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正正式式出出版版 初初中中英英语语 88年年级级下下册册 封封面面..iinndddd 11 22002255//1122//1100 0088::5588义 务 教 育 教 科 书
八年级
下册
人民教育出版社 课程教材研究所 编著
·北 京·
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用主 编：刘道义 郑旺全
分册主编：张献臣
编写人员（以姓氏笔画为序）：
宇文利 李 晓 吴莎莎 宋春燕
张琳琳 陆锡钦 林玉琴 周宁之
责任编辑：熊金霞
责任设计：胡白珂
责任校对：王 晶
责任印制：张 灿
义务教育教科书 英语 八年级 下册
人民教育出版社 课程教材研究所 编著
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仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用致同学
亲爱的同学们，欢迎你们进入八年级下学期的学习！在这个学期，
本套教科书将继续陪伴你们完成更有挑战性的任务，取得更大进步。
本套教科书各单元以主题为引领，以问题为线索，以活动为途
径，关联现实生活，体现时代特征，包含丰富的文化内容。学习这套
教科书可以帮助你们发展语言能力，培育文化意识，提升思维品质，
提高学习能力，树立国际视野，涵养家国情怀，坚定文化自信，形成
正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。
八年级下册共有八个单元，单元主题在深度和广度上都有所提升。
第一单元探讨如何兼顾学习和休闲、平衡工作和生活。第二单元通过
描述身体健康问题和安全事故，培养你们的生命安全意识。第三单元
关注青少年成长中的“烦恼”，帮助你们做好心理调节，拥有积极乐
观的心态。第四单元介绍壮美的自然奇观，希望你们热爱自然，保护
自然，理解挑战自我和探索自然的意义。第五单元描述自然灾害对人
类的影响，引导你们敬畏自然，提高防灾减灾意识。第六单元介绍不
同文化的传统和习俗，帮助你们增强文化自信，培养跨文化理解与沟
通能力。第七单元展现中外经典文学作品，带你们领略文学魅力，提
升文学素养，希望你们得到心灵的滋养和人生的感悟。第八单元聚焦
志愿者活动，希望你们心中有大爱，乐于助人，无私奉献。
读书破万卷，下笔如有神。希望你们继续加强阅读和写作，多思
考、多实践；积极利用英语学习资源，勤练习、勤反思。相信在学期
结束时，你们的英语水平一定会迈上一个新台阶！
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用CONTENTS
Unit Section A
How do you spend your free time?
1
Time to
Relax Listening: A survey on free-time activities
A conversation about taking up a hobby
Why are free-
Speaking: Talk about hobbies and reasons for taking up a hobby
time activities
important?
Grammar: Infinitives as adverbials and object complements
p.1
What should we do when we don’t feel well?
2
Stay
Healthy Listening: Conversations about health problems
Speaking: Act out a conversation between a doctor and a patient
How do we
take care of
ourselves?
Grammar: Modal verbs for advice (should, could)
Reflexive pronouns
p.11
3 What makes you upset?
Growing Up
Listening: Conversations about a problem between friends
How do we
Speaking: Talk about feelings and share solutions
deal with our
emotions?
Grammar: Conjunctions (although, until, so that)
p.21
What is amazing about nature?
4
The Wonders
of Nature Listening: A geography game show
A Q&A session with a deep-sea researcher
How do we Speaking: Talk about geographical features in China
connect with
nature?
Grammar: Comparative and superlative adjectives / adverbs (review)
Large numbers
p.31
II
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Section B *Project
How can a hobby improve your life?
Do a survey on popular
free-time activities
Reading: A description of two teenagers’ hobbies
Writing: Write about your hobby
Vocabulary: Collocations related to free-time activities
How should we stay safe?
Make a health
brochure
Reading: A story about a cooking accident
Writing: Write a doctor-patient conversation
Vocabulary: Words describing health problems
Word endings (-self / -selves, -less, -ache)
How can we stay positive?
Share and solve
problems
Reading: A story about a teenager’s problem with his team
Writing: Write a thank-you letter
Vocabulary: Positive and negative adjectives about feelings and emotions
Why do we explore nature?
