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未命名-10 1 19-12-12 上午10:19义 务 教 育 教 科 书
英语
八年级
下册
人民教育出版社 课程教材研究所
（中国）
英语课程教材研究开发中心 编著
（美国） 圣 智 学 习 集 团
·北 京·Copyright © 2013 by People’s Education Press Ltd. and Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means,
without permission in writing from the publisher.
版权共有，未经出版社书面同意，任何人不得以任何形式或方式复制或转换本作品的任何部分。
主 编：刘道义 郑旺全
David Nunan
副主编：张献臣 张雅君
主要编写人员：陆锡钦 张琳琳 熊金霞 辜翔宇 龚亚夫 李静纯 郭 娟 庄 力
Eden Brough Edward Yoshioka Hoi Kin Chiu Yuan Ting Soh
Jacqueline Eu Andrew Robinson Guy de Villiers Edward Vickers
责任编辑：陆锡钦 张琳琳
美术编辑：张 蓓
版面设计：马仕睿
插 图：严 峥（含封面） Edwin Ng
义务教育教科书 英语 八年级 下册
（中国）人民教育出版社 课程教材研究所
英 语 课 程 教 材 研 究 开 发 中 心 编著
（美国）圣 智 学 习 集 团
出 版
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同学们，你们好！欢迎你们进入新学期的英语学习！
本套教材是根据你们的心理特点、认知水平和兴趣爱好来编写的。
相信教材的以下特点会继续帮助你们学好英语：
1. 教材不仅要帮助你们学习英语语言知识，更重要的是要帮助你们
发展语言运用能力，让你们学会用英语表达思想、与人交流。
2. 教材充分考虑了你们的生活实际和学习需求，教材的内容和活动
都与你们的生活和兴趣紧密相连，目的是让你们在英语学习中不感到枯
燥乏味，而是有话可说、有话想说、有话能说。
3. 教材在重视培养你们的语言运用能力的同时，更加重视培养你们
的语言学习策略和技能。这些策略和技能是帮助你们进一步学好英语的
基础。
4. 教材为你们设计了许多具有交际意义的任务或活动，目的是让你
们在英语课堂上“活”起来、“动”起来。英语课堂教学需要你们的充分
参与，英语学习需要你们与老师合作、与同学交流。通过参与和互动，
你们的英语水平才会得到不断提高。
5. 教材进一步丰富了文化教学的内容，包括我们的民族文化、英语国
家的文化和非英语国家的文化。通过文化内容的学习，你们的视野会更开
阔，思想会更丰富，思维会更活跃，交流会更得体。
要想学好英语，光靠课本是不够的，你们还需要继续接触更多的英
语学习资源。学习英语没有捷径，只有多听、多说、多读、多写、多记、
多用才是最有效的办法。因此，你们要充分利用各种资源和机会来学习
英语。
同学们，继续努力吧！祝你们英语学习取得更大进步！Contents
Units Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling
Health and fi rst aid Talk about health Have for talking about health problems What’s the matt er? I have a stomachache. foot, knee, neck, stomach, throat, arm, back, ear, eye, hand,
➊
problems and matt er, cough, fever, headache, head, leg, mouth, nose,
Modal verbs should/shouldn’t for What’s the matt er with Ben?
What’s the accidents stomachache, toothache, nurse, tooth
suggestions He hurt himself.
matter? blood, rest, X-ray, situation, spirit,
Give advice temperature, dentist,
Refl exive pronouns Does he have a toothache? Yes, he does.
trouble, death
medicine, doctor, hospital
Page 1
What should she do?
hit, hurt, lie, rest
Modal verb should
She should take her temperature.
have a cold, take breaks, get off ,
If clause
right away, get into, cut off , give up
Volunteering and Off er help Infi nitives as object, adverbial and I’d like to help homeless people. feeling, interest, diffi culty, kindness, job, time, money, city park,
➋
charity object complement satisfaction old people’s home, animal
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the
I’ll help to
hospital
Modal verb could for suggestions kids and cheer them up. disabled, blind, deaf, lonely, strong,
clean up the
clever visit, teach, tell stories,
city parks. Phrasal verbs She volunteers there once a week to help
spend, help, decide
kids learn to read. clean up, cheer up, give out, hand
Page 9 out, give away, care for, fi x up, put put up, help out, give up,
I’m making some signs to put up around the
off , come up with, call up, take aft er, run out
school.
try out, set up
Infi nitives as object
Chores and Make polite requests Could for polite requests Could I go out for dinner with my friends? fl oor, mess, neighbor, rubbish, shirt, dish, bed, clothes,
➌
permission Sure, that should be OK. waste, stress room, home, work, job,
Ask for permission Could for permission
Could you homework, housework,
Could we get something to drink aft er the fold, sweep, throw, pass, borrow,
please clean parent, child, kid, teenager
movie? lend, hate, depend, develop, provide,
your room? No, you can’t. You have a basketball game drop clean, tidy, comfortable
tomorrow.
Page 17 fair, unfair take out, go out, stay out,
Could you please take the dog for a walk? help out, help with
all the time, as soon as, in order to,
OK, but I want to watch one show fi rst.
depend on, take care of Modal verbs can and have to
Interpersonal Talk about problems Why don’t you …? What should I do? communication, relation parent, homework, advice,
➍
communication Why don’t you forget about it? Although grade, test, fi ght
Give advice Conjunctions until, so that and allow, argue, cause, communicate,
Why don’t you she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal.
although compare, compete, continue, copy, study, write, call, talk, help,
talk to your
What should he do? explain, guess, off er, push, return hang out, relax, agree,
parents? He should talk to his friend so that he can disagree
wrong, quick, clear, crazy, nervous,
say he’s sorry.
Page 25 proper, typical, usual enough, tired, sorry, angry,
Maybe you could go to his house. lonely
instead, perhaps, secondly
I guess I could, but I don’t want to surprise
What’s the matt er?
look through, work out, get on with,
him.
compare ... with, in one’s opinion Modal verbs should and could
IIIIUnits Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling
Health and fi rst aid Talk about health Have for talking about health problems What’s the matt er? I have a stomachache. foot, knee, neck, stomach, throat, arm, back, ear, eye, hand,
➊
problems and matt er, cough, fever, headache, head, leg, mouth, nose,
Modal verbs should/shouldn’t for What’s the matt er with Ben?
What’s the accidents stomachache, toothache, nurse, tooth
suggestions He hurt himself.
matter? blood, rest, X-ray, situation, spirit,
Give advice temperature, dentist,
Refl exive pronouns Does he have a toothache? Yes, he does.
trouble, death
medicine, doctor, hospital
Page 1
What should she do?
hit, hurt, lie, rest
Modal verb should
She should take her temperature.
have a cold, take breaks, get off ,
If clause
right away, get into, cut off , give up
Volunteering and Off er help Infi nitives as object, adverbial and I’d like to help homeless people. feeling, interest, diffi culty, kindness, job, time, money, city park,
➋
charity object complement satisfaction old people’s home, animal
You could ask hospitals to let you visit the
I’ll help to
hospital
Modal verb could for suggestions kids and cheer them up. disabled, blind, deaf, lonely, strong,
clean up the
clever visit, teach, tell stories,
city parks. Phrasal verbs She volunteers there once a week to help
spend, help, decide
kids learn to read. clean up, cheer up, give out, hand
Page 9 out, give away, care for, fi x up, put put up, help out, give up,
I’m making some signs to put up around the
off , come up with, call up, take aft er, run out
school.
try out, set up
Infi nitives as object
Chores and Make polite requests Could for polite requests Could I go out for dinner with my friends? fl oor, mess, neighbor, rubbish, shirt, dish, bed, clothes,
➌
permission Sure, that should be OK. waste, stress room, home, work, job,
Ask for permission Could for permission
Could you homework, housework,
Could we get something to drink aft er the fold, sweep, throw, pass, borrow,
please clean parent, child, kid, teenager
movie? lend, hate, depend, develop, provide,
your room? No, you can’t. You have a basketball game drop clean, tidy, comfortable
tomorrow.
Page 17 fair, unfair take out, go out, stay out,
Could you please take the dog for a walk? help out, help with
all the time, as soon as, in order to,
OK, but I want to watch one show fi rst.
depend on, take care of Modal verbs can and have to
Interpersonal Talk about problems Why don’t you …? What should I do? communication, relation parent, homework, advice,
➍
communication Why don’t you forget about it? Although grade, test, fi ght
Give advice Conjunctions until, so that and allow, argue, cause, communicate,
Why don’t you she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal.
although compare, compete, continue, copy, study, write, call, talk, help,
talk to your
What should he do? explain, guess, off er, push, return hang out, relax, agree,
parents? He should talk to his friend so that he can disagree
wrong, quick, clear, crazy, nervous,
say he’s sorry.
Page 25 proper, typical, usual enough, tired, sorry, angry,
Maybe you could go to his house. lonely
instead, perhaps, secondly
I guess I could, but I don’t want to surprise
What’s the matt er?
look through, work out, get on with,
him.
compare ... with, in one’s opinion Modal verbs should and could
IIIIII
Page PBUnits Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling
Unforgett able events Talk about past events Conjunctions when and while What were you doing at eight last night? date, area, storm, wind, light, match, weather, news, neighbor,
➎
I was taking a shower. silence TV, radio, history
Tell a story Questions and statements with the
What were you
past progressive tense What was he doing when the rainstorm beat, begin, realize, report, rise happen, remember, start,
doing when
came? forget
strange, asleep
the rainstorm He was reading in the library when the
at nine o’clock, at 7:00 a.m.,
came? rainstorm came. completely, suddenly, heavily,
yesterday morning, last
recently
What was Jenny doing while Linda was night, 10 minutes ago
Page 33
go off , pick up, fall asleep, die down,
sleeping?
Days of the week, dates and
have a look, make one’s way,
While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was
times
take down, at fi rst
helping Mary with her homework.
Simple past tense
Legends and stories Tell a story Conjunctions unless, as soon as and How does the story begin? god, couple, husband, wife, object, story, mountain, fi ght,
➏
so ... that Once upon a time, there was a very old gold, silk, stick, stone, tail, voice, problem, opinion, side
An old man man ... ground
interesting, diff erent,
tried to move
What happened next? remind, fi t, hide, lead, marry, shine, famous, favorite
the mountains. As soon as the man fi nished talking, Yu smile, cheat
Simple present tense
Gong said that his family could continue to
Page 41 brave, stupid, silly, weak, Western, Simple past tense
move the mountains aft er he died.
magic
Past progressive tense
Why was Yu Gong trying to move the
once upon a time, turn ... into,
mountains?
fall in love, get married, a litt le bit,
Because they were so big that it took a long
instead of
time to walk to the other side.
Facts about the world Talk about geography Large numbers What’s the highest mountain in the world? nature, desert, ocean, square, mountain, kilometer, size,
➐
and nature Qomolangma. meter, bamboo, adult, illness, force, world, lake, river, sea,
Comparatives and superlatives with
What’s the population, condition, government, panda, elephant, country,
adjectives and adverbs How high is Qomolangma?
highest research, protection, achievement, scientist, fact
It’s 8,844.43 meters high. It’s higher than
mountain in any other mountain. excitement high, long, big, famous,
the world? achieve, include, protect, succeed, popular, strong
Did you know that China is one of the
weigh
oldest countries in the world? Making comparisons
Page 49
Yes, I did. It’s much older than the US. deep, wide, wild, thick, huge,
ancient, endangered
feel free, take in, walk into, fall over,
or so, as far as I know, in the face of,
at birth, up to
IIVVUnits Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling
Unforgettable events Talk about past events Conjunctions when and while What were you doing at eight last night? date, area, storm, wind, light, match, weather, news, neighbor,
➎
I was taking a shower. silence TV, radio, history
Tell a story Questions and statements with the
What were you
past progressive tense What was he doing when the rainstorm beat, begin, realize, report, rise happen, remember, start,
doing when
came? forget
strange, asleep
the rainstorm He was reading in the library when the
at nine o’clock, at 7:00 a.m.,
came? rainstorm came. completely, suddenly, heavily,
yesterday morning, last
recently
What was Jenny doing while Linda was night, 10 minutes ago
Page 33
go off, pick up, fall asleep, die down,
sleeping?
Days of the week, dates and
have a look, make one’s way,
While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was
times
take down, at first
helping Mary with her homework.
Simple past tense
Legends and stories Tell a story Conjunctions unless, as soon as and How does the story begin? god, couple, husband, wife, object, story, mountain, fight,
➏
so ... that Once upon a time, there was a very old gold, silk, stick, stone, tail, voice, problem, opinion, side
An old man man ... ground
interesting, different,
tried to move
What happened next? remind, fit, hide, lead, marry, shine, famous, favorite
the mountains. As soon as the man finished talking, Yu smile, cheat
Simple present tense
Gong said that his family would continue to
Page 41 brave, stupid, silly, weak, Western, Simple past tense
move the mountains after he died.
magic
Past progressive tense
Why was Yu Gong trying to move the
once upon a time, turn ... into,
mountains?
fall in love, get married, a little bit,
Because they were so big that it took a long
instead of
time to walk to the other side.
Facts about the world Talk about geography Large numbers What’s the highest mountain in the world? nature, desert, ocean, square, mountain, kilometer, size,
➐
and nature Qomolangma. meter, bamboo, adult, illness, force, world, lake, river, sea,
Comparatives and superlatives with
What’s the condition, government, research, panda, elephant, country,
adjectives and adverbs How high is Qomolangma?
highest protection, achievement, excitement scientist, fact
It’s 8,848.86 meters high. It’s higher than
mountain in any other mountain. achieve, include, protect, succeed, high, long, big, famous,
the world? weigh popular, strong
Did you know that China is one of the
oldest countries in the world? deep, wide, wild, thick, huge, Making comparisons
Page 49
Yes, I did. It’s much older than the US. ancient, endangered
feel free, take in, walk into, fall over,
or so, as far as I know, in the face of,
at birth, up to
V
Page PBUnits Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling
Literature and music Talk about Present perfect tense with already and Have you read Litt le Women yet? page, fi ction, pop, fan, million, record, book, writer, library, music,
➑
recent events and yet Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. line, success, beauty, technology song, singer, musician, CD
Have you read experiences
Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? treasure, island, ship, sand, land, read, fi nish, listen, feel
Treasure Island
Yes, she has. She thinks it’s fantastic. mark, gun, tool
fantastic, interesting,
yet?
Have you decided which book to write introduce, belong boring, favorite, famous,
Page 57 about yet? forever, abroad popular, successful
Yes, I have. I’ve already fi nished reading it.
Simple present tense
full of, hurry up, ever since,
It was really good.
one another Simple past tense
Simple future tense
Fun places Talk about past Present perfect tense with been, ever Have you ever been to a science museum? camera, toilet, province, spring, fox art, space, history, science,
➒
experiences and never No, I’ve never been to a science museum. nature, computer, tea,
collect, encourage, fear, progress
Have you ever museum, park, zoo, holiday
Have you ever visited the space museum?
rapid, peaceful, perfect, safe,
been to a
Yes, I have. I went there last year. visit, try, camp
unbelievable, unusual, social
museum?
I’ve never been to a water park. recently, yesterday, last
whenever, whether
Page 65 Me neither. year, in April, next week,
a couple of, thousands of, on the
tomorrow
one hand ... on the other hand ...,
Present perfect tense
all year round
Living environment Talk about Present perfect tense with since and for How long have you had that bike over there? yard sale, soft toy, bread maker, scarf, sale, bike, book, magazine,
➓
possessions and I’ve had it for three years. board game, hometown, memory, clothes, place, school, tree
I’ve had this things around you childhood
sell, give away, lose, need,
bike for three How long has his son owned the train and
own, search, hold, regard, consider keep, decide, raise, change,
years. railway set? appear, build, become, feel
certain, soft , sweet, truthful
He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Page 73 according to, to be honest, as for, old, favorite, useful, special,
sad, understanding
Have you ever played football? check out, part with, no longer,
Yes, I did when I was litt le, but I haven’t close to Present perfect tense
played for a while now.
Page 81 Notes on the Text
Page 96 Tapescripts
Page 108 Grammar
Page 114 Words and Expressions in Each Unit
Page 126 Vocabulary Index
Page 136 Irregular Verbs
VVIIUnits Topics Functions Structures Target Language Vocabulary Recycling
Literature and music Talk about Present perfect tense with already and Have you read Little Women yet? treasure, island, page, fisherman, book, writer, library, music,
➑
recent events and yet Yes, I have./No, I haven’t. shark, fiction, technology, pop, fan, song, singer, musician, CD
Have you read experiences success, beauty, million, record, line
Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? read, finish, listen, feel
Treasure Island
Yes, she has. She thinks it’s fantastic. pull, recommend, belong, introduce
fantastic, interesting,
yet?
Have you decided which book to write forever, abroad boring, favorite, famous,
Page 57 about yet? full of, hurry up, ever since, popular, successful
Yes, I have. I’ve already finished reading it.
one another Simple present tense
It was really good.
Simple past tense
Simple future tense
Fun places Talk about past Present perfect tense with been, ever Have you ever been to a science museum? camera, toilet, province, spring, fox art, space, history, science,
➒
experiences and never No, I’ve never been to a science museum. nature, computer, tea,
collect, encourage, fear, progress
Have you ever museum, park, zoo, holiday
Have you ever visited the space museum?
rapid, peaceful, perfect, safe,
been to a
Yes, I have. I went there last year. visit, try, camp
unbelievable, unusual, social
museum?
I’ve never been to a water park. recently, yesterday, last
whenever, whether
Page 65 Me neither. year, in April, next week,
a couple of, thousands of, on the
tomorrow
one hand ... on the other hand ...,
Present perfect tense
all year round
Living environment Talk about Present perfect tense with since and for How long have you had that bike over there? yard sale, soft toy, bread maker, scarf, sale, bike, book, magazine,
➓
possessions and I’ve had it for three years. board game, hometown, memory, clothes, place, school, tree
I’ve had this things around you childhood
sell, give away, lose, need,
bike for three How long has his son owned the train and
own, search, hold, regard, consider keep, decide, raise, change,
years. railway set? appear, build, become, feel
certain, soft, sweet, truthful
He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
Page 73 according to, to be honest, as for, old, favorite, useful, special,
sad, understanding
Have you ever played football? check out, part with, no longer,
Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t close to Present perfect tense
played for a while now.
Page 81 Notes on the Text
Page 96 Tapescripts
Page 108 Grammar
Page 114 Words and Expressions in Each Unit
Page 126 Vocabulary Index
Page 136 Irregular Verbs
VII
Page PBU 1
NIT
Section
A What’s the matter?
I have a sore back.
g
Language Goals:
Talk about health What’s the 5 h
matter? What’s the 4
problems and
matter?
i
accidents; I have a
I have a cold.
stomachache.
Give advice
k j
d l
a c m
e
3
1 2
f
b
1a Look at the picture. Write the correct letter [a–m] for each part of the body.
h arm back ear eye foot
hand head leg mouth
neck nose stomach tooth
1b Listen and look at the picture. Then number the names [1–5].
Nancy Sarah 1 David
Ben Judy
1c Look at the picture.
A: What’s the matter with Judy?
What are the students’
B: She talked too much yesterday and didn’t
problems? Make
drink enough water. She has a very sore
conversations.
throat now.
1UNIT 1
2a Listen and number the pictures [1–5] in the order you hear them.
2b Listen again. Match the problems with the advice.
1. fever a. lie down and rest
2. stomachache b. drink some hot tea with honey
3. cough and sore throat c. see a dentist and get an X-ray
4. toothache d. take your temperature
5. cut myself e. put some medicine on it
A: What’s the matter?
2c Make conversations using the
B: My head feels very hot.
information in 2a and 2b.
A: Maybe you have a fever …
B: …
2d Role-play the conversation.
Mandy: Lisa, are you OK?
Lisa: I have a headache and I can’t move my neck. What should I do? Should
I take my temperature?
Mandy: No, it doesn’t sound like you have a fever. What did you do on the
weekend?
Lisa: I played computer games all weekend.
Mandy: That’s probably why. You need to take breaks away from the computer.
Lisa: Yeah, I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
Mandy: I think you should lie down and rest. If your head and neck still hurt
tomorrow, then go to a doctor.
Lisa: OK. Thanks, Mandy.
2What’s the matter? UNIT 1
3a Read the passage. Do you think it comes from a newspaper or a book?
How do you know?
Bus Driver and Passengers Save an Old Man
At 9:00 a.m. yesterday, bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when
the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. A woman next to him
was shouting for help.
The bus driver, 24-year-old Wang Ping, stopped the bus without thinking
twice. He got off and asked the woman what happened. She said that the man
had a heart problem and should go to the hospital. Mr. Wang knew he had to
act quickly. He told the passengers that he must take the man to the hospital.
He expected most or all of the passengers to get off and wait for the next bus.
But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him. Some passengers helped
Mr. Wang to move the man onto the bus.
Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the
man was saved by the doctors in time. “It’s sad
that some people don’t want to help others
because they don’t want any trouble,” says one
passenger. “But the driver didn’t think about
himself. He only thought about saving a life.”
3b Read the passage again and check (4) the things that happened in the story.
1. Wang Ping was the driver of bus No. 26 at 9:00 a.m. yesterday.
2. Bus No. 26 hit an old man on Zhonghua Road.
3. The old man had a heart problem and needed to go to the hospital
right away.
4. The passengers on the bus did not want to go to the hospital, so only
Wang Ping went with the woman and old man.
5. Some passengers helped to get the old man onto the bus.
6. The old man got to the hospital in time.
3c Discuss the questions with a partner.
1. Why was Wang Ping surprised that the passengers agreed to go to the hospital
with him?
2. Did the passengers think Wang Ping did the right thing? How do you know?
3. Do you agree that people often do not help others because they do not
want to get into trouble? Why or why not?
3UNIT 1
Grammar
Focus
What’s the matter? I have a stomachache. You shouldn’t eat so
much next time.
What’s the matter with Ben? He hurt himself. He has a He should lie down and
sore back. rest.
Do you have a fever? Yes, I do./No, I don’t./I don’t know.
Does he have a toothache? Yes, he does. He should see a dentist
and get an X-ray.
What should she do? She should take her temperature.
Should I put some medicine on it? Yes, you should./No, you shouldn’t.
4a Fill in the blanks and practice the conversations.
1. A: I hurt when I played basketball yesterday. What I do?
B: You see a doctor and get an X-ray.
2. A: the matt er?
B: My sister and I sore throats. we go to school?
A: No, you .
3. A: Mike a fever?
B: No, he . He a stomachache.
A: He drink some hot tea.
4b Circle the best advice for these health problems. Th en add your own
advice.
1. Jenny cut herself. She should (get an X-ray / put some medicine on the cut).
My advice: .
2. Kate has a toothache. She should (see a dentist / get some sleep).
My advice: .
3. Mary and Sue have colds. Th ey shouldn’t (sleep / exercise).
My advice: .
4. Bob has a sore back. He should (lie down and rest / take his temperature).
My advice: .
4c One student mimes a problem. Th e
A: What’s the matt er? Did you
other students in your group guess the
hurt yourself playing soccer?
problem and give advice.
B: No, I didn’t.
Name Problem Advice C: Did you fall down?
Liu Peng fall down go home and rest B: Yes, I did.
D: You should go home and get
some rest.
4What’s the matter? UNIT 1
1a When these accidents happen, what should you do?
Section
Put the actions in order.
B
Put a bandage on it.
Run it under water.
Put some medicine on it.
Press the sides of your nose.
Go to the hospital. Put your head down.
Get an X-ray. Clean your face.
Rest for a few days.
1b Listen to the school nurse. Check (4) the problems you hear.
Problems Treatments Problems Treatments
Someone felt sick. 4 b, c Someone had a nosebleed.
Someone cut his knee. Someone hurt his back.
Someone had a fever. Someone got hit on the head.
1c Listen again. Write the letter of each treatment next to the problems
you checked in the chart above.
a. put a bandage on it
b. took his temperature
c. told him to rest
d. put some medicine on it
e. took him to the hospital to get an X-ray
f. told her to put her head down
1d Role-play a conversation between A: Who came to your office today?
the nurse and the teacher. Use the B: First, a boy came in. He hurt
information in 1b and 1c. himself in P.E. class.
A: What happened?
B: …
5
Page PBUNIT 1
2a Accidents or problems can sometimes happen when we do sports. Write
the lett er of each sport next to each accident or problem that can happen.
A = soccer B = mountain climbing C = swimming
fall down have problems breathing get hit by a ball
get sunburned cut ourselves hurt our back or arm
2b Read the passage and underline the words you don’t know. Th en look
up the words in a dictionary and write down their meanings.
Finding the Order of Events
He Lost His Arm
Writers describe events in a
But Is Still Climbing
certain order. Finding the order
Aron Ralston is an American man who is of the events will help you
interested in mountain climbing. As a mountain understand what you are reading.
climber, Aron is used to taking risks. Th is is one
of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports. Th ere were many times when
Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. On April 26, 2003, he found himself
in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.
On that day, Aron’s arm was caught under a 360-kilo
rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself
in the mountains. Because he could not free his arm,
he stayed there for fi ve days and hoped that someone
would fi nd him. But when his water ran out, he knew
that he would have to do something to save his own life.
He was not ready to die that day. So he used his knife to cut
off half his right arm. Th en, with his left arm, he bandaged
himself so that he would not lose too much blood. Aft er
that, he climbed down the mountain to fi nd help.
Aft er losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. Th is
means being in a diffi cult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. In this book,
Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of
one’s life. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains
even aft er this experience.
Do we have the same spirit as Aron? Let’s think about it before we fi nd ourselves
“between a rock and a hard place”,
Words Meanings
and before we have to make a
decision that could mean life or
death.
6What’s the matter? UNIT 1
2c Read the statements and circle True, False or Don’t Know.
1. Aron almost lost his life three times TRUE FALSE DON’T KNOW
because of climbing accidents.
2. Aron had a serious accident in April TRUE FALSE DON’T KNOW
2003.
3. Aron ran out of water aft er three days. TRUE FALSE DON’T KNOW
4. Aron wrote his book before his serious TRUE FALSE DON’T KNOW
accident.
5. Aron still goes mountain climbing. TRUE FALSE DON’T KNOW
22dd RReeaadd tthhee ppaassssaaggee aaggaaiinn aanndd aannsswweerr tthhee qquueessttiioonnss..
1. Where did the accident happen on April 26, 2003?
2. Why couldn’t Aron move?
3. How did Aron free himself?
4. What did Aron do aft er the accident?
5. What does “between a rock and a hard place” mean?
2e Put the sentences in the correct order. Th en use them to tell Aron’s
story to your partner. Try to add other details from the reading.
On April 26, 2003, he had a serious mountain climbing accident.
Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn’t mind taking risks.
Aron did not give up aft er the accident and keeps on climbing
mountains today.
He wrote a book about his experience.
Aron lost half his right arm from the 2003 accident.
3a Imagine you are the school nurse and a student just had an accident or a
health problem. Make notes about what he/she should and shouldn’t do.
Accident or health problem He/She should He/She shouldn’t
7
Page PBUNIT 1
3b Write a conversation between the nurse and the student using the notes
in 3a. Use the questions and phrases below to help you.
What’s the matt er?/What happened?/Are you OK?
No, I don’t feel well./I feel …/I have a …/Should I …?
You should …/You shouldn’t …
fell down/got hit by …/cut myself/hurt my …
Nurse:
Student:
Nurse:
Student:
Self Check
Head:
Back:
1 Write diff erent health
Throat:
problems next to the
Tooth:
body parts. Th en write
Stomach:
more health problems
Other problems:
you know of.
2 Put these questions and answers in order to make a conversation.
I hurt myself playing soccer. I have a sore leg. What should I do?
I think you should see a doctor and get an X-ray. OK, thanks. I’ll do that now.
What’s the matt er? Oh, that doesn’t sound good.
3 Write advice for these people.
1. Problem: Alan cut himself.
Advice:
2. Problem: Cindy has a headache.
Advice:
3. Problem: My cousins have bad colds.
Advice:
4. Problem: Jack hurt his back playing volleyball.
Advice:
8U 2
NIT
Section
A I’ll help to clean up
the city parks.
Language Goal:
1a Look at the ways you could help people in the
Offer help picture. Then list other ways.
I hope to work
outside.
You could
help to clean up the
city parks.
Other ways you could help people
1b Listen and number the ways the boy and girl could help others.
The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.
The boy could give out food at the food bank.
The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.
The boy could help to clean up the city parks.
1c Practice the conversation in the picture above. Then make other
conversations using the information in 1b.
9
Page PBUNIT 2
2a A group of students are planning a City Park Clean-Up Day. Listen and
check (✔) the things they are going to do to tell people about it.
a c e
b d
2b Listen again. Fill in the blanks.
1. We need to a plan to tell people about the city
park clean-up.
2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now. We can’t
making a plan.
3. We could signs.
4. Let’s make some notices, too. Th en I’ll them aft er school.
5. We could each 10 students and ask them to come.
2c Make a conversation using the information in 2a and 2b.
A: We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean-Up Day.
B: Let’s have lunch fi rst.
A: No, we need to start now. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.
2d Role-play the conversation.
Helen: Hi, Tom. I’m making some plans to work in an old people’s home this
summer.
Tom: Really? I did that last summer!
Helen: Oh, what did they ask you to help out with?
Tom: Mm … things like reading the newspaper to the old people, or just
talking to them. Th ey told me stories about the past and how things used
to be.
Helen: Th at sounds interesting.
Tom: Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. We should listen to them and care for
them.
Helen: You’re right. I mean, we’re all going to be old one day, too.
10I’ll help to clean up the city parks. UNIT 2
3a Read the article. What do Mario and Mary volunteer to do?
Students Who Volunteer
Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several
hours each week to help others.
Mario loves animals and wants to be an animal
doctor. He volunteers at an animal hospital every
Saturday morning. Mario believes it can help him
to get his future dream job. “It’s hard work,” he says,
“but I want to learn more about how to care for
animals. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction
when I see the animals get bett er and the look of
joy on their owners’ faces.”
Mary is a book lover. She could read by herself at the age of four. Last
year, she decided to try out for a volunteer aft er-school reading program.
