lesson53
Section 1:
•
The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for
their enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system
g
p
y
for protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent
public officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted
in other countries.
evolve
1)(biology 生) （指植物﹑动物等）进化:
Humans evolved from apes.
Theory of evolution
y
2)逐渐形成:
He has evolved a new theory after many years of research.
y
y y
The school has evolved its own style of teaching.
The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their
enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for
protecting the individual citizen from high handed or incompetent public
protecting the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public
officers. The system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other
countries.
countries.
•
High-handed (a)
•
专横跋扈的
•
He wants to be seen as less bossy and high-handed.
•
他不想显得太专横霸道。
•
专横的地方政府
•
High-handed local government
g
g
The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their
enlightened social policies Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting
enlightened social policies. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting
the individual citizen from high-handed or incompetent public officers. The
system has worked so well, that it has been adopted in other countries.
y
,
p
Be competent to do
他有能力照顾好这个孩子
他有能力照顾好这个孩子
他有本事管理好这个班级
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants,
Section 2:
police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act
over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809,
the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the
the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the
individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties
appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances
appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances
against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the
Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'.
1
Zealous (a)充满热情的，狂热的
Enthusiastic
A zealous teacher
一个狂热的支持者
A zealous supporter
be zealous in (doing) sth
(
g)
No one was more zealous than Neil in supporting the proposal.
act over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public.
act over zealously in the belief that they are serving the public.
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants,
police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act
over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809,
the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the
individual A parliamentary committee representing all political parties
individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties
appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances
against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the
g
p
,
Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'.
Safeguard (v) 保护，保卫
We have found a way of safeguarding our money.
a high fence that safeguards the house against intruders
The Swedes were the first to recognize that public officials like civil servants,
police officers health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act
police officers, health inspectors or tax-collectors can make mistakes or act
over-zealously in the belief that they are serving the public. As long ago as 1809,
the Swedish Parliament introduced a scheme to safeguard the interest of the
g
individual. A parliamentary committee representing all political parties
appoints a person who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances
against the State. The official title of the person is 'Justiteombudsman', but the
Swedes commonly refer to him as the 'J.O.' or 'Ombudsman'.
Be qualified to do sth
If you don't know this, you're not qualified to comment.
我们没有资格参加高考（the national test)
Be qualified for
You are qualified for this job
他有资格当班长
ll/
it bl /hi hl
lifi d
well/suitably/highly qualified
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person
A parliamentary committee representing all political parties appoints a person
who is suitably qualified to investigate private grievances against the State.
不满，苦衷，牢骚
表达不满
Express one’s grievance
Air (公开表示）one’s grievance
Air one’s views
2
The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints
large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must
be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1200 letters a year.
He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in
detail There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his
detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman s work, for his
correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified,
the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to
g
the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even
suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical
example of the Ombudsman's work.
Subject (a) 受支配的;
subject peoples 被统治的民族.
Be subject to sth/sb
We are subject to the law.
j
我们须遵守法律.
Peasants used to be subject to the landowner.
j
香港过去受英国支配
价格受需求支配
价格受需求支配
The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints
large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must
be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1200 letters a year.
He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in
detail There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his
detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman s work, for his
correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified,
the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to
g
the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even
suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical
example of the Ombudsman's work.
•
Correspondence (N)
•
[U] 通信; 信件:
•
She has a lot of correspondence to deal with. 她有大批信件需要处理.
•
commercial correspondence
p
•
be in correspondence with sb
•
He had been in correspondence with her for several years before
p
y
they finally met.
•
correspondence course
p
•
函授课程
3
The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints
large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must
be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1200 letters a year.
He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in
detail There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his
detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman s work, for his
correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified,
the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to
g
the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even
suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical
example of the Ombudsman's work.
on behalf of sb/on sb's behalf;
代表…（的利益）:
Ken is not present, so I shall accept the prize on his behalf.
The guardian （监护人）must act on behalf of the child.
g
If a citizen's complaint is justified, the Ombudsman will act on his behalf.
The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints
large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must
be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1200 letters a year.
