义务教育教科书
（五·四学制）
ENGLISH
英语
英语
英语
六年级
下册
上海教育出版社
上海教育出版社
英语
六年级
下册
义务教育教科书
（五·四学制）
主编 束定芳
上海教育出版社
上海教育出版社
致同学
亲爱的同学：
欢迎与我们一起继续初中阶段的英语学习！
本学期，你将继续和教材中的小伙伴们一起，在学习英语的同时，探索新世界、思考大问题
（Big Question），在真实情境中“讲（文化）小故事，悟（人生）大道理，学百科新知识，用英语做
事情”。我们将通过教材，帮助你运用科学有效的方法学习英语，发展英语语言能力，培育文化意
识，提升思维品质，提高学习能力。
本套教材的每个单元以主题为引领，从大问题入手，设有五个小话题，分别对应听力、口语、
阅读、写作和项目探究五大板块。每个话题下包含符合初中生学习、生活和成长特点的类型丰富
的语篇，设计层层推进的学习活动，帮助你获得丰富的学习体验，并在学习过程中了解自己的学
习成效，最终对单元大问题有更加全面、深入的认识和理解。
围绕不同的主题，教材通过鲜活真实的语言素材，为你提供地道的语言示范。本册教材中，
听力、口语板块的多模态文本图文结合，均以日常生活中常见的真实情境为范本设计 （如节目单、
展板、网页、海报等）；听力板块配有广播、播客、天气预报、歌曲等各类音频素材；在阅读板块，
你可以接触到寓言、故事、网络回帖、新闻、演讲、传记等丰富的语篇类型；教材中小伙伴们的日
常会话和他们的习作，也会为你提供口语和写作表达的范例。
在你学习教材的过程中，智能机器人“胡博士”（Dr Hu）将会继续陪伴你左右，帮助你掌握
语言知识、技能和学习策略。每单元最后的“项目探究”（Project）为你准备了更多的挑战任
务。你准备好迎接挑战了吗？
本册教材除了常规单元以外，还设有两个文化角（Culture corner）和一个文学角 （Literature
corner）。文化角不仅带你更深入地了解中国文化，学会用英语讲中国故事，还带你领略多样的世
界文化。文学角中，我们精选了广受青少年喜爱的优秀文学作品片段，供你赏析。
希望这套教材给你带来学习英语的新体验、新收获，为你插上一双逐梦的翅膀，飞向世界，飞
向未来！
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Unit
Viewing and listening
Speaking
1
Everyone is
different (p. 2)
BQ: What makes you
different?
Noticing differences (p. 4)
A class picture
A poem
Sound: Letters “f”, “ph” and “gh”
Finding differences (p. 6)
A student talent show
programme
A conversation: Offering
help for a student talent
show
Word study: Word group
2
Rules around us
(p. 16)
BQ: Why do we need
rules?
Signs and rules (p. 18)
Common signs
Underground announcements
Sound: Letters “ng” and “nk”
Rules in different places
(p. 20)
A display board: Lab rules
A conversation: Talking
about rules in the lab
Word study: Word partner
3
Festivals across
cultures (p. 30)
BQ: What do you
know about festivals
in different cultures?
Festival foods (p. 32)
A web page: Festival foods for good luck
A podcast: Food traditions for New Year’s
Eve
Sound: Letters “w” and “y”
Festival activities (p. 34)
An event programme: The
Edinburgh International
Festival
A conversation: Making an
invitation
Word study: Word partner
4
Weather and our
lives (p. 44)
BQ: How does
weather affect our
lives?
Weather reports (p. 46)
A weather app page
A weather report
Sound: Letters “th”
Word study: Word group
Seasonal activities (p. 48)
A display board: Seasonal
activities
A conversation: Talking
about seasonal activities
Contents
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Reading
Writing
Discovery
Project
Accepting differences
(p. 8)
A fable: The peacock
and the wise old tree
Grammar in use: The
future: will
Showing
differences (p. 12)
A self-introduction:
Introducing
oneself in a talent
show
What qualities do
they have? (p. 14)
Future me (p. 15)
Making a profile of
“Future me”
A rule story (p. 22)
A story: No rules today
Grammar in use: The
imperative
A notice for an
activity (p. 26)
A notice: Rules for
a school activity
Beach flags (p. 28)
A flyer of signs and
rules for public places
(p. 29)
Making a flyer of signs
and rules
Festival celebrations
(p. 36)
An online post: How
do you celebrate the
Mid-Autumn Festival?
Grammar in use: Past
simple
Festival
experiences (p. 40)
An online post: An
impressive festival
experience
Festival colours
(p. 42)
A festival poster (p. 43)
Making a poster
about a festival
Extreme weather
(p. 50)
A news article: UK
heatwave hits a new
high
Grammar in use:
Preparatory it
Weather and travel
(p. 54)
An email: Best
time to travel
Different ways to
predict weather
(p. 56)
Weather in life (p. 57)
Making a
presentation about
the effect of weather
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Unit
Viewing and listening
Speaking
5
Green
neighbourhood
(p. 58)
BQ: What
makes a green
neighbourhood?
A green song (p. 60)
A poster: Building a green
neighbourhood
A song: Building a green neighbourhood
Sound: Letters “ge”, “dge”, “ch” and “tch”
Word study: Word group
Green ideas (p. 62)
A comic: Showing green
activities
A conversation:
Suggestions for building a
green neighbourhood
6
Famous people in
history (p. 72)
BQ: What can you
learn from famous
people?
World changers (p. 74)
A web page: Five great scientists who
changed the world
An introduction: Thomas Edison
Life savers (p. 76)
Project display: Life savers
in history
A conversation: Talking
about famous Chinese life
savers
Sound: Letters “tr” and “dr”
Word study: Word partner
Notes (p. 97)
Sound file (p. 100)
Literature corner (p. 92)
A chapter to start with:
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (p. 92)
Grammar file
(p. 108)
Unit 1
Unit 2
Unit 3
The future: will (p. 108)
Demonstrative pronouns
(p. 109)
The imperative (p. 110)
The modal verb: must,
mustn’t (p. 111)
Past simple
(p. 112)
Words and expressions
in each unit (p. 119)
Words and expressions in
alphabetical order (p. 124)
Proper nouns and
glossary (p. 130)
Culture corner (p. 86)
Exploring China: Great people in history (p. 86)
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Reading
Writing
Discovery
Project
A green city (p. 64)
A speech: The garden
city
Grammar in use: Modal
verbs: can, may and
should
“One-step Greener”
experiences (p. 68)
A diary: My “One-
step Greener”
experience
Earth Day
celebrations (p. 70)
An ideal green
neighbourhood (p. 71)
Designing a green
neighbourhood
Great storytellers (p. 78)
A short biography:
William Shakespeare
Grammar in use: There +
be
Great minds (p. 82)
A story: A famous
person in history
Short stories of
famous people
(p. 84)
Stamps of famous
people (p. 85)
Designing stamps of
famous people
Word study support (p. 102)
My learning notes support (p. 106)
A scene to act out:
The Tempest (p. 94)
A poem to savour:
Night Thoughts (p. 96)
Unit 4
Unit 5
Unit 6
Preparatory it (p. 114)
Modal verbs: can, could, may,
should, must (p. 115)
There + be (p. 117)
Numbers (p. 132)
Months and days (p. 134)
Irregular verbs (p. 135)
Exploring the world: Antarctica (p. 89)
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Everyone
is different
1
What makes you different?
2
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1 Listen to a poem about
the ways people are
different.
2 Talk about my classmates’
strong points.
3 Read a fable about what
makes each animal unique.
4 Write a self-introduction to
show a unique self.
5 Make a profile of “Future
me”.
Look at the pictures and list at least three different points between
any two students.
Getting started
3
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4
Viewing and listening
Noticing differences
A
A1 Look and say Look at the picture. You may use the words or phrases from
the box to talk about the students.
Ms Chen is sharing with her class a picture of some visiting students from
Swan Lake Middle School, a partner school of New Star in Auckland.
• tall short big small thin slim fat
• curly/straight/short/long/dark/brown hair
• T-shirt trousers skirt jeans
They will come to our school next
week. What do they look like?
The girl in the blue skirt has
long brown hair.
She’s short and slim.
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5
Name
Special points
Picture number
Paul
small and
1 ________________
6 ________
Paula
taller than Paul with
2 ________________
7 ________
Kim
3 ________________; fair; long brown hair
8 ________
Mika
bigger;
4 ________________ than Kim;
5 ________________ hair
9 ________
Finn
taller than Mika
10 ________
Listening for key words
Read aloud.
Look at the photos on the phone.
Here are a few of my favourite ones:
Philip is fixing the music box;
Sophia is making paper cuts;
Fiona is drawing butterflies;
All of us are laughing and having fun.
A3 Listen and take notes Listen again and complete the table.
sizes and shapes
skin colours
clothes
hair colours
A2 Listen and think Ms Chen plays a poem about the coming students.
Listen to part of the poem and tick (3) the difference(s) between them.
Letters “f”, “ph” and “gh”
Sound
Listen to the rest of the poem. Write down the special points of Shirley, Claire and
Trevor.
Update my to-do list
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6
Speaking
Finding differences
B
New Star and Swan Lake will have a student talent show together. Paul
gives a list of shows. Lu Yao is preparing for the programme. Wang Yiming
offers to help her.
B1 Look and say Work in pairs and talk about the student talent show
programme.
B2 Listen, read and think Listen to the conversation between Yiming and Lu
Yao. What does Yiming suggest about the programme?
Yiming: Hi, Lu Yao! What are you doing?
Lu Yao:
I’m preparing for our talent show with Swan Lake Middle School!
Yiming: Wow! Sounds exciting! Is there anything I can do to help?
Lu Yao:
I need someone to help me prepare the programme. Will you do that?
Yiming: I’d like to. That is what I’m good at.
Lu Yao:
Wonderful! Any ideas about our programme?
Who will play the violin in the show?
Finn. He will play The Butterfly Lovers.
Stu
de
nt
Tal
en
t
Sho
w Pr
ogra
mm
e
6 March, School Hall
New Star
Swan Lake
…
Kim
Tree of Last Year (story)
…
Finn The Butterfly Lovers (violin)
…
Paul
Shooting in One Minute (basketball)
…
Paula We Are the World (song)
All Tomorrow Will Be Better (song)
Hosts: Lu Yao & Paul
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7
My learning notes
Offering help:
• What can I do for you?
• May I help you?
• ____________________________
B3 Role-play Yiming will talk with his classmates about the talent show.
They also want to offer help. Work out a conversation and act it out
with your partner.
Yiming: Well, how about a song by Li Bailing and drumming by Lin Dong
and Zhao Peng?
Lu Yao:
Great! Bailing has a beautiful voice. Lin Dong and Zhao Peng are good
drummers.
Yiming: Shall I ask other students about our programme?
Lu Yao:
Good idea!
To express feelings in a conversation, you can use adjectives (e.g.
exciting/excited, wonderful) and intonation. Each intonation carries
a different feeling, e.g. joy, anger or worry.
Word study Word group Describing a person
Looks
Hobbies
Personalities
Abilities
tall
singing
kind
running fast
short
dancing
helpful
speaking good English
fat
drawing
easy-going
playing the piano
thin
telling stories
careful
being good at ball games
...
...
...
...
Work in pairs. Talk about a class show or activity and offer help to your monitor.
Update my to-do list
Expressing feelings
TEEN skill
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Reading
C Accepting differences
8
Lu Yao is telling a fable in the talent show.
C1 Background knowledge Do you know any fables? What can we learn
from them?
C2 Read the fable.
The peacock and the wise old tree
In a forest live a peacock and a nightingale. They are good
friends. But one day the peacock looks sad and says to the wise
old tree, “Wise old tree, my friend the nightingale has a lovely
voice. She sings so well. Without any doubt, she will be a singer
in a few years. I have a loud voice. But when I sing, everyone will
laugh at me.”
The wise old tree smiles and says, “But you’re
beautiful. Your feathers are colourful.”
“What can I do in the future? Can I be a
singer?” the peacock worries.
The wise old tree pats him, “Not everyone will
be a singer. You can be a good dancer with
your beautiful feathers and dancing skills.
Different people are good at different things.
The elephant is strong. The monkey is clever.
The tiger jumps far. Everyone is unique.”
A fable is a short story that teaches a lesson. The characters in fables
are often animals. They speak and act like people.
5
10
15
Personal touch
Why do you think Lu Yao tells this fable?
Fables
Text type
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9
Feelings
Reasons
Sad
The peacock doesn’t have a
1 ________________ like the
nightingale.
Everyone will
2 ________________ when he sings.
3 __________
The peacock doesn’t know what he can do
4 ________________.
Understanding the moral
C3 General understanding Read the fable and choose the best answer to
the question.
What does the story try to tell us?
A The peacock is different from other animals.
B The peacock wants to be a singer in the future.
C Everyone is happy about their strong points.
D Everyone has some strong points.
C4 Detailed reading Read again and complete the table with the peacock’s
feelings and the reasons.
Grandmother: You look so happy today!
Peacock:
Do you know the
1 _______________? He thinks I’m
2 _______________.
Grandmother: Oh, you have
3 _______________.
Peacock:
I’ll be a dancer. My friend the nightingale can be a good
singer. She has a lovely
4 _______________.
Grandmother: Exactly! Everyone is different. We’re all
5 _______________.
C5 Further thinking Answer the questions.
1 What does the wise old tree say about the other animals? Why does he say so?
2 What might the peacock feel after hearing the words of the wise old tree?
3 What will the peacock probably say and do later?
Vocabulary focus Complete the conversation between the peacock
and his grandmother with the words and phrases from the text.
Think and share. What lesson can we learn from the fable?
Update my to-do list
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10
1 Read and think Read the following sentences. Underline the two different
ways of talking about the future in each example.
(1) Look! She gets another big prize for singing. She is going to be a singer in a
few years.
She has a lovely voice. Without any doubt, she will be a singer in a few years.
(2) Look at the dark clouds! It’s going to rain soon.
I think it will rain soon. We have to stop playing football.
(3) “What are you going to do tomorrow?” “I’m going to borrow some books from
the library.”
“Class is over. Will you go to the library?” “Yes, I will.”
(4) “The Peony Pavilion is a classic drama.” “Yes, I know and I’m going to watch it
this summer.”
“Will you watch The Peony Pavilion with me?” “Hmm ... No, thanks. I’ll go and
visit my grandma.”
2 Work out the rules Tick (3) the one(s) you agree with.
3 Practise Your friend will be in a talent show tomorrow, but he or she is very
nervous. Complete the sentences to cheer him or her up.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
I’ll forget my words!
People won’t like my
singing!
Everyone will laugh at me!
No, they won’t. Of course
____________________.
The dance will not be a success!
Yes, it will. _________________.
Yes, they will. I’m sure they
will like _________________.
No, you won’t. I’m sure ___
____________________.
you
won’t forget your words
Grammar in use The future: will
We usually use will to ...
predict or guess what will happen
state a decision already made
make a decision at the moment of speaking
Grammar file
p. 108
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Activity:
_________
who
host
...
where
at school
what
tomorrow
this weekend
next week/month/...
in ... days/weeks/...
What will we do on Friday afternoon?
We’ll have a class meeting.
Will Lu Yao host the meeting?
No, she won’t. Lin Dong will be the host.
members
out of school
topic
timetable
4 Discuss Work in pairs. Talk about another coming activity with the help
of the mind map.
...
...
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12
Writing
Showing differences
D
Chen Feifei is introducing herself to her new friends from Swan Lake Middle
School in the talent show.
D1 Think Read Feifei’s self-introduction. What makes her different from others?
D2 Prepare Underline the answers to the questions in Feifei’s self-introduction.
Hello, everyone! I’m Chen Feifei. “Fei” in Chinese means “fly”. I’m
a happy bird, flying here and there. I like dancing, music and
drawing. I’m good at drawing pictures for our noticeboards.
This is my drawing of your class. Do you like it? Would you like
to be my friend?
A self-introduction usually includes one’s name, hobbies and
abilities. We should make it clear and unique by describing our
special points.
D3 Plan Plan your writing by noting down key information in the mind map on
the next page.
Q1: How does she begin her self-introduction?
Q2: What does she like?
Q3: What is she good at?
Q4: How does she end her self-introduction?
Writing a self-introduction
TEEN skill
Grammar file
p. 109
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D4 Write Write your self-introduction.
D5 Check Check your self-introduction. Pay attention to its structure and
language.
Self-
introduction
Hello, everyone! ___________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
name
______________________
______________________
______________________
abilities
______________________
______________________
______________________
hobbies
______________________
______________________
______________________
...
______________________
______________________
______________________
Work in groups. Listen to each other’s self-introductions and note down everyone’s
special points. Then compare your notes.
Update my to-do list
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① favourable 有利的 ② geographic 地理的 ③ unity 统一 ④ warfare 战争 ⑤ shadow 阴影
⑥ composer 作曲家
Discovery
14
What qualities do they have?
Helen Keller
“Keep your face to the sunshine and you cannot see
the shadow ⑤.”
She was blind and deaf when she was 19 months
old. She started to learn words by touching things
and others’ lips. She became a famous writer and
speaker.
Ludwig van Beethoven
“There are and will be thousands of princes. There is
only one Beethoven!”
He wrote some of his most famous pieces after he
was completely deaf. He was one of the greatest
composers ⑥ of all time.
Sun Bin
“Favourable ① weather conditions, geographic ②
advantages and the unity ③ of the people all must be
in place. If not, victory will be costly.”
He could not walk after his knees got hurt, but
he wrote Sun Bin: The Art of War, one of the most
famous Chinese books about warfare ④.
Read and think What problem(s) did these famous people meet with in their
lives?
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① profile 简介
1
15
Project
Future me
E
Work in groups of four or five. Each member of the group makes a profile of
“Future me” with words and a picture, and puts it in a “time box”. About three
years later, all students will open the box and read their profiles.
Collect ideas Ask yourself questions and note down the answers.
Step 1
Write Put together the answers in Step 1 and write the first draft.
Share and revise Share your draft. Discuss the questions in Step 1
and revise your draft.
Draw Draw a picture of yourself for your profile, or ask someone in
your group to draw the picture.
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Seal the box Put your profile of “Future me” in the “time box” and seal
the box.
Step 5
I will be over 1.75 metres tall and the best player on
our school basketball team. I’ll go to a good school in
our city. I’ll read English books every day and be able
to speak English well. I will not spend much time on
computer games but will play ball games with my
friends.
What will I look like?
Which school will I go to?
...
What ability/abilities will I have?
What habit(s) will I form?
What weak point(s) will
I work on?
Questions
Work in groups. Help each other find ways to become future selves.
Update my to-do list
Making a profile
① of “Future me”
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2 Rules
around us
Why do we need rules?
16
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1 Listen to announcements
about rules.
2 Talk about rules in
different places.
3 Read a story about rules
at school.
4 Write a notice for an
activity.
5 Make a flyer about rules
for public places.
Getting started
Read the list. Tick (3) the things you must do. Cross (7) the things
you mustn’t do. Explain why.
Stop and wait at a red light.
Arrive at school on time.
Talk loudly in the city library.
Pick flowers or fruits in a city park.
17
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18
Viewing and listening
Signs and rules
A
Every day, we see signs everywhere. They are part of our lives.
Where else can you find
the sign “No leaning.”?
I can find it on the escalator
in the underground station.