SShhee ssttiillll wwoorrkkss tthheerree oonnccee aa wweeeekk ttoo hheellpp
kkiiddss lleeaarrnn ttoo rreeaadd.. ““ThTh ee kkiiddss aarree ssiitttt iinngg iinn
tthhee lliibbrraarryy,, bbuutt yyoouu ccaann sseeee iinn tthheeiirr eeyyeess tthhaatt
tthheeyy’’rree ggooiinngg oonn aa ddiiffff eerreenntt jjoouurrnneeyy wwiitthh
eeaacchh nneeww bbooookk.. VVoolluunntteeeerriinngg hheerree iiss aa ddrreeaamm
ccoommee ttrruuee ffoorr mmee.. II ccaann ddoo wwhhaatt II lloovvee ttoo ddoo
aanndd hheellpp ootthheerrss aatt tthhee ssaammee ttiimmee..””
3b Read the article again and answer the questions.
1. Why do Mario and Mary volunteer to help others?
2. What do they say about volunteering?
3c Use infi nitives to complete the sentences below.
1. Mario would like an animal doctor.
2. Mario works for an animal hospital because he wants about
how for animals.
3. Mary decided for a job at an aft er-school reading program last
year. She still works there now kids learn to read.
4. Mary has a dream job because she can do what she loves .
11
Page PBUNIT 2
Grammar
Focus
I’d like to help homeless people. She decided to try out for a volunteer
after-school reading program.
You could ask hospitals to let you visit Mario believes it can help him to get his
the kids and cheer them up. future dream job.
She volunteers there once a week to help I’m making some signs to put up around
kids learn to read. the school.
4a Fill in the blanks with the phrasal verbs in the box.
1. I want to my plan to work in an animal hospital
put up until next summer. I’m too busy with my studies this year.
hand out 2. She hopes to at least five primary schools to ask if
call up they need volunteers for their after-school programs.
cheer up 3. Our class is trying to some ideas to
come up with sick children because they are often sad.
give out 4. We decided to signs around the school and
put off notices to tell students about the book sale. We
will the money from the sale to homeless people.
4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
help move do make visit spend
Some people today are only worried about getting good jobs lots of
money. In their free time, they think about what for fun. However,
few people think about what they can do others. There are many
people who are less lucky than us. Volunteering our time to help these people is a
good way our free time. For example, we can make plans
sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people. Some people
even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year to another
place, like one of the countries in Africa, and help people there.
4c Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Use infinitives.
1. I’d like to volunteer .
2. At 12:00 midnight, I called my friend .
3. I’m very busy but I could help .
4. Summer vacation is coming, and I want .
5. I want to travel alone. My parents told me (not) .
12I’ll help to clean up the city parks. UNIT 2
1a Match the sentences with similar meanings.
Section
b 1. I’ve run out of it. a. I repaired it.
B
2. I take aft er my mother. b. I don’t have any more of it.
3. I fi xed it up. c. I’m similar to her.
4. I gave it away. d. I didn’t keep it.
1b Match the phrasal verbs with the nouns. Th en make sentences with the
phrases.
my bike I gave away my bike to a children‛s home.
mmoonneeyy
run out of
mmyy ffaatthheerr
take after
oolldd ccllootthheess
fi x up
give away
1c Listen and number the pictures [1–4] in the correct order.
a b c d
1d Listen again. Circle T for true or F for false.
1. Jimmy fi xes up broken bicycle parts, like wheels. T F
2. Jimmy sells bikes. T F
3. Jimmy takes aft er his mother. T F
4. Jimmy has run out of money. T F
1e Role-play a conversation between Jimmy
A: What do you do, Jimmy?
and the reporter. Use the information in
B: I fi x up ...
1c and 1d.
13
Page PBUNIT 2
2a How do you usually thank someone who helps you? Discuss this with a
partner.
2b Read the lett er and answer the questions.
1. Who wrote the lett er to Miss Li? Why?
Understanding Parts of Speech
2. What did Miss Li do?
Knowing what part of speech a
word is (noun, verb, preposition,
etc.) can help you understand
Dear Miss Li,
the word’s meaning.
I’d like to thank you for giving money to Animal
HHeellppeerrss.. II’’mm ssuurree yyoouu kknnooww tthhaatt tthhiiss ggrroouupp wwaass sseett uupp ttoo hheellpp ddiissaabblleedd ppeeooppllee
like me. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. Lucky makes a
big diff erence to my life. Let me tell you my story.
What would it be like to be blind or deaf? Or imagine you can’t walk or use your
hands easily. Most people would never think about this, but many people have
these diffi culties. I can’t use my arms or legs well, so normal things like answering
the telephone, opening and closing doors, or carrying things are diffi cult for me.
Th en one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out. She talked to Animal
Helpers about gett ing me a special trained dog. She also thought a dog might
cheer me up. I love animals and I was excited about the idea of having a dog.
Aft er six months of training with a dog at Animal Helpers, I was able to bring him
home. My dog’s name is Lucky — a good name for him because I feel very lucky to
have him. You see, I’m only able to have a “dog helper” because of your kindness!
Lucky is very clever and understands many English words. He can understand me
when I give him orders. For example, I say, “Lucky! Get my book,” and he does it
at once.
LLuucckkyy iiss aa ffaannttaassttiicc ddoogg.. II’’llll sseenndd yyoouu aa pphhoottoo ooff
him if you like, and I could show you how he
helps me. Th ank you again for changing my life.
Best wishes,
Ben Smith
14I’ll help to clean up the city parks. UNIT 2
2c Look at the list of words below. Circle the part of speech of each word
and make your own sentences with these words.
1. group ( adj. / n. )
2. disabled ( adj. / adv. )
3. difference ( adv. / n. )
4. imagine ( v. / n. )
5. difficulties ( n. / adj. )
6. normal ( adv. / adj. )
7. training ( adv. / n. )
8. kindness ( n. / v. )
2d Use the information in the letter to make true sentences by matching
the different parts.
SUBJECT VERB OBJECT
Miss Li can get a letter to Miss Li.
Ben Smith trains money to Animal Helpers.
Lucky sent animals like Lucky.
Animal Helpers wrote things for disabled people.
2e Discuss the questions with a partner.
1. In what other ways do you think dogs are able to help people?
2. What other animals can we train to help people?
3a Look at these kinds of volunteer work. Can you add more? What would
you like to do? Discuss it with a partner.
● Working in an old people’s home
● Helping kids in an after-school program
● Being a guide at a museum
15
Page PBUNIT 2
3b Write a letter or e-mail to the place you want to volunteer at.
Which volunteer job do you want to do? I’d like to / I’m interested in / I want to volunteer as
What are your interests and hobbies? …
I’m good at / I’m strong in / In my free time, I like
How can these help you to do the job?
to … so I think I’d be good at this job.
Why do you want to do the volunteer
I want to help out as a volunteer in your old people’s
job?
home / school / museum / group because …
When are you free to do the job? I’m free to help in / on …
Dear Sir or Madam,
Yours truly,
Self Check
1 Fill in each blank with a possible verb to make a phrasal verb.
1. up 3. away 5. after
2. off 4. out of 6. up with
2 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrasal verbs or infinitives.
I go to school in a small town. Last month, a volunteer teacher from
Beijing came to our school us English. At first, we were too shy
to her. But then she with some really fun activities for
an English party. She told us some signs around the school and
notices to tell people about it. It was interesting English
in this way. The teacher also taught us how the guitar. She even
some free books. It will be hard such a wonderful
teacher.
16U 3
NIT
Section
A Could you please clean your room?
Language Goals:
Make polite
requests;
Sure,
Ask for Mom.
permission
Peter, could you please
take out the rubbish?
1a Do you do these chores at home? Discuss them with your partner.
1. do the dishes 2. take out the rubbish 3. fold your clothes
4. sweep the floor 5. make your bed 6. clean the living room
1b Listen. Who will do these chores? Check (4) Peter’s mother or Peter.
Chores Peter’s mother Peter
do the dishes
sweep the floor
take out the rubbish
make the bed
fold the clothes
clean the living room
A: Could you please sweep the floor?
1c Make conversations about the B: Yes, sure. Can you do the dishes?
chores in 1a. A: Well, could you please do them?
I’m going to clean the living room.
B: No problem.
17UNIT 3
2a Listen. Peter asks his father if he can do four things. What does his
father say? Check (4) yes or no.
Peter wants to ... Peter’s father says ... His father’s reasons
go out for dinner. 4 yes no I have to do some work.
go to the movies. yes no You have to clean your room.
stay out late. yes no I need to eat breakfast.
get a ride. yes no You have a basketball game.
2b Listen again. Why does Peter’s father say “no”? Draw lines to the reasons
in the chart in 2a.
2c Make conversations between Peter and his father.
A: Could I use your computer?
B: Sorry. I’m going to work on it now.
A: Well, could I watch TV?
B: Yes, you can, but first you have to clean your room.
2d Role-play the conversation.
Sister: Tony, could you please help out with a few things?
Brother: Could I at least finish watching this show?
Sister: No. I think two hours of TV is enough for you!
Brother: Fine. What do you want me to do?
Sister: Could you take out the rubbish, fold the clothes and do the dishes?
Brother: So much?
Sister: Yes, because Mom will be back
from shopping any minute now.
And she won’t be happy if she sees
this mess.
Brother: But the house is already pretty
clean and tidy!
Sister: Yes, well, it’s clean, but it’s not
“mother clean”!
18Could you please clean your room? UNIT 3
3a Read the story and answer the questions.
1. Why was Nancy’s mom angry with her?
2. Did they solve the problem? How?
Last month, our dog welcomed me
when I came home from school. He
wanted a walk, but I was too tired.
I threw down my bag and went to the
living room. Th e minute I sat down in
front of the TV, my mom came over.
“Could you please take the dog for a
walk?” she asked.
“Could I watch one show fi rst?” I asked.
“No!” she replied angrily. “You watch TV all the time and never help out
around the house! I can’t work all day and do housework all evening.”
“Well, I work all day at school, too! I’m just as tired as you are!” I shouted
back.
My mom did not say anything and walked away. For one week, she did not
do any housework and neither did I. Finally, I could not fi nd a clean dish or
a clean shirt.
Th e next day, my mom came home from work to fi nd the house clean and
tidy.
“What happened?” she asked in surprise.
“I’m so sorry, Mom. I fi nally understand that we need to share the housework
to have a clean and comfortable home,” I replied.
3b Read the sentences below. Underline the sentences from the reading
that mean the same thing.
1. Neither of us did any housework for a week.
2. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.
3. You’re tired, but I’m tired, too.
3c Decide whether the underlined words in the sentences are verbs or nouns.
Th en write another sentence using the underlined word in the other form.
1. Could you take the dog for a walk? (noun) → I walked home from school. (verb)
2. Could I watch one show fi rst?
3. I can’t work all day.
4. You watch TV all the time.
5. “What happened?” she asked in surprise.
19
Page PBUNIT 3
Grammar
Focus
Could I go out for dinner with my friends? Sure, that should be OK.
Could we get something to drink after the movie? No, you can’t. You have a
basketball game tomorrow.
Could you please take the dog for a walk? OK, but I want to watch one
show first.
Could you please take out the rubbish? Yes, sure.
4a Write R for requests and P for permission. Then match each one with
the correct response.
1. Could I hang out with my friends a. Yes, here you are.
after the movie? b. Hmm. How much do you need?
2. Could you please pass me that c. Yes, sure. No problem. I finished reading
tool bag?
it last night.
3. Could I borrow that book? d. Yes, but don’t come back too late.
4. Could you help me do the dishes? e. No, I can’t. I cut my finger and I’m trying
5. Could you lend me some money? not to get it wet.
4b Fill in the blanks in the conversation.
A: I hate to chores.
B: Well, I hate some chores too, but I like other chores.
A: Really? Great! I ask you to me with some chores then?
B: What do you need help with?
A: you please my clothes for me?
B: I don’t want to do that! It’s boring!
A: OK. Then you do the dishes for me?
B: Sure, no problem. But we go to the movies after that?
A: Sure. I’ll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. Then we
can go to the movies.
4c Make a list of things your group needs to do To-do list Name
for a camping trip. Then discuss who will do
bring a tent Liu Chang
them and complete the chart.
A: Could you please bring a tent, Liu Chang?
B: Sure. And could you please ...?
C: Sorry, I can’t. I have to ...
20Could you please clean your room? UNIT 3
1a What do teenagers ask their parents’ permission
Section
for? What do parents ask their teenagers to do?
Write parents or teenagers next to each phrase.
B
4 1. buy some drinks and snacks teenagers
2. borrow some money
3. clean your room
4. invite my friends to a party
5. go to the store
6. use your CD player
7. take out the rubbish
8. make your bed
1b Use the phrases in 1a to make conversations.
Parent: Could you clean your Child: Could I invite my friends to a party?
room? Parent: No, you can’t have a party. You
Child: Yes, I can. have a test on Monday.
1c Listen to a conversation between Sandy and her mom. Check (4) the
things in 1a that you hear.
1d Listen again. Fill in the chart.
People What are they going to do?
Sandy’s mom
Sandy invite her friends,
Sandy and Dave
1e You are having a party. Ask your partner for help with these things:
go to the store buy drinks and snacks do the dishes
clean the living room take out the rubbish
A: Could you please take out the rubbish?
B: Yes, sure.
21UNIT 3
2a Discuss the questions with your partner.
1. What do you often do to help your parents at home?
2. Do you think kids should help out with chores at home?
2b The Sunday Mail magazine invited parents to write about whether they
think young people should do chores at home. Read the following letters.
Which one agrees and which one disagrees?
Dear Sir,
I do not understand why some parents make their Skimming
kids help with housework and chores at home. Kids
This means looking quickly
these days already have enough stress from school. through a piece of writing to
They do not have time to study and do housework, find the main idea without
too. Housework is a waste of their time. Could we reading every word. It is still
just let them do their job as students? They should a good idea to read the first
spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good sentence in each paragraph
grades and get into a good university. Also, when a little more carefully.
they get older, they will have to do housework so
there is no need for them to do it now. It is the parents’ job
to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home
for their children. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so
difficult. I do not mind doing them.
Ms. Miller
Dear Sir,
I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their
parents with housework. It is not enough to just get good grades at school.
Children these days depend on their parents too much. They are always asking,
“Could you get this for me?” or “Could you help me with that?” Doing chores
helps to develop children’s independence and teaches them how to look after
themselves. It also helps them to understand the idea of fairness. Since they live
in one house with their parents, they should know that everyone should do their
part in keeping it clean and tidy. Our neighbors’ son got into a good college but
during his first year, he had no idea how to take care of himself. As a result, he
often fell ill and his grades dropped. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the
better it is for their future.
Mr. Smith
22Could you please clean your room? UNIT 3
2c According to Ms. Miller and Mr. Smith, what are the pros and cons
about kids doing chores?
Pros Cons
Doing chores helps to develop Housework is a waste of children‛s
children‛s independence. time.
2d Write one sentence with each phrase from the lett ers.
1. a waste of time
2. there is no need for ... to
3. do not mind
4. spend time on
5. in order to
6. it is not enough to
7. the earlier … the bett er
2e Discuss the questions with a partner.
1. Which lett er do you agree with? Why?
2. What would you say to the person who wrote
the lett er you don’t agree with?
3a Do you think children should do some chores at home? Why or why
not? Discuss this with a partner and take notes.
Children should do chores Children should not do
because … chores because …
23
Page PBUNIT 3
3b Write a letter to the Sunday Mail and express your opinion.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I think/believe that .
I agree/disagree that .
I think it is fair/unfair for children to .
I think children should/should not
because .
For example, they should/should not
because .
Yours truly,
Self Check
1 Make a list of chores using these verbs.
1. do
2. clean
3. make
4. fold
5. sweep
6. take out
2 Are these polite requests or permission? Write the numbers in
the correct places in the chart.
1. Could you please do your homework?
Requests Permission
2. Could I watch TV?
3. Could you take out the rubbish first?
4. Could I use your computer?
5. Could I leave now?
6. Could you come back before nine?
3 Use the questions in activity 2 to write a conversation.
A:
B:
...
24U 4
NIT
Section
A Why don’t you talk to your parents?
Language Goals:
Talk about
problems;
Give advice
1a Look at these problems. Do you think they are serious or not? Write
them in the appropriate box.
1. I have to study until really late, so I don’t get enough sleep.
2. I have too much homework so I don’t have any free time to do things I like.
3. My parents don’t allow me to hang out with my friends.
4. I have to take more lessons after school.
5. I got into a fight with my best friend.
Serious Not serious
1b Listen and circle the problems you hear in 1a.
A: What’s wrong?
1c Look at the problems
B: I’m really tired because I studied until really late
in 1a and make
last night, so I didn’t get enough sleep.
conversations.
A: Why don’t you go to sleep earlier this evening?
25
Page PBUNIT 4
2a Listen. Peter’s friend is giving him advice. Fill in the blanks with could
or should.
Advice
1. You write him a letter. ( )
2. You call him up. ( )
3. You talk to him so that you can say you’re sorry. ( )
4. You go to his house. ( )
5. You take him to the ball game. ( )
2b Listen again. Why doesn’t Peter like his friend’s advice? Write the
letters (a–e) next to the advice in 2a.
Why Peter doesn’t like the advice
a. It’s not easy.
b. I don’t want to wait that long.
c. I don’t want to surprise him.
d. I’m not good at writing letters.
e. I don’t want to talk about it on the phone.
2c Role-play a conversation between Peter and his friend.
A: What’s the matter, Peter?
B: I had a fight with my best friend. What should I do?
A: Well, you should call him so that you can say
you’re sorry.
2d Role-play the conversation.
Dave: You look sad, Kim. What’s wrong?
Kim: Well, I found my sister looking through my things yesterday. She took
some of my new magazines and CDs.
Dave: Hmm … that’s not very nice. Did she give them back to you?
Kim: Yes, but I’m still angry with her. What should I do?
Dave: Well, I guess you could tell her to say sorry. But why don’t you forget
about it so that you can be friends again? Although she’s wrong, it’s not
a big deal.
Kim: You’re right. Thanks for your advice.
Dave: No problem. Hope things work out.
26Why don’t you talk to your parents? UNIT 4
3a Look at this lett er to a magazine and the reply from Robert Hunt, a
school counselor. Complete the chart.
Dear Mr. Hunt,
My problem is that I can’t get on with my family. Relations between my parents
have become diffi cult. Th ey fi ght a lot, and I really don’t like it. It’s the only
communication they have. I don’t know if I should say anything to them about
this. When they argue, it’s like a big, black cloud hanging over our home. Also, my
elder brother is not very nice to me. He always refuses to let me watch my favorite
TV show. Instead he watches whatever he wants
until late at night. I don’t think this is fair. At home
I always feel lonely and nervous. Is that normal?
What can I do?
Sad and Th irteen
Dear Sad and Th irteen,
It’s not easy being your age, and it’s normal to have
these feelings. Why don’t you talk about these feelings with your family? If your
parents are having problems, you should off er to help. Maybe you could do more
jobs around the house so that they have more time for proper communication.
Secondly, why don’t you sit down and communicate with your brother? You should
explain that you don’t mind him watching TV all the time. However, he should let
you watch your favorite show. I hope things will be bett er for you soon.
Robert Hunt Problems Advice
3b Do you agree or disagree with Mr. Hunt’s advice? Why?
I agree/disagree with his advice because …
3c Which words or phrases in the lett ers have the same or similar meanings
aass tthhee ffoolllloowwiinngg?? WWrriittee aa sseenntteennccee uussiinngg eeaacchh wwoorrdd oorr pphhrraassee..
make sth. clear — explain Can you explain to me how to do this math problem?
talk —
not allow —
worried —
get along with —
2277
Page PBUNIT 4
Grammar
Focus
You look tired. What’s the I did my homework until really late last night, so I
matter? didn’t get enough sleep.
Why don’t you forget about it? Although she’s wrong,
What should I do?
it’s not a big deal.
He should talk to his friend so that he can say he’s
What should he do?
sorry.
Maybe you could go to his
I guess I could, but I don’t want to surprise him.
house.
4a Fill in the blanks with although, so that or until.
1. A: What’s wrong?
B: My sister borrows my clothes without asking. What should I do?
A: Well, you could tell her that this makes you angry she’ll ask
you next time.
2. A: I don’t have any friends at my new school. What should I do?
B: you don’t have any now, you will soon make some.
3. A: I’m worried about my school grades. What’s your advice?
B: You shouldn’t wait the last minute to study for a test.
4. A: Mike is my best friend, but he always copies my homework. What should
I do?
B: he’s your best friend, you should still tell him that copying
others’ homework is wrong.
4b Write one piece of advice for each problem. Then compare your advice
with your partner’s and decide whether the advice is good or bad.
1. I’m very shy. Advice:
2. My sister and I fight all the time. Advice:
3. My sister spends all evening on the phone. Advice:
4. My cousin borrows my things without returning them. Advice:
5. My parents won’t let me have a pet. Advice:
4c Choose one of the problems and
ask your classmates for advice. Problems
Decide which classmate has the
You left your homework at home.
best advice.
Your best friend is more popular than you.
A: My best friend is more popular than me. You are afraid of speaking in front of people.
I want to be like him. What should I do? Your best friend does not trust you anymore.
B: You could try to be friendlier. Your parents always argue.
C: You should just be yourself.
28Why don’t you talk to your parents? UNIT 4
1a What activities do you like to do to help lower your
Section
stress? Order them [1–8] with 1 being the most
favorite thing you do to lower stress.
B
play sports
hang out with friends
talk to parents or other family members
spend time alone
play computer games
read books
watch movies
other:
1b Tell your partner about your answers in 1a.
1c Listen and check (4) the problems Wei Ming talks about.
My parents give me a lot of pressure about school.
I don’t get enough sleep.
I don’t have enough free time.
I had a fight with my parents.
I have to compete with my classmates at school.
1d Listen again. What advice does Alice give to Wei Ming? Fill in the blanks.
1. Although you may be with your parents, you should talk
to them. Ask them why they give you so much .
2. Life shouldn’t just be about . Free time activities like
and hanging out with friends are important, too.
3. You shouldn’t with your classmates to get better grades.
You should all be each other to improve.
1e What is your advice for Wei Ming? Tell your partner and say why.
A: I think Wei Ming should …
B: Why?
A: Because …
29
Page PBUNIT 4
2a Check (4) the after-school activities you and your classmates usually do.
do homework use the Internet
have after-school lessons hang out with friends
watch movies play sports or exercise
2b Read the article and answer the questions.
1. What is the common problem for many students these days?
2. Who gives their opinions about the problem?
Guessing the Meaning
When reading something
Maybe You Should Learn to Relax! for the first time, do not
worry about words you
These days, many parents push their children into
do not know. Use the
learning more skills. They believe it helps their kids to
context to help you guess
better compete in life. However, such a busy life can
the meaning.
place great pressure on students.
The Taylors are a typical American family. Life for Cathy Taylor’s three children
is very busy. “On most days after school,” Cathy says, “I take one of my two boys
to basketball practice and my daughter to football training. Then I have to take my
other son to piano lessons. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but I
believe these activities are important for my children’s future. I really want them
to be successful.” However, the tired children don’t get home until after 7:00 p.m.
They have a quick dinner, and then it’s time for homework.
Linda Miller, a mother of three, knows all about such
stress. “In some families, competition starts very young
and continues until the kids get older,” she says. “Mothers
send their small kids to all kinds of classes. And they are
always comparing them with other children. It’s crazy. I
don’t think that’s fair. Why don’t they just let their kids be
kids? People shouldn’t push their kids so hard.”
Doctors say too much pressure is not good for a child’s
development. Dr. Alice Green says all these activities can
cause a lot of stress for children. “Kids should have time to
relax and think for themselves, too. Although it’s normal
to want successful children, it’s even more important to
have happy children.”
30Why don’t you talk to your parents? UNIT 4
2c Look at the words in bold in the article. Can you guess their meanings?
Try to match them with the meanings below.
1. Keeps on happening
2. Lasting for only a short time
3. Make something happen
4. Usual or common
5. Encourage someone to do something or to work hard
6. Getting better or bigger
7. Looking for differences and similarities between things
2d Read the article again and answer the questions.
1. Does Cathy Taylor think it’s important for kids to join after-school
activities?
2. Does Linda Miller agree with Cathy? What’s her opinion?
3. Does Dr. Green agree with Cathy or Linda? What does she say?
2e Discuss the questions with your partner.
1. What do you think of after-school activities?
2. What should you do to relax?
3a A magazine interviewed some parents about after-school classes for
children. Read the opinions below and make notes on your own opinions.
Why should children take
Your opinions
after-school classes?
1. “After-school classes can help kids Agree:
get into a good university.”
2. “I want my child to be a successful
person.” Disagree:
3. “It’s good for children to start
learning from a young age.”
31UNIT 4
3b Write a lett er to the magazine to express your opinions on aft er-school
classes for children. Use the following expressions to help you.
Try to write two paragraphs.
First, say if you agree or disagree. Th en, explain why.
Dear …, In my opinion, it is important for
children/parents to …
I don’t really agree with … because …
I believe it is bett er if children/parents
Although some parents are right
… so that …
about …, I think children should …
Perhaps children/parents should/could
…
If children …, they will …
Self Check
1 Fill in the blanks using until, so that or although.
1. You should eat more now you won’t be hungry later.
2. you may not like to do chores, you should help your parents
around the house.
3. You could save more money you can buy a gift for your
friend’s birthday.
4. Kids shouldn’t play computer games late at night. Th ey
should rest early.
5. many people like to eat junk food, they should really eat
more fruit and vegetables they can be healthy.
2 For each problem, choose the advice you agree with more.
Th en write your own advice.
1. My best friend and I had a fi ght, and now she won’t speak to me.
A. You should keep trying to talk to her until she talks to you.
B. Why don’t you wait a few more days before talking to her?
My advice:
2. My friend wants me to go to a party on the weekend, but I want to study
for my exams next week.
A. Why don’t you just go to the party? It’ll help you to relax.
B. You should study for the exams because they’re more important than
a party.
My advice:
3. My brother watches television while I’m trying to study.
A. Why don’t you tell him to do something quiet when you’re studying?
B. You could tell him to turn down the TV.
My advice:
32U 5
NIT
Section
A What were you doing when the
rainstorm came?
Language Goals: c
a
Talk about past
events;
Tell a story
What were people
doing yesterday at the time
of the rainstorm?
d
b
1a Where were the people at the time of the rainstorm? Match the
statements with the people in the picture.
1. I was in the library. 3. I was on the street.
2. I was in my house. 4. I was at the bus stop.
1b Listen to the TV report and circle the correct responses.
a. doing my homework / studying
b. playing basketball / reading
c. going to work / waiting for the bus
d. walking home / shopping
A: What was the girl doing at
1c Talk about what the people in 1a were
the time of the rainstorm?
doing at the time of the rainstorm.
B: She was …
33
Page PBUNIT 5
2a Listen and number the pictures [1–5].
I so busy My alarm didn’t go off so I I took a hot shower and
for the up late. some warm
umbrella that I didn’t see food.
a car coming.
I for I to
the bus when it began the bus stop but I still
to rain heavily. missed the bus.
2b Listen again. Fill in the blanks in the sentences in 2a.
2c Use the information in 2a to retell the story in a conversation between
the boy and a TV reporter.
TV reporter: Tell us what happened yesterday morning.
Boy: ...
TV reporter: So, when the rainstorm suddenly came, what were you doing?
Boy: ...
2d Role-play the conversation.
Mary: What were you doing last night, Linda? I called at seven and you didn’t
pick up.
Linda: Oh, I was in the kitchen helping my mom.
Mary: I see. I called again at eight and you didn’t answer then either.
Linda: What was I doing at eight? Oh, I know. When you called, I was taking a
shower.
Mary: But then I called again at nine.
Linda: Oh, I was sleeping at that time.
Mary: So early? Th at’s strange.
Linda: Yeah, I was tired. Why did you call so many times?
Mary: I needed help with my homework. So while you were sleeping, I called
Jenny and she helped me.
34What were you doing when the rainstorm came? UNIT 5
3a Read the passage and answer the
1. What was the weather like
questions.
before the heavy rain started?
2. What was the neighborhood
Th e Storm Brought People like aft er the storm?
Closer Together
Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. Black clouds were
making the sky very dark. With no light outside, it felt like midnight. Th e news on
TV reported that a heavy rainstorm was in the area.
Everyone in the neighborhood was busy. Ben’s dad was putt ing pieces of wood
over the windows while his mom was making sure the fl ashlights and radio were
working. She also put some candles and matches on the table.
Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against
the windows. Aft er dinner, they tried to play a card game, but it was hard to have
fun with a serious storm happening outside.
Ben could not sleep at fi rst. He fi nally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at
aarroouunndd 33::0000 aa..mm.. WWhheenn hhee wwookkee uupp,, tthhee ssuunn wwaass
rriissiinngg.. HHee wweenntt oouuttssiiddee wwiitthh hhiiss ffaammiillyy aanndd ffoouunndd tthhee
nneeiigghhbboorrhhoooodd iinn aa mmeessss.. FFaalllleenn ttrreeeess,, bbrrookkeenn wwiinnddoowwss
aanndd rruubbbbiisshh wweerree eevveerryywwhheerree.. ThTh eeyy jjooiinneedd tthhee
nneeiigghhbboorrss ttoo hheellpp cclleeaann uupp tthhee nneeiigghhbboorrhhoooodd ttooggeetthheerr..
AAlltthhoouugghh tthhee ssttoorrmm bbrrookkee mmaannyy tthhiinnggss aappaarrtt,, iitt
bbrroouugghhtt ffaammiilliieess aanndd nneeiigghhbboorrss cclloosseerr ttooggeetthheerr..
3b Complete the sentences using information from the passage.
1. When the news on TV was reported, strong winds
outside.
2. While Ben’s mom was making sure the radio was working, his dad
.
3. Ben when the heavy rain fi nally started.
4. When Ben at 3:00 a.m., the wind
.
3c Discuss the questions with a partner.
“Although the storm broke many things apart, it brought families and
neighbors closer together.” What other things can bring people closer
together? How can we help each other in times of diffi culty?
35
Page PBUNIT 5
Grammar
Focus
What were you doing at eight I was taking a shower.
last night?
What was she doing at the time She was doing her homework.
of the rainstorm?
What was he doing when the He was reading in the library when the
rainstorm came? rainstorm came.