Design a poster about a
natural wonder
Reading: An article about Chinese achievements on Mount
Qomolangma
Writing: Write an advertisement for a natural wonder
Vocabulary: Opposite words
How + adjective / adverb
III
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Unit Section A
What happens during a natural disaster?
5
Nature’s
Temper Listening: Conversations about experiences during natural disasters
Street interviews after a typhoon and a weather report
How do natural Speaking: Talk about experiences during a typhoon
disasters affect
our lives?
Grammar: Past continuous tense
p.41
How different are our cultures?
6
Crossing
Cultures Listening: Conversations about greetings from different cultures
A conversation about Indian customs
How do we
Speaking: Give advice on table manners
communicate
with people
from different Grammar: Conjunctions (so … that, unless, as soon as)
cultures?
p.51
What great books have you read?
7
A Good
Read Listening: Conversations about different types of books
Book reports
Why should Speaking: Exchange ideas about a book you have read
we read great
books?
Grammar: Present perfect tense (already, yet, never, ever, just)
p.61
What can we do to help?
8
Making a
Listening: Interviews with volunteers
Difference
Conversations about volunteering
Speaking: Talk about volunteer experiences
Why should we
help others?
Grammar: Present perfect tense (since, for)
p.71
*Reading Plus p.81 Grammar p.105
Listening Scripts p.95 Vocabulary in Each Unit p.113
IV
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Section B *Project
What can we do to prepare for the worst?
Make a chain story
Listening: Conversations about experiences during natural disasters Reading: A story about a girl who saved people from a tsunami
Street interviews after a typhoon and a weather report Writing: Write a story about a day with bad weather
Speaking: Talk about experiences during a typhoon
Grammar: Past continuous tense Vocabulary: Collocations related to natural disasters
Compound words
How do we show respect to other cultures?
Compare two countries’
Listening: Conversations about greetings from different cultures Reading: An email about French party manners
customs
A conversation about Indian customs Writing: Write an email to give advice on Chinese customs
Speaking: Give advice on table manners
Grammar: Conjunctions (so … that, unless, as soon as) Vocabulary: Prefixes (un-, in- / im-)
Adjectives (-ing, -ed)
What can we learn from great books?
Make a reading log
Reading: A summary of The Secret Garden
Writing: Write a book report
Grammar: Present perfect tense (already, yet, never, ever, just) Vocabulary: Suffixes of adjectives
Words with different parts of speech
How does helping others make a difference?
Start a volunteer group
Reading: A speech by a volunteer from Blue Sky Rescue
Writing: Write an application email
Vocabulary: Words and phrases related to volunteering
Vocabulary A–Z p.125 Irregular Verbs p.137
Vocabulary from Primary School p.136
V
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用1
Time to Relax
UNIT
Why are free-time activities
BIG important?
Question
In this unit, you will Look and share
1. talk about how you spend your free time. 1. What is the girl in the photo doing?
2. describe different free-time activities and hobbies. 2. Do you like this activity?
3. use infinitives to show purpose or provide more 3. Do you think this activity helps us
information about a sentence’s object. to relax? Why?
4. explore why people need time to relax.
Time to Relax 1
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用E
CTIO
S N
A
How do you spend your free time?
1a Match the activities with the pictures.
playing the flute doing calligraphy painting
skiing hiking programming
A B C
D E F
1b Listen to three interviews. Complete the sentences with the students’
activities.
1. Teng Fei likes after school.
2. Teng Fei also likes at the weekend.
3. Helen loves in her free time.
4. Chen Jie likes to .
1c Listen again. Match the purposes with the statements from 1b.
A. To express feelings. B. To relax.
C. To get some exercise. D. To create an app.
1d Talk about your free-time activities with a partner.
A: What do you do in your free time?
B: I like to …
A: Why do you do it?
B: I do it to …
2 UNIT 1
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用2a What are the challenges of doing these two activities? Share your ideas.
swimming
ice skating
2b Listen to a conversation between Fu Xing and Emma. Tick the things they
talk about.
