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2025年军队文职人员招聘《英语语言文学》
模拟预测4
即刻题库 www.jike.vip
1 、 单选题
( ) refers to a construction where one clause is coordinated with another.
A ： Embedding
B ： Recursiveness
C ： onjoining
D ： Cohesion
正确答案： C
解析：
考查语义知识。Conjoining(并列连接)refers to the process where one clause is
coordinated with another，
2 、 单选题
Easter is a holiday usually connected to the following except( )
A ： the reunion of a large family
B ： coming of spring
C ： resurrection of Christ
D ： eating of Easter eggs
正确答案： A
解析：
考查节日。Easter(复活节)是纪念耶稣复活的节日，一般指每年春分(3月21日)月圆后的
第一个星期日。复活节的名字源于Eostre——主管春天和太阳升起的女神。每年春天人
们向这位女神致敬，庆祝冬天的死去和大自然的万物复苏。复活节彩蛋是复活节的象征。
因此，复活节与B、C、D三项都有关。
3 、 单选题Which of the fllowing is not included in the design features of language？( )
A ： Cultural transmission
B ： Displacement
C ： Duality
D ： Inflection
正确答案： D
解析：
考查语言的识别性特征。语言的识别性特征包括任意性、双重性、位移性、创造性和文
化传递性，因此D项错误。D项Infiection“屈折变化”是词法构成形式之一。
4 、 单选题
The heart is( )intelligent than the stomach，for they are both controlled by the brain.
A ： not so
B ： not much
C ： much more
D ： no more
正确答案： D
解析：
考查比较句型。根据than可以判断，形容词intelligent要用比较级。C项结构正确，但不
符合题意；no more ...than意为“同……一样不”，no more后可用名词或形容词。故
本题选D。句意：心脏和胃一样都无智力可言，因为它们都受大脑控制。
5 、 单选题
The color in her shirt( )gently after it was washed by washing machine.
A ： faded
B ： vanished
C ： dissolved
D ： evaporated
正确答案： A
解析：
考查动词 辨析。她衬衫上的颜色被洗衣机洗过后褪掉了。
6 、 单选题
The bomb destroyed a police station and damaged a church( )A ： badly
B ： bad
C ： worse
D ： mostly
正确答案： A
解析：
考查副词辨析。炸弹炸毁了一个警察局，还严重毁坏了一座教堂。
7 、 单选题
Which one is the national sport of Canada？( )
A ： Football
B ： Hockey
C ： Baseball
D ： Basketball
正确答案： B
解析：
考查加拿大国民运动。加拿大国民运动包括冰球和曲棍球。
8 、 单选题
The Renaissance was a European phenomenon originated in ( )
A ： France
B ： ritain
C ： Italy
D ： Spain
正确答案： C
解析：
欧洲历史。题目问The Renaissance(文艺复兴)起源于哪个国家，答案是意大利。英国文
学深受文艺复兴运动的影响，该运动充满了人文主义(humanism)的色彩。
9 、 单选题
A ( ) is not a sound， it is a collection of distinctive phonetic features.
A ： phoneme
B ： phoneC ： sound
D ： speech
正确答案： A
解析：
考查语音学。音素不是声音，音素是根据语音的自然属性划分出来的最小语音单位，是
具有特定含义的语音特征的集合。
10 、 单选题
According to the Official Language of Act of Canada，there are two official languages
in Canada，they are( )
A ： English and Spanish
B ： English and Portuguese
C ： English and French
D ： English and Celtic
正确答案： C
解析：
考查加拿大官方语言。加拿大官方语言为英语和法语。
11 、 单选题
The Hundred Year’s War lasted from 1337 to 1453 between Britain and( )
A ： the US
B ： France
C ： anada
D ： Australia
正确答案： B
解析：
考查英国历史。百年战争是指从1337年开始，断断续续直至1453年结束的英法两国之间
的战争。战争起因既有领土之争也有经济利益的冲突。
12 、 单选题
( )，domesticated grapes grow in clusters，range in color from pale green to
black，and contain sugar in varying quantities.
A ： Their botanical classification as berries
B ： Although their botanical classification as berriesC ： Because berries being their botanical classification
D ： Classified botanically as berries
正确答案： D
解析：
考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，所填空后面为一个完整的句子，主语为grapes，谓语
为grow、range 和contain，故横线处不构成句子主干，应为非谓语成分。B项意为“尽
管它们在植物学上被归为浆果”与后面的句子在意义上并不构成转折关系，故排除。C
项意为“因为它们在植物学上被归为浆果”与后面的句子在意义上并不构成因果关系，
故排除。D项“在植物学上被归为浆果”符合语法和语义，Classified的 主语应为grapes，
grapes 被归类为浆果，用过去分词表被动。故本题选D。句意：家里种的葡萄在植物学
上被归为浆果，它们成簇生长，颜色从淡绿色到黑色不等，且含糖量不同。
13 、 单选题
Psycholinguistics investigates the interrelation of language and ( )
A ： a speech community
B ： its diversity
C ： human mind
D ： human behavior
正确答案： C
解析：
语言学基本概念。心理语言学属于宏观语言学，研究语言和大脑的关系。
14 、 单选题
Which of the following is Thomas Hardy′sbest-known novel?
A ： Far From the Madding Crowd
B ： The Mayor of Castorbridge
C ： Tess of the D′Urbervilles
D ： The Return of the Native
正确答案： C
解析：
英国文学之作家作品。英国维多利亚时期的著名诗人、小说家Thomas Hardy(哈代)的代
表作有Tessof theD’Urbervilles(《德伯家的苔丝》)和Judethe Obscure(《无名的裘
德》)。
15 、 单选题( ) is the defining properties of units like number， gender， case.
A ： Parts of speech
B ： Word classes
C ： Grammatical categories
D ： Functions of words
正确答案： C
解析：
考查语义知识。Category(范畴)includes the grammatical categories，such as number，
gender，tense，mood，case etc.
16 、 单选题
Among the following poets， who is NOT a lake poet？( )
A ： Samuel Taylor Coleridge
B ： Robert Southey
C ： William Wordsworth
D ： William Colins
正确答案： D
解析：
考查英国文学流派。威廉·柯林斯(William Collins)不是“湖畔派诗人”(Lake Poet)。
17 、 单选题
The Catcher in the Rye is written by( )
A ： J.D.Salinger
B ： Jack London
C ： Flannery O′Connor
D ： Saul Bellow
正确答案： A
解析：
美国文学。The Catcher in the Rye（《麦田里的守望者》）是美国20世纪著名作
家J．D.Salinger(1919-2010)的名著。
18 、 单选题
( ) is commonly considered to be the beginning of English literature and is the oldest
surviving epic in English literature.A ： Beowulf
B ： The Canterbury Tales
C ： Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
D ： The Fates of the Apostles
正确答案： A
解析：
考查英国文学。被称作英国文学开端的作品是Beowulf《贝奥武甫》，也是英国文学保
存下来的最古老的史诗。
19 、 单选题
The captain and his crews depended on the( )of navigation- the compass for
orientation.
A ： instrument
B ： device
C ： appliance
D ： equipment
正确答案： A
解析：
考查名词辨析。船长和他的船员们依靠航海仪器——指南针来确定方向。
20 、 单选题
Henry Fielding′s ( )indicates the genre of novel has got to the mature period.
A ： Joseph Andrews
B ： Jonathan Wild
C ： The History of Tom Jones， a Foundling
D ： Amelia
正确答案： C
解析：
考查英国文学人物及其代表作。亨利·菲尔丁的《汤姆·琼斯》被认为是18世纪英国现实
主义小说的最高成就。
21 、 单选题
In an effort to( )culture shocks，I think it is necessary to know something about the
nature of culture.A ： get off
B ： get by
C ： get through
D ： get over
正确答案： D
解析：
考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了克服文化冲击，我认为有必要了解一下文化的本质。get
off“下(车)；脱下”，get by“通过；勉强过活”，get through“完成；熬过；接通电
话”，getover“克服；( 从不快或疾病中)恢复过来”。
22 、 单选题
( ) is often described as “father of modem linguistics”.
A ： Saussure
B ： Chomsky
C ： Bloomfield
D ： Halliday
正确答案： A
解析：
语言学家概况。该题考查谁被称为“现代语言学之父”，答案是Saussure(索绪尔)。
23 、 单选题
He copied other people’s ideas in writing his new book，which is a kind of
copywrite( )
A ： offence
B ： violation
C ： crime
D ： sin
正确答案： B
解析：
考查名词辨析。他在写新书的时候剽窃了别人的想法，这是一种抄袭行为。
24 、 单选题
The UN put the( )forward so as to better cope with the tense situation in the Middle
East.A ： conference
B ： summit
C ： rally
D ： seminar
正确答案： A
解析：
考查名词辨析。联合国提前召开会议，以便更好地应对中东地区的紧张局势。
25 、 单选题
Which of the following doesn′t belong to the Cooperative Principle？( )
A ： The generosity maxim
B ： The maxim of quality
C ： The maxim of relation
D ： The maxim of manner
正确答案： A
解析：
考查语用学知识。“合作原则”的准则包括the maxim of quantity(数量准则)、the
maxim of quality(质量准则)、the maxim of relation(关联准则)和the maxim of
manner(方式准则)。A项“宽容准则”是“礼貌原则”的六大准则之一。
26 、 单选题
Industrialization of sofware trade leads to the production of software( ).
A ： elements
B ： sections
C ： components
D ： factors
正确答案： C
解析：
考查名词辨析。软件贸易的产业化催生了软件零部件的生产。
27 、 单选题
My grandparents always enjoy the( )of their relatives.
A ： company
B ： companionC ： accompaniment
D ： compassion
正确答案： A
解析：
考查名词辨析。句意：我的祖父母总是很享受有亲人陪伴的时光。company为抽象名词，
表示“陪伴，作伴”；companion为具体名词，表示“同伴，伴侣；陪护(通常受雇照料
老人或病人)”；accompaniment“伴随；伴奏”；compassion“同情，怜悯”。此处
表示享受“亲人的陪伴”，不是享受“陪护或同伴”。
28 、 单选题
The“first Americans”are( )
A ： the Aborigines
B ： the Maori
C ： the Indians
D ： the Eskimos
正确答案： C
解析：
考查美国历史。印第安人(Indians)是对除因纽特人外的所有美洲土著的统称，并非一个
民族或种族。印第安人分布在当今美洲各国。美国的土著居民是印第安人。the
Aborigines意思是“土著居民”，不属于任何群体；B项毛利人( Maori )是新西兰的土著，
于公元十三世纪从东部属波利尼西亚的岛屿抵达新西兰；D项爱斯基摩人( Eskimo )生活
在北极地区，又称因纽特人，分布在从西伯利亚、阿拉斯加到格陵兰的北极圈内外，分
别居住在格陵兰、美国、加拿大和俄罗斯。
29 、 单选题
The answers to the problem，the scientists say，is to build up the immune
system，which not only will give greater( )to disease but will boost cellular
regeneration and improve the skin.
A ： persistence
B ： insistence
C ： resistance
D ： instance
正确答案： C
解析：
考查名词辨析。persistence 表示“(面对困难的)坚持，(事物)持续存在的状
态”，insistence表示“坚决要求，固执(从而反对任何借口)”，resistance 通常指“(不
喜欢或者对计划、主意等的)抵制，抗拒；(对某种疾病的)抵抗力，免疫力”，instance意为“例子，事例”。此处所填名词是和immune system相对应的，所以应该
是resistance to disease。故本题选C。句意：科学家们说，解决这个问题的办法是建立
免疫系统，这不仅能更好地抵抗疾病，而且还会促进细胞再生和改善皮肤状态。
30 、 单选题
There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take，( )they can limit
how much water you drink.
A ： much more than
B ： no more than
C ： no less than
D ： any more than
正确答案： D
解析：
考查比较结构。A项意为“比...多得多”；B项意为“和……一样不，仅仅”；C项意
为“多达”；D项no...more than意为“两者都不”，其强调形式为not...any more than。
由于前一句已有否定词no，因此D项正确。故本题选D。句意：正如他们无权限制人们
喝多少水一样，他们也没有理由限制人们摄入多少维生素。
31 、 单选题
Which of the following is NOT a “case” in English？
A ： Nominative
B ： Accusative
C ： Genitive
D ： Vocative
正确答案： D
解析：
语言学基本知识。本题考查句法学中case(格)这个概念。英语中，只有nominative(主格)、
accusative(宾格)和genitive(属格)，没有vocative(呼格)。
32 、 单选题
The path in the park looked beautiful，( )with( )leaves.
A ： covered；falling
B ： covered；fallen
C ： covering；falling
D ： covering；fallen正确答案： B
解析：
考查非谓语动词。动词cover的逻辑主语为The path，二者为动宾关系，即The path is
covered with ...故第一个空填covered，排除C、D两项。falling 表主动、进行或原因、
条件等，fallen 表被动或完成状态。通过分析可知，覆盖在小路上的应为“已经掉落的
叶子”，故fallen更符合句意。故本题选B。句意：公园里的小路看起来很漂亮，满是落
叶。
33 、 单选题
When did the Australian Constitution take effect？( )
A ： 1 January，1900
B ： 1 January，1901
C ： 26 January，1801
D ： 26 January，1800
正确答案： B
解析：
考查澳大利亚宪法。澳大利亚宪法生效的时间为1901年1月1日，其余选项均不正确。
34 、 单选题
Price of the houses( )according to the positions and surrounding environment.
A ： converts
B ： alters
C ： varies
D ： transforms
正确答案： C
解析：
考查动词辨析。房屋价格因其所在地及周围环境而不同。
35 、 单选题
My watch fell down on the ground and there was a hairline crack in the( )of dial plate.
