外研版高中英语选择性必修3 Unit3 War and Peace基础知识清单

拓展词

1.violent adj.暴力的，猛烈的→ violently adv.猛烈地，激烈地→ violence n.暴力，暴行

2.commander n.指挥官，司令官→ command v.&n.命令；指挥→ commanding adj.指挥的；威严的

3.troop n.部队，一队 v.成群前行→ trooper n.士兵，骑兵→ troopship n.运兵船

4.disrupt v.扰乱，使中断→ disruption n.扰乱，中断→ disruptive adj.制造混乱的，破坏性的

5.liberate v.解放，释放→ liberated adj.不受束缚的，解放的→ liberation n.解放→ liberty n.自由

6.drown v.淹死；淹没→ drowned adj.淹死的，水淹的→ drowning n.&adj.溺水；快要淹死的

7.bomb n.炸弹 v.轰炸→ bombing n.轰炸，空袭→ bomber n.轰炸机；投弹手

8.objective adj.客观的 n.目标→ object n.物体；目标 v.反对→ objection n.反对，异议

9.horror n.恐惧，恐怖→ horrify v.使恐惧，使震惊→ horrified adj.感到恐惧的（人）→ horrifying adj.令人恐怖的（事物）

10.stability n.稳定，稳固→ stable adj.稳定的，牢固的→ stabilize v.（使）稳定，稳固

11.fort n.堡垒，要塞→ fortify v.加固；增强→ fortification n.防御工事；加固

12.rough adj.粗糙的；粗略的；粗暴的→ roughly adv.大约，粗略地；粗暴地→ roughness n.粗糙，粗暴

13.glory n.光荣，荣誉 v.自豪→ glorious adj.光荣的，辉煌的→ glorify v.颂扬，美化

14.emerge v.浮现，显露，兴起→ emergence n.出现，兴起→ emergency n.紧急情况，突发事件→ emergent adj.新兴的，紧急的

15.shrink v.收缩，缩小→ shrank v.(过去式)→ shrunk v.(过去分词)→ shrinking adj.正在缩小的

16.representative n.代表 adj.典型的→ represent v.代表，象征→ representation n.代表；描绘

17.dire adj.极其严重的，可怕的→ direly adv.极其严重地，可怕地→ direness n.极端严峻

18.anniversary n.周年纪念日→ annual adj.每年的，年度的

19.collective adj.集体的 n.集体→ collect v.收集，采集→ collection n.收藏品，收集→ collector n.收藏家→ collectivist n.集体主义者→ collectivism n.集体主义

20.commemorate v.纪念，缅怀→ commemoration n.纪念，纪念活动→ commemorative adj.纪念性的

21.academic adj.学术的 n.学者→ academy n.学院，研究院→ academician n.院士，学者

22.intellectual adj.智力的，知性的 n.知识分子→ intellect n.智力，才智→ intelligent adj.聪明的，有智慧的→ intelligence n.智力，情报

23.memorial adj.纪念的 n.纪念碑→ memory n.记忆，回忆→ memorize v.记住，熟记

24.aggression n.侵略，挑衅→ aggressive adj.好斗的，侵略性的→ aggressor n.侵略者

25.profession n.职业，行业→ professional adj.专业的 n.专业人士→ professionally adv.专业地→ professionalism n.专业素养，职业精神→ professionalize v.专业化

