文档内容
押上海卷 31-40 题
选词填空
【题型解读】
上海英语高考卷的词汇部分以语篇的形式呈现，考核学生在语境中正确理解和运用词汇的能力，即考
查考生对篇章上下文的理解能力和使用词汇和语法结构的能力。其题目的设置为10道空白处，要求考生从
所提供的有11个单词构成的词库里选出最合适的词分别填入各空白处，使短文意思和结构完整，通顺得体。
每个单词只能选一次。这11个词均为实义词而非功能词，即考查的范围并不包含介词、冠词等虚词，而只
对名词、动词、形容词和副词进行考查。在这11个词中有1个单词为干扰项。
选词填空在命题方面具有以下特点∶
◆ 选词填空中的设空比较均匀，基本覆盖全文。
◆ 语篇第一句一般是对全文的概括或提示，为确保其完整性，且有助于学生对文章内容的理解，通常不
设空。
◆ 词汇考查点分配合理，相互干扰。
◆ 该部分注重考查词汇的词义（meaning）及其使用（use）。近几年高考尤其注重考查词汇的隐含意思、
词语的搭配、意义关联及贴切性。一词多义和一词多性往往是考查难点。
◆ 近义词或同义词的辨析不列入考查范围。
◆ 选项中的词汇都为考纲词汇，或加上前缀、后缀而成的衍生词汇。
【答题点津】
选词填空虽然不以语法为考点，但是因为所选择的单词不需要在时态和语态等语法方面进行转换，所
以解题时对一些语法现象加以利用往往会达到事半功倍的效果。解题时我们可以利用语法知识和词性判断
逐渐缩小词库中词汇的选择范围。另外，该题型所提供的选项里，除了纯干扰项外，各选项之间也互相干
扰，一个空白处的误填会引起连锁反应，造成其它空白处的错误。
【解题步骤】
1、标注选项，了解词义快速浏览11个选项词汇，简单标注其词性(n./v./a./ad.)，了解各词的含义,值得注意的是遇到有些不止一
种词性的词汇时，需将其词性都标注出来，方便答题时参考。
2、通读全文，了解大意
用较快的速度浏览全文，尤其各个自然段的段首，了解文章主旨大意，为之后寻找正确答案打下铺垫。
3、寻找线索,先易后难
在了解语篇主旨的情况下，结合上下文语境，分析句子结构，根据线索选择词汇。该环节不需要一气
呵成，应简到难，逐步缩小选择范围的顺序进行。
4、重读全文,核实答案
重读全文指将自己选择的词汇代入原文后的快速浏览，以确保上下文的逻辑通畅，句子结构及语法正
确，词语搭配恰当。
1．【2023年6月上海英语高考真题】
A.unworkable B.indicative C.polar D.promising E.quantity
F.requests G.content H. vision I.evaluating J.unmet K.subscribing
Brainstorming is a creative process that can help generate new and innovative ideas to solve complex
problems. It involves bringing together individuals from diverse backgrounds and perspectives to share their ideas
freely and build upon each other's contributions. However, to make the most of this process, it is important to create
an environment that encourages active participation and collaboration. Here are some key principles to keep in
mind when conducting a brainstorming session.
Firstly, it is important to have a clear vision or goal for the brainstorming session. This will help guide the
discussion and ensure that all ideas generated are relevant to the topic at hand. Participants should be encouraged to
share their thoughts and ideas freely, without fear of judgment or criticism. By (31)________to each other's ideas,
individuals can build on each other's contributions and create a more comprehensive understanding of the problem.
When (32)________ the quality of ideas generated during a brainstorming session, it is important to consider
both the quantity and the (33)________ . While a high quantity of ideas can be beneficial,it is more important to
focus on the quality of the ideas and how well they align with the group's shared vision. Ideas that are
(34)________ or irrelevant to the group's goals should be discarded in favor of those that are more (35)________.It is also important to honor (36)________ for more information or clarification on a particular idea. This can
help the group better evaluate the idea and determine whether it aligns with their shared vision. If an idea is deemed
unworkable or needs are (37)________ comprehensively, it is important to recognize this and move on to other
ideas that may be more feasible.
