高中英语必背词形变换汇总

1.后缀‑erobserve → observer 观察者strange → stranger 陌生人consume → consumer 消费者begin → beginner 初学者，新手run → runner 跑步的人win → winner 获胜者2.后缀‑or（以‑e结尾去e加‑or）invent → inventor 发明者visit → visitor 游客direct → director 导演sail → sailor 海员conduct → conductor 售票员；指挥instruct → instructor 指导者compete → competitor 参赛者operate → operator 经营者；操作员survive → survivor 幸存者translate → translator 翻译家3.后缀‑eeemploy → employee 雇员interview → interviewee 参加面试者train → trainee 受训者；实习生4.后缀‑ianmusic → musician 音乐家politics → politician 政治家physics → physician 内科医生history → historian 历史学家library → librarian 图书管理员5.后缀‑ist（以‑e结尾去e加‑ist）art → artist 艺术家science → scientist 科学家novel → novelist 小说家special → specialist 专家cycle → cyclist 骑自行车的人type → typist 打字员piano → pianist 钢琴家chemistry → chemist 化学家；药剂师6.后缀‑antserve → servant 仆人participate → participant 参加者assist → assistant 助手；售货员apply → applicant 申请人‑er / ‑or 表物品contain → container 容器cook → cooker 炊具draw → drawer 抽屉dry → drier/dryer 干燥剂；干燥机sharpen → sharpener 铅笔刀shave → shaver 电动剃须刀calculate → calculator 计算器tract → tractor 拖拉机type → typewriter 打字机形容词后缀1. 后缀‑able(1)能……的；可……的respect → respectable 值得尊敬的accept → acceptable 可接受的adapt → adaptable 能适应的adjust → adjustable 可调节的afford → affordable 负担得起的renew → renewable 可更新的predict → predictable 可预见的avoid → avoidable 可避免的control → controllable 可控制的detect → detectable 可发现的bear → bearable 可忍受的notice → noticeable 显著的rely → reliable 可信赖的；可依靠的admire → admirable 可敬佩的(2)具有……的特点enjoy → enjoyable 令人愉快的suit → suitable 合适的comfort → comfortable 舒适的fashion → fashionable 时髦的reason → reasonable 合理的knowledge → knowledgeable 博学的change → changeable 多变的agree → agreeable 愉悦的favor → favorable 有利的value → valuable 宝贵的2. 后缀‑iblehorror → horrible 可怕的；恐怖的terror → terrible 可怕的；糟糕的access → accessible 易得到的；易使用的vision → visible 看得见的3. 后缀‑ful / ‑less(1)直接加‑fulcheer → cheerful 兴高采烈的doubt → doubtful 怀疑的forget → forgetful 健忘的thought → thoughtful 周到的；深思的peace → peaceful 和平的success → successful 成功的color → colorful 多彩的event → eventful 多变故的；充满大事的thank → thankful 感激的delight → delightful 使人快乐的joy → joyful 高兴的regret → regretful 后悔的faith → faithful 忠实的(2)词尾变形后加‑ful；直接加‑lessplenty → plentiful 充足的gratitude → grateful 感激的end → endless 无休止的home → homeless 无家可归的aim → aimless 无目标的wire → wireless 无线的limit → limitless 无限的price → priceless 珍贵的；无价的speech → speechless 无语的(3)成串记词breath → breathless 上气不接下气的value/worth → valueless/worthless 无价值的harm → harmful 有害的 → harmless 无害的；无恶意的help → helpful 有帮助的 → helpless 无助的；无能的hope → hopeful 有希望的 → hopeless 绝望的use → useful 有用的 → useless 无用的；无效的power → powerful 强有力的 → powerless 无力的meaning → meaningful 有意义的 → meaningless 无意义的care → careful 小心的 → careless 粗心的fruit → fruitful 成果丰硕的 → fruitless 无成效的4. 后缀‑iveact → active 积极的；活跃的attract → attractive 有吸引力的effect → effective 有效的instruct → instructive 有教育意义的impress → impressive 给人深刻印象的create → creative 创造性的produce → productive 多产的relate → relative 相关联的talk → talkative 健谈的compete → competitive 有竞争力的5. 后缀‑ousdanger → dangerous 危险的humor → humorous 幽默的mountain → mountainous 多山的poison → poisonous 有毒的continue → continuous 不断的；持续的adventure → adventurous 爱冒险的nerve → nervous 紧张的disaster → disastrous 灾难性的generosity → generous 慷慨的religion → religious 宗教的6. 后缀‑iousglory → glorious 光荣的；壮丽的envy → envious 忌妒的mystery → mysterious 神秘的anxiety → anxious 忧虑的caution → cautious 十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity → curious 好奇的ambition → ambitious 有抱负的suspicion → suspicious 可疑的nutrition → nutritious 有营养的space → spacious 宽敞的7. 后缀‑y(1)直接加‑y；去e加‑y；‑er变‑rysmell → smelly 有难闻气味的luck → lucky 幸运的health → healthy 健康的salt → salty 咸的sleep → sleepy 昏昏欲睡的thirst → thirsty 口渴的greed → greedy 贪婪的wealth → wealthy 富裕的；丰富的guilt → guilty 内疚的taste → tasty 美味的；可口的anger → angry 生气的hunger → hungry 饥饿的(2)表示“天气”“环境”frost → frosty 严寒的；霜冻的cloud → cloudy 多云的wind → windy 多风的rain → rainy 多雨的ice → icy 冰冻的；冰冷的snow → snowy 多雪的mist → misty 多雾的fog → foggy 有雾的sun → sunny 阳光充足的mud → muddy 泥泞的dirt → dirty 脏的dust → dusty 布满灰尘的mess → messy 凌乱的noise → noisy 嘈杂的；喧闹的8. 