Don’t turn right here.
Underground this way.
Turn left here.
No littering.
Mind the gap.
No leaning.
A1 Look and say Match the meanings on the right with the signs. Then work in
pairs and discuss where else you can find the signs.
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19
A2 Listen, view and circle Listen to the announcements and circle the
signs you hear.
Visualising
A3 Listen and take notes Listen again and complete the sentences.
Read aloud in pairs.
A: What’s the meaning of this sign?
B: It means we mustn’t eat food or drinks here.
A: What else should we follow in the library?
B: Keep quiet. Don’t keep books for too long.
A: Thank you for telling me all these things.
Announcements for passengers
On the escalator
1 ________________ your eyes only on your phone.
2 Please use the lift when you have ________________.
On the platform
3 Please wait at the ________________ line and mind the ________________.
4 Don’t rush when the underground train ________________.
On the train
5 Don’t ________________, ________________, smoke or litter on trains.
6 Please give your seat to anyone ________________.
Listen to an announcement, circle the signs in A2 and say where you might hear
it. Write down the rules.
Update my to-do list
Letters “ng” and “nk”
Sound
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20
Speaking
Rules in different
places
B
① open-toed 露趾的
Paul, an exchange student from Swan Lake Middle School, is looking at a
display board in the clubroom with Lu Yao.
B1 Look and say Work in pairs. Look at the display board and discuss the
questions below.
1 Which club are Paul and Lu Yao interested in?
A Photography. B Science. C Art.
2 What rules must students follow according to the display board?
Dos and don’ts
Always wear safety
gloves when
working in the lab.
Always throw
broken glass into
the broken glass
container.
Don’t wear open-toed ①
shoes in the lab.
Never leave rubbish
on the floor.
No food or drinks
in the lab.
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B3 Role-play Work with a partner. Make up a new conversation to talk about
the rules according to the display board.
B2 Listen, read and think Listen to the conversation between Paul and
Lu Yao. What rules does Lu Yao point out?
Paul:
Are you ready to go to the lab and do some experiments today?
Lu Yao: Yes. Look, I am wearing close-toed shoes.
Paul:
Great!
Lu Yao: Before we get started, look at the rules first to keep safe.
Paul:
What rules must we follow in the lab?
Lu Yao: We mustn’t eat or drink in the lab. We mustn’t leave rubbish on the
floor.
Paul:
What else must we do or not do?
Lu Yao: Always wear safety gloves when working.
Paul:
I see. Anything else?
Lu Yao: Look there, and you can find more rules.
Word study Word partner Linking verb (keep, stay, grow) + Adjective
Look at the expressions with “keep”, “stay” and “grow”. Try to give more examples.
You must keep quiet in the reading room.
Keep doing exercise, and you can stay healthy.
Take care of the trees to make them grow big and strong.
Work in pairs. Talk about rules in a public place like the library, the park or the road.
Update my to-do list
Grammar file
p. 111
My learning notes
Giving orders:
• Be quiet.
• Please follow rules.
• Never litter.
• _________________________
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Reading
A rule story
C
Ms White and her students are talking
about rules in class. Bob thinks, “I
don’t like rules. School will be a better
place without any rules.”
Next day, Bob comes to school.
Ms White smiles and says, “Today we
won’t have any rules in our school.”
“Hurrah!” Bob shouts happily.
The STEM class begins. It’s Bob’s turn to
show his model plane. He begins to talk,
but no one pays any attention to him. He
says loudly, “Keep quiet! I’m trying to tell
you something.” Jim replies, “No. It’s a day
without rules!!”
In the PE class, Bob wants to play tennis
and asks, “May I have a turn?” Emma says, “No. No rules today!”
At lunchtime, someone takes some of Bob’s food without asking. “It’s my
food,” Bob cries out, “What’s happening today? No one listens to me, no one
lets me play ... Can we have our rules back now?”
“Wake up, Bob. Are you having a dream? It’s time for school!” Bob hears
his mum’s voice.
Lin Dong is sharing a rule story with Lu Yao.
C1 Predicting Look at the picture and predict: Why does Bob look unhappy?
C2 Read the story.
C3 General understanding Read the story and tick (3) the best title.
Important rules
No rules today
Rules at school
5
10
15
20
Bob
Rules are very important.
What rules do we follow?
Take turns to do
things.
Listen to others
carefully in class.
Predicting
Personal touch
What can you learn from Lin Dong’s story?
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C4 Detailed reading Read the story again and complete the table below.
Time
What happens
Rules
In the STEM class
Bob’s classmates
1 ____________
______________________________.
_________________________
________________________.
In the PE class
Emma
2 ______________________
______________________________.
4 ________________________
________________________.
At lunchtime
Someone
3 ___________________
______________________________.
5 ________________________
________________________.
Keep quiet and listen to
others
C5 Further thinking Answer the questions.
1 Why does Bob have such a dream?
2 What other rules should we follow at school?
Vocabulary focus Help Lu Yao complete the story review with the
words and phrase from the text and the picture.
Name: Lu Yao
My opinion of the story:
I like this story. At first, Bob thinks school life will be fun
1 __________ rules.
Later, he has a dream ... On the day without rules, his classmates don’t listen
to him and don’t keep
2 __________. Emma doesn’t let Bob play the games in
3 __________. Someone takes Bob’s food without asking. It is all because there
are no rules today. In the end, Bob
4 __________. The story shows us that rules
are very
5 __________. They help us behave well, stay safe and be happy.
Rating the story: 9/10
Would you recommend this
story to others? (YES/NO)
3
Work in groups. Each group member chooses one role from C2. Act out the story.
Update my to-do list
Story review
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Grammar in use The imperative
1 Read and think Read the sentences below. Find more examples from
Sections A, B and C.
(1) Be careful.
(2) Keep quiet!
(3) Don’t rush.
(4) Never play with fire.
2 Work out the rules Read the sentences above again and fill in the blanks.
the rubbish in the bin.
(1) __________ the paper everywhere.
(2) __________ pens and pencils away.
Let’s clean the classroom today!
(3) __________ the board.
(4) __________ any pictures any more.
(5) __________ the desks and chairs away.
Let’s clean the classroom today!
Keep our classroom clean today.
(6) __________ the floor.
(7) __________ tidy up today.
(8) __________ our classroom tidy today.
A clean classroom makes us happy every day!
Put
3 Practise Li Bailing is singing a song while cleaning the classroom with her
classmates. Complete the song with imperative sentences, positive or negative.
• We form imperative sentences with the base form of a verb.
• We usually use imperative sentences to tell people to do
something.
• We add __________ or __________ to form negative imperative
sentences.
• We use negative imperative sentences to tell people
__________ to do something.
Grammar file
p. 110
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Class rules
4 Discuss and share Work out the top 10 class rules.
(1) Work in pairs. List some rules for your class.
Dos
Don’ts
Keep the classroom clean.
(2) Share the rules with your classmates.
(3) Choose the top 10 rules for your class and put them down in the following
boxes.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
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Writing
A notice for an
activity
D
D2 Prepare Complete the tags on the left of the notice.
You are going to write a notice about rules for a school activity.
D1 Think Read the notice of Lin Dong’s school. What is the notice about?
Notice
We will have our spring outing on 22 March.
We are going to the Science and Technology
Museum. We will meet at the school gate at 9 a.m.
and come back at 3 p.m.
Remember:
• Always keep safe.
• Stay with the groups.
• No photos.
• No littering.
Have a good time!
New Star Middle School
Title
Organiser
Opening
_______ & _______
of the activity
Body
______ of the
activity
______ of the
activity
Ending
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A notice is a formal written announcement for a group of people. It
should be clear and precise. It usually includes:
• Title
• Opening (e.g. name of the activity)
• Body (e.g. plan of the activity)
• Ending
• Organiser
Keep sentences short and use simple words in the notice.
D4 Write Write a notice for the activity.
D5 Check Check your notice. Pay attention to the basic elements of a notice
and the language about rules.
D3 Plan Think of a school activity you are going to have. Make notes about it.
1 What activity are you going to have? (Sports Day/Open Day/Arts Festival/...)
________________________________________________________________
2 When and where are you going to have it?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
3 What rules do you think students must follow?
• _______________________________________________________________
• _______________________________________________________________
• _______________________________________________________________
• _______________________________________________________________
• ...
Work in groups. Select the best notice and give reasons.
Update my to-do list
Writing a notice
TEEN skill
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① surf 激浪
Discovery
28
Beach flags
A red flag means the surf ①
is very dangerous. There are
big waves, or maybe other
dangers. We mustn’t swim
in the water when we see a
red flag.
A yellow flag means it is dangerous
somewhere. The waves can be very
strong, and maybe bad weather is
coming. When there is a yellow flag,
parents should watch children at all
times. We shouldn’t swim or sail in
the sea alone.
A red over yellow flag means it
is a safe swimming area. Helpers
are near.
A pair of black and white
flags means it is a surfing
area. So, don’t swim there.
We must keep surfers safe.
Beach flags tell us information about the waves. They can keep us safe
when we are playing on the beach.
Read and think Which flag shows that we can go swimming? Why?
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① flyer 小传单
2
29
Project
A flyer of signs and
rules for public places
E
Share Share your flyer with your classmates and describe the signs
and rules.
Step 4
Choose Choose one public place near your school.
Step 1
Collect signs and rules Find the signs and rules in this place. Take
photos or draw pictures of the signs.
Make a flyer Write down the place and rules and stick the photos or
pictures.
Step 2
Step 3
Work in groups. Make a flyer of signs and rules for public places.
Public places
museum
library
restaurant
children’s park
cinema
...
Signs and rules in the children’s park
Don’t run fast.
Wait in line politely.
No smoking or littering.
Facilities for children only.
Children under 6 must be
accompanied by a parent.
Look at other groups’ flyers and make comments.
Update my to-do list
Making a flyer
① of signs and rules
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3
What do you know about festivals
in different cultures?
A
C
Festivals
across cultures
30
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1 Listen to a podcast about
festival foods.
2 Talk about festival activities.
3 Read online posts about
festival traditions.
4 Write an online post about
my festival experience.
5 Make a poster about a
festival in China or other
countries.
Look at the pictures. Match each picture with a festival description.
In what places do people usually celebrate these festivals?
1 People pour water over one another for good luck.
2 People cover one another with coloured powder.
3 People make a big outdoor fire to celebrate summer.
4 People eat zongzi and row boats at this festival.
Getting started
B
D
31
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Viewing and listening
Festival foods
A
A1 Look and say Look at the web page. Do you know why people believe
these foods to be lucky?
Li Bailing finds a web page about festival foods.
Festival foods for good luck
jiaozi
noodles
Laba porridge
tangyuan
fish
spring rolls
Listen to a podcast about lucky foods. (Click here
)
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Read aloud.
Happy New Year to you,
Happy New Year to you!
We watch fireworks.
We welcome the harvest,
We wish you a healthy and wealthy New Year.
Letters “w” and “y”
Sound
A3 Listen and take notes Listen again and complete the table.
Lucky
foods
What?
Where?
Why?
Fish
The countries close to
1 ________________
To bring wealth
2 ________________
Some Asian countries
like China and the
Philippines
To hope for a
3 ________________
Cabbage
Germany
To pass on good luck
4 ________________
Mexico
To make
5 ________________
at midnight
To teach people how to cook food for New Year’s Eve.
To introduce food traditions for New Year’s Eve.
To talk about the history of New Year’s Eve.
A2 Listen and think Listen to Bailing’s podcast and tick (3): What is the
speaker’s main purpose?
Understanding a speaker’s purpose
Listen to a podcast about festival foods. Find the speaker’s purpose and make a
table similar to that in A3.
Update my to-do list
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Speaking
Festival activities
B
Harry Turner and Li Bailing are talking about a programme about the
Edinburgh International Festival.
B1 Look and say Look at the programme. Which events would you like to
attend?
B2 Listen, read and think Listen to the conversation between Harry and
Bailing. What do people usually do at the Edinburgh International Festival?
Bailing: Hi, what are you reading?
Harry:
It’s a programme for this year’s Edinburgh International Festival.
Bailing: Wow, it looks good. What is special about the festival?
Harry:
There are a lot of plays, performances, operas and concerts. All in
one place.
10:30 p.m., 3 August
Opening Event
At Festival Square
8 p.m., 5 August
Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony
At the Usher Hall
8 p.m., 18 August
Swan Lake
At the King’s Theatre
8 p.m., 22 August
Cats
At the Lyceum
5–29 August
Live Street Shows
At the Royal Mile
9:30 p.m., 27 August
Closing Fireworks Concert
At the Ross Theatre & Princes Street Gardens
Check out our website for more information:
Since 1947
Edinburgh
International Festival
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My learning notes
Making an invitation:
• (Formal) I’d like to invite you to ... • (Formal/Informal) Would you like to ...?
• (Informal) Do you want to ...?
• ______________________________
Responding to an invitation:
• (Informal) I’d love to.
• (Formal) I’m really sorry, but I’ve got
• __________________________
something else on.
B3 Role-play Wang Yiming is interested in ballet and street shows. Harry invites
him to this year’s Edinburgh International Festival too. Work in pairs and act
out their conversation. Use the above conversation as a model.
Bailing: Really?
Harry:
I went there last year and saw a musical group perform Cats.
Bailing: I’ve never seen a musical before!
Harry:
Would you like to go on a family trip to Edinburgh during your
summer holidays with us?
Bailing: Sounds great! I need to talk to my mum and dad. May I have this
programme?
Harry:
Sure! Here you are.
We make invitations to ask someone to join us for an activity or
event. Invitations between close friends are usually informal.
Formal invitations can show greater respect and politeness.
Word study Word partner Verb + Noun
The following verbs are often used in describing festival activities. What nouns or
noun phrases do they often go together with?
Verb
Noun/Noun phrase
Verb
Noun/Noun phrase
watch
a show/a lion dance/a concert/...
play
eat
visit
wear
enjoy
Work in pairs. Think of a festival in your hometown and invite your partner to the
festival.
Update my to-do list
Making invitations
TEEN skill
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Reading
C Festival celebrations
36
Li Bailing finds some interesting online posts about the Mid-Autumn
Festival.
C1 Predicting Look at the title and the pictures below, and guess: What are the
online posts about?
C2 Read the online posts.
The Mid-Autumn Festival is on the 15th day of the
eighth month, following the Chinese lunar calendar.
With a history of thousands of years, it’s a day for family
reunions. This evening we ate mooncakes and watched
a full moon in a park. I thought of the story of Chang’e
flying to the moon. Is she missing her friends?
Zhang Lijia, China (posted at 8:50 p.m.,17 Sept.)
Tsukimi is different from Chinese celebrations. We
decorate our houses with special autumn grass
and eat Dango. We mostly celebrate it with friends.
Tonight, I had Dango and tea with my friend in a
local tea house. What a quiet night it was!
Haruto, Japan (posted at 9:10 p.m., 17 Sept.)
We started Chuseok as a harvest festival. We have
it on the same day as China. Songpyeon is our most
traditional food for family reunions. It’s a half-moon-
shaped rice cake with nuts and sugar. I’m studying in
China, so this evening I celebrated it with my Chinese
friends. How happy we were!
Seo-jun, South Korea (posted at 9:15 p.m., 17 Sept.)
How do you celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival?
5
10
15
20
Personal touch
What else do you want to know about the celebrations?
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C3 General understanding Read the posts and fill in the blank.
The Mid-Autumn Festivals in China, Japan and South Korea are similar in:
_____________________________________________________________________________
C4 Detailed reading Read the posts again and complete the table.
About the Mid-Autumn Festival
Name
Mid-Autumn
Festival
Tsukimi
Chuseok
Country
China
Time
Festival food
Festival activity/
activities
C5 Further thinking Answer the questions.
1 What other countries also celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival?
2 Why do people in different countries celebrate the same festival?
Vocabulary focus Here is the online post Li Bailing writes about the
Mid-Autumn Festival. Complete it with the words from the text.
The Mid-Autumn Festival, with a history of thousands of years, comes from
China. It spreads to many other countries, such as
1 __________ and South Korea.
People
2 __________ this festival on the same day — the 15th day of the eighth
month according to the Chinese lunar
3 __________. In China and South Korea,
the Mid-Autumn Festival is a big day for family
4 __________. Every country has
its own festival food, for example,
5 __________ in China, Songpyeon in South
Korea and Dango in Japan.
Li Bailing, China (posted at 8:55 p.m., 17 Sept.)
Comparing and contrasting
Work in pairs and talk about the food and activity that you think are special in the
online posts.
Update my to-do list
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1 Read and think What do you find from the answers of the two conversations?
A: Do you like eating
mooncakes?
B: I like them very much, but
I didn’t like them when I
was little.
Conversation B
A: How do you celebrate the Mid-
Autumn Festival?
B: I usually celebrate it with my
family, but this year I celebrated
it with my friends.
Conversation A
2 Work out the rules Tick (3) the one(s) you agree with.
3 Practise Work in pairs. Li Bailing and Wang Yiming are talking about how
they enjoyed the Dragon Boat Festival last year. Complete the conversation
with the proper forms of the words from the box.
watch be celebrate play learn eat
Grammar in use Past simple
We usually use the past simple to talk about ...
actions that happened in the past
things we do regularly
past habits and states
Grammar file
p. 112
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4 Pair and share Work in pairs. Talk about your experiences during the last
Spring Festival.
(1) Take turns to ask each other questions. Note down your partner’s answers.
(2) Compare your experiences. Tell the class what was similar/different.
e.g. Both of us spent the last Spring Festival at home.
Where did you spend the Spring Festival last year?
Whom did you spend the festival with?
What did you do at the festival?
Which experience was the most unforgettable? Why?
...
Bailing: How did you celebrate the Dragon
Boat Festival last year?
Yiming: I
(1) __________ games and
(2) __________
zongzi. I also
(3) __________ to make
zongzi. What about you?
Bailing: Well, I
(4) __________ it with my family.
My grandmother made zongzi for us.
We
(5) __________ the dragon boat
racing. My brothers
(6) __________
excited.
Yiming: I can imagine that.
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Writing
Festival experiences
D
You want to post your festival experience on a website about teenage life.
D1 Think Read Ada’s online post. When did Ada post her experience? How did
she celebrate the new year?
D2 Prepare How did Ada describe the festival? Match the labels with the
descriptions. You can match more than once. There are two descriptions more
than you need.
Last week, we celebrated the new year! On New Year’s Eve, we had a big meal.
The beans were my favorite.
In America, we eat beans because we believe
that beans will bring us a year’s good luck! After the meal, we watched a light
show and counted down the seconds in Times Square! We were very excited!
Ada, the United States (posted at 9:30 p.m., 8 Jan.)
excited
Festival name
Feeling(s)
Festival food(s)
Festival activity/activities
had a big meal
The beans were my favorite.
Beans will bring us a year’s good luck.
A proper noun is the name of a person, place, organization or thing.
Proper nouns usually begin with a capital letter. For example, “China”,
“People’s Square” and “Ada” are proper nouns.
counted down
the seconds
New Year
just so so
Beans will bring wealth.
watched a light show
Using capital letters for proper nouns
TEEN skill
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D4 Write Write your post.
D3 Plan Plan your writing by taking notes about the following questions.
What festival did you celebrate?
___________________________________________
What festival food(s) did you eat?
___________________________________________
A festival
experience
What festival activity/activities did you take part in?