What was Ben doing when it began When it began to rain, Ben was helping his
to rain heavily? mom make dinner.
What was Jenny doing while Linda While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was
was sleeping? helping Mary with her homework.
4a Look at the table and write sentences with both while and when.
John Mary
take photos walk towards the shop
play the piano leave the house
clean his room turn on the radio
shop take the car to the car wash
While John was taking photos, Mary was walking towards the shop.
John was taking photos while Mary was walking towards the shop.
4b Fill in the blanks with was, were, when or while.
At 7:00 a.m., I woke up. I making my breakfast, my brother
listening to the radio. I was eating, the radio news talked about
a car accident near our home. My brother and I went out right away to have a
look. we got to the place of the accident, the car in bad shape
from hitting a tree. But luckily, the driver fine. The roads icy
because of the heavy snow from the
A: What were you doing at nine
night before.
o’clock last Sunday morning?
B: I was sleeping. How about you?
4c What were you doing at these times
A: I was doing my homework.
last Sunday? Fill in the chart. Then
B: You’re kidding!
ask your partner.
Time You Your partner
9:00 a.m.
11:30 a.m.
4:00 p.m.
9:00 p.m.
36What were you doing when the rainstorm came? UNIT 5
1a Think of a time when you were late for or couldn’t
Section
go to an event. What was the event? What was the
reason why you were late or couldn’t go? Tell your
B
partner the story.
1b Listen and write short answers to the questions.
1. What event happened at the school yesterday?
2. Who missed the event?
3. Which team won at the event?
1c Listen again. Number the events [1–6] in the order they happened.
Kate saw a dog by the side of the road.
Kate got to the bus stop.
Kate called the Animal Helpline.
1 Kate left the house.
Kate waited for someone to walk by.
Kate realized her bag was still at home.
1d Talk about why Kate missed the school basketball competition. Student A
begins a sentence with while or when. Student B completes the sentence.
A: When the school basketball competition started …
B: When the school basketball competition started, Kate was still
making her way to school.
37UNIT 5
2a Look at the pictures and title in the passage. What do you think the
passage is about?
2b Read the passage and answer the questions.
1. What are the two events in the passage?
2. When did they happen?
Reading the Title and First Sentences
The title can be helpful for you to
understand a text. It is also a good idea to
Do You Remember read the fi rst sentence of each paragraph
What You Were Doing? before you read the whole text.
PPeeooppllee ooftft eenn rreemmeemmbbeerr wwhhaatt tthheeyy wweerree ddooiinngg wwhheenn tthheeyy hheeaarrdd tthhee nneewwss ooff
important events in history. In America, for example, many people remember
what they were doing on April 4, 1968. Th is was an important event in
American history. On this day, Dr. Martin Luther King was killed. Although
some people may not remember who killed him, they remember what they
were doing when they heard the news.
Robert Allen is now over 50, but he was a school pupil
at that time. “I was at home with my parents,” Robert
remembers. “We were eating dinner in the kitchen when
we heard the news on the radio. Th e news reporter said,
‘Dr. King died just 10 minutes ago’. My parents were
completely shocked! My parents did not talk aft er that,
and we fi nished the rest of our dinner in silence.”
More recently, most Americans remember what they were doing when the
World Trade Center in New York was taken down by terrorists. Even the
date — September 11, 2001 — has meaning to most Americans.
Th is was a day Kate Smith will never forget. She
remembers working in her offi ce near the two
towers. “My friend shouted that a plane just hit
the World Trade Center! I didn’t believe him at
fi rst, but then I looked out of the window and
realized that it was true. I was so scared that I
could hardly think clearly aft er that.”
38What were you doing when the rainstorm came? UNIT 5
2c Read the passage again. Are the following statements true (T) or false
(F), or is the information not given (NG)?
1. Everyone in America remembers who killed Dr. King.
2. Robert Allen was eating lunch when Dr. King was killed.
3. Robert’s parents were shocked to hear the news.
4. Kate Smith was watching a movie when a plane hit the World
Trade Center.
5. Kate didn’t think her friend was telling the truth about the event.
2d Underline sentences from the passage with similar meanings to the
ones below.
1. Not everyone will remember who killed him, but they can remember what
they were doing when they heard that he got killed.
2. No one said anything for the rest of dinner.
3. September 11, 2001— the date alone means something to most people
in the US.
4. I had trouble thinking clearly aft er that because I was very afraid.
2e How much do you remember about the events in the passage? Test your
partner.
A: When did Dr. Martin Luther King die?
B: He died on ...
3a Make notes about an event you remember well.
What was the event?
When did it happen?
Where did it happen?
What were you doing?
What were your friends doing?
Why was it important?
Why do you remember this event?
39
Page PBUNIT 5
3b Write a short article about the important event in 3a. Try to write three
paragraphs.
An important event that I remember well
First, write about the event was . It happened in/
(when and where it on at/in
happened). .
Next, write about what you When I heard the news of this event/
and some of your friends When this event happened, I was
were doing when this event . My
happened. fr iends were .
Th en, write about why this Th is event is very important to me because
event was important. ./I remember
this event well because
.
Self Check
1 Fill in the blanks with when or while.
1. I was walking home from school, I saw a strange light in the sky.
But I pointed it out to my friend, it went away.
2. I told my older brother about the strange light in the sky, he just
laughed and didn’t believe me.
3. my brother was laughing, the television news reported that
other people had seen the light as well.
2 Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
When I (be) in the sixth grade, I (join) a piano
competition. I (practice) for four hours every day and my
piano teacher (come) three times a week to (help)
me. Th en the big day fi nally (arrive). I (be) so
nervous when they (call) my name. I (go) up and
(start) to play. While I (play), everyone
(sit) still and listened. I played the song without any mistakes. Th en I
(wait) for them to call out the winner. When I (hear)
my name, my heart (beat) so quickly I thought I would stop
breathing. I couldn’t believe it. I (win)! It (be) the
happiest day of my life!
40U 6
NIT
Section
A An old man tried to move the
mountains.
Language Goal: a b
Tell a story
c
d
1a Match the story titles with the pictures [a–d].
Journey to the West Yu Gong Moves the Mountains
Hou Yi Shoots the Suns Nü Wa Repairs the Sky
1b Listen and check (4) the facts you hear. Which story are Anna and
Wang Ming talking about?
The two mountains were very high and big.
A very old man tried to move the mountains.
A man told Yu Gong that he could never do it.
1c Discuss the questions
1. How does the story begin?
with your partner.
2. What happened next?
3. Where would they put all the earth and
stone from the mountains?
41
Page PBUNIT 6
2a Listen and number the pictures [1–4] in order to tell the story.
2b Listen again and circle the words you hear.
1. A man saw Yu Gong and his (children / family) when they were working on
moving the mountains.
2. He told Yu Gong he could never do it because he was old and (poor / weak).
3. As soon as the man finished (talking / speaking), Yu Gong said that his family
would continue to move the mountains after he died.
4. Finally, a god was so moved by Yu Gong that he sent another (two / three)
gods to help take the mountains away.
5. This story reminds us that you can never (know / see) what’s possible unless
you try to make it happen.
2c Look at the pictures in 2a and tell the story in your own words.
2d Role-play the conversation.
Teacher: So what do you think about the story of Yu Gong?
Wang Ming: I think it’s really interesting. Yu Gong found a good way to solve his
problem.
Claudia: Really? I think it’s a little bit silly. It doesn’t seem very possible to
move a mountain.
Wang Ming: But the story is trying to show us that anything is possible if you
work hard! Yu Gong kept trying and didn’t give up.
Claudia: Well, I still don’t agree with you. I think we should try to find other
ways to solve a problem.
Wang Ming: But what could Yu Gong do instead of moving the mountains?
Claudia: Well, there are many other ways. For example, he could build a road.
That’s better and faster than moving a mountain!
Teacher: You have different opinions about the story, and neither of you are
wrong. There are many sides to a story and many ways to understand it.
42An old man tried to move the mountains. UNIT 6
3a Read the passage and answer the questions.
1. Which book is talked about?
2. Who is the main character?
In November 1979, pupils in England were able
3. What is he like?
to watch a new TV program called Monkey. Most
of them were hearing this story for the first time. However, this story is not
new to Chinese children. The Monkey King or Sun Wukong is the main
character in the traditional Chinese book Journey to the West.
The Monkey King is not just any normal monkey.
In fact, he sometimes does not even look like
a monkey! This is because he can make 72
changes to his shape and size, turning himself
into different animals and objects. But unless
he can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself
into a man. To fight bad people, the Monkey
King uses a magic stick. Sometimes he can make the stick so small that he
can keep it in his ear. At other times, he is able to make it big and long.
The Monkey King has excited the children of China for many years. And as
soon as the TV program came out more than 40 years ago, Western children
became interested in reading this story because the clever Monkey King keeps
fighting to help the weak and never gives up.
3b Read the passage again and complete the chart about the Monkey King.
What he can do What he cannot do
3c Complete the sentences below with words and phrases from the passage.
1. Journey to the West is a Chinese book. It tells one of the most popular
stories in China.
2. When the English TV program Monkey in 1979, Western
children this wonderful story.
3. The Monkey King can to his body. He is able to different
animals and objects.
4. The Monkey King make his magic stick small or large.
43UNIT 6
Grammar
Focus
How does the story begin? Once upon a time, there was a very old man ...
As soon as the man finished talking, Yu Gong
What happened next? said that his family would continue to move
the mountains after he died.
Why was Yu Gong trying to move Because they were so big that it took a long
the mountains? time to walk to the other side.
Who is the Monkey King? He is the main character in Journey to the West.
He cannot turn himself into a man unless he
What can’t the Monkey King do?
can hide his tail.
4a Fill in the blanks with unless, as soon as or so … that.
1. her father died, the stepsisters made her do all the chores.
2. She was busy she had no time to make a dress for the party.
3. The mice knew that they helped her make a dress, she would not be
able to go to the party.
4. the prince saw her, he fell in love with her.
5. The prince knew that the girl’s foot could fit the shoe, it was not the
right girl.
6. The new couple were happy they couldn’t stop smiling
when they got married.
4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
The Monkey King is the main character from the famous Chinese story
Journey to the West. He is wonderful because he (help) weak people.
The Monkey King (have) a magic stick. He (use) it to fight
bad people. He can (make) the stick big or small. He can sometimes
make the stick so small that he can put it in his ear. As soon as he (see)
bad people, he thinks of ways to fight them. He can (turn) himself
into different animals and objects. But unless he can hide his tail, he cannot
make himself a human. Children all over the world (love) the
Monkey King!
4c Tell your partner about your favorite My favorite story is ...
story.
It is interesting because ...
44An old man tried to move the mountains. UNIT 6
1a Match the words with the lett ers in the pictures in 1c.
Section
gold emperor
B
silk underwear
1b Listen and number the pictures [1–5] in 1c.
1c Listen again and fi ll in the blanks.
When the emperor
at himself, he only
his underwear.
a
Nobody wanted to sound
stupid. But suddenly, a
young boy ,
“Look! Th e emperor isn’t
any clothes!”
Th e emperor had to them
silk and gold, but they
b everything for themselves. Th ey were
trying to cheat the emperor.
c
Th is story is about an
emperor who loved
.
d
Two came to the city to
make special clothes for the emperor.
Once upon a time, there
was an emperor …
1d Use the pictures in 1c to tell the story.
45
Page PBUNIT 6
2a A fairy tale is an old, traditional story. Do you Sleeping Beauty
know what these fairy tales are about? Cinderella
Litt le Red Riding Hood
2b Read the fi rst paragraph of Hansel and Gretel.
Th ink about how the fairy tale will continue.
Th en read the rest of the story.
Finding Out the Text Type
Hansel and Gretel Before you read, decide
Hansel and Gretel lived near a forest with their what kind of text it is. Is
father and stepmother. One year, the weather was it a letter, a play, a short
story or something else?
so dry that no food would grow. Th e wife told her
husband that unless he left the children to die in the
forest, the whole family would die. Gretel heard this, and Hansel made a plan to save
himself and his sister.
SCENE ONE:
Gretel: Did you hear our stepmother planning to kill us?
Hansel: Don’t worry! I have a plan to save us.
Gretel: How can you save us?
Hansel: Be quiet! I’m going outside to get something in the moonlight.
Now, go to sleep.
SCENE TWO:
Wife: Get up, lazy children!
Husband: Yes, dears. You must come with me to the forest to get wood.
Wife: Here’s some bread. Don’t eat it until you get to the forest.
SCENE THREE:
Gretel: Hansel, what are you doing?
Hansel: I’m dropping white stones along the way. Unless I do, we’ll be lost.
Tonight, when the moon is shining bright, we’ll be able to see the stones.
SCENE FOUR:
Wife: You bad children! What a long time you slept in the forest!
Husband: We thought you were never coming back.
Wife: Now, go to bed. As soon as you wake up, you must go to the forest with
your father.
Hansel: What, again? I want to go out to look at the moon.
Wife: No. You can’t go out now.
46An old man tried to move the mountains. UNIT 6
SCENE FIVE:
Gretel: What can we do? You have no more stones.
Hansel: I’ll drop pieces of bread. As soon as the moon rises, we can follow them
instead.
SCENE SIX:
Gretel: I can’t see any bread on the ground. Maybe it was the birds.
Hansel: Never mind! Just keep walking. Unless we do, we won’t find our way out.
SCENE SEVEN:
Gretel: Hansel, we’re really lost!
Hansel: Listen! That bird’s song is so beautiful that we
should follow it.
Gretel: Look! It’s leading us to that wonderful house
made of bread, cake and candy.
Hansel: Let’s eat part of the house!
(Then they hear an old woman’s voice from inside the house.)
Voice: Who is that? Who is brave enough to eat my house?
2c Match each description below with the correct scene.
A. The children get lost.
B. The children wake up.
C. The children cannot find the pieces of bread.
D. Gretel learns about Hansel’s plan.
E. The children surprise the parents.
F. Hansel has to change his plan.
G. The children learn that something bad is going to happen.
2d Read the play again and answer the questions.
1. Why does the wife tell her husband to leave the children in the forest?
2. What does Hansel go out to get?
3. Why does he do this in the moonlight?
4. How do Hansel and Gretel find their way home?
5. Why do Hansel and Gretel get lost the second time?
2e Act out the play in groups of four.
47
Page PBUNIT 6
3a Write some key words from each scene. Th en discuss your answers with
your partner.
Scene 1: plan, kill, save, ... Scene 5:
Scene 2: Scene 6:
Scene 3: Scene 7:
Scene 4:
3b Complete the summary of the play.
Gretel heard that their planned to her and her brother.
But Hansel had a plan to himself and his sister. He went to get some
white before he went to bed that night. Th e next day, the wife sent
the children to the . Hansel the stones as they walked.
Later that night, they could see the stones because of the shining .
Th e stones showed them the way home. Hansel wanted to get more stones,
but his stepmother did not let him go out. Th e next morning, the wife sent the
children to the forest again. Hansel had no stones, so he dropped of
. But the ate them, so Hansel and Gretel were in
the forest. Th ey walked until they saw a made of food. Hansel
wanted to the house, but then they heard the voice of an old
coming from the house.
Self Check
1 Use your own ideas to complete the sentences.
1. We will be late unless … 4. Bill opened his book as soon as …
2. You won’t be successful unless … 5. Th e movie was so touching that …
3. As soon as I got to the bus stop … 6. Th e boy was so excited that …
2 Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
Once upon a time, there (be) an emperor. He (love) buying and looking
at clothes. One day, two brothers (come) to the city. Th ey (tell) the
emperor that they could make beautiful clothes for him, but he must (give) them silk
and gold. Th e brothers (be) bad people. Th ey (keep) all the silk and gold
for themselves. Th ey told the emperor the clothes they made (be) special because
only clever people could (see) them. When the emperor (put) on the
clothes, all he could see was his underwear. But he didn’t want people to (think) he was
stupid, so he (say) the clothes were beautiful. Th en he (walk) around the
city in his new clothes until one boy (shout), “Th e emperor isn’t wearing any clothes!”
48U 7
NIT
Section
A What’s the highest mountain
in the world?
Language Goal:
Talk about
geography
and nature
Qomolangma the Nile
the Caspian Sea the Sahara
1a Match the facts you know.
Qomolangma about 9,000,000 square kilometers in size
The Sahara 1,025 meters deep
The Caspian Sea 6,671 kilometers long
The Nile 8,848.86 meters high
1b Listen and complete the sentences.
1. Qomolangma is than any other mountain in the world.
2. The Sahara is desert in the world.
3. The Caspian Sea is of all the salt lakes.
4. The Nile is river in the world.
1c Use the information in 1b to make
A: What is the highest
conversations.
mountain in the world?
B: Qomolangma.
49
Page PBUNIT 7
2a Listen and number the facts [1–3] in the order you hear them.
6,300 5,000 5,464 300
The Yangtze River is about kilometers long and
the Yellow River is kilometers long.
China is over years old. It has a much longer
history than the US. The US is not even years old.
China is bigger than the US, and it is the biggest country in Asia.
2b Listen again and fill in the blanks in 2a with the numbers in the box.
2c Make conversations using the information in 2a.
A: Did you know that China is one of the oldest
countries in the world?
B: Yes, I did. It’s much older than my country.
2d Role-play the conversation.
Guide: Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall tour.
Tourist 1: How long is the wall?
Guide: Ah, the most popular question! If we’re only talking about the parts
from the Ming Dynasty, it’s about 8,850 kilometers long. This makes
it the longest wall in the world.
Tourist 2: Wow, that’s amazing! Why did the ancient emperors build the wall?
Guide: The main reason was to protect
their part of the country. As you
can see, it’s quite tall and wide. As
far as I know, there are no other
man-made objects as big as this.
Tourist 3: Is Badaling part of the Ming
Great Wall?
Guide: Yes, it’s the most famous part.
50What’s the highest mountain in the world? UNIT 7
3a Read the article and match each
paragraph with the main ideas.
Paragraph 1 Spirit of climbers
Paragraph 2 Achievements of climbers
Qomolangma — the Most
Paragraph 3 Facts and dangers
Dangerous Mountain in the World?
One of the world’s most dangerous sports is mountain climbing, and one of the most
popular places for this is the Himalayas. The Himalayas run along the southwestern
part of China. Of all the mountains, Qomolangma rises the highest and is the most
famous. It is 8,848.86 meters high and so is very dangerous to climb. Thick clouds
cover the top and snow can fall very hard. Even more serious difficulties include
freezing weather conditions and heavy storms. It is also very hard to take in air as you
get near the top.
The first people to reach the top were Tenzing Norgay and
Edmund Hillary on May 29, 1953. The first Chinese team
did so in 1960, while the first woman to succeed was Junko
Tabei from Japan in 1975.
Why do so many climbers risk their lives? One of the main
reasons is that people want to challenge themselves in the
face of difficulties. The spirit of these climbers shows us
that we should never give up trying to achieve our dreams.
It also shows that humans can sometimes be stronger than
the forces of nature.
3b Read the article again and complete the chart.
Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraphs 1 & 3
List four dangers for climbers List three achievements List four comparisons
thick clouds 1953 — Tenzing Norgay and Edmund most dangerous sport
Hillary were the first to reach the top
3c Answer the questions using information from the article.
1. Where are the Himalayas?
2. How high is Qomolangma?
3. Why do so many people try to climb this mountain even though it is dangerous?
4. What does the spirit of the climbers tell us?
51
Page PBUNIT 7
Grammar
Focus
What’s the highest mountain in the Qomolangma.
world?
How high is Qomolangma? It’s 8,848.86 meters high. It’s higher
than any other mountain.
Which is the deepest salt lake in the The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all the salt
world? lakes.
Did you know that China is one of Yes, I did. It’s much older than the US.
the oldest countries in the world?
4a Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in the box.
1. The Amazon River is one of the rivers in the world.
big
It’s a little than the Yangtze River.
much
2. Qomolangma is 8,848.86 meters . It’s one of the
popular
most places for serious mountain climbers.
long
3. No ocean in the world is as as the Pacific Ocean.
old
high 4. Although Japan is than Canada, it is
smaller.
4b Write two comparisons about two topics. Write true facts.
e.g. Two rivers: and
the Yangtze River the Amazon River
The Yangtze River is almost as long as the Amazon River.
The Amazon is longer than the Yangtze, but the Yangtze is the longest
river in China.
Two cities: and
1.
2.
Two animals: and
1.
2.
4c Write five questions
1. What is the highest building in our city?
using comparisons.
2.
Then ask your partner 3.
your questions. 4.
5.
52What’s the highest mountain in the world? UNIT 7
1a Compare facts about these two animals. Use the
Section
language in the box to help you make sentences.
B
Elephant Panda
- is 350 cm tall - is 150 cm tall
- weighs 5,000 kilos (standing on two legs)
- eats 150 kilos of food a day - weighs 100 kilos
- eats 10 kilos of food a day
Example sentence:
Th is elephant weighs many times more than this panda.
(200 cm taller/shorter, weigh much more/less, eat much more/less,
eat many times more)
1b Listen and check (✔) the numbers you hear.
100 16 20 50
✔
120 0.1 0.2 150
1c Listen again and complete the sentences.
1. At birth, a baby panda is about to kilos.
2. At birth, a baby panda is about cm long.
3. A baby panda is not black. It is and it has no .
4. A panda can live up to to years.
1d Take turns telling your classmates about pandas.
A: A baby panda cannot see.
B: An adult panda weighs many times more than
a baby panda.
53
Page PBUNIT 7
2a Talk about pandas in your class. Use these words to help you.
big bamboo zoo popular cute black and white
Sichuan famous endangered beautiful forest protect
2b Read the article to find out what these numbers mean:
10, 12, 700, 2,000.
Scanning
It is 8:30 a.m. at the Chengdu Research Base. Panda This means moving your eyes
keepers are preparing milk for the baby pandas’ quickly down the page to find
breakfast. At 9:00 a.m., they find that most of the specific information.
babies are already awake and hungry. When the
babies see the keepers, they run over to them with excitement and some of the
young pandas even walk into their friends and fall over!
Lin Wei, one of the panda keepers, says, “They’re so cute and lovely. I take care of
them like they’re my own babies. I wash, feed and play with them every day. They’re
very special to me.” In fact, many people around the world love these black and white
animals. Pandas have become so popular that they are now a symbol of China.
Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. Another
700 or so live in zoos or research centers in China and other countries. Pandas do
not have many babies, maybe only one every two years. The babies often die from
illnesses and do not live very long. Adult pandas spend more than 12 hours a day
eating about 10 kilos of bamboo. Many years ago, there were a lot more bamboo
forests and pandas in China, but then humans started to cut down these forests.
As the forests get smaller and other human activities cause more problems, pandas
cannot find enough to eat and they are having fewer babies.
An education program in Chengdu teaches children
about pandas and other endangered wild animals.
They send people to schools to tell children about the
importance of saving these animals. And the Chinese
government is trying hard to help save the pandas.
Scientists are doing research to better understand the
habits of pandas. We all hope that in the future there will be a lot more pandas.
2c Read the article again and write short answers to the questions.
1. What is Lin Wei’s job?
2. What do the baby pandas have for breakfast?
3. Why are pandas endangered?
4. What does the education program in Chengdu do?
5. Why are scientists doing research?
54What’s the highest mountain in the world? UNIT 7
2d Complete the sentences using words from the passage.
1. Th e panda at the Chengdu Research Base are awake early in
the morning to breakfast for the baby pandas.
2. In , pandas have become so that they are now a
symbol of China.
3. Adult pandas do not have babies very , and some of the babies
only live for a short time because of .
4. A special program in Chengdu teaches about why pandas are
.
5. Th e Chinese government is helping to the pandas. Scientists
also want to bett er the habits of pandas.
2e What other ways do you think children can help to save the pandas?
3a Read the following words and phrases about whales. Put them in the
correct place in the chart.
✿ Humans catch whales for meat, fat ✿ Live in the sea
and oil ✿ Some kinds have teeth
✿ Eat small fi sh and other sea life ✿ Learn more about whales
✿ Jump high out of the water ✿ Stop putt ing rubbish into the sea
✿ Rules on whale protection ✿ Sing songs
✿ Huge ✿ Whale parts sold to make things
✿ Water pollution like candles and soap
What do they look like?
Where do they live?
What do they eat?
What can they do?
Why do some of them have
to be protected?
How can we protect them?
55
Page PBUNIT 7
3b Write a paragraph about whales and why they need to be protected.
Use the information in 3a. Then make a poster.
Whales are … They live in … They eat … They can …
One interesting fact is … Another interesting fact is …
Some kinds of whales are in danger because …
We should protect whales from …
I think people should/shouldn’t …
Self Check
1 Complete the chart.
Adjectives Comparatives Superlatives
high
dangerous
long
popular
2 Match verbs and objects. Then add one more object to each list.
Verbs Objects
1. reach a. my life, my money, ...
2. achieve b. the top of a mountain, the library, ...
3. risk c. my dream, success, ...
3 Circle the correct word and/or fill in the blank with the
correct form of the word in brackets for each sentence.
1. An elephant weighs ( few / many ) times more than a dog.
2. An adult panda can eat ( much / a little ) more than a cat.
3. Canada is a ( little / lot ) less (crowded) than India.
4. A tiger is ( much / a little ) (strong) than a man.
56U 8
NIT
Section
A Have you read
Treasure Island yet?
Language Goal:
Talk about
recent events and
experiences
1a Have you heard of these books? Check (✔) the ones you know.
Alice in Wonderland Little Women
Treasure Island Oliver Twist
Robinson Crusoe Tom Sawyer
1b Listen and complete the chart.
Book title Name Have they read it? What do they think of it?
Nick
Judy
Sandy
Alan
Kate
Harry
A: Have you read Little Women yet?
B: No, I haven’t. Have you?
1c Practice the conversation. Then talk A: Yes, I’ve already read it.
about the other books in 1a. B: What’s it like?
A: It’s fantastic.
57UNIT 8
2a Listen. Who has read these books? Circle the names.
1. Treasure Island Mark / Tina
2. Oliver Twist Mark / Tina
3. Robinson Crusoe Mark / Tina
4. Tom Sawyer Mark / Tina
2b Listen again and write T for true and F for false.
1. Oliver Twist is about a boy who goes out to sea and fi nds an
island full of treasures.
2. Robinson Crusoe is a classic.
3. Tina thinks that Treasure Island is a fantastic book.
4. Tom Sawyer is about a boy who lives in the United Kingdom.
2c Use the information in 2a and 2b to talk about the books.
A: Has Tina read Treasure Island?
B: Yes, she has. She thinks it’s fantastic.
A: What’s it about?
B: It’s about …
2d Role-play the conversation.
Amy: Steve, have you decided yet which book to write about for English
class?
Steve: Yes, Litt le Women. I’ve already fi nished reading it!
Amy: Wow, you’re fast! What’s it about?
Steve: It’s about four sisters growing up. It was really good, so I couldn’t put it
down. Which book did you choose?
Amy: I chose Treasure Island, but I haven’t fi nished reading it yet. I’m only on
page 25.
Steve: Have you at least read the back of the book to see what it’s about?
Amy: Yes, I have. It looks interesting.
Steve: You should hurry up. Th e book report is due in two weeks.
Amy: Yes, I know. I’ll read quickly.
58Have you read Treasure Island yet? UNIT 8
3a Read a student’s book report about The Old Man and the Sea. Then
answer the questions.
1. What is the story about?
2. Would you like to read it?
My favorite book is The Old Man and the Sea. The
American writer Ernest Hemingway wrote it in 1952.
The book became popular very quickly. In 1953, it won
the Pulitzer Prize.
The main character is a fisherman. He hasn’t caught
anything for months. One day he catches a huge fish,
but he has to fight for days to kill it. He finally succeeds,
but he can’t pull the fish onto his boat. On his way back,
sharks eat the fish, leaving nothing but bones.
This book has taught me not to give up. The fisherman fights hard, even though
he loses the fish in the end. As Hemingway said, “Man is not made for defeat. A
man can be destroyed but not defeated.” Even though I’ve already read the book
three times, I’m not tired of it yet. If you’ve never read Ernest Hemingway, I
recommend this book.
3b Read the book report again and complete the chart.
Book title:
When the writer
Writer
wrote it
Prize Main character
Events in the story
What the student
has learned
3c Talk with a partner about a book you have read. Share what you know
about it.
59UNIT 8
Grammar
Focus
Have you read Little Women yet? Yes, I have./No, I haven’t.
Has Tina read Treasure Island yet? Yes, she has. She thinks it’s fantastic.
Have you decided which book to Yes, I have. I’ve already finished reading
write about yet? it. It was really good.
4a Use the words in brackets to complete the conversations.
1. A: Would you like something to drink?
B: No, thanks. I’ve just drunk some tea . (just/drink some tea)
2. A: I heard you lost your key. ? (find)
B: No, not yet.
3. A: Do you know when Tom is leaving?
B: . (already/leave)
A: When ? (leave)
B: This morning.
4. A: Is your sister going to the movies with us tonight?
B: No. . (already/see the film)
5. A: What do your parents think about our plan?
B: I . (not/tell them/yet)
4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
Sally (love) reading. In the morning, she reads the newspaper
and in the evening she reads books. She already
(read) more than 100 different books! Her favorite kind of books is science
fiction. She is interested in science and technology and loves to imagine what the
world (be) like in 50 years. She (finish) reading a
book about robots last week and (write) a book report about it
next week for her French class. Every time she is in the library, Sally looks at the
many books she (not read) yet and she can’t wait to read them!
A: What books have you already read?
B: I’ve already read Tom Sawyer and Harry Potter.
4c Complete the chart with
A: What do you think of them?
information about you
B: Well, I think Harry Potter was exciting, but Tom
and a friend.
Sawyer was a bit boring.
Experiences You Your friend Comments
Books I have already read
Movies I have already seen
Songs I have already heard
60Have you read Treasure Island yet? UNIT 8
1a Who is your favorite singer or musician? Tell your
Section
partner why you like him or her.
B
1b Listen to a conversation between Alex and Dave. Write A for Alex or D
for Dave next to each opinion.
The Toms must be popular.
The Toms play pop music.
The Toms’ music sounds
more like rock.
Listening to The Toms is a
good way to wake up.
1c Listen again and take notes.