A ： frontier
B ： boundary
C ： limit
D ： rim正确答案： D
解析：
考查名词辨析。我的手表掉在地上，表盘边缘有一道细缝。
36 、 单选题
We( )the radio signals for help from the ship.
A ： pick up
B ： pick at
C ： pick off
D ： pick out
正确答案： A
解析：
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们收到船上的无线电求救信号。pickup“接收(信号或声
音)；学会；获得；开车接送”，pick at “挑毛病，指责”，pick off“摘下；选择(目标)
射击”，pick out“挑选；辨认出”。根据radio signals (无线电信号)可知，答案为A。
37 、 单选题
“Hen”is called“母鸡” in Chinese and“poule” in French.What design feature of
language is reflected ( ) in the example？
A ： Displacement
B ： Cultural transmission
C ： Duality
D ： Arbitrariness
正确答案： D
解析：
考查语言的识别性特征。Displacement(位移性)是指语言可以让使用者在说话时(时间和
处所)指代并不存在的物体和事件以及表达观点。Cultural transmission(文化传递性)指
语言不是靠遗传，而是靠教与学，由人们接触的文化代代传递的。Duality(双重性)指底
层有限的语音结构是上层词、句和语篇结构的组成部分，每层都有自身的组合规则，使
语言拥有强大的能产性。Arbitrariness(任意性)指符号的形式或声音与意义间没有理据或
逻辑关系。Hen在不同的语言中有不同的表现形式，且与意义间没有理据，故这个例子
体现了语言的“任意性”特点。
38 、 单选题
Which of the following words is made up of bound morphemes only？( )
A ： HappinessB ： Television
C ： Ecology
D ： Teacher
正确答案： C
解析：
考查黏着语素。题干为：四个选项中哪个单词只是由黏着语素bound morphemes构成
的。happiness是由happy和-ness构成，television是由tele-和vision两部分构
成，teacher是由teach和-er构成。前面三个单词都有自由词素happy，vision和teach，
只有ecology是由eco-和-logy两个黏着语素组成的，因为它们无法单独使用。
39 、 单选题
Of the fifty states，the smallest state in America is( )
A ： Rhode Island
B ： Virginia
C ： Texas
D ： Montana
正确答案： A
解析：
考查美国所属州。美国由50个州和一个联邦特区以及外海领地组成，其中涉及各州的面
积，面积最小的是罗得岛，最大的是阿拉斯加州。B项“弗吉尼亚”，C项“得克萨斯
州”和D项“蒙大拿州”均不符合题意。
40 、 单选题
The scents of the flowers were( )to us by the breeze.
A ： intercepted
B ： detested
C ： saturated
D ： wafted
正确答案： D
解析：
考查动词辨析。句意：花香随风飘向我们。intercept “拦截，截断；窃听”，detest
“憎恶，痛恨”，saturate“浸透，使湿透；使饱和”，waft“使(在空气中)飘荡；(风)
吹拂”。根据breeze (微风)可知，答案为D。
41 、 单选题The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American ( )”
A ： economy
B ： democracy
C ： society
D ： politics
正确答案： A
解析：
美国历史。题目考查罗斯福总统实施“新政”的目的。1929-1933年，美国遭遇了经济
大萧条(TheGreat Expression)，1932年罗斯福当选总统后实施“新政”，目的就是为了
拯救美国的经济。
42 、 单选题
They gave each other a big hug with( )，since they haven’t seen each other for 15
years.
A ： passion
B ： sensation
C ： sentiment
D ： emotion
正确答案： D
解析：
考查名词辨析。15年没见面了，他们深情地拥抱了一下。
43 、 单选题
( ) is a relationship in which a word of a certain class determines the form of others in
terms of certain categories.
A ： Concord
B ： Immediate constituent
C ： Syntagmatic relations
D ： Government
正确答案： D
解析：
考查语义知识。Government(支配关系)is a relationship in which a word of a certain
class determines the form of others in terms of certain categories，44 、 单选题
I just wonder( )that makes him so excited.
A ： why it does
B ： what he does
C ： how it is
D ： what it is
正确答案： D
解析：
考查强调句型。本题题干相当于I just wonder what makes him so excited.的意义，所
以该题实际上为强调句型的特殊疑问句式。what 为宾语从句的连接词，且在从句中作主
语。故本题选D。句意：我想知道什么使他如此兴奋。
45 、 单选题
Don Juan was written by ( )
A ： Percy Bysshe Shelley
B ： John Keats
C ： George Gordon Byron
D ： William Wordsworth
正确答案： C
解析：
英国文学之作家作品。Don Juan，中文名为《唐?璜》，是英国浪漫主义诗人拜伦所写
的长诗。
46 、 单选题
( ) is NOT included in the modernist group
A ： Oscar Wilde
B ： Virginia Woolf
C ： William Butler Yeats
D ： T.S.Eliot
正确答案： A
解析：
考查英国主要流派及代表人物。A项奥斯卡·王尔德是维多利亚时期最主要的作家与艺术
家之一，是19世纪80年代美学运动的主力和90年代颓废派运动的先驱。B项伍尔夫是意
识流派的代表人物，被誉为20世纪现代主义与女性主义的先锋。C项叶芝是爱尔兰诗人、剧作家和散文家，早年的创作具有浪漫主义的华丽风格。D项艾略特是20世纪美国现代
主义流派的诗人，代表作为The Waste Land《荒原》。B、C、D三项均为现代主义流派
的代表人物
47 、 单选题
( ) is regarded as the “father of free verse” .
A ： Walt Whitman
B ： Emily Dickinson
C ： David Thoreau
D ： Beecher Stowe
正确答案： A
解析：
考查美国文学常识。惠特曼创造了诗歌的自由体( Free Verse)，因此被称为“自由诗之
父”。
48 、 单选题
The social workers tried to( )the juvenile delinquents.
A ： quarantine
B ： muddle
C ： rehabilitate
D ： indent
正确答案： C
解析：
考查动词辨析。句意：社会工作者试图帮助少年犯改过自新。quarantine “检疫；隔
离”，muddle“混乱；困惑”，rehabilitate“使(刑满释放者)恢复正常生活；使(重病
患者)康复”，indent“订货；(书写时)将首行缩进”。根据juvenile delinquents (少年
犯)可知，答案为C
49 、 单选题
With( )and fashionable elements，Beijing attracts a large number of young people
every year.
A ： original
B ： modem
C ： novel
D ： innovative正确答案： B
解析：
考查形容词辨析。A项指“原创的”，B项指“现代的”，C项指“新奇的”，D项
指“创新的”。将四个选项代入向中可知，B项符合句意。故本题选B。句意：北京充满
了现代和时尚元素，每年都吸引着大批年轻人。
50 、 单选题
The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries ( )
A ： that speak English as their native language
B ： that have a large number of British immigrants
C ： that were once colonies of Britain
D ： that fought on the side of Britain in the two world wars
正确答案： C
解析：
考查英国政治。英联邦(Commonwealth of Nations )是一个国际组织，由53个独立主权
国家(包括属地)组成，成员大多为前英国殖民地或者保护国。英联邦元首同时身兼包括
英国在内的16个英联邦王国名义上的元首，此16国构成了一个现代版的共主邦联，然而
英联邦元首并无实权，英国君主无权干涉各成员国内政。
51 、 单选题
Which of the following is a blending word？
A ： lengthen
B ： nylon
C ： edit
D ： smog
正确答案： D
解析：
语言学概念的实例分析。询问哪一个是blending word(混成词)，就是将两个单词各取一
部分结合起来所构成的一种合成词。D中的smog就是由smoke和fog构成的。
52 、 单选题
Of the following writers，( )is NOT a Nobel Prize Winner.
A ： Samuel Beckett
B ： James Joyce
C ： John GalsworthyD ： William Butler Yeats
正确答案： B
解析：
考查英国文学知识。A、C、D三项中的作家均曾获得诺贝尔文学奖。
53 、 单选题
Which of the following pairs is not a minimal pair？( )
A ： /sip//zip/
B ： /fi：l//li：f/
C ： /keit//feit/
D ： /sai//sei/
正确答案： B
解析：
考查语音学。根据最小对立体的定义，如果有两个词，它们除了出现在同一位置上的一
个音外，其余音都一样，那么这两个词就构成了一个最小对立体。
54 、 单选题
The Midwest is America′s most important ( ) area.
A ： agricultural
B ： industrial
C ： manufacturing
D ： mining industry
正确答案： A
解析：
美国地理。题目考查美国Midwest(中西部)的主要产业，答案是农业。
55 、 单选题
Sister Carrie is a masterpiece of ( )work.
A ： romantic
B ： classic
C ： neoclassic
D ： naturalistic
正确答案： D解析：
考查美国作家及其代表作。《嘉莉妹妹》是自然主义中最伟大的作品。
56 、 单选题
The capital city of Canada is( )
A ： Montreal
B ： Toronto
C ： Vancouver
D ： Ottawa
正确答案： D
解析：
考查加拿大区域划分。加拿大首都为渥太华。
57 、 单选题
Among the following， ( ) is NOT one of the functions of adult′s language according
to Halliday.
A ： the Ideational Function
B ： the Syntactic Function
C ： the Interpersonal Function
D ： the Textual Function
正确答案： B
解析：
语言学基本知识。询问哪一项不属于Halliday所定义的语言的功能。Halliday
是Systematic-functionalGrammar(系统功能语法)的创始人。根据他的理论，语言有三
个功能，即Ideational Function(概念功能)、Interpersonal Function(交际功能)和Textual
Function(文本功能)。
58 、 单选题
The computer center，( )last year，is very popular among the students in this school.
A ： open
B ： opening
C ： having opened
D ： opened
正确答案： D解析：
考查非谓语动词。通过分析句子结构可知，句子主干为The computer center is very
popularAmong...，因此括号处的部分为非谓语结构，排除A项。B项表主动或进行，C项
表完成，D项表被动或过去。根据题意，计算机中心是去年开放的，应表过去。故本题
选D。句意：去年开放的计算机中心在这所学校的学生中很受欢迎。
59 、 单选题
( ) was honored as“the Father of English Poetry
A ： William Langland
B ： Sir Thomas Marlory
C ： Geoffrey Chaucer
D ： Bede
正确答案： C
解析：
考查英国文学。杰弗里·乔叟被誉为“英国诗歌之父”。
60 、 单选题
I don’t think it advisable that Tim( )to the job since he has no experience.
A ： is assigned
B ： will be assigned
C ： be assigned
D ： has been assigned
正确答案： C
解析：
考查虚拟语气。在It is advisable/important ...that ...的句型中，that 引导的主语从句中
的谓语应用虚拟语气，形式为“(should) +动词原形”，should 可省略。故本题选C。句
意：我认为指派蒂姆做这项工作是不明智的，因为他没有经验。
61 、 不定项选择题
Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new
ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no
doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a
man’s work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with
new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic
materials allow one to look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed
on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting
was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding andintervening space becomes as important as form itself.
More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but
no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers,
discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in
their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that
dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they
banished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream
experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The
Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping
forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences.
For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional
message of expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas: they went
beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.
There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary
life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios
have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a
one-way street. Painters and sculptors, through admittedly influenced by modern
science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up has been a vital part of
their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite the contrary:
it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more
thoroughly, to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of lire that
earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple
experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.
Which of the following is tree about Surrealists?
A ： They diminished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine
disconnected dream experiences.
B ： They tried to express their subconscious world.
C ： They could transform real existence into incoherent dreams.
D ： They wanted to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images.
正确答案： B
解析：
本题是关于Surrealists的，可以在第二段找到相关内容。B项“他们试图表达他们的潜意
识世界”，subconscious（潜意识）与文中的unconscious（无意识）相近，符合题意。
A项diminish（减少）与原文中的banish（排除）意思不符。C项“可以将现实存在转换
成不连贯的梦境”，与原文中的第二段第三句不一致。D项意思是“他们想用直接的表
达方式取代片断性的想象”，与文意完全相反。
62 、 不定项选择题
Film has properties that set it apart from painting, sculpture, novels, and plays. It is
also, in its most popular and powerful form, a story telling medium that shares many
elements with the short story and the novel. And since film presents its stories in
dramatic form, it has even more in common with the stage play: Both plays and
movies act out or dramatize, show rather than tell, what happens.Unlike the novel, short story, or play, however, film is not handy to study; it
cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are
relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly
more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed,
and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can conjure
up at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have been watching a
performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends
greatly on visual and other nonvisual elements that are not easily expressed in
writing. The screenplay requires so much “filling in” by our imagination that we
cannot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and
reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most
screenplays are published not to read but rather to be remembered.
Still, film should not be ignored because studying it requires extra effort. And the
fact that we do not generally “read” films does not mean we should ignore the
principles of literary or dramatic analysis when we see a film. Literature and films do
share many elements and communicate many things in similar ways. Perceptive film
analysis rests on the principles used in literary analysis, and if we apply what we have
learned in the study of literature to our analysis of films, we will be far ahead of those
who do not. Therefore, before we turn to the unique elements of film, we need to
look into the elements that film shares with any good story.
Dividing film into its various elements for analysis is a somewhat artificial
process, for the elements of any art form never exist in isolation. It is impossible, for
example, to isolate plot from character: Events influence people, and people
influence events; the two are always closely interwoven in any fictional, dramatic, or
cinematic work. Nevertheless, the analytical method uses such a fragmenting
technique for ease and convenience. But it does so with the assumption that we can
study these elements in isolation without losing sight of their interdependence or
their relationship to the whole.