___________________________________________
How did you feel about the festival?
___________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
D5 Check Check your post. Pay attention to the capital letters for proper nouns.
Work in groups. Read each other’s posts and vote for the most interesting festival
experience.
Update my to-do list
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① La Tomatina 西红柿节 ② Rio Carnival 里约狂欢节
42
White: Harbin International Ice
and Snow Festival, China
One of the largest ice and snow
festivals in the world is in Harbin,
China. It takes place from January
to February, and every year it has a
different theme.
Bright colours: Rio Carnival ②,
Brazil
This is “the greatest show on the
Earth” with carnival walks, shows and
dances. The party usually happens
every February or March to mark the
end of the long, hot Brazilian summer.
Red: La Tomatina ①, Spain
The last Wednesday in August is
the time for La Tomatina in Spain.
People throw tomatoes at each
other. The food fight lasts for an
hour.
Read and think Which festival colour(s) may show happiness?
Festival colours
Discovery
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Project
A festival poster
E
Work in groups. Make a poster about a festival in China or other countries.
List and choose Make a list of festivals in your country or other
countries. Choose one festival for your group work.
Plan Search for information about the following questions. Turn to
books or the internet for help.
• What is the name of the festival?
• When does it take place?
• What do people do during the festival?
• Is there any special food for this festival?
Make a poster Write the text for your poster. Remember to decorate
your poster with drawings or photos.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
What are the traditions?
Designed by Group 1
Beginning: about 2,000 years ago, the Han dynasty
Celebration time: the 15th day of the first lunar
month
Activities: holding lanterns, watching lantern shows
and guessing riddles
Food: tangyuan/yuanxiao, a traditional dish
Share Display and introduce your poster to other groups.
Step 4
Lantern Festival
Listen to other groups’ introductions and take notes according to the questions in
Step 2.
Update my to-do list
Making a poster about a festival
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①
Weather
and our lives
4
How does weather affect our lives?
③
44
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1 Listen to a weather report.
2 Talk about favourite seasons
and activities.
3 Read a news article about a
heatwave.
4 Write an email about the
best season to travel.
5 Make a presentation about
the effect of weather on our
lives.
Getting started
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 What is the weather like?
2 What are the people doing?
②
④
45
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Viewing and listening
Weather reports
A
Wang Yiming is using a weather app to prepare for a weather report in
class.
It’s the thirtieth of March today. The weather
in Shanghai is
1 __________ and cool. In
the north, it’s quite
2 __________ and cold
in Beijing. The temperature drops to three
degrees Celsius. It’s also very dry. It’s
3 __________ in Tianjin and
4 __________ in
Chongqing today. Urumqi is very cold and
5 __________ too. In the south, Guangzhou is
warm and it’s
6 __________ today. Kunming
is very
7 __________ because it’s rainy all day.
Sanya is still
8 __________ and you can swim
in the sea.
Read aloud.
Whenever the weather is cloudy,
I don’t know whether I’m wearing the right clothes.
But Cathy thinks she’ll take her umbrella.
wet
raining
cloudy
hot
windy snowing foggy sunny
°C = degree(s) Celsius
8°C = eight degrees Celsius
–12°C = twelve degrees Celsius below zero/minus twelve degrees Celsius
A1 Look and say Look at the app page and
complete Yiming’s report with words from
the box.
Reading temperatures
TEEN skill
Letters “th”
Sound
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Word study Word group
Complete the mind map with the proper forms of the weather words in A1.
A2 View, listen and take notes Listen to a weather report. Choose from A–E
to complete the boxes and write temperatures in the circles.
A3 Listen and say Listen again. Besides the weather, what else does the
weatherman say? Why does he say that?
sunny
wet
dry
adjectives
verbs
snow
sun
wind
cloud
fog
cold
__________
cool
__________
Weather
nouns
Newcastle
°C
Liverpool
°C
London
°C
Listening for key information
Listen to part of a weather report. Take notes about the weather in Birmingham
and Edinburgh, and compare the weather in the two cities.
Update my to-do list
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Speaking
Seasonal activities
B
Wang Yiming and his friends are making a display board about seasonal
activities.
B1 Look and say Look at the display board. Put the English stickers in the right
places. Then talk about your favourite seasonal activities.
What’s your favourite activity in spring?
I like cycling with my friends best.
plant trees
go cycling
go swimming
go skating
have a picnic
fly kites
go to the beach
make snowmen
Spring
Summer
Autumn
Winter
1
5
4
3
8
7
6
2
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My learning notes
Responding to suggestions:
• That’s a good idea.
• I’m afraid I can’t.
• Sure, I’d love to.
• I’d love to, but ...
• _________________________
B2 Listen, read and think Listen to the conversation between Yiming and
Li Bailing. What are their favourite seasonal activities?
Yiming: Isn’t it a lovely day?
Bailing: Yes, quite good. I like warm and sunny weather.
Yiming: So is spring your favourite season?
Bailing: Yes. It’s nice to go hiking and enjoy the sunshine.
Yiming: Why not go on an outing this weekend?
Bailing: That sounds good! Is spring your favourite season too?
Yiming: Well, I like winter best. I can play with snow and I enjoy making
snowmen. It’s also fun to celebrate the Spring Festival with my family.
Do you think so?
Bailing: You can say that, but I really hate cold weather.
B3 Pair and share Work in pairs. Talk about your favourite season and give
reasons. Start your conversation with a comment or question about the
weather.
Work in pairs. Talk about the season you are in and the activities you like. Start your
conversation with a comment or question about the weather.
Update my to-do list
To start a conversation, we may choose the topics like weather,
travel, food, cooking and sports. It is helpful to collect some
information and prepare some questions before a gathering.
Weather is a safe topic.
Starting a conversation
TEEN skill
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Reading
Extreme weather
C
① quote 引用；引述
Personal touch
Have you experienced very hot weather like the heatwave in the UK?
The 19th of July saw an extreme heatwave in the UK. Temperatures
in several places broke records. In Coningsby, England, it reached
40.3°C. Scotland also had its hottest day, with a temperature of 34.8°C.
That day, fires broke out in a few places in England. Trains had to
slow down in many areas. An airport closed when parts of the runway
started to break open. Some schools were closed too.
Other schools took action to keep cool. Pupils wore T-shirts and shorts,
not their school uniforms, and played indoors. Zoos also tried their
best to cool their animals down. Tree animals and sea animals ate iced
vegetables, leaves or fish.
In fact, the average temperature of the Earth has increased by about 1°C
since the late 1700s. Using coal, cutting down forests and driving cars
caused the problem and made it worse day by day.
Wang Yiming is reading a news article about the weather in the UK.
C1 Predicting Read the newspaper headline and think what happened to
the UK.
C2 Read the news article.
A news article is to report important news or information to the public.
It begins with the most important thing.
Headline: a short expression or sentence, to the point and
easy to remember
Lead: the first sentence or paragraph, to introduce a story
or to provide basic information
Details: facts or quotes ①
WORLD NEWS
UK heatwave hits a new high
MOST IMPORTANT
IMPORTANT
5
10
A boy tries to
cool down.
News articles
Text type
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C3 General understanding Match each question with a paragraph in
the news article.
Paragraph 1 _______ A What caused the rising average temperature?
Paragraph 2 _______ B How did the heatwave affect the UK?
Paragraph 3 _______ C What did people do with the heat?
Paragraph 4 _______ D What happened in the UK?
C4 Detailed reading Read again and fill in the blanks with details about the
heatwave in the UK.
Today I read the news on the UK heatwave. The temperature
1 __________ this
summer and it greatly affected the lives of people in the UK. Fires
2 __________; trains
slowed down; a runway at an airport began to break open; some schools did not
open. In some places, students still went to school. But they didn’t wear
3 __________
or play in the sun. Zoos also tried to keep their animals
4 __________ with cold food.
To stop the temperature from
5 __________, people should try their best to go green.
C5 Further thinking Answer the questions.
1 What else causes changes in the weather?
2 What other extreme weather do you know about?
Vocabulary focus Complete Yiming’s reading report with the proper
forms of the words and phrases from the text.
When?
1
Where?
UK
How did it affect the
country?
Fires, slower trains, a
closed
4 and
some closed schools
What?
2 in several
places broke records:
• 40.3°C in England
• 34.8°C in
3
How did people deal with it?
In schools: Pupils wore T-shirts and shorts,
and played
5 .
In zoos: Some animals ate
6 food.
Why? Human activities:
7 coal, cutting down
8 and driving cars
MOST IMPORTANT
IMPORTANT
Identifying key information
Describe the heatwave in the UK with the help of C4.
Update my to-do list
UK heatwave hits a new high
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Grammar in use Preparatory it
52
1 Read and think Read the following sentences to see when we use it.
(1) It’s the thirtieth of March today.
(2) It’s quite windy and cold in Beijing.
(3) It’s spring now.
(4) It’s about 300 kilometres northwest of London.
(5) It’s nice to go hiking and enjoy the sunshine.
(6) In Coningsby, England, it reached 40.3°C.
2 Work out the rules Fill in the blanks with the numbers of the sentences
above.
Use
Example
We use it as an empty subject. It can refer to
date, season, weather, temperature and distance.
date (sentence ______)
season (sentence ______)
weather (sentence ______)
temperature (sentence ______)
distance (sentence ______)
We often use it before “be + adj./n. + to-infinitive”. sentence ______
3 Practise Wang Yiming is talking about a hot day with Lu Yao. Fill in each blank
with the correct sentence to complete the conversation.
Hi, Lu Yao.
(1) today.
(4) . We can also go to
the beach.
Yes,
(2) . Did you know
(3) , the last solar term
in summer?
Oh, really? What do
people usually do on
this day?
大 暑
Major Heat
22–24 July
A it’s Major Heat B It’s so hot C It’s a tradition to drink Fu tea D it’s 38°C
Grammar file
p. 114
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4 Report Wang Yiming finds more information about the weather in
different cities. He is now telling his sister his findings. Look at his findings
and report like him.
In Sanya, it’s winter in January and
summer in July. In January, it’s quite
warm and it’s dry. It’s 21.3°C. It’s not
windy. In July, ...
Sanya
Harbin
Sydney
Jan.
Jul.
Jan.
Jul.
Jan.
Jul.
(°C)
21.3
28.3
0
22
22.2
11.7
(mm)
10.3
158.5
8
150
101.6
63.5
(km/h)
10.1
8.6
14
14
20.9
9.7
Sydney
Harbin
Sanya
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Writing
D Weather and travel
① double-decker bus 双层公共汽车
To:
Yiming
From:
Lisa
Subject:
Best time to visit London
D2 Prepare What does Lisa write about in her email to Yiming? Find the
information in the email.
Wang Yiming receives an email from Lisa. Help him write a reply.
D1 Think Read Lisa’s email. What does Lisa want to know from Yiming?
Greeting
Body
Closing
Signature
Greet your friend at the beginning.
Write the information you want to give or get in the body part.
Express good wishes at the end.
Don’t forget to write your name.
Hi, Yiming!
How are you doing these days?
You asked about the best time to visit London last time. For me, it’s late
spring. It’s usually quite sunny, and not too hot in this season. You can
visit Big Ben and travel on a red double-decker bus ①. Remember to
take your umbrella with you because it rains in London from time to
time.
I’d love to see your hometown one day.
Would the summer holidays be a good
time to visit you? Write soon!
Best regards,
Lisa
Best time: ________________________________________________________
Weather: _________________________________________________________
Writing an email
TEEN skill
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To:
From:
Subject:
D5 Check Check your email. Pay attention to its structure.
D4 Write Help Yiming complete his email to Lisa.
D3 Plan What are you going to write about in your reply to Lisa? Take notes
in the mind map.
Best time
to visit my
hometown
Best time
Weather
Activities
Tips
__________
I’m very glad to hear from you. How are you?
It is a good idea to visit my hometown ________________ (When?). ______
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
All the best!
__________
Activities: ____________________________________________________
Tips: _________________________________________________________
Work in groups. Help your classmates polish their emails.
Update my to-do list
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① Athens 雅典 ② measure 测量 ③ humidity 湿度 ④ satellite 卫星
56
Weather satellites go around
the Earth, and get pictures and
information to predict weather.
China had its first weather satellite,
Fengyun 1A, in 1988.
Different ways to
predict weather
Over 2,000 years ago, people in Athens ①
could tell time and the wind direction.
The Tower of the Winds is said to be
the world’s first weather station. Today
weather stations are on land or on the
sea to collect information about the wind
direction and wind speed.
Weather balloons measure ②
temperature, humidity ③,
air pressure and wind speed
in the air. The first weather
balloons appeared in France
in 1892.
Weather stations
Weather balloons
Weather satellites
④
Read and think Which way(s) are you familiar with? What other ways can help
predict weather?
Discovery
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① presentation 陈述 ② nickname 别名；昵称
4
57
Project
Weather in life
E
Share Report your findings in class. Listen to other groups and take
notes.
Step 4
Collect ideas Think of anything interesting or meaningful about
weather in our lives. Make a mind map with your group members.
Step 1
Choose and search Choose a topic and search for more information
or stories. Here is one group’s work.
Step 2
Work in groups. Make a presentation about the effect of weather on our lives.
Select and prepare Select your information or stories and prepare for
the presentation.
Step 3
Place
Country
Meaning/
Nickname ②
Information/Story
London
UK
“the Big
Smoke”
In 1952, clouds of smoke from the burning
of coal stayed in the air for five days ...
Weather & places
Weather
weather & idioms
weather & ...
weather & places
“the Big Smoke”
Some cities around the world got their nicknames or names because of the
weather. For example, one of London’s nicknames is “the Big Smoke”. Smoke
used to cover the sky of the city. The worst event happened in 1952. That year
clouds of smoke from the burning of coal stayed in the air for five days. A lot of
people fell ill and even died.
Put together the information shared by every group and add it to your mind map.
Update my to-do list
Making a presentation
① about the effect of weather
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Green
neighbourhood
5
What makes a green neighbourhood?
58
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Getting started
Tick (3) the answer(s) to the questions.
1 What is your neighbourhood like?
2 What does a green neighbourhood usually have?
big
small
clean
beautiful
Other ideas: __________
many birds
clean energy
Other ideas: __________
a big garden
many trees
1 Listen to a song about
a green neighbourhood.
2 Talk about ways to build
a green neighbourhood.
3 Read a speech on Earth
Day.
4 Write a diary about green
experiences.
5 Design a green neighbourhood.
59
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Viewing and listening
A green song
A
A1 Look and tick Put the numbers of the activities in the poster above.
Tick (3) the activities you have in your neighbourhood and add more if you
want to.
Lu Yao is doing a “Building a green neighbourhood” project. She is reading
a poster.
A2 Listen and think Listen to a green song and complete the sentence.
The song tells people to help build a green neighbourhood with ________.
1 collect bottles and cans
2 repair old items
3 sort rubbish
4 make cloth bags
5 plant trees
6 pick up litter
7 Your ideas: _______________________________________________________
Let's build a green
neighbourhood
together!
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Classifying
paper plastic bags water boxes plastic bottles glass
A3 Listen and take notes Listen again and put the words and phrase
from the box in the diagram below.
Sing to the beat.
Look at the edge of the bridge.
There’s so much garbage.
A few matches,
A large plastic lunch box,
An old orange toy watch
And some rotten cabbage.
Let’s go and pick them up.
It’s our turn to make a change
For a better environment.
1
2
3
plastic bags, water
Word study Word group 3Rs
Reuse
Reduce
Recycle
water
plastic
newspapers
paper
waste
rubbish
cloth bags
uses of electricity
old clothes
...
...
...
Letters “ge”, “dge”, “ch” and “tch”
Sound
Listen again and find out more dos and don’ts for the 3Rs.
Update my to-do list
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Speaking
Green ideas
B
Ms Chen and her students are talking about ways to build a green
neighbourhood. They are reading a comic for ideas.
B1 Look and say Look at the comic. Where are the people in each picture?
B2 Listen, read and think Listen to the conversation between Ms Chen
and her students. What ideas do they have for a green neighbourhood?
Ms Chen: Children, what can we do to build a green neighbourhood?
Lu Yao:
Well, we can turn off the lights when we leave
the room. This saves electricity.
Ms Chen: Great! Any other ideas? Come on!
Yiming:
I think we can tell people to put plastic bottles
in the recycling bin. Don’t mix them up with
waste foods.
Sure.
OK. Sorry for that.
Tiantian, you are wasting electricity!
Please turn off the light.
Tiantian, can you put the plastic
bottle in the recycling bin?
Tiantian, you’re not using the
computer. Can I turn it off?
Tiantian, please turn off the
tap. Don’t waste water when
brushing your teeth.
Uh, OK.
OK.
1
2
3
4
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B3 Role-play In pairs, continue the conversation. Use the ideas from the comic
on page 62 or your own ideas. Also, use your learning notes for help.
Bailing:
I can use plastic bottles to make works
of art.
Ms Chen: Very good. We can do so many things
with them! What else can we do?
Lu Yao:
What about using reusable shopping
bags? I saw some very nice ones at
the store.
Ms Chen: Good thinking! We can even make
them on our own. They may last a long
time. Do you have any more ideas?
Collect ideas on how to make your school a green one. Encourage your partners
with the expressions above.
Update my to-do list
My learning notes
Giving encouragement:
• Believe me, you’re going to
make a difference!
• ______________________
• Great work!
• Just do it!
• That sounds good.
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Reading
C A green city
64
Jason, a student from Singapore, is giving a speech on Earth Day.
C1 Predicting Read the greeting and the first paragraph of the speech and
answer the questions.
1 Who is Jason speaking to?
2 What do you think he will talk about?
C2 Read Jason’s speech.
A speech usually has three parts:
• Opening: to greet the audience and say what the speech is about
• Body: to describe the main points, with facts and examples for
each point
• Closing: to repeat the main idea and conclude the speech with a
take-home message
Good morning, teachers and friends!
I’m Jason Lee from Singapore. Today is Earth Day. I’d like to talk
about my home country on this special day.
Singapore is a garden city and even our airport is like a huge garden.
Everyone is taking action to make Singapore greener. The government
encourages people to take public transport like buses and the MRT.
We usually walk or cycle to school. In all schools, we have
environmental classes.
In fact, we have a Green Plan. In about ten years’ time, all new cars
and taxis will be electric. And 80% of the new buildings will be low-
energy ones. We can also walk to a park in 10 minutes.
However, Singapore alone can’t make a green planet. All the countries
in the world should do their share to make the Earth greener. It’s not
only for the planet but also for the future of mankind.
5
10
Personal touch
What do you think of the Green Plan in Singapore?
Speeches
Text type
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Understanding the text structure
C3 General understanding Read and complete the outline of Jason’s speech.
C4 Detailed reading Read the speech again and fill in the blanks.
To make Singapore greener, everyone is taking action.
Opening:
Body:
Closing:
C5 Further thinking Answer the questions.
1 What else do you think helps Singapore become a green garden city?
2 What can we do to make our environment greener?
Vocabulary focus Complete the conversation between Mum and Li
Bailing with the proper forms of the words and phrase from the text. The first
letter is given.
Singapore
Singapore
Green Plan
Transportation:
• People take
1 __________ and
2 __________.
• Students usually
3 __________ or
4 __________ to school.
Education:
• In all schools, we have environmental classes.
City plan:
• All new cars and taxis will be
5 .
• 80% of the new buildings will be
6 ones.
