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Unit12 Life is full of the unexpected.
Section A Grammar Focus-4c 分层练习
基础达标
一、根据句意及汉语提示写单词。
1．There is a big ______________ (市场) near my house.
2．I usually have ______________ (奶油) cakes for breakfast.
3．These green ______________ (豆荚) look good. Let's buy some.
4．Hector gets back from work very late on______________ (工作日).
5．The apple ______________ (果馅饼) are delicious. Would you like some?
【答案】
1．market 2．cream 3．beans 4．workdays 5．pies
【详解】
1．句意：我家附近有一家大的市场。
冠词a后面用可数名词单数，根据汉语提示可知填market。
2．句意：我早饭通常吃奶油蛋糕。
根据汉语提示可知，作定语修饰名词cakes用cream，故填cream。
3．句意：这些绿色豆荚看上去很好。我们买一些吧。
根据空格前的指示代词these可知用可数名词复数，由汉语提示可知填beans。
4．句意：海科特平日从班上回来很晚。
短语on weekdays意为在平日，根据汉语提示可知填名词weekdays。
5．句意：苹果馅饼美味。你想买一些吗？
Apple pie意为苹果馅饼，根据空格后 的be 动词是are可知主语是复数，汉语意思可知填
复数pies。
二、用所给单词的正确形式填空
6．By the end of last year, I ____________(be) to the West Hill Farm three times.
7．Mom____________(go) out for some exercise by the time I got up.
8．By 10：00 last night,she ____________(send) five emails to me.
9．When I went into the classroom, the final bell ________ (ring).
10．We ________________(paint) the house before we moved in.
【答案】
6．had been 7．had gone 8．had sent 9．had rung 10．had painted
【详解】
6．句意：到去年底，我已经去过西山三次。
根据时间状语By the end of last year,到去年底为止可知用过去完成时，故填had been。
7．句意：到我起床时，妈妈已经出去锻炼了。根据by the time I got up到我起床时，可知用过去完成时，故填had gone。
8．句意：到昨晚10点，他已经给我发送了五个电子邮件。
根据时间状语By 10：00 last night,到昨晚10点为止，可知用过去完成时，故填had sung。
9．句意：当我进入教室时，最后一遍铃已经响了。
时间状语从句When I went into the classroom,是过去发生的动作，主句用过去完成时，故填
had rung。
10．句意：在我们搬进之前，我们已经给房子刷过漆了。
根据时间状语before we moved in.我们搬进去前是一般过去时，所以主句用用过去完成时，
故填had painted。
三、完成句子（按要求完成下列句子,每空一词。）
11．He had studied English for five years before he came here. (对画线部分提问)
________ ________ had he studied English before he came here?
12．It had stopped raining when I woke up this morning. (改为一般疑问句)
________it ________raining when you woke up this morning?
13．My father left for Guangzhou for business. I got home yesterday evening. (用when合为一
句)
My father ________ left for Guangzhou for business ________I got home yesterday evening.
14．Mike had learned five Chinese songs by the end of last term. (改为否定句)
Mike ________ ________five Chinese songs by the end of last term.
15．Before I watched the movie, everybody had watched it. (改为同义句)
By ________ ________I watched the movie, everybody had watched it.
【答案】11． How long 12． Had stopped 13．
had when 14． hadn't learned 15． the time
【详解】
11．句意：他来这里之前已经学习了五年英语。
原句的画线部分是一段时间，对一段时间提问用How long，助动词放在主语前面，故填
How long。
12．句意：今天早晨我醒来时，已经停止下雨了。
过去完成时的一般疑问句是把助动词had提到句首，句末的逗号改成问号，故填Had;
stopped。
13．根据所给两句句意可知，父亲离开在我到家之前，所以时间状语从句引导词是when，
主句表示过去的过去用过去完成时，故填had；when。
14．句意：到上学期末，麦克已经学习了五首中文歌曲。
过去完成时的否定句是在助动词had后加not，缩写为hadn’t，过去分词不变，故填
hadn’t；learned。
15．句意：在我看这部电影前，大家已经看过了。
时间状语Before I watched the movie和By the time I watched the movie的意思相同，故填thetime。
能力提升
一、单项选择
1．By the end of last week, Maggie _____________ in the west of China for two months helping
the homeless children.
A．will stay B．has stayed C．would stay D．had stayed
【答案】D
【详解】句意：到上周末为止， Maggie已经在中国西部待了两个月帮助那些无家可归的
孩子们。根据句中时间状语By the end of last week是到上周末为止，即到过去时间为止已
经完成的动作，所以用过去完成时态，故选D。
2．—You didn’t watch the movie?
