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绝密★启用前
2015年全国硕士研究生招生考试
英语（二）
（科目代码：204）
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（以下信息考生必须认真填写）
考生编号
考生姓名Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word( s) for each numbered blank and
mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
In our contemporary culture, the prospect of communicating with—or even
looking at一a stranger is virtually unbearable. Everyone around us seems to agree
by the way they cling to their phones, even without a ] on a subway.
It's a sad reality—our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings—
because there's 2 to be gained from talking to the stranger standing by you.
But you wouldn't know it, 3 into your phone. This universal protection
sends the 4 : u Please don't approach me."
What is it that makes us feel we need to hide 5 our screens?
One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, an executive mental coach.
We fear rejection, or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as
“weird. " We fear we'll be 7 We fear we'll be disruptive.
Strangers are inherently 8 to us, so we are more likely to feel 9
when communicating with them compared with our friends and acquaintances. To
avoid this uneasiness, we 10 to our phones. Phones become our security
blanket," Wortmann says. "They are our happy glasses that protect us from what
we perceive is going to be more 11 . ”
But once we rip off the band-aid,tuck our smartphones in our pockets and look
up, it doesn't 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment, behavioral scientists
Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable:
Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 .
“When Dr. Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same train station
to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought
their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,” The New York
Times summarizes. Though the participants didn't expect a positive experience,
after they 17 with the experiment, " not a single person reported having been
embarrassed."
18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with
those without communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings
thrive off of social connections. It's that 20 : Talking to strangers can make
you feel connected.
英语（二）试题.1.（共14页）1. A. signal B. permit C. ticket D. record
2. A. nothing B. little C. another D. much
3. A. beaten B. plugged C. guided D. brought
4. A. message B.code C. notice D. sign
5. A. under B. beyond C. behind D. from
6. A. misapplied B. misinterpreted C. misadjusted D. mismatched
7. A. judged B. fired C. replaced D. delayed
8. A. unreasonable B. ungrateful C. unconventional D. unfamiliar
9. A. comfortable B. confident C. anxious D. angry
10. A. attend B. turn C. take D. point
11. A. dangerous B. mysterious C. violent D. boring
12. A. bend B. resist C. hurt D. decay
13. A. lecture B. debate C. conversation D. negotiation
14. A. trainees B, employees C. researchers D. passengers
15. A. reveal B.choose C. predict D. design
16. A. voyage B. flight C. walk D. ride
17. A. went through B. did away C. caught up D. put up
18. A. In turn B. In fact C. In particular D. In consequence
19. A. unless B. whereas C.if D. since
20. A. funny B, simple C. logical D. rare
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing
A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)
英语（二）试题.2.（共14页）Text 1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more
stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol, which is a
stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it
higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.
u Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well
as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home," writes one of the
researchers, Sarah Damaske. In fact women even say they feel better at work,
she notes. "It is men, not women, who report being happier at home than at
work. " Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children
and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside
the home have better health.
What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when
they9re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the
office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For
women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And for women who
work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks.
With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the
workplace in making adjustments for working women, it's not surprising that
women are more stressed at home.
But ifs not just a gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what
they're supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have
to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in
hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the
household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid
out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of
them. Your home colleagues—your family—have no clear rewards for their
labor； they need to be talked into it, or if they're teenagers, threatened with
complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they're your family. You
cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.
So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the
tasks apparently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.
英语（二）试题.3.（共14页）21. According to Paragraph 1, most previous surveys found that home
A. offered greater relaxation than the workplace
B. was an ideal place for stress measurement
C. generated more stress than the workplace
D. was an unrealistic place for relaxation
22. According to Damaske, who are likely to be the happiest at home?
A. Working mothers.
B. Childless husbands.
C. Working fathers.
D. Childless wives.
23. The blurring of working women9 s roles refers to the fact that
A. their home is also a place for kicking back
B. they are both bread winners and housewives
C. there is often much housework left behind
D. it is difficult for them to leave their office
24. The word “moola" (Para.4) most probably means.
A. skills
B. energy
C. earnings
D. nutrition
25. The home front differs from the workplace in that.
A. family labor is often adequately rewarded
B. home is hardly a cozier working environment
C. household tasks are generally more motivating
D. division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut
英语（二）试题.4.（共14页）Text 2
For years, studies have found that first-generation college students—those
who do not have a parent with a college degree—lag other students on a range of
education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are
higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they
succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to
recruit more of them. This has created “ a paradox" in that recruiting first-
generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher
education has " continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" an
achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a
paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Science.
But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution
to this problem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour, next-
to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by
such factors as grades) between first-generation and other students.
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings
are based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an
unnamed private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent
with a four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59. 1
percent) were recipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with
financial need, while this was true only for 8. 6 percent of the students with at
least one parent with a four-year degree.
Their thesis—that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact—
was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in
potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face
most college students. They cite past research by several authors to show that this
is the gap that must be narrowed to close the achievement gap.