Band name
Country
Number of people in the band
Kind of music
Why Alex and Dave like to listen Alex:
to this band Dave:
1d Ask your friends and parents what kind of music they listen to and why.
How does the music make them feel?
What kind Why do they How does it
People
of music? listen to it? make them feel?
Friend 1
Friend 2
Parents
61
Page PBUNIT 8
2a Discuss the questions with a partner.
1. Do you have a favorite singer or band?
2. Do you have a favorite song?
3. What facts do you know about your favorite singer, band or song?
2b Read the passage and complete the fact sheet on page 63.
Summarizing
A Country Music Song
While reading, make notes or underline the
Changed Her Life Forever
main ideas in the text. After reading, write
When Sarah was a teenager, she a short summary in your own words. This
used to fight over almost can help you better understand the text.
everything with her family. But
five years ago, while she was studying abroad in England, she heard a song full
of feelings about returning home on the radio. It made Sarah think about her
family and friends back in the US. She came to realize how much she actually
missed all of them. Ever since then, she has been a fan of American country
music.
Country is a traditional kind of music from the southern states of America.
Nashville, Tennessee is the home of country music. Many songs these days
are just about modern life in the US, such as the importance of money and
success, but not about belonging to a group. However, country music brings
us back to the “good old days” when people were kind to each other and
trusted one another. It reminds us that the best things in life are free ––
laughter, friends, family, and the beauty of nature and the countryside.
Sarah hasn’t been to Nashville yet, but it is her
dream to go there one day. She has already read a
lot about the place and done some research on it.
She knows that there is the Country Music Hall
of Fame and Museum in Nashville. There are also
always a lot of great country music concerts with
famous musicians and singers, like Garth Brooks.
Sarah has already listened to most of his songs.
“Garth is one of the most successful musicians in
American history. He’s sold more than 120 million
records. I hope to see him sing live one day!”
62Have you read Treasure Island yet? UNIT 8
Country Music Fact Sheet
Where it is from:
What kind of music it is:
A famous country music place in Nashville:
A famous country music singer:
The number of records he has sold:
2c Read the passage again and underline the main ideas. Then use the
underlined text to write short answers to the questions below.
Second paragraph
What is country music?
First paragraph
What is country music about?
Who is Sarah?
Where is she from?
Third paragraph
What does she like?
What is Sarah’s dream?
Who is Garth Brooks?
2d Use the notes you made in 2c to write a short summary of the passage.
Write no more than 100 words.
2e Close your book. What facts can you remember about country music?
Tell a partner. What other facts would you like to know about country
music? Make a list of questions.
3a Think of a singer or writer you know well. Make a list of facts about
him/her. Think of the following:
1. Who is the singer/writer?
2. When did the singer/writer first become famous?
3. How and why did he/she first become famous?
4. What famous songs/books has he/she recorded/written? When?
5. How many CDs/books has he/she sold?
6. How did you find out about him/her?
7. Is he/she still popular today?
8. Have you introduced this singer/writer to others?
9. How do you feel about his/her music/books?
10. Have you ever played/sung his/her songs yourself?
63
Page PBUNIT 8
3b Write an article about the singer or writer. Here are some words and
phrases you can use.
the first line in the song/book the book/song was written/recorded by
enjoyed success in successful song/CD/book
I listen to this song/read this book when …
The song/book makes me feel …
Self Check
1 Fill in the blanks with the correct words in the box.
1. What do you think this dress? Do you think it looks good on me?
down
2. The little boy was so hungry that he didn’t put his spoon at all.
of He just kept on eating.
about 3. She grew in a small town, although she lives in a big city now.
back 4. For homework, our teacher told us to write our summer
up vacation.
5. At the end of the day, the bus brought us to our school.
2 Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
1. I (join) the book club last month and I (read)
five books already.
2. I only (start) taking French classes last week and I
(learn) 50 French words already.
3. Tony (buy) a pop music CD yesterday but he
(listen) to it yet.
4. They (listen) to many songs by The Beatles, but they
cannot (sing) any of them.
5. She (see) the newspaper on the table this morning, but she
(have) any time to read it yet.
3 Make a list of the things you have done and the ones you haven’t
done yet this week. Then ask two other students.
Experiences You
(student’s name) (student’s name)
science homework,
Things I have done
Things I haven’t done
64U 9
NIT
Section
A Have you ever been
to a museum?
Language Goal:
Talk about
past experiences
Have you ever been to a science museum?
Yes, I have. I went to the National
Science Museum last year. Have you
ever been to a history museum?
No, I haven’t.
Me neither.
Let’s go to one
tomorrow.
1a Which of these places would you like to visit? Rank them from 1 (most)
to 6 (least).
space museum history museum art museum
water park zoo amusement park
1b Listen. Have these students ever been to these places? Check (✔) the boxes.
Science History Art Nature Space
Name
museum museum museum museum museum
Claudia
Sarah ✔
A: Let’s go somewhere different today.
1c Ask and answer questions B: OK. Where do you want to go?
about the places in 1b. A: Have you ever been to the space museum?
B: No, I haven’t. How about you?
A: …
65
Page PBUNIT 9
2a Look at the map of the
town. Listen and circle
the places you hear.
2b Listen again and circle T for true or F for false.
Conversation 1 Conversation 2 Conversation 3
1. Tina went to the space 1. Linda has been to the 1. Frank had a great time
museum last year. T/F amusement park. T/F at the water park. T/F
2. John has never been 2. Linda went to the amusement 2. Frank’s friend has never
to the space museum. park yesterday. T/F been to the water park.
T/F 3. Linda is going to the T/F
3. Th ey are going to take amusement park again by 3. Frank and his friend are
the subway. T/F bike. T/F going skating. T/F
2c Look at the map in 2a and make conversations about the places.
A: Have you ever been to the space museum?
B: Yes, I have. How about you?
A: No, I haven’t.
B: Oh, it’s fantastic. Let’s go tomorrow.
A: OK. How are we going to get there?
B: We can take the subway.
2d Role-play the conversation.
Anna: I went to the fi lm museum last weekend. Have you ever been there?
Jill: Yes, I have. I went there back in April.
Anna: It’s really interesting, isn’t it? It’s a great way to spend a Saturday
aft ernoon.
Jill: Yes, I love all the old movie cameras there. I learned about the
inventions that led to color movies, too.
Anna: So, what did you do on the weekend?
Jill: I camped in the mountains with some friends. We put up a tent and
cooked outside.
Anna: Th at sounds fun. I’ve never been camping.
Jill: You should try it!
66Have you ever been to a museum? UNIT 9
3a Three students talk about the most 1. Which three museums do the
interesting museums they have students talk about?
ever been to. Read the magazine 2. What do you think is the most
article and answer the questions.
interesting thing about each
museum?
Ken: The most
interesting museum I’ve ever been to is the American
Computer Museum. They have information about different
computers and who invented them. The old computers were
much bigger. It’s unbelievable that technology has progressed
in such a rapid way! I’ve also learned that there was a special computer. It could play
chess even better than humans. I wonder how much more computers will be able to
do in the future.
Amy: I’ve recently been to a very unusual museum
in India, the International Museum of Toilets. I just
couldn’t believe my eyes when I saw so many different
kinds of toilets there. The museum teaches people about
the history and development of toilets. It also encourages
governments and social groups to think about ways to
improve toilets in the future.
Linlin: Last year I went to the China National Tea
Museum. It’s a relaxing and peaceful place near a
lake. The tea art performances show how to make a
perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets. Watching
the tea preparation is just as enjoyable as drinking
the tea itself. I’ve finally realized why my grandpa
loves drinking tea and collecting tea sets.
3b Read the article again and answer the following questions.
1. What does Ken say about the American Computer Museum?
2. What can we learn at the International Museum of Toilets?
3. Why is the China National Tea Museum a nice place to enjoy tea?
3c Which of the underlined
make (something) better quiet
words in the passage have
become better made
the following meanings?
uncommon quick
67UNIT 9
Grammar
Focus
Have you ever been to a science Yes, I’ve been to a science museum./
museum? No, I’ve never been to a science museum.
Have you ever visited the space Yes, I have. I went there last year./
museum? No, I haven’t.
I’ve been to the art museum Me, too. And I’ve also visited the nature
many times. museum.
I’ve never been to a water park. Me neither.
4a Put the correct forms of the verbs in the blanks.
1. A: Do you want (come) to the space museum?
B: No, I’ve already (be) there three times.
2. A: Have you (see) the robots at the science museum?
B: Yes, I (go) there last weekend.
3. A: Let’s (spend) the day at the zoo.
B: Well, I’ve already (be) there a couple of times, but I’m
happy (go) again.
4. A: How about (go) to the art museum? Th ere are some special
German paintings there right now.
B: Sure. When do you want (go)?
5. A: Have you ever (visit) the history museum?
B: No, I’ve never (be) there.
4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
Most of us (see) Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and other famous
Disney characters in cartoons before. But have you ever (be) to
Disneyland? Disneyland (be) an amusement park with a special
theme — Disney characters and movies. Th ere (be) many exciting
rides, lovely restaurants and fantastic gift shops there. You can also
(see) the Disney characters walking around the park. And have you ever
(hear) of a Disney Cruise? Th is (be) a boat ride
with a Disney theme. You can (take) a ride on the boat for several
days and eat and sleep on it. On the boat, you can (shop) and have
Disney parties before you (arrive) at the Disney island.
4c Answer the survey questions and then ask your partner.
Have you ever … You Your partner
been to another province in China?
lost something important?
68Have you ever been to a museum? UNIT 9
1a Match the pictures with the names.
Section
B a c
the Terracott a
Army
the Great Wall
the Bird’s Nest
the Palace Museum
b d
1b Listen to a student interviewing a foreign student. Check (✔) the
questions you hear.
Have you visited the Palace Museum?
Have you been to the Great Wall?
Have you been to the Bird’s Nest?
Have you seen the Terracott a Army?
Have you tried Chinese food?
1c LLiisstteenn aaggaaiinn aanndd ttaakkee nnootteess..
Name:
Country:
How long in China:
Places visited:
Food:
Have you visited …?
1d What places have you been to?
Have you been to …?
Ask your partner.
Have you seen …?
Have you tried …?
69
Page PBUNIT 9
2a What do you know or want to know about Singapore? Discuss it with
your group.
2b Read the article. How many reasons can you fi nd for visiting Singapore?
Making Notes
Singapore –– A Place You Will After reading, write down
Never Forget! three or more things you have
learned. We always remember
Have you ever been to Singapore? For
things better if we take time
thousands of tourists from China, this small
to refl ect.
island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful and
safe place to take a holiday. On the one hand, more than three quarters of the
population are Chinese, so you can simply speak Putonghua a lot of the time.
On the other hand, Singapore is an English-speaking country, so it’s also a good
place to practice your English!
Have you ever tried Chinese food outside of China? Maybe you fear that
you won’t be able to fi nd anything good to eat when you travel. In Singapore,
however, you’ll fi nd a lot of food from China; you won’t have any problem
gett ing rice, noodles or dumplings. Singapore is also an excellent place to
try new food. Whether you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food,
you’ll fi nd it all in Singapore!
Most large cities have zoos, but have you ever been to a zoo at night? Singapore
has a Night Safari. It might seem strange to go to a zoo when it’s dark.
However, if you go to see lions, tigers or foxes during the daytime, they’ll
probably be asleep! A lot of animals only wake up
at night, so this is the best time to watch them. At
the Night Safari, you can watch these animals in a
more natural environment than in a normal zoo.
One great thing about Singapore is that the
temperature is almost the same all year round.
This is because the island is so close to the
equator. So you can choose to go whenever
you like –– spring, summer, autumn or winter.
And, of course, it’s not too far from China!
70Have you ever been to a museum? UNIT 9
2c Th e statements below are false. Use information from the article to
correct them.
1. Most people in Singapore only speak English.
2. It is not easy to get many diff erent kinds of good food in Singapore.
3. It is bett er to see lions and tigers during the daytime because they will
probably be awake.
4. It is best to visit Singapore in the autumn.
2d Fill in the conversation about Singapore using the information from
the article.
A: I’m going to Singapore next week. you ever there before?
B: Yes, I’ve to Singapore many times. It’s my favorite country to visit in
Asia.
A: What languages do people there?
B: Mostly Chinese and .
A: What about the food? Is it good?
B: It’s excellent! you ever tried Indian food? Indian food is really good
in Singapore.
A: I see. Have you heard of the Night Safari? Someone told me to go there.
B: Yes! I been to the Night Safari. It was really exciting to the
animals in the dark.
A: And is it always in Singapore?
B: All round! It’s always summer there!
2e Make notes about Singapore. Write down anything that you remember.
Do not look at the article.
3a Make a list of facts
Size and location:
about your hometown
Population:
or a place you have
Weather:
been to. Th ink about
History:
these topics.
Places to visit:
Th ings to eat:
71
Page PBUNIT 9
3b Write an article to advertise your
Have you ever tried/seen/been …?
hometown or a place you have
been to. If you …, you will/can …
You should …
One great thing about … is …
Self Check
1 Think about the things below and write an answer for each one.
1. One thing that you have collected before:
2. One invention that you have found to be very useful:
3. One unbelievable or unusual thing that you’ve seen or heard recently:
4. One way that you’ve used to encourage a friend in the past:
5. One peaceful and quiet place that you’ve been to recently:
2 Complete the conversation.
A: Hey, John. are you doing this weekend?
B: Not much, Mark. I don’t really have any plans yet.
A: you ever been to the space museum?
B: , I have. I there last month.
A: Oh, how it?
B: It was great. I been there many times.
A: I see. I never there.
B: Well, let’s go this weekend then. I there was a show about China’s
space program. I forward to seeing it.
A: Perfect!
3 Complete the chart.
Have you ever been to a/an … How many times? What did you see/do there?
home for old people?
farm?
amusement park?
72U 10
NIT
Section
A I’ve had this bike for
three years.
Language Goal:
How long
Talk about have you had that I‛ve had it for
bike over there? three years! I learned
possessions how to ride a bike
on it.
and things
around you
1a Look at the things at the yard sale. Do you have any of these things at
home? How long have you had them?
1b Listen and check (✔) the facts you hear.
Jeff ’s family is having a yard sale.
Amy thinks it’s hard to sell her old things.
Jeff has had his bike for more than 10 years.
Amy wants to keep her old things because they bring back sweet memories.
You can also give old things away to people in need.
A: Th is is a really old book.
1c Practice the
B: Yes, I’ve had it for seven years. I’ve read it three times.
conversation. Th en
A: Why are you selling it?
make conversations
B: Because I don’t read it anymore.
about other things
A: How much is it?
in the picture above.
B: You can have it for 75 cents.
73
Page PBUNIT 10
2a Listen and check (✔) the things Amy’s family are
giving away and circle the things they are keeping.
book magazine toy bear toy lion toy tiger
bread maker sweater dress hat scarf
2b Listen again and fi ll in the blanks.
1. Amy has had her favorite for three years.
2. Amy has had the toy since she was a .
3. Amy’s mom has had the old bread maker for more than
years.
4. Amy can give away the and because they
do not fi t her anymore.
2c Student A is Amy’s mom. Student B is Amy. Make conversations.
A: Amy, can we give away these soft toys?
B: Mom, I want to keep the bear.
A: Why? It’s so old.
B: Because I’ve had it since I was a baby.
2d Role-play the conversation.
Linda: Welcome to the Sunshine Home for Children. I’m Linda.
Amy: Hi, I’m Amy. I have some things for the kids. I’ve had this magazine for
a couple of months. Th e stories inside may be a bit old, but they’re still
interesting.
Linda: Great! Many children here love reading.
Amy: And check out these soft toys and board games for younger kids. I’ve had
them since I was a child. Th ere’s also a sweater and a dress.
Linda: Perfect! We always need toys and clothes.
Amy: One last thing is a bread maker. My mom’s had it for a long time but it still
works.
Linda: Th anks so much!
74I’ve had this bike for three years. UNIT 10
3a Read the article writt en by a father for a newspaper. What is his family
going to sell at the yard sale?
My children are growing up fast. My daughter is 16 and my
boy is already in junior high school. As they get bigger, our
house seems to get smaller. So we want to sell some of our
things in a yard sale and give the money to a children’s home.
We have already cleared out a lot of things from our bedrooms.
We have decided to each sell fi ve things that we no longer
use. My son was quite sad at fi rst. Although he has not played
with his old toys for a long time, he still wanted to keep them.
For example, he has owned a train and railway set since his fourth birthday, and he
played with it almost every week until he was about seven. And he did not want to
lose his toy monkey, either. He slept next to the monkey every night when he was a
child. My daughter was more understanding, although
she also felt sad to part with certain toys.
As for me, I did not want to give up my football shirts,
but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now. I
am gett ing older, too!
3b Read the article again and answer the questions.
1. Why did they decide to have a yard sale?
2. What do they want to do with the money from the sale?
3. Why does the son want to keep his train and railway set?
4. How can the old toys be useful again?
5. Have you ever thought about having a yard sale to sell your things?
What would you do with the money you raise?
3c Find the words or phrases in the article which can be replaced with the
ones below and write them next to the words.
lose — part with kids —
truthful — many —
some time — even though —
quickly — older —
75
Page PBUNIT 10
Grammar
Focus
How long have you had that bike I’ve had it for three years.
over there?
How long has his son owned the He’s owned it since his fourth birthday.
train and railway set?
Have you ever played football? Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t
played for a while now.
4a Rewrite the sentences using for or since.
1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago.
Jim has been in Japan for three days.
2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.
3. The boy has a toy gun. His mother bought it for him in 2022.
4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago.
5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.
4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. I (never be) to the beach before. I want to (go)
next month and see the beautiful sand and sea.
2. They (never own) any pets, but they (always
want) to have a dog.
3. We (have) a piano since last November. We
(buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.
4. Cathy and Amy (not be) back to their hometown for two
years. They (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the
place next year.
5. This museum (be) here for over 20 years. It
(be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.
4c Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.
1. Do you have a(n) ? How long have you had it?
2. Do you own a(n) ? How long have you owned it?
Students Things How long
favorite book for two years
Tony
basketball since he was 10 years old
Student 1
Student 2
76I’ve had this bike for three years. UNIT 10
1a Check (✔) the places or things you can fi nd in your
Section
town or city.
B a museum a primary school a bridge
a zoo a park a hill
a library a river
1b Listen and answer the questions.
1. Does Martin like Jenny’s hometown?
2. Does Jenny still live in her hometown?
3. What is behind the science museum? What do people do there on weekends?
1c Listen again and fi ll in the chart about the places in Jenny’s hometown.
Place New or old? How long has it been there?
town library
science museum
restaurant down the street
1d Talk about your town/city with a partner.
A: My city is lovely.
B: What are some of the special places there?
A: Well, there’s a concert hall there. It’s been
around for at least 20 years.
77
Page PBUNIT 10
2a Answer the questions before you read. Then read the passage to find
out how similar your answers are to the passage.
1. What changes have you seen in your hometown?
2. What has stayed the same in your hometown?
Hometown Feelings
Using Previous Knowledge
We can often guess what a Many people choose to leave their towns and
text is about by using what villages to search for work in the city. Among these
we already know. Answering
people is Zhong Wei, a 46-year-old husband and
questions before we read can
also help us do this. father. He has worked in Wenzhou for almost
13 years. With a busy job in a crayon factory, he
doesn’t have time to return to his village often. On a recent visit, he said, “It’s
a shame that I had to leave my hometown. I’ve always wanted to move back.
It has improved so much since I left.”
Nowadays, more and more hometowns are changing for the better. Large
hospitals and new schools have appeared. And in many places, the government
has also built new roads and bridges. This has made traveling between villages,
towns, and cities much easier. Thanks to the new roads around his village,
Zhong Wei will now be able to open an online shop that sells delicious food
from his hometown.
Zhong Wei also likes the new school in his village. “The old school opened in
the middle of the last century,” said Zhong Wei. “The classrooms we used to
read and count in were really small. Now there’s a completely new school with
a big library. Some city schools have also sent teachers to help out.”
Zhong Wei regards such developments as important steps for his hometown.
According to him, however, one thing will never change. “In my hometown,
there is a big old tree opposite the school. It has become quite a symbol of the
place. When I was young, my friends and I liked to play under that big tree,
especially in the summer. We had such a happy childhood. Our hometown
has given us so many great memories.”
78I’ve had this bike for three years. UNIT 10
2b Find expressions in the passage that have the same meanings as these
words and phrases.
1. look for 5. go back
2. consider 6. changes
3. across from 7. area
4. in one’s opinion
2c Complete the summary with words from the passage. You may need to
change the forms of the words.
People often leave their to work in the . Zhong
Wei is one such person, and he really misses his hometown. He has worked in a
factory in Wenzhou for close to years.
More and more hometowns are changing for the . The
has built many new buildings and roads. Zhong Wei thinks
the changes in his hometown are very . He is especially happy
about the new in his village. However, he believes that one thing
change—the lovely old tree opposite his school. His hometown is
the place that holds all his best memories.
2d Think of changes that are happening in your town or city today. Which
changes are generally good? Which changes could be seen as bad?
3a Think about your favorite thing from childhood
which you still have. For example, it can be a toy
or a book. Then take notes using the questions.
1. How long have you had it?
2. How did you get it? Did someone give it to you? Who?
3. Why do you like it so much? Why is it special?
4. Can you say anything more about it?
79
Page PBUNIT 10
3b Write three paragraphs about your favorite thing. Use your notes in 3a
to help you.
In the fi rst paragraph, My favorite thing fr om childhood is .
introduce your favorite I’ve had it for/since .
thing. gave it to me.
In the second paragraph, I like so much because .
talk about why it is It’s special to me because . I think
special. .
In the third paragraph, has given me many memories.
write about a story or I remember when .
memories.
Self Check
1 Complete the sentences using for or since.
1. I haven’t been to a museum
2. I haven’t writt en a lett er
3. I haven’t ridden a bike
4. I haven’t seen a movie
5. I haven’t played computer games
2 Complete the conversation.
A: Hey Eric, you enjoyed your time in Beijing so far?
B: Yes, it been great! Everyone is so friendly.
A: How long you been in China now?
B: Oh, I here about two years now.
A: Wow, that means you haven’t back to the US for two years?
B: No, I been back twice moving to China.
you been to the US before, Li Juan?
A: Yes, I went there once when I 10 years old, but I
not been back then.
80Notes on the Text
Notes on the Text
Unit 1 What’s the matter?
1. ... bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man
lying on the side of the road. ⋯⋯26路公交车正行驶在中华路上，这时司机看到一位
老人躺在路边。
1） 此句中bus No. 26 was going along Zhonghua Road使用的是过去进行时，表示
过去一段时间正在进行的动作。与现在进行时相比，过去进行时只是将be动词由is/am/
are改为was/were，动词仍然使用-ing形式。该时态将在本册第5单元正式学习。
when常常用来引出时间状语从句，当放在过去进行时构成的主句之后时，表示“某
事正在进行时，另一件事情发生了”。再如：
I was just getting into the shower when the telephone rang. 我正要冲澡，就在这个
时候电话响了起来。
2） see someone doing something是一个固定结构，表示“看到某人正在从事某事
或正处于某种状态”。又如：
When they went in, they saw some children playing happily in the garden. 他们进
去的时候，看到一些孩子正在花园里高兴地玩耍。
We saw him standing there alone, not knowing what to do. 我们看见他独自站在那
里，不知做什么是好。
2. The bus driver ... stopped the bus without thinking twice. 公交司机⋯⋯没有多
想便停下了车。
think twice是英语中一种固定的表述，表示在做某事之前“认真思考；权衡利弊”。
例如：
We must think twice before we make this decision! 在我们做出这个决定前，必须
认真思考！
Think twice about it. Maybe you’ll change your mind. 好好想想，也许你会改变主
意的。
3. Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in
time. 多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了老人的生命。
thanks to someone/something表示“多亏；因为；由于”的意思。再如：
Today, thanks to the Internet, you can do all your shopping from home. 如今多亏
81
Page PBNotes on the Text
有了互联网，你在家里就能买到你所要买的东西了。
Thanks to your program, we got to know each other. 因为你们的节目，我们方能相
互认识。
4. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. 有
好多次，阿伦差点因为意外丢掉性命。
此句含有一个由when引导的定语从句，when Aron almost lost his life because of
accidents修饰前面的名词times。再如：
I thought of the happy days when I stayed in Beijing. 我想起了待在北京的那些快乐
的日子。
He still remembers the time when you gave him this book as a gift. 他依然记得你把
这书当作礼物送给他的时候。
5. After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place. 失
去了手臂之后，他写了一本名为《生死两难》的书。
此处Between a Rock and a Hard Place是一本书的书名，可译作《生死两难》。实
际上，between a rock and a hard place本身就是英语的一个固定习语，表示在艰难或危
险的处境下“从两难中进行选择”，意为“左右为难；进退两难”。例如：
Who will you save when your mother and wife both fall into the water? For many
people, it’s between a rock and a hard place. 当你的母亲和妻子同时落水，你会救谁？对
许多人来说，这是一个两难的选择。
6. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. 它
的意思是“处于一个你似乎无法摆脱的困境之中”。
1） 此处mean表示“⋯⋯意思是；意为”，用来解释上句出现在书名中的习语的意
思。再如：
What do you mean? 你的意思是什么？
此外，mean还可表示“意味着”的意思。如课文结尾的句子：
... before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death. 在我们不得不做
出可能意味着生死的决定之前⋯⋯
2） a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of和a decision that could
mean life or death均包含定语从句。在前者中，从句that you cannot seem to get out of
修饰名词situation；在后者中，从句that could mean life or death修饰名词decision。
Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
1. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们给我讲过去
的生活经历，讲过去是什么样子的。
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used to be在此表示过去一度存在但现在已经消失的某一特定的情形。作这一用法
时，used to常与be, have, live, stay, like, love等词连用，表示“曾；曾经”，例如：
She used to be a very close friend of mine. 她曾是我十分贴心的一位朋友。
I used to live in that city for the first twenty years of my life. 我（一生）最初的20年
曾生活在那座城市。
used to还可用来表示“过去常做某事，但现在不那样了”。例如：
He used to arrive late last year, but now he doesn’t. 他去年常常迟到，但现在不了。
Did you use to sing when you took a shower? 你以前经常在洗澡时唱歌吗？
2. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and
the look of joy on their owners’ faces. 当我看到动物们（病情）渐好，看到它们主人
脸上的喜悦表情时，我产生出那么一种极强的满足感来。
此句中get的两次用法意义各不相同。第一个get的意思是“产生；形成”，为及物动
词，常与feeling（感觉；情感），idea（想法；主意）等词搭配使用。例如：
Do you get the feeling that we’re not welcome here? 你有这里不欢迎我们的感觉吗？
How did you get such an idea? 你怎么会产生这样一个想法？
第二个get是系动词，后接形容词，表示体质、情绪、天气等方面的改变，通常译作
“变得；变为”。例如：
He got angry with me after that. 那之后他生起了我的气。
It’s getting hotter now. 现在天气变得热起来了。
3. She could read by herself at the age of four. 她在四岁时就能够独自看书了。
此句中“by+反身代词”表示“独自地；独立地”，常与动词或动词短语连用，作句
子的方式状语。再如：
Children should learn to do things by themselves. 孩子们应当学习独立做事。
4. Volunteering here is a dream come true for me. 在这里当志愿者对我来说是梦想成真。
此句中a dream come true表示“梦想成为现实；梦想成真”，是一个常见的表达方式。
再如：
I got the latest CD player as a birthday present yesterday. It was just a dream come
true! 昨天我收到了一份生日礼物，是那种最新的光碟播放机，真是梦想成真了！
I’ve always wanted to visit Yunnan, so going there on vacation next month will be a
dream come true for me. 我一直都想去云南，所以下个月到那儿度假对我来说将是梦想
成真。
5. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky. 有了你的帮助，我才有可能
拥有“幸运儿”（狗名） 。
此句中make it possible for someone to do something是一种固定结构，表示“使
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得某人有可能做某事”。在这个句型中，it仅是一个形式上的宾语，真正的宾语是to do
something，又如：
Mr. Green makes it possible for us to learn English easily and in an interesting way
in his class.格林先生使我们能够在他的课堂上通过有趣的方式轻松地学习英语。
Computer technology makes it possible for many people to work at home. 电脑技
术使得许多人在家便可办公。
6. She talked to Animal Helpers about getting me a special trained dog. 她与“动
物帮手”组织联系，试图给我找一条特殊的、经过训练的狗。
此处Animal Helpers大写首字母，为专有名词，指“ 动物帮手”这一组织。若小写，
an animal helper则可指任何给人提供某种帮助的动物。例如：
In my life, I see different animals used as animal helpers. We have, for example, dog
helpers, monkey helpers, elephant helpers and so on. 我一生中见到过不同的动物用作动
物帮手。例如，我们有狗狗帮手、猴子帮手、大象帮手等等。
Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
1. Tony, could you please help out with a few things? 托尼，你能帮忙做几件事吗？
help out (with something) 是一个动词短语，表示在某人繁忙或遇到困难时“给予
帮助”。再如本单元中这句话：
You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house!你老是看电视，从
不帮忙干家务。
另外，在help和out之间还可加入具体的“人”。例如：
Can you help me out? 你能帮我一把吗？
They helped (us) out with the clean-up. 他们帮助我们做大扫除。
2. ... because Mom will be back from shopping any minute now. ……因为妈妈随时
都会买完东西回来。
any minute now是一种常见的口语表达法，相当于“随时；马上；在任何时刻”的
意思，表示事情有可能在极短的时间内发生或眼下就要发生。在这一结构中，minute还
可用second, moment, time等词替换。例如：
The guests are arriving any time now but we’re still not ready. 客人们即刻就到，但
我们还没有准备好。
We’re expecting them any moment now. 我们期待他们随时到来。
3.“ What happened?” she asked in surprise. 她惊讶地问道：“发生什么事了？”
此句中介词短语in surprise表示状态，意思是“吃惊地；惊讶地”。再如：
She looked at me in great surprise and asked after a long while“, Didn’t you just
84Notes on the Text
leave for Australia this morning?” 她极其惊讶地看着我，好长一会儿才问道：“你不是今
早才离开去澳大利亚了吗？”
4. It is the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home
for their children. 在家中给他们的孩子提供一个干净、舒适的环境是家长们的事情。
此处代词it仅为形式上的主语，真正的主语是to provide ... for their children。我们
也可将It is one’s job (duty, ...) to do something.视为一个固定的句型，表示“做某事是
某人的工作（职责等）”。又如：
It’s every teacher’s job to explain things clearly to the students. 把东西给学生讲明
白是每一位老师应做的事情。
5. And anyway, I think doing chores is not so difficult. 反正我觉得干点家务也不太难。
anyway是一个副词，若位于句首，其后往往会有逗号将其与句子的其他内容隔开。
anyway在此句中的作用是追加评论，相当于汉语的“反正；仍然；依然”。又如：
Sam didn’t get the job, but he’s not unhappy because it didn’t pay well anyway.萨
姆没有得到那份工作，但他并没有闷闷不乐，反正薪酬也不算高。
anyway还可用来表示“不管怎样；无论如何”之意，例如：
It’s just a cold. But anyway, you should still see the doctor. 这只不过是感冒，但不
管怎样，你还是应该看看医生。
6. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. 孩子们
越早学会独立，对他们的未来就越好。
“the+比较级+⋯⋯，the+比较级+⋯⋯”是英语中一个常用的句型结构，表示
“越⋯⋯，就越⋯⋯”。又如：
The more he explained, the better we understood. 他解释得越多，我们就理解得越
透彻。
Many people believe that the more a person reads, the wiser he will become. 很多
人相信一个人书读得越多就会变得越聪明。
Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
1. Although she’s wrong, it’s not a big deal. 尽管她做得不对，但也没什么了不起的。
big deal是英语中的一个固定搭配，表示“重要的事情或状况”，多用于非正式交流。
作否定用法时，常说It’s not a big deal.或It’s no big deal.表示说话人并不认为某事有什
么了不起。例如：
There’s a soccer game on TV this evening but I don’t have to watch it. It’s no big
deal. 今天晚上电视上有一场足球赛，但我不一定要看。没什么大不了的。
big deal也经常用于肯定和疑问结构中。例如：
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It’s a big deal, David, bigger than you know. 这事挺重要的，戴维，比你所知道的要
重要。
What’s the big deal? It’s only a birthday, not the end of the world. 有什么了不起
的？这不过是个生日，又不是世界末日。
2. Hope things work out. 希望事情会好起来。
这是一种常见的表达法，表示某些不如人意的事情会随时间的推移逐渐有所改观。
句中work out为短语动词，表示“解决（问题）；改善（状况） ”之意。又如：
Don’t worry. Things will work out. 别担心，事情会慢慢解决的。
Do you want to stay with us to see how things work out? 你想和我们待在一起，看
看事情如何得以解决吗？
3. They fight a lot, and I really don’t like it. 他们经常争吵，我真的不喜欢这样。
此处fight为“吵架；（激烈的）争吵”之意。又如：
Although they just got married, they’re fighting almost every day. 虽然他们刚结婚，
但几乎天天吵架。
fight另有“打架”之意，应注意结合语境进行区分。例如：
My little brothers are always fighting. 我的小弟弟们老是打架。
As kids, we always fought for toys in the kindergarten, but now we’re pretty good
friends. 儿时我们在幼儿园里总是打架争抢玩具，可如今我们是相当好的朋友。
4. Sad and Thirteen 伤心13
这是一个利用普通词汇组合而成的“ 名字”，将人物的心情和年龄组合在一起，意思
是“一个伤心的13岁孩子”。作为人名，可译作“伤心13”。
5. Maybe I could cut out a few of their activities, but ... 或许我可以减掉他们几个活
动，但⋯⋯
此处cut out是一个短语动词，表示“删除；剪下”或“停止；戒除”等。再如：
Don’t cut your parents out of your lives. 不要把父母从你的生活中赶出去。
If you cut out the drinking, you’d feel much healthier. 如果你戒掉酒，就会觉得身
体好很多。
6. People shouldn’t push their kids so hard. 人们不该对自己的孩子逼得太紧。
动词push的基本意思是“推；推动”，例如：
Don’t push this door; you have to pull it open. 别推这扇门，你得把它拉开才行。
但是在本单元中，push表示“使（某人） 努力；鞭策；督促”，其后宾语可以是别
人或自己。例如：
The math teacher really pushes his students. That’s why they don’t like him that
much. 那位数学老师确实对学生们鞭策过多了，这就是他们不那么喜欢他的原因。
86Notes on the Text
Lucy should push herself a little harder. 露西应该鞭策自己再加把劲儿了。
Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?