—Yes, but by the time I ______ to the cinema, the movie ______ for several minutes.
A．got; has begun B．got; had been on
C．got; had begun D．got; has been on
【答案】B
【详解】句意：-你没有看这部电影吗？-不，我看了，但是当我到达电影院的时候，电影
已经开始好几分钟了。got到达，过去式；has begun现在完成时；had been on过去完成时，
系表结构；had begun过去完成时；has been on现在完成时。结合本题语境可知，在我倒电
影院之前，电影已经开始几分钟了。当by the time后的从句用一般过去时，主句要用过去
完成时，再结合for several minutes可知，要用延续性的had been on。故选B。
3．—Have you ever ________the amusement park like Disneyland in other parts of the world?
—No,I haven't.
A．heard about B．heard from C．heard D．heard out
【答案】A
【详解】句意：—你听说过在世界上别的地方像迪士尼一样的娱乐公园吗？ —不，我没有。
考查动词短语。heard about听说关于某事；heard from收到某人来信；heard听见；heard
out听到了。根据句意可知听说过关于迪士尼公园，用heard about，故选A。
4．She told me that she ________ a cold for three days.
A．has caught B．had had C．has had D．had caught
【答案】B
【详解】句意：她告诉我她得感冒三天了。
考查动词过去完成时态用法。has caught是非延续性动词catch的现在完成时；had had已经
患了某种病一段时间，是延续性动词的过去完成时；has had是延续性动词的现在完成时；
had caught非延续性动词catch的过去完成时。非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间连用，后面的for three days是一段时间，排除A和D；根据主句动词told是一般过去时，可知宾语
从句的动作是过去的过去，用过去完成时had had，故选B。
5．—Great changes have taken place in this city.
—Right. Many modern tall buildings have been ________ these days.
A．turned up B．put up
C．shown up D．fixed up
【答案】C
【详解】句意：—这个城市已发生很大变化； —对。这些天很多高楼已经被建起来。
考查动词短语辨析。turned up出现，找到；put up提供，建造；shown up露出；fixed up搭
起来了。根据前一句发生变化可知这个城市出现了很多高楼，所以用shown up，故选C。
二、完形填空
On one cold January morning, my alarm clock went off and woke me up. I jumped up really
quickly because it scared me. It was probably because I was______6______ a bad dream, a really
scary one. It was in a haunted house, and I was locked inside all______7______. Then, when I
opened the door, someone jumped out. That is when my alarm clock went off.
When I looked at my calendar, I was not very happy ______8______ it was Monday.
Mondays are always so ______9______. I looked at my alarm clock to see what time it was. It
said 6：45. Then I remembered that my mom made me change it from 7：00. I got out of bed
______10______.
After I got dressed, I went downstairs to the kitchen to eat breakfast. I took a banana because
I wasn't _____11_____. Then, just as I started to peel it, I noticed a spider on the side of it. I have
always been ______12______ spiders. I always get scared when I see them.
The next thing I did was to go into the bathroom to brush my teeth and wash my hair. I
picked up my toothbrush and toothpaste and_____13_____ toothpaste on my toothbrush－at least
I tried to. It was all ______14______,so I had to use my father's. When I was
walking_____15_____ the bathroom, I hit my head on the door. That was when I knew I would
have an awful day.
