenceinanattempttowin trust.Butinmanysituationspeoplearewillingtotrustthosewhocanadmitthey don’thaveadefinitiveanswer.Recentstudiesfoundthatcommunicatinguncertainty andevenadmittingourmistakesisnotharmfulandcanevenbebeneficialto trustworthiness.So,failurein“expertise”canbecompensatedbyhigherintegrityand benevolence.Whencommunicatinguncertaintyintransparentway,weareperceived aslessbiasedandwillingtotellthetruth. 英语二大纲例题 StudiesintheU.S.andtheU.K.consistentlyshowthatchildrenhavelosttherightto wander.Thisiswhymanyofouryouthturntotechnology.Theyaren’taddictedtothe computer;they'readdictedtointeraction,andbeingaroundtheirfriends.Children,and especiallyteenagers,don'twanttoonlysocializewithparentsandsiblings:theywantto playwiththeirpeers.That'showtheymakesenseoftheworld.Andwe’verobbed themofthatopportunity.We'reraisingourchildrenincaptivityandtheyturnto technologytosocialize,learnandrelax.Whyareweblamingthescreens? 材料特点：以社科研究类话题为特点，往往存在“旧现象、新发现”的套路。 题目要求：① 摆明自己对作者观点的态度：同意、不同意、部分同意 ② 给出你的理由与相关的例子 138 138二、模板思路与框架 1. 中文框架 在以上材料中，作者声称【作者结论句】。虽然这一论点在某种意义上有可 取之处，但是考虑到作者是在一个过分简化的基础上得出这样一种宽泛的论断的， 我只能部分同意其观点。 一方面，虽然作者的观点存在一些问题，但在某些情况下确实符合我们的常 识或经验。① 从《奥德赛》到《史记》，从孔子到柏拉图，能例证这一观点的 隽永故事与箴言不胜枚举。② 从日常推送到我手机屏幕上的新闻到微信朋友圈 里的日常生活内容，作为一个Z世代人和年轻的数码原住民，我近距离地经历 了和见证了太多的可以例证这一观点的事例。③ 自行发挥举例 另一方面，我必须指出作者过分简化了事情发生的情景和相关变量。考虑到 其独特且多样的背景，人们/事态未必会按作者所想的那样行动/反应/发展。 综上所述，上述话题甚为复杂，因而也并不存在一个直白或绝对的答案。在 我看来，考虑到这一问题的复杂性，具体情况具体分析无疑是更明智的办法。 2. 英文框架 In theexcerpt above,theauthor generally asserts that 作者结论句.Whilethis argument does have somemerit in away, considering that theauthor comes tothis broad assertion onan oversimplified basis, I can only partially agree with his opinion. On theone hand,Iwould liketo admit that theauthor’s statement, although suffering from certain flaws, issensiblein some cases,where theimplicitrationale behind itaccords with thecommon sense and empirical evidence in ourdaily life. ① From theOdyssey to theHistorical Records,from ConfuciustoPlato, instructive stories and thought-provoking proverbs that could exemplifythis perspectiveare too numerous to count. ② From thenews stories pushedto myscreen to thedaily lives posted on theWeChat Moments,as aGeneration Z andyoung digital native, Ihave intimatelyexperienced and witnessed numerous cases that could exemplify this perspective. ③ 自行发挥举例 On theother hand, Iam boundtopoint out thatthe authoroversimplifies the contextandrelevant variables. Given theirdistinctiveand diverse background,it is notsurprising to discover that people /thecourse ofevents may not necessarily act / react / develop in accordance with theauthor’spresumption. In conclusion, theissuementioned above isacomplex one, and thereare no simpleor absoluteanswers toit.From myperspective, given its complicated nature, it is certainly more advisable totake acase-by-case approach. 三、解题步骤 139 139第1步：快速阅读文字材料，总结主旨并找出相关作者结论句 常见的作者结论句特征 ① 研究结论句 Recent studies foundthat communicating uncertainty and evenadmitting ourmistakes is notharmful and can even bebeneficial to trustworthiness. Studiesin theU.S. and the U.K.consistently showthat children havelost theright to wander. 研究结论句标志词： ② 表示【结果】、【所以】的逻辑关系词所在的句子 So,failure in “expertise”can be compensated byhigher integrity and benevolence. Thisis why many ofouryouth turn to technology. 常见逻辑关系词： 第2步：适当整合并改写作者结论句（选做） 1. 整合方法： children have lost theright to wander. Thisis why many ofouryouth turn to technology. 2. 改写方法： 主语、宾语互换（主动、被动语态互换） children have lost theright to wander,andthisis why many ofouryouth turn to technology. → 此类变形尤其适合带有明显被动语态的结论句 failure in“expertise”can becompensated byhigher integrityand benevolence. → 第3步：确定作者论点的类型 1. 