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2011 年 12 月大学英语六级阅读真题
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassage
carefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Please
writeyouranswersonAnswerSheet2.
Questions47to51arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Leadershipisthemostsignificantwordintoday'scompetitivebusinessenvironmentbecauseitdirectsthe
managerofabusinesstofocusinwardontheirpersonalcapabilitiesandstyle.Expertsonleadershipwillquickly
pointoutthat"howthingsgetdone"influencesthesuccessoftheoutcomesandindicatesarightwayandawrong
waytodothings.Whenanotedleaderontheartofmanagement,PeterDrucker,coinedthephrase"Management
isdoingthingsright;leadershipisdoingtherightthings,"hewasseekingtoclarifythedistinctionsheassociates
withtheterms.
WhenStephenCovey,founderanddirectoroftheLeadershipInstitute,exploredleadershipstylesinthepast
decade,hefocusedonthehabitsofagreatnumberofhighlyeffectiveindividuals.HisSevenHabitsofHighly
EffectivePeoplebecameapopularbestsellerveryquickly.Hisideasforcedareexaminationoftheearly
leadershipparadigm(范例),whichheobservedcenteredontraitsfoundinthecharacterethicandthepersonality
ethic.Theformerethicsuggestedsuccesswasfoundedonintegrity,modesty,loyalty,courage,patience,andso
forth.Thepersonalityethicsuggesteditwasone'sattitude,notbehavior,thatinspiredsuccess,andthisethicwas
foundedonabeliefofpositivementalattitude.Incontrasttoeachoftheseideas,Coveyadvocatesthatleaders
needtounderstanduniversalprinciplesofeffectiveness,andhehighlightshowvitalitisforleaderstofirst
personallymanagethemselvesiftheyaretoenjoyanyhopeofoutstandingsuccessintheirworkenvironments.
Toachieveadesiredvisionforyourbusiness,itisvitalthatyouhaveapersonalvisionofwhereyouareheaded
andwhatyouvalue.Businessleadershipmeansthatmanagersneedto"putfirstthingsfirst,"whichimpliesthat
beforeleadingothers,youneedtobeclearonyourownvalues,abilities,andstrengthsandbeseenastrustworthy.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
47. Tobegoodleaders,managersmustpaycloseattentiontotheirown_____.
48. AccordingtoPeterDrucker,leadersshouldbegoodat_____.
49. Thepersonalityethicsuggeststhatpeoplearelikelytosucceediftheyhave_____.
50. AccordingtoStephenCovey,leaderswhohopetoachieveoutstandingsuccessneedfirstofallto_____.
51. Goodleadershiprequiresonetoknowone'sownstrengthsandbeabletowinpeople's_____.
SectionB
Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinished
statements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideon
thebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthe
centre.
PassageOne
Questions52to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
What'stheonewordofadviceawell-meaningprofessionalwouldgivetoarecentcollegegraduate?China"}
India!Brazil!Howabouttrade!
淘宝店铺：https://shop499712503.taobao.com/ 店主旺旺：慧园文化WhentheCommerceDepartmentreportedlastweekthatthetradedeficitinJuneapproached$50billion,it
setoffanewroundofeconomicdoomsaying.Imports,whichsoaredto$200.3billioninthemonth,are
subtractedinthecalculationofgrossdomesticproduct.Thelargerthetradedeficit,thesmallertheGDP.Should
suchimbalancescontinue,pessimistssay,theycouldcontributetoslowergrowth.
Butthere'sanotherwayoflookingatthetradedata.Overthepasttwoyears,thefiguresonimportsand
exportsseemnottosignaladouble-diprecession–areneweddeclineinthebroadlevelofeconomicactivityin
theUnitedStates–butaneconomicexpansion.