□ what they are going to do the next day
□ what Emma did at the weekend
□ what Fu Xing did at the weekend
□ challenges of their free-time activities
2c Listen again and complete the sentences.
1. Emma went to the sports centre to .
2. Emma didn’t want to again at first.
3. Fu Xing told Emma that no one expected her to
from the start.
4. The instructor encouraged Emma to and told her
not to give up so easily.
5. Fu Xing used to be scared of water, but she started swimming to
her fear.
2d What was it like when you did your favourite free-time activity for the first
time? Share your experiences.
A: I love singing and performing now. But I was afraid to sing in front of
others at first.
B: Oh, I didn’t know that. What helped you to get over your fear?
A: I practised by performing in front of my friends. That helped me to get
better quickly!
Time to Relax 3
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read the conversation. Circle Peter’s and Yaming’s free-time activities.
Peter: Hey, Yaming! What are you up to?
Yaming: Hi, Peter. I’m doing calligraphy.
Peter: It’s beautiful! What are you writing?
Yaming: It’s a poem by Li Bai. My grandmother
taught me how to write it.
Peter: What’s this character?
Yaming: It’s yue. It means “moon”.
Peter: It’s nice! I like watching you write
like that. But it looks difficult.
Yaming: Well, the first step is always the hardest.
When I started to do calligraphy, I spent
hours practising single strokes.
Peter: I know how that feels! My dad’s teaching me to play the guitar. It’s
difficult, but he always encourages me not to give up.
Yaming: Exactly. Now I do calligraphy to relax. I even like how the ink smells!
Why did you choose to play the guitar?
Peter: I think playing the guitar is cool. Will you teach me to write a poem? I
can teach you to play a song in return.
Yaming: It’s a deal!
3b Read again and answer the questions.
1. What words does Peter use to describe Yaming’s work?
2. What does Yaming like about his hobby?
3. What are the similarities between Yaming’s and Peter’s hobbies?
4. What do you think “The first step is always the hardest” means?
5. How do you usually feel when you manage to do something difficult?
Give an example.
3c Listen to the conversation. Then role-play it.
3d Discuss the reasons why you do your hobbies. You can use the expressions
to help you.
● It makes me feel happy to … ● It helps me to …
● It’s a great way to … ● When I started to …, I …
4 UNIT 1
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Grammar Focus
4a Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object
complement or adverbial.
What do you do in your free time? I play the flute to relax.
How did you spend your weekend? I went to the sports centre to ice-skate.
How did you get into painting? I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go.
What did your instructor say? She told me not to give up so easily.
4b Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. A: Thanks for your advice! It made me (decide) to try skiing.
B: You’re welcome. Try (forget) your fears and have fun!
2. A: My cousin often asks me (fly) kites with her when it’s
windy.
B: That sounds fun! I’d love to watch you (fly) kites sometime.
3. A: I love to watch kung fu movies (relax).
B: Really? When I want (relax), I watch animal videos.
4. A: My parents told me (not push) myself too hard.
B: Yes, it’s important (not forget) to relax once in a while.
4c Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What
do you usually do outdoors?
(not) come do listen play spend stay watch
My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I
often meet my friends football and tennis. My brother joined
us to play football once or twice, but he decided after that. He
doesn’t like sport very much! Instead, he likes at home and
movies, to music, and chat with friends online.
Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also
wanted us more time together as a family. So, now they let
us our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we
go on a family outing together!
Time to Relax 5
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用E
CTIO
S N
B
How can a hobby improve your life?
1a In what ways does your hobby help to make your life better? Tick the ones
that are true for you. You may add more.
My hobby helps me ...
□ to relax □ to make new friends
□ to learn a new skill □ to reduce stress
□ to try new things □
Identifying facts and opinions
1b Read the text. Underline Facts are statements that are true. On the
the two students’ opinions. other hand, opinions express a feeling or
belief. They may or may not be true. Look for
key words like “think” or “believe” to help you
identify whether a statement is an opinion.