In addition to evaluating the quality of ideas, it is important to consider the content of the discussion. The
brainstorming session should be focused on generating new ideas and solutions.rather than rehashing old ones.
Participants should be encouraged to think creatively and outside the box, and to avoid getting bogged down in the
details.
The (38)________ of ideas generated during a brainstorming session can also be an important factor to
consider. While a high quantity of ideas is not always indicative of a successful session, it can help ensure that all
possibilities are explored and considered. Participants should be encouraged to generate as many ideas as possible,
without worrying about whether they are practical or feasible.
Ultimately, the success of a brainstorming session depends on the group's ability to work together towards a
shared (39)________. By creating a culture of subscribing to each other's ideas and evaluating them based on their
quality and relevance, we can generate innovative solutions to complex problems that benefit society as a whole.
Brainstorming is a powerful tool that can help us overcome the (40)________ that plagues our society, and create a
more collaborative and creative future.
2．【2022年7月上海英语高考真题】
A pursuits B.interests C.comparable D.innovation E.schedule
F.options G.realization H routes I.subjects J.recipes K.motivated
Creativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in US
When you think about creativity,it might be highly creative people like Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein who
spring to mind.They were all considered to be"Geniuses”for their somewhat unique talents that led to global
(31)______ in their fields. Their type of creativity is what's known as"Big C creativity”(or historical) and is not
very common in everyday life. Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to
the world.
But while we can’t all be Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein, many people do enjoy creative activity through hobbies
such as water colour painting or playing the piano. And these types of (32) ______ are often what people think of
when asked what being creative looks like. Our finished pieces may not be (33) _______ with the likes of the great
masters, but often the process is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing.On top of hobbies and (34)_______, we all possess creative attributes that can help as we solve life's problems
and make decisions. It is this type of creativity that enables us to plan different(35)_________ to get to the same
destination, or how to fit in a trip to the supermarket when our (36)________ looks full.
It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability to consider(37) ________
and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal prior experience or what we have
learnt formally or informally. These examples are known as "Small C creativity”or “personal everyday creativity.
While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, It is often Small C creativity that has allowed humans to
