ARTICLE · 1168446
“AI”不是工具:Clojure 之父 Rich Hickey 谈 LLM 与自动化
Rich Hickey 认为 LLM 不能被驾驭,是自动化而非工具。观点提要加全文对照翻译。
Rich Hickey,Clojure 语言的创造者。10 月 11 日他在 LinkedIn 发了一篇短文,标题就四个词:'AI' Is Not a Tool。这句话他自称讲了很多年,一直只当俏皮话讲,这次展开写了出来。
他的判断很直接:LLM 不能被驾驭,所以不是工具,是自动化。工具握在你手里,给你反馈,由你持续引导;LLM 只接收请求,然后自行其是。他拿来类比的是得来速:得来速不是烹饪工具,是避免烹饪的自动化;LLM 也不是你写代码的工具,是你避免写代码的自动化。
短文不长,类比很密,衬衫口袋、定制汉堡、voodoo.md 各打一个点。引用块为英文原文,其后是中文翻译。
观点提要
「工具」若泛指一切有用的东西,就失去了区分度。衬衫口袋有用,得来速有用,但都不是工具。 他认可的定义:工具是你驾驭(wield)的东西——握在手中,传递力量,由你持续控制。 工具不会替你做事。工具使用会培养、奖励、并且常常需要专业能力与技巧;感官反馈是积累专业能力的关键。 好工具可预测、可靠、确定、功能有界、简单,LLM 缺这些。 使用 LLM 时你提出请求,它自行行动:没有你的能量,没有持续引导,没有反馈。这是自动化,不是驾驭。 使用自动化的代价是博弈它的细节:点不要洋葱的汉堡换个现做的,往 voodoo.md 里写刚好管用的咒语。一次软件更新,学到的一切就可能作废。 让 LLM 读论文,是它读了,不是你。错过的是向会写的人学写作、学构建论点、学会思考。 工具不会「错位」「失控」「逃出控制」「密谋」。自动化有它的内在特性,忽视这些差异,后果自负。
原文对照翻译
'AI' is Not a Tool
(I keep delivering this as a quip, here's a bit more)
First order of business - is ' tool ' going to have an interesting, distinguishing and thus illuminative meaning or be a mere platitudinous stand-in for "anything useful"?
“AI”不是工具
(我一直把这句话当俏皮话讲,这里多说一点)
首先要搞清楚——“工具”这个词,是要有一个有趣、有区分度、因而能启发思考的含义,还是只是一个平庸的替身,用来指代“任何有用的东西”?
We'll save tool as "anyone/thing that can be exploited" for the AI titans, for whom VCs, politicians, wannabe-titan-CEOs, software devs, rural towns etc are all 'tools'. The pockets on the front of my shirts are useful (I need to keep my reading glasses handy), but they are not tools. Similarly, fast food drive-thru windows are useful, but are not tools (more later).
把“工具”定义为“任何可被利用的人/物”,就留给 AI 巨头们吧——在他们眼里,风投、政客、想成为巨头的 CEO、软件开发者、小镇……全都是“工具”。我衬衫前面的口袋很有用(我需要随时放好老花镜),但它们不是工具。同理,快餐店的得来速窗口很有用,但也不是工具(后面再说)。
Some definitions of ' tool ':
a device or implement, especially one held in the hand, used to carry out a particular function an instrument (such as a hammer or saw) used or worked by hand : an instrument used by a handicraftsperson or laborer in their work What I like best - A tool is something you wield .
wield - to use (as a tool or instrument) especially with full command or power : handle, manipulate, control
“工具”的一些定义:
一种装置或器具,尤其是握在手中的,用来完成特定功能 一种用手操作或使用的器具(如锤子或锯子):工匠或劳动者在工作中使用的器具
我最喜欢的定义——工具是你驾驭的东西。
驾驭(wield)——尤其是以完全的掌控或力量去使用(工具或器具):操控、操纵、控制
Especially useful in that are:
Held in your hand - a source of both control and feedback, and an indication of the intimacy of the act of use Power - force, energy transmission and direction, leverage etc Control - intention and continuous directing of the course of events
其中特别有用的几点是:
握在手中——既是控制与反馈的来源,也体现了使用行为的亲密性 力量——力、能量的传递与方向、杠杆作用等 控制——意图,以及对事件进程的持续引导
Tools are implements with which you do something, they do not do things for you. Tool use builds, rewards, and often requires, expertise and skill. The continuous application of technique and energy, and sensory feedback, are essential to the buildup of expertise (from experiri - "try").
工具是你用来做事的器具,它们不会替你做事。使用工具会培养、奖励,并且常常需要专业能力与技巧。持续运用技术与能量,以及感官反馈,是积累专业能力的关键(expertise 来自 experiri——“尝试”)。
Good tools have many properties LLMs lack - they are predictable, reliable, deterministic, of bounded function, hopefully simple etc.
What you learn while wielding a tool is something about the world, the task, the physics, logic etc of what you are trying to do or the situation you are trying to overcome. And often, something about yourself.