6．A．making B．building C．having D．ending
7．A．alive B．along C．awake D．asleep
8．A．but B．or C．because D．after
9．A．interesting B．exciting C．boring D．amazing
10．A．politely B．slowly C．loudly D．easily
11．A．hungry B．thirsty C．tired D．sad
12．A．interested in B．afraid of C．worried about D．careful with
13．A．put B．carried C．handed D．provided
14．A．missed B．gone C．died D．lost
15．A．inside B．across C．out of D．next to【答案】
6．C 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．B 11．A 12．B 13．A 14．B 15．C
【导语】
本文是记叙文。一个寒冷的早晨，我被闹钟从噩梦中惊醒。我看下日历是无聊的周一，我
下楼到厨房，拿了一个香蕉要剥皮时看见了一个蜘蛛，我害怕蜘蛛，接下来我去卫生间刷
牙牙膏用完了，从里面出来时，头碰到了门上。那时我才知道是最糟糕的一天。
【详解】
6．句意：这可能是因为我在做一个噩梦，一个实在可怕的噩梦。
考查动名词和语境辨析。making 制造；building建造；having有；ending结束。短语have
a dream意为“做一个梦”，故选C。
7．句意：这是一个闹鬼的屋子，我被一直锁在里面。
考查形容词和语境辨析。alive活着的；along一起，一直；awake醒来的；asleep睡着的。
短语all along意思是“一直”，根据all可知用along，故选B。
8．句意：我看日历时我不太高兴，因为那天是星期一。
考查连词用法。but可是，但是，表转折；or或者，否则，表选择；because因为，后面跟
原因；after在……以后。根据下文可知因为是星期一而不高兴，because引导原因状语从句，
故选C。
9．句意：星期一总是无聊的。
考查形容词和语境辨析。interesting有趣的；exciting兴奋的，令人激动的；boring无聊的；
amazing令人惊异的。根据下文我妈妈把闹钟换了可知我觉得星期一是无聊的，故选C。
10．句意：我慢慢起床了。
考查副词和语境辨析。politely有礼貌地；slowly缓慢地；loudly大声地；easily容易地。根
据上文妈妈改了我的闹钟时间可知我在星期一不想早起，我所以慢慢起床，故选B。
11．句意：我拿了一个香蕉，因为我不饿。
考查形容词和语境辨析。hungry饥饿的；thirsty口渴的；tired疲劳的；sad悲伤的，难过的。
根据早饭只吃了一个香蕉，可知我不饿，故选A。
12．句意：我总是害怕蜘蛛。
考查动词短语和语境辨析。be interested in对……感兴趣； be afraid of害怕，担心； be
worried about担心某事；be careful with小心照顾。根据后一句我一看见它们就害怕可知是
害怕的，故选B。
13．句意：我拿起牙刷和牙膏，把牙膏挤到牙刷上。
考查动词和语境辨析。put放置；carried拿，提；handed交，递；provided提供，给予。根
据常识可知，准备刷牙要把牙膏放到牙刷上，故选A。
14．句意：牙膏都用完了，我不得不用父亲的。
考查动词和语辨析。missed错过；be gone走，消失了；died死亡，消失；lost丢失，迷路。
根据后一句我不得不用父亲的可知我的牙膏用完了，故选B。
15．句意：当我走出浴室时，我的头撞在了门上。考查介词和语境辨析。inside在里面；across穿过,在对面；out of从……出来；next to在隔
壁，旁边。刚才是在浴室里，此时我从里面出来，故选C。
拓展训练
一、单项选择
1．（2020·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）By the time the teacher came, we _____ cleaning the
classroom.
A．finished B．have finished C．had finished
【答案】C
【详解】句意：老师来的时候，我们已经打扫完了教室。
考查过去完成时。A. finished表一般过去时；B. have finished表现在完成时；C. had finished
表过去完成时。根据英语语法，by the time引导时间状语从句，从句为一般过去时，主句
应用过去完成时，表示截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去。故选
C。
2．（2022·上海杨浦·二模）I ________ all Harry Potter books by the time I was ten!
A．read B．have read C．would read D．had read
【答案】D
【详解】句意：在我十岁的时候，我已经读完了所有的《哈利波特》系列书籍！
考查时态。根据“by the time I was ten”可知，十岁的时候已经读完了，应该用过去完成时
had done。故选D。
3．（2022·江苏宿迁·一模）—They had memorized most of the new words in the textbook
______ of last term.
—You mean ________ of the new words?
A．at the end; one-third B．in the end; four-fifths
C．by the end; three-fourths D．by the end; three-quarter
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——到上学期末，他们已经记住了课本上的大部分生词。——你的意思是
生词的四分之三？
考查过去完成时和数词用法。根据“They had memorized most of the new words”可知问句是
过去完成时，时间状语应该是到过去一个时间为止，用by the end of；分数的表达是分子基
数词，分母序数词，如果分子大于1，分母用复数。故选C。
4．（2022·广西桂林·中考真题）The Greens ________ in Guilin for six years.
A．have lived B．lived C．live
【答案】A
【详解】句意：格林一家在桂林住了六年了。
考查现在完成时。根据“for six years”可知，时态是现在完成时，故选A。5．（2022·四川四川·中考真题）Tom, you _______ in this city since 2019. What do you think
of it?
A．have lived B．live C．lived D．will live
【答案】A
【详解】句意：汤姆，你自2019年以来一直住在这个城市。你觉得怎么样？
考查动词时态。根据since 2019可知，此处是现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选A。
6．（2022·上海·中考真题）The new restaurant ___ two surveys on its food and service since
June.