1. With no light outside, it felt like midnight. 外面没有光亮，感觉就像半夜一样。
此句中介词with表示一种伴随的状况，同时还包含着某种因果关系，表示“因某种
状况的存在而导致……”，因此可译作“由于；因为”等。例如：
With my parents away, I’m the king of the house. 我爸妈不在，我可是家中的“王”
了!
I can’t work with all that noise going on. 由于那噪音响着，我无法工作。
2. Ben’s dad ... while his mom was making sure the flashlights and radio were
working. 本的爸爸……，同时他妈妈在确认手电筒和收音机都能正常使用。
1） 此句中的连词while的意思是“当……的时候；和……同时”，while还可以表示
“而；然而；但（是）”之意，用来说明或强调两种事情或情形的不同。例如：
Tom is active and outgoing while his sister Rosa is shy and quiet. 汤姆活跃外向，
而他的妹妹罗莎却羞怯腼腆。
2） make sure的意思是“确认；查明；核实；确保；设法保证”，其后可接句子，或
接介词of及宾语，用来引入需要确认的内容。例如：
Could you make sure what time he’s arriving? I would like to go and meet him at
the airport. 你确认一下他几点到达好吗？我想去机场接他。
Make sure you turn off the TV before you leave the house. 在你离开屋子前确认关
闭了电视。
3） 此句中的work表示机器、器官等的“运作；运转”，这是动词work的一种基本
用法。再如：
My watch is waterproof — that means it would work fine even if it’s in water. 我的
手表是防水的——这就是说即便在水里它也会正常运转。
My brain isn’t working well now. 这会儿我的脑子不好使。
3. On this day, Dr. Martin Luther King was killed. 这一天，马丁·路德·金博士遇
害了。
1） 马丁·路德·金（Martin Luther King, Jr.，1929~1968）是美国黑人领袖。在
20世纪50~60年代，他为改善美国黑人的社会权利及地位做了大量的工作，赢得了美国
各阶层人民的尊重和爱戴，为世界所关注，并于1964年荣获“诺贝尔和平奖”。
2） was killed的意思是“被杀害”，表达的是被动关系。语法上将这种语言现象称作
“被动语态”，我们将在九年级正式学习这一语法项目。
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4. ... most Americans remember what they were doing when the World Trade
Center in New York was taken down by terrorists. ⋯⋯绝大多数美国人都记得纽约世
贸中心被恐怖分子摧毁时他们在做什么。
1） 纽约世贸中心
世界贸易中心（World Trade Center）简称“世贸中心”，是一个由两座并立的塔式
摩天楼（被称作“双子塔”）、四座办公楼和一座旅馆组成的建筑群，主体于1973年建成
使用，曾以世界最高的双子塔闻名于世，是美国纽约的地标之一。2001年9月11日，世
贸中心被恐怖分子用所劫持的民航班机撞击摧毁，这就是举世震惊的“9·11事件”。
2） 此句中was taken down也是被动语态，意思是“被摧毁”。其中take down表示将建
筑物或高的物体“拆掉；拆除；拆卸”，此处根据上下文可翻译成“摧毁；毁掉”。又如：
They’re talking about how to take that wall down. 他们在讨论如何拆除那堵墙。
5. She remembers working in her office near the two towers. 她记得当时（自己） 正
在距两座塔楼不远的办公室工作。
1） towers在句子中指的是世贸中心的双子塔。
2） remember (someone) doing something是一种固定搭配，表示“记得（某人）
曾经做过某事”，其中remember可表示“记得；回忆起；想起；记住”等意思。例如：
I don’t remember seeing him anywhere. 我不记得在什么地方见过他。
He remembered meeting her at a party once. 他回想起曾在一次聚会上见过她。
I remember my father bringing home a large Christmas tree. 我记得父亲带回家一
棵很大的圣诞树。
Unit 6 An old man tried to move the mountains.
1. But what could Yu Gong do instead of moving the mountains? 但是不把山移开，
愚公还能做什么呢？
instead of是一个介词短语，表示“代替（某人或某物）；而不是（某人或某物）”的
意思。再如：
Would you pass me the sugar instead of salt? 你能把糖递给我吗？不要递给我盐。
Instead of being annoyed, he seemed quite pleased. 他没有生气，反而看起来还挺
高兴。
2. Once upon a time, there was a very old man ...很久以前，有一位老翁⋯⋯
once upon a time的意思是“从前；很久以前”，是英文故事、童话开头常见的一种
叙述方式，另一个类似的说法是long (, long) ago或a long time ago。又如：
Once upon a time there was a mountain. And in the mountain, there was ... 从前有
座山，山里有⋯⋯
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Long, long ago, a bird gave a monkey a gift. 很久很久以前，小鸟送给猴子一件礼物。
3. But unless he can hide his tail, he cannot turn himself into a man. 但是如果他不
能把尾巴藏起来，他就不能把自己变成人。
unless的意思是“如果不；若非；除非”，它引导的是一个条件状语从句，相当于
if ... not。因此，上面的句子可以改写为：But if he cannot hide his tail, he cannot turn
himself into a man.
再如本单元中的这三个句子：
The wife told her husband that unless he left the children to die in the forest, the
whole family would die. 妻子告诉丈夫，如果他不把孩子们扔到森林里让他们自生自灭，
全家人都会死。
Unless I do, we’ll be lost. 如果我不这样做，我们会迷路的。
Unless we do, we won’t find our way out. 我们如果不这么做，就找不到出去的路。
4. One year, the weather was so dry that no food would grow. 有一年，天气太干旱
了，以至于粮食颗粒不长。
so ... that ... 是一个常见的句式结构，即：副词so＋形容词或副词＋that引导的句
子，表示“如此⋯⋯以至于⋯⋯”。又如本单元中的这个句子：That bird’s song is so
beautiful that we should follow it. 那只鸟的歌声是如此美妙，我们应当跟着它走。
有时这个句式中的that可以省略，如：
Everything happened so quickly I didn’t have time to think. 一切发生得是那么快，
我连思考的时间都没有。
5. We thought you were never coming back. 我们以为你们再也不回来了。
We thought ...表示人们过去的某种想法、判断等，可以译作“我们原想⋯⋯；我们
本以为⋯⋯”。又如：
I thought he would come, but he didn’t. 我原想他会来的，但他却没有。
6. As soon as you wake up, you must go to the forest with your father. 你们一醒来
就必须和爸爸去森林里。
as soon as表示“一⋯⋯就⋯⋯”，再如本单元中这个句子：As soon as the moon
rises, we can follow them instead. 月亮一升起来，我们就可以顺着它们（面包屑）走了。
7. It’s leading us to that wonderful house made of bread, cake and candy. 它在把
我们引向那座由面包、蛋糕和糖果做成的美妙房屋。
此句中made of bread, cake and candy作定语，修饰名词house，形容词wonderful
也是house的定语。在英语中，大部分形容词作定语修饰名词时应前置，短语或句子作
定语修饰名词时则后置。又如：
the young people in the room 屋子里的年轻人
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Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in the world?
1. Feel free to ask me anything on today’s Great Wall tour. 在今天的长城游中，大
家尽管问我任何问题，不要拘束。
feel free是英语口语中一个常用表达。若有人让你feel free to do something，就是让
你无需拘束，只管按照自己的意愿去做某事。例如：
A: Can I use your bathroom? 我可以用一下你的卫生间吗？
B: Yes, feel free. 可以，请随意。
2. As far as I know, there are no other man-made objects as big as this. 据我所知，
再没有其他像它这样大的人造物体了。
as far as I know是一个固定的表达方式，还可以说so far as I know，意思是“据我
所知”。例如：
As far as I know, Jack’s got twin sisters. 就我所知，杰克有一对孪生姐妹。
They’re not coming today, so far as I know. 他们今天不来了——就我所知是这样的。
3. the Ming Great Wall 明长城
“明长城”是指明朝时期为了防御北方游牧民族的骚扰，在北部地区修筑的军事防御
工程。这段长城东起辽宁虎山，西至甘肃嘉峪关，从东向西横贯多个省、直辖市、自治
区，全长约8850千米，是现存历代长城遗迹中最完整、最坚固的。
4. Even more serious difficulties include freezing weather conditions and heavy
storms. 更加严峻的困难包括极冷的天气状况和巨大的风暴。
1） difficulty既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，在此用作可数名词。作可数名词时，
difficulty通常用作复数，表示具体概念，即：各种各样的“困难；难题；难事”。例如：
People learning a new language may face some difficulties. 人们学习一门新的语言
时可能会遇到一些困难。
If you have any difficulties, you can call me for help. 如果你遇到任何困难，给我打
电话求助好了。
作不可数名词时，difficulty可译作“困难；艰难；辛苦；费劲”，例如：
He had great difficulty in finding a new job. 他找新的工作费了很大劲。
We found the house without difficulty. 我们轻而易举地找到了那座房子。
2） include表示“包括；包含”，是一个及物动词。例如：
Does your price of the bike include this light? 你们的车价包含这盏车灯吗？
5. The spirit of these climbers shows us that we should never give up trying to
achieve our dreams. 这些登山者的精神向我们表明：我们决不应该放弃实现自己梦想的
尝试。
1） give up doing something的意思是“放弃做某事；半途而废”。再如：
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He gave up learning a third language after he got the job. 他找到工作之后就放弃了
对第三门语言的学习。
2） achieve our dreams相当于make our dreams come true，其中动词achieve表示
“（通过努力）实现；取得；获取；达到（梦想、成绩、成功、目的）”等。例如：
He achieved great success in a short time. 他用很短的时间取得了极大的成功。
Lin Tao achieved very good exam results. 林涛考试取得了很好的成绩。
6. ... they run over to them with excitement and some of the young pandas even
walk into their friends and fall over! ⋯⋯它们兴奋地跑向饲养员，其中一些年幼的熊
猫甚至撞上自己的伙伴而跌倒！
此句中run over, walk into和fall over均为短语动词。
1） run over的意思是“跑上前去；跑过去”，其中over用作副词，表示“从⋯⋯的
一边到另一边；穿越”。例如：
She ran over to say hello, but I didn’t recognize her. 她跑过来打招呼，但我没有认
出她来。
2） walk into表示“（走路时意外地）撞上”。例如：
As he was thinking too deeply and not paying attention to where he was going, he
walked straight into a tree. 由于他陷入沉思，没有注意看路，径直撞到了一棵树上。
3） fall over表示“摔倒；跌跤；倒下”。例如：
Don’t run too fast, or you might fall over. 别跑得太快，要不你会摔跤的。
Many trees fell over after the storm. 暴风雨后许多树木都倒了。
fall over something则表示“被某物绊倒”，例如：
Tommy fell over the dog and broke his front teeth. 汤米被那只狗绊了一跤，磕断了
门牙。
7. Scientists say there are now fewer than 2,000 pandas living in the forests. 科学
家们说如今生活在森林里的熊猫不足2000只。
此句中living in the forests是一个现在分词短语，用作定语，修饰名词pandas。又如：
the girls singing under the tree 树底下唱歌的姑娘们
the women washing clothes by the river 河边洗衣服的妇女们
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet?
1. Have you at least read the back of the book to see what it’s about? 至少你已经读
过书的背面，了解了它的大致内容了吧？
此句中的动词see表示“（通过查看、打听等）弄清、了解；查看、发现（信息或事
实）”。作这种用法时，see常接how, what, when等引导的宾语从句。例如：
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He agreed to go with me to see what was wrong. 他同意跟我去了解一下毛病出在哪里。
First of all, we need to take some time to see how it works. 首先，我们需要花些时
间了解一下它是如何运作的。
2. The book report is due in two weeks. 读书报告两周后必须交。
此处due为形容词，意思是“预定；预期；预计”，后边引出预期的时间、地点等，
还常常构成短语be due (to do something)或be due (for something)。例如：
Our plane is due at Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport at 12:30. 我们的飞机
预计于12:30降落在上海虹桥国际机场。
Rose is due to start school in January. 罗丝一月份就要开始上学了。
You are due for a medical examination next month. 你的身体检查预定在下个月
（必须完成）。
3. The Toms must be popular. 汤姆乐队一定很受欢迎。
1） 此处the Toms是一个虚构的音乐团队的名称，可能是由若干个名叫Tom的男子所
组成（或起主要作用）的乐队。英语中“the +姓或名的复数形式”这一结构可用来表示某
一群体，如表示某一姓氏的家庭，或同名的某几个人所组成的小群体。如：the Greens（格
林一家，相当于the Green family），the Jacks（杰克小组；杰克社团；杰克帮）等。
2） 此句中情态动词must的意思是“一定；准是”，而非“必须”。作这一用法时，
must表示推测，暗含很大的可能性。又如：
They must be there by now. 他们现在准到那儿了。
情态动词表示推测的用法将在九年级正式学习。
4. the“ good old days”过去的好时光
英语中the good old days是一个习惯用语，指一个人人生中或历史上的一段比现在
更好的幸福时光，可译作“过去的好日子”。例如：
I really miss the good old days we used to spend together by the lake. 我真怀念我们
曾一起在湖畔度过的美好时光。
In the good old days, going to a movie only cost 5 cents. 在当初的好日子里，去看
一场电影只要5分钱就够了。
5. I hope to see him sing live one day! 我希望有一天看到他现场演唱！
1） see someone do something 是一个常见的结构，表示“看见某人做某事”。英
语中有一些表示感知的动词，如see（看）、watch（观看）、feel（感觉）、hear（听到）、
listen to（听）、smell（嗅）等用于主动态时，后面可以接名词（或代词）+不带to的不定
式（或-ing形式）。又如：
I watched them get on the bus one by one, and then we waved goodbye to each
other.我看着他们一个个上了公共汽车，然后我们相互挥手道别。
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2） live可用作动词、形容词或副词，且用作不同词性时发音有所不同。作动词时，
live读作/lv/，表示“居住；生存；过⋯⋯生活”等含义。作形容词和副词时，live读作
/lav/。在上面的句子中，live为副词，意思是“在现场直播；在现场表演”。又如：
Lang Lang is playing live in our city tonight. 郎朗今晚在我们城市举办现场演奏。
Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?
1. I learned about the inventions that led to color movies, too. 我还了解了一些发
明，它们成就了彩色电影。
此处learn是“了解；获知；得知”的意思，由介词about或of引入所获知的具体内
容。例如：
The children were all shocked to learn of the death of their headmaster. 得知校长去
世，孩子们都十分震惊。
I only learned about the accident later. 我只是后来才得知了事故的情况。
2. I’ve never been camping. 我从未野营过。
此句为现在完成进行时（*初中阶段不要求掌握）。这一时态的结构为“have been +
现在分词”，表示从过去某一时刻一直延续至今的动作。在本句中，说话人使用这一时态
来强调自己至今从未有过野营的经历，欠缺这方面的经验。又如：
He’s been watching TV all afternoon. 他一下午都在看电视。
We’ve been living like this ever since the birth of my little brother. 自打我小弟弟出
生，我们就一直这样生活。
3. I wonder how much more computers will be able to do in the future.不知道将
来电脑还能够做些什么事情呢。
1） wonder表示“（对某事）感到疑惑；想要知道；想弄明白；琢磨”，后面常接由
what，how，who或if/whether（是否）引导的宾语从句。例如：
I wonder how they’re getting on. 我想知道他们现在过得怎样。
I just wonder if they’ve arrived safely. 我就想知道他们是否安全抵达了。
2） 此句从句部分的原始结构是： How much more will computers be able to do in the
future?由于充当了宾语从句，疑问结构被改成了陈述结构how much more computers
will be able to do in the future。
4. the International Museum of Toilets 国际厕所博物馆
这是位于印度新德里的一个主题式展览馆，收藏、陈列的马桶装置十分丰富，从古
至今，应有尽有，简直就是一部厕所的发展史。参观者可从不同角度去认识厕所的演变
史。同时，博物馆里还收藏了许多名人用过的厕所及相关物品的复制品，旨在开拓人们
视野，进行社会文明教育，推广环保宣传和研究。
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5. Watching the tea preparation is just as enjoyable as drinking the tea itself. 看沏
茶的过程和饮茶本身一样令人愉快。
-able是一个典型的形容词后缀，可加在动词之后，表示“可⋯⋯的；能够⋯⋯的”。
此处enjoyable（能使人快乐的；令人愉快的）便是一例，再如：drinkable（可饮用的），
washable（可洗的），readable（可读的），usable（可用的；可使用的）等等。
6. Singapore has a Night Safari. 新加坡有一个夜间野生动物园。
safari指在丛林及原野上的“野生动物观赏或狩猎之旅”。a safari park是指一种可供
驾车游览的“野生动物园”。
Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
1. yard sale庭院旧货出售
这是国外的一种风俗，也是一种独特的售货方式。人们利用周末，将家中搁置不用
的物件放在自家庭院中廉价出售，因而被称作yard sale，也可译作“庭院拍卖会”。
庭院售卖的物品种类繁多，应有尽有，大到家具、电器，小到玩具、衣物和鞋帽。
这些物品虽多数为二手家什，但也有全新的物品，且价钱合理公道，甚至还可讨价还价。
正是这种低廉、公道的价格及买家淘宝和碰大运的心理，使得yard sale广受欢迎，逐渐
演变成一种独特的文化现象。
2. Because I don’t read it anymore. 因为我不再看它了。
副词anymore亦可写作any more，常用于否定句的末尾，意思是“再也（不）；
（不）再”。not ... anymore相当于not ... any longer，例如：
You can have it, for I don’t need it anymore. 你可以把它拿走，因为我不再需要它了。
The doctor told me not to play computer games anymore. 大夫叫我别再玩电脑游戏了。
3. Because I’ve had it since I was a baby. 因为我还是个婴儿的时候就拥有它了。
since（自从⋯⋯）常常引导短语或从句，用于现在完成时的句子中。since引出从句
时，从句中一般使用过去时。再如：
I’ve had these soft toys since I was a child. 我还是个孩子的时候就有这些毛绒玩具了。
Since that unfortunate accident last week, I haven’t been sleeping well at all. 自从上
周发生了那次不幸的事故之后，我一直睡得很不好。
4. I’ve had this magazine for a couple of months. 这本杂志我买了几个月了。
1） a couple of有两种意思：其一，表示具体的数量“两个”，指两个相同的人或物
体；其二，表示数量不定的“少数几个”，作这种虚指的用法时，具体意思往往视上下文
和具体的语境而决定。例如：
You have to wait for a couple of hours for the clothes to dry completely. 你得等几个
小时让这些衣服完全干燥。
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Look! There are a couple of boys waiting for you at the door. 瞧！门口有两三个男
孩正在等你。
2） 介词for也常用在现在完成时的句子中，后面引出表示时间的词或短语，说明某
种情况已经持续了一段时间。再如：
Jeff has had his bike for more than 10 years. 杰夫已经拥有他的自行车超过10年了。
5. We have decided to each sell five things that we no longer use. 我们决定每人出
售五件不再使用的物品。
1） 此句中we no longer use是由that引导的定语从句，修饰前面的名词five things。
2） 句中no longer的意思是“不再；不复”，有时可用not ... any longer或not ...
anymore替换。再如：
He no longer lives here. (= He doesn’t live here anymore / any longer.) 他不再住这
儿了。
3） each在句中表示“（两个或两个以上的人或物中）各自；每个”。再如：
My sister and I each have an English-Chinese dictionary. 我和姐姐各有一本英汉词典。
6. ... but, to be honest, I have not played for a while now. ……但是，说实在的，现
在我已经有一段时间没玩了。
to be honest是英语口语中一个常用表达，表示“说实话；老实说”。英语中类似的
表达还有：to be frank，意思是“坦率地说”。例如：
To be honest, I don’t like him very much. 老实说，我不太喜欢他。
To be perfectly frank, I think that’s a crazy idea. 坦白相告，我认为那是个荒唐的主意。
7. It’s a shame that I had to leave my hometown. 真是遗憾，我不得不离开了家乡。
It’s a shame之后可接由that（可省略）引导的从句或不定式，表示一种不如人愿的
情形（an unhappy situation），也可单独使用，相当于汉语中“（……）真遗憾、多可惜
啊”的意思。例如：
It’s a shame that you have to leave so soon. 真遗憾你这么快就要走了。
It’s a shame to cover this beautiful table with a tablecloth. 把这张漂亮的桌子用桌布
盖起来真是可惜。
A: I didn’t have enough money to buy the guitar I wanted.我没有足够的钱，买不
了我想要的吉他。
B: It’s a shame!真是遗憾呀！
shame还可表示“（因做错事而感到的）羞愧；惭愧”，例如：
His face burned with shame. 他的脸因羞愧而发烫。
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Unit 1 What’s the matter? Judy: I’m sorry, but it’s very difficult for me
Section A, 1b to talk.
Conversation 1 Nurse: Oh, dear. What’s the matter?
Nurse: You don’t look well. What’s the matter, Judy: I talked too much yesterday and didn’t
Sarah? drink enough water. I have a very sore
Sarah: I was playing with my friends at the park throat now.
yesterday. Then it got windy, but I didn’t Section A, 2a, 2b
put on my jacket. Now I have a cold. Conversation 1
Conversation 2 Girl 1: You don’t look well. Your face looks a
Nurse: What’s the matter, David? Are you OK? bit red.
David: I ate too much junk food at my friend’s Girl 2: Yeah, and my head feels very hot.
birthday party. So last night, I got a What should I do?
stomachache. I almost couldn’t get Girl 1: Maybe you have a fever. You should
myself out of bed this morning. take your temperature.
Conversation 3 Girl 2: Yes, you’re right.
Nurse: What’s the matter, Ben? Can you Conversation 2
move? Girl 1: What’s the matter?
Ben: Not really. I was playing soccer the Girl 2: I didn’t take good care of myself. I
other day and I hurt myself. It seemed didn’t wear enough warm clothes
OK at first, but now I have a really yesterday. Now I have a cough and a
sore back. sore throat.
Conversation 4 Girl 1: You should drink some hot tea with
Nurse: You look really tired. What’s the honey.
matter, Nancy? Girl 2: That sounds like a good idea.
Nancy: I didn’t sleep very well last night. I Conversation 3
have a toothache. It’s terrible! I can’t Girl: You look terrible! What’s the matter?
really eat anything either. It hurts a lot. Boy: I think I ate too much at dinner last
Conversation 5 night. It was an all-you-can-eat meal
Nurse: What’s the matter, Judy? at the restaurant. But now I have a
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stomachache. Nurse: Not really, but I also took his
Girl: That’s too bad. You shouldn’t eat temperature. Luckily he didn’t have
so much next time. Right now, you a fever. I told him he should rest.
should lie down and rest. Teacher: What else happened?
Boy: I guess I should. Nurse: One girl had a nosebleed. I told
Conversation 4 her to put her head down and then
Girl: What’s wrong with your face? press the sides of her nose. Oh, and
Boy: It’s not my face. It’s my tooth. I have a another boy got hit on the head with
toothache. a baseball bat.
Girl: You should see a dentist and get an X-ray. Teacher: That sounds bad. I hope he’s OK ...
Boy: But will it hurt? Nurse: I hope so, too. He was taken to the
Girl: No, and if you don’t go to the dentist hospital to get an X-ray.
now, it’ll hurt even more later!
Conversation 5 Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.
Girl 1: Oh, no! What happened? Section A, 1b
Girl 2: I was making dinner just now and I Conversation 1
cut myself by accident. Boy 1: I hope to work outside.
Girl 1: Oh, that looks serious. You should Girl 1: You could help to clean up the city parks.
put some medicine on it. Here, let me Conversation 2
help you. Boy 2: I’d like to help homeless people.
Girl 2: OK, thanks. Girl 1: You could give out food at the food
Section B, 1b, 1c bank to help feed them.
Teacher: Hello, Jenny! You look tired. Conversation 3
Nurse: Well, today was a busy day in my Girl 2: I want to cheer up sick kids.
office. One boy hurt himself in P.E. Girl 1: You could ask hospitals to let you visit
class. the kids.
Teacher: What happened? Conversation 4
Nurse: He was running under the hot sun Girl 1: I’d like to help kids with their schoolwork.
and then he felt sick and fell down. Girl 2: You could volunteer in an after-school
Teacher: Yes, the weather is very hot today. study program to teach kids.
Nurse: He cut his knee, so I washed the cut Section A, 2a, 2b
and put some medicine on it. Then I Boy 1: Now we need to come up with a plan
put a bandage on it. to tell people about the city park
Teacher: Was the cut serious? clean-up.
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Girl 1: Yeah, but I’m hungry, Bob. Let’s have Man: Wow! Your parents must be proud of
lunch first. you.
Girl 2: No, we need to start now. Clean-up Jimmy: I guess so. But now I’ve run out of
Day is only two weeks from now. money, so I can’t buy any more old
Boy 2: You’re right, Sally. We can’t put off bikes.
making a plan. As we talk, I’ll write Man: Oh, that’s too bad.
down all our ideas. Then we can Jimmy: Yeah. I need to come up with some
decide which ideas are best. way of getting money or I’ll have to
Girl 1: Um ... well ... we could put up signs. stop.
Boy 2: That’s a good idea!
Girl 2: Let’s make some notices, too. Then I’ll Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
hand them out after school. Section A, 1b
Boy 1: OK. Great! And we could each call up Mom: Peter, we need to clean the house.
10 students and ask them to come. Your grandma is coming over at seven.
Boy 2: Hey, we’re coming up with a lot of Peter: Sure, but I need to do my homework
good ideas, aren’t we? first.
Section B, 1c, 1d Mom: OK. Then after you finish your
Man: This morning I’m talking with a very homework, let’s clean up the kitchen.
wonderful young man, Jimmy the I can do the dishes and sweep the
Bike Boy. Good morning, Jimmy. floor. Could you please take out the
Jimmy: Good morning. rubbish?
Man: So, Jimmy, tell our listeners what you Peter: Sure, Mom.
do. Mom: Good. And could you please make
Jimmy: Well, many kids don’t have enough your bed and fold your clothes?
money to buy their own bikes. So Peter: All right.