flourish over thousands of years.it sets us apart from other animals and it is also the type of creativity which can be
fostered through our education system and beyond into the workplace.
Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. Our previous research
has shown that teachers are often able to give examples of creative activity in arts(38)________, but find it harder
to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science.
But there is a growing(39) _______that opportunities to be creative are found across a broader range of
subjects.For instance,engineering provides opportunities to be creative through problem solving. and history gives
the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened,
and what(40)________ those involved.
【题型解读】
上海高考英语中的十一选十是考查词汇掌握及应用的一种题型。它主要有以下特点：
1.文章不会太长，多数在500词以内；
2.第一句是主题句且不设空；
3.每隔15-30词有一个空，共10空；
4.方框中词汇有一定难度，文章略低于阅读理解难度。
【选词填空的考点】
1.词汇方面，以实词为主，考查名词、动词、形容词和副词四种词性；
2.语法方面，考查词性之间的关系和句子结构分析能力；
3.逻辑方面，考查上下文联系以及对文章的理解。
【步骤详解】
第一步：整理选项（classify the options）根据词性把每个单词分类归纳，标出词性。考察的四类词性中，名词多做主宾；动词做谓语，形容词
做定表，副词做状语。副词个数最少，不会超过两个，其他词性平均出现三次，有两个的，也有四个的。
标注词性时要注意：
1.不认识的单词不要慌张，分析前后缀，或举例替换（oversee联想overuse）；值得一提的是，模考或真题
中出现过考纲之外的“生词”，这些词很眼熟，因为它是利用了构词法（多为前后缀派生法）知识衍生出
来的，构词法我们学过，多分析词性不难判断其含义。
2.注意多重词性的词，比如feature、concern、experience等。
3.动词的归类要继续细分为动词（包括过去式和三单一形式）、分词和动名词，因为一个空处，如果可以
填动词，但是填具体哪种形式则需要我们根据语法去进一步判断；这里尤为值得注意的是：v-ed和v-ing
极有可能是分词转换成的形容词，对于这类卧底词，千万留意。比如acquire这个词在academic skills he
acquired和newly acquired skills中，前后截然不同。这时就要把它一律看成动词（包括上述的三小类），
再根据是否缺失形容词去断定选项。
4.如果选项中出现一组近义词或反义词，要结合上下文先试填，细细揣摩文意再敲定答案。因为这里面有
一个是干扰项，它注重考查的是词汇的精确理解，要求考生分析清楚其细微的区别。
第二步：通读全文，选词填空
用较快速度，沉着冷静地逐词逐句去读，一遍下来至少理解90%的内容。选词填空的选项词义互不关
联，词性也不同，而且还有干扰项，所以一定要先了解文章大意，带着文章脉络去找选项。读的时候设空
处前后的词重点留意，这对确定动词的具体形式，或根据相关词找固定搭配极为重要。
提醒：通读就是根据首段原则以及首末句原则，迅速抓住文章的主题。判断主题对篇章的整体理解把握具
有极大的作用。
如何判定原文空缺处所需单词的词性？
1.动词的确定：
一个简单句有且只有一处谓语动词，一个完整的句子出现之后再跟逗号，后面的动词一般就是非谓语
动词形式了。判断动词时，可以从谓语和非谓语进行区分；如果是谓语，结合主谓一、时态、语态、固定
搭配及词义去辨析，缩小范围。
a.前后都是名词性或名词短语，中间一般是动词,时态确定看前后文；
b.空格前是名词或代词，后面没有宾语，填不及物动词（定从中除外）；
c.空格前是名词或代词，后面是副词或介词，空格处填不及物动词并与后面的介词构成固定搭配；
d.注意不定时符号to后跟动词原形，介词to后跟名词或动名词；e.情态动词后面跟动词原形；
f.空格前面是系动词,后跟形容词（可以是形容词化的分词）。
2.名词的确定：
名词主要做主语宾语，有时也做定语；
a.形容词后或名词后可以出现名词；
b.限定词之后（尤其是三类前位限定词：冠词、指示代词、形物代，其后必有名词）；
c.谓语之前必有名词或相当于名词的主语（祈使句除外）；
d.介词之后必有名词或相当于名词的词；
3.形容词的确定：
形容词，这里也可以包括形容词化的分词，通常作定语或表语，位置比较灵活，具体如下：
a.名词的前面或后面；
b.副词的前后；
c.系动词后面。
4.副词的确定：
a.动词的附近；
b.形容词附近；
c.句子结构完整，不缺成分时。
1.根据固定搭配或语感，积极主动发现缺失信息然后正确进行匹配
固定搭配：在选词填空中，既有固定搭配包括动介，形介，动副等，也包括很常见的约定俗成的搭配，
比如汉语中常说“学习知识”，在英语中不说“learn knowledge”,而是“acquireknowledge”,还比如，交
通拥挤常表述成“heavy traffic”。这些文化差异很多，需要认真领会；对于空后是介词的，一般往固定搭
配上考虑。
所谓语感，就是对语言的感觉，它是在平时的学习和阅读中形成的一种潜移默化的语言能力，有时无
法解释，却冥冥之中认为这就是正确答案。语感的培养需要大量的源信息输入，我们强调多阅读，就是为
了培养好的语感。
2.理清复杂句或上下文的逻辑结构，进行解题
对复杂句的分析能够帮助我们对句子更好的把握。复杂句好比是一颗枝繁叶茂的大树，复杂句的分析，
主要是“砍成分”，把细枝末叶的修饰成分（主要是定语和状语或各类从句）统统砍掉，留下主干，句子
结构一目了然，然后再把砍掉的成分一一长回去，心中就有数了。这时，就会清楚地确定空格处所填词性。
上下文逻辑关系也会对答案产生影响，既要注意形式上的逻辑关系，又要究明意义上的因果关系。形
式上的逻辑关系就是常说的因果、让步、递进、转折等；而意义上的逻辑关系就是以语篇表达的意思为线索，前后文中，意义上存在哪些关系。比如说，描述一个人的心情变化，心情好时，用的是积极词汇，反