Hobbies That Are Good for You
When work or school is over, what do you do to pass the time? Do you
spend time on your hobbies? Reading or listening to music can help us to
calm down after a busy day. Physical hobbies, such as playing tennis or doing
yoga, can help us to keep fit. And some hobbies are creative. For example,
people sometimes paint pictures to remember a beautiful landscape or
object, or reduce stress.
Luca Bruno likes to be creative in his free time. But he doesn’t make art or
write stories. Instead, this Italian teenager finds it fun to make mobile phone
apps. He thinks that apps can be a great way to help people. He started
programming when he was ten, after he read about famous businessmen who
started out as programmers. His latest app allows people around the world
to find study partners for learning Italian. They can learn Italian and make
friends at the same time!
“It gives me such a sense of achievement to see people using the app,” says
Luca. “I believe I’m helping people around the world to learn Italian!”
Some people prefer not to make things. They prefer to collect them! In
India, Maya Badal doesn’t collect coins or stamps. Instead, this teenage girl
collects postcards!
6 UNIT 1
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用“I know some people think postcards are rather old-fashioned, but I think
they’re a good way to learn about different places,” Maya says. “I think it’s
interesting to see the beautiful buildings and landscapes in foreign countries.”
Maya’s first postcard shows the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang. Her dad sent
it to her when she was five, and she liked it so much that she put it up on
her bedroom wall! Now there are over one hundred postcards from thirty-two
countries on Maya’s walls. She dreams of travelling to these places in the future!
1c Read the text again and complete the mind map.
What his What her
hobby is hobby is
When he
When she
started it Luca Hobbies Maya started it
Why he Why she
likes it likes it
1d Read again and complete the sentences with different purposes. Then write
about yourself.
1. Some people listen to music to .
2. Others play tennis to .
3. Sometimes people paint pictures to .
4. Luca developed his latest app to .
5. Maya collects postcards to .
6. I .
1e What new hobby would you like to take up and why? Share your ideas.
Time to Relax 7
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Vocabulary in Use
2a Match the words in the box with the verbs below. Some words can go together
with more than one verb.
calligraphy coins poems football ice skating sport
stories tennis stamps postcards guitar skiing
collect do go play write
2b Complete the conversation with the phrases in the box. Use the correct forms
of the verbs.
get over take up give up reduce stress find it fun to (do sth)
A: Hey, I heard you’re thinking about a hobby?
B: Yes, I am. Any suggestions?
A: Well, I paint. It’s a great way and express myself.
B: That sounds fun, but I’m worried about not being good at it.
A: Don’t worry. Everyone starts somewhere. As long as you don’t
, you’ll get better at it over time.
B: Right! I should my fear of failure and just try to have fun.
A: Exactly! Painting is a great way to discover your creative side too.
2c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
achievement instructor chat similarity perform
My biggest inspiration is my dance . When I first started dancing,
I was really scared to in front of others. I didn’t want to talk to
my instructor about it because he seemed very strict.
However, we after class one day, and I
realized that he was surprisingly nice! He told me that
a lot of his students had fears. He helped
me to get over my fear. My greatest so far is
dancing in front of hundreds of people last year. I was
quite calm when I danced on stage, and I had a great
time after all!
8 UNIT 1
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read the posts. Complete the mind map with the information about Shuyin’s
favourite free-time activity.
What is your favourite free-time activity?
Hi, everyone! I’d like to take up a new free-time activity, and
I’m hoping to get some ideas. What do you do? Why do you
like it? Please tell me more!
Jason
UK
I have many free-time activities, like painting, writing poems,
and reading. But my favourite free-time activity is horse riding.
When I was six, I visited my grandfather’s farm, and he took
me to ride a horse. It was such an amazing experience! Now I
ride my favourite horse, Nini, at his farm every weekend.
I love horse riding because I enjoy being in nature. Horse
Shuyin
riding also helps me stay fit. But most importantly, it lets me
China
spend time with Nini! She’s my best friend. She’s happy to
see me whenever I visit, especially when I bring her some
carrots for a snack! I’m lucky to have her in my life.
Shuyin
HOW did it start?
WHEN does she do it now?
WHERE does she do it now?
horse riding
WHY does she like it?
3b Create a similar mind map for your own favourite free-time activity.