• We can walk to a park
7 .
Mum:
Is there anything new today, Bailing?
Bailing: Yes, today is Earth Day and Jason made a speech to introduce his
home country Singapore.
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Mum:
What did he say in his speech?
Bailing: He told us people in Singapore travel around by
1p__________
transport. Students usually
2c__________ or walk to school. And they
have environmental classes in all schools.
Mum:
That’s good for the environment. Is that all?
Bailing: No, he also talked about the Green Plan. In about ten years’ time,
people will take
3e__________ cars or taxis and most new buildings
will use less
4e__________. There will be more
5p__________ quite near
them.
Mum:
In China, we are also
6t__________ a__________ to go green. I hope our
7p__________ will be a beautiful garden in the future.
1 Read and think Read the sentences and think about the use of the underlined
words. Find out more sentences with can, may or should in this unit.
(1) I think we can tell people to put plastic bottles in the recycling bin.
(2) I can use plastic bottles to make works of art.
(3) Those reusable shopping bags may last a long time.
(4) All the countries in the world should do their share to make the Earth greener.
2 Work out the rules Complete the table with the proper sentences in Activity 1.
Use (can/may/should)
Example
To give advice or make
suggestions
I think we can tell people to put plastic
bottles in the recycling bin.
(1) ___________________________________
To say that one has the ability
to do something
(2) ___________________________________
To say that something is
possible
(3) ___________________________________
Grammar in use Modal verbs: can, may and
should
Which part of Jason’s speech do you like most? Why?
Update my to-do list
Grammar file
p. 115
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e.g.
Go to 21
3 Practise Work in pairs. Look at the pictures. Use modal verbs to make
conversations.
4 Play a game How “green” are you?
When you land on a picture, talk about the green activity based on it.
e.g.
A: Mum, what can/should we do to build a green neighbourhood?
B: We can/should recycle the waste.
(recycle the waste)
(make reusable bags)
(sort the rubbish)
(1)
(2)
(3)
• The player who rolls the
biggest number goes first.
Then all the other players
take turns to roll the dice.
• If you land on a picture
which shows a green
activity, you must say what
it is. If you don’t know, you
miss a turn.
• The first person to get to
the FINISH sign wins the
game. Good luck!
Things needed to play with
Rules
Number of players
two or more
some chess pieces and a dice
You can/should make useful things out of rubbish.
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Writing
“One-step Greener”
experiences
D
① thumbs-up 竖起大拇指；赞成
Write a diary to record your “One-step Greener” experience.
D1 Think Read Lu Yao’s diary. What does the diary tell us?
D2 Prepare Read again and underline the details in Lu Yao’s diary. Put them
in the table.
Saturday, 15 May
Sunny
Dear diary,
I got up early this morning. I went to work in our neighbourhood
garden with other kids. Uncle Li taught us how to plant sunflowers. We
tried it after that.
I made a cloth bag out of my old green T-shirt in the afternoon. I gave
it to my mum. “Wow, it’s beautiful! I really like it!”
“Let’s go green in our daily life!” I said.
“Good idea!” my mum gave me a thumbs-up ①.
I was tired but happy today.
• Think of topics: your experiences of a day, especially the
unforgettable ones.
• Record the day, the date and the weather.
• Describe your experiences and add some sensory details (touch,
sight, sound, taste and smell).
• Share your thoughts and feelings.
She did ...
She said ...
She saw/heard/...
She felt ...
Writing a diary
TEEN skill
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D5 Check Check your diary. Pay attention to its structure.
D4 Write Write your diary.
______________ (day & date)
(weather) _______
Dear diary,
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
D3 Plan What are you going to write in your diary? Take notes in the
mind map.
What did I do?
What did I say?
What did I see/
hear/...?
How did I feel?
My “One-
step
Greener”
experience
Work in groups. Share your green experiences in the group.
Update my to-do list
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① lifestyle 生活方式 ② Moldova 摩尔多瓦（欧洲东南部国家）
70
Earth Day celebrations
India
India encourages people to dress in green
for Earth Day activities. The country puts
on events to protect Asian elephants too.
The Philippines
Long runs are part of Earth Day
celebrations in the Philippines. They
usually include 5K, 10K, 21K and 42K
races.
Moldova ②
The local group in Moldova hosts Earth Day
activities in about 30 villages — from clean-
ups to tree planting and the building of
homes for birds.
The first Earth Day was on 22 April 1970. Gaylord Nelson in the United States
developed the idea for Earth Day. He wanted people to take care of the
Earth. Nowadays, Earth Day celebrations take place all over the world.
China
China’s environmental groups hold
meetings and shows on Earth Day.
Millions of kids and teenagers get the
chance to learn more about nature,
environmental protection and green
lifestyles ①.
Read and think Which Earth Day celebration impressed you most? Why?
Discovery
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Project
An ideal green
neighbourhood
E
Work in groups. Design your ideal green neighbourhood.
Brainstorm Discuss and think of the place for your green
neighbourhood and list some features of it.
Step 1
Prepare Prepare a group presentation about your design of a green
neighbourhood. The plan should have a name, a place, green features
and a picture.
Step 3
Draw Draw a picture of the neighbourhood. Mark some green features,
the things that make your neighbourhood green.
• clean energy in the
neighbourhood
• a clothes recycling station
• green buildings (the school,
supermarket, library, hospital,
shopping centre, etc.)
• a neighbourhood garden
• ...
Step 2
It is near a river. There are many
trees in it and ...
Is the neighbourhood near a park
or river? What makes it green?
Name
Place
Green features
Evergreen
Garden
... in the city centre;
... near a lake with
many trees
... solar power;
The big windows ... make the
most of winter sun;
... wind energy
Present and share Share your designs for your ideal green
neighbourhood in class.
Step 4
Listen to the presentations and choose the best design.
Update my to-do list
Designing a green neighbourhood
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6
What can you learn from famous people?
Famous people
in history
72
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1 Listen and learn about the
life of a famous scientist.
2 Talk about famous life
savers.
3 Read a short biography of a
famous writer.
4 Write a story about a
famous person.
5 Design stamps of famous
people.
Look at the pictures and answer the questions.
1 Who are they?
2 What are they famous for?
Getting started
73
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Viewing and listening
World changers
A
① gravity 重力 ② radium 镭 ③ relativity 相对论 ④ hybrid 杂交植物
New Star Middle School is holding the Week of Famous People in History.
Wang Yiming is looking at a web page about famous world changers.
A1 Look and say Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about the people in
the pictures.
When did Thomas Edison invent a safe and inexpensive light bulb?
No, in 1879.
I’m not sure. In 1900?
Five great scientists who changed the world
Click the pictures to get more information.
Isaac Newton
published
the theory of
gravity ① in
1687
Thomas Edison
invented
a safe and
inexpensive
light bulb in
1879
Albert Einstein
published
a paper on
the theory
of general
relativity ③ in
1916
Marie Curie
discovered
radium ② with
her husband
in 1898
Yuan Longping
grew the
world’s first
hybrid ④ rice
plants in 1973
Home > Science > Five great scientists who changed the world
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75
5 ____________
8 ____________
2 ____________
A Edison got his first real job.
B Edison opened the first power station to make money.
C Edison died.
D Edison made the light bulb work for over 13 hours.
E Edison made his first successful invention in New York.
A2 Listen and think Listen to an introduction to a famous world changer
and complete the sentence.
It mainly shows the
1 __________________ of a smart inventor,
2 __________________.
A3 View, listen and take notes Listen again and complete the timeline.
1847
1 _______
3 _______
1879
6 _______
1931
Years:
• 1601: sixteen o one
• 1879: eighteen seventy-nine
• 1900: nineteen hundred
• 2008: two thousand and eight; twenty o eight
Dates:
• 21 December 1898: the twenty-first of December/December the
twenty-first, eighteen ninety-eight
He was born.
Sequencing events
4 ____________
7 ____________
Listen to a podcast about Marie Curie and draw the timeline of her life.
Update my to-do list
Saying years and dates in English
TEEN skill
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Speaking
Life savers
B
Wang Yiming and his classmates are looking at the project display on life
savers in history.
B1 Look and say Work in pairs. Look at the display boards and talk about the
life savers.
Look at those life savers. Who do you admire most?
Why?
Florence Nightingale.
She started the first school for nurses in the UK
and spent her life taking care of sick people.
B2 Listen, read and think Listen to the conversation between Lu Yao and
Harry, Yiming’s project partner. What are their projects about?
Harry:
Lu Yao, is this your project?
Lu Yao: Yes. It’s about Li Shizhen. He wrote Bencao Gangmu.
Harry:
Is it a very famous book on Traditional Chinese Medicine?
Lu Yao: Yes. There are 1,892 different herbs in it.
Harry:
How many? I didn’t quite catch that.
Li Shizhen
1518–1593, China
wrote a famous book
on Traditional Chinese
Medicine
Alexander Fleming
1881–1955, UK
discovered penicillin, a
new kind of medicine,
and won the Nobel Prize
Florence Nightingale
1820–1910, UK
started the first school
for nurses in the UK and
spent her life taking
care of sick people
Henry Norman Bethune
1890–1939, Canada
saved many Chinese
soldiers during World
War II and lost his life at
the war hospital
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Lu Yao: 1,892.
Harry:
Wow!
Lu Yao: What about your project?
Harry:
Our project is about Hua Tuo. He invented mafeisan.
Lu Yao: Pardon? What did he invent?
Harry:
Mafeisan, a kind of medicine. It was made from herbs. People wouldn’t
feel pain after taking it.
Lu Yao: That’s amazing.
B3 Pair and share Work in pairs. Talk about the life savers on page 76, the world
changers on page 74 or other famous people in history. Ask your partner to
repeat the information if necessary. Use your learning notes for help.
Word study Word partner
Compare the following two sentences and think: What words can we use after “be
famous”? Can you give more examples?
• Hua Tuo was famous as a doctor.
• Hua Tuo was famous for mafeisan.
Work in pairs. Introduce a life saver in history to your partner and have him or her
guess the person’s name.
Update my to-do list
My learning notes
Asking for repetition:
• In a formal way:
I beg your pardon?
_____________________
• In a less formal way:
Excuse me.
...? I didn’t quite catch that.
Sorry, what did you just say?
_____________________
Letters “tr” and “dr”
Sound
Read aloud.
Each and every one of us can be great.
Dream big dreams.
Try hard to trace your dreams.
And then live your dream life.
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Reading
Great storytellers
C
① achievement 成就
Wang Yiming is sharing a short biography about William Shakespeare, one of
his favourite writers.
C1 Background knowledge What do you know about William Shakespeare?
C2 Read the short biography.
A short biography is a brief introduction to a person’s life. It usually
includes information about his or her family, education, personal
experiences, achievements ①, etc. It is written in time order. It usually
begins with their birth and ends with their death.
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare was born in 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon,
England. Young Shakespeare loved reading plays, poems and stories,
and often watched plays in his hometown.
In 1582, he had a family. He went to London to try his luck in the late
1580s. There were many theatres. He took care of horses and acted in
plays. Then he tried writing plays. From 1589 to 1600, Shakespeare
wrote about 20 plays such as Romeo and Juliet. After seeing how poor
people lived, he wrote tragedies like Hamlet. People loved his plays
because he created many unique characters and brought them to life
on the stage.
In the early 1610s, he went back to his hometown and kept writing. He
died in 1616.
Shakespeare wrote 37 plays and over 150 poems in all. Today there
are still millions of Shakespeare fans in the world. His works make us
laugh, cry and think.
5
10
15
Personal touch
What interests you most about William Shakespeare’s life?
Short biographies
Text type
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C3 General understanding Match each paragraph with its main idea.
A Achievements
B Hometown and childhood
C Later life
D Family problems
E Life in London
Paragraph 1: _____ Paragraph 2: _____ Paragraph 3: _____ Paragraph 4: _____
C4 Detailed reading Complete the timeline of Shakespeare’s life with information
from the text.
He was born.
1564
1 _________
C5 Further thinking Answer the questions.
1 What kind of person do you think Shakespeare was? Explain why.
2 Who do you think is a great writer in Chinese history like Shakespeare? Give
your reasons.
Vocabulary focus Yiming makes a fact file of Shakespeare. Help him
complete it with the words or phrase from the text.
Name
William Shakespeare
Hometown
Stratford-upon-Avon, England
Year of birth
1564
Year of death
1616
Facts
• He showed interest in plays, stories and
1 __________ as a
young boy.
• He left his hometown for London at about 20 and tried his
2 __________ there.
• He did jobs in theatres. He took care of horses,
3 __________ in plays and wrote plays.
• He wrote four famous tragedies
4 __________ Hamlet.
• The
5 __________ in his books are unique.
• ...
FACT FILE
4 _________________
Skimming for main ideas
Do you think Shakespeare’s experiences led to his success? Explain why.
Update my to-do list
8 _________________
2 _________________
6 _________________
10 _________________
3 _________
5 _________
7 _________
9 _________
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Grammar in use There + be
1 Read and think Read and underline the same structure in the following
sentences.
(1) There are 1,892 different herbs in the book.
(2) There were many theatres in Shakespeare’s time.
(3) Today there are still millions of Shakespeare fans in the world.
(4) Look! There’s an elephant.
2 Work out the rules Circle the right answers.
3 Practise Wang Yiming went on a school outing to Duolun Road yesterday. He
is writing an email about it to his friend Lisa in London. Complete his email with
there and the proper form of the verb be.
To:
Lisa
From:
Yiming
Subject:
My visit to Duolun Road
Dear Lisa,
How’s everything going lately?
We had an outing to Duolun Road yesterday. It was snowy!
(1) __________ (not)
many visitors because of the weather.
It’s just a short road (about half a kilometre), but it’s famous because
(2) __________ statues of Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Ye Shengtao, Guo Moruo, Ding Ling
and so on along the road. They were all famous writers. They brought a lot of
new ideas and thoughts, and wrote many famous articles.
(3) __________ also a
Chinese-style tea house, many old book stalls, museums and shops. I bought a
painting in a small shop and had a great time.
(4) __________ any place like this in your country? Looking forward to hearing
from you soon.
Yours,
Yiming
• We usually use have / there + be to say that someone owns
something.
• We usually use have / there + be to say that something exists in
space or time.
Grammar file
p. 117
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81
4 Pair and share Work in pairs. Read the schedule of the Week of Famous
People in History. Continue the conversation about the activities listed in
the schedule.
Time
Activity
Place
Monday
A lecture on Yuan Longping
Hall
A cartoon about Thomas Edison
Room 202
Tuesday
Students’ project display on famous
life savers in history
Arts and Crafts Room
Wednesday
A drama Romeo and Juliet
Hall
Thursday
A writing competition about stories of
famous people
Room 102
Friday
An outing to Duolun Road
Duolun Road
Is there a lecture on Yuan Longping in the hall on Monday?
What will the lecture be about?
Yes, there is.
It will be about Yuan’s
experiences and achievements.
What did he do?
Wow! He was a real hero.
He grew the world’s first hybrid rice
plants in 1973.
Of course. By the way, ...
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Writing
Great minds
D
You want to take part in the writing competition “A story of a famous person
in history”.
D1 Think Read Wang Yiming’s story. How did Cao Chong get the elephant’s
weight?
It’s a story about a clever boy named Cao Chong. One day, his father Cao Cao
said, “Look! There’s an elephant. How heavy is it?” No one knew. But the eight-
year-old Cao Chong had an idea. He asked someone to take the elephant on
a boat, mark the level of the water on its side
and then take it off. He asked some people to
put rocks on the boat until the water reached
the mark. Finally, they weighed the rocks and
got the elephant’s weight.
D2 Prepare Circle the personal pronouns in the story. Who/What does each of
them refer to?
D3 Plan Plan your own story with the help of the mind map. Think about the
good quality we can learn from the famous person.
Who
When
What
How
Where
A story of
______________
Quality:
___________
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D4 Write Write your story.
D5 Check Check your story. Pay attention to the use of personal pronouns.
When you write about a person or something, you can use personal
pronouns (e.g. he, she, it, they, we ...) to avoid repetition. For example,
use He to refer to Cao Chong, use it to refer to the elephant and use they
to refer to some people.
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Work in groups. Share your stories with each other. Choose the story you like best
and give reasons.
Update my to-do list
Using personal pronouns
TEEN skill
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① seal 印章 ② wobble 摇晃
84
Short stories
of famous people
Read and think Which person do you admire? Why?
Richard Feynman was a great scientist. He
liked playing with physics. Do you know
his Nobel Prize idea came from a plate?
One day, Feynman saw someone throwing
a plate in the air. There was a red university
seal ① on the plate. As the plate went up, it
wobbled ② and the seal went around too.
Feynman noticed that the seal moved at a
different speed from the plate. He watched
for a long time and found out the moving
rule. Later, his discovery won him the
Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965, which he
shared with two other scientists.
Thomas Gainsborough was a famous
British painter. Once little Thomas saw a
man try to break into a house. He went
back home and drew a picture of him.
Tom’s father saw the picture and handed
it to the police. The thief was soon caught.
That was how Thomas found his talent in
painting.
Discovery
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Project
Stamps of famous
people
E
Collect ideas Discuss and choose a field, list some names of great
people in the field and give a title to your stamps, e.g. “Great life savers”
and “Famous scientists”.
Choose Look at the following questions. Choose the four most famous
people in the field for your stamps and give your reasons.
• What did the person achieve?
• What qualities did he or she have?
• What was the influence of his or her work?
Make stamps Put the pictures of the four people on the stamps.
Share Introduce your group’s stamps to the class.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Work in groups. Design stamps of famous people in world history for the
stamp club.
2 yuan
2 yuan
2 yuan
2 yuan
2 yuan
Stamps: Famous scientists
The 2-yuan stamp: Marie Curie
Reason: She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize
in Physics and the first person to win another
Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Her scientific work
helped treat cancer.
Marie Curie
Choose your favourite stamps and give reasons.
Update my to-do list
Designing stamps of famous people
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① compass 指南针
Culture
corner
86
Exploring China: Great people
in history
Each age has its great men.
— Zhao Yi
I've heard of Confucius.
He taught people to
behave well and be kind
to others.
There were wise people in
wartime like Jiang Ziya, Sun
Wu and Zhuge Liang.
China has some
wonderful writers. Li Bai
and Du Fu were two of
the greatest poets.
Chinese people invented
things like the compass ① and
gunpowder. I also know Cai
Lun made great contributions
to paper-making.
Fa
mou
s Ch
ines
e pe
ople
in i
nter
natio
nal s
tuden
ts’ e
yes
Daniel from the US
Soo-ah from South Korea
Jeanne from France
Luan from South Africa
First impressions
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① impractical 不切实际的 ② acquire 获得 ③ crater 陨石坑 ④ Venus 金星
Confucius (551 BCE–479 BCE) was one of
the greatest thinkers and teachers in Chinese
history. His ideas have been the guiding
philosophy of China for thousands of years.
He believed that people and society benefit
from lifelong learning and a moral outlook. His
sayings include “To learn without thinking is to
risk being blind, while to think without learning
is to risk being impractical ①. ” and “Is it not a
delight to acquire ② knowledge and put it into
practice?”
Zheng He (1371–1433 or 1375–1435)
was a Chinese explorer. He travelled out of
China seven times to explore the world. He
visited Southeast Asia, the Middle East and
even the east coast of Africa. He helped
build trade relations with many countries.
Search for more information about one of the people above.