What is mainly discussed in the text?
A ： The uniqueness of film.
B ： The importance of film analysis.
C ： How to identify the techniques a film uses.
D ： The relationship between film analysis and literary analysis.
正确答案： D
解析：
文章主要是将电影和文学作品进行了比较，论述了它们之间的关系。文章的第一段第二
句也表明，电影是用银幕作为讲述故事的媒介，它和短篇故事及小说有着某些相似性。
63 、 不定项选择题
About a dozen years ago my wife and I planted a hedge of twenty-seven arborvitae
trees along the border of our backyard, which, although our house sits on nineteen
acres of fields and woods, is also the back border of our property. A sloping hayfield
with a realtor’s dream of panoramic views lies directly behind us. So the hedge wasour attempt to secure privacy for the future. The nurseryman who sold us the shrubs
assured us they were the best species for our purpose and climate. I measured and
marked the planting sites, called in “Chink” Norris (whose possibly racist nickname
I’ve not looked into any more than I have the nurseryman’s credentials) to come
with his small backhoe and dig the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and
fertilized each tree throughout the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and
fertilized each tree throughout the first year, with results that were everything I’d
been promised: dense, hardy, and luxuriant, a towering bulwark of green. Thus
began an episode of great vexation and buffoonery in my life, known and (I have no
doubt) merrily recounted in local circles as the tale of “Garret and his trees”, or as
my wife puts it, “Garret and the deer.” It so happens that we live next to one of the
county’s most extensive “deer yard”, those areas of canopied woods to which the
deer retire in winter, making networks of deeply furrowed tracks and foraging as best
they can until there’s a declared winner in the yearly race between spring and
starvation.
It also happens that deer find arborvitae a delicacy, related to the cedar that they
also love, but thicker and more succulent. By the second winter they’d found and
attacked my trees. I fought back, not with a vengeance—I stopped short of that—but
with something close to obsession. I erected fence structures that made our
backyard look like a scene from the Somme. I played recordings of wolves howling,
recordings of me howling. I fired pistol shots at random hours of the night. I hung or
sprinkled repellents of blood meal, urine, (mine), and deodorant soap. Hearing that
deer were repelled by the scent of human hair, I asked some hair dressers to set
aside their sweepings in a bag with, as the saying goes, my name on it.
As any warden will tell you, if deer are hungry enough they will get through
anything, which this year included an electric fence hooked to a charger supposedly
powerful enough to deter an elephant. So the farmer who’d helped me rig it up
assured me. What he did not tell me, because he did not know, was that the
insulating snowpack would prevent an animal from completing the circuit with the
ground. In came the deer like a school of piranhas. This was shortly after a man from
Connecticut purchased the hayfield behind our house for a price few of my neighbors
could afforded and none of them could believe and set about measuring the
foundations of a house.
The author collects hair in bags to prevent the invasion of deer because he knows
that _____.
A ： deer like the smell of human hair
B ： deer can be repelled by the smell of human hair
C ： deer die when eating human hair
D ： deer flee at the sight of human hair
正确答案： B
解析：
文章第二段主要写到了冬天鹿群回来吃食作者种的数的枝叶，为了赶走鹿群，作者想了
许多办法。此段最后一句话写到“Hearing that deer were repelled by the scent of
human hair, I asked some hair dressers to set aside their sweepings in a bag…”由此
可见，鹿群讨厌人类头发的气味，B正确。64 、 不定项选择题
The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a
generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken
on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning,
however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public
documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to
learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional
languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.
The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a
resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last
month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National
Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind
devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the
United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had
bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster,
implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the
club—Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales—a bigger say and to counter centrifugal
forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.
The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted
overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by
less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were
proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or
the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact
laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many
people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow
with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings
that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style
waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European
Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western
Europe—only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.
Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and
women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard
Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and
Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue.
And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of
compatriots”, is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol
since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere—on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell
phone covers.
“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-
class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer
night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an
industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod,
Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the
sounds of new Welsh bands.
“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan
continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-
speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his
generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago.
“We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’schanging.”
The word “centrifugal” in the second paragraph means _____.
A ： separatist
B ： conventional
C ： feudal
D ： political
正确答案： A
解析：
推理题，这种centrifugal?forces是会威胁到团结这一理念，即威胁到各国之间统一与联
合的思想，因此本词表达的意思应与union相反，应含有“分裂的、不统一的”的意思，
因此选A项的separatist，意为“分离的”，符合题意。conventional传统的。feudal封
建的。centrifugal离心的。
65 、 不定项选择题
Film has properties that set it apart from painting, sculpture, novels, and plays. It is
also, in its most popular and powerful form, a story telling medium that shares many
elements with the short story and the novel. And since film presents its stories in
dramatic form, it has even more in common with the stage play: Both plays and
movies act out or dramatize, show rather than tell, what happens.
Unlike the novel, short story, or play, however, film is not handy to study; it
cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are
relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly
more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed,
and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can conjure
up at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have been watching a
performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends
greatly on visual and other nonvisual elements that are not easily expressed in
writing. The screenplay requires so much “filling in” by our imagination that we
cannot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and
reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most
screenplays are published not to read but rather to be remembered.
Still, film should not be ignored because studying it requires extra effort. And the
fact that we do not generally “read” films does not mean we should ignore the
principles of literary or dramatic analysis when we see a film. Literature and films do
share many elements and communicate many things in similar ways. Perceptive film
analysis rests on the principles used in literary analysis, and if we apply what we have
learned in the study of literature to our analysis of films, we will be far ahead of those
who do not. Therefore, before we turn to the unique elements of film, we need to
look into the elements that film shares with any good story.
Dividing film into its various elements for analysis is a somewhat artificial
process, for the elements of any art form never exist in isolation. It is impossible, for
example, to isolate plot from character: Events influence people, and people
influence events; the two are always closely interwoven in any fictional, dramatic, or
cinematic work. Nevertheless, the analytical method uses such a fragmentingtechnique for ease and convenience. But it does so with the assumption that we can
study these elements in isolation without losing sight of their interdependence or
their relationship to the whole.
Why is it not handy to study film?
A ： Because screenplay is not as well written as literary works.
B ： ecause a film cannot be effectively represented by a printed screenplay
C ： Because a film is too complicated.
D ： Because publishers prefer to publish literary works.
正确答案： B
解析：
第二段第一句明确表明，电影不易于研究，因为它无法写下来。而本段的第五句也提到，
电影是多种手段综合运用的产物，因此光看剧本是不够的，剧本无法完整的表现电影的
精髓。
66 、 不定项选择题
I was eight years old the first time I fainted. I was at friend’s house, and a bee stung
me on the back of the neck. I had felt nothing but a slight pinch and the bug was
soon wiped away and flushed down the toilet, but since I looked pale I was urged to
call my mother. As I told her what had happened, I felt myself blacking out, sinking to
the floor, vaguely aware that I was still gripping the receiver.
Perhaps I was allergic to the bee sting—the only one I’ve ever gotten, although
to this day I have a phobia about bees, wasps, and other insects. But the image of an
eight-year-old in Keds crumpling to the ground while he describes his injury to his
Mommy seems to return us to Freudian territory. Note the umbilical image of the
phone cord.
Call me fanciful. Still, I’m afraid these undertones are hardly dissipated by the
second fainting incident I can recall, which practically reeks of the family romance.
This took place one weekend morning while we were gathered in the kitchen to eat
breakfast. My mother stood at the stove making French toast, which she had already
served to the kids; my father, seated at the table, was cutting a bagel with a sharp
bread knife. Contrary to every principle of kitchen safety, he was holding the bagel in
his hand and cutting inward, and eventually he made a neat, shallow incision in his
palm. The blood was profuse.
Being a hematologist, my father didn’t panic: this was just business as usual.
But my mother stopped flipping French toast and collapsed to the floor. I, inspired by
the blood and my mother’s collapse and the powerful odors of syrup and sugar
rising from my plate, slumped forward. My forehead went into the syrup. I heard a
roar—it seemed to me that I was being clutched beneath the armpits and whirled
around—and then my father shook me back into consciousness. He had already
attended to my mother.
Still think I’m fanciful? Then listen to this. Out of curiosity I asked my mother
when her first fainting episode had occurred.
She paused, thought it over, and came up with the following. At the age ofthirteen, she went to visit her father in the hospital, who only the day before had had
his appendix removed. Aside from her father, still conked out from the anesthesia,
the other person in the room was a nurse, who was busy changing the dressing on
the patient’s incision, which hadn’t quite closed. For some reason, the nurse had
to leave the room. At this point, she asked my mother to hold the soiled dressing in
place until she returned. My mother complied. Standing over her dazed father,
gingerly holding a used bandage over a hole in his lower abdomen, the thirteen-year-
old grew lightheaded. I assumed the nurse returned before she hit the floor.
The faint related to the bee sting led to the author’s fear later in her life of _____.
A ： snakes
B ： elephants
C ： insects
D ： dogs
正确答案： C
解析：
文章第二段第一句话写到“…although to this day I have phobia about bees, wasps
and other insects.”由此可见，这次过敏事件让作者从此惧怕昆虫，C正确。
67 、 不定项选择题
About a dozen years ago my wife and I planted a hedge of twenty-seven arborvitae
trees along the border of our backyard, which, although our house sits on nineteen
acres of fields and woods, is also the back border of our property. A sloping hayfield
with a realtor’s dream of panoramic views lies directly behind us. So the hedge was
our attempt to secure privacy for the future. The nurseryman who sold us the shrubs
assured us they were the best species for our purpose and climate. I measured and
marked the planting sites, called in “Chink” Norris (whose possibly racist nickname
I’ve not looked into any more than I have the nurseryman’s credentials) to come
with his small backhoe and dig the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and
fertilized each tree throughout the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and
fertilized each tree throughout the first year, with results that were everything I’d
been promised: dense, hardy, and luxuriant, a towering bulwark of green. Thus
began an episode of great vexation and buffoonery in my life, known and (I have no
doubt) merrily recounted in local circles as the tale of “Garret and his trees”, or as
my wife puts it, “Garret and the deer.” It so happens that we live next to one of the
county’s most extensive “deer yard”, those areas of canopied woods to which the
deer retire in winter, making networks of deeply furrowed tracks and foraging as best
they can until there’s a declared winner in the yearly race between spring and
starvation.
It also happens that deer find arborvitae a delicacy, related to the cedar that they
also love, but thicker and more succulent. By the second winter they’d found and
attacked my trees. I fought back, not with a vengeance—I stopped short of that—but
with something close to obsession. I erected fence structures that made our
backyard look like a scene from the Somme. I played recordings of wolves howling,
recordings of me howling. I fired pistol shots at random hours of the night. I hung orsprinkled repellents of blood meal, urine, (mine), and deodorant soap. Hearing that
deer were repelled by the scent of human hair, I asked some hair dressers to set
aside their sweepings in a bag with, as the saying goes, my name on it.
As any warden will tell you, if deer are hungry enough they will get through
anything, which this year included an electric fence hooked to a charger supposedly
powerful enough to deter an elephant. So the farmer who’d helped me rig it up
assured me. What he did not tell me, because he did not know, was that the
insulating snowpack would prevent an animal from completing the circuit with the
ground. In came the deer like a school of piranhas. This was shortly after a man from
Connecticut purchased the hayfield behind our house for a price few of my neighbors
could afforded and none of them could believe and set about measuring the
foundations of a house.
Why did the electric fence fail? It is because of _____.
A ： The deer are smart
B ： The winter is cold
C ： The fence is of low quality
D ： Snowpack serves as an insulator
正确答案： D
解析：
文章第三段第三句话写到“…was that the insulating snowpack would prevent an
animal from completing the circuit with the ground.”由此可见，由于积雪场绝缘，这
样可以防止动物接触到地上的电路，D正确。
68 、 不定项选择题
About a dozen years ago my wife and I planted a hedge of twenty-seven arborvitae
trees along the border of our backyard, which, although our house sits on nineteen
acres of fields and woods, is also the back border of our property. A sloping hayfield
with a realtor’s dream of panoramic views lies directly behind us. So the hedge was
our attempt to secure privacy for the future. The nurseryman who sold us the shrubs
assured us they were the best species for our purpose and climate. I measured and
marked the planting sites, called in “Chink” Norris (whose possibly racist nickname
I’ve not looked into any more than I have the nurseryman’s credentials) to come
with his small backhoe and dig the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and
fertilized each tree throughout the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and
fertilized each tree throughout the first year, with results that were everything I’d
been promised: dense, hardy, and luxuriant, a towering bulwark of green. Thus
began an episode of great vexation and buffoonery in my life, known and (I have no
doubt) merrily recounted in local circles as the tale of “Garret and his trees”, or as
my wife puts it, “Garret and the deer.” It so happens that we live next to one of the
county’s most extensive “deer yard”, those areas of canopied woods to which the
deer retire in winter, making networks of deeply furrowed tracks and foraging as best
they can until there’s a declared winner in the yearly race between spring and
starvation.
It also happens that deer find arborvitae a delicacy, related to the cedar that theyalso love, but thicker and more succulent. By the second winter they’d found and
attacked my trees. I fought back, not with a vengeance—I stopped short of that—but
with something close to obsession. I erected fence structures that made our
backyard look like a scene from the Somme. I played recordings of wolves howling,
recordings of me howling. I fired pistol shots at random hours of the night. I hung or
sprinkled repellents of blood meal, urine, (mine), and deodorant soap. Hearing that
deer were repelled by the scent of human hair, I asked some hair dressers to set
aside their sweepings in a bag with, as the saying goes, my name on it.