I find or buy old bikes. Sometimes Mom: And let’s see ... I have to clean the
parts like the wheels may be broken. living room before your grandma
So I fix up the bikes and then give arrives.
them away to these kids. Section A, 2a, 2b
Man: That’s fantastic. What gave you the Peter: Hey, Dad?
idea? Dad: Yes?
Jimmy: I guess I take after my father. He loves Peter: Could I go out for dinner with my
to help people. He always volunteers friends tonight?
to help people in need. Dad: Sure, that should be OK.
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Peter: Could I go to the movies after that? Mom: Now, there are a few other things
My friends said the new action movie I want you to do before the party.
is really good. Could you please move the big chairs
Dad: I guess so. But don’t stay out late. to the bedroom and clean the living
Peter: Could I stay out until eleven? We room?
might get something to drink after the Sandy: Sure. Dave is coming early on
movie. Saturday, so he can help me.
Dad: No, you can’t. You have a basketball
game tomorrow, remember? You need Unit 4 Why don’t you talk to your parents?
to have a good rest. Section A, 1b
Peter: Oh, yeah. Well, could you give me a Girl 1: You look really tired. What’s the
ride to town now? If I take the bus, I’ll matter?
be late. Girl 2: Well, I had an art lesson after school
Dad: I can’t, Peter. I have to do some work now. yesterday. Then I did my homework
Peter: Oh, OK. No problem. I’ll call Alan. until really late last night, so I didn’t
Maybe his dad can give me a ride. get enough sleep.
Section B, 1c, 1d Girl 1: Oh, so you should start studying
Sandy: Could I invite my friends to a party earlier tonight, and then you can sleep
on Saturday, Mom? earlier.
Mom: Of course! That sounds like fun. Girl 2: But I have a piano lesson after school
Sandy: Yeah. Um ... could I borrow some today, so I can only study later tonight.
money? Girl 1: Maybe you should tell your parents
Mom: What for? that you can’t do so many things.
Sandy: I need to buy some drinks and snacks. Girl 2: I did, but they think it’s important that
Could I go to the store? I learn new things. I started learning
Mom: Well, I’m going tomorrow, and I can the piano when I was six!
buy some drinks and snacks for you. Girl 1: Oh, that’s a really long time! You must
Sandy: Oh, good. Thanks, Mom. be really good now.
Mom: You’re welcome. Oh, could you clean Girl 2: Yes, but I’m so tired.
your room? Girl 1: Why don’t you talk to your parents
Sandy: I cleaned it last week. again? Explain to them that you need
Mom: You need to clean it again for your party. to get enough sleep to stay healthy.
Sandy: OK. At the party, could I use your Girl 2: Yes, that’s a good idea. I’ll try to talk to
CD player? them again.
Mom: Yes, if you’re careful with it. Section A, 2a, 2b
Sandy: Don’t worry, Mom! Boy 1: Hey, Peter, what’s wrong?
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Boy 2: I had a fight with my best friend. What time to do activities I enjoy. This
should I do? can help me relax and be healthier.
Boy 1: Well, you could write him a letter. Alice: Yes, you won’t get good grades if
Boy 2: I don’t think so, although it’s a good you’re stressed out all the time.
idea. I’m just not very good at writing Wei Ming: I also keep worrying about getting
letters. better grades than my classmates.
Boy 1: Maybe you should call him up. Alice: Oh, you shouldn’t compete with
Boy 2: No, I don’t want to talk about it on the your classmates to get better
phone. grades. You should all be helping
Boy 1: But you really should talk to him so each other to improve.
that you can say you’re sorry. Wei Ming: You’re right. Thanks for all the
Boy 2: Yes, I know I should, but it’s not easy. good advice, Alice.
Boy 1: Maybe you could go to his house.
Boy 2: I guess I could, but I don’t want to Unit 5 What were you doing when the
surprise him. rainstorm came?
Boy 1: Hey, I know. You could take him to Section A, 1b
the ball game. [in the studio]
Boy 2: But the ball game is next week. I don’t Reporter: The weather is beautiful today!
want to wait until then to talk to him. But yesterday’s rainstorm was the
Section B, 1c, 1d heaviest one so far this year. So,
Wei Ming: Alice, help me! My parents are what were people doing yesterday
giving me too much pressure at the time of the rainstorm?
about school! [outside the studio, on the street]
Alice: Hey, Wei Ming. Although you may Girl: I was at home doing my homework.
be unhappy with your parents, you But I could hear the heavy rain
should talk to them. Ask them why against my bedroom window.
they give you so much pressure. Boy: I was reading at the library after
Wei Ming: It’s because they want me to get school. I’m so glad I didn’t decide
good grades. to play basketball!
Alice: But life shouldn’t just be about Woman: I was waiting for the bus after work.
grades. Free time activities like Then the rain suddenly started and
sports and hanging out with I got all wet.
friends are important, too. Man: I was walking home from the
Wei Ming: I totally agree. I need more free supermarket. Luckily, I had an
100Tapescripts
umbrella, but I still got wet! John: What were you doing at the time of
[back in the studio] the competition?
Reporter: Looks like many people were Kate: Well, I left my house late and when the
caught in the rain yesterday. Many competition started, I was still making
took hours to get home ... my way to school.
Section A, 2a, 2b John: Then what happened?
Boy: Yesterday was a terrible day. My alarm Kate: When I got to the bus stop, I realized
didn’t go off so I woke up late. It was that my bag was still at home!
seven thirty when I woke up, and I John: But why didn’t you just go home to
needed to be at school by eight! I ran get your bag?
to the bus stop ... but, I still missed Kate: I did, but while I was running back
the bus. It was eight thirty when I home, I saw a dog by the side of the
got to school. My teacher was angry road and it was hurt.
and I felt bad all day. At four thirty, it John: Oh, so I’m sure you helped the dog. I
was time to go home. I was waiting know how much you love animals.
for the bus when ... all of a sudden ... Kate: Yes, I wanted to call the Animal
it began to rain heavily. It was like ... Helpline, but I didn’t have my phone
a really crazy rainstorm! I thought I so I had to wait for someone to walk
had an umbrella in my schoolbag, so I by. Then I used his phone to call the
kept trying to look for it. I was so busy helpline.
looking for the umbrella that I didn’t John: OK. No wonder you didn’t make it to
see a car coming. And it got water the competition.
all over me! I was waiting like that ... Kate: Yes, I’m so sorry I wasn’t there to
completely wet ... for maybe almost cheer you on, but I’m happy that your
an hour. Finally, the bus came and team won!
brought me home. I took a hot shower
and ate some warm food. It felt so Unit 6 An old man tried to move the
good to be home! mountains.
Section B, 1b, 1c Section A, 1b
John: Hey, Kate, why weren’t you at the Wang Ming: Hi, Anna. In my Chinese
school basketball competition class today, we read a famous
yesterday? I called you so many times, story called Yu Gong Moves the
but you didn’t answer. Mountains.
Kate: Sorry, John. I left my phone at home. Anna: Oh, how does the story begin?
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Wang Ming: Well, once upon a time, there after he died. His family would
was a very old man. There were live and grow, but the mountains
two mountains near his house. could not grow any bigger. So
They were so high and big that Yu Gong and his family kept on
it took a long time to walk to the digging day after day and year
other side. after year. Finally, a god was so
Anna: So what happened next? moved by Yu Gong that he sent
another two gods to help take
Wang Ming: Well, the old man told his family
the mountains away. This story
that they should all help him to
reminds us that you can never
move the mountains.
know what’s possible unless you
Anna: Hmm, but they probably couldn’t
try to make it happen.
even move a small hill.
Section B, 1b, 1c
Wang Ming: Yes, that’s what I thought, too.
Mei Ling: Tom, can you tell me a story from
Anna: And where would they put all
Europe?
the earth and stone from the
Tom: Well, I know one. It’s called The
mountains?
Emperor’s New Clothes. This story
Wang Ming: Yu Gong said they could put it
is about an emperor who loved
into the sea because it’s big enough
clothes. He loved buying and
to hold everything. So they all
looking at his beautiful clothes.
started digging the next day.
Mei Ling: So what happened?
Section A, 2a, 2b
Tom: Two brothers came to the city
Wang Ming: Let me tell you the rest of the
to make special clothes for the
story about Yu Gong. Yu Gong
emperor. But the emperor had to
and his family began to move
give them silk and gold.
some of the earth and stone to
Mei Ling: Were the clothes nice?
the sea. One day, a man saw Yu
Tom: Well, the brothers kept everything
Gong and his children when
for themselves and told the
they were working on moving
emperor that people couldn’t see
the mountains. He told Yu Gong
the clothes unless they were clever.
that he could never do it because
Mei Ling: Oh, so they were really trying to
he was old and weak. As soon cheat the emperor!
as the man finished talking, Yu Tom: Yes, you are right. When the
Gong said that his family would emperor looked at himself, he
continue to move the mountains only saw his underwear. But he
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didn’t want people to think he was Teacher: You’re all so smart! Now, for the last
stupid, so he said his new clothes question, which is the longest river
were very beautiful. in the world?
Mei Ling: Did he wear the new clothes? Boy 2: I know! The Nile is the longest river
Tom: Yes, he did. He walked through in the world.
the city wearing his new clothes. Boy 1: And the Amazon is the second
Nobody wanted to sound stupid, longest river in the world.
so everyone said his new clothes
Teacher: It seems that you know the answers
were wonderful. But suddenly,
to all my questions. Good job!
a young boy shouted, “Look!
Section A, 2a, 2b
The emperor isn’t wearing any
Mike: Hi, I’m Mike. I’m from the United
clothes!”
States.
Mei Ling: What a funny story!
Boy: Welcome to our class, Mike. We’re
happy to meet you.
Unit 7 What’s the highest mountain in
Mike: Can you tell me a bit more about
the world?
China?
Section A, 1b
Girl: Sure! Did you know that China is one
Teacher: Yesterday, we learned some
of the oldest countries in the world?
important geographical facts. I hope
It’s over 5,000 years old.
you all still remember them. I’m
Mike: Yes, I did. It’s much older than my
going to test you now by asking a few
country –– in fact, the United States
questions. First, what’s the highest
is one of the youngest countries in the
mountain in the world?
world. It’s not even 300 years old.
Boy 1: Qomolangma! It’s higher than any
Boy: And China is bigger than the United
other mountain in the world.
States.
Teacher: That’s right. And who can tell me
Girl: Yes, and it’s the biggest country in
what the Sahara is?
Asia. We also have some famous
Girl 1: The Sahara is the biggest desert in
rivers. The Yangtze River is the
the world.
longest river in Asia. It’s about 6,300
Teacher: Very good. And which is the deepest
kilometers long.
salt lake in the world?
Mike: Wow! I didn’t know that. I thought
Girl 2: The Caspian Sea is the deepest of all
the Yellow River was longer.
the salt lakes.
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Boy: No, the Yellow River is 5,464 Nick: What’s your class reading right now?
kilometers long. But both rivers are Judy: We’re reading a book called Treasure
very important to China. Island.
Section B, 1b, 1c Nick: How is it? I haven’t read it yet.
Teacher: Do you have any questions about Judy: It’s really exciting.
baby pandas? Conversation 2
Boy 1: Are they much smaller than an adult Alan: Sandy, have you finished the reader
panda? yet?
Teacher: Yes. When they’re born, they only Sandy: What reader, Alan?
weigh about 0.1 to 0.2 kilos. Alan: Robinson Crusoe. Ms. Butler told us to
Boy 1: Wow, that’s small! I know an adult finish it this week, remember?
panda weighs many times more than Sandy: Oh, no! I’ve not read it yet.
a baby. Alan: Well, I just finished reading it last
Teacher: That’s right. And the adult pandas night.
weigh around 100 kilos. Sandy: How is it? Is it boring?
Boy 2: What about the size of a baby Alan: No, I love it. It’s wonderful.
panda? How small is it? Conversation 3
Teacher: At birth, it’s only around 15 cm Kate: Have you read Little Women yet, Harry?
long, but an adult panda is around Harry: No, I haven’t. Have you, Kate?
150 cm long. Kate: Yes. I’ve already read it.
Girl: Is a baby panda also black and Harry: What’s it like?
white? Kate: It’s fantastic.
Teacher: No, you would never guess! A baby Harry: Can I borrow it from you?
panda is pink and it cannot see. It Kate: Sure.
also doesn’t have any teeth. Section A, 2a, 2b
Girl: How long can pandas live? Tina: Hi, Mark.
Teacher: They can live up to 20 to 30 years. Mark: Hey there, Tina. What’s up?
Tina: I’m reading this fantastic book.
Unit 8 Have you read Treasure Island yet? Mark: What is it?
Section A, 1b Tina: Treasure Island. Have you read it yet?
Conversation 1 Mark: No, I haven’t. What’s it about?
Nick: Hey, Judy, how was English class? Tina: It’s about this boy who goes out to sea
Judy: Hey, Nick. It was a good class today. I and finds an island full of treasures.
enjoyed it. What are you reading right now?
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Mark: I’ve just finished Oliver Twist and Alex: Do you want to borrow my CD then?
Robinson Crusoe. Dave: Sure, thanks! That’d be great!
Tina: Oh, yeah. I’ve already read both of
them. They’re classics. We had to Unit 9 Have you ever been to a museum?
study Robinson Crusoe last term. Section A, 1b
Mark: So what are you studying this term? Sarah: I’m bored, Claudia. Let’s do
Tina: Tom Sawyer. It’s a story about a boy something interesting.
who lives in the United States. Many Claudia: Have you ever been to a science
exciting things happen to him. museum?
Mark: Sounds interesting. I’ll have to read it. Sarah: Yes, I have. I went to the National
Section B, 1b, 1c Science Museum last year. Have you
Dave: What are you listening to, Alex? The ever been to a history museum?
song sounds really good. Claudia: No, I haven’t.
Alex: Hey, Dave! I’m listening to a band Sarah: Me neither. Let’s go to one tomorrow.
called “The Toms”. Have you heard of Claudia: Well, that sounds good, but I’m not
them yet? interested in history.
Dave: No, I haven’t. Are they a new band? Sarah: Really? I didn’t know that. Well,
Alex: Yes, they only started singing earlier how about the art museum? Have
this year. But they’ve already made you been to the art museum?
two CDs. Claudia: I’ve been to the art museum many
Dave: Wow, they must be really popular. times.
Where are they from? Sarah: Me, too. But I’d like to go again.
Alex: They’re from California, in the United Hmm, let’s see ... how about the
States. There are five people in the nature museum? I’ve been there a
band and they’re all teenage boys. few times.
Dave: I guess what they’re playing is pop Claudia: So have I. I went there on our last
music, right? school trip.
Alex: Yes, but it sounds more like rock. I like Sarah: I know. Let’s go to the space
their music because it’s loud and full of museum. I’ve never been there.
energy. I feel excited when I listen to it. Claudia: That’s a great idea. I went there last
Dave: Me, too. I think if I listen to their year, but I’d like to go there again.
music every morning, it will wake me Section A, 2a, 2b
up and make me happy for the rest of Conversation 1
the day! John: Hey, have you ever visited the space
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museum, Tina? Section B, 1b, 1c
Tina: Yes, I went there last year. Have you Boy 1: So, Peter, how long have you been in
ever been there, John? China?
John: No, I haven’t. Boy 2: I’ve been here for two weeks, but I’m
Tina: Well, I’d really like to go there again. going back to Australia tomorrow.
John: Great. What bus do we take to get to Boy 1: Have you traveled much?
the museum? Boy 2: Yes, I have. I’ve seen many interesting
Tina: We can take the subway. The station is things.
near the museum. Boy 1: Have you visited the Palace Museum?
Conversation 2 Boy 2: Yes, I have. I went there last week. It
Kim: Hi, Linda. Have you ever been to the was wonderful. There were so many
amusement park? beautiful treasures.
Linda: Yes, I have, but a long time ago. I Boy 1: And have you been to the Great Wall?
remember it was really fun. There Boy 2: Oh, yes. I loved it, but there were too
were so many exciting things to do many people. I’ve also been to the
there. Bird’s Nest.
Kim: Do you want to go again next week? Boy 1: Wow, great! Did you go anywhere
Linda: Sure. I think that would be a great idea. outside Beijing?
Kim: Do you think we can ride our bikes there? Boy 2: Yes. I went to see the Terracotta Army
Linda: Of course! It’s not very far away. It’s in Xi’an. It was fantastic.
just on Green Street, behind the zoo. Boy 1: OK. Have you tried Chinese food?
Conversation 3 Boy 2: Oh, yes. I love Chinese food.
Tom: Have you ever been to the water park, Boy 1: Do you have a favorite dish?
Frank? Boy 2: I love Beijing duck. It’s so delicious.
Frank: No, I’ve never been there. Boy 1: Thank you for your time and have a
Tom: Neither have I. Let’s go there together! safe trip home.
Frank: I’d really love to go, but I don’t have Boy 2: Thank you.
any money.
Tom: Well, let’s go skating instead. There’s Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.
a great new place for skating in River Section A, 1b
Park on Center Street. Amy: You have some great things in this
Frank: That’s a great idea. Could I borrow yard sale, Jeff.
your bike? I want to go home to get Jeff: Thanks, Amy. Our family has collected
my skates. so many things over the years, but we
106Tapescripts
don’t use them anymore. can go, too. I’ve had it for more than
Amy: But isn’t it hard to sell some of your 10 years. Aunt Taylor bought a new
things? There are many things I’ve one for me last week.
had since I was a child. I don’t think I Amy: That’s great. We can still have
could sell them. homemade bread. And I can give away
Jeff: Yes, it’s hard to say goodbye to certain this sweater and dress, too. They don’t
things. fit me anymore. But I want to keep the
Amy: By the way, how long have you had hat and scarf for ice skating.
that bike over there? Mom: Great. You can take these things to the
Jeff: I’ve had it for three years! I learned children’s home tomorrow then.
how to ride a bike on it. Section B, 1b, 1c
Amy: Old things really bring back sweet Martin: Hey, Jenny, your hometown is really
memories. But it’s true that we may beautiful.
never use some of these things again. Jenny: Yes, I’ve been away for the past few
Jeff: Yes, like old toys or books you’ve years, but I still love this town. Even
already read. You can sell those, or though it’s old, it’s full of interesting
you can also give them away to kids or places to see and things to do.
people who need them. Martin: Wow, look at that building! I’ve
Amy: Oh! How much is this book? never seen anything like it!
Jeff: You can have it for 75 cents. Jenny: Yes, that’s one of the oldest buildings in
Section A, 2a, 2b this town. It’s been around for hundreds
Mom: Let’s look through this box of old of years. It’s now the town library.
things and decide what to give away. Martin: What about the building next to it?
Amy: I think I want to keep this book. I’ve Jenny: Oh, that’s the new science museum.
had it for three years. Even though It’s only been here since last August.
I’ve already read it twice, it’s still my There’s a really big park behind the
favorite book. But we can give away museum. Many families go there on
the magazine. weekends to let the kids run around
Mom: What about these soft toys? and climb the hills.
Amy: I want to keep the bear because I’ve Martin: Nice. Can we check it out?
had it since I was a baby. It has special Jenny: Sure. But first, let’s have lunch at this
meaning to me because Grandma gave restaurant down the street. It’s been
it to me. I’ll give away the lion and tiger. around for as long as I can remember.
Mom: OK. And this old bread maker of mine It serves the best food in town.
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Grammar
I. 反身代词（Reflexive Pronouns）
表示反射或强调的代词叫做反身代词。反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性
物主代词或第三人称人称代词宾格形式，词尾加self或selves 组成。反身代词可译为“本
人”、“本身”，为加强语气，也常译为“亲自”、“自己”。请见下表：
人 称
第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
数
himself
单 数 myself yourself herself
itself
复 数 ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词的用法如下表：
句法作用 例 句
The child can dress himself. 这孩子能自己穿衣服了。
宾 语 Take good care of yourself. 好好照顾你自己。
But the driver didn’t think about himself. 但是司机并没有为自己着想。
主语或宾语的 Mrs. Black herself is a lawyer. 布莱克太太本人就是一名律师。
同位语 You had better ask the driver himself. 你最好问司机本人。
Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。
表 语
Mary hasn’t quite been herself recently. 玛丽近来有些不对劲。
II. 情态动词（ Modal Verbs）
情态动词可以用来表示“提议”、“建议”或“请求”等。
情态动词 should 作“应该；应当；可以”讲，用以表达职责和义务、提出劝告，而
且表述的是自己的主观看法，其后接动词原形。例如：
I think you should lie down and rest. 我觉得你应该躺下休息。
You should call him so that you can say you’re sorry. 你应当给他打电话，向他说声
对不起。
108Grammar
should 的否定式是should not/shouldn’t，意思是“不应当；不该”。例如：
You shouldn’t take such risks. 你不该冒这么大风险。
情态动词could用于有礼貌地向对方提出要求或请求。例如：
A: Could you please take the dog for a walk? 能请你出去遛遛狗吗？
B: OK, but I want to watch one show first. 可以，但我想先看个节目。
再如：Could we get something to drink after the movie? 我们看完电影后可以喝点
什么吗？
could也用于提出建议，比can语气更为婉转。例如：
Maybe you could do more jobs around the house so that they have more time for
proper communication. 也许你可以在家里多做点事，让他们多些时间好好地沟通。
III. 动词时态（Verb Tenses）
1. 过去进行时（Past Progressive Tense）
过去进行时由“was/were + 动词-ing”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在
进行的动作。这一特定的过去时间除有上下文暗示以外，一般用时间状语来表示。例如：
A: What were you doing at eight last night? 昨晚八点你在干什么？
B: I was taking a shower. 我（当时）在淋浴。
A: What was he doing when the rainstorm came? 暴风雨来的时候他在干什么？
B: He was reading in the library when the rainstorm came. 暴风雨来的时候他在图书
馆看书。
A: What was Jenny doing while Linda was sleeping? 琳达在睡觉的时候，珍妮在
做什么？
B: While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 琳达
在睡觉的时候，珍妮在帮助玛丽做作业。
下面以动词work为例，将过去进行时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式以及简略答语列表如下：
肯 定 式 否 定 式
I/He/She/It was working. I/He/She/It was not working.
We/You/They were working. We/You/They were not working.
疑 问 式 和 简 略 回 答
Was I working? Were you working? Was he/she/it working?
Yes, you were. Yes, I was. Yes, he/she/it was.
No, you were not. No, I was not. No, he/she/it was not.
Yes, you/we/they were.
Were we/you/they working?
No, you/we/they were not.
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注：
1) was not 常缩略为wasn’t //；were not 常缩略为weren’t /(r)/。
2) 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较：一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的
动作或存在的状态，而过去进行时则表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。
例如：
David wrote a letter to his friend last night.
大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。（信写完了。）
David was writing a letter to his friend last night.
大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。（信不一定写完。）
2. 现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）
1) 现在完成时的构成
现在完成时由“助动词have (has) + 过去分词”构成。下面以动词finish为例，将现
在完成时的肯定式、否定式和疑问式以及简略答语列表如下：
肯 定 式 否 定 式
I/You have finished. I/You have not finished.
He/She/It has finished. He/She/It has not finished.
We/You/They have finished. We/You/They have not finished.
疑 问 式 和 简 略 回 答
Have I/you finished? Yes, you/I have. No, you/I have not.
Has he/she/it finished? Yes, he/she/it has. No, he/she/it has not.
Have we/you/they finished? Yes, you/we/they have. No, you/we/they have not.
注：have not 常简略为 haven’t //, has not 常简略为 hasn’t //。
2) 现在完成时的用法
用 法 例 句
表示过去发生或已经完成的动作 – Have you had your lunch yet?
对现在造成的影响或结果。 – Yes, I have. I’ve just had it. （ 现在我不饿了。）
– Have you read Little Women yet?
– No, I haven’t. （ 我对该书不了解。）
某些动词的现在完成时可表示过 I haven’t seen her these days.
去某一时间开始并一直持续到现 I’ve known Bob for three years.
在（包括“现在”在内）的动作 I’ve been at this school for over two years.
或状态，可以和表示延续的时间 They have lived here since 1996.
状语连用。表示持续动作或状态 How long have you worked in this library?
的动词多是延续性动词。 She has taught us since I came to this school.
110Grammar
用 法 例 句
现在完成时可以和already, never, I have already taught him some English.
ever, just, before, yet等连用。 John has never been to the space museum.
Have you ever been to a zoo at night?
My boy has just started junior high school.
I’ve never been to the water park before.
Have you decided which book to write about yet?
have (has) been和have (has) gone Where has he been?他刚才到哪儿去了？
的区别： （他已经回来了。）
have (has) been表示“曾经到过 Where has he gone?他到哪儿去了？
某地”，have (has) gone表示“已 （他不在这里。）
经去某地了”。 She has been to Shanghai.她去过上海。
（她已不在上海了。）
She has gone to Shanghai.她到上海去了。
（她可能已在去上海的路上，或已到上海，总之，现在
不在这里。）
注：非延续性动词在否定结构中可用现在完成时表示持续的动作或状态。例如：
I haven’t bought anything for two months.
3) 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果， 强调的是现在的情
况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，例如：yesterday, last night, three weeks ago,
in 1990 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以和上述
表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：
I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容。）
I saw the film last week. 我上星期看了这部电影。（只说明上星期看了这部电影，不涉
及现在的情况。）
He has lived here since 1992. 1992 年以来他一直住在这里。（他现在还住在这里。）
He lived here in 1992. 1992 年他住在这里。（不涉及他现在是否还住在这里。）
IV. 动词不定式（Infinitives）
1. 动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”，有时可以不带to。动词不定式没有人
称和数的变化，在句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾
语和状语。动词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语。例如：to read the newspaper，
to speak at the meeting 等。
2. 动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾
语补足语、定语和状语等。初中要求掌握的动词不定式的句法作用如下表：
111
Page PBGrammar
句法作用 例 句
She wanted to become a teacher.
作宾语
He is learning to swim.
He went to the library to borrow some books.
作状语
I’m glad to see you.
She asked me to speak louder.
作宾语补足语
Could you ask the bus driver to wait for five minutes?
3. 动词不定式的否定形式由“not ＋动词不定式”构成。例如：
Tell him not to be late.
The policeman told the boys not to play in the street.
4. 动词不定式可以和what，which，how，where，when 等连用。例如：
Nobody told us what to do next.
I don’t know where to go.
He showed me how to use the new mobile phone.
The question is when to start.
5. 不带to 的情况
有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to。这种动词有两类：一类是感官动
词，如see，hear，watch，feel，notice 等。例如：
I saw the teacher get out.
I heard the birds sing.
另一类是使役动词，如let，make，have 等。例如：
Let me go!
They made the children work 12 hours a day.
V. 状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）
在复合句中，用作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句根据它表达的意思可分为时
间、原因、条件、比较、结果、目的和让步等类型。
类 型 引导连词 例 句
As he explored the town, he took a lot of pictures.
由when，before，
As soon as he arrived in France, he called me.
after，as，while，as
He has been in Shanghai since he was born.
时间 soon as，since，not ...
Don’t come in until you are called.
until，whenever等连
Whenever I’m feeling down, my friends will cheer me up.
词引导。
While I was watching TV, the bell rang.
112Grammar
类 型 引导连词 例 句
I didn’t go surfing because it was too cold.
由because，as，since
原因 As the car was expensive, we didn’t buy it.
等连词引导。
Since he was busy, he didn’t come.
由if，unless等连词引 If you travel in India, you can use English everywhere.
条件
导。 I won’t pass the exam unless I study hard.
由as (so) ... as，than The Yangtze River is almost as long as the Amazon River.
比较
等引导。 John swims better than Jim (does).
结果 由so ... that引导。 He was so weak that he couldn’t walk on.
We’ll sit near the front so we can hear the speaker better.
目的 由so，so that等引导。
You should talk to him so that you can say you’re sorry.
Although the traffic was heavy, we got to the railway
由although，even
让步 station on time.
though等引导。
Even though he is 80, he still looks strong and healthy.