后缀‑al(1)直接加‑almusic → musical 音乐的origin → original 最初的；独创的person → personal 个人的；私人的tradition → traditional 传统的option → optional 可选择的；选修的profession → professional 专业的；职业的addition → additional 附加的；额外的nation → national 国家的education → educational 有教育意义的region → regional 地区的season → seasonal 季节性的condition → conditional 条件的(2)去‑e加‑al及其他globe → global 全球的culture → cultural 文化的agriculture → agricultural 农业的practice → practical 实际的nature → natural 自然的；天生的center → central 中央的；中心的grammar → grammatical 语法的9. 后缀‑ialface → facial 面部的office → official 官方的；公务的finance → financial 金融的race → racial 种族的commerce → commercial 商业的benefit → beneficial 有益的industry → industrial 工业的10. 后缀‑icscience → scientific 科学的economy → economic 经济的history → historic 历史上著名的class → classic 经典的system → systematic 系统的drama → dramatic 戏剧的；巨大的romance → romantic 浪漫的sympathy → sympathetic 有同情心的energy → energetic 精力充沛的11. 后缀‑en（形容词）wood → wooden 木制的gold → golden 金色的wool → wool(l)en 羊毛的12. 后缀‑ly（形容词）friend → friendly 友好的dead → deadly 致命的live → lively 活跃的year → yearly 每年的month → monthly 每月的week → weekly 每周的order → orderly 有秩序的day → daily 每日的；日常的13. 后缀‑edbalance → balanced 平衡的gift → gifted 有天赋的talent → talented 有天赋的crowd → crowded 拥挤的spot → spotted 有斑点的14. 后缀‑somehand → handsome 英俊的awe → awesome 敬畏的trouble → troublesome 令人烦恼的tire → tiresome 讨厌的副词后缀1. 形容词词尾直接加‑lyhopeful → hopefully 有希望地bright → brightly 明亮地casual → casually 随意地correct → correctly 正确地general → generally 普遍地particular → particularly 尤其proper → properly 恰当地main → mainly 主要地normal → normally 正常地real → really 真正地rapid → rapidly 快速地2. “辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i，再加‑lyhappy → happily 高兴地busy → busily 繁忙地angry → angrily 生气地easy → easily 容易地greedy → greedily 贪婪地heavy → heavily 在很大程度上healthy → healthily 健康地noisy → noisily 吵闹地lucky → luckily 幸运地3. 大部分以e结尾形容词不去e，直接加‑lyimmediate → immediately 立刻地fortunate → fortunately 幸运地entire → entirely 完全地，彻底地wide → widely 广泛地absolute → absolutely 绝对地；完全地polite → politely 有礼貌地；客气地wise → wisely 明智地；聪明地；精明地huge → hugely 极其；非常expensive → expensively 昂贵地sincere → sincerely 真诚地extreme → extremely 极度，非常true → truly 真正地whole → wholly 完全地4. 以‑le结尾形容词去e加‑ysimple → simply 简单地；仅仅gentle → gently 轻轻地；温柔地terrible → terribly 非常，很；极度地possible → possibly 可能地；也许probable → probably 大概；或许comfortable → comfortably 舒服地；安乐地5. 以‑ic结尾形容词加‑allyspecific → specifically 专门地；明确地basic → basically 主要地；基本上dramatic → dramatically 显著地；戏剧性地scientific → scientifically 系统地；合乎科学地academic → academically 学术上；学业上historic → historically 从历史观点上说classic → classically 传统地；典雅地enthusiastic → enthusiastically 热情地economic → economically 经济地automatic → automatically 自动地energetic → energetically 精力充沛地public → publicly 当众地6. 特殊变化shy → shyly 害羞地dry → dryly 干燥地full → fully 充分地dull → dully 迟钝地；沉闷地动词前缀/后缀1. 前缀 en‑able → enable 使能够large → enlarge 扩大rich → enrich 充实；使丰富danger → endanger 危及courage → encourage 鼓励2. 后缀‑enbroad → broaden 变宽ripe → ripen (使)成熟sharp → sharpen (使)变得锋利wide → widen 加宽short → shorten (使)变短straight → straighten (使)变直deep → deepen 加深strength → strengthen 加强length → lengthen (使)变长dark → darken (使)变暗hard → harden (使)变硬soft → soften (使)变软damp → dampen 使潮湿fright → frighten 使惊吓bright → brighten (使)更明亮threat → threaten 威胁3. 后缀‑ifyclass → classify 把……分类just → justify 证明……正确simple → simplify 简化beauty → beautify 美化identity → identify 识别quality → qualify 使具备资格diversity → diversify (使)多样化4. 后缀‑izeapology → apologize 道歉emphasis → emphasize 强调memory → memorize 记住real → realize 认识到；实现modern → modernize 使现代化symbol → symbolize 象征；代表normal → normalize 使正常化standard → standardize 使标准化