As any warden will tell you, if deer are hungry enough they will get through
anything, which this year included an electric fence hooked to a charger supposedly
powerful enough to deter an elephant. So the farmer who’d helped me rig it up
assured me. What he did not tell me, because he did not know, was that the
insulating snowpack would prevent an animal from completing the circuit with the
ground. In came the deer like a school of piranhas. This was shortly after a man from
Connecticut purchased the hayfield behind our house for a price few of my neighbors
could afforded and none of them could believe and set about measuring the
foundations of a house.
The author and his wife planted a hedge along their backyard for the purpose of
_____.
A ： prevent deer
B ： protect privacy
C ： beautify the surroundings
D ： eco-friendly
正确答案： B
解析：
文章第一段第三句话写到“So the hedge was our attempt to secure privacy for the
future,”由此可见，作者和他的妻子修建树篱是为了保护隐私，B正确。
69 、 不定项选择题
Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new
ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no
doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a
man’s work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with
new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic
materials allow one to look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed
on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting
was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and
intervening space becomes as important as form itself.
More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but
no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers,
discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in
their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that
dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they
banished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dreamexperiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The
Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping
forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences.
For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional
message of expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas: they went
beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.
There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary
life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios
have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a
one-way street. Painters and sculptors, through admittedly influenced by modern
science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up has been a vital part of
their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite the contrary:
it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more
thoroughly, to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of lire that
earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple
experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.
The sentence “But this has rarely been a one-way street.” in the last paragraph
means that _____.
A ： contemporary art has been nourished by modern science
B ： modern science has been nourished by art
C ： artists can become scientists and scientists can become artists
D ： the impacts of modern art and science are actually mutual
正确答案： D
解析：
此题考查的是对句意的理解。这句话的意思是“但这几乎从来就不是单行道”。联系上
下文可知，这句话是说明科学与艺术之间的影响是相互的，不是单方面的。D项
的mutual一词意思是“相互的”，正确表达了句意，故选D。A项和B项的说法不全
面。C项意思是艺术家可以成为科学家，科学家也可以成为艺术家，理解错误。
70 、 不定项选择题
Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new
ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no
doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a
man’s work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with
new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic
materials allow one to look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed
on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting
was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and
intervening space becomes as important as form itself.
More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but
no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers,
discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in
their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed thatdreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they
banished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream
experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The
Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping
forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences.
For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional
message of expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas: they went
beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.
There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary
life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios
have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a
one-way street. Painters and sculptors, through admittedly influenced by modern
science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up has been a vital part of
their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite the contrary:
it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more
thoroughly, to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of lire that
earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple
experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.
According to the passage, it is true that _____.
A ： artistic creations seem to be the reproductions of modern technology
B ： artistic creations have made great strides scientifically
C ： artistic creations appear to be incapable of ignoring material advances
D ： artistic creations are the reflection of the material world
正确答案： C
解析：
文章主要是讲现代科技中新材料的出现和原有材料的新方法的运用对艺术创造的影
响。A项reproductions of modern technology（现代技术的复制品）过于广泛，不合原
文。B项文中没有提及。D项the material world（物质世界）过于广泛，不合原文。C项
科技进步和艺术创造之间有很大的联系，符合题意。
71 、 不定项选择题
I was eight years old the first time I fainted. I was at friend’s house, and a bee stung
me on the back of the neck. I had felt nothing but a slight pinch and the bug was
soon wiped away and flushed down the toilet, but since I looked pale I was urged to
call my mother. As I told her what had happened, I felt myself blacking out, sinking to
the floor, vaguely aware that I was still gripping the receiver.
Perhaps I was allergic to the bee sting—the only one I’ve ever gotten, although
to this day I have a phobia about bees, wasps, and other insects. But the image of an
eight-year-old in Keds crumpling to the ground while he describes his injury to his
Mommy seems to return us to Freudian territory. Note the umbilical image of the
phone cord.
Call me fanciful. Still, I’m afraid these undertones are hardly dissipated by the
second fainting incident I can recall, which practically reeks of the family romance.This took place one weekend morning while we were gathered in the kitchen to eat
breakfast. My mother stood at the stove making French toast, which she had already
served to the kids; my father, seated at the table, was cutting a bagel with a sharp
bread knife. Contrary to every principle of kitchen safety, he was holding the bagel in
his hand and cutting inward, and eventually he made a neat, shallow incision in his
palm. The blood was profuse.
Being a hematologist, my father didn’t panic: this was just business as usual.
But my mother stopped flipping French toast and collapsed to the floor. I, inspired by
the blood and my mother’s collapse and the powerful odors of syrup and sugar
rising from my plate, slumped forward. My forehead went into the syrup. I heard a
roar—it seemed to me that I was being clutched beneath the armpits and whirled
around—and then my father shook me back into consciousness. He had already
attended to my mother.
Still think I’m fanciful? Then listen to this. Out of curiosity I asked my mother
when her first fainting episode had occurred.
She paused, thought it over, and came up with the following. At the age of
thirteen, she went to visit her father in the hospital, who only the day before had had
his appendix removed. Aside from her father, still conked out from the anesthesia,
the other person in the room was a nurse, who was busy changing the dressing on
the patient’s incision, which hadn’t quite closed. For some reason, the nurse had
to leave the room. At this point, she asked my mother to hold the soiled dressing in
place until she returned. My mother complied. Standing over her dazed father,
gingerly holding a used bandage over a hole in his lower abdomen, the thirteen-year-
old grew lightheaded. I assumed the nurse returned before she hit the floor.
It can be gathered from this article that the tendency to faint most probably is _____.
A ： genetically determined
B ： independently developed
C ： virus infected
D ： emotionally affected
正确答案： A
解析：
文章主要介绍了作者对昆虫过敏以及晕血的事情，不光从自身的角度来描写了这一事实，
还举例说明了自己的母亲在青少年时期的一次晕血经历，从家庭遗传上来描写这一症状
是可以遗传的。A正确。
72 、 不定项选择题
Film has properties that set it apart from painting, sculpture, novels, and plays. It is
also, in its most popular and powerful form, a story telling medium that shares many
elements with the short story and the novel. And since film presents its stories in
dramatic form, it has even more in common with the stage play: Both plays and
movies act out or dramatize, show rather than tell, what happens.
Unlike the novel, short story, or play, however, film is not handy to study; it
cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are
relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightlymore difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed,
and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can conjure
up at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have been watching a
performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends
greatly on visual and other nonvisual elements that are not easily expressed in
writing. The screenplay requires so much “filling in” by our imagination that we
cannot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and
reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most
screenplays are published not to read but rather to be remembered.
Still, film should not be ignored because studying it requires extra effort. And the
fact that we do not generally “read” films does not mean we should ignore the
principles of literary or dramatic analysis when we see a film. Literature and films do
share many elements and communicate many things in similar ways. Perceptive film
analysis rests on the principles used in literary analysis, and if we apply what we have
learned in the study of literature to our analysis of films, we will be far ahead of those
who do not. Therefore, before we turn to the unique elements of film, we need to
look into the elements that film shares with any good story.
Dividing film into its various elements for analysis is a somewhat artificial
process, for the elements of any art form never exist in isolation. It is impossible, for
example, to isolate plot from character: Events influence people, and people
influence events; the two are always closely interwoven in any fictional, dramatic, or
cinematic work. Nevertheless, the analytical method uses such a fragmenting
technique for ease and convenience. But it does so with the assumption that we can
study these elements in isolation without losing sight of their interdependence or
their relationship to the whole.
From the third paragraph we learn that _____.
A ： the means by which we analyze a literary work cannot be applied to film analysis
B ： a good film and a good story have many elements in common
C ： we should not pay extra effort to study films
D ： using the principles of literary analysis makes no difference in film analysis
正确答案： B
解析：
第三段第三句：Literature and films do share many elements and communicate many
things in similar ways明确表明，电影和文学作品有很多共同点，文学作品的分析方法
对电影分析也有一定的帮助。
73 、 不定项选择题
When we consider great painters of the past, the study of art and the study of illusion
cannot always be separated. By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, line,
shape, and forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-
dimensional objects in space. I must emphasize that I am not making a plea,
disguised or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although
I am, in fact rather critical of certain theories of non-representational art. But toargue over these theories would be to miss the point. That the discoveries and effects
of representation that were the pride of earlier artists have become trivial today I
would not deny for a moment. Yet I believe that we are in real danger of losing
contact with past masters if we accept the fashionable doctrine that such matters
never had anything to do with art. The very reason why the representation of nature
can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to
art historians. Never before has there been an age when the visual image was so
cheap in every sense of the word. We are surrounded and assailed by posters and
advertisements, comics and magazine illustrations. We see aspects of reality
represented on television, postage stamps, and food packages. Painting is taught in
school and practiced as a pastime, and many modest amateurs have mastered tricks
that would have looked like sheer magic to the 14th?century painter Giotto. Even the
crude colored renderings on a cereal box might have made Giotto’s contemporaries
gasp. Perhaps there are people who concluded from this that the cereal box is
superior to a Giotto; I do not. But I think that the victory and vulgarization of
representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics. In this
connection it is instructive to remember the Greek saying that to marvel is the
beginning of knowledge and if we cease to marvel we may be in danger of ceasing to
know. I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by
forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual reality we call
“pictures.” Even comics and advertisements, rightly viewed, provide food for
thought. Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of the
language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by
inquiry into the “linguistics” of the visual image. The way the language of art refers
to the visible world is both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largely
unknown except to artists who use it as we use all language—without needing to
know its grammar and semantics.
The passage asserts which of the following about commercial art?
A ： There are many examples of commercial art whose artistic merit is equal to that
of great works of art of the past.
B ： Commercial art is heavily influenced by whatever doctrines are fashionable in
the serious art world of the time.
C ： The line between commercial art and great art lies primarily in how an image is
used, not in the motivation for its creation.
D ： The pervasiveness of contemporary commercial art has led art historians to
undervalue representational skills.
正确答案： D
解析：
文中：But I think that the victory…we may be in danger of ceasing to know.作者认为
商业广告的推行和通俗化给艺术历史学家和评论家们造成了一定的难题，即他们会低估
这种具象技能。
74 、 不定项选择题
I was eight years old the first time I fainted. I was at friend’s house, and a bee stung
me on the back of the neck. I had felt nothing but a slight pinch and the bug wassoon wiped away and flushed down the toilet, but since I looked pale I was urged to
call my mother. As I told her what had happened, I felt myself blacking out, sinking to
the floor, vaguely aware that I was still gripping the receiver.
Perhaps I was allergic to the bee sting—the only one I’ve ever gotten, although
to this day I have a phobia about bees, wasps, and other insects. But the image of an
eight-year-old in Keds crumpling to the ground while he describes his injury to his
Mommy seems to return us to Freudian territory. Note the umbilical image of the
phone cord.
Call me fanciful. Still, I’m afraid these undertones are hardly dissipated by the
second fainting incident I can recall, which practically reeks of the family romance.
This took place one weekend morning while we were gathered in the kitchen to eat
breakfast. My mother stood at the stove making French toast, which she had already
served to the kids; my father, seated at the table, was cutting a bagel with a sharp
bread knife. Contrary to every principle of kitchen safety, he was holding the bagel in
his hand and cutting inward, and eventually he made a neat, shallow incision in his
palm. The blood was profuse.
Being a hematologist, my father didn’t panic: this was just business as usual.
But my mother stopped flipping French toast and collapsed to the floor. I, inspired by
the blood and my mother’s collapse and the powerful odors of syrup and sugar
rising from my plate, slumped forward. My forehead went into the syrup. I heard a
roar—it seemed to me that I was being clutched beneath the armpits and whirled
around—and then my father shook me back into consciousness. He had already
attended to my mother.
Still think I’m fanciful? Then listen to this. Out of curiosity I asked my mother
when her first fainting episode had occurred.
She paused, thought it over, and came up with the following. At the age of
thirteen, she went to visit her father in the hospital, who only the day before had had
his appendix removed. Aside from her father, still conked out from the anesthesia,
the other person in the room was a nurse, who was busy changing the dressing on
the patient’s incision, which hadn’t quite closed. For some reason, the nurse had
to leave the room. At this point, she asked my mother to hold the soiled dressing in
place until she returned. My mother complied. Standing over her dazed father,
gingerly holding a used bandage over a hole in his lower abdomen, the thirteen-year-
old grew lightheaded. I assumed the nurse returned before she hit the floor.
The author’s mother fainting might be assumed to be related to _____.
A ： appendix
B ： abdomen
C ： nurse
D ： blood
正确答案： D
解析：
文章最后一段写到了作者母亲在十三岁的时候去医院探望刚做完阑尾炎手术的父亲的经
历。当时她的父亲伤口尚未愈合，需要换绷带，她帮助护士握住了绷带等护士回来，
从“gingerly holding a used bandage over a hold in his lower abdomen”可以看出，
作者母亲的眩晕是不能见血的缘故，D正确。75 、 不定项选择题
The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a
generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken
on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning,
however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public
documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to
learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional
languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.
The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a
resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last
month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National
Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind
devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the
United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had
bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster,
implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the
club—Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales—a bigger say and to counter centrifugal
forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.
The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted
overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by
less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were
proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or
the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact
laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many
people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow
with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings
that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style
waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European
Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western
Europe—only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.
Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and
women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard
Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and
Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue.
And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of
compatriots”, is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol
since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere—on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell
phone covers.