之亦然；当然，形式和意义之间存在紧密联系，不能割裂开来。
第三步：复读全文，谨慎调整，确定答案
填空完成后，再次复读，自我感觉上下文是否通顺，逻辑关系是否连贯。
1. 【2024·宝山区·二模】
A. process B. impacting C. appearance D. linked E. assessment F.
costly
G. crucial H. highly I. legal J. pause K. marketed
Tobacco use and its negative impacts on health have been well-documented for decades. Traditional tobacco
products, such as cigarettes, have been 31 to a wide range of health problems, including cancer, heart
disease, respiratory (呼吸的) disorders and others. According to a survey, 78.3 percent of smokers start smoking
before age 20. Taiwan Province of China has raised the 32 smoking age to 20 or above. By instituting this
change, they hope to reduce the number of young people taking up the habit.
Despite being 33 as a safe alternative to traditional cigarettes, heated tobacco products (HTPs) are still
considered tobacco. As such, they pose significant dangers to human health. The heating 34 used in these
products releases harmful chemicals and poisons, including tar (焦油), carbon monoxide and nicotine, a(n) 35
addictive substance.
HTPs are packaged to appeal to young people who perceive them as safer than smoking. To prevent young
people from experimenting with HTPs and 36 their health, Taiwan Province strictly controls every kind of
tobacco product by adding a health risk 37 review mechanism. Only products that pass the review process
are allowed to be manufactured, imported and sold to consumers.
The innumerable downsides to smoking should give smokers 38 and encourage them to quit. Quitting
tobacco improves your health and reduces your risk of various diseases, including cancer, heart disease, and
breathing problems. Quitting smoking can also improve your 39 . Tobacco use can cause wrinkles and yellow
teeth. Quitting can lead to healthier skin, whiter teeth and fresher breath. Smoking can also dull your senses of taste
and smell. By stopping tobacco use, your senses recover, leading to enhanced enjoyment of food and beverages.Unfortunately, quitting tobacco isn't easy. Most
people will also encounter numerous challenges including
nicotine withdrawal and symptoms such as eagerness, irritability (易怒) and difficulty concentrating. Supportive
social environments, coping strategies and professional help are 40 for overcoming these things and living a
smoke-free life.
2. 【2024·崇明区·二模】
A. activate B. amounted C. compared D. energetic E. guidelines F. identify
G. image H. influenced I. respects J. review K. substantial
Exercise Can Help Prevent Depression, Study Finds
How often do you exercise? A new 31 from researchers at the University of Cambridge shows that those
who exercise are less likely to develop depression, even if they exercise less than the recommended amount.
The Department of Health and Human Services recommends that adults engage in 2.5 to 5 hours of moderate
activity per week or one hour and 15 minutes to 2.5 hours of 32 aerobic (有氧的) exercise per week or some
combination of the two.
Adults who took a walk for what 33 to 2.5 hours per week were less likely to develop depression than
those who didn’t exercise at all, the study found. But even those who exercised less felt better than those who didn’t
exercise at all, according to researchers. “In this study, a relatively small amount of physical activity were
associated with a(n) 34 decrease in risks of depression,” the study says. The researchers analyzed 15 studies
with nearly 200,000 participants. Those who did about half the recommended amount of physical activity per
week had an 18% lower risk of depression
35 with adults who did not exercise, the study says. Participants who exercised the recommended amount had
a 25% lower risk of depression than those who did not. Exercising more than the recommended amount hardly
36 depression risk, according to researchers.
