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第 03 讲 代词
目录
01 考情透视·目标导航····························································································································2
02 知识导图·思维引航····························································································································3
03 考点突破·考法探究····························································································································3
【基础详单】 ············································································································································3
知识点 代词概述及命题方向·····································································································3
考点一 代词的词形转换 ························································································································4
知识点1 人称代词·······················································································································4
知识点2 物主代词·······················································································································5
知识点3 反身代词 ···················································································································6
考点二 it
知识点1 it的基本用法················································································································7
知识点2 it的高频考查句型和短语···························································································8
知识点3 it用法易错点 ········································································································10
考点三 不定代词
知识点1 基本用法和解题技巧································································································10
知识点2 易错总结 ················································································································11
考点四 疑问代词、相互代词、指示代词
04 真题练习·命题洞现
1.真题实战 ·································································································································13
2.命题演练 ·································································································································13题型 考情分析
年份 卷别 代词 代词是高考重要考点。分析近年高考真题可知，代词
考点在新课标卷、北京卷、浙江卷中主要出现在语法
全国甲卷 is; me改为mine
2024 填空中，全国甲乙卷语法填空和短文改错都会考查到
浙江1月卷 ones
语法 代词，各卷的书面表达中也会大量涉及代词的运用。
填空 新高考Ⅰ they-theirs 语法填空中主要考查以下两类
、 卷 有提示词：
改错 全国甲卷 we改为us(改错） 1. 宾格形式 ： 在句中作宾语或表语。
、 2023 全国乙卷 his改为her（改 2. 物主代词 ： 形容词性 物主代词 在名词前作定语。名
单选 错） 词性物主代词作主语、宾语或表语。
但
天津第二 one 3. 反身代词 。
次 无提示词：
北京卷 themselves 1. i t 替代真正的主语或宾语
2. some , any , another , both ， one 等 不定代词。
全国甲卷 去掉my（改错）
2022 注意：解题时要仔细观察复杂语境中代词所充当的真
its;
正句子分成。
全国乙卷 they改为you（改
错）【基础详单】
知识点 代词概述
代词是用来替代名词的词，也用来代替起名词作用的短语和句子。英语中的代词根据其意义和作用可以分
为9类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、相互代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定
代词。
命题方向： 高频考点 :1 .以考查代词的词形转换为主；2.it作形式主语和形式宾语或用于固定短语和句型；
低频考点为不定代词的用法。
种类 常见用法
主格：I, we, you, he, she, they, it
人称代词
宾格：me, us, you, him, her, them, it
形容性物主代词：my, our, your, his, her, their, its，近年对its考查较多，值得重点关注。
物主代词
名词性物主代词：mine, ours, yours, his, hers, theirs, its
形式：myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, herself, himself, themselves, itself, oneself
用法：动词宾语、介词宾语、表语、同位语
反身代词
动词短语：behave oneself, dress oneself, enjoy oneself, express oneself；
介词短语：by oneself, for oneself, in oneself, to oneself，这些固定搭配应该重点记忆。
all, both, either, none, neither, each, any，这里要注意并列连词的使用，它也是解题的关
键。
some-, any-, no-等+thing, +body的合成代词
不定代词
many, much, (a) few, (a) little，这里注意所修饰的名词的单复数。
the other, another,t hat, those, the others, others, one, ones注意指代 (2024年浙江1月高
考考查ones )
1. 做形式主语：It is necessary to repeat the whole thing.
2. 做形式宾语：She made it clear (that) we were not welcome.
it用法 3. 做宾补：I have made it clear that everybody is not allowed to smoke here.
4. 用于强调句：It’s Spain that he went to, not Portugal.
5. 模糊指代：表示一般情况。指代气候、天气、温度、时间、地点、距离等。考点一 代词的词形转换
知识点1 人称代词
人称代词主格 I we you (你) you (你们) he she it they
人称代词宾格 me us you you him her it them
名师提醒：1.作主语：人称代词主格(I、we、you等)。2.作宾语/表语：人称代词宾格(me、us、you
等)、名词性物主代词(mine、ours、yours等)。
知识点2 物主代词
形容词性物主代词 my our your (你的) your (你们的) his her its their
名词性物主代词 mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs
名师提醒:作定语：形容词性物主代词(my、our、your等)。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主
代词+n.”。
典例1. （2024湖南长沙·雅礼中学模拟）After working for many years to increase (they) numbers,
there are now more than 1800 giant pandas that live in the wild.