“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-
class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer
night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an
industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod,
Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the
sounds of new Welsh bands.
“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan
continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-
speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his
generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago.
“We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’schanging.”
Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of the resurgence of Welsh
national identity?
A ： Welsh has witnessed a revival as a national language.
B ： Poverty-relief funds have come from the European Union.
C ： A Welsh national airline is currently in operation.
D ： The national symbol has become a familiar sight.
正确答案： B
解析：
文章第三段末尾提到了欧盟的资金援助以解决威尔士的贫穷问题，作者举这个例子的目
的在于表明威尔士现在正往好的方向发展。而题目问的是不能作为威尔士国家意识苏醒
的例子，故B不符合要求。第一段第二句提到中央通过财政支持并采取一系列的措施来
扭转威尔士语面临消失的现状，如今威尔士语已经是欧洲的regional language了；第四
段第四五句提到以威尔士命名的国家航空公司现在正在运营中；第六句提到作为国家象
征的红色的龙如今到处都是，这三方面都是国家认同感复苏的表现，故选项A、C、D符
合要求。
76 、 不定项选择题
The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one
of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again.
This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their
retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens
again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron
workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the
unwinding of one of the most audacious promises of the 20th century.
The promise was assured economic security—even comfort—for essentially
everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the
19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to
dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days—lack of food,
warmth, shelter—would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise
became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in
need and separate programs for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour
unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant
corporations came into being and offered the possibility—in some cases the
promise—of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions? The cumulative effect
was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal
of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the
average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I’m on
my own. Now it became, ultimately I’ll be taken care of.
The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the
1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring
massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of
corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands,
many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whomkilled themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also
in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in
decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans
realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.
A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs
easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which
obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to defined
contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most
common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). the significance of the 401(k)
is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the
employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each
year and how it gets invested—the two factors that will determine how much it’s
worth when the employee retires.
Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement
savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how
much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron
matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company
stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but
that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match
employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron
case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the
company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold.
Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan
administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have
closed their accounts if they wanted to.
But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of
employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their
401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were
offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.
The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from
guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever
happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-
of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be
complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a
20th-century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like
most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.
Why does the author say at the beginning “The miserable fate of Enron’s
employees will be a landmark in business history…”?
A ： Because the company has gone bankrupt.
B ： ecause such events would never happen again.
C ： Because many Enron workers lost their retirement savings.
D ： Because it signifies a turning point in economic security.
正确答案： D
解析：
推断题。既然题干中提到“Enron职工的悲惨命运将是商业史上标志性的事件”，可见
此事对整个商界产生了巨大的影响。公司的破产或员工失去退休积蓄并不会对整个商界产生影响，而是其产生的影响构成了标志性事件，排除A、C项。文中并未提及这种事情
将不再发生，B项说法过于绝对，故排除。从文章第二段可知，20世纪的一个audacious
promise就是经济安全：政府的福利制度、劳工组织的保障、以及大企业财团的产生，
让职工们普遍认为他们的工作是终身的，并且退休后肯定也有退休金。然而，从第三段
开始，作者指出了这个保险体系的decline，以及由此引发的一系列政府、企业等政策的
改变，进而最终导致的职工们一无所有的惨状。因此可以说这次事件体现了经济安全方
面的转变。故D项符合。
77 、 不定项选择题
When we consider great painters of the past, the study of art and the study of illusion
cannot always be separated. By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, line,
shape, and forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-
dimensional objects in space. I must emphasize that I am not making a plea,
disguised or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although
I am, in fact rather critical of certain theories of non-representational art. But to
argue over these theories would be to miss the point. That the discoveries and effects
of representation that were the pride of earlier artists have become trivial today I
would not deny for a moment. Yet I believe that we are in real danger of losing
contact with past masters if we accept the fashionable doctrine that such matters
never had anything to do with art. The very reason why the representation of nature
can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to
art historians. Never before has there been an age when the visual image was so
cheap in every sense of the word. We are surrounded and assailed by posters and
advertisements, comics and magazine illustrations. We see aspects of reality
represented on television, postage stamps, and food packages. Painting is taught in
school and practiced as a pastime, and many modest amateurs have mastered tricks
that would have looked like sheer magic to the 14th?century painter Giotto. Even the
crude colored renderings on a cereal box might have made Giotto’s contemporaries
gasp. Perhaps there are people who concluded from this that the cereal box is
superior to a Giotto; I do not. But I think that the victory and vulgarization of
representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics. In this
connection it is instructive to remember the Greek saying that to marvel is the
beginning of knowledge and if we cease to marvel we may be in danger of ceasing to
know. I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by
forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual reality we call
“pictures.” Even comics and advertisements, rightly viewed, provide food for
thought. Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of the
language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by
inquiry into the “linguistics” of the visual image. The way the language of art refers
to the visible world is both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largely
unknown except to artists who use it as we use all language—without needing to
know its grammar and semantics.
It can be inferred from the passage that someone who wanted to analyze the
“grammar and semantics” of the language of art would most appropriately
comment on which of the following?
A ： The relationship between the drawing in a comic strip and the accompanying
text.
B ： The amount of detail that can be included in a tiny illustration on a postagestamp.
C ： The sociological implications of the images chosen to advertise a particular
product.
D ： The particular juxtaposition of shapes in an illustration that makes one shape
look as though it were behind another.
正确答案： D
解析：
文章论述艺术和幻觉之间是密不可分的。由此可知，D选项：图像的特别设置可使得一
个身形看起来就像隐藏在另一个后面，最符合题意。
78 、 不定项选择题
Film has properties that set it apart from painting, sculpture, novels, and plays. It is
also, in its most popular and powerful form, a story telling medium that shares many
elements with the short story and the novel. And since film presents its stories in
dramatic form, it has even more in common with the stage play: Both plays and
movies act out or dramatize, show rather than tell, what happens.
Unlike the novel, short story, or play, however, film is not handy to study; it
cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are
relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly
more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed,
and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can conjure
up at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have been watching a
performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends
greatly on visual and other nonvisual elements that are not easily expressed in
writing. The screenplay requires so much “filling in” by our imagination that we
cannot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and
reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most
screenplays are published not to read but rather to be remembered.
Still, film should not be ignored because studying it requires extra effort. And the
fact that we do not generally “read” films does not mean we should ignore the
principles of literary or dramatic analysis when we see a film. Literature and films do
share many elements and communicate many things in similar ways. Perceptive film
analysis rests on the principles used in literary analysis, and if we apply what we have
learned in the study of literature to our analysis of films, we will be far ahead of those
who do not. Therefore, before we turn to the unique elements of film, we need to
look into the elements that film shares with any good story.
Dividing film into its various elements for analysis is a somewhat artificial
process, for the elements of any art form never exist in isolation. It is impossible, for
example, to isolate plot from character: Events influence people, and people
influence events; the two are always closely interwoven in any fictional, dramatic, or
cinematic work. Nevertheless, the analytical method uses such a fragmenting
technique for ease and convenience. But it does so with the assumption that we can
study these elements in isolation without losing sight of their interdependence or
their relationship to the whole.What does the word “it” refers to in the last sentence of the passage?
A ： The analytical method.
B ： The fragmenting technique.
C ： Ease.
D ： Convenience.
正确答案： A
解析：
根据文章最后两句：采用分割研究电影是为了方便起见，但这是以假设这样的研究不会
影响对电影整体意义的理解为前提的。由此可见“it”代指“the analytical method”。
79 、 不定项选择题
I was eight years old the first time I fainted. I was at friend’s house, and a bee stung
me on the back of the neck. I had felt nothing but a slight pinch and the bug was
soon wiped away and flushed down the toilet, but since I looked pale I was urged to
call my mother. As I told her what had happened, I felt myself blacking out, sinking to
the floor, vaguely aware that I was still gripping the receiver.
Perhaps I was allergic to the bee sting—the only one I’ve ever gotten, although
to this day I have a phobia about bees, wasps, and other insects. But the image of an
eight-year-old in Keds crumpling to the ground while he describes his injury to his
Mommy seems to return us to Freudian territory. Note the umbilical image of the
phone cord.
Call me fanciful. Still, I’m afraid these undertones are hardly dissipated by the
second fainting incident I can recall, which practically reeks of the family romance.
This took place one weekend morning while we were gathered in the kitchen to eat
breakfast. My mother stood at the stove making French toast, which she had already
served to the kids; my father, seated at the table, was cutting a bagel with a sharp
bread knife. Contrary to every principle of kitchen safety, he was holding the bagel in
his hand and cutting inward, and eventually he made a neat, shallow incision in his
palm. The blood was profuse.
Being a hematologist, my father didn’t panic: this was just business as usual.
But my mother stopped flipping French toast and collapsed to the floor. I, inspired by
the blood and my mother’s collapse and the powerful odors of syrup and sugar
rising from my plate, slumped forward. My forehead went into the syrup. I heard a
roar—it seemed to me that I was being clutched beneath the armpits and whirled
around—and then my father shook me back into consciousness. He had already
attended to my mother.
Still think I’m fanciful? Then listen to this. Out of curiosity I asked my mother
when her first fainting episode had occurred.
She paused, thought it over, and came up with the following. At the age of
thirteen, she went to visit her father in the hospital, who only the day before had had
his appendix removed. Aside from her father, still conked out from the anesthesia,
the other person in the room was a nurse, who was busy changing the dressing on
the patient’s incision, which hadn’t quite closed. For some reason, the nurse had
to leave the room. At this point, she asked my mother to hold the soiled dressing in
place until she returned. My mother complied. Standing over her dazed father,gingerly holding a used bandage over a hole in his lower abdomen, the thirteen-year-
old grew lightheaded. I assumed the nurse returned before she hit the floor.
“At this point” in this article most probably means _____.
A ： at this moment
B ： At this part
C ： at this house
D ： at this corner
正确答案： A
解析：
结合上下文语境可以看出at this point表示“在这个时候”。
80 、 不定项选择题
Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer.
He asked the crowed assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for
the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally
names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down”
the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a
table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.
The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word
comes from the Latin Autcio, meaning “increase.” The Romans usually sold in this
way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called subhasta, meaning “under the
spear,” a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather, In
English in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by the
candle”; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it
stayed alight.
Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are
coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines.
Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare
books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms as Christie’s and
Sotheby’s in London and New York are world-famous.
An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to
be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the
advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of
goods to be sold together, called a “lot,” is usually given a number. The auctioneer
need not begin with Lot I and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he
registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they
are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a
percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct
interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.
The auctioneer may decide to sell the “lots” out of the order because _____.
A ： he sometimes wants to confuse the buyers
B ： he knows from experience that certain people will want to buy certain items
C ： he wants to keep certain people waitingD ： he wants to reduce the number of buyers
正确答案： B
解析：
由文章第三段中：he may wait until he registers the fact that certain dealers are in the
room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in，拍卖商不按常规拍
卖，是为了确定准买家的情况，推测他们可能喜欢的东西，再决定拍卖。B选项符合题
意。
81 、 不定项选择题
When we consider great painters of the past, the study of art and the study of illusion
cannot always be separated. By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, line,
shape, and forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-
dimensional objects in space. I must emphasize that I am not making a plea,
disguised or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although
I am, in fact rather critical of certain theories of non-representational art. But to
argue over these theories would be to miss the point. That the discoveries and effects
of representation that were the pride of earlier artists have become trivial today I
would not deny for a moment. Yet I believe that we are in real danger of losing
contact with past masters if we accept the fashionable doctrine that such matters
never had anything to do with art. The very reason why the representation of nature
can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to
art historians. Never before has there been an age when the visual image was so
cheap in every sense of the word. We are surrounded and assailed by posters and
advertisements, comics and magazine illustrations. We see aspects of reality
represented on television, postage stamps, and food packages. Painting is taught in
school and practiced as a pastime, and many modest amateurs have mastered tricks
that would have looked like sheer magic to the 14th?century painter Giotto. Even the
crude colored renderings on a cereal box might have made Giotto’s contemporaries
gasp. Perhaps there are people who concluded from this that the cereal box is
superior to a Giotto; I do not. But I think that the victory and vulgarization of
representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics. In this
connection it is instructive to remember the Greek saying that to marvel is the
beginning of knowledge and if we cease to marvel we may be in danger of ceasing to
know. I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by
forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual reality we call
“pictures.” Even comics and advertisements, rightly viewed, provide food for
thought. Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of the
language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by
inquiry into the “linguistics” of the visual image. The way the language of art refers
to the visible world is both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largely
unknown except to artists who use it as we use all language—without needing to
know its grammar and semantics.
The author of the passage explicitly,?disagrees?with which of the following
statements?
A ： In modern society even non-artists can master techniques that great artists of
the 14th?century did not employ.B ： The ability to represent a three-dimensional object on a flat surface has nothing
to do with art.
C ： In modern society the victory of representational skills has created a problem
for art critics.
D ： The way that artists are able to represent the visible world is an area that needs
a great deal more study before it can be fully understood.
正确答案： B
解析：
考察与作者观点不同的内容，文章第一句作者就表明研究过去的大师的作品时，其艺术
和幻觉是密不可分的。在接下来的叙述中，作者就这一观点展开论述。B选项的观点与
作者的态度是相反的，选项为B。
82 、 不定项选择题
The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a
generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken
on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning,
however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public
documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to
learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional
languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.
The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a
resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last
month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National
Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind
devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the
United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had
bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster,
implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the
club—Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales—a bigger say and to counter centrifugal
forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.
