11. 【阅读理解和七选五变式练】
2025 届山东省菏泽市高考一模英语试题（解析版）
变式练：文本不变，重设试题
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50 分)
第一节(共15 小题;每小题2.5 分，满分37.5 分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Earning an MBA is a lifelong investment that can send your career — and salary — to new heights. Through
our flagship Fortune Recommends ranking, we hope to help the next generation of leaders discover the best MBA
program for their future.
University of Chicago
Its MBA program has on average about 50 students per course, and candidates tend to have over five years of
work experience. The application process requires submission of GMAT and/or GRE scores as well as two letters
of recommendation. International students can submit proof of English proficiency. The round three deadline is
April 3, and there is a $250 application fee.
Columbia University
It requires applicants to self-report a valid GMAT, GMAT Focus Edition, or GRE score when applying.
English proficiency exams are not required for international students. On average, there are around 68 students per
core course. Multiple enrollment deadlines are available for the fall semester, and the application fee is $250.
Stanford University
Applicants must submit results from either the GMAT or GRE exam as well as two letters of recommendation.
International students must supply proof of English proficiency via TOEFL, PTE, or IELTS. The final deadline to
apply is April 8, and the application fee is $275.
University of Michigan
There are about 75 students in each MBA core class, and students have close to six years of work experience.
One letter of recommendation is needed to apply, and international students must provide proof of English
proficiency. The final deadline to apply is March 4, and the application fee is $250.
21. What is the main purpose of the Fortune Recommends ranking?
A. To introduce different MBA programs’ tuition fees.
B. To help students find the most suitable MBA program for their future.
C. To show the work experience requirements of various MBA programs.
D. To compare the application deadlines of different universities’ MBA programs.
22. If an international student wants to apply for an MBA at Columbia University, what is NOT required?
A. A valid GMAT, GMAT Focus Edition, or GRE score.
B. Proof of English proficiency.
C. An application fee of $250.
D. Meeting one of the multiple enrollment deadlines for the fall semester.
23. Which university has the latest application deadline among the four?
A. University of Chicago.
B. Columbia University.
C. Stanford University.
D. University of Michigan.
B
Ben was eleven years old when he spotted his neighbour, Julie, working in her garden. He popped his head
over the fence, and said to her, “I’ve seen you’re very good with a lawn mower (割草机) and gardening tools. The
hedge (树篱) over the pathway near here has become so overgrown that I am planning to cut it back myself. Would
you like to help out?”
Julie loved the idea of helping Ben and their community. They agreed to cut the hedge the following Sunday.
Ben’s brother Josh, aged 8 at the time, also came along to help. All three of them tackled away at it until they
reduced it.
They posted photos of their handiwork on “Our Malmesbury”, their local Facebook Group. The community
reaction was amazing. The comments and reactions just kept on coming. The whole town of Malmesbury seemed
to embrace their team spirit and felt inspired to follow their lead. Manypeople raised their hands to volunteer and
do more to keep their town tidy. With many willing hands, their town has transformed. Before, the town looked a
bit run down, but now, the place looks cleaner and tidier.
To keep the projects going, Ben created a Facebook page and website to support their projects. Their Facebook
Page “Helping The Community Of Malmesbury” currently sits at 669 members and is a place for all the locals to
share what litter picking and cleaning up they have been up to. Ben also managed to sort funding through local
businesses and associations. The funding has helped them obtain trees, plants, tools, and gardening equipment.
When community members plan a clean-up, they can contact them via the website to access any tools and
equipment they need to complete a project.
Ben is so pleased that 6 years later, the clean up campaign is still in full-swing. He has just been so
overwhelmed with the support over the years that he cannot thank the community enough. Their mission will not
stop.
24. Why did Ben invite Julie to help?
A. Because he needed someone to take photos of their work.
B. Because he thought Julie was good at using gardening tools.
C. Because he wanted to start a community project with her.
D. Because he was too young to cut the hedge alone.
25. What was the result of Ben, Julie and Josh’s action?
A. They received many donations from local businesses.
B. They became famous in the whole country.
C. They inspired the whole town to clean up and transform the town.
D. They were awarded by the local government.
26. What does Ben do to keep the clean - up projects going?
A. He asks community members to raise funds together.
B. He collects old tools and equipment from the locals.
C. He creates an online platform and sorts out funding.
D. He organizes regular meetings for volunteers.
27. What can we conclude from the story?
A. Small actions can make a big difference.
B. It’s important to have a good plan before starting work.
C. Children should be encouraged to help others.
D. Teamwork is more important than individual effort.
C
Disastrous floods are becoming more and more common around the world. The warming climate is leading to
heavier rainfall, but as cities expand, and more and more land is under concrete or paving, less water is absorbed
and more needs to be channelled away by storm drains and sewerage ( 雨污排水) systems. As they become
overwhelmed by the volume of water, the risk of flash flooding increases. Could the way that cities are growing be
making things worse? Could we design cities in a different way to reduce the risk of flooding?
Chinese landscape architect Yu Kongjian certainly thinks so. Early in 2013, he proposed the concept of
“sponge (海绵) cities”, which are designed to soak up water-like a sponge - reducing the risk of sudden floods.
Natural solutions are encouraged, using riverside parks and ponds to absorb floodwater. Approaches inspired by
this have been taken by cities across the world. Auckland, in New Zealand, was named the spongiest city in one
study. It has replaced the concrete culverts (涵洞) around the Oakley stream with green banks and connected parks.
This has reduced flooding in the nearby residential areas as well as the amount of associated pollutants which used
to be washed into the sea.