注：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中通常用一般现在时表示一般将来时。 例如：
If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time!如果你去参加聚会，你会玩得很愉快！
Unless we talk to someone, we’ll certainly feel worse.除非我们找人聊一聊，不然我们
肯定会感觉更糟。
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Page PBWords and Expressions in Each Unit
Words and Expressions in Each Unit
（注：在本词表中，重点词汇用黑体标出。
在英式发音和美式发音有区别时，英式发音在前，美式发音在后。）
Unit 1 passenger /psnd(r)/
matter /mt(r)/ n. 问题；事情 p.1 n. 乘客；旅客 p.3
What’s the matter? 怎么了？ off /f/, /Of/ adv. & prep. 离开（某处）；
出什么事了？ p.1 不工作；从……去掉 p.3
sore /sO(r)/ adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的 p.1 get off 下车 p.3
have a cold 感冒 p.1 to one’s surprise 使……惊讶的是；
stomachache /stmkek/ 出乎……的意料 p.3
n. 胃痛；腹痛 p.1 onto /ntu/, /Antu/ prep. 向；朝 p.3
have a stomachache 胃痛 p.1 trouble /trbl/ n. 问题；苦恼 p.3
foot /ft/ n. 脚；足 p.1 hit /ht/ v. (hit /ht/)（用手或器具）
neck /nek/ n. 颈；脖子 p.1 击；打 p.3
stomach /stmk/ right away 立即；马上 p.3
n. 胃；腹部 p.1 get into 陷入；参与 p.3
throat /rt/ n. 咽喉；喉咙 p.1 herself /h(r)self/
fever /fiv(r)/ n. 发烧 p.2 pron（. she的反身代词）她自己 p.4
lie /la/ v. (lay /le/)躺；平躺 p.2 bandage /bndd/ n. 绷带
lie down 躺下 p.2 v. 用绷带包扎 p.5
rest /rest/ v. & n. 放松；休息 p.2 press /pres/ v. 压；挤；按 p.5
cough /kf/, /kOf/ n. & v. 咳嗽 p.2 sick /sk/ adj. 生病的；有病的 p.5
X-ray /eks re/ n. X射线; X光 p.2 knee /ni/ n. 膝；膝盖 p.5
toothache /tuek/ n. 牙痛 p.2 nosebleed /nzblid/ n. 鼻出血 p.5
take one’s temperature 量体温 p.2 breathe /bri/ v. 呼吸 p.6
headache /hedek/ n. 头痛 p.2 sunburned /snb(r)nd/ adj. 晒伤的 p.6
have a fever 发烧 p.2 ourselves /a(r)selvz/
break /brek/ n. 间歇；休息 p.2 pron（. we的反身代词）我们自己 p.6
take breaks (take a break) 休息 p.2 climber /klam(r)/ n. 登山者；
hurt /h(r)t/ v. (hurt /h(r)t/) 攀登者 p.6
（使）疼痛；受伤 p.2 be used to 习惯于……；适应于…… p.6
114Words and Expressions in Each Unit
risk /rsk/ n. & v. 危险；风险；冒险 p.6 Unit 2
take risks (take a risk)冒险 p.6 clean up 打扫（或清除）干净 p.9
accident /ksdnt/ n（. 交通）事故； cheer /tS/, /tSr/ v. 欢呼；喝彩 p.9
意外遭遇 p.6 cheer up（ 使）变得更高兴；（使）振奋
situation /stSueSn/ n. 情况；状况 p.6 起来 p.9
kilo /kil/ (= kilogram) give out 分发；散发 p.9
n. 千克；公斤 p.6 volunteer /vlnt/, /vAlntr/
rock /rk/, /rAk/ n. 岩石 p.6 v. 义务做；自愿做 n. 志愿者 p.9
run out (of) 用尽；耗尽 p.6
come up with 想出；提出
knife /naf/ n. (pl. knives /navz/)
（主意、计划、回答等） p.10
put off 推迟 p.10
刀 p.6
sign /san/ n. 标志；信号 p.10
cut off 切除 p.6
notice /nts/
blood /bld/ n. 血 p.6
n. 通知；通告；注意
mean /min/ v. (meant /ment/)
v. 注意到；意识到 p.10
意思是；打算；意欲 p.6
hand out 分发 p.10
get out of 离开；从……出来 p.6
call up 打电话给（某人）；征召 p.10
importance /mpO(r)tns/
used to 曾经……；过去…… p.10
n. 重要性；重要 p.6
lonely /lnli/ adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 p.10
decision /dsn/ n. 决定；抉择 p.6
care for 照顾；非常喜欢 p.10
control /kntrl/
several /sevrl/
n. & v. 限制；约束；管理 p.6
pron. 几个；数个；一些 p.11
be in control of 掌管；管理 p.6
strong /strN/, /strON/
spirit /sprt/ n. 勇气；意志 p.6
adj. 强烈的；强壮的 p.11
death /de/ n. 死；死亡 p.6
feeling /filN/ n. 感觉；感触 p.11
give up 放弃 p.7
satisfaction /stsfkSn/
nurse /n(r)s/ n. 护士 p.8
n. 满足；满意 p.11
joy /dO/ n. 高兴；愉快 p.11
Judy /dudi/ 朱迪（女名） p.1
owner /n(r)/ n. 物主；主人 p.11
Nancy /nnsi/ 南希（女名） p.1
try out 参加……选拔；试用 p.11
Mandy /mndi/ 曼迪（ 女名） p.2 journey /d(r)ni/
Aron /ern/ Ralston/rOlstn/ n（. 尤指长途）旅行；行程 p.11
阿伦·罗尔斯顿 p.6 raise /rez/ v. 募集；征集 p.12
midnight /mdnat/ n. 午夜；子夜 p.12
Utah /jutA/ 犹他州（美国） p.6 alone /ln/ adv. 独自；单独 p.12
115Words and Expressions in Each Unit
repair /rpe/, /rper/ v. 修理；修补 p.13 sir /s:(r)/ n. 先生（用于正式信函中
fix /fks/ v. 修理；安装 p.13 对不知名的男性收信人的称呼时，
fix up 修理；装饰 p.13 写为Sir） p.16
give away 赠送；捐赠 p.13 madam /mdm/ n. 夫人；女士
take after（ 外貌或行为）像 p.13 （用于正式信函中对不知名的女性
broken /brUkn/ adj. 破损的； 收信人的称呼时，写为Madam） p.16
残缺的 p.13
wheel /wi:l/ n. 车轮；轮子 p.13 Mario /mriU/, /mA:riU/
letter /let(r)/ n. 信；函 p.14 马里奥（男名） p.11
Miss /ms/ n. 女士；小姐 p.14
Jimmy /dmi/ 吉米（ 男名） p.13
set up 建起；设立 p.14
Unit 3
disabled /dsebld/
rubbish /rbS/ n. 垃圾；废弃物 p.17
adj. 丧失能力的；有残疾的 p.14
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 p.17
make a difference 影响；有作用 p.14
fold /fUld/ v. 折叠；对折 p.17
blind /bland/ adj. 瞎的；失明的 p.14
sweep /swi:p/ v. (swept /swept/)
deaf /def/ adj. 聋的 p.14
扫；打扫 p.17
imagine /mdn/ v. 想象；设想 p.14
floor /flO:(r)/ n. 地板 p.17
difficulty /dfklti/ n. 困难；难题 p.14
mess /mes/ n. 杂乱；不整洁 p.18
open /Upn/ v. 开；打开 p.14
throw /rU/ v. (threw /ru:/)
door /dO:(r)/ n. 门 p.14
扔；掷 p.19
carry /kri/ v. 拿；提；扛 p.14
all the time 频繁；反复 p.19
train /tren/ v. 训练；培训 p.14
neither /na/, /ni:(r)/ adv. 也不
excited /ksatd/
pron. 两者都不 p.19
adj. 激动的；兴奋的 p.14
shirt /S:(r)t/ n. 衬衫 p.19
training /trenN/ n. 训练；培训 p.14
as soon as 一……就…… p.19
kindness /kandns/ n. 仁慈；善良 p.14
pass /pA:s/, /ps/
clever /klev(r)/
v. 给；递；走过；通过 p.20
adj. 聪明的；聪颖的 p.14
tool /tu:l/ n.工具 p.20
understand /nd(r)stnd/
borrow /brU/, /bA:rU/
v. (understood /nd(r)stUd/) v. 借；借用 p.20
理解；领会 p.14 lend /lend/ v. (lent /lent/)
change /tSend/ v. & n. 变化；改变 p.14 借给；借出 p.20
interest /ntrst/ n. 兴趣；关注 finger /fNg(r)/ n. 手指 p.20
v. 使感兴趣；使关注 p.16 hate /het/ v. 厌恶；讨厌 p.20
116Words and Expressions in Each Unit
chore /tSO(r)/ Unit 4
n. 杂务；乏味无聊的工作 p.20 allow /la/ v. 允许；准许 p.25
while /wal/ conj. 与⋯⋯同时； wrong /rN/, /rON/
当⋯⋯的时候；而；然而 p.20 adj. 有毛病；错误的 p.25
snack /snk/ n. 点心；小吃；快餐 p.21 What’s wrong? 哪儿不舒服？ p.25
stress /stres/ n. 精神压力； look through 快速查看；浏览 p.26
心理负担 p.22 guess /ges/ v. 猜测；估计 p.26
waste /west/ n. 浪费；垃圾 deal /dil/ n. 协议；交易 p.26
v. 浪费；滥用 p.22 big deal 重要的事 p.26
in order to 目的是；为了 p.22 work out 成功地发展；解决 p.26
provide /prvad/ v. 提供；供应 p.22 get on with 和睦相处；关系良好 p.27
anyway /eniwe/ adv. 而且；加之 p.22 relation /rleSn/
depend /dpend/ v. 依靠；信赖 p.22 n. 关系；联系；交往 p.27
depend on 依靠；信赖 p.22 communication /kmjunkeSn/
develop /dvelp/ v. 发展；壮大 p.22 n. 交流；沟通 p.27
independence /ndpendns/ argue /A(r)gju/ v. 争吵；争论 p.27
n. 独立 p.22 cloud /klad/ n. 云；云朵 p.27
fairness /fens/, /ferns/ elder /eld(r)/ adj. 年纪较长的 p.27
n. 公正性；合理性 p.22 instead /nsted/
since /sns/ conj. 因为；既然 adv.代替；反而；却 p.27
prep., conj. & adv.从⋯⋯以后； whatever /wtev/, /wAtevr/
自⋯⋯以来 p.22 pron. 任何；每一 p.27
neighbor /neb(r)/ (=neighbour) nervous /n(r)vs/
n.邻居 p.22 adj. 焦虑的；担忧的 p.27
take care of 照顾；处理 p.22 offer /f/, /Afr/
ill /l/ adj. 有病；不舒服 p.22 v. 主动提出；自愿给予 p.27
drop /drp/, /drAp/ v. 落下；掉下 p.22 proper /prp/, /prApr/
independent /ndpendnt/ adj. 正确的；恰当的 p.27
adj. 独立的；自主的 p.22 secondly /sekndli/ adv. 第二；其次 p.27
fair /fe/, /fer/ adj. 合理的；公正的 p.24 communicate /kmjunket/
unfair /nfe/, /nfer/ v. 交流；沟通 p.27
adj. 不合理的；不公正的 p.24 explain /ksplen/ v. 解释；说明 p.27
clear /kl/, /klr/
Sandy /sndi/ 桑迪（女名） p.21 adj. 清楚易懂的；晴朗的 p.27
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Page PBWords and Expressions in Each Unit
copy /kpi/, /kApi/ v. 抄袭；模仿； Cathy /ki/ 凯茜（女名） p.30
复制；复印 p.28 Taylor /tel(r)/ 泰勒（姓） p.30
return /rt(r)n/
v. 归还；回来；返回 p.28 Unit 5
anymore /enimO(r)/ rainstorm /renstO(r)m/ n. 暴风雨 p.33
adv（. 常用于否定句和疑问句末） alarm /lA(r)m/ n. 闹钟 p.34
再也（不）；（不）再 p.28 go off（ 闹钟）发出响声 p.34
member /memb(r)/ n. 成员；分子 p.29 begin /bgn/ v. (began /bgn/)
pressure /preS(r)/ n. 压力 p.29 开始 p.34
compete /kmpit/ v. 竞争；对抗 p.29 heavily /hevli/
opinion /pnjn/ adv. 在很大程度上；大量地 p.34
n. 意见；想法；看法 p.30 suddenly /sdnli/ adv. 突然；忽然 p.34
push /pS/ v. 鞭策；督促；推动 p.30 pick up（=pick up the phone）接电话 p.34
skill /skl/ n. 技艺；技巧 p.30 strange /strend/
typical /tpkl/ adj. 典型的 p.30 adj. 奇特的；奇怪的 p.34
football /ftbOl/ n.（ 美式）橄榄球； storm /stO(r)m/ n. 暴风雨 p.35
足球 p.30 wind /wnd/ n. 风 p.35
cut out 删除；删去 p.30 light /lat/ n. 光；光线；光亮 p.35
quick /kwk/ adj. 快的；迅速的； report /rpO(r)t/ v. & n. 报道；公布 p.35
时间短暂的 p.30 area /eri/, /eri/ n. 地域；地区 p.35
continue /kntnju/ wood /wd/ n. 木；木头 p.35
v. 持续；继续存在 p.30 window /wnd/ n. 窗；窗户 p.35
compare /kmpe/, /kmper/ flashlight /flSlat/
v. 比较 p.30 n. 手电筒 p.35
compare ... with 比较；对比 p.30 match /mtS/ n. 火柴 p.35
crazy /krezi/ beat /bit/ v. (beat /bit/)敲打；打败 p.35
adj. 不理智的；疯狂的 p.30 against /genst/ prep. 倚；碰；撞 p.35
development /dvelpmnt/ at first 起初；起先 p.35
n. 发展；发育；成长 p.30 asleep /slip/ adj. 睡着 p.35
cause /kOz/ v. 造成；引起 p.30 fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着 p.35
usual /juul/ adj. 通常的；寻常的 p.31 die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 p.35
in one’s opinion 依……看 p.32 rise /raz/ v. (rose /rz/)
perhaps /p(r)hps/ & n. 升起；增加；提高 p.35
adv. 可能；大概；也许 p.32 fallen /fOln/ adj. 倒下的；落下的 p.35
118Words and Expressions in Each Unit
apart /pA(r)t/ adv. 分离；分开 p.35 Unit 6
towards /twOdz/, /tOrdz/ shoot /Sut/ v. (shot /St/, /SAt/)
prep. 朝；向；对着 p.36 射击；发射 p.41
have a look 看一看 p.36 stone /stn/ n. 石头 p.41
icy /asi/ adj. 覆盖着冰的；冰冷的 p.36 weak /wik/ adj. 虚弱的；无力的 p.42
kid /kd/ v. 开玩笑；欺骗 p.36
god /gd/, /gAd/ n. 神；上帝（God） p.42
realize /rlaz/, /rilaz/
remind /rmand/ v. 提醒；使想起 p.42
v. 理解；领会；认识到 p.37
bit /bt/ n. 一点；小块 p.42
make one’s way 前往；费力地前进 p.37
a little bit 有点儿；稍微 p.42
passage /psd/ n. 章节；段落 p.38
silly /sli/ adj. 愚蠢的；不明事理的 p.42
pupil /pjupl/ n. 学生 p.38
instead of 代替；反而 p.42
completely /kmplitli/
turn ... into 变成 p.43
adv. 彻底地；完全地 p.38
object /bdkt/, /Abdkt/
shocked /Skt/, /SAkt/
adj. 惊愕的；受震惊的 p.38
n. 物体；物品 p.43
silence /salns/
hide /had/ v. (hid /hd/)隐藏；隐蔽 p.43
n. 沉默；缄默；无声 p.38 tail /tel/ n. 尾巴 p.43
in silence 沉默；无声 p.38 magic /mdk/
recently /risntli/ adv.不久前；最近 p.38 adj. 有魔力的；有神奇力量的 p.43
take down 拆除；往下拽；记录 p.38 stick /stk/ n. 棍；条 p.43
terrorist /terrst/ excite /ksat/ v. 使激动；使兴奋 p.43
n. 恐怖主义者；恐怖分子 p.38 Western /west(r)n/
date /det/ n. 日期；日子 p.38 adj. 西方国家的；（尤指）欧美的；
tower /ta(r)/ n. 塔；塔楼 p.38
西方的（w可以小写） p.43
truth /tru/ n. 实情；事实 p.39
once upon /pn/, /pAn/ a time
从前 p.44
Allen /ln/ 艾伦（姓） p.38
stepsister /stepsst(r)/ n. 继姐（妹） p.44
Martin /mA(r)tn/ Luther/lu(r)/
prince /prns/ n. 王子 p.44
King /k/ 马丁·路德·金 p.38
fall in love 爱上；喜欢上 p.44
fit /ft/ v. 适合；合身 p.44
Alabama /lbm/
couple /kpl/ n（. 尤指）夫妻；两人；
亚拉巴马州（美国） p.35
两件事物 p.44
Animal Helpline /helplan/
动物保护热线 p.37
smile /smal/ v. & n. 笑；微笑 p.44
World Trade /tred/ Center marry /mri/ v. 结婚 p.44
世贸大楼（美国纽约） p.38 get married 结婚 p.44
119Words and Expressions in Each Unit
gold /gld/ n. 金子；金币 Little Red Riding Hood /hd/
adj. 金色的 p.45 《小红帽》 p.46
emperor /empr(r)/ n. 皇帝 p.45 Hansel /hnsl/ and Gretel /gretl/
silk /slk/ n. 丝绸；丝织物 p.45 《韩塞尔与葛雷特》（《糖果屋》） p.46
underwear /ndwe/, /ndrwer/
n. 内衣 p.45 Unit 7
nobody /nbdi/ pron. 没有人 square /skwe/, /skwer/
n. 小人物 p.45 adj. 平方；正方形的
stupid /stjupd/, /stupd/
n.正方形；广场 p.49
adj. 愚蠢的 p.45
meter /mit(r)/(=metre)
cheat /tSit/ v. 欺骗；蒙骗
n.米；公尺 p.49
n. 骗子 p.45
deep /dip/ adj. 深的；纵深的 p.49
stepmother /stepm(r)/ n. 继母 p.46
desert /dez(r)t/ n. 沙漠 p.49
wife /waf/ n. 妻子；太太 p.46
Asia /e/, /eS/ n.亚洲 p.50
husband /hzbnd/ n. 丈夫 p.46
feel free（ 可以）随便（做某事） p.50
whole /hl/ adj. 全部的；整体的 p.46
tour /t/, /tr/ n. & v. 旅行；旅游 p.50
scene /sin/
tourist /trst/, /trst/
n（. 戏剧或歌剧的）场；场景 p.46
n.旅行者；观光者 p.50
moonlight /munlat/ n. 月光 p.46
wall /wOl/ n.墙 p.50
shine /San/ v. (shone /Sn/)
amazing /mez/ adj. 令人大为
发光；照耀 p.46
惊奇的；令人惊喜（或惊叹）的 p.50
bright /brat/ adv. 光亮地；明亮地
ancient /enSnt/
adj. 明亮的；光线充足的 p.46
adj. 古代的；古老的 p.50
ground /grand/ n. 地；地面 p.47
protect /prtekt/ v. 保护；防护 p.50
lead /lid/ v. (led /led/)带路； 领路 p.47
wide /wad/ adj. 宽的；宽阔的 p.50
voice /vOs/ n. 声音 p.47
as far as I know 就我所知 p.50
brave /brev/ adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 p.47
man-made /mn med/ adj. 人造的 p.50
achievement /tSivmnt/
Claudia /klOdi/, /kladi/
克劳迪娅（女名） p.42
n. 成就；成绩 p.51
southwestern /sawest(r)n/
Journey to the West《 西游记》 p.41 adj.西南的；西南方向的 p.51
the Monkey King /k/ 美猴王 p.43 thick /k/ adj. 厚的；浓的 p.51
Sleeping Beauty /bjuti/《 睡美人》 p.46 include /nklud/ v. 包括；包含 p.51
Cinderella /sndrel/《 灰姑娘》 p.46 freezing /friz/ adj.极冷的；冰冻的 p.51
120Words and Expressions in Each Unit
condition /kndSn/ n. 条件；状况 p.51 fall over 绊倒 p.54
take in 吸入 p.51 or so 大约 p.54
succeed /sksid/ v. 实现目标；成功 p.51 illness /lns/ n. 疾病；病 p.54
challenge /tSlnd/ wild /wald/ adj. 野生的 p.54
v. & n. 挑战；考验 p.51 government /gv(r)nmnt/
in the face of 面对（问题、困难等） p.51 n. 政府；内阁 p.54
achieve /tSiv/ v. 达到；完成；成功 p.51 whale /wel/ n.鲸 p.55
force /fO(r)s/ n.力；力量 p.51 oil /Ol/ n.油；食用油；石油 p.55
nature /netS(r)/ n. 自然界；大自然 p.51 protection /prtekSn/ n. 保护；保卫 p.55
even though (=even if)即使；虽然 p.51
huge /hjud/ adj. 巨大的；极多的 p.55
ocean /Sn/ n. 大海；海洋 p.52
Tenzing /tenz/ Norgay /nrge/
the Pacific /psfk/ Ocean 太平洋 p.52
丹增·诺尔盖 p.51
cm (=centimeter/centimetre)
Edmund /edmnd/ Hillary /hlri/
/sentmit(r)/ 厘米 p.53
埃德蒙·希拉里 p.51
weigh /we/ v.重量是……；
Junko /duk/ Tabei /tAbe/
称……的重量 p.53
田部井淳子 p.51
birth /b(r)/ n. 出生；诞生 p.53
at birth 出生时 p.53
Qomolangma /tSmlAm/
up to 到达（某数量、程度等）；
珠穆朗玛峰 p.49
至多有；不多于 p.53
the Nile /nal/ 尼罗河 p.49
adult /dlt/, /dlt/
the Caspian /kspin/ Sea
adj. 成年的；成人的
里海 p.49
n. 成人；成年动物 p.53
the Sahara /shAr/ 撒哈拉沙漠 p.49
bamboo /bmbu/ n.竹子 p.54
the Yangtze /jtsi/ River 长江 p.50
endangered /ndend(r)d/
the Yellow River 黄河 p.50
adj.濒危的 p.54
the Ming Dynasty /dnsti/,
research /rs(r)tS/
/dansti/ 明朝 p.50
n.& v. 研究；调查（用作名词时，
the Ming Great Wall 明长城 p.50
重音可放在第一个音节） p.54
the Himalayas /hmlez/
keeper /kip(r)/ n.饲养员；保管人 p.54
喜马拉雅山脉 p.51
awake /wek/ adj. 醒着 p.54 the Amazon /mzn/, /mzAn/
excitement /ksatmnt/ River 亚马孙河 p.52
n. 激动；兴奋 p.54 Chengdu Research Base /bes/
walk into 走路时撞着 p.54 成都研究基地 p.54
121Words and Expressions in Each Unit
Unit 8 abroad /brOd/ adv. 在国外；到国外 p.62
treasure /tre(r)/ n.珠宝；财富 p.57 actually /ktSuli/
island /alnd/ n.岛 p.57 adv. 真实地；事实上 p.62
full of 满是……的；（ 有）大量的； ever since 自从 p.62
（有）丰富的 p.58 fan /fn/ n.迷；狂热爱好者 p.62
classic /klsk/ n. 经典作品；名著 p.58 southern /s(r)n/ adj.南方的 p.62
page /ped/ n（. 书刊或纸张的）页， modern /mdn/, /mAdrn/
面，张 p.58
adj. 现代的；当代的 p.62
hurry /hri/ v.匆忙；赶快 p.58
success /skses/ n.成功 p.62
belong /bl/, /blO/
hurry up 赶快；急忙（做某事） p.58
due /dju/, /du/ adj.预期；预定 p.58
v. 属于；归属 p.62
one another 互相 p.62
fisherman /fS(r)mn/
laughter /lAft/, /lft(r)/
n. (pl. fishermen /fS(r)mn/)
n. 笑；笑声 p.62
渔民；钓鱼者 p.59
beauty /bjuti/ n. 美；美丽 p.62
pull /pl/ v. 拉；拖 p.59
million /mljn/ num. 一百万 p.62
shark /SA(r)k/ n. 鲨鱼 p.59
record
bone /bn/ n. 骨头 p.59
/rekOd/, /rekrd/ n. 唱片；记录
defeat /dfit/ v. & n. 击败；战胜 p.59
/rkO(r)d/ v. 录制；录（音） p.62
destroy /dstrO/ v. 摧毁；毁坏 p.59
introduce /ntrdjus/, /ntrdus/
recommend /rekmend/ v. 推荐；
v. 介绍；引见 p.63
建议 p.59
line /lan/ n. 行；排 p.64
title /tatl/ n. 名称；标题；题目 p.59
fiction /fkSn/ n.小说 p.60
Alex /lks/ 亚历克斯（男名） p.61
science fiction 科幻小说（或影片等） p.60
Garth /gA(r)/ Brooks /brks/
technology /teknldi/,
加思·布鲁克斯 p.62
/teknAldi/ n.科技；工艺 p.60
The Beatles /bitlz/
French /frentS/ n. 法语 p.60
披头士乐队（英国） p.64
pop /pp/, /pAp/
n.流行音乐；流行乐曲 p.61
Treasure Island《 金银岛》 p.57
rock /rk/, /rAk/ n. 摇滚乐 p.61 Alice in Wonderland /wnd(r)lnd/
band /bnd/ n.乐队 p.61 《爱丽丝梦游仙境》 p.57
country music（ 也作country） Little Women《 小妇人》 p.57
乡村音乐 p.62 Oliver /lv(r)/, /Alv(r)/ Twist
forever /frev(r)/ adv. 永远 p.62 /twst/《雾都孤儿》 p.57
122Words and Expressions in Each Unit
Robinson Crusoe /krus/ unusual /njuul/
《鲁滨逊漂流记》 p.57 adj.特别的；不寻常的 p.67
Tom Sawyer /sOj(r)/ toilet /tOlt/ n.坐便器；厕所 p.67
《汤姆·索亚历险记》 p.57 encourage /nkrd/, /nkrd/
Ernest /(r)nst/ Hemingway v. 鼓励 p.67
欧内斯特·海明威 p.59 social /sSl/ adj. 社会的 p.67
Pulitzer /pltz(r)/ Prize 普利策奖 p.59 peaceful /pisfl/
Harry Potter /pt(r)/, /pAtr/ adj. 和平的；安宁的 p.67
《 哈利·波特》 p.60 tea art 茶艺 p.67
performance /p(r)fO(r)mns/
Nashville /nSvl/ n. 表演；演出 p.67
纳什维尔（美国田纳西州首府） p.62 perfect /p(r)fkt/
Tennessee /tensi/ adj. 完美的；完全的 p.67
田纳西州（美国） p.62 tea set 茶具 p.67
Country Music Hall of Fame /fem/ itself /tself/ pron（. it的反身代词）
and Museum 它自己 p.67
乡村音乐名人堂与博物馆 p.62 collect /klekt/ v. 收集；采集 p.67
a couple of 两个；一对；几个 p.68
Unit 9 German /d(r)mn/
amusement /mjuzmnt/ adj. 德国的；德语的；德国人的
n. 娱乐；游戏 p.65 n. 德语；德国人 p.68
amusement park 游乐场 p.65 theme /im/ n.主题 p.68
somewhere /smwe/, /smwer/ ride /rad/ n. 供乘骑的游乐设施；
adv. 在某处；到某处 p.65 短途旅程 p.68
camera /kmr/ province /prvns/, /prAvns/
n. 照相机；摄影机；摄像机 p.66 n. 省份 p.68
invention /nvenSn/ n. 发明； thousand /aznd/ num. 一千 p.70
发明物 p.66 thousands of 数以千计的；许许多多的 p.70
invent /nvent/ v. 发明；创造 p.67 on the one hand ... on the other hand ...