3c Write a reply to Jason’s post by introducing your favourite free-time activity.
You can use the expressions to help you.
● My favourite free-time activity is … ● I find it fun to …
● I started this activity when I was … ● It lets me …
● I like to do it because … ● I enjoy … when I …
● It makes me really happy when …
Time to Relax 9
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Project Do a survey on popular free-time
activities
4a In groups, ask one another the following questions. Note down the answers
in a table.
● What free-time activities do you like?
● Why do you like each activity?
Name Free-time activity Reason
playing football It’s a great way to exercise.
Frank listening to music It helps him to relax.
going to the cinema It’s fun.
4b
Create a chart that shows your group’s results. Below is an example.
listening to music
playing a sport
watching TV
reading
playing an instrument
going to the cinema
drawing or painting
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4c
Present your chart and explain it to the class.
In our group, eight people like listening to music. It is the most popular free-time activity.
We like it because …
Reflecting
1. What free-time activities have you learnt about?
2. What free-time activities do you, your friends, and your family do?
3. Which two functions of infinitives have you learnt? Can you use them
properly?
4. Why do you do free-time activities? How do they help you?
5. Why do you think we need time to relax?
All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.
10 UNIT 1
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用2
Stay Healthy
UNIT
How do we take
BIG care of ourselves?
Question
In this unit, you will Look and share
1. talk about health problems and physical conditions. 1. How do you think the boy in the photo
2. give advice to people who are not feeling well. is feeling?
3. use reflexive pronouns to refer to the subject in a 2. Why does he feel that way?
sentence. 3. What do you think he should do?
4. discuss ways to stay healthy and safe.
Stay Healthy 11
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用E
CTIO
S N
A
What should we do when we don’t
feel well?
1a Match the health problems with the pictures.
sore throat stomachache headache
toothache backache cut
A B C
D E F
1b Listen to four conversations. Write the health problems next to the students.
Name Health problem Cause
David at a friend’s birthday party
Ben fell during a
Nancy ate too many
Judy talked too much and didn’t
1c Listen again. Find out the cause of each student’s health problem and
complete the table in 1b.
1d
Choose one conversation from the listening and role-play it.
A: What’s wrong? / What’s the matter? / Are you OK?
B: I have a stomachache. / I’m suffering from a sore throat. / ...
A: What happened?
B: I …
12 UNIT 2
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用2a Match the health problems with the things you should do.
1. sore throat A. clean the area and cover it
2. stomachache B. press down on your nose
3. toothache C. rest and drink enough water
4. cut D. drink some water with honey
5. nosebleed E. see a dentist
6. fever F. put something warm on your stomach
2b Listen to three conversations. Circle the health problems the students have
in 2a. Who got some medicine from the school nurse?
2c Listen again. Complete the school nurse’s advice for each student.
Name Advice
● You shouldn’t next time.
David ● Avoid for now as the gas could make the ache
worse.
● You might need an X-ray.
Nancy ● You could eat some , but no more .
● Remember to carefully.
● on your nose. for a few minutes.
Jeff ● You should be next time. Accidents can happen
when we’re careless.
2d Work in pairs. Take turns to ask for and give advice for different health
problems.
headache fever runny nose cough bruised knee
A: I’m suffering from a very bad headache. / I have a
bruised knee. / ... What should I do?
B: You should go to the doctor. / You could put some
ice on it and get some rest. / ...
Stay Healthy 13
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a
Read the conversation. What’s the matter with Helen?
Doctor: Take a seat, Helen. How are you feeling?
Helen: Not good ... I have a runny nose and a fever.
Doctor: Let me take your temperature ... Oh, it’s
quite high.
Helen: Yes, it started yesterday. I felt so cold, and
I didn’t have much energy. When I tried
to get out of bed, I almost fell and hurt
myself. My throat hurts too.
Doctor: Let’s see. Yes, the back of your throat looks
very red. We’ll need to do a test, but I
believe you have the flu. It’s flu season.
Helen: What should I do, Doctor?
Doctor: You should take some medicine and drink enough water.
Helen: OK, thank you. Can I go to school tomorrow?