典例2. （2024福建·福州高三模拟）The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that
(we) are bigger.
变式训练1.Growing up in a different environment from ________(they) elders, they have witnessed
China’s rise as a global economic powerhouse and formed a brand-new consumption concept.
变式训练2 Toys of the children today hardly have any resemblance to those of _______（we）when we
were little kids.
知识点3 反身代词
单数 myself yourself himself, herself, itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves含反身代词的高频短语
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 come to oneself 苏醒 by oneself 独自地
teach oneself 自学 devote oneself to 致力于…… of oneself 自动地
behave oneself 举止得体 help oneself to 自己取用…… for oneself 为自己
seat oneself 坐下 make oneself at home 不拘束 be oneself 身心自在
apply oneself to 致力于..... dress oneself 穿衣；穿着，打扮 say to oneself心里想
【名师提醒】反身代词在句中可用作宾语、表语、同位语等。如果宾语与主语是指同一人或物，用反身代
词(myself、yourself、itself等)。
【易错点】
1. 混淆代词宾格和形容词性物主代词。考查代词作定语修饰名词时，设空处后面的名词容易被考生容易
忽略，只关注空格前面的动词或介词误填代词宾格。
2. 代词前后指代逻辑意义不一致以及单复数形式混淆是高频易错点。
典例1.（2024·江苏扬州·高三模拟）Nowadays, having already been listed as Provincial Intangible Culture
Heritage by the Sichuan Provincial Government, this art is engaging (it) in the general public
entertainment.
典例2.（2024·江苏南通·期末试题）When interacting with others, people should put (they) in the
other person’s position, regarding it as a code of conduct to live harmoniously with others.
变式训练1.She has been posting videos of (she) dressed in hanfu on the Internet, which has attracted
many fans on Chinese lifestyle.
变式训练2.We must first of all have confidence in (we).
考点二 it
知识点1 代词it基本用法
1. it指天气、时间、距离、环境；
It is twenty miles from here to the village. 从这里到那个村庄有20英里路。2. it代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法等；
Although he didn’t like it, I decided to see the movie anyway.
尽管他不喜欢看这部电影，但我还是决定去看一看。
3. 身份不明的人或婴儿；
What will you call it if it is a boy? 要是男孩的话，你会给他取个什么名字？
4. it用于强调句型中。
It is on the farm where we worked together that we got to know each other.
我们是在一起工作过的农场上相互认识的。
5. it充当形式主语或宾语。
典例1.（2018·高考英语全国卷I） If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the
same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give _______ a try.
典例 1.（2024 湖北襄阳·高三·期末）“The Wu dialect makes Pingtan stand out but also makes
inaccessible to a wider audience,” Ge added.
知识点2 it高频考查句型和短语
常考it作形式主语的句型
1. It + be +adj./n.+for/of+不定式。“对某人来说做某事是......”。形容词 easy, difficult, hard,
necessary, unnecessary, possible等用for。形容词kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish
等用of。
2. It + is +no good/use/useless doing sth.；做某事是没用的。
It is no use arguing with him; he won't change his mind. 同他争论没用，他不会改变主意。
3. It + be +名词词组（a pity/ a fact/ no wonder...）/adj.+that从句
It is a pity that you can’t go with her. 你不能和她一起去真是太遗憾了。
4. It’s well worth doing...在该句型中，doing用主动形式表达被动含义。
5. It+appear/seem/turn out/occur to sb....+that...“似乎/好像/证明/某人突然想到......”。
6. It + is +said/believed/supposed/thought/reported+that从句...“据认为/据报道......”
=People say/believe/suppose/report that...
=Sb/Sth.is said to do...
It is reported that 16 people were killed in the earthquake.
据报道有16人在这次地震中丧生。
7. It + takes sb some time/some money to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”。
8. It is natural/necessary/important/strange＋that从句”中，从句的谓语动词常用“should＋动词原
形”，且should可以省略。常考it作形式宾语的句型
1. 主语＋believe/consider/find/feel/think/guess/suppose/make＋it＋adj./n.＋不定式/动名词/从句。
I find it easy to get on with John. 我发现和约翰相处很容易。
He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held.他没有说清楚何时何地举行
会议。
2. 某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟从句。此时须先用 it，然后接从句，有此用法的动词(短语)：
like, dislike, hate, appreciate, depend on, rely on, count on等。
You can depend/count on it that...你可以相信/指望......