Many 37 of exercise can lead to improved mental health. For example, working out can increase
circulation (血液循环) to the brain and 38 the central nervous system, leading to what many refer to as a
“runners high,” the study says. More exercise can also lead to improved physical health and a better body 39 ,
which can cause a person to be more social, researchers say.
Nearly 5% of adults in the U.S. report regular feelings of depression, according to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention. Among the study participants, researchers estimate that 1 in every 9 cases of depression
might have been prevented had everyone met recommended exercise 40 , the study says.3. 【2024·虹口区·二模】
A. chaos B. consume C. plentiful D. discharge E. evolutionarily
F. extent
G. freeze H. mechanism I. novel
Science in Images
Oyster mushrooms feature in cuisines around the world, but they should
be off the menu for hungry worms -- which these delicious mushrooms will
kill and eat. Now researchers finally know how they do it.
Oyster mushroom
A study published in Science Advances details how oyster mushrooms use a particular poisonous substance to
freeze and get rid of mushroom-eating roundworms called nematodes (线虫). The mushrooms, which grow on
nutrient-poor dead wood, then 31 the worms for nutrition.
“Nematodes happen to be the most 32 animals these mushrooms encounter. So I think, 33 , this
cross-kingdom interaction is very interesting,” says study senior author.
The study team of geneticists, biochemists and biologists had previously found that oyster mushrooms release
an unidentified poisonous substance that will somehow 34 the worms within minutes and cause a chemical
element to flow into their cells, killing them. This 35 differs from those used by other meat-eating mushrooms
and could be unique to oyster mushrooms.
For their new work, the researchers grew and analyzed samples of the mushroom’s tissue, finding no
noticeable poison even when they broke it up. They reasoned that whatever was killing the worms must be a kind
of 36 compound that disappears into air when disturbed. When they damaged the oyster mushroom tissue
again and 37 analyzed the nearby air, they finally found a nerve gas that turned out to be contained with tiny,
special-shaped structures on the mushroom surface. When nematodes touch the mushrooms, these structures 38
their gas, disturbing the worms’ cell walls to cause immobility and death. The worm is then digested by the
mushrooms.
Before this study, “we underestimated the 39 to which wild mushrooms defend against or consume
nematodes,” notes Nick Talbot, a geneticist at Sainsbury Laboratory in Norwich, England. The study demonstrates
“a very 40 approach,” he adds. “These organisms are really difficult to work on, and Dr. Hsueh is showing
that you can do some really amazing work with them.”
4. 【2024·金山区·二模】
A. actually B. amazed C. breathtaking D. critics E. gradually F. prizeG. reflection H. release I. solid J. standardize K. switched
Will AI allow humans to play a part?
Rebecca used to have a regular job, translating a fashion brand’s website into German. One day a big
change happened. The company (31) ______ to using machine translation. She kept the job, and it still paid the
bills; however, she was now there to check and (32) ______ whatever was produced by the computer. But there
was a complaint.
“What it meant, (33) ______, was that we humans were training a machine,” she says. Each corrected caption
for a mid-priced T-shirt, each pair of skinny jeans, was a data point for the robot that was going to replace her. With
the (34) ______ of chat programs that can imitate humans, the world is now beginning to consider what the
coming of artificial intelligence means. What will it do for our jobs if many once (35) ______ professions — law,
accountancy, medicine — disappear? What does it mean to be a human when the thing that humans most (36)
______— intelligence — has become the cheapest product on the planet? Translators, for good and ill, don’t
have to wonder. “You can take the world of translators and interpreters as a (37) ______ of the world,” says Nicki
Bone, chairwoman of the board of the Institute of Translating and Interpreting. Not all of them are adjusting. “Of
course, we have our (38) ______,” but she adds, “There are also opportunities, and optimists.”
The speed of change, though, has been (39) ______. Increasingly, says Bone, she and her colleagues are
acting as editors of a machine’s first pass, rather than translators of the raw material.
For some, that’s fine. “People will say, ‘OK, instead of working at one rate for this number of words per hour,
I’m working at many more words per hour, but for a much lower rate.’ Some are happy to take on. Some won’t, as
a matter of principle.”