unbelievable /nblivbl/ 一方面……另一方面…… p.70
adj. 难以置信的；不真实的 p.67 safe /sef/ adj.安全的；无危险的 p.70
progress /prgres/, /prAgres/ population /ppjuleSn/,
n（. v. /prgres/）进步；进展 p.67 /pApjuleSn/ n. 人口；人口数量 p.70
rapid /rpd/ adj. 迅速的；快速的 p.67 simply /smpli/ adv. 仅仅；只；不过 p.70
123Words and Expressions in Each Unit
fear /f/, /fr/ v. & n.害怕；惧怕 p.70 Night Safari /sfAri/ 夜间野生动物园 p.70
whether /we(r)/ conj. 不管……
（还是）；或者……（或者）；是否 p.70 Unit 10
Indian /ndin/ adj.印度的 yard /jA(r)d/ n. 院子 p.73
n.印度人 p.70 yard sale 庭院拍卖会 p.73
Japanese /dpniz/ sweet /swit/ adj. 甜蜜的；甜的；
adj. 日本的；日本人的；日语的 含糖的 p.73
n. 日本人；日语 p.70 memory /memri/ n. 记忆；回忆 p.73
fox /fks/, /fAks/ n. 狐狸 p.70 cent /sent/ n. 分；分币 p.73
all year round 全年 p.70
toy /tO/ n. 玩具 p.74
equator /kwet(r)/ n.赤道 p.70
bear /be/, /ber/ n. 熊 p.74
whenever /wenev(r)/
maker /mek(r)/
conj.在任何……的时候；无论何时 p.70
n. 生产者；制订者 p.74
spring /spr/ n.春天 p.70
bread maker 面包机 p.74
mostly /mstli/ adv.主要地；通常 p.71
scarf /skA(r)f/ n. 围巾；披巾；头巾 p.74
location /lkeSn/ n.地点；位置 p.71
soft /sft/, /sOft/ adj. 软的；柔软的 p.74
soft toy 软体玩具；布绒玩具 p.74
National /nSnl/ Science Museum
check /tSek/ v. & n.检查；审查 p.74
国家科学博物馆 p.65
check out 察看；观察 p.74
International /nt(r)nSnl/
board /bO(r)d/ n. 板；木板 p.74
Museum of Toilets
board game 棋类游戏 p.74
国际厕所博物馆 p.67
junior /duni(r)/
China National Tea Museum
adj. 地位（或职位、级别）低下的 p.75
中国茶叶博物馆 p.67
junior high school 初级中学 p.75
Donald /dnld/, /dAnld/ Duck
clear /kl/, /klr/ v. 清理；清除 p.75
唐老鸭 p.68
clear out 清理；丢掉 p.75
Disneyland /dznilnd/ 迪斯尼乐园 p.68
bedroom /bedrum/ n. 卧室 p.75
Disney Cruise /kruz/ 迪斯尼游轮 p.68
no longer 不再；不复 p.75
the Terracotta /terkt/,
/terkAt/ Army 兵马俑 p.69
own /n/ v. 拥有；有 p.75
the Bird’s Nest/nest/ 鸟巢 p.69
railway /relwe/ n. 铁路；铁道 p.75
Singapore /spO(r)/, /spO(r)/ part /pA(r)t/ v. 离开；分开 p.75
新加坡 p.70 part with 放弃、交出（尤指不舍得的
Southeast Asia 东南亚 p.70 东西） p.75
124Words and Expressions in Each Unit
certain /s(r)tn/ nowadays /nadez/
adj. 某种；某事；某人 p.75 adv. 现今；现在；目前 p.78
as for 至于；关于 p.75 century /sentSri/ n. 百年；世纪 p.78
honest /nst/, /Anst/ count /kant/ v. 数数 p.78
adj. 诚实的；老实的 p.75 regard /rgA(r)d/ v. 将……认为；
to be honest 说实在的 p.75 把……视为；看待 p.78
while /wal/ n. 一段时间；一会儿 p.75 according /kO(r)d/ to 依据；按照 p.78
truthful /trufl/ opposite /pzt/, /Apzt/
adj. 诚实的；真实的 p.75 prep. 与……相对；在……对面
gun /gn/ n.枪；炮 p.76 adj. 对面的；另一边的 p.78
sand /snd/ n.沙滩；沙 p.76 especially /speSli/
hometown /hmtan/ adv. 尤其；特别；格外 p.78
n. 家乡；故乡 p.76 childhood /tSaldhd/ n. 童年；幼年 p.78
search /s(r)tS/ v. & n. 搜索；搜查 p.78 consider /knsd(r)/
among /m/ v. 注视；仔细考虑 p.79
prep. 在（其）中；……之一 p.78 close to 几乎；接近 p.79
crayon /kren/ n. 彩色铅笔 hold /hld/ v. (held /held/, held)
（或粉笔、蜡笔） p.78 拥有；抓住 p.79
shame /Sem/ n. 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧 p.78
125Vocabulary Index
Vocabulary Index
（注：在本词表中，重点词汇用黑体标出。
在英式发音和美式发音有区别时，英式发音在前，美式发音在后。）
A ancient /enSnt/ adj. 古代的；古老的 p.50
a couple of 两个；一对；几个 p.68 anymore /enimO(r)/
a little bit 有点儿；稍微 p.42 adv（. 常用于否定句和疑问句末）
abroad /brOd/ adv. 在国外；到国外 p.62 再也（不）；（不）再 p.28
accident /ksdnt/ n（. 交通）事故； anyway /eniwe/ adv. 而且；加之 p.22
意外遭遇 p.6 apart /pA(r)t/ adv. 分离；分开 p.35
according /kO(r)dN/ to 依据；按照 p.78 area /eri/, /eri/ n. 地域；地区 p.35
achieve /tSiv/ v. 达到；完成；成功 p.51 argue /A(r)gju/ v. 争吵；争论 p.27
achievement /tSivmnt/ as far as I know 就我所知 p.50
n. 成就；成绩 p.51 as for 至于；关于 p.75
actually /ktSuli/ as soon as 一……就…… p.19
adv. 真实地；事实上 p.62 Asia /e/, /eS/ n.亚洲 p.50
adult /dlt/, /dlt/ asleep /slip/ adj. 睡着 p.35
adj. 成年的；成人的 at birth 出生时 p.53
n. 成人；成年动物 p.53 at first 起初；起先 p.35
against /genst/ prep. 倚；碰；撞 p.35 awake /wek/ adj. 醒着 p.54
alarm /lA(r)m/ n. 闹钟 p.34
all the time 频繁；反复 p.19 B
all year round 全年 p.70 bamboo /bmbu/ n.竹子 p.54
allow /la/ v. 允许；准许 p.25 band /bnd/ n.乐队 p.61
alone /ln/ adv. 独自；单独 p.12 bandage /bndd/ n. 绷带
amazing /mezN/ adj. 令人大为 v. 用绷带包扎 p.5
惊奇的；令人惊喜（或惊叹）的 p.50 be in control of 掌管；管理 p.6
among /mN/ be used to 习惯于……；适应于…… p.6
prep. 在（其）中；……之一 p.78 bear /be/, /ber/ n. 熊 p.74
amusement /mjuzmnt/ beat /bit/ v（. beat /bit/）敲打；打败 p.35
n. 娱乐；游戏 p.65 beauty /bjuti/ n. 美；美丽 p.62
amusement park 游乐场 p.65 bedroom /bedrum/ n. 卧室 p.75
126
PPaaggee PPBBVocabulary Index
begin /bgn/ v. (began /bgn/) cheat /tSit/ v. 欺骗；蒙骗
开始 p.34 n. 骗子 p.45
belong /blN/, /blON/ check /tSek/ v. & n.检查；审查 p.74
v. 属于；归属 p.62 check out 察看；观察 p.74
big deal 重要的事 p.26 cheer /tS/, /tSr/ v. 欢呼；喝彩 p.9
birth /b(r)/ n. 出生；诞生 p.53 cheer up（ 使）变得更高兴；（使）振奋
bit /bt/ n. 一点；小块 p.42 起来 p.9
blind /bland/ adj. 瞎的；失明的 p.14 childhood /tSaldhUd/ n. 童年；幼年 p.78
blood /bld/ n. 血 p.6 chore /tSO(r)/ n. 杂务；乏味无聊的
board /bO(r)d/ n. 板；木板 p.74
工作 p.20
classic /klsk/ n. 经典作品；名著 p.58
board game 棋类游戏 p.74
clean up 打扫（或清除）干净 p.9
bone /bUn/ n. 骨头 p.59
clear /kl/, /klr/
borrow /brU/, /bArU/ v. 借；借用 p.20
adj. 清楚易懂的；晴朗的 p.27
brave /brev/ adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 p.47
clear /kl/, /klr/ v. 清理；清除 p.75
bread maker 面包机 p.74
clear out 清理；丢掉 p.75
break /brek/ n. 间歇；休息 p.2
clever /klev(r)/ adj. 聪明的；聪颖的p .14
breathe /bri/ v. 呼吸 p.6
climber /klam(r)/ n. 登山者；攀登者 p.6
bright /brat/ adv. 光亮地；明亮地
close to 几乎；接近 p.79
adj. 明亮的；光线充足的 p.46
cloud /klaUd/ n. 云；云朵 p.27
broken /brUkn/
cm (=centimeter/centimetre)
adj. 破损的；残缺的 p.13
/sentmit(r)/ 厘米 p.53
collect /klekt/ v. 收集；采集 p.67
C
come up with 想出；提出
call up 打电话给（某人）；征召 p.10
（主意、计划、回答等） p.10
camera /kmr/
communicate /kmjunket/
n. 照相机；摄影机；摄像机 p.66
v. 交流；沟通 p.27
care for 照顾；非常喜欢 p.10
communication /kmjunkeSn/
carry /kri/ v. 拿；提；扛 p.14
n. 交流；沟通 p.27
cause /kOz/ v. 造成；引起 p.30 compare /kmpe/, /kmper/ v.比较p .30
cent /sent/ n. 分；分币 p.73
compare ... with 比较；对比 p.30
century /sentSri/ n. 百年；世纪 p.78 compete /kmpit/ v. 竞争；对抗 p.29
certain /s(r)tn/ adj. 某种；某事；某人 p.75 completely /kmplitli/
challenge /tSlnd/ v. & n. 挑战；考验 p.51 adv. 彻底地；完全地 p.38
change /tSend/ v. & n. 变化；改变 p.14 condition /kndSn/ n. 条件；状况 p.51
127Vocabulary Index
consider /knsd(r)/ die down 逐渐变弱；逐渐消失 p.35
v. 注视；仔细考虑 p.79 difficulty /dfklti/ n. 困难；难题 p.14
continue /kntnju/ v. 持续；继续存在 p.30 disabled /dsebld/ adj. 丧失能力的；
control /kntrUl/ 有残疾的 p.14
n. & v. 限制；约束；管理 p.6 door /dO(r)/ n. 门 p.14
copy /kpi/, /kApi/ v. 抄袭；模仿； drop /drp/, /drAp/ v. 落下；掉下 p.22
复制；复印 p.28 due /dju/, /du/ adj.预期；预定 p.58
cough /kf/, /kOf/ n. & v. 咳嗽 p.2
count /kaUnt/ v. 数数 p.78 E
country music（ 也作country） elder /eld(r)/ adj. 年纪较长的 p.27
乡村音乐 p.62 emperor /empr(r)/ n. 皇帝 p.45
couple /kpl/ n（. 尤指）夫妻；两人； encourage /nkrd/, /nkrd/
两件事物 p.44 v. 鼓励 p.67
crayon /kren/ n. 彩色铅笔 endangered /ndend(r)d/ adj.濒危的 p.54
（或粉笔、蜡笔） p.78 equator /kwet(r)/ n.赤道 p.70
crazy /krezi/ adj. 不理智的；疯狂的 p.30 especially /speSli/ adv. 尤其；特别；
cut off 切除 p.6 格外 p.78
cut out 删除；删去 p.30 even though (=even if)即使；虽然 p.51
ever since 自从 p.62
D excite /ksat/ v. 使激动；使兴奋 p.43
date /det/ n. 日期；日子 p.38 excited /ksatd/ adj. 激动的；兴奋的 p.14
deaf /def/ adj. 聋的 p.14 excitement /ksatmnt/ n. 激动；
deal /dil/ n. 协议；交易 p.26 兴奋 p.54
death /de/ n. 死；死亡 p.6 explain /ksplen/ v. 解释；说明 p.27
decision /dsn/ n. 决定；抉择 p.6
deep /dip/ adj. 深的；纵深的 p.49 F
defeat /dfit/ v. & n. 击败；战胜 p.59 fair /fe/, /fer/ adj. 合理的；公正的 p.24
depend /dpend/ v. 依靠；信赖 p.22 fairness /fens/, /ferns/
depend on 依靠；信赖 p.22 n. 公正性；合理性 p.22
desert /dez(r)t/ n. 沙漠 p.49 fall asleep 进入梦乡；睡着 p.35
destroy /dstrO/ v. 摧毁；毁坏 p.59 fall in love 爱上；喜欢上 p.44
develop /dvelp/ v. 发展；壮大 p.22 fall over 绊倒 p.54
development /dvelpmnt/ fallen /fOln/ adj. 倒下的；落下的 p.35
n. 发展；发育；成长 p.30 fan /fn/ n.迷；狂热爱好者 p.62
128Vocabulary Index
fear /f/, /fr/ v. & n.害怕；惧怕 p.70 give out 分发；散发 p.9
feel free（ 可以）随便（做某事） p.50 give up 放弃 p.7
feeling /filN/ n. 感觉；感触 p.11 go off（ 闹钟）发出响声 p.34
fever /fiv(r)/ n. 发烧 p.2 god /gd/, /gAd/ n. 神；上帝（God） p.42
fiction /fkSn/ n.小说 p.60 gold /gUld/ n. 金子；金币
finger /fNg(r)/ n. 手指 p.20 adj. 金色的 p.45
fisherman /fS(r)mn/ government /gv(r)nmnt/
n. (pl. fishermen /fS(r)mn/) n. 政府；内阁 p.54
渔民；钓鱼者 p.59 ground /graUnd/ n. 地；地面 p.47
fit /ft/ v. 适合；合身 p.44
guess /ges/ v. 猜测；估计 p.26
fix /fks/ v. 修理；安装 p.13
gun /gn/ n.枪；炮 p.76
fix up 修理；装饰 p.13
flashlight /flSlat/ n. 手电筒 p.35
H
floor /flO(r)/ n. 地板 p.17
hand out 分发 p.10
fold /fUld/ v. 折叠；对折 p.17
hate /het/ v. 厌恶；讨厌 p.20
foot /fUt/ n. 脚；足 p.1
have a cold 感冒 p.1
football /fUtbOl/ n（. 美式）橄榄球；
have a fever 发烧 p.2
足球 p.30
have a look 看一看 p.36
force /fO(r)s/ n.力；力量 p.51
have a stomachache 胃痛 p.1
forever /frev(r)/ adv. 永远 p.62
headache /hedek/ n. 头痛 p.2
fox /fks/, /fAks/ n. 狐狸 p.70
heavily /hevli/ adv. 在很大程度上；
freezing /frizN/ adj.极冷的；冰冻的 p.51
大量地 p.34
French /frentS/ n. 法语 p.60
herself /h(r)self/
full of 满是……的；（ 有）大量的；
pron（. she的反身代词）她自己 p.4
（有）丰富的 p.58
hide /had/ v. (hid /hd/)隐藏；隐蔽 p.43
hit /ht/ v. (hit /ht/)（用手或器具）
G
German /d(r)mn/
击；打 p.3
adj. 德国的；德语的；德国人的
hold /hUld/ v. (held /held/, held)
n. 德语；德国人 p.68 拥有；抓住 p.79
get into 陷入；参与 p.3 hometown /hUmtaUn/ n. 家乡；故乡p .76
get married 结婚 p.44 honest /nst/, /Anst/
get off 下车 p.3 adj. 诚实的；老实的 p.75
get on with 和睦相处；关系良好 p.27 huge /hjud/ adj. 巨大的；极多的 p.55
get out of 离开；从……出来 p.6 hurry /hri/ v.匆忙；赶快 p.58
give away 赠送；捐赠 p.13 hurry up 赶快；急忙（做某事） p.58
129Vocabulary Index
hurt /h(r)t/ v. (hurt /h(r)t/) journey /d(r)ni/
（使）疼痛；受伤 p.2 n（. 尤指长途）旅行；行程 p.11
husband /hzbnd/ n. 丈夫 p.46 joy /dO/ n. 高兴；愉快 p.11
junior /duni(r)/
I adj. 地位（或职位、级别）低下的 p.75
icy /asi/ adj. 覆盖着冰的；冰冷的 p.36 junior high school 初级中学 p.75
ill /l/ adj. 有病；不舒服 p.22
illness /lns/ n. 疾病；病 p.54
K
imagine /mdn/ v. 想象；设想 p.14 keeper /kip(r)/ n.饲养员；保管人 p.54
importance /mpO(r)tns/ n. 重要性；重要 p.6
kid /kd/ v. 开玩笑；欺骗 p.36
in one’s opinion 依……看 p.32
kilo /kilU/ (= kilogram)
in order to 目的是；为了 p.22
n. 千克；公斤 p.6
in silence 沉默；无声 p.38
kindness /kandns/ n. 仁慈；善良 p.14
in the face of 面对（问题、困难等） p.51
knee /ni/ n. 膝；膝盖 p.5
include /nklud/ v. 包括；包含 p.51
knife /naf/ n. (pl. knives /navz/)刀 p.6
independence /ndpendns/ n. 独立 p.22
independent /ndpendnt/
L
adj. 独立的；自主的 p.22
laughter /lAft/, /lft(r)/ n. 笑；笑声 p.62
Indian /ndin/ adj.印度的
lead /lid/ v. (led /led/)带路；领路 p.47
n. 印度人 p.70
lend /lend/ v. (lent /lent/) 借给；借出 p.20
instead /nsted/ adv. 代替；反而；却 p.27
letter /let(r)/ n. 信；函 p.14
instead of 代替；反而 p.42
lie /la/ v. (lay /le/)躺；平躺 p.2
interest /ntrst/ n. 兴趣；关注
lie down 躺下 p.2
v. 使感兴趣；使关注 p.16
light /lat/ n. 光；光线；光亮 p.35
introduce /ntrdjus/, /ntrdus/
line /lan/ n. 行；排 p.64
v. 介绍；引见 p.63
invent /nvent/ v.发明；创造 p.67
location /lUkeSn/ n.地点；位置 p.71
invention /nvenSn/ n.发明；发明物 p.66
lonely /lUnli/ adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 p.10
island /alnd/ n.岛 p.57 look through 快速查看；浏览 p.26
itself /tself/ pron（. it的反身代词）
它自己 p.67 M
madam /mdm/ n. 夫人；女士
J （用于正式信函中对不知名的女性
Japanese /dpniz/ 收信人的称呼时，写为Madam） p.16
adj. 日本的；日本人的；日语的 magic /mdk/
n. 日本人；日语 p.70 adj. 有魔力的；有神奇力量的 p.43
130Vocabulary Index
make a difference 影响；有作用 p.14 nosebleed /nUzblid/ n. 鼻出血 p.5
make one’s way 前往；费力地前进 p.37 notice /nUts/ n. 通知；通告；注意
maker /mek(r)/ n. 生产者；制订者 p.74 v. 注意到；意识到 p.10
man-made /mn med/ adj. 人造的 p.50 nowadays /naUdez/
marry /mri/ v. 结婚 p.44 adv. 现今；现在；目前 p.78
match /mtS/ n. 火柴 p.35 nurse /n(r)s/ n. 护士 p.8
matter /mt(r)/ n. 问题；事情 p.1
mean /min/ v. (meant /ment/) O
意思是；打算；意欲 p.6 object /bdkt/, /Abdkt/
member /memb(r)/ n. 成员；分子 p.29 n. 物体；物品 p.43
memory /memri/ n. 记忆；回忆 p.73 ocean /USn/ n. 大海；海洋 p.52
mess /mes/ n. 杂乱；不整洁 p.18 off /f/, /Of/ adv. & prep. 离开（某处）；
meter /mit(r)/(=metre) n. 米；公尺 p.49 不工作；从……去掉 p.3
midnight /mdnat/ n. 午夜；子夜 p.12 offer /f/, /Afr/
million /mljn/ num. 一百万 p.62 v. 主动提出；自愿给予 p.27
Miss /ms/ n. 女士；小姐 p.14 oil /Ol/ n.油；食用油；石油 p.55
modern /mdn/, /mAdrn/ on the one hand ... on the other hand ...
adj. 现代的；当代的 p.62 一方面……另一方面…… p.70
moonlight /munlat/ n. 月光 p.46 once upon /pn/, /pAn/ a time
mostly /mUstli/ adv.主要地；通常 p.71 从前 p.44
one another 互相 p.62
N onto /ntu/, /Antu/ prep. 向；朝 p.3
nature /netS(r)/ n. 自然界；大自然 p.51 open /Upn/ v. 开；打开 p.14
neck /nek/ n. 颈；脖子 p.1 opinion /pnjn/
neighbor /neb(r)/ (=neighbour) n. 意见；想法；看法 p.30
n.邻居 p.22 opposite /pzt/, /Apzt/
neither /na/, /ni(r)/ adv. 也不 prep. 与……相对；在……对面
pron. 两者都不 p.19 adj. 对面的；另一边的 p.78
nervous /n(r)vs/ or so 大约 p.54
adj. 焦虑的；担忧的 p.27 ourselves /aU(r)selvz/
no longer 不再；不复 p.75 pron（. we的反身代词）我们自己 p.6
nobody /nUbdi/ pron. 没有人 own /Un/ v. 拥有；有 p.75
n. 小人物 p.45 owner /Un(r)/ n. 物主；主人 p.11
131Vocabulary Index
P pull /pUl/ v. 拉；拖 p.59
page /ped/ n（. 书刊或纸张的）页， pupil /pjupl/ n. 学生 p.38
面，张 p.58 push /pUS/ v. 鞭策；督促；推动 p.30
part /pA(r)t/ v. 离开；分开 p.75 put off 推迟 p.10
part with 放弃、交出（尤指不舍得的
东西） p.75 Q
pass /pAs/, /ps/ v. 给；递；走过； quick /kwk/ adj. 快的；迅速的；
通过 p.20 时间短暂的 p.30
passage /psd/ n. 章节；段落 p.38
passenger /psnd(r)/ R
n. 乘客；旅客 p.3 railway /relwe/ n. 铁路；铁道 p.75
peaceful /pisfl/ adj. 和平的；安宁的 p.67 rainstorm /renstO(r)m/ n. 暴风雨 p.33
perfect /p(r)fkt/ raise /rez/ v. 募集；征集 p.12
adj. 完美的；完全的 p.67 rapid /rpd/ adj. 迅速的；快速的 p.67
performance /p(r)fO(r)mns/ realize /rlaz/, /rilaz/
n. 表演；演出 p.67 v. 理解；领会；认识到 p.37
perhaps /p(r)hps/ recently /risntli/ adv.不久前；最近 p.38
adv. 可能；大概；也许 p.32 recommend /rekmend/ v. 推荐；
pick up（=pick up the phone）接电话 p.34 建议 p.59
pop /pp/, /pAp/ record
n. 流行音乐；流行乐曲 p.61 /rekOd/, /rekrd/ n. 唱片；记录
population /ppjuleSn/, /rkO(r)d/ v. 录制；录（音） p.62
/pApjuleSn/ n. 人口；人口数量 p.70 regard /rgA(r)d/ v. 将……认为；
press /pres/ v. 压；挤；按 p.5 把……视为；看待 p.78
pressure /preS(r)/ n. 压力 p.29 relation /rleSn/ n. 关系；联系；交往 p.27
prince /prns/ n. 王子 p.44 remind /rmand/ v. 提醒；使想起 p.42
progress /prUgres/, /prAgres/ repair /rpe/, /rper/ v. 修理；修补 p.13
n（. v. /prgres/）进步；进展 p.67 report /rpO(r)t/ v. & n. 报道；公布 p.35
proper /prp/, /prApr/ research /rs(r)tS/
adj. 正确的；恰当的 p.27 n.& v. 研究；调查（用作名词时，
protect /prtekt/ v. 保护；防护 p.50 重音可放在第一个音节） p.54
protection /prtekSn/ n. 保护；保卫 p.55 rest /rest/ v. & n. 放松；休息 p.2
provide /prvad/ v. 提供；供应 p.22 return /rt(r)n/ v. 归还；回来；返回 p.28
province /prvns/, /prAvns/ ride /rad/ n. 供乘骑的游乐设施；
n. 省份 p.68 短途旅程 p.68
132Vocabulary Index
right away 立即；马上 p.3 silk /slk/ n. 丝绸；丝织物 p.45
rise /raz/ v. (rose /rUz/) silly /sli/ adj. 愚蠢的；不明事理的 p.42
& n. 升起；增加；提高 p.35 simply /smpli/ adv. 仅仅；只；
risk /rsk/ n. & v. 危险；风险；冒险 p.6 不过 p.70
rock /rk/, /rAk/ n. 岩石 p.6 sinc e /sns/ conj. 因为；既然
rock /rk/, /rAk/ n. 摇滚乐 p.61 prep., conj. & adv.从……以后；
rubbish /rbS/ n. 垃圾；废弃物 p.17 自……以来 p.22
run out (of) 用尽；耗尽 p.6 sir /s(r)/ n. 先生（用于正式信函中
对不知名的男性收信人的称呼时，
S
写为Sir） p.16
safe /sef/ adj.安全的；无危险的 p.70
situation /stSueSn/ n. 情况；状况 p.6
sand /snd/ n.沙滩；沙 p.76
skill /skl/ n. 技艺；技巧 p.30
satisfaction /stsfkSn/
smile /smal/ v. & n. 笑；微笑 p.44
n. 满足；满意 p.11
snack /snk/ n. 点心；小吃；快餐 p.21
scarf /skA(r)f/ n. 围巾；披巾；头巾 p.74
social /sUSl/ adj. 社会的 p.67
scene /sin/ n（. 戏剧或歌剧的）
soft /sft/, /sOft/ adj. 软的；柔软的 p.74
场；场景 p.46
soft toy 软体玩具；布绒玩具 p.74
science fiction 科幻小说（或影片等） p.60
somewhere /smwe/, /smwer/
search /s(r)tS/ v. & n. 搜索；搜查 p.78
adv. 在某处；到某处 p.65
secondly /sekndli/ adv. 第二；其次 p.27
sore /sO(r)/ adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的 p.1
set up 建起；设立 p.14
southern /s(r)n/ adj.南方的 p.62
several /sevrl/ pron. 几个；数个；一些 p.11
southwestern /saUwest(r)n/
shame /Sem/ n. 羞耻；羞愧；惭愧 p.78
adj.西南的；西南方向的 p.51
shark /SA(r)k/ n. 鲨鱼 p.59
spirit /sprt/ n. 勇气；意志 p.6
shine /San/ v. (shone /Sn/)
spring /sprN/ n.春天 p.70
发光；照耀 p.46
square /skwe/, /skwer/
shirt /S(r)t/ n. 衬衫 p.19
adj. 平方；正方形的
shocked /Skt/, /SAkt/
adj. 惊愕的；受震惊的 p.38
n. 正方形；广场 p.49
shoot /Sut/ v. (shot /St/, /SAt/) stepmother /stepm(r)/ n. 继母 p.46
射击；发射 p.41
stepsister /stepsst(r)/ n. 继姐（妹） p.44
sick /sk/ adj. 生病的；有病的 p.5 stick /stk/ n. 棍；条 p.43
sign /san/ n. 标志；信号 p.10 stomach /stmk/ n. 胃；腹部 p.1
silence /salns/ n. 沉默；缄默； stomachache /stmkek/
无声 p.38 n. 胃痛；腹痛 p.1
133Vocabulary Index
stone /stUn/ n. 石头 p.41 the Pacific /psfk/ Ocean 太平洋 p.52
storm /stO(r)m/ n. 暴风雨 p.35 theme /im/ n.主题 p.68
strange /strend/ adj. 奇特的； thick /k/ adj. 厚的；浓的 p.51
奇怪的 p.34 thousand /aUznd/ num. 一千 p.70
stress /stres/ n. 精神压力；心理负担 p.22 thousands of
strong /strN/, /strON/ 数以千计的；许许多多的 p.70
adj. 强烈的；强壮的 p.11 throat /rUt/ n. 咽喉；喉咙 p.1
stupid /stjupd/, /stupd/ throw /rU/ v. (threw /ru/)
adj. 愚蠢的 p.45
扔；掷 p.19
succeed /sksid/ v. 实现目标；成功 p.51
title /tatl/ n. 名称；标题；题目 p.59
success /skses/ n.成功 p.62
to be honest 说实在的 p.75
suddenly /sdnli/ adv. 突然；忽然 p.34
to one’s surprise 使……惊讶的是；
sunburned /snb(r)nd/ adj. 晒伤的 p.6
出乎……的意料 p.3
sweep /swip/ v. (swept /swept/)
toilet /tOlt/ n.坐便器；厕所 p.67
扫；打扫 p.17
tool /tul/ n.工具 p.20
sweet /swit/ adj. 甜蜜的；甜的；
toothache /tuek/ n. 牙痛 p.2
含糖的 p.73
tour /tU/, /tUr/ n. & v. 旅行；旅游 p.50
tourist /tUrst/, /tUrst/
T
n.旅行者；观光者 p.50
tail /tel/ n. 尾巴 p.43
towards /twOdz/, /tOrdz/
take after（ 外貌或行为）像 p.13
prep. 朝；向；对着 p.36
take breaks (take a break) 休息 p.2
tower /taU(r)/ n. 塔；塔楼 p.38
take care of 照顾；处理 p.22
toy /tO/ n. 玩具 p.74
take down 拆除；往下拽；记录 p.38
train /tren/ v. 训练；培训 p.14
take in 吸入 p.51
training /trenN/ n. 训练；培训 p.14
take one’s temperature 量体温 p.2
treasure /tre(r)/ n.珠宝；财富 p.57
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 p.17
trouble /trbl/ n. 问题；苦恼 p.3
take risks (take a risk) 冒险 p.6
truth /tru/ n. 实情；事实 p.39
tea art 茶艺 p.67
truthful /trufl/
tea set 茶具 p.67
technology /teknldi/,
adj. 诚实的；真实的 p.75
/teknAldi/ n.科技；工艺 p.60 try out 参加……选拔；试用 p.11
terrorist /terrst/ turn ... into 变成 p.43
n. 恐怖主义者；恐怖分子 p.38 typical /tpkl/ adj. 典型的 p.30
134Vocabulary Index
U What’s the matter? 怎么了？
unbelievable /nblivbl/ 出什么事了？ p.1
adj. 难以置信的；不真实的 p.67 What’s wrong? 哪儿不舒服？ p.25
understand /nd(r)stnd/ whatever /wtev/, /wAtevr/
v. (understood /nd(r)stUd/) pron. 任何；每一 p.27
理解；领会 p.14 wheel /wil/ n. 车轮；轮子 p.13
underwear /ndwe/, /ndrwer/ whenever /wenev(r)/
n. 内衣 p.45 conj.在任何……的时候；无论何时 p.70
unfair /nfe/, /nfer/ whether /we(r)/ conj. 不管……
adj. 不合理的；不公正的 p.24 （还是）；或者……（或者）；
unusual /njuul/ 是否 p.70
adj. 特别的；不寻常的 p.67 while /wal/ conj. 与……同时；
up to 到达（某数量、程度等）； 当……的时候；而；然而 p.20
至多有；不多于 p.53 while /wal/ n. 一段时间；一会儿 p.75
used to 曾经……；过去…… p.10 whole /hUl/ adj. 全部的；整体的 p.46
usual /juul/ adj. 通常的；寻常的 p.31 wide /wad/ adj. 宽的；宽阔的 p.50
wife /waf/ n. 妻子；太太 p.46
V wild /wald/ adj. 野生的 p.54
voice /vOs/ n. 声音 p.47 wind /wnd/ n. 风 p.35
volunteer /vlnt/, /vAlntr/ window /wndU/ n. 窗；窗户 p.35
v. 义务做；自愿做 n. 志愿者 p.9 wood /wUd/ n. 木；木头 p.35
work out 成功地发展；解决 p.26
W wrong /rN/, /rON/
walk into 走路时撞着 p.54 adj. 有毛病；错误的 p.25
wall /wOl/ n.墙 p.50
waste /west/ n. 浪费；垃圾 X
v. 浪费；滥用 p.22 X-ray /eks re/ n. X射线; X光 p.2
weak /wik/ adj. 虚弱的；无力的 p.42
weigh /we/ v.重量是……； Y
称……的重量 p.53 yard /jA(r)d/ n. 院子 p.73
Western /west(r)n/ yard sale 庭院拍卖会 p.73
adj. 西方国家的；（尤指）欧美的；
西方的（w可以小写） p.43
whale /wel/ n.鲸 p.55
135Irregular Verbs
Irregular Verbs
Verb Past tense Past participle Verb Past tense Past participle
be (am, feel felt felt
was, were been
is, are) fight fought fought
bear bore born/borne find found found
beat beat beaten fly flew flown
become became become forget forgot forgotten
begin began begun get got got/gotten
blow blew blown give gave given
break broke broken go went gone
bring brought brought grow grew grown
build built built hang
hung hung
(悬挂)
burnt/
burn burnt/burned
burned
have
had had
(has)
buy bought bought
catch caught caught hear heard heard
choose chose chosen hide hid hidden
come came come hit hit hit
cost cost cost hold held held
cut cut cut hurt hurt hurt
dig dug dug keep kept kept
do (does) did done know knew known
draw drew drawn lay laid laid
lead led led
dreamt/
dream dreamt/dreamed
dreamed learnt/
learn learnt/learned
learned
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven leave left left
eat ate eaten lend lent lent
fall fell fallen let let let
feed fed fed lie (躺) lay lain
136
Page PBIrregular Verbs
Verb Past tense Past participle Verb Past tense Past participle
light lit/lighted lit/lighted sleep slept slept
lose lost lost smelt/
smell smelt/smelled
make made made smelled
mean meant meant speak spoke spoken
meet met met sped/
speed sped/speeded
mistake mistook mistaken speeded
pay paid paid spelt/
spell spelt/spelled
put put put spelled
read spend spent spent
read /red/ read /red/
/rid/ spread spread spread
ride rode ridden stand stood stood
ring rang rung steal stole stolen
rise rose risen stick stuck stuck
run ran run swim swam swum
say said said take took taken
see saw seen teach taught taught
sell sold sold tell told told
send sent sent think thought thought
set set set throw threw thrown
shake shook shaken under-
understood understood
shine shone shone stand
show showed shown wake woke woken
shut shut shut wear wore worn
sing sang sung win won won
sit sat sat write wrote written
137
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