I hate it when I have to speak in French on the phone.不得不用法语打电话，我感到很厌烦。
I like it when she sings me a song.我喜欢她为我唱歌。
3. it可用于表达意义不明确的语境中，如：get it(明白了)；make it(成功了)；forget it(算了）
4. As someone puts it...像某人所说的那样......
典例1.（2024·全国甲卷高考真题）This area, with _________(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty,
must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy-as a national park.
典例2.（2018·高考英语浙江卷） Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own
countries once they realize how cheap _______ can be to eat out.
变式训练1.Unlike (it) seemingly simple appearance, making a guqin is extremely demanding.
变式训练2.Your house is always so neat----how do you manage___________ with three children?
知识点3 it用法易错点
It＋be＋时间段＋since引导的状语从句，“自……以来已多久了”。
表示现在的情况时，主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句多用一般过去时；表示过去的情况时，
主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。
1. It is three years since his father passed away.自从他父亲去世已经三年了。
2. It was 10 years since they had married.自从他们结婚已经十年了。
It＋be＋时间段＋before引导的状语从句
句型中的“时间段”一般为some time, long, ... years, ... months, ... weeks, ... days, ... hours, ...
minutes等。主句中的be可用一般过去时was/were或一般将来时will be：用was/were时，before从句用一
般过去时；用will be时，before从句常用一般现在时。1. It wasn't long before he told us about this affair.
没过多久他就告诉了我们这件事情。
2. It will be many years before the situation improves.
这种状况要过许多年才能得到改善。
It＋be＋时间点＋when引导的状语从句
这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句的谓语动词和从
句的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，但是当主句是将来时时，从句一般用一般现在时代替将来时。
It was already 8 o'clock when we got home.
我们到家时已经8点了。
It＋be＋time＋that引导的从句
这个句型中从句需用虚拟语气，该句型表示“是做……的时候了”，从句谓语动词常用过去式(be用
were)。time之前有时可加上high或about以加强语气。
It is high time (that) she wrote a letter to her mother.
她早该写一封信给她妈妈了。
It＋be＋the first/second/third ... time＋that引导的从句，“这/那是某人第几次做某事”。
主句中be是is时，从句要用现在完成时；主句中be是was时，则从句需相应地用过去完成时。
It is the first time (that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.
这是这些欧洲人第一次参观长城。
考点三 不定代词
知识点1 基本用法和解题技巧
1. one, ones, the one, the ones, those, it, that的区别
one 代指可数名词，单数，泛指；复数ones;
the one 代指可数名词，单数，特指; 复数the ones/those
that 代指不可数名词或可数名词单数或相当于the one
it 上文中所提到的同一个事物
2. the other, other, another, others的区别
the other 指两者中的另一个，常与one连用，构成one ..., the other ... “一个……另一个……”。
other other不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义
another
可单独使用，也可修饰名词，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”，代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外 another后可接“基数词/few＋复数名词”形式，表示“另外
的……(多少)”
单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为“其他的人或事物”，常与 some一起出现；特指其他的
others
全部人或事物时用the others
3.either, both, neither, all, none, any的区别
either 表示两者中的一个，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
both 表示两者都，作主语时，谓语动词用复数
neither 表示两者都不，作主语时，谓语动词常用单数否定
表示三者或三者以上都，作主语时，谓语动词的人称和数应与all所指代的人或事物保持一
all
致
表示三者或三者以上都不，作主语后接复数名词时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数；
none
后接不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数否定。
any 表示三者中的任意一个，作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，常与of连用
4. none, no one与nothing的区别
1. none指人或物，表特指，可与of短语连用，回答疑问词how many/much引起的问句。
2. nothing指物，表泛指，不与of短语连用，回答疑问词what引起的问句。
3. no one/nobody指代人，表泛指，不与of短语连用，回答疑问词who引起的问句。
I was going to offer you some cakes, but there is none left.