Explore
Wang Zhenyi (1768–1797) was a
Chinese scientist. She wrote papers on
the stars and used a simple language
to explain maths. In 1994, a crater ③ on
Venus ④ was named after her to mark her
contributions to astronomy.
Highlights
Read and answer: What influences do these people have on China?
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88
Word bank
Confucius 孔子
philosophy 哲学
moral outlook 道德观
saying 格言
Southeast Asia 东南亚
the Middle East 中东
contribution 贡献
Wang Yiming and Lin Dong are theatre lovers. They are looking at a flyer about
a “Shakespeare Meets Tang Xianzu” series ① of activities. Help them choose one
activity to attend and get to know more about the two writers and their dramas.
Shakespeare and Tang Xianzu wrote plays in the same era.
How much do you know about them? Have you read their plays?
If the two writers met, what would they say to each other?
Welcome to our activities and get to know
more about these two famous writers!
Performing dramas
Reading dramas
Sharing stories
Shakespeare Meets Tang Xianzu
Discuss the questions in the flyer above and search for stories about
more writers in China or the UK.
Explore
① series 系列
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Culture corner
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Antarctica is the driest, coldest and windiest continent on the Earth. About 98% of
the land is under snow and ice, but Antarctica is the largest desert in the world. The
lowest temperature there was –89.2°C and the wind usually blows at a speed of
17–18 metres per second.
There are two seasons in Antarctica: winter and summer. Winter begins in April and
lasts until the end of October. In winter, most of Antarctica is dark for 24 hours a day.
Roald Amundsen, a Norwegian explorer,
was the first team leader to reach the
South Pole in 1911. He learned about
living and working in cold places from
the Inuits, such as using furs, driving
dogs and building igloos.
In Antarctica, research stations spread across the continent representing ①
over 30 countries from around the world. Scientists in Antarctica must
share the results of their experiments ② , and visitors have to respect the
environment according to the Antarctica Treaty.
Highlights
Read and think: Why do we explore Antarctica?
First impressions
Exploring Antarctica
Exploring the world: Antarctica
① represent 代表 ② experiment 实验
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① scuba-diving 戴水肺潜水 ② plunge 跳水 ③ trek 长途跋涉
Bridging cultures
Wang Yiming and Lu Yao are having a discussion about travelling to Antarctica.
Best things to do in Antarctica
Camping under the stars
Visiting a science station
Taking the polar plunge ②
Skiing on snowy mountains
Climbing Antarctica’s highest
mountain
Scuba-diving ①
Whale watching
Trekking ③ to the South Pole
Hanging out with penguins
Sending a postcard from Port
Lockroy
Yes. It’s fun to travel to Antarctica.
We can camp under the stars,
watch whales and hang out with
penguins. How about you?
Every year many people visit Antarctica.
Would you like to travel there?
Search for more stories about Antarctic exploration and share your
findings with your classmates.
Explore
China’s first research station, Great Wall, was
opened in 1985 and now it has several more:
Zhongshan, Kunlun, Taishan and so on.
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Word bank
Norwegian 挪威的
the South Pole 南极
Inuit 因纽特人
igloo 冰屋
research station 科考站
Antarctica Treaty 《南极公约》
Port Lockroy 洛克罗伊港
The activities sound exciting. But I’m
afraid some of them may affect the
animal life there.
Search for pros and cons of travelling to Antarctica. Share your views
with your classmates.
Explore
...
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Literature
corner
① wizard 男巫 ② Scarecrow 稻草人 ③ a bucket of 一桶 ④ Tin Man 铁皮人
⑤ Cowardly Lion 胆小狮
92
The Wonderful Wizard ① of Oz is a children’s book written
by L. Frank Baum. A Kansas farm girl named Dorothy finds
herself in the magical Land of Oz after she and her pet dog are
blown away from their home by a strong wind. In the new land,
she makes several new friends. All of them wish for something.
They get along well and, after some hard times, finally get what
they want. On her journey back to Kansas, Dorothy learns true
friendship and how to face difficulties.
At nine o’clock the green man took Dorothy and her friends to the Wizard’s
room. A voice said, “I am the Wizard of Oz. Who are you, and what do you want?”
“Where are you?” asked Dorothy.
“I am everywhere, but you can’t see me. Who are you and what do you want?”
“You know us all,” said the Scarecrow ②. “You said to me, ‘Help Dorothy to kill
the Witch of the West, and you can have some brains.’ Well, the Witch is dead, and
now I want my brains.”
“Is the Witch truly dead?” asked the Voice.
“Yes,” said Dorothy. “I threw a bucket of ③ water over her, and she
disappeared.”
Then they saw an old man. He said, “Thank you, Dorothy. But I’m very sorry. I
don’t know any true magic, so I can’t help you.”
“What about my brains?” said the Scarecrow.
“You don’t need brains. You understand things; you can think; you learn
quickly. You’re very clever.”
“What about my heart?” asked the Tin Man ④.
“You don’t need a heart,” said the old man. “You laugh, you cry, you love, you
feel sorry for people.”
“I want to be brave,” said the Cowardly Lion ⑤.
“But you are brave. You do a lot of brave things!”
“What about Toto and me?” asked Dorothy.
“We can go up in my balloon,” said the Wizard. “The wind blew us here from
Kansas. Perhaps it can blow us back to Kansas again.”
The friends were not pleased. So the old man said, “All right. Please come
here tomorrow morning.”
The next morning he took a bottle with BRAINS on it in big green letters and
A chapter to start with
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If you are interested in this story, read the whole book. Make a reading plan for the
school term or your summer holidays.
Plan my reading
• Set the time span and your reading goal. Decide when to start and how long it will
take. Decide the number of pages you will read every day.
• Plan your reading. Mark every stopping point of the book with a pencil.
• Keep a reading log. Keep a record of the pages you have read and how long it has
taken.
put it in the Scarecrow’s head. He said, “Now you’re the cleverest scarecrow in Oz.”
Next the Wizard gave the Tin Man a small red heart. “Wear this always,” he said.
Then the old man took a bottle with BE BRAVE on it. “Drink this,” he said to the
Cowardly Lion. All of them thanked the Wizard again and again.
The Wizard smiled at them. “You didn’t need my magic,” he said. “But you’re
all happy now, and that’s a good thing. Now, Dorothy,” he said, “come and see my
balloon. It’s all ready.”
My reading log
Date
Start-End page
Minutes
Feelings
Notes
____________’s reading plan
Book
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz
Starting date
Ending date
Pages of the book
Pages per day
Answer the questions based on your reading.
1 Why did Dorothy and her friends go to see the Wizard of Oz?
2 How did the Wizard help them?
3 Do you think the Wizard had magical powers? Why or why not?
Post-reading activities
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① clear 清空 ② cloak 斗篷
The Tempest is a play written by William Shakespeare
around 1611. It starts with a big storm caused by a character
named Prospero. Prospero used to be the Duke of Milan but
he loved books and magic more than ruling. His brother,
Antonio, put him and his three-year-old daughter, Miranda,
on a boat and set them out to sea. They ended up on an
island where Prospero used his magic to free a spirit named
Ariel and other magical beings. One day, Prospero created
a storm to bring his enemies to the island. However, in the
end, he decided to forgive them.
Act 1, Scene 2
An island. A cleared
① place before Prospero’s cave. Prospero and Miranda enter.
Miranda:
My dearest father, did you raise the storm? If yes, stop it now. The
cries on the ship broke my heart!
Prospero:
Calm down. Don’t worry. No harm, my dearest daughter. You don’t
know who you are. You don’t know where I came from.
Miranda:
I never thought I should know more.
Prospero:
It’s time I tell you. Help take off my magic cloak ②.
She does so, and he places it on a rock.
Prospero:
Wipe your eyes. Sit down. Now you must know more.
Miranda:
But you always stopped and said, “No more. Not yet.”
Prospero:
Now pay attention. Can you remember a time before we came to
this cave? Then you were not quite three years old.
Miranda:
Certainly, I can.
Prospero:
What can you remember? Some other houses or persons?
Miranda:
It’s like a dream. Did I not have four or five women once to look after
me?
A scene to act out
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Prospero:
You did, Miranda. What else can you see in the past?
Miranda:
Nothing.
Prospero:
Miranda, just twelve years ago, your father was the Duke of Milan.
Miranda:
Oh, Father, tell me more.
Prospero:
My brother was called Antonio. I trusted him and asked him to look
after my kingdom. I was focusing on learning magic. He became
powerful. Then he wanted to be the real duke! Soon he opened the
gates of Milan to Alonso, the King of Naples. They put us in a boat
and left us far in the sea.
Miranda:
Why did they not kill us, then?
Prospero:
A good question, my girl. Dear, they didn’t dare. My people loved
me too much, and they didn’t want their bad deed ① to be marked
with blood.
Miranda:
How did we reach the shore?
Prospero:
Gonzalo, my friend helped. He gave us some food, fresh water, fine
clothes and books.
Miranda:
I hope to see that man someday!
Prospero:
We got to this island at last.
Miranda:
Heaven, thank you for it! And now, please—what was your reason
for raising the tempest, this sea-storm?
Prospero:
Now my enemies are near this shore. My lucky stars are shining on
me. No more questions for now.
He passes his hands across her eyes.
Prospero:
You feel sleepy. It is a good feeling.
Miranda falls asleep.
① deed 行为
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Night Thoughts is a poem by Li Bai, a famous Chinese poet in the Tang
dynasty. This poem shows Li Bai’s homesickness ①. He was longing to have a family
reunion on an autumn night, but he was not able to.
This poem is famous for its deep feelings with very few words and wonderful
rhymes ②. The poem has about 60 English translations. The following is from the
book Chinese Poetry in English Verse (1898) by Herbert A. Giles. Giles wrote many
works on Chinese language and culture.
① homesickness 乡愁 ② rhyme 押韵; 押韵词 ③ moonbeam ( 一道) 月光 ④ glitter 闪耀
⑤ hoar-frost 白霜
Night Thoughts
By Li Bai
I wake, and moonbeams ③ play around my bed,
Glittering ④ like hoar-frost ⑤ to my wandering eyes;
Up towards the glorious moon I raise my head,
Then lay me down—and thoughts of home arise.
A poem to savour
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Notes
Unit 1
1. (Page 8) In a forest live a peacock and a nightingale.
译文：森林里住着一只孔雀和一只夜莺。
注释：表示地点或方位的副词或副词短语位于句首时，句子通常采用完全倒
装。句子结构为：表示地点或方位的副词或副词短语 + 谓语 + 主语。
2. (Page 8) Without any doubt, she will be a singer in a few years.
译文：毫无疑问，几年后她会成为一名歌手。
注释：without doubt 和without any doubt 都可以表示“毫无疑问”。“in + 时
间段”一般用于将来时，相当于“时间段+ later”，表示“……之后”。
Unit 2
1. (Page 20) Always throw broken glass into the broken glass container.
译文：始终要把碎玻璃放进碎玻璃容器中。
注释：句中第一个broken glass 作宾语，第二个broken glass 作前置定语，修
饰container。
2. (Page 21) We mustn’t eat or drink in the lab.
译文：实验室中禁止饮食。
注释：句中mustn’t 表示“不准；禁止”。在否定句中， or 表示“也不”，即前
面所说的不会发生，后面所说的也不会发生。
3. (Page 22) “Hurrah!” Bob shouts happily.
译文：“好哇！”鲍勃高兴地大声喊道。
注释：hurrah 是一个表示喜悦、庆祝或激动的感叹词，意为“万岁；好哇”。它
通常用于表达高兴或兴奋之情。
Unit 3
1. (Page 35) I went there last year and saw a musical group perform Cats.
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译文：去年我去了那里，观看了一个音乐剧团表演《猫》。
注释：there 指代 the Edinburgh International Festival，即“爱丁堡国际艺术
节”。该艺术节每年八月在苏格兰首府爱丁堡举办，是世界上历史最悠久、规模最
大的国际艺术节之一。see somebody do something 表示“看到某人做了某事”。
Cats 是由韦伯作曲的音乐剧，根据艾略特为儿童写的诗集改编，1981 年伦敦首演
后引起热烈反响，成为英国有史以来最成功、连续公演最久的音乐剧。
2. (Page 40) After the meal, we watched a light show and counted down the
seconds in Times Square!
译文：餐后，我们看了一场灯光秀，并在时代广场倒计时。
注释：count down 是动词短语，表示“倒数”。而countdown 是名词，如：
New Year countdown 新年倒计时。
Unit 4
1. (Page 46) The temperature drops to three degrees Celsius.
译文：气温下降到3 摄氏度。
注释：drop to 意为“下降到……”，drop by 意为“下降了……”。Celsius（摄
氏）和Fahrenheit（华氏）是目前全世界最常用的两种温度测量单位，中国习惯用
Celsius。
2. (Page 50) The 19th of July saw an extreme heatwave in the UK.
译文：7 月19 日，英国出现了极端热浪。
注释：“表示时间的名词（短语） + see + 某事”这个结构常用于表示某个时间
发生了某件事情，如：The 1st of January saw huge celebrations around the world.
世界各地举办声势浩大的庆祝活动喜迎元旦。
3. (Page 50) In fact, the average temperature of the Earth has increased by
about 1°C since the late 1700s.
译文：事实上，自18 世纪末以来，地球的平均温度已经上升了约1 摄氏度。
注释：这句话用了现在完成时，since 是介词，意为“自从……以来”，常与时
刻、日期、年份等具体时间点连用，表示从过去某个时间点一直持续到现在。
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Unit 5
1. (Page 62) Don’t mix them up with waste foods.
译文：不要把它们和废弃食物混在一起。
注释：waste 除了作动词，表示“浪费；滥用”之外，还可以用作名词，表示
“废料；废物；弃物；垃圾”。此句中的waste 作形容词，意为“废弃的；丢弃的；无
用的”。
2. (Page 64) The government encourages people to take public transport like
buses and the MRT.
译文：政府鼓励人们乘坐公共交通工具，如公共汽车和捷运。
注释：句中encourage somebody to do something 是指“鼓励某人去做某事”。
MRT 指Mass Rapid Transport，是新加坡地铁，即“大众捷运系统”的简称，开通于
1987 年。
Unit 6
1. (Page 76) How many? I didn’t quite catch that.
译文：多少？我刚没听清楚。
注释：catch 除了表示“抓住；赶上；染上（疾病）”外，还可以表示“弄清楚；
领会；理解”的意思。当没听清或没弄懂对方刚说的话时，可以说“I didn’t quite
catch that.”，以期对方重复或解释刚才的话。
2. (Page 78) After seeing how poor people lived, he wrote tragedies like Hamlet.
译文：在见到穷人的生活后，他写下了像《哈姆雷特》这样的悲剧。
注释：句中how poor people lived 用作see 的宾语；like 用作介词，表示“例
如；像……这样的”。《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）是莎士比亚创作的四大悲剧之一，其
他三部分别为《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《李尔王》（King Lear）和《麦克白》（Macbeth）。
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Sound file
字母
示例
b
book
bulb
c
cat
electric
city
celebrate
delicious
ocean
d
duck
build
f
few
beef
g
girl
fog
German
danger
h
heat
hair
j
jump
jeans
k
kite
book
l
low
oil
m
man
room
n
near
attention
字母
示例
p
pear
hope
r
reduce
rule
s
safety
list
busy
nose
sure
sugar
t
ten
weight
v
verb
wave
w
we
firework
x
exercise
six
y
you
year
sunny
gym
by
butterfly
z
zoo
size
字母组合
示例
ch
change
lunch
Christmas
school
sh
show
fish
tch
match
watch
th
think
month
these
with
字母组合
示例
wh
who
whose
why
what
wr
wrong
write
ph
photo
elephant
gh
laugh
rough
bl
blue
black
辅音字母在单词中的读音
常见辅音字母组合在单词中的读音
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字母组合
示例
cl
clean
close
fl
flag
fly
gl
glad
glass
pl
please
plant
sl
sleep
slim
br
brown
bring
cr
cry
cream
dr
dream
hundred
fr
free
friend
gr
grow
angry
pr
price
present
tr
try
trace
ge
cabbage
garbage
dge
edge
bridge
字母组合
示例
qu
question
quiet
ng
sing
long
English
finger
nk
drink
thank
kn
knee
knowledge
gn
foreign
sign
ck
black
jacket
sc
score
biscuit
science
scissors
sk
skate
sky
desk
mask
spr
spring
spread
str
street
strange
（续表）
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Word study support
Unit 1
Word group 词汇语义网
Describing a person
playing chess
dancing
...
playing basketball
hobbies
tall
looks
beautiful
handsome
...
personalities
friendly
easy-going
confident
...
abilities
speaking good
English
playing basketball
making dumplings
...
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Keep quiet.
Keep the room
clean.
Unit 2
Word partner 常见搭配
Stand straight.
Stand clear of
the doors.
...
...
Get your books
ready before class.
Get focused
during the class.
keep
get
stand
...
Unit 3
Word partner 常见搭配
Ways of celebrating festivals
Verb
Noun/Noun phrase
watch
a film, a performance, a ballet, ...
eat
desserts, fortune cookies, traditional food, ...
wear
a party hat, a holiday sweater, a pretty dress, ...
play
a (traditional) musical instrument, songs, hide-and-seek, ...
visit
a holiday market, an amusement park, an exhibition, ...
enjoy
live music, a holiday parade, a light show, ...
taste
spring rolls, cookies, pumpkin pies, ...
make
a gift, a New Year wish, a greeting card, ...
hold
a party, a film night, a New Year’s Eve celebration, ...
take
a family photo, a cooking class, a road trip, ...
Talking about rules
Stay organised.
Stay neat.
stay
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wind
windy
Unit 4
Word group 词汇语义网
wet
humid
dry
freezing
cool
cold
boiling
hot
warm
foggy
rainy
stormy
cloudy
snowy
fog
rain
storm
cloud
snow
sun
sunny
Weather
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Unit 5
Word group 词汇语义网
Building a green
neighbourhood
plastic
uses of water
...
reduce
water
reuse
cards
...
...
recycle
newspapers
bottles
...
repair
furniture
toys
...
Unit 6
Word partner 常见搭配
hard work/cleverness/great works/...
discovering .../inventing .../publishing .../
growing .../designing .../...
for
a doctor/scientist/writer/...
as
famous/well-known
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My learning notes
support
Unit 1 Offering help
• Is there anything that I can help you with/do for you?
• Do you want me to give you a hand?
• Just ask me for any help, anytime.
• Can I be of any help to you?
• Would you like some assistance?
• If you need any help, feel free to ask me.
Unit 2 Giving orders
• Be quick/calm/careful.
• Never cheat/give up/swim alone.
• No littering/parking/fishing/running.
• Please wash hands before meals.
• Don’t make a noise/throw your books around.
• Always keep your room tidy/brush your teeth before bedtime.
• Listen carefully during the lecture.
• Remember to turn off your mobile phone during the performance.
Unit 3 Making and responding to an invitation
Making an invitation:
• I’d like to invite you to have lunch with us tomorrow.
• Would you like to play cards?
• Do you want to go to the cinema tonight?
• Do you feel like going for a walk?
• Would you like a cup of tea?
• What about a cup of tea?
• Would you be interested in going to the movies tonight?
• Why don’t you have lunch with me tomorrow?
• How about joining me for a walk?
Responding to an invitation:
Accepting an invitation:
• Thank you for your kind invitation.