The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted
overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by
less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were
proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or
the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact
laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many
people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow
with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings
that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style
waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European
Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western
Europe—only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.
Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and
women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard
Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and
Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue.And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of
compatriots”, is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol
since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere—on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell
phone covers.
“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-
class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer
night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an
industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod,
Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the
sounds of new Welsh bands.
“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan
continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-
speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his
generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago.
“We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s
changing.”
Wales is different from Scotland in all the following aspects EXCEPT _____.
A ： people’s desire for devolution
B ： locals’ turnout for the voting
C ： powers of the legislative body
D ： status of the national language
正确答案： D
解析：
细节题。文章第三段对Wales与Scotland进行了比较，第一、二句“The Welsh showed
little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted overwhelmingly for a
parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by less than one percent
on a turnout of less than 25 percent….”分别与A、B项相对应。第三、四句“Its
powers were proportionately limited...unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact
laws.”其中的its指代的是Welsh, its counterpart in Edinburgh指代的是苏格兰，对应C
项。文章并未对威尔士和苏格兰语进行比较，故选D。
83 、 不定项选择题
About a dozen years ago my wife and I planted a hedge of twenty-seven arborvitae
trees along the border of our backyard, which, although our house sits on nineteen
acres of fields and woods, is also the back border of our property. A sloping hayfield
with a realtor’s dream of panoramic views lies directly behind us. So the hedge was
our attempt to secure privacy for the future. The nurseryman who sold us the shrubs
assured us they were the best species for our purpose and climate. I measured and
marked the planting sites, called in “Chink” Norris (whose possibly racist nickname
I’ve not looked into any more than I have the nurseryman’s credentials) to come
with his small backhoe and dig the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and
fertilized each tree throughout the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and
fertilized each tree throughout the first year, with results that were everything I’d
been promised: dense, hardy, and luxuriant, a towering bulwark of green. Thusbegan an episode of great vexation and buffoonery in my life, known and (I have no
doubt) merrily recounted in local circles as the tale of “Garret and his trees”, or as
my wife puts it, “Garret and the deer.” It so happens that we live next to one of the
county’s most extensive “deer yard”, those areas of canopied woods to which the
deer retire in winter, making networks of deeply furrowed tracks and foraging as best
they can until there’s a declared winner in the yearly race between spring and
starvation.
It also happens that deer find arborvitae a delicacy, related to the cedar that they
also love, but thicker and more succulent. By the second winter they’d found and
attacked my trees. I fought back, not with a vengeance—I stopped short of that—but
with something close to obsession. I erected fence structures that made our
backyard look like a scene from the Somme. I played recordings of wolves howling,
recordings of me howling. I fired pistol shots at random hours of the night. I hung or
sprinkled repellents of blood meal, urine, (mine), and deodorant soap. Hearing that
deer were repelled by the scent of human hair, I asked some hair dressers to set
aside their sweepings in a bag with, as the saying goes, my name on it.
As any warden will tell you, if deer are hungry enough they will get through
anything, which this year included an electric fence hooked to a charger supposedly
powerful enough to deter an elephant. So the farmer who’d helped me rig it up
assured me. What he did not tell me, because he did not know, was that the
insulating snowpack would prevent an animal from completing the circuit with the
ground. In came the deer like a school of piranhas. This was shortly after a man from
Connecticut purchased the hayfield behind our house for a price few of my neighbors
could afforded and none of them could believe and set about measuring the
foundations of a house.
Why the author sets up an electric fence?
A ： as a safety precaution
B ： to prevent the harassment by deer
C ： as part of house decoration plan
D ： to halt potential thieves and robbers
正确答案： B
解析：
文章第三段第一句话写到“…if deer are hungry enough they will get through
anything, which this year included an electric fence hooked to a charger supposedly
powerful enough to deter an elephant.”由此可见，修建电篱是为了防止鹿群太饿而冲
进后院觅食，B正确。
84 、 不定项选择题
Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer.
He asked the crowed assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for
the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally
names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down”
the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a
table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word
comes from the Latin Autcio, meaning “increase.” The Romans usually sold in this
way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called subhasta, meaning “under the
spear,” a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather, In
English in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by the
candle”; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it
stayed alight.
Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are
coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines.
Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare
books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms as Christie’s and
Sotheby’s in London and New York are world-famous.
An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to
be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the
advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of
goods to be sold together, called a “lot,” is usually given a number. The auctioneer
need not begin with Lot I and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he
registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they
are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a
percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct
interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.
A candle used to burn at auction sales _____.
A ： because they took place at night
B ： as a signal for the crowd to gather
C ： to keep the auctioneer warm
D ： to limit the time when offers could be made
正确答案： D
解析：
文章第二段最后一句：a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be
made while it stayed alight，拍卖商点燃蜡烛，是为了把拍卖时间限定在蜡烛燃烧的时
间内。因此，答案为D。
85 、 不定项选择题
When we consider great painters of the past, the study of art and the study of illusion
cannot always be separated. By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, line,
shape, and forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-
dimensional objects in space. I must emphasize that I am not making a plea,
disguised or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although
I am, in fact rather critical of certain theories of non-representational art. But to
argue over these theories would be to miss the point. That the discoveries and effects
of representation that were the pride of earlier artists have become trivial today I
would not deny for a moment. Yet I believe that we are in real danger of losing
contact with past masters if we accept the fashionable doctrine that such matters
never had anything to do with art. The very reason why the representation of nature
can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest toart historians. Never before has there been an age when the visual image was so
cheap in every sense of the word. We are surrounded and assailed by posters and
advertisements, comics and magazine illustrations. We see aspects of reality
represented on television, postage stamps, and food packages. Painting is taught in
school and practiced as a pastime, and many modest amateurs have mastered tricks
that would have looked like sheer magic to the 14th?century painter Giotto. Even the
crude colored renderings on a cereal box might have made Giotto’s contemporaries
gasp. Perhaps there are people who concluded from this that the cereal box is
superior to a Giotto; I do not. But I think that the victory and vulgarization of
representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics. In this
connection it is instructive to remember the Greek saying that to marvel is the
beginning of knowledge and if we cease to marvel we may be in danger of ceasing to
know. I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by
forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual reality we call
“pictures.” Even comics and advertisements, rightly viewed, provide food for
thought. Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of the
language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by
inquiry into the “linguistics” of the visual image. The way the language of art refers
to the visible world is both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largely
unknown except to artists who use it as we use all language—without needing to
know its grammar and semantics.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage, about the adherents of
“certain theories of nonrepresentational art”?
A ： They consider the use of illusion to be inappropriate in contemporary art.
B ： They do not agree the marks on a flat surface can ever satisfactorily convey the
illusion of three-dimensional space.
C ： They do not discuss important works of art created in the past.
D ： They do not think that the representation of nature was ever the primary goal of
past painters.
正确答案： A
解析：
题目提到“certain theories of nonrepresentational art”，可将范围定位于文章前三句。
文中第一句表明作者观点，即认为艺术和幻觉的研究是不可分割的。第三句后半部
分“although”，可知这里是强调的重点。作者表明尽管他对非具象艺术持批评态度，
但是并不是针对他们进行批评。由此推知，现代的非具象理论认为错觉在现代艺术中已
经不再有用。答案为A。
86 、 不定项选择题
I was eight years old the first time I fainted. I was at friend’s house, and a bee stung
me on the back of the neck. I had felt nothing but a slight pinch and the bug was
soon wiped away and flushed down the toilet, but since I looked pale I was urged to
call my mother. As I told her what had happened, I felt myself blacking out, sinking to
the floor, vaguely aware that I was still gripping the receiver.
Perhaps I was allergic to the bee sting—the only one I’ve ever gotten, although
to this day I have a phobia about bees, wasps, and other insects. But the image of aneight-year-old in Keds crumpling to the ground while he describes his injury to his
Mommy seems to return us to Freudian territory. Note the umbilical image of the
phone cord.
Call me fanciful. Still, I’m afraid these undertones are hardly dissipated by the
second fainting incident I can recall, which practically reeks of the family romance.
This took place one weekend morning while we were gathered in the kitchen to eat
breakfast. My mother stood at the stove making French toast, which she had already
served to the kids; my father, seated at the table, was cutting a bagel with a sharp
bread knife. Contrary to every principle of kitchen safety, he was holding the bagel in
his hand and cutting inward, and eventually he made a neat, shallow incision in his
palm. The blood was profuse.
Being a hematologist, my father didn’t panic: this was just business as usual.
But my mother stopped flipping French toast and collapsed to the floor. I, inspired by
the blood and my mother’s collapse and the powerful odors of syrup and sugar
rising from my plate, slumped forward. My forehead went into the syrup. I heard a
roar—it seemed to me that I was being clutched beneath the armpits and whirled
around—and then my father shook me back into consciousness. He had already
attended to my mother.
Still think I’m fanciful? Then listen to this. Out of curiosity I asked my mother
when her first fainting episode had occurred.
She paused, thought it over, and came up with the following. At the age of
thirteen, she went to visit her father in the hospital, who only the day before had had
his appendix removed. Aside from her father, still conked out from the anesthesia,
the other person in the room was a nurse, who was busy changing the dressing on
the patient’s incision, which hadn’t quite closed. For some reason, the nurse had
to leave the room. At this point, she asked my mother to hold the soiled dressing in
place until she returned. My mother complied. Standing over her dazed father,
gingerly holding a used bandage over a hole in his lower abdomen, the thirteen-year-
old grew lightheaded. I assumed the nurse returned before she hit the floor.
One most plausible reason that the author’s father did not panic when he cut
himself is _____.
A ： He had served in the army
B ： He was the head of the family
C ： He tried to maintain his authority
D ： He was an expert on blood
正确答案： D
解析：
文章第四段第一句话写到“Being a hematologist, my father didn’t panic.”这里提到
了作者父亲的职业是一位血液学家，D正确。
87 、 不定项选择题
Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new
ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no
doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape aman’s work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with
new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic
materials allow one to look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed
on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting
was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and
intervening space becomes as important as form itself.
More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but
no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers,
discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in
their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that
dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they
banished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream
experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The
Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping
forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences.
For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional
message of expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas: they went
beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.
There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary
life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios
have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a
one-way street. Painters and sculptors, through admittedly influenced by modern
science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up has been a vital part of
their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite the contrary:
it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more
thoroughly, to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of lire that
earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple
experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.
The welding techniques _____.
A ： can cause a lot of changes in sculpture arts
B ： permit details of an object to be seen clearly
C ： can superimpose multiple sides of sculptor’s designs
D ： can make artists adaptable to surroundings
正确答案： A
解析：
根据题意，该题是关于welding techniques（焊接技术）的，可以在第一段后半部分找
到相关内容。文章第一段第三句表明塑料和轻金属的发展给雕刻艺术带来很大影响。A
项符合题意。B项和C项指的是新材料的作用而不是焊接技术的作用。D项artists与文意
不合。
88 、 不定项选择题
The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one
of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again.This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their
retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens
again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron
workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the
unwinding of one of the most audacious promises of the 20th century.
The promise was assured economic security—even comfort—for essentially
everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the
19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to
dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days—lack of food,
warmth, shelter—would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise
became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in
need and separate programs for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour
unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant
corporations came into being and offered the possibility—in some cases the
promise—of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions? The cumulative effect
was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal
of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the
average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I’m on
my own. Now it became, ultimately I’ll be taken care of.
The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the
1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring
massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of
corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands,
many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom
killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also
in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in
decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans
realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.
A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs
easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which
obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to defined
contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most
common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). the significance of the 401(k)
is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the
employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each
year and how it gets invested—the two factors that will determine how much it’s
worth when the employee retires.
Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement
savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how
much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron
matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company
stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but
that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match
employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron
case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the
company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold.
Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan
administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have
closed their accounts if they wanted to.
But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of
employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were
offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.
The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from
guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever
happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-
of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be
complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a
20th-century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like
most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.
Which is NOT seen as a lesson drawn from the Enron disaster?
A ： The 401(k) assets should be placed in more than one investment option.
B ： Employees have to take up responsibilities for themselves.
C ： Such events could happen again as it is not easy to change people’s mind.
D ： Economic security won’t be taken for granted by future young workers.
正确答案： D
解析：
文章倒数第二段第一句指出职工的唯一的投资选择（sole investment option ）是造成
悲剧的最大原因，从该段第二句也可看出，如果他们将投资分散在各个investment
options的话，可能就不会造成这么大的悲剧，故A项正确。从文章可知，人们普遍认
为I’ll-be-taken-care-of，但此次悲剧不仅说明了所谓的经济安全的瓦解，也警醒了他
们须为自己负责，不能再想当然以为企业、社会或者政府会为他们负责。故B、D两项都
正确。从最后一段可知，人们的思想观念不可能一下子转变过来，因而有可能这样的事
会再发生，故C正确。D并不是从Enron disaster得到的教训。
89 、 不定项选择题
When we consider great painters of the past, the study of art and the study of illusion
cannot always be separated. By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, line,
shape, and forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-
dimensional objects in space. I must emphasize that I am not making a plea,
disguised or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although
I am, in fact rather critical of certain theories of non-representational art. But to
argue over these theories would be to miss the point. That the discoveries and effects
of representation that were the pride of earlier artists have become trivial today I
would not deny for a moment. Yet I believe that we are in real danger of losing
contact with past masters if we accept the fashionable doctrine that such matters
never had anything to do with art. The very reason why the representation of nature
can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to
art historians. Never before has there been an age when the visual image was so
cheap in every sense of the word. We are surrounded and assailed by posters and
advertisements, comics and magazine illustrations. We see aspects of reality
represented on television, postage stamps, and food packages. Painting is taught in
school and practiced as a pastime, and many modest amateurs have mastered tricks
that would have looked like sheer magic to the 14th?century painter Giotto. Even the
crude colored renderings on a cereal box might have made Giotto’s contemporariesgasp. Perhaps there are people who concluded from this that the cereal box is
superior to a Giotto; I do not. But I think that the victory and vulgarization of
representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics. In this
connection it is instructive to remember the Greek saying that to marvel is the
beginning of knowledge and if we cease to marvel we may be in danger of ceasing to
know. I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by
forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual reality we call
“pictures.” Even comics and advertisements, rightly viewed, provide food for
thought. Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of the
language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by
inquiry into the “linguistics” of the visual image. The way the language of art refers
to the visible world is both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largely
unknown except to artists who use it as we use all language—without needing to
know its grammar and semantics.