我本打算请你吃些蛋糕，但一点也没剩下。
1. 理清句子结构，确定不定代词
1. 若指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词则用that，若指代复数形式用those；
2. 若指代前面出现过的某类事物中的“一个”则用one，若指代复数形式用ones。
知识点2 易错总结
易错提醒：
1. 两者：二者选其一用either; 二者都不选用neither; 二者都选用both；
2. 三者或三者以上：三者或三者以上的任何一个用any; 三者或三者以上都不选用none; 三者或三
者以上都选用all；
3. 其他：若表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另外一个”用another；若表示“(两者中的)另一个”用the
other；若表示“其余的，另外的”，在名词前用other; 若不跟名词且指代复数， 用others。
4. all, both, every,everybody,everything与not用于同一句中，表示部分否定；全部否定用 neither,none,no one, nothing及“no与名词连用”等都表示全部否定。
None of us was going to the party.我们之中没人去参加那个聚会。
Not all of them smoke.=All of them don't smoke.他们当中不是所有的人都抽烟。
不定代词用于习惯搭配中
nothing but 仅仅，只是; anything but 决不
something of 有几分，略微; or something 诸如此类的人或物
if anything 要说有什么两样的话; have something/nothing to do with...与......有/无关
all but 几乎，差不多; every other day 每隔一天
典例1.（2024·广东广州·高三模拟）Travel portal Trip.com Group said that as of Aug 17 searches for group tours
to Japan exceeded for Thailand and Singapore — traditional top choices for Chinese travelers.
典例2.（2024·重庆名校·模拟试题）Just an hour after completing her first aid course, Mamta was waiting at a
bus stop when she heard a crash and saw a motorcyclist flying through the air—his helmet was going one way and
his motorbike the .
变式训练1.In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be
year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes.
变式训练2.Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments
to be completed at home, of which will be graded.
考点四 疑问代词、相互代词、指示代词
疑问代词：疑问代词在高考试题中主要以听力题干和阅读的形式出现。有who, whom, whose, which,
what,whose等。
相互代词：是表示相互关系的代词，each other(两者),one another(三者或三者以上)。
指示代词：指上文提到的，单数this/that; 复数these/those;
常见习惯搭配：
that is to say=that is...也就是说
That’ it. 对啦！可不是嘛！
That’ enough! 我受够了！That will do. 那正好。
疑问代词
1. what的习惯用法
What if ...？表示假设、建议、征求意见或疑虑
What do you mean (by ...)？表示愤怒、不满等情绪
What/How about ...？ 用于征求对方意见、询问对方的情况
So what？那又怎么样呢？(表示不感兴趣或认为不重要)
Guess what？你猜怎么着？(用以引起他人的注意)
Like what？比如说？
What is he? 他是干什么的？
What is
2.which的特定用法
在表示有范围的选择时，只能用which。
Which is the following is mentioned? 提到的是下面的哪一个？
Which of the three girls is the oldest?三个女孩中哪个是年龄最大的？
3. whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever表泛指，意为“无论......”。
You have our support, whatever you decide.
不管你作任何决定，我们都支持你。
一、 真题实战
1.（2024浙江高考1月语法填空）Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ________ (one) may
yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
2.（2024 年全国甲卷语法填空）This area, with ________（it）unique and breathtaking natural beauty,
must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park. .
3. (2021年新高考I卷语法填空) As the song goes, this long and winding road "will never disappear", and it will
always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in （I）.
4. (2023年全国甲卷改错)In that class, Miss Zhao, our biology teacher, showed we insects on stamps.
5.（2020·全国卷 I） Data about the moon’s composition, such as how much ice and other treasures it
contains, could help China decide whether _____ (it) plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.二、 命题演练
在空格处填上适当的词
1.（2024高·重庆·开学考试）Tai chi, part of Chinese culture, is a kind of exercise which helps people
improve___________ (they) in health.
2.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）Born in France, she returned from Paris with her father and devoted
(they) to the cause of cultural heritage.
3.（2024·广东·专题练习）Some people have expressed skepticism because it is unbelievable she
looks so perfect after a long day of work in the fields.
4.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）So before you return home from work tonight, put the burden of work down.
Don’t carry back home.
5.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）The other day, occurred to Johnson that he should make a road trip to
help the needy.
6.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）It’s careless you to make so many mistakes in this exam.
7.（2023高三·全国·专题练习）I feel it a great honor (invite) to speak at the meeting before so
many students.