As we are (40) ______ at ChatGPT and its great ability to imitate human writing, translators are,
compared with the rest of the professions, sensitive. Anyway, this technology is here to stay.
5. 【2024·闵行区·二模】
A. contrast B. instructed C. concentratin D. potential E. touching F. played
g
G. better H. specialized I. spot J. follow K. tracing
Unfamiliar Music May Help People Chat at Parties
If you want your guests to be particularly sociable at an upcoming party, make sure you play music they
probably haven’t heard before.
To explore how background music affects the way we 31 conversations, researchers Jane Brown andGavin Bidelman conducted a study analyzing the brain activity of 31 individuals aged 21 and 33. During the
experiment, participants listened to 72 minutes of an audiobook (有声读物), which the pair used as a replacement
for 32 on someone talking, while background music was accompanied by the audiobook for most of the time.
For half of the experiment, the participants were asked to focus on 2-minute parts of an unfamiliar audiobook
read by a man. The rest of the time, they were told to focus on four background songs, which were similarly 33
for 2 minutes at a time. This 34 in voices aimed to assess participants’ ability to shift attention between two
distinctly different voices.
During the experiment, all the participants wore 35 caps to monitor the electrical activity taking place in
their brains. This 36 of electrical activity was the key. It allowed Brown and Bidelman to discover how
efficiently these individuals could focus on either the audiobook or the music when 37 to do so. The
finding revealed that the participants could 38 turn their attention to the audiobook if the background
music was unfamiliar to them.
Following the task, the participants completed a music perception survey evaluating their musical skills, such
as the capacity to 39 whether a pair of similar-sounding tunes are the same. Notably, those with lower musical
scores demonstrated slower attentional shifts between songs and audiobooks, suggesting a(n) 40 link between
musical ability and attention management skills.
6. 【2024·浦东新区·二模】
A. backfire B. compensate C. extend D. impressive E. meaningful
F. measure G. needle H. overall I. perceive J. punishment K. typically
Why You Shouldn’t Exercise to Lose Weight
Many of us are lacing up our sneakers and starting (or restarting) exercise regimens(练身计划) in hopes of
shedding unwanted pounds. Unquestionably, aiming to be more active is good. But if the main reason is to lose
weight, your New Year’s resolution could very well __31__.
For starters, exercise — at least the kind most of us do — is __32__ ineffective for weight loss. Take walking,
for example. A 150-pound person who walks briskly for 30 minutes will burn, on average, around 140 calories.
That’s equal to one can of soda — not exactly a great return on your investment of time and effort. It’s much easier
just to skip the soda.
Studies __33__ show that doing moderate-intensity aerobic exercise such as walking for 30 minutes a day, five
days a week — the amount recommended for good health — typically produces little or no weight loss by itself.
When moderate exercise is added to diet, the results are equally not __34__. Pooling data from six trials,researchers found that a combination of diet and exercise generated no greater weight loss than diet alone after six
months.
In studies where exercise has produced __35__ weight loss, participants burned at least 400 to 500 calories per
session on five or more days a week. To achieve that, sessions need to go well beyond what most of us are willing
or able to do. And even if we manage to exert that much effort, our bodies often __36__ by boosting appetite and
dialing down metabolism, effects that over time limit how many pounds we shed.
Perhaps the biggest problem with exercising to drop pounds is that it turns physical activity into __37__. How
many times have you heard someone say (or said yourself) “I’ll need to do extra exercise” after eating too much
during the holidays or at a celebratory dinner?
The point is that we’re more likely to __38__ exercise positively and actually do it when we focus on our well-
being rather than our weight. The incentive may be an improved mood or less stress. Others may find that exercise
makes them feel physically and mentally stronger.
Of course, the benefits of physical activity __39__ well beyond these. It’s been shown to reduce the risk of
multiple diseases. It can also improve sleep and boost energy.
By all means, striving to exercise regularly in the new year is perhaps the most important thing you can do
for your health. But to improve the odds of success, focus on how movement helps you feel better physically and
emotionally — and forget about how it moves the __40__ on the scale.