The author suggests which of the following about art historians?
A ： They do not believe that illusionist tricks have become trivial.
B ： They generally spend little time studying contemporary artists.
C ： They have not given enough consideration to how the representation of nature
has become commonplace.
D ： They generally tend to argue about theories rather than address substantive
issues.
正确答案： C
解析：
题目中提到art historians，可定位于文章中：The very reason why the representation
of nature can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest
interest to art historians，即那些现在被认为是司空见惯的东西本应该是艺术历史学家
最感兴趣的内容。由此推断，事实上，艺术历史学家们并没有给予足够的关注。
90 、 不定项选择题
The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a
generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken
on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning,
however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public
documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to
learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regional
languages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.
The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a
resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last
month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National
Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind
devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the
United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had
bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster,
implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the
club—Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales—a bigger say and to counter centrifugalforces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.
The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted
overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by
less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were
proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or
the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact
laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many
people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow
with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings
that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style
waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European
Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western
Europe—only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.
Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and
women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard
Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and
Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue.
And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of
compatriots”, is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol
since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere—on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell
phone covers.
“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-
class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer
night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an
industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod,
Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the
sounds of new Welsh bands.
“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan
continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-
speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his
generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago.
“We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s
changing.”
According to Dyfan Jones what has changed is _____.
A ： people’s mentality
B ： pop culture
C ： town’s appearance
D ： possibilities for the people
正确答案： A
解析：
细节题。文章最后一段提到Dyfan话“过去威尔士人缺乏自信，总会觉得我不能这做这
个，不能做那个，因为我只是个威尔士人”，但现在不同了，人们观念已在逐渐改变，
由此可见人们的心理发生了变化。故选A。91 、 不定项选择题
Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer.
He asked the crowed assembled in the auction-room to make offers, or “bids”, for
the various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally
names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down”
the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a
table at which he stands. This is often set on a raised platform called a rostrum.
The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction, and the English word
comes from the Latin Autcio, meaning “increase.” The Romans usually sold in this
way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called subhasta, meaning “under the
spear,” a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather, In
English in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, goods were often sold “by the
candle”; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer, and bids could be made while it
stayed alight.
Practically all goods whose qualities vary are sold by auction. Among these are
coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, spices, fruit and vegetables and wines.
Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare
books, old china and similar works of art. The auction-rooms as Christie’s and
Sotheby’s in London and New York are world-famous.
An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to
be sold and where and when they can be viewed by prospective buyers. If the
advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of
goods to be sold together, called a “lot,” is usually given a number. The auctioneer
need not begin with Lot I and continue in numerical order; he may wait until he
registers the fact that certain dealers are in the room and then produce the lots they
are likely to be interested in. The auctioneer’s services are paid for in the form of a
percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct
interest in pushing up the bidding as high as possible.
The Romans used to sell _____ by auction.
A ： spoilt goods
B ： old-worn weapons
C ： property taken from the enemy
D ： spears
正确答案： C
解析：
考察词义。文章第二段第二句：The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken
in war，这里的spoils taken in the war，指的就是从战争中缴获的战利品。答案为C。
92 、 不定项选择题
The Welsh language has always been the ultimate marker of Welsh identity, but a
generation ago it looked as if Welsh would go the way of Manx, once widely spoken
on the Isle of Man but now extinct. Government financing and central planning,
however, have helped reverse the decline of Welsh. Road signs and official public
documents are written in both Welsh and English, and schoolchildren are required to
learn both languages. Welsh is now one of the most successful of Europe’s regionallanguages, spoken by more than a half-million of the country’s three million people.
The revival of the language, particularly among young people, is part of a
resurgence of national identity sweeping through this small, proud nation. Last
month Wales marked the second anniversary of the opening of the National
Assembly, the first parliament to be convened here since 1404. The idea behind
devolution was to restore the balance within the union of nations making up the
United Kingdom. With most of the people and wealth, England has always had
bragging rights. The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster,
implemented by Tony Blair, was designed to give the other members of the
club—Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales—a bigger say and to counter centrifugal
forces that seemed to threaten the very idea of the union.
The Welsh showed little enthusiasm for devolution. Whereas the Scots voted
overwhelmingly for a parliament, the vote for a Welsh assembly scraped through by
less than one percent on a turnout of less than 25 percent. Its powers were
proportionately limited. The Assembly can decide how money from Westminster or
the European Union is spent. It cannot, unlike its counterpart in Edinburgh, enact
laws. But now that it is here, the Welsh are growing to like their Assembly. Many
people would like it to have more powers. Its importance as figurehead will grow
with the opening in 2003, of a new debating chamber, one of many new buildings
that are transforming Cardiff from a decaying seaport into a Baltimore-style
waterfront city. Meanwhile a grant of nearly two million dollars from the European
Union will tackle poverty. Wales is one of the poorest regions in Western
Europe—only Spain, Portugal, and Greece have a lower standard of living.
Newspapers and magazines are filled with stories about great Welsh men and
women, boosting self-esteem. To familiar faces such as Dylan Thomas and Richard
Burton have been added new icons such as Catherine Zeta-Jones, the movie star, and
Bryn Terfel, the opera singer. Indigenous foods like salt marsh lamb are in vogue.
And Wales now boasts a national airline, Awyr Cymru. Cymru, which means “land of
compatriots”, is the Welsh name for Wales. The red dragon, the nation’s symbol
since the time of King Arthur, is everywhere—on T-shirts, rugby jerseys and even cell
phone covers.
“Until very recent times most Welsh people had this feeling of being second-
class citizens,” said Dyfan Jones, an 18-year-old student. It was a warm summer
night, and I was sitting on the grass with a group of young people in Llanelli, an
industrial town in the south, outside the rock music venue of the National Eisteddfod,
Wales’s annual cultural festival. The disused factory in front of us echoed to the
sounds of new Welsh bands.
“There was almost a genetic tendency for lack of confidence,” Dyfan
continued. Equally comfortable in his Welshness as in his membership in the English-
speaking, global youth culture and the new federal Europe, Dyfan, like the rest of his
generation, is growing up with a sense of possibility unimaginable ten years ago.
“We used to think. We can’t do anything, we’re only Welsh. Now I think that’s
changing.”
According to the passage, devolution was mainly meant to _____.
A ： maintain the present status among the nations.
B ： reduce legislative powers of England.
C ： create a better state of equality among the nations.
D ： grant more say to all the nations in the union.正确答案： C
解析：
推理判断题。文章第二段第三句提到“the idea behind devolution was to restore the
balance within the union of nations making up the United Kingdom.”为了重新建立英
联邦各成员国之间的平衡。该段后面又具体指出，一直以来，英格兰都是had bragging
rights，而这次部分立法权的转交就是为了让其它成员国有更大的发言权，这样做的目
的就是实现各成员国之间的平等，故C项符合。A文中并未提及，可直接排除。本段第五
句提到“The partial transfer of legislative powers from Westminster, implemented by
Tony Blair...”由此可见减少英格兰的立法权并不精准，只是转移了它的立法权，并且这
并不是devolution的目的，而是一项措施，故B项也可排除。D项说法过于绝对，并不是
所有的成员，只是“to give the other members of the club-Scotland, Northern
Ireland, and Wales”，故排除D。
93 、 不定项选择题
The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one
of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again.
This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their
retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens
again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron
workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the
unwinding of one of the most audacious promises of the 20th century.
The promise was assured economic security—even comfort—for essentially
everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the
19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to
dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days—lack of food,
warmth, shelter—would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise
became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in
need and separate programs for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour
unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant
corporations came into being and offered the possibility—in some cases the
promise—of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions? The cumulative effect
was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal
of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the
average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I’m on
my own. Now it became, ultimately I’ll be taken care of.
The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the
1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring
massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of
corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands,
many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom
killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also
in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in
decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans
realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.
A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs
easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which
obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to definedcontribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most
common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). the significance of the 401(k)
is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the
employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each
year and how it gets invested—the two factors that will determine how much it’s
worth when the employee retires.
Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement
savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how
much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron
matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company
stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but
that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match
employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron
case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the
company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold.
Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan
administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have
closed their accounts if they wanted to.
But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of
employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their
401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were
offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.
The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from
guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever
happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-
of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be
complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a
20th-century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like
most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.
According to the passage, the combined efforts by governments, layout unions and
big corporations to guarantee economic comfort have led to a significant change in
_____.
A ： people’s outlook on life
B ： people’s life styles
C ： people’s living standard
D ： people’s social values
正确答案： A
解析：
本题考察细节。由文章第二段倒数第四句“The cumulative effect was a fundamental
change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal of attitude that
most rank as one of the largest in human history.”可知，这一系列事件带来的是人们
对待生活（approached life itself）的根本性的转变，故A项“人们对生活的展望、看
法”，符合题意。94 、 不定项选择题
When we consider great painters of the past, the study of art and the study of illusion
cannot always be separated. By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, line,
shape, and forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-
dimensional objects in space. I must emphasize that I am not making a plea,
disguised or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although
I am, in fact rather critical of certain theories of non-representational art. But to
argue over these theories would be to miss the point. That the discoveries and effects
of representation that were the pride of earlier artists have become trivial today I
would not deny for a moment. Yet I believe that we are in real danger of losing
contact with past masters if we accept the fashionable doctrine that such matters
never had anything to do with art. The very reason why the representation of nature
can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to
art historians. Never before has there been an age when the visual image was so
cheap in every sense of the word. We are surrounded and assailed by posters and
advertisements, comics and magazine illustrations. We see aspects of reality
represented on television, postage stamps, and food packages. Painting is taught in
school and practiced as a pastime, and many modest amateurs have mastered tricks
that would have looked like sheer magic to the 14th?century painter Giotto. Even the
crude colored renderings on a cereal box might have made Giotto’s contemporaries
gasp. Perhaps there are people who concluded from this that the cereal box is
superior to a Giotto; I do not. But I think that the victory and vulgarization of
representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics. In this
connection it is instructive to remember the Greek saying that to marvel is the
beginning of knowledge and if we cease to marvel we may be in danger of ceasing to
know. I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by
forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual reality we call
“pictures.” Even comics and advertisements, rightly viewed, provide food for
thought. Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of the
language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by
inquiry into the “linguistics” of the visual image. The way the language of art refers
to the visible world is both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largely
unknown except to artists who use it as we use all language—without needing to
know its grammar and semantics.
Which of the following best states that author’s attitude toward comics, as
expressed in the passage?
A ： They constitute an innovative art from.
B ： They can be a worthwhile subject for study.
C ： They are critically important to an understanding of modern art.
D ： Their visual structure is more complex than that of medieval art.
正确答案： B
解析：
作者认为：Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of
the language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly
supplemented by inquiry into the “linguistics” of the visual image，就像没有散文的
语言意识就很难学好诗歌一样，通过研究视觉图像的“语言学”会对相关艺术领域的探
索作一些补充。漫画是艺术中的一种，同样也是值得学习研究的。95 、 不定项选择题
Film has properties that set it apart from painting, sculpture, novels, and plays. It is
also, in its most popular and powerful form, a story telling medium that shares many
elements with the short story and the novel. And since film presents its stories in
dramatic form, it has even more in common with the stage play: Both plays and
movies act out or dramatize, show rather than tell, what happens.
Unlike the novel, short story, or play, however, film is not handy to study; it
cannot be effectively frozen on the printed page. The novel and short story are
relatively easy to study because they are written to be read. The stage play is slightly
more difficult to study because it is written to be performed. But plays are printed,
and because they rely heavily on the spoken word, imaginative readers can conjure
up at least a pale imitation of the experience they might have been watching a
performance on stage. This cannot be said of the screenplay, for a film depends
greatly on visual and other nonvisual elements that are not easily expressed in
writing. The screenplay requires so much “filling in” by our imagination that we
cannot really approximate the experience of a film by reading a screenplay, and
reading a screenplay is worthwhile only if we have already seen the film. Thus, most
screenplays are published not to read but rather to be remembered.
Still, film should not be ignored because studying it requires extra effort. And the
fact that we do not generally “read” films does not mean we should ignore the
principles of literary or dramatic analysis when we see a film. Literature and films do
share many elements and communicate many things in similar ways. Perceptive film
analysis rests on the principles used in literary analysis, and if we apply what we have
learned in the study of literature to our analysis of films, we will be far ahead of those
who do not. Therefore, before we turn to the unique elements of film, we need to
look into the elements that film shares with any good story.