Auckland has taken a natural approach, but a much more high-tech method can be seen in Amsterdam. The
Dutch city has installed blue-green roofs on a number of buildings. These roofs have a layer of plants on the
outside, and then layers beneath which collect and store rainwater. This water can be used by people to water plants
or wash toilets. Advanced software can even tell the roofs to release water ahead of upcoming storms to maximize
the system’s ability to absorb rainwater.
Yu Kongjian describes the sponge city approach as using Tai Chi with nature instead of boxing. Questions
have been raised as to whether a natural approach is sufficient when faced with increased rain fall globally. What
remains to be seen is whether increased scale and combination with modern technology can help natural methods
save many more people from flooding.
28. What contributes to the increased risk of city flooding?
A. The decrease in the number of storm drains.
B. The poor management of sewerage systems.
C. The growth of city population.
D. The expansion of cities and the covering of land with concrete.
29. What is the main function of “sponge cities”?
A. To increase the amount of rainfall.
B. To reduce the construction of buildings.
C. To absorb water and reduce flood risks.
D. To improve the quality of river water.
30. What can we know about the “sponge city” approach in Amsterdam?
A. It only uses natural methods like riverside parks.
B. It relies on high - tech methods such as blue - green roofs.
C. It can’t deal with large - scale floods.
D. It has no effect on reducing pollutants.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards the “sponge city” concept?
A. Doubtful.
B. Positive.
C. Objective.
D. Negative.
D
The data showed that higher levels of photo editing were associated with increased self-perception as an object
and more comparisons of physical appearance among young adults. These factors, in turn, were related to lower
self-esteem.
The researchers suggested that photo editing behavior may contribute to feelings of self-perception as an
object and basing one’s worth on appearance, especially among sensitive groups like young adults. They
emphasized the need for further research to explore the impact of photo editing on mental health outcomes and
understand why people engage in this behavior.
The study had some limitations, as acknowledged by Ozimek and his colleagues. Firstly, the data was
collected through self-report measures, which may be biased ( 偏见). Secondly, the study design was cross-
sectional, which means causality (因果) cannot be determined. Lastly, the sample size was relatively small and not
representative of the entire population of young adults who use social media.
This study highlights the importance of considering overall social media use and specific behaviors like photo
editing when studying the relationship between social media and mental health outcomes. Interventions aimed at
reducing excessive (过度的) social media use or promoting healthier engagement with social media could have
positive effects on the mental well-being of young people.
“Reality is harder to understand as it appears on the surface,” the researchers wrote. “The description of reality
is a constructive attempt which is up to hidden issues of the editors. The description of reality is usually not a
documentary but part of a narrative which the photo editor intends to project on the public screen.” “By
understanding the underlying narrative, the contrast between natural appearance and edited photo of it is getting
obvious. Because photo editing is likely to be popular in the future, the focus of psycho-education as part of a
psychological intervention technique should be a sensibilization for the widespread use of corresponding
techniques.”
32. What is the finding of the study?
A. Young adults always base their worth on appearance.
B. Photo editing behavior has no impact on mental health.
C. Higher levels of photo editing are related to lower self - esteem in young adults.
D. Sensitive groups like young adults are more likely to edit photos.
33. What are the limitations of the study?
The data collection method may be inaccurate.
①
The study design can’t determine causality.
②
The sample size is too large to analyze.
③
The sample is not representative of all young social media users.
④
A. ①②③
B. ①②④
C. ①③④
D. ②③④
34. What does the text suggest to improve young people’s mental well - being?
A. Encouraging them to edit photos more creatively.
B. Reducing their overall social media use.
C. Making them focus on their studies instead of social media.
D. Teaching them how to edit photos properly.
35. Where does this text probably come from?
A. A science magazine.
B. A travel guide.
C. A fashion magazine.
D. A sports newspaper.
第二节(共5 小题;每小题2.5 分，满分12.5 分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Xena Biffert, a district science consultant, started to do a lot of backward planning when taking students
outside to meet curricular ( 课程的) outcomes. This approach allows curriculum connection and encourages
students’ focus and interest to lead the way. Here are four tips for practicing backward planning with your students.
___36___
Know your curriculum.
Many topics arise organically, and you can cover them through mini-lessons along the way. One way to
deepen that knowledge is to print it out and make a habit of reviewing it daily. ___37___ First, you develop a
familiarity with it. Second, you can see where you can make that connection naturally where the students’ interests
meet.
Begin the year with a learning plan and a mind map.
Having guiding questions has helped Xena form and follow a plan for the year. ___38___ For example, “How
are we all interconnected?” and “What is our story?” She can assess outcomes using this plan throughout the school
year.
Get students outside regularly.
___39___. This culture creates an opportunity to form and answer questions about what happens outdoors and
how it connects to other topics. As the emergent learning arises and there is daily reflection on it, knowledge and
understanding emerge. Through this intentional work and reflection, teachers will be well equipped to answer
questions in the process.
___40___
It is important for students to reflect on their observations. We often don’t get time to reflect in our fast-paced
classrooms. Often, reflection is combined with assessment. An easy starting point is journaling, because it is a
thought process accessible to students in every grade.
A. It’s essential to let students think independently.
B. This helps in creating a more student - centered learning environment.
C. These tips can help you make the most of outdoor learning experiences.
D. By doing so, you can better meet the diverse needs of your students.
E. Xena usually starts by asking some broad and thought - provoking questions.
F. Outdoor learning provides a unique chance for students to explore the world.
G. Journaling is a great way for students to record and reflect on their learning.