Doctor: No, you should rest at home. When you’re outside, please wear a mask.
It stops us from passing the flu virus to others easily.
Helen: I will!
Doctor: And remember, your health is in your hands. If you take good care of
yourself, you’ll get better soon.
3b Read again and write notes in the table.
Helen’s descriptions of her problems The doctor’s advice
3c Listen to the conversation. Then role-play it.
3d Act out a conversation between a doctor and a patient. Use the expressions
below to help you.
Doctor Patient
Asking about injuries / illnesses: Describing injuries / illnesses:
How are you feeling? I feel terrible. / I don’t feel well.
What’s the matter with your …? I have …
Does your … hurt? My … hurts.
Giving advice: Asking for advice:
You should / shouldn’t exercise. What should I do?
Don’t go to school today. Can I go to school tomorrow?
14 UNIT 2
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Grammar Focus
4a Read the sentences. Underline the modal verbs for advice and circle the
reflexive pronouns.
I ate too much last night. You shouldn’t eat so much next
What’s wrong?
Now my stomach aches. time.
You should see the dentist
I have a really bad
What’s the matter? and get an X-ray. You could eat
toothache.
some soft food for now.
Be more careful next time. If we
How did you hurt I hurt myself when I fell
are not careful, we can easily
yourself? off my bike.
hurt ourselves.
4b Complete the sentences using the correct reflexive pronouns.
1. The girl cleaned the cut on her arm by .
2. Be careful when you’re using the knife! Don’t cut .
3. After taking the safety training, we can enjoy in the
mountains.
4. Mr Liu knows how to take care of his health because he used to be a
doctor .
5. The students are young, but they know how to protect .
6. Her clearest memory is not of the race , but the terrible
pain in her legs the next day.
4c Complete the passage with should, shouldn’t, or could.
Mobile phones are useful, but you use them wisely. To
protect your eyes, every 20 minutes, you rest your eyes and
look at something far away. What’s more, you change your
screen’s brightness to try and match your environment and make the words
on the screen bigger. Of course, you look at your phone just
before you go to bed, and you certainly look at it when you
cross the road! In fact, you avoid using your phone too
often. You listen to music instead of watching videos. You
also talk to your friends instead of sending them messages.
4d Act out an illness or injury. Have the others guess what it is and give
advice.
● Do you have a sore throat / bad cold / …?
● Did you fall from your bike / cut yourself / …?
● You should / could / shouldn’t …
Stay Healthy 15
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用E
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B
How should we stay safe?
1a Discuss the questions.
1. Look at the picture in 1b. Can you describe what is happening?
2. Do you know what to do if oil catches fire?
1b Read the story and find out how the fire started.
A Cooking Accident
James lived in the city with his friend Allen. It was their first time living
away from their families, and they enjoyed learning how to do many things
themselves.
One Saturday, James decided to make fried chicken. First, he poured
oil into a pan. Then he turned on the stove and left the oil to heat while he
prepared the chicken. Just then, he heard the front door open, followed by
the sound of Allen singing.
“Guess what,” Allen called out happily. “We won!”
“No way!” James followed him into the living room. He wanted to hear
all about the football game! Suddenly, Allen stopped talking and looked up.
“Hey, do you smell something burning?”
“Oh no!”
They both rushed back into the kitchen.
The pan was on fire! Large flames were
jumping into the air. In a panic, James turned
off the stove at once. But he was so close to
the pan that a flame jumped onto his shirt.
James cried out and threw himself to the
floor. He put out the fire by rolling on the
ground, but the pan was still burning!
“Get water, quick!” he shouted.
Allen was about to do so when he stopped short. Thanks to the first aid and
safety classes he took at school, he knew that water could make oil fires much
worse! Instead, he rushed to get the fire extinguisher. In seconds, the fire in
the burning pan was put out.
16 UNIT 2
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用“Are you OK?” Allen asked his friend.
“I think so,” James said. It was lucky that his shirt wasn’t too thin! His
arm was red, but it didn’t hurt very much.
“Maybe we should eat out tonight,” James said as he ran cool water over
his arm.