好的工具有许多 LLM 所缺乏的特性——它们可预测、可靠、确定、功能有界,最好还简单等等。
当你驾驭工具时学到的,是关于世界、任务、你试图完成之事或克服之境的物理、逻辑等等。而且常常,也是关于你自己的。
As a lifelong tool builder and user, I know what tools are. LLMs are not tools.
Control, sensory feedback, intention, intimacy, continuous direction, expertise etc are all missing from LLM use. LLMs are not wielded. LLMs are automation .
automation - (of a device or process) working by itself with little or no direct human control.
作为一个终身工具建造者和使用者,我知道工具是什么。LLM 不是工具。
控制、感官反馈、意图、亲密性、持续引导、专业能力等等,在使用 LLM 时统统缺失。LLM 不被驾驭。LLM 是自动化。
自动化——(装置或过程)在几乎没有或完全没有直接人类控制的情况下自行运作。
A drive-thru is not a tool for cooking, it is automation for avoiding cooking. LLMs are not tools with which you write code - they are automation with which you avoid writing code, to which you abdicate writing code.
You don't direct the action of an LLM - you make requests and it acts on its own, without your energy or continuous direction. This request/automation cycle is not wielding, it's not control, it's not continuous, it's without feedback.
得来速不是烹饪工具,而是避免烹饪的自动化。LLM 不是你用来写代码的工具——它们是你用来避免写代码、把写代码的责任拱手让出的自动化。
你并不引导 LLM 的行动——你提出请求,它自行行动,无需你的能量或持续引导。这种请求/自动化循环不是驾驭,不是控制,不连续,也没有反馈。
What you are doing while using automation, instead of learning real-world truths, is attempting to divine the details du jour of some automaton. And striving to game them - e.g. ordering a custom burger (no onions) in order to get a freshly made one. Or filling voodoo.md with just the right incantations. You are only a software update from everything you've 'learned' being rendered obsolete by the latest algorithm. (A soggy cold burger from which the onions have been removed) You have traded working with the world to working for a capricious robot.
使用自动化时,你不是在学习真实世界的真理,而是在试图猜测某个自动机器当下的细节。并努力去“博弈”它们——比如点一个定制汉堡(不要洋葱)以便拿到现做的。或者在 voodoo.md 里填入刚刚好的咒语。你学到的一切,只要一次软件更新,就可能被最新算法淘汰。(一个去掉洋葱后变得湿软冰冷的汉堡)你已经把与世界共事,换成了为一个反复无常的机器人打工。
It is a mistake to be haphazard about "tools" being equivalent to utility, e.g. saying - "the LLM didn't write my paper, I just used it as a tool to read and summarize some research papers". But you didn't wield it to read those papers (as you might a Kindle). It read the papers, not you.
把“工具”随意等同于“有用”,是错误的。例如说——“LLM 没有写我的论文,我只是用它当工具去阅读和总结一些研究论文”。但你并没有驾驭它去阅读那些论文(就像你可能驾驭 Kindle 那样)。是它读了论文,不是你。
What do you miss by abdicating doing the reading? Pretty much everything. First and foremost, you miss learning how to write from those who can. You miss learning how to formulate an argument. You miss noticing things. You miss loading your background mind with fodder for novel ideas. You miss building trust in some authors and suspicion of others. You miss all the jokes. You miss all of the edges. You miss learning how to think.
把阅读的责任拱手让出,你错过了什么?几乎一切。首先也是最重要的,你错过了向那些会写的人学习如何写作。你错过了学习如何构建论点。你错过了注意到事物。你错过了用新想法的素材充实背景思维。你错过了建立对某些作者的信任、对另一些作者的怀疑。你错过了所有的笑话。你错过了所有的边缘细节。你错过了学习如何思考。
Tools don't get "misaligned", they don't "go rogue", they don't "escape containment", "conspire" etc.
LLMs are not tools. I know many people use the phrase "just tools" simply to indicate "they are what you make of them". Except that's not true . Automation has intrinsic properties and differences from tools that you ignore at your peril.
Rich
工具不会“错位”,不会“失控”,不会“逃出控制”,“密谋”等等。
LLM 不是工具。我知道很多人用“只是工具”这个说法,只是想表达“它们是你如何使用它们的结果”。但事实并非如此。自动化有其内在特性,与工具存在差异,忽视这些差异,后果自负。
Rich
延伸阅读
Huahai 的逐条回应:AI 是工具,用好它需要技巧[1] 原文:'AI' Is Not a Tool[2](LinkedIn,2026 年 10 月 11 日) Hacker News 讨论:'AI' Is Not a Tool by Rich Hickey[3]
引用链接
[1]AI 是工具,用好它需要技巧: https://www.boer.xyz/posts/ai-is-a-tool-skill-rebuttal/
[2]'AI' Is Not a Tool: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/ai-tool-rich-hickey-kjl8e
[3]'AI' Is Not a Tool by Rich Hickey: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=50060269















































