He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in
detail There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his
detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman s work, for his
correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified,
the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to
g
the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even
suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical
example of the Ombudsman's work.
•
Reprimand sb for doing sth
•
斥责，谴责
•
The military court reprimanded him for failing to do his duty.
•
scold sb for doing sth
•
Don't scold him for doing badly at school, he's doing his best
g
y
,
g
4
The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints
large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must
b
d i
i i
h O
b d
i
f 1200 l
be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1200 letters a year.
He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in
detail There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his
detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman s work, for his
correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified,
the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to
g
the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even
suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical
example of the Ombudsman's work.
H
f
h d 't h
d
h
th
Her face hadn't changed much over the years.
The city centre has changed beyond recognition
Nothing can change the fact that the refugees are our responsibility.
The Ombudsman is not subject to political pressure. He investigates complaints
large and small that come to him from all levels of society. As complaints must
be made in writing, the Ombudsman receives an average of 1200 letters a year.
He has eight lawyer assistants to help him and he examines every single letter in
detail There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman's work for his
detail. There is nothing secretive about the Ombudsman s work, for his
correspondence is open to public inspection. If a citizen's complaint is justified,
the Ombudsman will act on his behalf. The action he takes varies according to
g
the nature of the complaint. He may gently reprimand an official or even
suggest to parliament that a law be altered. The following case is a typical
example of the Ombudsman's work.
A foreigner living in a Swedish village wrote to the Ombudsman complaining that he
h d b
ill
d b
h
li
i
l b
h
f
i
Th O b d
Section 3
had been ill-treated by the police, simply because he was a foreigner. The Ombudsman
immediately wrote to the Chief of Police in the district asking him to send a record of
the case There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner's complaint was
the case. There was nothing in the record to show that the foreigner s complaint was
justified and the Chief of Police denied the accusation. It was impossible for the
Ombudsman to take action, but when he received a similar complaint from another
,
p
foreigner in the same village, he immediately sent one of his lawyers to investigate the
matter. The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with
foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced against
foreigners could not be recorded in he official files. It was only possible for the
Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts
Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to check the facts.
The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that if any
further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The
further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted. The
Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant practice which might
have gone unnoticed.
•
ascertain / æsə teɪn/ v (fml 文) 查明; 弄清; 确定:
•
查明事实真相
•
ascertain the true facts
•
ascertain that the report is accurate
p
•
ascertain who is likely to come to the meeting
•
The police are trying to ascertain what really happened.
p
y
g
y
pp
5
The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with
foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced
against foreigners could not be recorded in he official files. It was only possible
for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to
check the facts The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was
check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was
informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be
prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an
p
p
p
p
unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
•
Prejudice
•
prejudice against
•
a cultural prejudice against fat people
•
Prejudiced+against
j
g
•
Of course he's suitable for the job, you're just prejudiced because
he's black
•
My father's so prejudiced, he'd disown me if he knew I was gay |
•
这里的人对外地人有成见
The lawyer ascertained that a policeman had indeed dealt roughly with
foreigners on several occasions. The fact that the policeman was prejudiced
against foreigners could not be recorded in he official files. It was only possible
for the Ombudsman to find this out by sending one of his representatives to
check the facts The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was
check the facts. The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was
informed that if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be
prosecuted. The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an
p
p
p
p
unpleasant practice which might have gone unnoticed.
t ( t)起诉
检举
•
prosecute (vt)起诉，检举
•
Prosecute sb for
•
He was prosecuted for exceeding the speed limit.
•
他因抢劫被起诉
•
The policeman in question was severely reprimanded and was informed that
if any further complaints were lodged against him, he would be prosecuted.
The Ombudsman's prompt action at once put an end to an unpleasant
practice which might have gone unnoticed.
P
t b t d
•
Prompt sb to do
•
Be prompt in doing sth/to do sth 动作迅速的,立即的
•
She was very prompt in answering my letter.
•
They were prompt to respond to our call for help.
•
Prompt action must be taken.
•
Prompt payment is requested.
•
a prompt response
6