是否有很强的现代背景？ 2. 是关于人的认知、心理、行为的，还是关于客观事物发展规律的？ 第4步：代入模板 四、实战应用 140 140公众号【研池大叔】，免费提供考研网课+PDF电子书 更多考研英语配套课程，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【英语】免费获取 更多考研无水印电子书，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【电子书】免费获取 更多考研笔记，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【笔记】免费获取 更多考研真题，可通过【公众号：研池大叔】，后台回复【真题】免费获取【材料作文】模拟题① Readthefollowingexcerptfromanarticleandwriteanessay.Inyouressay,youshould explainwhetherortowhatextentyouagreewiththeauthor.Supportyourargument withreasonsandrelevantexamples. Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesis widelymisunderstood.Progressinbothareasisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial, politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties.However,the conventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesfor promotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Thefindingsofa researchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanreceive vocationaltrainingonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult, radicallyhigherstandardsofliving. 【材料作文】模拟题② Readthefollowingexcerptfromanarticleandwriteanessay.Inyouressay,youshould explainwhetherortowhatextentyouagreewiththeauthor.Supportyourargument withreasonsandrelevantexamples. InHappyMoney,academicsuseanarrayofbehavioralresearchtoshowthatthemost rewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealth ofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandextravaganthomes.Yetsatisfactionwiththese materialpurchaseswearsofffairlyquickly.Whatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomes old-hat;regretcreepsin.Therefore,itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,like interestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtothecinema.Thesepurchasesoften becomemorevaluablewithtime-asstoriesormemories-particularlyiftheyinvolve feelingmoreconnectedtoothers. 141 141第七讲：作文思路结构进阶与金句 一、小作文进阶 1. 私人书信 ① 以个人兴趣爱好经验、中国本土文化为主题的推荐、建议信。 此类信件以提出建议意见+阐述理由观点为主，套路类似大作文。 ② 以国际旅行的经历为背景的推荐信、道歉信、感谢信、慰问信。 此类信件以情景想象代入+诉诸情感为主，需要有基本的共情能力。 2. 公务书信 ① 学生组织或服务机构面向国际学生发布的信息公告、招募公告。 此类公告需要对典型的学生组织的工作内容、目标、要求有常识。 ② 代表学生组织向外国教授、学校领导提出的建议信、邀请信。 建议信需要对校园生活的典型问题有基本关注，套路类似大作文。 邀请信要突出组织的需求和受邀对象的专长，需要拿捏邀请的语气。 3. 备考建议 小作文的目的性极强，重点考察是否达到目的，而非语言是否“高级”。 对考生的校园生活基本常识和思考有一定要求， 对考生的共情能力和身份、情景代入等情感能力有一定要求， 考生需要重点描摹道歉、感谢、慰问、邀请信内容与格式，关注身边的各类公告 142 142二、大作文进阶 核心论点分类 变化与成因、优秀品质、不良问题、建议警醒 1. 变化与成因 整体思路： ① Owing to theuniversalization ofInternet access, Chinahas witnessed a remarkable development in mass communication, and with it thefurther exposureto newwants and new ideas. ② It isdifficult tothe pointofimpossibility forthe averagereader under theage of forty to imagine atimewhen high-quality arts criticism could befound in most big-city newspapers. ③ Thefast-developing technology makes access to theinternet byalarger bodyof peoplemore feasible nowadays. 143 143④ Long-distance education has provided people an alternativeway oflearning, apart from thetraditional education confined only to theclassroom. ⑤ Weare nowpart of aculture in which information and ideas are distributed predominately bythe electronic media, not bytheprinting press. ⑥ Such advances offer theaging populationa quality oflifethat was unimaginable 50years ago. ⑦ Today’svessels can find theirprey usingsatellites and sonar, which were not available 50years ago. ⑧ Left to odd,lowlevel IT stafftoput right, and seen as a concern only ofdata-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and airtravel, information protection is nowhigh ontheboss’s agenda inbusinesses ofevery variety. ⑨ As thisnew science of habit has emerged, controversies have erupted when the tactics have been used to sellquestionable beauty creams orunhealthy foods. ⑩ Sincetechnology has suchan insatiableappetite for eating uphuman jobs, this phenomenon will continueto restructure oureconomy in ways wecan’t immediately foresee. 