7. 【2024·普陀区·二模】
A. empowers B. termed C. interaction D. implications E. advances
F. question G. obtained H. additionally I. pressure J. currently K. defining
A New Era of Creative Partnerships
In a new paper in a Nature Human Behavior special issue on AI, researcher Janet Rafner from Aarhus Institute
of Advanced Studies and Center for Hybrid Intelligence at Aarhus University and Prof. Jacob Sherson, director of
the Center for Hybrid Intelligence, together with international partners, discuss research and societal (31) ______ of
creativity and AI.
The team of researchers argue that we should direct our attention to understanding and developing co-
creativity, the interaction between humans and machines towards what is (32) ______ a human-centered AI and
hybrid intelligence. In this way we will be able to develop interfaces(界面) that at the same time ensure both
high degrees of automatization through AI and human control and hereby supporting a relationship that best (33)
______ each other.Rafner comments: To date, most studies on human-AI co-creativity come from the field of human-computer
(34) ______ and focus on the abilities of the AI, and the interaction design and dynamics.
While these (35) ______ are key for understanding the dynamics between humans and algorithms(算法) and
human attitudes towards the co-creative process and product, there is an urgent need to enrich these applications
with the insights about creativity (36) ______ over the past decades in the psychological sciences.
“Right now, we need to move the conversation away from questions like Can AI be creative? One reason for
this is that (37) ______ creativity is not set in stone. When investigating human only, machine only, and human-
AI co-creativity, we need to consider the type and level of creativity under (38) ______, from everyday creative
activities that are perhaps more suitable to machine automatization to contributions that may require higher-level
human intervention; (39) ______, it is much more meaningful to consider some questions like, what are the
similarities and differences in human cognition, behavior, motivation and self-efficacy(自我效能) between human-
AI co-creativity and human creativity?”explains Rafner.
We, (40) ______, don’t know enough about co-creativity between humans and machines, because the line
between humans and artificial intelligence isn’t always clear. Looking ahead, researchers should balance predictive
accuracy with theoretical understanding, towards the goal of developing intelligent systems to both measure and
enhance human creativity.
8. 【2024·松江区·二模】
A．accompanied B．allowed C．feasibly D．fueled
E．intensity F．option G．prompting H．routine
I．surgically J．underlying K．varied
Brain Signals for Lasting Pain
Brain signals that reveal how much pain a person is in have been discovered by scientists who say the work is
a step towards new treatments for people living with lasting pain.
It is the first time researchers have decoded the brain activity 31 patients’ lasting pain. That has raised the
hope that brain stimulation treatment already used for Parkinson’s and major depression can help those running out
of any other 32 . “We’ve learned that lasting pain can be tracked and predicted in the real world,” said Prasad
Shirvalkar, lead researcher on the project at the University of California.
Lasting pain affects nearly 28 million adults in the UK alone, and the causes are 33 . ranging from cancer
to back problems. That being the case, lasting pain has 34 a rise in taking powerful painkillers. But no
medical treatments work well for the condition, 35 experts to call for a complete rethink in how healthservices handle patients with lasting pain.
For the latest study, Shirvalkar and his colleagues 36 implanted electrodes（电极） into four
patients with lasting pain hard to deal with after the loss of legs. The devices 37 the patients to
record activity and collect data in two brain regions— the ACC and the OFC—at the press of one button on a
remote handset. Several times a day, the volunteers were asked to complete short surveys on the 38 of pain,
meaning how strong the pain was, and then record their brain activity. These scientists, armed with the survey
responses and brain recordings, found they could use computers to predict a person’s pain based on the electrical
signals in their OFC. “We found very different brain activity 39 severe pain and have developed an objective
biomarker for that kind of pain,” said Shirvalkar. The finding may explain, at least in part, why 40 painkillers
are less effective for lasting pain. “The hope is that we can use the information to develop personalized brain
stimulation treatment for the most severe forms of pain.”