• I’d love to, thanks.
• I’ll be glad to do so.
• Thanks. I’d like that very much.
• That’s a great idea.
(to be continued)
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• It’s very nice of you.
• Many thanks for your kind invitation. I’ll join you.
• Sure. Thank you.
• With pleasure!
• Thanks for inviting me to dinner.
Refusing an invitation:
• I’m sorry to refuse your invitation.
• Sorry, I can’t. I have to work.
• Thanks for your invitation, but I’m busy now.
• I’m afraid I won’t be able to come.
• I’m afraid I am busy tomorrow.
• Sorry, I’d love to, but I have an appointment.
• I really don’t think I can. Sorry!
• That’s very kind of you, but I can’t accept your invitation.
Unit 4 Responding to suggestions
• What a good idea!
• Sounds great.
• Yes, I’d like to.
• Well, I’d rather ...
• I don’t feel like it.
Unit 5 Giving encouragement
• You are doing a great job.
• It sounds like a good idea.
• Keep going and you’ll do an awesome job.
• You’re making a big change and I’m so proud of you!
Unit 6 Asking for repetition
In a formal way:
• Could you please say/repeat it one more time?
In a less formal way:
• Pardon?
• Can you say that again?
(continued)
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Grammar file
Unit 1
The future: will will 表示将来时态
Affirmative 肯定
I/You/We/They/He/She/It
will
have a spring outing next week.
Negative 否定
I/You/We/They/He/She/It
will not (won’t)
sleep late tomorrow.
Question 疑问
Yes/No question 一般疑问句
Answer 答句
Will
I/you/we/
they/he/she/it
have a good time?
Yes, I/you/we/they/he/she/it will.
No, I/you/we/they/he/she/it won’t.
Wh- question 特殊疑问句
What
will
you do tomorrow?
When
the play start?
Where
she go next year?
We use will to:
含有will 的一般将来时用于：
1 guess future events. We often use it with words like probably or I (don’t) think.
预测将来可能发生的事情，常与probably、I (don’t) think 等连用。
e.g. I won’t be a singer.
She’ll probably be a doctor in the future.
I think Tom will win the game.
2 make a decision at the time of speaking.
表示在说话时对未来做出的决定。
e.g. “What talent show will you watch?” “I’ll watch The Butterfly Lovers.”
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Will and be going to
will 与be going to 的用法区别
• Predictions 预测
1 We usually use be going to to make predictions based on evidence that we can see
or feel.
be going to 多表示基于所见、所感做出的预测。
e.g. Look at the dark clouds! It’s going to rain soon.
2 We usually use will to predict what we think or guess will happen.
will 多表示认为或猜测这个事件将会发生。
e.g. I think it will rain soon.
• Decisions 决定
1 We usually use be going to when we have already decided to do something.
be going to 多表示已经做出的决定。
e.g. “Your room is untidy.” “Yes, I know. I’m going to tidy it.”
2 We usually use will when we make a decision at the moment of speaking.
will 多表示说话时做出的决定。
e.g. “Look at your room! It’s untidy.” “OK, I’ll tidy it.”
Demonstrative pronouns 指示代词
Near 近指
Not near 远指
Singular form
单数形式
this
that
Plural form
复数形式
these
those
We use this and these to talk about things near us.
this 和these 用于表示“近指”。
e.g. This is my book. (The book is near me.)
These books are new. (The books are near the speaker.)
We use that and those to talk about things not near us.
that 和those 用于表示“远指”。
e.g. That is my father. (My father isn’t near me.)
Those people are very nice. (The people aren’t near the speaker.)
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Unit 2
The imperative 祈使语气
Structure 结构
Example 示例
Affirmative
肯定
Starting with the base form
of a verb or be
用动词原形或be 开头
Jump into the pool and you can learn
to swim.
Speak loudly!
Negative
否定
Do not/Don’t/Never + the
base form of a verb or be
用Do not/Don’t/Never 加
动词原形或加be 开头
Do not jump into the pool. It’s cold
and dangerous.
Don’t speak when your teacher is
talking.
We use imperative sentences to make a command, a warning, a suggestion, an offer
or an instruction. They can end with a full stop or an exclamation mark.
祈使句可用于命令、警告、建议、提议或指令。结尾用句号或感叹号。
A command
命令
Come here and look at this!
Be quiet, please! I’m working.
A warning
警告
Don’t enter this room!
Don’t be late again.
A suggestion
建议
Let’s go out together.
Let’s stay at home.
An offer
提议
Let me help you.
An instruction
指令
Read the lab rules carefully.
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The modal verb: must, mustn’t 情态动词must, mustn’t
Affirmative 肯定
I/You/We/They/He/She
must
do the experiment carefully.
Negative 否定
I/You/We/They/He/She
mustn’t
go to sleep too late at night.
Question 疑问
Yes/No question 一般疑问句
Answer 答句
Must
I
finish the work
by 7 p.m.?
Yes, you must.
No, you needn’t.
we
Yes, we/you must.
No, we/you needn’t.
they/he/she
Yes, they/he/she must.
No, they/he/she needn’t.
Wh- question 特殊疑问句
What
must
we do this evening?
When
she go to school?
Where
they go after school?
1 We use must and mustn’t to talk or ask about an obligation.
must 和mustn’t 用于谈论或询问义务或职责。
• talk about an obligation 谈论义务或职责
Must is similar to have to.
must 与have to 意义相近。
e.g. You must be there at nine o’clock.
We must write in black ink.
Mustn’t is similar to can’t.
mustn’t 与can’t 意义相近。
e.g. You mustn’t run in the school.
We mustn’t bring our phones to school.
• ask about an obligation 询问义务或职责
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We usually use Do I have to ...?, not Must I ...? in this case.
此时，多用“Do I have to ...?”，而很少用“Must I ...?”。
e.g. Do I have to arrive at school before 8 a.m.?
Do I have to write in black ink?
2 We use must and mustn’t to make rules and give orders.
must 和mustn’t 用于制定规则和发布指令。
e.g. You must keep quiet in the reading room.
You mustn’t be late for the meeting.
Unit 3
Past simple 一般过去时
Affirmative 肯定
I/You/We/They/He/She/It
attended
the opening ceremony.
I/He/She/It
was
happy about the results.
You/We/They
were
on the stage.
Negative 否定
I/You/We/They/He/She/It
did not (didn’t) attend
the opening ceremony.
I/He/She/It
was not (wasn’t)
happy about the results.
You/We/They
were not (weren’t)
on the stage.
Question 疑问
Yes/No question 一般疑问句
Answer 答句
Did
I/you/we/
they/he/she/it
attend the
opening
ceremony?
Yes, I/you/we/they/he/she/it did.
No, I/you/we/they/he/she/it didn’t.
Was
I/he/she/it
happy about the
results?
Yes, I/he/she/it was.
No, I/he/she/it wasn’t.
Were
you/we/they
on the stage?
Yes, you/we/they were.
No, you/we/they weren’t.
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Wh- question 特殊疑问句
What
did
you
do yesterday?
When
he
send the email to his sister?
Where
they
celebrate the festival?
We use the past simple to:
一般过去时用于：
1 talk about actions that happened in the past. We often use yesterday and
expressions with ago in the past simple sentences.
谈论过去发生的行为动作，句中常用yesterday 和含有ago 的短语。
e.g. I ate mooncakes yesterday.
I read the story about Chang’e a long time ago.
2 talk about past habits and states.
描述过去的习惯和状态。
e.g. My family spent the Spring Festival in the countryside when I was young.
In the past, many people set off fireworks during the holidays.
Spelling rules for the past form of regular verbs
规则动词过去式拼写规则
Verb 动词
Form 形式
Example 示例
most verbs
大多数动词
+ ed
加ed
walk
walked
verbs ending in e
以e 结尾的动词
+ d
加d
live
lived
most verbs ending in a vowel
and a consonant
大多数以“元音字母+ 辅音字
母”结尾的动词
double the consonant
+ ed
双写辅音字母再加ed
stop
stopped
verbs ending in a consonant + y
以辅音字母加y 结尾的动词
y + ied
将y 变为i，加ed
cry
cried
\
（续表）
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Pronunciation rules for the past form of regular verbs
规则动词过去式读音规则
Verbs ending in a
vowel sound or a
voiced consonant:
ed sounds like /d/
以元音或浊辅音结尾：
ed 发 /d/
Verbs ending in a
voiceless consonant:
ed sounds like /t/
以清辅音结尾：ed 发
/t/
Verbs ending in the
sound /t/ or /d/:
ed sounds like /Id/
以/t/ 或/d/ 结尾：ed 发
/Id/
played listened
stayed changed
worked washed
watched stopped
rested wanted
started needed
Unit 4
Preparatory it it 作形式主语
1 We use it for time, day & date, season, weather, temperature or distance.
it 用于指代时间、星期、日期、季节、天气、温度或距离。
Time
时间
—What time is it?
—It’s half past ten.
It’s late. It’s time to listen to the weather forecast.
Day & Date
星期和日期
—What day is it (today)? —It’s Thursday.
It’s 16 September. It was my birthday yesterday.
Season
季节
—What season is it now?
—It’s spring now.
Weather
天气
It’s raining./It isn’t raining./Is it snowing?
It rains a lot here./It didn’t rain here.
Does it snow very often here?
It’s warm/hot/cold/fine/cloudy/windy/sunny/foggy/ ...
It’s a nice day today.
Temperature
温度
It is 28 degrees Celsius today.
It reached 42 degrees Celsius in this area.
Distance
距离
It’s three kilometres from our home to the city centre.
How far is it from the weather satellite to the Earth?
It’s a long walk from here to the bus stop.
We can walk home. It’s not far.
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Unit 5
Modal verbs: can, could, may, should, must
情态动词：can, could, may, should, must
Modal verbs belong to auxiliary verbs and cannot be used alone. They need to form
the predicate of a sentence together with the base form of the verb.
情态动词属于助动词，不能单独使用，需要和其后的动词原形一起构成句子的谓语。
can
Function 功能
Example 示例
to say one has the ability to do
something
表示能力
I can use plastic bottles to make
works of art.
to give advice or make
suggestions
提供劝告或建议
We can tell people to put plastic
bottles in the recycling bin.
to ask someone to do something
or give you something
表达询问或请求
Can you help me with this box?
Can I have a bottle of water,
please?
to show that somebody is allowed
to do something
表示允许
The battery is full. Can I unplug the
charger?
You can’t litter here.
2 We use it in the sentence pattern It’s (It is) + adj. + to-infinitive to show our
feelings about something or doing something.
it 还用于“It’s (It is) + 形容词 + 含有to 的动词不定式”的结构中，表示对某物、
某事的感受。
It’s/
It is
easy/difficult/impossible/dangerous/safe/expensive/
interesting/nice/wonderful/terrible/ ...
to do ...
In this pattern, the to-infinitive part is the real subject of the sentence. Since the part
is a bit too long, we usually use preparatory it instead and put the to-infinitive part
at the end of the sentence.
在这个句型中，带to 的动词不定式是句子真正的主语。由于这个部分比较长，通
常被置于句末，而使用it 充当形式主语。
e.g. It’s nice to do the weather experiment.
It’s impossible to travel in the weather balloon.
It wasn’t easy to predict weather in the past.
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could
Function 功能
Example 示例
to say one had the ability to do
something
表示过去所具备的能力
Jane could make a cloth bag out of
her old green T-shirt at the age of
seven.
to ask if you can do something
表达询问或请求
Could I open the window to make
the room bright?
to give advice or make
suggestions
提供劝告或建议
We could save paper by writing on
both sides.
may
Function 功能
Example 示例
to say that something is possible
表达可能性
I may be late for the school
cleaning activity.
to ask politely if you can do
something
表达礼貌的询问或请求
May I turn off the lights?
to say that someone is allowed to
do something
表达许可
You may go there by underground
rather than by car.
should
Function 功能
Example 示例
to correct people
纠正他人
A: Mary is a good typewriter.
B: You should say “typist”.
to give advice or make
suggestions
提供劝告或建议
We should take a shower instead of
a bath to save water.
must
Function 功能
Example 示例
to talk or ask about an obligation
谈论或询问义务
We must always be careful with
electricity.
to make rules and give orders
制定规则和发布指令
You must not park in front of the
entrance.
to say that something is logically
very likely
表示“肯定”的猜测
You must be tired after a long walk.
（续表）
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Unit 6
There + be 存现句
Affirmative 肯定
Full form
完整形式
Short form
缩略形式
Example
示例
Singular form
单数形式
there is
there’s
There is/There’s a vegetable garden
in my neighbourhood.
Plural form
复数形式
there are
there’re
There are/There’re millions of
Shakespeare fans.
Negative 否定
Full form
完整形式
Short form
缩略形式
Example
示例
Singular form
单数形式
there is
not
there isn’t
There is not/There isn’t much snow in
Shanghai in winter.
Plural form
复数形式
there are
not
there aren’t
There are not/aren’t enough tickets
for the film Madam Ye.
Question 疑问
Yes/No question 一般疑问句
Answer 答句
Is there
a lecture in the hall this afternoon?
Yes, there is.
No, there isn’t.
Are there
many museums in your hometown?
Yes, there are.
No, there aren’t.
• We use there + be to say that something exists in space or time.
存现句用于表示事物在时空中的存在。
e.g. There is a book about Shakespeare on the table.
There is a drama, Hamlet, this Wednesday.
• We use have to say someone owns something.
表示人对物的所有时用have。
e.g. She has many books by Lu Xun, Lao She and other great writers.
• We use there is before uncountable nouns (e.g. water, milk) or singular countable
nouns (e.g. a pencil, an apple) and we use there are before plural countable nouns
(e.g. houses, oranges).
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there is 用于不可数名词（如water，milk）或单数可数名词（如a pencil，an
apple）前。复数可数名词（如houses，oranges）前用there are。
e.g. There is little information on the Nobel Prize winner this year.
There is a collection of biographies in his study.
There are several science fiction films on show tonight.
• In there + be sentences, the true subject (not there) follows the verb be.
存现句中，句子真正的主语位于be 动词后，而不是there。
e.g. There is a pencil, two rulers and three books on the scientist’s desk.
There are three books, two rulers and a pencil on the scientist’s desk.
• We use there the first time we talk about something. We use it or they after that.
存现句中呈现的首次提及的事物在后续用it 或they 指代。
e.g. A: Is there a lecture in the hall this afternoon?
B: Yes, there is. It starts at 2 p.m.
A: Are there any museums on Sunshine Road?
B: Yes, there are many. They are open from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m.
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Words and expressions
in each unit
Unit 1
different /9dIfrRnt/ adj. 不平常；
与众不同；不同的；有区别的
p. 2
notice /9nRWtIs/ v. 注意
p. 4
n. 通知；注意
swan /swBn/ n. 天鹅
p. 4
partner /9pA:tnR(r)/ n. 搭档；同伴 p. 4
slim /slIm/ adj. 苗条的；纤细的
p. 4
fat /fæt/ adj. 肥的；胖的
p. 4
curly /9kF:li/ adj. 卷曲状的
p. 4
straight /streIt/ adj. 直的
p. 4
T-shirt /9ti: SF:t/ n. T 恤衫；
短袖汗衫
p. 4
jeans /dZi:nz/ n. (pl.) 牛仔裤
p. 4
size /saIz/ n. 大小；尺码
p. 5
shape /SeIp/ n. 形状；外形
p. 5
skin /skIn/ n. 皮肤
p. 5
special /9speSl/ adj. 特殊的；
特别的
p. 5
number /9nVmbR(r)/ n. 编号；数字；
数量
p. 5
than /ðCn; ðRn/ prep. 比
p. 5
fair /feR(r)/ adj. （头发或皮肤）
浅色的；白皙的
p. 5
talent /9tælRnt/ n. 天才；天赋
p. 6
programme (AmE program)
/9prRWGræm/ n. 节目单；计划；
方案；活动安排
p. 6
hall /hO:l/ n. 礼堂；大厅
p. 6
butterfly /9bVtRflaI/ n. 蝴蝶
p. 6
violin /0vaIR9lIn/ n. 小提琴
p. 6
host /hRWst/ n. 节目主持人
p. 6
sound /saWnd/ v. 听起来
n. 声音
p. 6
excite /Ik9saIt/ v. 使激动；使兴奋
p. 6
exciting /Ik9saItIN/ adj. 令人兴奋的；
令人激动的
p. 6
anything /9eniPIN/ pron. 任何东西；
任何事物
p. 6
someone /9sVmwVn/ pron.
（= somebody）某人
p. 6
drum /drVm/ v. 打鼓
n. 鼓
p. 7
voice /vOIs/ n. 嗓音；说话声；
歌唱声
p. 7
person /9pF:sn/ n. 人；个人
p. 7
hobby /9hBbi/ n. 业余爱好
p. 7
personality /0pF:sR9nClRti/ n.
性格；个性
p. 7
ability /R9bIlRti/ n. 才能；本领；
能力
p. 7
easy-going /0i:zi 9GRWIN/ adj.
随和的
p. 7
accept /Rk9sept/ v. 接受；同意
p. 8
peacock /9pi:kBk/ n. 孔雀
p. 8
wise /waIz/ adj. 充满智慧的；
明智的
p. 8
nightingale /9naItINGeIl/ n. 夜莺 p. 8
without /wI9ðaWt/ prep. 没有；
缺乏
p. 8
doubt /daWt/ n. 疑惑；疑问
p. 8
laugh /lA:f/ v. 笑；发笑
p. 8
laugh at 嘲笑
p. 8
smile /smaIl/ v. 微笑；笑
p. 8
feather /9feðR(r)/ n. 羽毛
p. 8
colourful /9kVlRfl/ adj. 颜色鲜艳的；
五彩缤纷的
p. 8
future /9fju:tSR(r)/ n. 将来；未来 p. 8
pat /pæt/ v. 轻拍
p. 8
skill /skIl/ n. 技巧；技艺
p. 8
unique /ju9ni:k/ adj. 唯一的；
独一无二的
p. 8
注：本词表中粗体词为课标三级词汇表中收录的初中阶段基本词汇。
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mean /mi:n/ v. 意思是
p. 12
noticeboard /9nRWtIsbO:d/ n.
布告栏；布告板
p. 12
would /wWd/ modal v. （客气地
建议或邀请）将；将会
p. 12
Unit 2
rule /ru:l/ n. 规则；规章
p. 16
underground /9VndRGraWnd/ n.
地铁；地下铁路系统
p. 18
lean /li:n/ v. 倚靠；倾斜
p. 18
litter /9lItR(r)/ v. 乱扔
n. 垃圾；废弃物
p. 18
gap /Gæp/ n. 缺口；间隙
p. 18
else /els/ adv. 其他的；别的
p. 18
escalator /9eskRleItR(r)/ n.
自动扶梯
p. 18
station /9steISn/ n. 车站；
（服务）台
p. 18
announcement /R9naWnsmRnt/ n.