Therisingvolumeoftrade–moregoodsandservicesshuttlinginandoutoftheUnitedStates–isgood
newsformanysectors.Companiesengagedinshipping,trucking,railfreight,
delivery,
andlogistics(物流)haveallbeenreportingbetterthanexpectedresults.Therisingnumberssignifygrowing
vitalityinforeignmarkets–whenweimportmorestuff,itputsmorecashinthehandsofpeoplearoundthe
world,andU.S.exportsarerisingbecausemoreforeignershavetheabilitytobuythethingsweproduceand
market.Therisingtideoftradeisalsogoodnewsforpeoplewhoworkintrade-sensitivebusinesses,especially
thosethatproducecommoditiesforwhichglobaldemandsetstheprice–agriculturalgoods,mining,metals,oil.
Andwhileexportsalwaysseemtolag,U.S.companiesarebecomingmoreinvolvedintheglobaleconomy
witheachpassingmonth.GeneralMotorssellsasmanycarsinChinaasinAmericaeachmonth.Whilethatmay
notdomuchforimports,itdoeshelpGM'sbalancesheet–andhencemakesthejobsofU.S.-basedexecutives
morestable.
OnegreatchallengefortheU.S.economyisslackdomesticconsumerdemand.Americansare
payingdowndebt,savingmore,andspendingmorecarefully.That'stobeexpected,givenwhatwe'vebeen
through.Butthere'sabiggerchallenge.CanU.S.-basedbusinesses,largeandsmall,figureouthowtogetapiece
ofgrowingglobaldemand?UnlessyouwanttopickupandmovetoIndia,orBrazil,orChina,thebestwaytodo
thatisthroughtrade.Itmayseemobvious,butit'snolongerenoughsimplytodobusinesswithourfriendsand
neighborshereathome.
Companiesandindividualswhodon'thaveastrategytoexportmore,ortogetmoreinvolvedinforeign
markets,ortoplayaroleinglobaltrade,areshuttingthemselvesoutofthelion'sshareofeconomicopportunity
inourworld.
52.HowdopessimistsinterprettheU.S.tradedeficitinJune?
A) ItreflectsAmericans'preferenceforimportedgoods.
B) ItsignifiesachangeinAmericaneconomicstructure.
C) ItistheresultofAmerica'sgrowingfocusondomesticmarket.
D) Itcouldleadtoslowergrowthofthenationaleconomy.
53.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthetradedataofthepasttwoyears?
A) ItindicatesthateconomicactivitiesintheU.S.haveincreased.
B) ItshowsthatU.S.economyisslippingfurtherintorecession.
C) Itsignalsdecreasingdomesticdemandforgoodsandservices.
D) Itreflectsthefluctuationsintheinternationalmarket.
54.Whoparticularlybenefitfromtherisingvolumeoftrade?
A) Peoplewhohaveexpertiseininternationaltrade.
B) Consumerswhofavorimportedgoodsandservices.
淘宝店铺：https://shop499712503.taobao.com/ 店主旺旺：慧园文化C) Producersofagriculturalgoodsandrawmaterials.
D) Retailersdealinginforeigngoodsandservices.
55.WhatisoneofthechallengesfacingtheAmericaneconomy?
A) Competitionfromoverseas. C)Slacktradeactivities.
B) People'sreluctancetospend. D)Decreasingproductivity.
56.Whatistheauthor'sadvicetoU.S.companiesandindividuals?
A) Toimportmorecheapgoodsfromdevelopingcountries.
B) Tomovetheircompaniestowherelaborischeaper.
C) Toincreasetheirmarketshareoverseas.
D) Tobealerttofluctuationsinforeignmarkets.
PassageTwo
Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
ArecurringcriticismoftheUK'suniversitysectorisitsperceivedweaknessintranslatingnewknowledgeinto
newproductsandservices.
Recently,theUKNationalStemCellNetworkwarnedtheUKcouldloseitsplaceamongtheworldleadersin
stemcellresearchunlessadequatefundingandlegislationcouldbeassured.Weshouldtakethisconcernseriouslyas
universitiesarekeyinthenationalinnovationsystem.
However,wedohavetochallengetheunthinkingcomplaintthatthesectordoesnotdoenoughintakingideasto
market.ThemostrecentcomparativedataontheperformanceofuniversitiesandresearchinstitutionsinAustralia,Canada,
USAandUKshowsthat,fromarelativelyweakstartingposition,theUKnowleadsonmanyindicatorsof
commercialisationactivity.