Many first-generation students " struggle to navigate the middle-class culture
of higher education, learn the ' rules of the game,' and take advantage of college
resources," they write. And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don't
talk about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students.
u Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can
affect students9 educational experiences, many first-generation students lack
insight about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ' like
them9 can improve. n
英语（二）试题.5.（共14页）26. Recruiting more first-generation students has.
A. reduced their dropout rates
B. narrowed the achievement gap
C. missed its original purpose
D. depressed college students
27. The authors of the research article are optimistic because
A. their findings appeal to students
B. the recruiting rate has increased
C. the problem is solvable
D. their approach is costless
28. The study suggests that most first-generation students.
A. are from single-parent families
B. study at private universities
C. are in need of financial support
D. have failed their college
29. The authors of the paper believe that first-generation students
A. may lack opportunities to apply for research projects
B. are inexperienced in handling their issues at college
C. can have a potential influence on other students
D. are actually indifferent to the achievement gap
30. We may infer from the last paragraph that.
A. universities often reject the culture of the middle-class
B. students are usually to blame for their lack of resources
C. social class greatly helps enrich educational experiences
D. colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question
英语（二）试题.6.（共14页）Text 3
Even in traditional offices, "the lingua franca of corporate America has
gotten much more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years
ago," said Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning
off examples. "If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990,
we would see much less frequent use of terms like journey, mission, passion.
There were goals, there were strategies, there were objectives, but we didn't talk
about energy ； we didn't talk about passion."
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very "team"・
oriented一and not by coincidence. "Let's not forget sports—in male-dominated
corporate America, it's still a big deal. Ifs not explicitly conscious ； it's the idea
that I'm a coach, and you're my team, and we're in this together. There are lots
and lots of CEOs in very different companies, but most think of themselves as
coaches and this is their team and they want to win."
These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning一and, as Rakesh
Khurana, another professor, points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You
have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with
non-profit organizations and religious organizations: terms like vision, values,
passion, and purpose," said Khurana.
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated
amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars" of
the 1990s are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still
can't have it all and books like Sheryl Sandberg's Lean In, whose title has become
a buzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug, offline 9 life-hack, bandwidth,
and capacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home.
But if your work is your "passion," you'll be more likely to devote yourself to
it, even if that means going home for dinner and then working long after the kids
are in bed.
But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but
managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it.
As a linguist once said, u You can get people to think it's nonsense at the same
time that you buy into it. " In a workplace that's fundamentally indifferent to your
life and its meaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your
work—and how your work defines who you are.
英语（二）试题.7.（共14页）Text 4
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported
for June, along with the drop in the unemployment rate to 6. 1 percent, as good
news. And they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a
decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but
at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace.
However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely
overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily
working part-time. This figure is now 830,000 (4. 4 percent) above its year ago
level.
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an
important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-
time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase
in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it
means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet.
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general
direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than
before the recession, but it is down by 640,000 (7.9 percent) from its year ago
level.
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time
employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department
asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer
is “yes," they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether
they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less
than full time or because they had no choice. They are only classified as
voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less
than 35 hours a week.
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the
main purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For
many people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members
with serious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance
was through a job that provided health insurance.
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get
insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may
previously have felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in
order to cover themselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a
link between employment and insurance.
英语（二）试题.9.（共14页）31. According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become
A. less strategic
B. less energetic
C. more objective
D. more emotional
32. "Team"-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to
A. sports culture
B. gender difference
C. historical incidents
D. athletic executives
33. Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to
A. revive historical terms
B. promote company image
C. foster corporate cooperation
D. strengthen employee loyalty
34. It can be inferred that Lean In.
A. voices for working women
B. appeals to passionate workaholics
C. triggers debates among mommies
D. praises motivated employees
35. Which of the following statements is true about office speak?
A. Linguists believe it to be nonsense.
B. Regular people mock it but accept it.
C. Companies find it to be fundamental.
D. Managers admire it but avoid it.
英语（二）试题.8.（共14页）36. Which part of the jobs picture was neglected?
A. The prospect of a thriving job market.
B. The increase of voluntary part-time jobs.
C. The possibility of full employment.
D. The acceleration of job creation.
37. Many people work part-time because they.
A. prefer part-time jobs to full-time jobs
B. feel that is enough to make ends meet
C. cannot get their hands on full-time jobs
D. haven't seen the weakness of the market
38. Involuntary part-time employment in the US.
A. shows a general tendency of decline
B. is harder to acquire than one year ago
C. satisfies the real need of the jobless
D. is lower than before the recession
39. It can be learned that with Obamacare,
A. it is no longer easy for part-timers to get insurance
B. full-time employment is still essential for insurance
C. it is still challenging to get insurance for family members
D. employment is no longer a precondition to get insurance
40. The text mainly discusses.
A. employment in the US
B. part-timer classification
C. insurance through Medicaid
D. Obamacare's trouble
英语（二）试题.10.（共14页）Part B
Directions:
Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable
subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph (41-45 ). There are
two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the
ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
A. You are not alone
B. Experience helps you grow
C. Pave your own unique path
D. Most of your fears are unreal
E. Think about the present moment
F. Don't fear responsibility for your life
G. There are many things to be grateful for
Some Old Truths to Help You Overcome Tough Times
Unfortunately, life is not a bed of roses. We are going through life facing
sad experiences. Moreover, we are grieving various kinds of loss: a friendship, a
romantic relationship or a house. Hard times may hold you down at what usually
seems like the most inopportune time, but you should remember that they won't
last forever.