公告；通告
p. 19
passenger /9pæsIndZR(r)/ n. 乘客；
旅客
p. 19
lift /lIft/ n. 电梯；升降机
p. 19
platform /9plætfO:m/ n. 站台
p. 19
line /laIn/ n. 线；线条
p. 19
rush /rVS/ v. 迅速移动；急促
p. 19
smoke /smRWk/ v. 吸烟；抽烟
p. 19
seat /si:t/ n. 座位
p. 19
anyone /9eniwVn/ pron. 任何人 p. 19
leave /li:v/ v. 留下；离开
p. 20
rubbish /9rVbIS/ n. 垃圾；废弃物 p. 20
glove /GlVv/ n. 手套
p. 20
broken /9brRWkRn/ adj. 破损的；
伤残的
p. 20
container /kRn9teInR(r)/ n. 容器
p. 20
ready /9redi/ adj. 准备好；准备完毕
p. 21
follow /9fBlRW/ v. 遵循；跟随
p. 21
stay /steI/ v. 保持；继续是
p. 21
grow /GrRW/ v. 逐渐变得；逐渐
成为
p. 21
important /Im9pO:tnt/ adj.
重要的；有重大影响的
p. 22
take turns 轮流；依次
p. 22
hurrah /hR9rA:/ excl. 万岁；好哇 p. 22
model /9mBdl/ n. 模型
p. 22
pay /peI/ v. （与某些名词结合使
用，表示将要做或将付出某事物） p. 22
attention /R9tenSn/ n. 注意；
关注
p. 22
pay attention to ( 对某人或某事）
注意
p. 22
dream /dri:m/ n. 梦；梦想
p. 22
outing /9aWtIN/ n. （集体）出外游
玩（或学习）；远足
p. 26
gate /GeIt/ n. 大门
p. 26
Unit 3
festival /9festIvl/ n. 节日
p. 30
across /R9krBs/ prep. & adv.
横过；穿过
p. 30
culture /9kVltSR(r)/ n. 文化
p. 30
luck /lVk/ n. 机遇；命运；运气
p. 32
spring roll /0sprIN 9rRWl/ n. 春卷
p. 32
porridge /9pBrIdZ/ n. 粥
p. 32
lucky /9lVki/ adj. 有好运的；
运气好的；幸运的
p. 32
click /klIk/ v. （在计算机屏幕上
用鼠标）点击，单击
p. 32
eve /i:v/ n. 前夜；前夕
p. 33
tradition /trR9dISn/ n. 传统
p. 33
country /9kVntri/ n. 国家
p. 33
wealth /welP/ n. 钱财；财富
p. 33
hope /hRWp/ v. 希望；期望（某事
发生）
p. 33
pass /pA:s/ v. 给；递；传递
p. 33
pass on 传递；转交；（用后）递给，
传给
p. 33
midnight /9mIdnaIt/ n. 午夜
p. 33
international /0IntR9næSnRl/ adj.
国际的
p. 34
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event /I9vent/ n. 公开活动；发生
的事情
p. 34
square /skweR(r)/ n. 广场
p. 34
symphony /9sImfRni/ n. 交响乐；
交响曲
p. 34
theatre (AmE theater) /9PIRtR(r)/ n.
戏院；剧场；露天剧场
p. 34
firework /9faIRwF:k/ n. 烟火；烟花
p. 34
concert /9kBnsRt/ n. 音乐会；
演奏会
p. 34
prince /prIns/ n. 王子
p. 34
check /tSek/ v. 查明；查看；核实；
弄确实
p. 34
check out 察看，观察（有趣或
有吸引力的人或事物）
p. 34
information /0InfR9meISn/ n.
信息；消息；情报；资料；资讯
p. 34
since /sIns/ prep. 自……以来；
自……以后
p. 34
performance /pR9fO:mRns/ n. 表演
p. 34
really /9ri:Rli/ adv. 事实上；真正地
p. 35
musical /9mju:zIkl/ adj. 音乐的
n. 音乐剧
p. 35
perform /pR9fO:m/ v. 表演；演出 p. 35
invite /In9vaIt/ v. 邀请
p. 35
celebrate /9selIbreIt/ v. 庆祝；庆贺
p. 36
calendar /9kClIndR(r)/ n. 日历；
历法
p. 36
lunar calendar 农历
p. 36
reunion /0ri:9ju:niRn/ n. 重逢；
团聚
p. 36
full /fWl/ adj. 满的
p. 36
post /pRWst/ v. 发帖；寄；邮寄
p. 36
mostly /9mRWstli/ adv. 主要地；
一般地；通常
p. 36
tonight /tR9naIt/ adv. 今晚
p. 36
harvest /9hA:vIst/ n. 收获；
收获季节
p. 36
traditional /trR9dISRnl/ adj. 传统的；
习俗的
p. 36
nut /nVt/ n. 坚果
p. 36
sugar /9SWGR(r)/ n. 食糖
p. 36
experience /Ik9spIRriRns/ n. 经历；
经验
p. 40
meal /mi:l/ n. 早（或午、晚）餐；
一顿饭
p. 40
count /kaWnt/ v. 数数；计算
p. 40
Unit 4
search /sF:tS/ v. 搜索；搜寻；搜查；
查找
p. 46
airport /9eRpO:t/ n. 机场
p. 46
location /lRW9keISn/ n. 地方；地点；
位置
p. 46
capital /9kæpItl/ n. 首都；国都
p. 46
wet /wet/ adj. 湿的；潮湿的
p. 46
foggy /9fBGi/ adj. 有雾的
p. 46
north /nO:P/ n. 北；北方
adv. 向北；朝北
p. 46
quite /kwaIt/ adv. 相当；非常
p. 46
temperature /9temprRtSR(r)/ n.
温度；气温
p. 46
drop /drBp/ v. 降低；减少
p. 46
degree /dI9Gri:/ n. 度；度数
p. 46
Celsius /9selsiRs/ adj. 摄氏的
p. 46
dry /draI/ adj. 干的；干燥的
p. 46
south /saWP/ n. 南部；南方
adv. 向南；朝南
p. 46
still /stIl/ adv. 还；仍然
p. 46
wind /wInd/ n. 风
p. 47
cloud /klaWd/ n. 云；云朵
p. 47
fog /fBG/ n. 雾
p. 47
skate /skeIt/ v. 滑冰；溜冰
p. 48
picnic /9pIknIk/ n. 野餐
p. 48
sunshine /9sVnSaIn/ n. 阳光；日光p. 49
hate /heIt/ v. 讨厌；憎恶
p. 49
extreme /Ik9stri:m/ adj. 极度的；
极大的
p. 50
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news /nju:z/ n. 媒体对重要事情
的报道；新闻
p. 50
heat /hi:t/ n. 热；高温
p. 50
wave /weIv/ n. 海浪；波浪
p. 50
heatwave /9hi:tweIv/ n. 酷热期；
热浪
p. 50
hit /hIt/ v. 达到（某水平）
p. 50
several /9sevrRl/ det. & pron.
几个；数个
p. 50
break /breIk/ v. 打破；破；裂；碎 p. 50
record /9rekO:d/ n. 纪录；记录
/rI9kO:d/ v. 记录
p. 50
reach /ri:tS/ v. 增加到；达到
p. 50
break out 突然开始；爆发
p. 50
area /9eRriR/ n. （地方、城市、
国家、世界的）地区，地域
p. 50
runway /9rVnweI/ n. 飞机跑道
p. 50
action /9ækSn/ n. 行动；行为过程p. 50
pupil /9pju:pl/ n. 学生；小学生
p. 50
uniform /9ju:nIfO:m/ n. 制服；
校服
p. 50
indoors /0In9dO:z/ adv. 在室内
p. 50
leaf /li:f/ n. (pl. leaves) 叶子
p. 50
fact /fækt/ n. 现实；实际情况
p. 50
in fact 事实上
p. 50
average /9CvRrIdZ/ adj. 平均的
p. 50
increase /In9kri:s/ v. 增长；增加 p. 50
coal /kRWl/ n. 煤
p. 50
cause /kO:z/ v. 引起；使发生
n. 原因；事业
p. 50
worse /wF:s/ adj. （bad 的比较级）
更差的；更糟的
p. 50
soon /su:n/ adv. 很快；马上；不久p. 54
regards /rI9GA:dz/ n. (pl.) 致意；
问候
p. 54
Unit 5
neighbourhood (AmE neighborhood)
/9neIbRhWd/ n. 街区；邻近的地方
p. 58
build /bIld/ v. 创建；建造
p. 60
reduce /rI9dju:s/ v. 减少；缩小
p. 60
reuse /0ri:9ju:z/ v. 重复使用
p. 60
recycle /0ri:9saIkl/ v. 回收利用
p. 60
bottle /9bBtl/ n. 瓶子
p. 60
repair /rI9peR(r)/ v. 修理；修补
p. 60
item /9aItRm/ n. 一件物品
p. 60
sort /sO:t/ v. 整理；把……分类
p. 60
cloth /klBP/ n. 织物；布料
p. 60
pick /pIk/ v. 拿起；挑选；选择
p. 60
pick up 捡起；拾起
p. 60
plastic /9plæstIk/ adj. 塑料的
n. 塑料
p. 61
waste /weIst/ n. 废物；垃圾
v. 浪费；滥用
p. 61
electricity /I0lek9trIsRti/ n. 电；
电能
p. 61
tap /tæp/ n. 水龙头
p. 62
brush /brVS/ v. （用刷子）刷净，
刷亮，刷平顺
p. 62
tooth /tu:P/ n. (pl. teeth) 牙；齿 p. 62
bin /bIn/ n. 垃圾箱
p. 62
save /seIv/ v. 节省；节约；救
p. 62
mix /mIks/ v. 混合；融合
p. 62
reusable /0ri:9ju:zRbl/ adj. 可重复
使用的；可再次使用的
p. 63
store /stO:(r)/ n. 商店；店铺
p. 63
even /9i:vn/ adv. （强调出乎意料）
甚至，连，即使
p. 63
huge /hju:dZ/ adj. 巨大的；
极多的；程度高的
p. 64
government /9GVvRnmRnt/ n.
政府；内阁
p. 64
encourage /In9kVrIdZ/ v. 支持；
鼓励； 激励
p. 64
public /9pVblIk/ adj. 公共的；
公立的
p. 64
transport /9trænspO:t/ n. 交通车辆；
旅行方式
p. 64
environmental /In0vaIrRn9mentl/
adj. 环境的
p. 64
electric /I9lektrIk/ adj. 电的；
电动的
p. 64
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building /9bIldIN/ n. 建筑物；房子；
楼房
p. 64
low /lRW/ adj. 低于平均水平的；
低的；矮的
p. 64
energy /9enRdZi/ n. 能源
p. 64
low-energy /lRW 9enRdZi/ adj.
低能耗的
p. 64
however /haW9evR(r)/ adv. 然而 p. 64
alone /R9lRWn/ adv. 独自
p. 64
planet /9plænIt/ n. 行星
p. 64
mankind /mæn9kaInd/ n. 人类
p. 64
daily /9deIli/ adj. 每日的；日常的 p. 68
Unit 6
changer /9tSeIndZR(r)/ n. 改变者；
改进者
p. 74
scientist /9saIRntIst/ n. 科学家
p. 74
change /tSeIndZ/ v. & n. 改变；
变化
p. 74
publish /9pVblIS/ v. 出版；发行
p. 74
theory /9PIRri/ n. 学说；理论
p. 74
invent /In9vent/ v. 发明；创造
p. 74
inexpensive /0InIk9spensIv/ adj.
廉价的；不昂贵的
p. 74
bulb /bVlb/ n. 电灯泡
p. 74
discover /dI9skVvR(r)/ v. 发现
p. 74
general /9dZenrRl/ adj. 全体的；普遍
的；总的
p. 74
smart /smA:t/ adj. 聪明的；机敏的
p. 75
inventor /In9ventR(r)/ n. 发明者；
发明家
p. 75
real /9ri:Rl/ adj. 真正的
p. 75
power /9paWR(r)/ n. 电；电力供应p. 75
power station 发电站；发电厂
p. 75
die /daI/ v. 死亡
p. 75
successful /sRk9sesfl/ adj. 达到
目的的；有成效的；获得成功的
p. 75
invention /In9venSn/ n. 发明；创造
p. 75
saver /9seIvR(r)/ n. 救助者；救星 p. 76
medicine /9medsn/ n. 医学；药
p. 76
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
中医药
p. 76
spend /spend/ v. 花（时间）；度过p. 76
sick /sIk/ adj. 生病的；有病的
p. 76
penicillin /0penI9sIlIn/ n. 青霉素；
盘尼西林
p. 76
soldier /9sRWldZR(r)/ n. 军人；士兵
p. 76
lose /lu:z/ v. 遗失；丢失
p. 76
admire /Rd9maIR(r)/ v. 钦佩；赞赏；
仰慕
p. 76
herb /hF:b/ n. 药草；香草
p. 76
pardon /9pA:dn/ excl. 请再说一遍p. 77
pain /peIn/ n. 疼痛
p. 77
beg /beG/ v. 乞讨；乞求
p. 77
beg your pardon 请原谅；请再说
一遍
p. 77
storyteller /9stO:ritelR(r)/ n. 讲故事
的人
p. 78
poem /9pRWIm/ n. 诗
p. 78
act /ækt/ v. 表演
n. 行为
p. 78
poor /pO:(r)/ adj. 贫穷的
p. 78
tragedy /9trædZRdi/ n. 悲剧；
悲剧作品
p. 78
create /kri9eIt/ v. 创造；创作
p. 78
character /9kærRktR(r)/ n. 角色
p. 78
stage /steIdZ/ n. 舞台
p. 78
million /9mIljRn/ num. 一百万
p. 78
millions of 数以百万计的；很多
p. 78
mark /mA:k/ v. 做记号；做标记
n. 标记；记号
p. 82
level /9levl/ n. 水平；标准
p. 82
until /Rn9tIl/ conj. （= till）直到……
为止
p. 82
weigh /weI/ v. 称重量；权衡
p. 82
weight /weIt/ n. 重量；分量
p. 82
stamp /stæmp/ n. 邮票
p. 85
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Words and expressions
in alphabetical order
A
ability /R9bIlRti/ n. 才能；本领；能力U1
accept /Rk9sept/ v. 接受；同意
U1
across /R9krBs/ prep. & adv. 横过；
穿过
U3
act /ækt/ v. 表演
n. 行为
U6
action /9ækSn/ n. 行动；行为过程
U4
admire /Rd9maIR(r)/ v. 钦佩；赞赏；
仰慕
U6
airport /9eRpO:t/ n. 机场
U4
alone /R9lRWn/ adv. 独自
U5
announcement /R9naWnsmRnt/ n.
公告；通告
U2
anyone /9eniwVn/ pron. 任何人
U2
anything /9eniPIN/ pron. 任何东西；
任何事物
U1
area /9eRriR/ n. （地方、城市、国家、
世界的）地区，地域
U4
attention /R9tenSn/ n. 注意；关注
U2
average /9CvRrIdZ/ adj. 平均的
U4
B
beg /beG/ v. 乞讨; 乞求
U6
beg your pardon 请原谅；请再说
一遍
U6
bin /bIn/ n. 垃圾箱
U5
bottle /9bBtl/ n. 瓶子
U5
break /breIk/ v. 打破；破；裂；碎
U4
break out 突然开始；爆发
U4
broken /9brRWkRn/ adj. 破损的；
伤残的
U2
brush /brVS/ v. （用刷子）刷净，刷亮，
刷平顺
U5
build /bIld/ v. 创建；建造
U5
building /9bIldIN/ n. 建筑物；房子；
楼房
U5
bulb /bVlb/ n. 电灯泡
U6
butterfly /9bVtRflaI/ n. 蝴蝶
U1
C
calendar /9kClIndR(r)/ n. 日历；
历法
U3
capital /9kæpItl/ n. 首都；国都
U4
cause /kO:z/ v. 引起；使发生
n. 原因；事业
U4
celebrate /9selIbreIt/ v. 庆祝；庆贺 U3
Celsius /9selsiRs/ adj. 摄氏的
U4
change /tSeIndZ/ v. & n. 改变；
变化
U6
changer /9tSeIndZR(r)/ n. 改变者；
改进者
U6
character /9kærRktR(r)/ n. 角色
U6
check /tSek/ v. 查明；查看；核实；
弄确实
U3
check out 察看，观察（有趣或有
吸引力的人或事物）
U3
click /klIk/ v. （在计算机屏幕上用
鼠标）点击，单击
U3
cloth /klBP/ n. 织物；布料
U5
cloud /klaWd/ n. 云；云朵
U4
coal /kRWl/ n. 煤
U4
colourful /9kVlRfl/ adj. 颜色鲜艳的；
五彩缤纷的
U1
concert /9kBnsRt/ n. 音乐会；
演奏会
U3
container /kRn9teInR(r)/ n. 容器
U2
count /kaWnt/ v. 数数；计算
U3
country /9kVntri/ n. 国家
U3
create /kri9eIt/ v. 创造；创作
U6
culture /9kVltSR(r)/ n. 文化
U3
curly /9kF:li/ adj. 卷曲状的
U1
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D
daily /9deIli/ adj. 每日的；日常的
U5
degree /dI9Gri:/ n. 度；度数
U4
die /daI/ v. 死亡
U6
different /9dIfrRnt/ adj. 不平常；与众
不同；不同的；有区别的
U1
discover /dI9skVvR(r)/ v. 发现
U6
doubt /daWt/ n. 疑惑；疑问
U1
dream /dri:m/ n. 梦；梦想
U2
drop /drBp/ v. 降低；减少
U4
drum /drVm/ v. 打鼓
n. 鼓
U1
dry /draI/ adj. 干的；干燥的
U4
E
easy-going /0i:zi 9GRWIN/ adj.
随和的
U1
electric /I9lektrIk/ adj. 电的；
电动的
U5
electricity /I0lek9trIsRti/ n. 电；
电能
U5
else /els/ adv. 其他的；别的
U2
encourage /In9kVrIdZ/ v. 支持；
鼓励；激励
U5
energy /9enRdZi/ n. 能源
U5
environmental /In0vaIrRn9mentl/
adj. 环境的
U5
escalator /9eskRleItR(r)/ n.
自动扶梯
U2
eve /i:v/ n. 前夜；前夕
U3
even /9i:vn/ adv. （强调出乎意料）
甚至，连，即使
U5
event /I9vent/ n. 公开活动；发生的
事情
U3
excite /Ik9saIt/ v. 使激动；使兴奋
U1
exciting /Ik9saItIN/ adj. 令人兴奋的；
令人激动的
U1
experience /Ik9spIRriRns/ n. 经历；
经验
U3
extreme /Ik9stri:m/ adj. 极度的；
极大的
U4
F
fact /fækt/ n. 现实；实际情况
U4
fair /feR(r)/ adj. （头发或皮肤）
浅色的；白皙的
U1
fat /fæt/ adj. 肥的；胖的
U1
feather /9feðR(r)/ n. 羽毛
U1
festival /9festIvl/ n. 节日
U3
firework /9faIRwF:k/ n. 烟火；烟花 U3
fog /fBG/ n. 雾
U4
foggy /9fBGi/ adj. 有雾的
U4
follow /9fBlRW/ v. 遵循；跟随
U2
full /fWl/ adj. 满的
U3
future /9fju:tSR(r)/ n. 将来；未来
U1
G
gap /Gæp/ n. 缺口；间隙
U2
gate /GeIt/ n. 大门
U2
general /9dZenrRl/ adj. 全体的；普遍
的；总的
U6
glove /GlVv/ n. 手套
U2
government /9GVvRnmRnt/ n. 政府；
内阁
U5
grow /GrRW/ v. 逐渐变得；逐渐成为U2
H
hall /hO:l/ n. 礼堂；大厅
U1
harvest /9hA:vIst/ n. 收获；收获季节U3
hate /heIt/ v. 讨厌；憎恶
U4
heat /hi:t/ n. 热；高温
U4
heatwave /9hi:tweIv/ n. 酷热期；
热浪
U4
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herb /hF:b/ n. 药草；香草
U6
hit /hIt/ v. 达到（某水平）
U4
hobby /9hBbi/ n. 业余爱好
U1
hope /hRWp/ v. 希望；期望（某事发
生）
U3
host /hRWst/ n. 节目主持人
U1
however /haW9evR(r)/ adv. 然而
U5
huge /hju:dZ/ adj. 巨大的；极多的；
程度高的
U5
hurrah /hR9rA:/ excl. 万岁；好哇
U2
I
important /Im9pO:tnt/ adj. 重要的；
有重大影响的
U2
in fact 事实上
U4
increase /In9kri:s/ v. 增长；增加
U4
indoors /0In9dO:z/ adv. 在室内
U4
inexpensive /0InIk9spensIv/ adj. 廉价
的；不昂贵的
U6
information /0InfR9meISn/ n. 信息；
消息；情报；资料；资讯
U3
international /0IntR9næSnRl/ adj.
