[第18讲]lesson38-c32724d4f685_学而思刘飞飞新概念一二三册_刘飞飞新概念三_新概念英语第三册L21-L40（主讲刘飞飞）_[第18讲]lesson38

Lesson 38 The first calendar
•
Future historians will be in a unique position when they come to 
Lesson 38 The first calendar
q
p
y
record the history of our own times.
•
They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of 
evidence that steadily accumulates.
•
What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written word.
•
Films, CDs, and CD rooms are some of the bewildering amount of 
information they will have
mass:团; 块; 堆
a mass of =大量的
•
They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of 
evidence that steadily accumulates.
•
What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written word.
•
Films, CDs, and CD rooms are some of the bewildering amount of 
information they will have
t
d
steady
•
匀速的；稳定的; 
•
a steady wind
•
匀速
•
a steady speed
•
稳定增长
•
取得稳定的进步
•
make steady progress
•
They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of 
id
th t t
dil
l t
evidence that steadily accumulates.
•
What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written word.
Fil
CD
d CD
f th b
ild
i
t f
•
Films, CDs, and CD rooms are some of the bewildering amount of 
information they will have
•
I bought it solely for that purpose.
1
bewilder
•
bewilder (vt)使…迷惑，迷茫
bewilder (vt)使…迷惑，迷茫
•
你把我搞糊涂了。
•
You bewildered me
You bewildered me. 
•
大城市的交通使我晕头转向。
•
Big city traffic bewilders me
•
Big city traffic bewilders me.
•
这个游戏把握弄得晕头转向
•
bewildered
•
bewildered
•
very confused, and often having a surprised expression on your 
face because you do not know why something is happening or
face, because you do not know why something is happening, or 
because things are happening very quickly
•
"What's happening?" asked the bewildered young man, as he
What s happening? asked the bewildered young man, as he 
opened the door to four policemen. 
•
be bewildered by
be bew de ed by
•
My grandmother was bewildered by the sudden change from 
poverty to wealth.
p
y
•
这个游戏把握弄得晕头转向
•
They will hardly know which facts to select from the great mass of 
evidence that steadily accumulates.
evidence that steadily accumulates.
•
What is more they will not have to rely solely on the written word.
•
Films CDs and CD rooms are some of the bewildering amount of
Films, CDs, and CD rooms are some of the bewildering amount of 
information they will have
•
They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action.
ey w
be b e, s
we e, o see
d
e
us
c o .
•
But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always 
faced with a difficult task.
•
He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available.
•
Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on 
g y
g
g g
the history of early man.
as it were
•
就跟…一样；
•
仿佛如同, 就好像（多用于比喻句）
•
He felt himself, as it were, casting pearls before swine. 
•
He is my best friend, my second self, as it were. 
•
我就好像被雷击中了似的
•
I was struck by the thunder
•
They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action.
•
But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always 
faced with a difficult task.
•
He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available.
•
Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on 
the history of early man.
2
deduce
•
演绎; 推理:
•
If a = b and b = c, we can deduce that a = c. 
•
设a = b, b = c, 可以推断a = c. * 
•
~deduce sth from sth
•
Detectives deduced from the clues who had committed the crime. 
•
The policeman was able to deduce the probable time of death from
the temperature of the body
我推断他的儿子至少40岁
•
They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action.
They will be able, as it were, to see and hear us in action.
•
But the historian attempting to reconstruct the distant past is always 
faced with a difficult task.
•
He has to deduce what he can from the few scanty clues available.
•
Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on
Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on 
the history of early man.
•
缺乏的，不足的
的，
的
•
There is only scanty evidence.
•
信息很匮乏
信息很匮乏
shed
shed
•
（vt)使脱落﹑蜕皮
（vt)使脱落﹑蜕皮
•
Trees shed their leaves and flowers shed their petals. 
•
Some kinds of deer shed their horns. 鹿角.
Some kinds of deer shed their horns. 鹿角. 
•
The snake sheds its skin regularly. 蛇到时候会蜕皮
cast/shed/throw light on sth 
•
使…清楚，搞清楚，弄清楚
•
Recent research has shed light on the causes of the disease.
•
Investigators hope to shed light on what started the fire.
•
我希望弄清楚他为什么离开我
•
Even seemingly insignificant remains can shed interesting light on 
the history of early man.
•
Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being 
p
,
g
with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real 
need to understand something about the seasons.
•
Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is 
incorrect.
3
advent=
•
the ~ of sth/sb （重要人物﹑事件等的）来临, 到来:
（
事件
来
,
来
•
With the advent of the new chairman, the company began to prosper. (
兴旺）
•
随着电脑的到来
•
在新技术到来之前
•
自从智能手机问世以来
•
Up to now, historians have assumed that calendars came into being 
with the advent of agriculture, for then man was faced with a real 
g
,
need to understand something about the seasons.
•
Recent scientific evidence seems to indicate that this assumption is 
p
incorrect.
•
research + show/demonstrate/reveal/suggest/illustrate/indicate
•
Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which
Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which 
have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusk of 
mammoths.