A．is doing B．will do C．did D．has done
【答案】D
【详解】句意：自6月份以来，这家新餐厅就其食物和服务进行了两次调查。
考查动词时态。根据“since June”可知句子是现在完成时，故选D。
7．（2022·西藏·中考真题）With the efforts of Chinese government, China ________ absolute
poverty(绝对贫困) in 2021.
A．end B．is ended C．ended D．was ended
【答案】C
【详解】句意：在中国政府的努力下，中国于2021结束了绝对贫困。
考查动词时态。根据“in 2021”可知句子是一般过去时，而且主语和动词之间是主动关系，
故选C。
8．（2022·上海·中考真题）The three Chinese astronauts ____ safely from space on April 16,
2022.
A．returned B．are returning C．have returned D．had returned
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这三名中国宇航员于2022年4月16日从太空安全返回。
考查动词时态。根据“April 16, 2022”可知，此句用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选A。
9．（2022·湖北黄石·中考真题）David has worked here for 10 years since he ____ from
university.
A．graduates B．graduated C．has graduated D．will graduate
【答案】B
【详解】句意：大卫大学毕业后在这里工作了10年。
考查动词时态。since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，毕业
的动作已经发生过，故选B。
10．（2022·湖南益阳·中考真题）—You look tired. I wonder ________ last night.
—I didn’t go to bed until eleven for preparing a report.
A．when you go to bed B．when you went to bed C．when did you go to bed
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你看起来很疲惫。我想知道你昨晚什么时候睡觉的。——为了准备一份报告，我直到11点才去睡觉。
考查宾语从句。分析成分可知，空格处到句末为宾语从句，应用陈述句语序，排除C；根
据“last night”可知，此宾语从句应用一般过去时。故选B。
二、阅读单选（2022·宁夏·银川三沙源上游学校一模）
Maybe we three were the most unlucky graduates in our school history. I’ll never forget the
day when we had our graduation ceremony.
I was known for being careless. I often fell down for no reason. Since I fell off the stage (舞
台) during my Primary Graduation Ceremony my family bet that I would fall down again during
my next graduation ceremony. The day came so quickly. This time, I proudly made it through the
whole ceremony without falling. But I knocked over the whole backdrop (背景板) used to take
pictures for graduates. I felt so embarrassed the whole morning.
My friend Julia was even more embarrassed. When she together with all the graduates was
sitting quietly in the hall at eight in the morning, she didn’t expect her father to come to attend her
ceremony because he was really busy then. The hall was very quiet and you could even hear a pin
(针) drop on the ground. When all of a sudden, out of the silence, she heard “Hey, Julia!”.
Everyone in the hall looked behind and found Julia’s father, with a camera in his hand, smiling at
her!
Tiffany was the most beautiful girl of us three. She loved all kinds of dresses. On that day,
she dressed herself beautifully and wanted to have some beautiful photos. Unluckily, it was one of
the windiest days of our life. The wind blew her beautiful dress up in front of the whole graduate
class! She didn’t know whether to cry or laugh.
Lucky? Unlucky? So lucky! All of these became the unforgettable part of our life!
11．The writer was very ________ in her daily life.
A．careless B．careful C．friendly D．lazy
12．Julia’s father ________ at the graduation ceremony.
A．sat quietly in his seat B．was busy with his work
C．took pictures for her D．dropped a pin on the ground
13．This story happened on a ________ day.
A．cloudy B．windy C．sunny D．rainy
14．Tiffany was embarrassed because ________ that day.
A．she fell off the stage B．she didn’t have beautiful dresses
C．her dress was blown up D．her photos weren’t unforgettable
15．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．The girls weren’t in the same school. B．The writer knocked over the backdrop.
C．Julia knew that her father would come. D．Tiffany loved all kinds of shoes.
【答案】11．A 12．C 13．B 14．C 15．B
【导语】
本文主要是作者讲述了自己和朋友在毕业典礼上发生的一些事情。
【详解】
11．细节理解题。根据“I was known for being careless.”可知，作者在日常生活中非常粗心。
故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据“Everyone in the hall looked behind and found Julia’s father, with a
camera in his hand, smiling at her!”可知，茱莉亚的父亲在毕业典礼上为她拍照。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据“Unluckily, it was one of the windiest days of our life.”可知，这个故
事发生在一个刮风的日子。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据“The wind blew her beautiful dress up in front of the whole graduate
class! She didn’t know whether to cry or laugh.”可知，蒂法尼很尴尬，因为那天她的裙子被风
吹了起来。故选C。
15．细节理解题。根据“But I knocked over the whole backdrop (背景板) used to take pictures
for graduates.”作者撞翻了拍毕业照的背景板，可知B项是正确的。故选B。