国际的
U3
invent /In9vent/ v. 发明；创造
U6
invention /In9venSn/ n. 发明；创造 U6
inventor /In9ventR(r)/ n. 发明者；
发明家
U6
invite /In9vaIt/ v. 邀请
U3
item /9aItRm/ n. 一件物品
U5
J
jeans /dZi:nz/ n. (pl.) 牛仔裤
U1
L
laugh /lA:f/ v. 笑；发笑
U1
laugh at 嘲笑
U1
leaf /li:f/ n. (pl. leaves) 叶子
U4
lean /li:n/ v. 倚靠；倾斜
U2
leave /li:v/ v. 留下；离开
U2
level /9levl/ n. 水平；标准
U6
lift /lIft/ n. 电梯；升降机
U2
line /laIn/ n. 线；线条
U2
litter /9lItR(r)/ v. 乱扔
n. 垃圾；废弃物
U2
location /lRW9keISn/ n. 地方；地点；
位置
U4
lose /lu:z/ v. 遗失；丢失
U6
low /lRW/ adj. 低于平均水平的；
低的；矮的
U5
low-energy /lRW 9enRdZi/ adj.
低能耗的
U5
luck /lVk/ n. 机遇；命运；运气
U3
lucky /9lVki/ adj. 有好运的；运气
好的；幸运的
U3
lunar calendar 农历
U3
M
mankind /mæn9kaInd/ n. 人类
U5
mark /mA:k/ v. 做记号；做标记
n. 标记；记号
U6
meal /mi:l/ n. 早（或午、晚）餐；
一顿饭
U3
mean /mi:n/ v. 意思是
U1
medicine /9medsn/ n. 医学；药
U6
midnight /9mIdnaIt/ n. 午夜
U3
million /9mIljRn/ num. 一百万
U6
millions of 数以百万计的；很多
U6
mix /mIks/ v. 混合；融合
U5
model /9mBdl/ n. 模型
U2
mostly /9mRWstli/ adv. 主要地；
一般地；通常
U3
musical /9mju:zIkl/ adj. 音乐的
n. 音乐剧
U3
N
neighbourhood (AmE neighborhood)
/9neIbRhWd/ n. 街区；邻近的地方 U5
news /nju:z/ n. 媒体对重要事情的
报道；新闻
U4
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nightingale /9naItINGeIl/ n. 夜莺
U1
north /nO:P/ n. 北；北方
adv. 向北；朝北
U4
notice /9nRWtIs/ v. 注意
n. 通知；注意
U1
noticeboard /9nRWtIsbO:d/ n. 布告栏；
布告板
U1
number /9nVmbR(r)/ n. 编号；数字；
数量
U1
nut /nVt/ n. 坚果
U3
O
outing /9aWtIN/ n. （集体）出外游玩
（或学习）；远足
U2
P
pain /peIn/ n. 疼痛
U6
pardon /9pA:dn/ excl. 请再说一遍 U6
partner /9pA:tnR(r)/ n. 搭档；同伴 U1
pass /pA:s/ v. 给；递；传递
U3
pass on 传递；转交；（用后）递给，
传给
U3
passenger /9pæsIndZR(r)/ n. 乘客；
旅客
U2
pat /pæt/ v. 轻拍
U1
pay /peI/ v. （与某些名词结合使用，
表示将要做或将付出某事物）
U2
pay attention to ( 对某人或某事）
注意
U2
peacock /9pi:kBk/ n. 孔雀
U1
penicillin /0penI9sIlIn/ n. 青霉素；
盘尼西林
U6
perform /pR9fO:m/ v. 表演；演出
U3
performance /pR9fO:mRns/ n. 表演 U3
person /9pF:sn/ n. 人；个人
U1
personality /0pF:sR9nClRti/ n.
性格；个性
U1
pick /pIk/ v. 拿起；挑选；选择
U5
pick up 捡起；拾起
U5
picnic /9pIknIk/ n. 野餐
U4
planet /9plænIt/ n. 行星
U5
plastic /9plæstIk/ adj. 塑料的
n. 塑料
U5
platform /9plætfO:m/ n. 站台
U2
poem /9pRWIm/ n. 诗
U6
poor /pO:(r)/ adj. 贫穷的
U6
porridge /9pBrIdZ/ n. 粥
U3
post /pRWst/ v. 发帖；寄；邮寄
U3
power /9paWR(r)/ n. 电；电力供应
U6
power station 发电站；发电厂
U6
prince /prIns/ n. 王子
U3
programme (AmE program)
/9prRWGræm/ n. 节目单；计划；
方案；活动安排
U1
public /9pVblIk/ adj. 公共的；
公立的
U5
publish /9pVblIS/ v. 出版；发行
U6
pupil /9pju:pl/ n. 学生；小学生
U4
Q
quite /kwaIt/ adv. 相当；非常
U4
R
reach /ri:tS/ v. 增加到；达到
U4
ready /9redi/ adj. 准备好；准备完毕U2
real /9ri:Rl/ adj. 真正的
U6
really /9ri:Rli/ adv. 事实上；真正地 U3
record /9rekO:d/ n. 纪录；记录
/rI9kO:d/ v. 记录
U4
recycle /0ri:9saIkl/ v. 回收利用
U5
reduce /rI9dju:s/ v. 减少；缩小
U5
regards /rI9GA:dz/ n. (pl.) 致意；
问候
U4
repair /rI9peR(r)/ v. 修理；修补
U5
reunion /0ri:9ju:niRn/ n. 重逢；团聚 U3
reusable /0ri:9ju:zRbl/ adj. 可重复
使用的；可再次使用的
U5
reuse /0ri:9ju:z/ v. 重复使用
U5
rubbish /9rVbIS/ n. 垃圾；废弃物
U2
rule /ru:l/ n. 规则；规章
U2
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runway /9rVnweI/ n. 飞机跑道
U4
rush /rVS/ v. 迅速移动；急促
U2
S
save /seIv/ v. 节省；节约；救
U5
saver /9seIvR(r)/ n. 救助者；救星
U6
scientist /9saIRntIst/ n. 科学家
U6
search /sF:tS/ v. 搜索；搜寻；搜查；
查找
U4
seat /si:t/ n. 座位
U2
several /9sevrRl/ det. & pron. 几个；
数个
U4
shape /SeIp/ n. 形状；外形
U1
sick /sIk/ adj. 生病的；有病的
U6
since /sIns/ prep. 自……以来；
自……以后
U3
size /saIz/ n. 大小；尺码
U1
skate /skeIt/ v. 滑冰；溜冰
U4
skill /skIl/ n. 技巧；技艺
U1
skin /skIn/ n. 皮肤
U1
slim /slIm/ adj. 苗条的；纤细的
U1
smart /smA:t/ adj. 聪明的；机敏的 U6
smile /smaIl/ v. 微笑；笑
U1
smoke /smRWk/ v. 吸烟；抽烟
U2
soldier /9sRWldZR(r)/ n. 军人；士兵 U6
someone /9sVmwVn/ pron.
(= somebody) 某人
U1
soon /su:n/ adv. 很快；马上；不久 U4
sort /sO:t/ v. 整理；把……分类
U5
sound /saWnd/ v. 听起来
n. 声音
U1
south /saWP/ n. 南部；南方
adv. 向南；朝南
U4
special /9speSl/ adj. 特殊的；特别的U1
spend /spend/ v. 花（时间）；度过 U6
spring roll /0sprIN 9rRWl/ n. 春卷
U3
square /skweR(r)/ n. 广场
U3
stage /steIdZ/ n. 舞台
U6
stamp /stæmp/ n. 邮票
U6
station /9steISn/ n. 车站；（服务）台 U2
stay /steI/ v. 保持；继续是
U2
still /stIl/ adv. 还；仍然
U4
store /stO:(r)/ n. 商店；店铺
U5
storyteller /9stO:ritelR(r)/ n. 讲故事
的人
U6
straight /streIt/ adj. 直的
U1
successful /sRk9sesfl/ adj. 达到
目的的；有成效的；获得成功的
U6
sugar /9SWGR(r)/ n. 食糖
U3
sunshine /9sVnSaIn/ n. 阳光；日光
U4
swan /swBn/ n. 天鹅
U1
symphony /9sImfRni/ n. 交响乐；
交响曲
U3
T
take turns 轮流；依次
U2
talent /9tælRnt/ n. 天才；天赋
U1
tap /tæp/ n. 水龙头
U5
temperature /9temprRtSR(r)/ n.
温度；气温
U4
than /ðCn; ðRn/ prep. 比
U1
theatre (AmE theater) /9PIRtR(r)/ n.
戏院；剧场；露天剧场
U3
theory /9PIRri/ n. 学说；理论
U6
tonight /tR9naIt/ adv. 今晚
U3
tooth /tu:P/ n. (pl. teeth) 牙；齿
U5
tradition /trR9dISn/ n. 传统
U3
traditional /trR9dISRnl/ adj. 传统的；
习俗的
U3
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
中医药
U6
tragedy /9trædZRdi/ n. 悲剧；
悲剧作品
U6
transport /9trænspO:t/ n. 交通车辆；
旅行方式
U5
T-shirt /9ti: SF:t/ n. T 恤衫；短袖汗衫
U1
U
underground /9VndRGraWnd/ n.
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地铁；地下铁路系统
U2
uniform /9ju:nIfO:m/ n. 制服；校服 U4
unique /ju9ni:k/ adj. 唯一的；
独一无二的
U1
until /Rn9tIl/ conj. (= till) 直到……
为止
U6
V
violin /0vaIR9lIn/ n. 小提琴
U1
voice /vOIs/ n. 嗓音；说话声；
歌唱声
U1
W
waste /weIst/ n. 废物；垃圾
v. 浪费；滥用
U5
wave /weIv/ n. 海浪；波浪
U4
wealth /welP/ n. 钱财；财富
U3
weigh /weI/ v. 称重量；权衡
U6
weight /weIt/ n. 重量；分量
U6
wet /wet/ adj. 湿的；潮湿的
U4
wind /wInd/ n. 风
U4
wise /waIz/ adj. 充满智慧的；
明智的
U1
without /wI9ðaWt/ prep. 没有；缺乏U1
worse /wF:s/ adj. （bad 的比较级）
更差的；更糟的
U4
would /wWd/ modal v. （客气地
建议或邀请）将；将会
U1
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Proper nouns and
glossary
Ada 埃达（女名）
p. 40
Albert Einstein 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦p. 74
Alexander Fleming 亚历山大·
弗莱明
p. 76
Beethoven 贝多芬
p. 14
Big Ben 大本钟
p. 54
Canada 加拿大
p. 76
Canadian n. 加拿大人
adj. 加拿大的
Chuseok 韩国秋夕节
p. 36
Coningsby 科宁斯比（英国地名） p. 50
Dango 团子（日本传统点心）
p. 36
Edinburgh 爱丁堡（英国地名）
p. 34
Festival Square 节日广场
p. 34
Finn 芬恩（男名）
p. 5
Florence Nightingale 弗洛伦斯·
南丁格尔
p. 76
Hamlet 《哈姆雷特》
p. 78
Haruto 春门（日本人名）
p. 36
Harry Turner 哈利·特纳（男名）
p. 34
Helen Keller 海伦·凯勒
p. 14
Henry Norman Bethune 亨利·
诺曼·白求恩
p. 76
Isaac Newton 艾萨克·牛顿
p. 74
Kim 金（通常为女名）
p. 5
Laba porridge 腊八粥
p. 32
Liverpool 利物浦（英国地名）
p. 47
Marie Curie 居里夫人
p. 74
Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节
p. 36
Mika 米卡（人名）
p. 5
Newcastle 纽卡斯尔（英国地名）
p. 47
Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖
p. 76
Paul 保罗（男名）
p. 5
Paula 葆拉（女名）
p. 5
Princes Street Gardens 王子街花园
p. 34
Richard Feynman 理查德·费曼
p. 84
Romeo and Juliet 《罗密欧与朱莉叶》
p. 78
Scotland 苏格兰（英国地名）
p. 50
Seo-jun 徐俊（韩国人名）
p. 36
Shirley 雪莉（女名）
p. 5
Singapore 新加坡
p. 64
Songpyeon 松片( 韩国的一
种糕点)
p. 36
South Korea 韩国
p. 36
Spring Festival 春节
p. 39
Stratford-upon-Avon 埃文河畔
斯特拉特福（英国地名）
p. 78
Swan Lake 《天鹅湖》
p. 34
The Butterfly Lovers 《梁祝》
p. 6
the King’s Theatre 国王剧院
p. 34
the Lyceum 兰馨剧院
p. 34
the Philippines 菲律宾
p. 33
the Ross Theatre 罗斯剧院
p. 34
the Royal Mile 皇家大道
p. 34
the Usher Hall 阿舍礼堂
p. 34
Thomas Edison 托马斯·爱迪生
p. 74
Thomas Gainsborough 托马斯·
庚斯博罗
p. 84
Times Square 时代广场
p. 40
Trevor 特雷弗（男名）
p. 5
Tsukimi 日本月见节
p. 36
UK （The United Kingdom）英国
p. 50
William Shakespeare
威廉·莎士比亚
p. 78
World War II 第二次世界大战
p. 76
Proper nouns
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Glossary
auxiliary verb 助动词
p. 115
base form 原形
p. 24
formal 正式的
p. 27
imperative 祈使语气
p. 24
imperative sentence 祈使句
p. 24
informal 非正式的
p. 35
intonation 语调
p. 7
past form 过去式
p. 113
past simple 一般过去时
p. 38
plural countable noun 可数名词
复数
p. 117
predicate 谓语
p. 115
preparatory it it 作形式主语
p. 52
proper noun 专有名词
p. 40
regular verb 规则动词
p. 113
singular countable noun 可数
名词单数
p. 117
to-infinitive 带to 的动词不定式 p. 52
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Numbers
Cardinal numbers 基数词
0
zero
1
one
2
two
3
three
4
four
5
five
6
six
7
seven
8
eight
9
nine
10
ten
11
eleven
12
twelve
13
thirteen
14
fourteen
15
fifteen
16
sixteen
17
seventeen
18
eighteen
19
nineteen
20
twenty
21
twenty-one
30
thirty
33
thirty-three
40
forty
50
fifty
60
sixty
70
seventy
80
eighty
90
ninety
100
one hundred
102
one hundred and two
110
one hundred and ten
113
one hundred and thirteen
120
one hundred and twenty
136
one hundred and thirty-six
200
two hundred
1,000 one thousand
1,001 one thousand and one
1,012 one thousand and twelve
1,103 one thousand one hundred and
three
1,230 one thousand two hundred and
thirty
1,357 one thousand three hundred
and fifty-seven
1,500 one thousand five hundred
Decimal numbers 小数
For temperatures 温度
0.8°C = zero point eight degrees Celsius
5.4°C = five point four degrees Celsius
40.3°C = forty point three degrees Celsius
89.2°C = eighty-nine point two degrees Celsius
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–12.2°C = twelve point two degrees Celsius below zero/minus twelve point two
degrees Celsius
Years and dates 年份和日期
• 25 January 1600: the twenty-fifth of January/January the twenty-fifth, sixteen
hundred
• 3 February 1735: the third of February/February the third, seventeen thirty-five
• 18 March 1830: the eighteenth of March/March the eighteenth, eighteen thirty
• 5 April 1905: the fifth of April/April the fifth, nineteen o five
• 22 May 1910: the twenty-second of May/May the twenty-second, nineteen ten
• 2 June 2000: the second of June/June the second, two thousand
• 14 July 2006: the fourteenth of July/July the fourteenth, two thousand and six/
twenty o six
• 12 August 2010: the twelfth of August/August the twelfth, two thousand and
ten/twenty ten
• 5 September 2016: the fifth of September/September the fifth, two thousand
and sixteen/twenty sixteen
• 10 October 2020: the tenth of October/October the tenth, two thousand and
twenty/twenty twenty
• 30 November 2021: the thirtieth of November/November the thirtieth, two
thousand and twenty-one/twenty twenty-one
• 31 December 2050: the thirty-first of December/December the thirty-first, two
thousand and fifty/twenty fifty
Notes:
The last two letters of the number word are sometimes added in the dates in
written language (e.g. 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th).
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Months and days
Months
Days
January
一月
February
二月
March
三月
April
四月
May
五月
June
六月
July
七月
August
八月
September
九月
October
十月
November
十一月
December
十二月
Monday
星期一
Tuesday
星期二
Wednesday
星期三
Thursday
星期四
Friday
星期五
Saturday
星期六
Sunday
星期日
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Irregular verbs
动词
过去式
awake
awoke
be (am, is, are)
was, were
bear
bore
beat
beat
become
became
begin
began
bleed
bled
blow
blew
break
broke
bring
brought
build
built
burn
burnt/burned
buy
bought
can
could
catch
caught
choose
chose
come
came
cost
cost
cut
cut
deal
dealt
dig
dug
do
did
draw
drew
dream
dreamt/dreamed
动词
过去式
drink
drank
drive
drove
eat
ate
fall
fell
feed
fed
feel
felt
fight
fought
find
found
fly
flew
forget
forgot
freeze
froze
get
got
give
gave
go
went
grow
grew
hang（悬挂）
hung
have
had
hear
heard
hide
hid
hit
hit
hold
held
hurt
hurt
keep
kept
know
knew
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动词
过去式
lay
laid
lead
led
learn
learnt/learned
leave
left
lend
lent
let
let
lie（躺）
lay
light
lit/lighted
lose
lost
make
made
may
might
mean
meant
meet
met
mistake
mistook
must
must
pay
paid
put
put
read /ri:d/
read /red/
ride
rode
ring
rang
rise
rose
run
ran
say
said
see
saw
sell
sold
动词
过去式
send
sent
set
set
shake
shook
shall
should
shine
shone
shoot
shot
show
showed
shut
shut
sing
sang
sit
sat
sleep
slept
smell
smelt/smelled
speak
spoke
speed
sped/speeded
spell
spelt/spelled
spend
spent
spread
spread
stand
stood
steal
stole
stick
stuck
sweep
swept
swim
swam
take
took
teach
taught
tell
told
（续表）
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动词
过去式
think
thought
throw
threw
understand
understood
wake
woke
动词
过去式
wear
wore
will
would
win
won
write
wrote
（续表）
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