•
The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing 
during the last Ice Age, which began about 35,000 B.C.and ended 
about 10,000 B.C.
•
By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, 
hi
i
h
b
bl
d hi diffi
l
d
historians have been able to read this difficult code.
•
They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and 
th
h
f th
the phases of the moon.
•
雕刻:  
•
His initials were engraved on the cigarette case 他姓名的首字母刻在
•
His initials were engraved on the cigarette case. 他姓名的首字母刻在
香烟盒上. * 
•
在石头上刻上我的座右铭
在石头上刻上我的座右铭
•
Engrave my motto on the stone
•
Engrave the stone with my motto
•
Engrave the stone with my motto
•
Memories of that terrible day are forever engraved on my mind. 
•
我永远不会忘记这次经历
•
我永远不会忘记这次经历
•
Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which
Historians have long been puzzled by dots, lines and symbols which 
have been engraved on walls, bones, and the ivory tusk of 
mammoths.
•
The nomads who made these markings lived by hunting and fishing 
during the last Ice Age, which began about 35,000 B.C.and ended 
about 10,000 B.C.
•
By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, 
hi
i
h
b
bl
d hi diffi
l
d
historians have been able to read this difficult code.
•
They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and 
th
h
f th
the phases of the moon.
4
•
Relate A to B
•
Connect A with B
•
The report relates high wages to/with labour shortages. 
•
人们把吸烟与癌症联系到一起
•
我把我的爱好和事业联系（career)到一起
•
By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, 
hi t
i
h
b
bl t
d thi diffi
lt
d
historians have been able to read this difficult code.
•
They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and 
the phases of the moon
the phases of the moon.
passage
•
1)（书﹑讲话﹑音乐等的）一段, 一节: 
•
a passage from the Bible
p
g
•
2)通路; 通道:
•
My office is just along the passage.
y
j
g
p
g
•
force a passage through the crowd 在人群中挤出一条通路. 
•
3)(时间)经过:
3)(时间)经过: 
•
the passage of time 时间的推移. 
•
With the passage of time, things began to look more hopeful.
With the passage of time, things began to look more hopeful.
•
By correlating markings made in various parts of the world, 
historians have been able to read this difficult code.
historians have been able to read this difficult code.
•
They have found that it is connected with the passage of days and 
the phases of the moon.
p
phase
p ase
•
[C] 阶段; 时期:
•
历史的一个阶段
历史的
个阶段
•
a phase of history 
•
a critical phase of an illness
•
a critical phase of an illness
•
事业上最得意的时期
•
the most exciting phase of one's career
•
the most exciting phase of one's career 
•
The child is going through a difficult phase
the phase of the moon
•
月相
月相
5
i
i
f
i
i i
f
•
It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar.
•
It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls 
t i
l
f
f
ti ti
i
were not simply a form of artistic expression.
•
They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man 
could get to writing
could get to writing.
•
It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings 
and the markings that sometimes accompany them
and the markings that sometimes accompany them.
•
It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the 
seasons 20 000 years earlier than has been supposed
seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.
primitive
primitive weapons
•
A primitive tribe
A primitive tribe
•
It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar.
,
,
p
yp
•
It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls 
were not simply a form of artistic expression.
•
They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man 
could get to writing.
•
It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings 
and the markings that sometimes accompany them.
•
It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the 
seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.
6
depict=
depict=
•
Dublin today is still very similar to the place which James Joyce
Dublin today is still very similar to the place which James Joyce 
depicted in his novel 'Ulysses'.
•
to describe someone or something, especially in writing
g,
p
y
g
•
His stories depict life in primitive tribes
•
In this new biography she is depicted as a lonely and unhappy
In this new biography she is depicted as a lonely and unhappy 
woman.
i
i
f
i
i i
f
•
It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar.
•
It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls 
t i
l
f
f
ti ti
i
were not simply a form of artistic expression.
•
They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man 
could get to writing
could get to writing.
•
It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings 
and the markings that sometimes accompany them
and the markings that sometimes accompany them.
•
It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the 
seasons 20 000 years earlier than has been supposed
seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.
definite
•
明确的决定(decision)
明确的决定(decision) 
•
意见(opinion)
•
结果(result)
结果(result)
•
我明天没有确切的计划. 
•
I have no definite plans for tomorrow
•
I have no definite plans for tomorrow
i
i
f
i
i i
f
•
It is, in fact, a primitive type of calendar.
•
It has long been known that the hunting scenes depicted on walls 
t i
l
f
f
ti ti
i
were not simply a form of artistic expression.
•
They had a definite meaning, for they were as near as early man 
could get to writing
could get to writing.
•
It is possible that there is a definite relation between these paintings 
and the markings that sometimes accompany them
and the markings that sometimes accompany them.
•
It seems that man was making a real effort to understand the 
seasons 20 000 years earlier than has been supposed
seasons 20,000 years earlier than has been supposed.
7