Whenviewedatthenationallevel,thepolicyinterventionsofthepastdecadehavehelpedtransformthe
performanceofUKuniversities.EvidencesuggeststheUK'spositionismuchstrongerthanintherecentpastandisstill
showingimprovement.Butnationaldatamaskstheverylargevariationintheperformanceofindividualuniversities.The
evidenceshowsthatalargenumberofuniversitieshavefallenoffthebackofthepack,afewperformstronglyand
therestchasetheleaders.
ThistypeofunevendistributionisnotpeculiartotheUKandismirroredacrossothereconomies.IntheUK,research
isconcentrated:lessthan25%ofuniversitiesreceive75%oftheresearchfunding.Thesesameuniversitiesarealso
theinstitutionsproducingthegreatestshareofPhDgraduates,sciencecitations,patentsandlicenceincome.The
effectofpoliciesgeneratinglong-termresourceconcentrationhasalsocreatedadistinctivesetofuniversitieswhichare
research-ledandcommerciallyactive.Itseemsclearthattheconcentrationofresearchandcommercialisationwork
createsdifferencesbetweenuniversities.
Thecoreobjectiveforuniversitieswhichareresearch-ledmustbetomaximisetheimpactoftheirresearch
efforts.Theseuniversitiesshouldbegeneratingthewidestrangeofsocial,economicandenvironmentalbenefits.In
returnforthescaleofinvestment,theyshouldsharetheirexpertiseinordertobuildgreaterconfidenceinthesector.
PartoftheeconomicrecoveryoftheUKwillbedrivenbythenextgenerationofresearchcommercialisation
spillingoutofouruniversities.TherearethreedozenuniversitiesintheUKwhichareactivelyengagedinadvanced
researchtrainingandcommercialisationwork.
Iftherewasagreatercoordinationoftechnologytransferofficeswithinregionsandasimultaneousinvestmentin
thescaleandfunctionsofourgraduateschools,universitiescould,andshould,playakeyroleinpositioningtheUKfor
thenextgrowthcycle.
淘宝店铺：https://shop499712503.taobao.com/ 店主旺旺：慧园文化57.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofUKuniversitiesintermsofcommercialisation?
A) Theyfailtoconvertknowledgeintomoney.
B) Theydonotregarditastheirresponsibility.
C) Theystillhaveaplaceamongtheworldleaders.
D) Theyhavelosttheirleadingpositioninmanyways.
58.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthenationaldataonUKuniversities'performanceincommercialisation?
A) Itmasksthefatalweaknessesofgovernmentpolicy.
B) ItdoesnotrankUKuniversitiesinascientificway.
C) Itdoesnotreflectthedifferencesamonguniversities.
D) Itindicatestheirineffectiveuseofgovernmentresources.
59.WecaninferfromParagraph5that"policyinterventions"(Line1,Para.4)refersto_____.
A) governmentaidtonon-research-orienteduniversities
B) compulsorycooperationbetweenuniversitiesandindustries
C) fairdistributionoffundingforuniversitiesandresearchinstitutions
D) concentrationofresourcesinalimitednumberofuniversities
60.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestresearch-leduniversitiesdo?
A) Publicisetheirresearchtowininternationalrecognition.
B) Fullyutilisetheirresearchtobenefitallsectorsofsociety.
C) Generouslysharetheirfacilitieswiththoseshortoffunds.
D) Spreadtheirinfluenceamongtopresearchinstitutions.
61.HowcantheuniversitysectorplayakeyroleintheUK'seconomicgrowth?
A) Byestablishingmoreregionaltechnologytransferoffices.
B) Byaskingthegovernmenttoinvestintechnologytransferresearch.
C) Bypromotingtechnologytransferandgraduateschooleducation.
D) Byincreasingtheefficiencyoftechnologytransferagencies.
淘宝店铺：https://shop499712503.taobao.com/ 店主旺旺：慧园文化