26.outstanding adj.杰出的；未完成的→ outstandingly adv.杰出地，显著地

27.depict v.描绘，描述→ depiction n.描绘，描写→ depictive adj.描写的

同义反义词

1.violent adj.猛烈的，暴力的 / fierce adj.猛烈的，凶猛的 / rough adj.粗暴的，猛烈的

2.troop n.部队 / army n.军队 / force n.武装力量

3.objective n.目标 / purpose n.目的 / target n.目标，对象

4.violence n.暴力，武力 / force n.武力，力量

5.solemn adj.庄重的 / serious adj.严肃的 / cheerful adj.欢快的

6.intellectual adj.智力方面的 / mental adj.脑力的，精神的 / intelligent adj.聪慧的

7.stability n.稳定 / instability n.不稳定

8.associated adj.有关联的 / joint adj.共同的，联合的

9.prominent adj.杰出的，显眼的 / outstanding adj.杰出的

10.glory n.荣誉，光荣 / honor n.荣誉

11.dedication n.奉献 / commitment n.投入，奉献 / devotion n.挚爱，奉献

12.relevant adj.相关的 / connected adj.有关系的 / related adj.相关的 / irrelevant adj.无关的

13.rough adj.粗糙的；粗暴的 / smooth adj.光滑的；平和的

一词多性/义

1.bomb n.炸弹//v.轰炸；（非正式）惨败

2.representative n.代表，代理人// adj.典型的，有代表性的

3.objective adj.客观的// n.目标，目的

4.barely  adv.勉强，刚刚；几乎不；赤裸裸地

5.academic  adj.学术的；学业的；理论的// n.学者，高校教师

6.intellectual adj.智力的；善于思考的// n.知识分子，脑力劳动者

7.graph n.图表，曲线图// v.绘制图表

8.collective adj.集体的，共同的// n.集体，团体

固定搭配

1.turn the tide 改变形势；转变运气

2.in horror 惊恐地

3.to one’s horror 令某人惊恐的是

4.drown oneself 投水自杀

5.recall doing sth. 记得做过某事

6.liberate from 从……中解放

7.be weary of 对……不再感兴趣，不再热心，感到不耐烦

8.condemn sb. to sth. 迫使某人接受困境

9.condemn sb. for sth. 因某事谴责某人

10.the friction between A … A与B之间的摩擦

11.fortify oneself against … 增强……以防御

12.emerge from 从……中浮现

13.emerge in 涌现；崭露出来

14.shirk one’s duty 逃避某人的责任

15.shirk from 逃避，偷懒

16.shirk doing sth. 逃避做某事

17.be depicted as 被描绘成

18.in one’s glory 得意；踌躇满志

19.glory in 以……为荣；因……而欣喜

20.the dedication to 对……的奉献

21.be representative of 代表……的；……的典型

22.the blueprint for ……的蓝图

23.the sum of ……的总和；一笔

24.in sum 总之；总而言之

25.sum up 总结；简而言之

26.a grain of 一粒

27.be relevant to 与……相关

28.inflict on 使……吃苦头，遭受打击

29.be referred to as 被称为

30.remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事

31.serve as 充当，担任

32.break through 冲破；取得突破；克服

33.betray to 向……出卖，泄露给……

34.track down 搜寻到，跟踪找到

35.a hail of 一阵冰雹似的……，一顿雹子般的……

36.a blow to 对……的打击

37.on standby 待命

38.make up of 由……组成（构成）

39.free… from 释放；使自由

40.have… confidence in 对……有信心

41.nothing less than （用于强调某事物极其重要、特殊或令人向往）简直是不亚于

42.prepare for 为……做准备

43.make it 幸免于难；渡过难关

44.meet up with （按照安排）见面，会面

单元语块

1.rage across the globe 席卷全球

2.the final stage of a top‑secret operation 绝密行动的最后阶段

3.the largest combined sea, air and land operation 规模最大的海、陆、空联合行动

4.free north‑west Europe from German occupation 解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区

5.the well‑trained, well‑equipped and battle‑hardened… 训练有素、武器精良、久经沙场的军队

6.The tide has turned! 时局已经发生转变！

7.accept nothing less than full victory 迎接的只会是彻底的胜利

8.These words ring in their ears. 这些话语在他们耳中回荡。

9.journey across the English Channel to Normandy 穿越英吉利海峡到达诺曼底

10.in the depths of war 深陷战争

11.meet up with the Soviet military 与苏联军队会面

12.Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn. 他们永远不为年龄所难，永远不为岁月所累。

13.the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression 抗日战争

14.the terror bombing campaign 恐怖轰炸活动

15.the bomb shelter 防空洞

16.go to the front to fight 去前线抗战

17.The air raid warning is sounded across the city. 防空警报响彻整座城市。

18.academic struggles 学术之争

19.educational and intellectual heritage 教育和知识遗产

20.the remote and mountainous part of China 中国的偏远山区

21.40 people pack to a room. 40个人挤在一间屋子里。

22.dire shortages of food 食物严重短缺

23.the immense hardships and the daunting challenges… 巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战

24.shirk the duty 逃避责任

25.be driven by a sense of commitment 在献身精神的驱使下

26.defend the honour of the nation 捍卫国家的荣誉

27.the crowning glory 最高荣耀

28.strong spirit of perseverance and dedication 坚韧不拔和勇于奉献的精神

29.the collective memory of the Chinese nation 中华民族的集体记忆

佳句

1.Code‑named “Operation Overlord”, it was the largest combined sea, air and land operation in history, the aim being to free north-west Europe from German occupation.

这次作战行动的代号为“霸王行动”，它是历史上规模最大的海、陆、空三方力量集结的行动，目的是解放德国占领的欧洲西北部地区。

2.I have full confidence in your courage, devotion to duty and skill in battle.

我对你们的勇气、责任心和作战能力十分有信心。

3.With these words ringing in their ears,Allied soldiers prepared for what would become known as D‑Day.

盟军士兵耳中回荡着这些话语，做好了登陆诺曼底的准备。

4.Boats were hit and men drowned, while those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.

船被击毁，一些人落水而亡，而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。

5.Throughout history, the great thinkers of the world have often rather romantically referred to their academic struggles as being like “war”.

纵览历史，全世界伟大的思想家常常颇为浪漫地将自己学术上的拼搏比作一场“战争”。

6.Their bed was the dusty road and their roof was the open sky, often lit up by exploding Japanese bombs.

他们以尘土飞扬的道路为床，以开阔的、经常被日军的炸弹照亮的天空为屋顶。

7.However, despite the immense hardships and the daunting challenges, it was right in this place, over a period of eight long years, that the nation’s intellectual heritage was not only guarded but fortified by the passion and belief of the worthy academics of Lianda.

然而，尽管面临着巨大的困难和艰巨的挑战，在这个地方，经过八年漫长的岁月，国家的知识遗产不仅得到了保护，还得到了强化，这些都归功于联大杰出学者们的热情和信念。

8.Driven by a sense of commitment, a great many joined the army to resist the Japanese invaders and defend the honour of the nation.

在献身精神的驱使下，许多人参军抵抗日本侵略者，保卫国家的荣誉。