Dividing film into its various elements for analysis is a somewhat artificial
process, for the elements of any art form never exist in isolation. It is impossible, for
example, to isolate plot from character: Events influence people, and people
influence events; the two are always closely interwoven in any fictional, dramatic, or
cinematic work. Nevertheless, the analytical method uses such a fragmenting
technique for ease and convenience. But it does so with the assumption that we can
study these elements in isolation without losing sight of their interdependence or
their relationship to the whole.
Why can’t we divide film into various elements for analysis?
A ： Because these elements are interwoven with each other and cannot be
separated without failing to appreciate a film as a whole.
B ： ecause films cannot be written down and it is inconvenient to analyze them
C ： Because films elements are too complicated.
D ： Because films need not to be analyzed in detail.
正确答案： A
解析：由文章第四段第一句：Dividing film into its various elements for analysis is a
somewhat artificial process, for the elements of any art form never exist in isolation
可知，电影中的各个元素是相互交织、相互影响的，不能分割研究，否则会影响对整体
意思的理解。
96 、 不定项选择题
The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one
of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again.
This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their
retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens
again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron
workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the
unwinding of one of the most audacious promises of the 20th century.
The promise was assured economic security—even comfort—for essentially
everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the
19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to
dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days—lack of food,
warmth, shelter—would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise
became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in
need and separate programs for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour
unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant
corporations came into being and offered the possibility—in some cases the
promise—of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions? The cumulative effect
was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal
of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the
average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I’m on
my own. Now it became, ultimately I’ll be taken care of.
The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the
1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring
massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of
corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands,
many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom
killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also
in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in
decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans
realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.
A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs
easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which
obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to defined
contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most
common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). the significance of the 401(k)
is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the
employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each
year and how it gets invested—the two factors that will determine how much it’s
worth when the employee retires.
Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement
savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how
much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enronmatched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company
stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but
that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match
employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron
case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the
company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold.
Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan
administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have
closed their accounts if they wanted to.
But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of
employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their
401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were
offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.
The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from
guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever
happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-
of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be
complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a
20th-century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like
most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.
Changes in pension schemes were also part of _____.
A ： the corporate lay-offs
B ： the government cuts in welfare spending
C ： the economic restructuring
D ： the warning power of labors unions
正确答案： B
解析：
从文章第三段最后一句提到“President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back
welfare. Americans realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any
of us.”，克林顿总统签署了一个历史性的议案减少福利。第四段第一句又提到“A less
visible but equally significant trend affected pensions.”，即这种举措影响了退休金。
因此较少福利议案的通过影响了退休金，故退休抚恤金属于采取的关于福利方面的措施，
故C项符合。
97 、 不定项选择题
Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new
ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no
doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a
man’s work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with
new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic
materials allow one to look through an object, to see its various sides superimposed
on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting
was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and
intervening space becomes as important as form itself.More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but
no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers,
discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in
their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that
dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they
banished all time barriers and moral judgements to combine disconnected dream
experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The
Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping
forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences.
For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional
message of expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas: they went
beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought.
There is little doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary
life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios
have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a
one-way street. Painters and sculptors, through admittedly influenced by modern
science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up has been a vital part of
their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction. Quite the contrary:
it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more
thoroughly, to enlarge, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of lire that
earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple
experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.
We can learn from the text mat Freud’s studies _____.
A ： are more ambiguous than any other scientific invention
B ： have influenced other scientific inventions
C ： cause Surrealism
D ： have infiltrated Surrealism
正确答案： D
解析：
该题是关于Freud’s studies的。文章第二段第一句表明，弗洛伊德的精神分析理论对
超现实主义有影响，D项符合题意。A项than any other太绝对。B项other scientific
inventions应改为recent art。C项“导致了超现实主义”错误，只是产生一定影响，不
合题意。
98 、 不定项选择题
About a dozen years ago my wife and I planted a hedge of twenty-seven arborvitae
trees along the border of our backyard, which, although our house sits on nineteen
acres of fields and woods, is also the back border of our property. A sloping hayfield
with a realtor’s dream of panoramic views lies directly behind us. So the hedge was
our attempt to secure privacy for the future. The nurseryman who sold us the shrubs
assured us they were the best species for our purpose and climate. I measured and
marked the planting sites, called in “Chink” Norris (whose possibly racist nickname
I’ve not looked into any more than I have the nurseryman’s credentials) to comewith his small backhoe and dig the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and
fertilized each tree throughout the holes. As advised, I faithfully watered and
fertilized each tree throughout the first year, with results that were everything I’d
been promised: dense, hardy, and luxuriant, a towering bulwark of green. Thus
began an episode of great vexation and buffoonery in my life, known and (I have no
doubt) merrily recounted in local circles as the tale of “Garret and his trees”, or as
my wife puts it, “Garret and the deer.” It so happens that we live next to one of the
county’s most extensive “deer yard”, those areas of canopied woods to which the
deer retire in winter, making networks of deeply furrowed tracks and foraging as best
they can until there’s a declared winner in the yearly race between spring and
starvation.
It also happens that deer find arborvitae a delicacy, related to the cedar that they
also love, but thicker and more succulent. By the second winter they’d found and
attacked my trees. I fought back, not with a vengeance—I stopped short of that—but
with something close to obsession. I erected fence structures that made our
backyard look like a scene from the Somme. I played recordings of wolves howling,
recordings of me howling. I fired pistol shots at random hours of the night. I hung or
sprinkled repellents of blood meal, urine, (mine), and deodorant soap. Hearing that
deer were repelled by the scent of human hair, I asked some hair dressers to set
aside their sweepings in a bag with, as the saying goes, my name on it.
As any warden will tell you, if deer are hungry enough they will get through
anything, which this year included an electric fence hooked to a charger supposedly
powerful enough to deter an elephant. So the farmer who’d helped me rig it up
assured me. What he did not tell me, because he did not know, was that the
insulating snowpack would prevent an animal from completing the circuit with the
ground. In came the deer like a school of piranhas. This was shortly after a man from
Connecticut purchased the hayfield behind our house for a price few of my neighbors
could afforded and none of them could believe and set about measuring the
foundations of a house.
What measure was NOT taken by the author to deter the deer?
A ： urine
B ： gun shots
C ： watchdog
D ： deodorant soup
正确答案： C
解析：
文章第二段倒数第二句话描写了作者为了驱赶鹿群使用到的工具，作者写到
了“repellents of blood meal, urine and deodorant soap.”没有提及watchdog，C正确。
99 、 不定项选择题
When we consider great painters of the past, the study of art and the study of illusion
cannot always be separated. By illusion I mean those contrivances of color, line,
shape, and forth that lead us to see marks on a flat surface as depicting three-
dimensional objects in space. I must emphasize that I am not making a plea,disguised or otherwise, for the exercise of illusionist tricks in painting today, although
I am, in fact rather critical of certain theories of non-representational art. But to
argue over these theories would be to miss the point. That the discoveries and effects
of representation that were the pride of earlier artists have become trivial today I
would not deny for a moment. Yet I believe that we are in real danger of losing
contact with past masters if we accept the fashionable doctrine that such matters
never had anything to do with art. The very reason why the representation of nature
can now be considered something commonplace should be of the greatest interest to
art historians. Never before has there been an age when the visual image was so
cheap in every sense of the word. We are surrounded and assailed by posters and
advertisements, comics and magazine illustrations. We see aspects of reality
represented on television, postage stamps, and food packages. Painting is taught in
school and practiced as a pastime, and many modest amateurs have mastered tricks
that would have looked like sheer magic to the 14th?century painter Giotto. Even the
crude colored renderings on a cereal box might have made Giotto’s contemporaries
gasp. Perhaps there are people who concluded from this that the cereal box is
superior to a Giotto; I do not. But I think that the victory and vulgarization of
representational skills create a problem for both art historians and critics. In this
connection it is instructive to remember the Greek saying that to marvel is the
beginning of knowledge and if we cease to marvel we may be in danger of ceasing to
know. I believe we must restore our sense of wonder at the capacity to conjure up by
forms, lines, shades, or colors those mysterious phantoms of visual reality we call
“pictures.” Even comics and advertisements, rightly viewed, provide food for
thought. Just as the study of poetry remains incomplete without an awareness of the
language of prose, so, I believe, the study of art will be increasingly supplemented by
inquiry into the “linguistics” of the visual image. The way the language of art refers
to the visible world is both so obvious and so mysterious that it is still largely
unknown except to artists who use it as we use all language—without needing to
know its grammar and semantics.
The author’s statement regarding how artists use the languages of art implies that
_____.
A ： artists are better equipped than art historians to provide detailed evaluations of
other artist’s work
B ： many artists have an unusually quick, intuitive understanding of language
C ： artists can produce works of art even if they cannot analyze their methods of
doing so
D ： artists of the past, such as Giotto, were better educated about artistic issues
than were artists of the author’s time
正确答案： A
解析：
文章最后一句：艺术的语言是既明显又神秘，艺术家可以并不需要知道它的语法和语义
就运用，就像我们使用语言一样。但其他人很少知道。由此可知，艺术家是比那些艺术
历史学家更懂得如何去欣赏其他艺术作品。
100 、 不定项选择题The miserable fate of Enron’s employees will be a landmark in business history, one
of those awful events that everyone agrees must never be allowed to happen again.
This urge is understandable and noble: thousands have lost virtually all their
retirement savings with the demise of Enron stock. But making sure it never happens
again may not be possible, because the sudden impoverishment of those Enron
workers represents something even larger than it seems. It’s the latest turn in the
unwinding of one of the most audacious promises of the 20th century.
The promise was assured economic security—even comfort—for essentially
everyone in the developed world. With the explosion of wealth, that began in the
19th century it became possible to think about a possibility no one had dared to
dream before. The fear at the center of daily living since caveman days—lack of food,
warmth, shelter—would at last lose its power to terrify. That remarkable promise
became reality in many ways. Governments created welfare systems for anyone in
need and separate programs for the elderly (Social Security in the U.S.). Labour
unions promised not only better pay for workers but also pensions for retirees. Giant
corporations came into being and offered the possibility—in some cases the
promise—of lifetime employment plus guaranteed pensions? The cumulative effect
was a fundamental change in how millions of people approached life itself, a reversal
of attitude that most rank as one of the largest in human history. For millennia the
average person’s stance toward providing for himself had been. Ultimately I’m on
my own. Now it became, ultimately I’ll be taken care of.
The early hints that this promise might be broken on a large scale came in the
1980s. U.S. business had become uncompetitive globally and began restructuring
massively, with huge Layoffs. The trend accelerated in the 1990s as the bastions of
corporate welfare faced reality. IBM ended its no-layoff policy. AT&T fired thousands,
many of whom found such a thing simply incomprehensible, and a few of whom
killed themselves. The other supposed guarantors of our economic security were also
in decline. Labour-union membership and power fell to their lowest levels in
decades. President Clinton signed a historic bill scaling back welfare. Americans
realized that Social Security won’t provide social security for any of us.
A less visible but equally significant trend affected pensions. To make costs
easier to control, companies moved away from defined benefit pension plans, which
obligate them to pay out specified amounts years in the future, to defined
contribution plans, which specify only how much goes into the play today. The most
common type of defined-contribution plan is the 401(k). the significance of the 401(k)
is that it puts most of the responsibility for a person’s economic fate back on the
employee. Within limits the employee must decide how much goes into the plan each
year and how it gets invested—the two factors that will determine how much it’s
worth when the employee retires.
Which brings us back to Enron? Those billions of dollars in vaporized retirement
savings went in employees’ 401(k) accounts. That is, the employees chose how
much money to put into those accounts and then chose how to invest it. Enron
matched a certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company
stock, so everyone was going to end up with some Enron in his or her portfolio; but
that could be regarded as a freebie, since nothing compels a company to match
employee contributions at all. At least two special features complicate the Enron
case. First, some shareholders charge top management with illegally covering up the
company’s problems, prompting investors to hang on when they should have sold.
Second, Enron’s 401(k) accounts were locked while the company changed plan
administrators in October, when the stock was falling, so employees could not have
closed their accounts if they wanted to.But by far the largest cause of this human tragedy is that thousands of
employees were heavily overweighed in Enron stock. Many had placed 100% of their
401(k) assets in the stock rather than in the 18 other investment options they were
offered. Of course that wasn’t prudent, but it’s what some of them did.
The Enron employees’ retirement disaster is part of the larger trend away from
guaranteed economic security. That’s why preventing such a thing from ever
happening again may be impossible. The huge attitudinal shift to I’ll-be-taken-care-
of took at least a generation. The shift back may take just as long. It won’t be
complete until a new generation of employees see assured economic comfort as a
20th-century quirk, and understand not just intellectually but in their bones that, like
most people in most times and places, they’re on their own.
Thousands of employees chose Enron as their sole investment option mainly because
_____.
A ： the 401(k) made them responsible for their own future
B ： Enron offered to add company stock to their investment
C ： their employers intended to cut back on pension spending
D ： Enron’s offer was similar to a defined-benefit plan
正确答案： B
解析：
从文章第四段可知，401(k)与以往的defined-benefit plan一个重要的不同在于，前者是
让职工在很大程度上去负责自己的经济命运（比如说自己决定要不要将那些钱做进一步
的投资），而后者则是让公司来负责。而第五段又进一步指出Enron的政策“matched a
certain proportion of each employee’s 401(k) contribution with company stock”即
职工在公司401(k)上的投资量与他将来可以获得的公司股份挂上钩。由此可推知，职工
们选择Enron作为其唯一的投资对象很可能是受了公司提供的这种免费的诱惑，故B项符
合。