When our time of mourning is over, we press forward, stronger with a
greater understanding and respect for life. Furthermore, these losses make us
mature and eventually move us toward future opportunities for growth and
happiness. I want to share these old truths I've learned along the way.
41._____________________
Fear is both useful and harmful. This normal human reaction is used to
protect us by signaling danger and preparing us to deal with it. Unfortunately,
people create inner barriers with a help of exaggerating fears. My favorite actor
Will Smith once said, "Fear is not real. It is a product of thoughts you create.
英语（二）试题.11.（共14页）Do not misunderstand me. Danger is very real. But fear is a choice. " I do
completely agree that fears are just the product of our luxuriant imagination.
42. _____________________
If you are surrounded by problems and cannot stop thinking about the past,
try to focus on the present moment. Many of us are weighed down by the past or
anxious about the future. You may feel guilt over your past, but you are
poisoning the present with the things and circumstances you cannot change. Value
the present moment and remember how fortunate you are to be alive. Enjoy the
beauty of the world around and keep the eyes open to see the possibilities before
you. Happiness is not a point of future and not a moment from the past, but a
mindset that can be designed into the present.
43. _____________________
Sometimes it is easy to feel bad because you are going through tough times.
You can be easily caught up by life problems that you forget to pause and
appreciate the things you have. Only strong people prefer to smile and value their
life instead of crying and complaining about something.
44. _____________________
No matter how isolated you might feel and how serious the situation is, you
should always remember that you are not alone. Try to keep in mind that almost
everyone respects and wants to help you if you are trying to make a good change
in your life, especially your dearest and nearest people. You may have a circle of
friends who provide constant good humor, help and companionship. If you have
no friends or relatives, try to participate in several online communities, full of
people who are always willing to share advice and encouragement.
45. _____________________
Today many people find it difficult to trust their own opinion and seek
balance by gaining objectivity from external sources. This way you devalue your
opinion and show that you are incapable of managing your own life. When you
are struggling to achieve something important you should believe in yourself and
be sure that your decision is the best. You live in your skin, think your own
thoughts, have your own values and make your own choices.
英语（二）试题.12.（共14页）Section in Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation on the ANSWER
SHEET. (15 points)
Think about driving a route that's very familiar. It could be your commute to
work, a trip into town or the way home. Whichever it is, you know every twist
and turn like the back of your hand. On these sorts of trips it's easy to lose
concentration on the driving and pay little attention to the passing scenery. The
consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it
actually has.
This is the well-travelled road effect: People tend to underestimate the time
it takes to travel a familiar route.
The effect is caused by the way we allocate our attention. When we travel
down a well-known route, because we don't have to concentrate much, time
seems to flow more quickly. And afterwards, when we come to think back on it,
we can't remember the journey well because we didn't pay much attention to it.
So we assume it was shorter.
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions:
Suppose your university is going to host a summer camp for high school
students. Wite a notice to
1) briefly introduce the camp activities, and
2) call for volunteers.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.
Do not use your name or the name of your university.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
英语（二）试题.13.（共14页）Part B
48. Directions:
Write an essay based on the following chart. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments.
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
2015年考研英语（二）真题答案速查表
1 ~ 5 ADBAC 6 ~10 BADCB 11 ~15 ACCDC
16 〜20 DABDB 21 〜25 ABBCD 26 ~30 CCCBD
31 ~35 DADAB 36 〜40 BCADA 41 ~45 DEGAC
Section ID Translation
试想一下，你驾车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路上。它可能是你上班、前往市中心或者回家
的路。无论是哪条路，你对每一处曲曲弯弯都了如指掌。在这样的路途中，你会很容易在开
车时注意力不集中，不太关注沿途的风景。结果你就会觉得路途花费的时间比它实际所需要
的少。
这就是熟路效应:人们往往会低估在熟悉的路途中所花费的时间。
这一效应是由我们分配自身注意力的方式所引起的。当我们行驶在一条熟悉的路上时,
由于不必非常专注，所以就会感到时间似乎流逝得更快了。之后，当我们回想起这段旅程时,
发现自己记忆模糊,这是因为那时我们没有给予其太多关注。所以，我们认为时间变短了。
英语（二）试题.14.（共14页）故事情节纯属虚构，仅为逗您一乐，不要“入戏”哦！
考研“后遗症”，你中招了吗？
I h I
用“闪过”，摆脱记词慢的“后遗症
收词全,还划重点
背单词就是快!