144 1442. 优秀品质 整体思路： ① Well-developed skills, all otherfactors being equal, can bethedifference between having ajob andnot. ② Never before has internet served somuch toempower education as in this year. ③ whateverinborn differences two peoplemay exhibit in theirabilitiestomemorize, thosedifferences are swamped byhowwell each person “encodes” theinformation. ④ During thepast generation, theAmerican middle-class family that once could count onhard work and fairplay tokeep itselffinancially secure has been transformed byeconomic risk and newrealities. Now apink slip,a bad diagnosis, ora disappearing spousecan reduce afamily from solidlymiddleclass to newly poorina few months. ⑤ In my ownresearch, complaints from women about theirhusbands most often focused not ontangible inequities suchas havinggiven upthechance for acareer to accompany a husbandtohis, ordoingfar more than theirshare of daily life-support work likecleaning, cooking and social arrangements. Instead, theyfocused on communication 145 1453. 不良问题 整体思路： ① Surely itshouldbeobvious to thedimmest executivethat trust, that mostvaluable ofeconomic assets, is easily destroyed andhugely expensivetorestore—and that few things are more likely todestroy trust than acompany letting sensitivepersonal data get intothe wrong hands. ② Experience tellsus that individuals tend to act onbehalf ofshort-term and personal economicinterest,not onbehalfofthe long-term orpublicinterest as a whole. ③ Americans today don’tplace a very high value onintellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, notscholars. ④ Peopleare absorbed into“aculture ofconsumption”launched bythe 19th- century department stores thatoffered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. ⑦ Thecurrent state ofaffairs may have been encouraged—though notjustified—by thelack of legal penalty for data leakage. 146 1464. 建议警醒 整体思路： ① To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a misguided cause is that good people do nothing.” If good people do nothing, there is a real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress. ② Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond thematerial standards ofa particular industry. ③ Development should be planned, not let rip. ④ It ishigh timethat we putan end to theundesirable tendency ofsth. ⑤ No easy remedy canbeat hand to tackle theproblem of..., butthe general recognitionofthe significance ofsth might be thefirst step towards change inthe right direction. 优秀、地道的英语文章，永远是最好的作文素材库！ 147 147参考答案 （注：真题存在花卷，同一套题的选项排列顺序不同，所以不同资料中的参考答 案也可能有很大差异，故答案请以本讲义为准。） 强化阅读 2012-T1 ACDBA 2012-T2 CBBAC 2012-T3 ABACD 2013-T1 ADBCC 2013-T2 ACCBD 2013-T3 AABCB 2014-T1 BADBC 2014-T3BADDC 2014-T4 BCACD 2015-T1 ABBCD 2015-T2 CCCBD 2015-T3DADAB 2016-T1 BBACA 2016-T2 DCADC 2016-T3DBDAC 2016-T4ACBDB 2017-T1 BDCBA 2017-T2 ADCDB 2017-T3CADBA 2017-T4ADCCB 强化完形 2010年英二 DCBAA BDCBACDDAC BDCAB 2011年英二 ACBDD BACCB DBACAADACD 2012年英二 ABDAC DBACB DCCADABCBD 2013年英二 BDBAC BADCAACBDC DABDC 2014年英二 BACAD ACCDBABCDB DADCB 2010年英一 ABCBC BDACDCAADB ADCBD 2011年英一 CDBBABADCABCDCB DADAC 2012年英一 BABDC BDBAB ACCDACACDD 2013年英一 ABCDB DAADC ACBCB CDDBA 2014年英一 ABDCA ACBDC DABAD BDCCB 强化新题型 选标题： 2007年 FDBCE 2013年 FCGAB 2016年 BFCDE 观点匹配： 2012年 AFGCE 2014年 DEGCA 148 148