“Sure, we could do that. What do you want?”
“Anything but fried chicken,” he said sadly.
1c Read the story again. Number the events in the correct order.
James followed Allen into the living room.
1 James heated some oil on the stove.
James rolled on the ground.
James turned off the stove, but his shirt caught fire.
Allen got the fire extinguisher and put out the fire.
The pan was on fire.
Summarizing a text
1d Read again. Complete the summary of
When you summarize a text,
the story using the details in 1c. Then
you leave out details that are
retell the story.
not important and only tell
the main points of the story.
James lived with his friend Allen in
Summarizing what you read
the city. One day, he decided to make
will help you understand and
a meal. He and remember the story better.
prepared some chicken. When Allen
returned home, James to talk about a football game.
Suddenly, they smelt smoke and found . James rushed
to turn off the stove, but his shirt . He threw himself
to the floor and until the fire was out. Allen quickly
and put out the fire. Luckily, James was not badly
hurt.
1e Discuss the questions.
1. What do you think of James’s and Allen’s actions in the story?
2. What dos and don’ts did you learn from the story?
3. What could start a fire at home? What should we do to keep ourselves safe
from harm?
Stay Healthy 17
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Vocabulary in Use
2a What do these word endings mean? Complete the table with the correct
endings.
-self / -selves -less -ache
(without) (pain) (a person or thing on their own)
colour back my our
care head your your
harm stomach it_____ them
pain tooth him
her
2b Complete the sentences with the correct words in brackets.
1. The little boy fell off his chair and cried out in . (pain, ache)
2. If you don’t wear a mask, you might the flu. (take, catch)
3. Be careful when you do sport. If you get a(n) , you’ll have to
rest for some time. (injury, pain)
4. Tom’s ear , so the doctor gave him some pills for it.
(suffer, hurt)
5. Lifting those heavy boxes all morning made my arms really .
(harmful, sore)
2c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
injury X-ray avoid aid throw colour
Kelly looked at her phone. She was late,
and her exam was starting in 10 minutes!
Suddenly, something hit her hard and
her to the ground.
“Are you all right?” the driver cried out.
His face was with fear. But Kelly
didn’t say anything. She was suffering from shock and her arm was bleeding.
“Don’t worry. I know first ! I’ll call for help too!” the driver said.
At the hospital, the doctor checked Kelly’s arm carefully. An
showed that her right arm was broken. “You’re lucky that your
wasn’t worse,” said the doctor.
“You’re right,” Kelly said. “I’ll looking at my phone while
crossing the road next time.”
18 UNIT 2
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read the short story. Retell what happened to a partner.
One Saturday, Julie invited Mark and Lucy to her house for
lunch. Her parents weren’t home, so they had it all to themselves.
They ordered pizza, salad, and juice. But in the middle of the meal, Mark
started to feel strange. His face felt warm, and his throat felt tight.
“Were there any peanuts in our food?” he asked nervously.
“I think I tasted peanuts in the salad,” said Julie. “What’s the matter?”
“Oh no, I’m allergic to peanuts!” Mark cried. His friends jumped into
action and took him to the hospital at once.
At the hospital, Mark’s friends told Dr
Cooper what happened, and she gave Mark
some medicine right away. When Mark felt
better, the doctor asked him some questions
and gave him some advice.
“I’ll take better care of myself from now
on,” Mark promised. It was a day he would
never forget.
3b Read Dr Cooper’s questions and advice for Mark. Imagine how Mark
responded. Make notes.
Dr Cooper Mark
ate something at my friend’s place;
What happened just now?
felt strange
Do you know what you are allergic to?
When did you start to feel sick?
How much salad did you eat?
What happened after you ate the salad?
You should always check the ingredients
of anything you eat or drink.
3c Use your notes in 3b to write a conversation between Dr Cooper and Mark.
Mark: Thank you, Dr Cooper. I feel much better now.
Dr Cooper: That’s good. What happened just now?
Mark: Well, I ate something at my friend’s place, and then I started to feel
strange.
Dr Cooper: Do you know what you are allergic to?
Mark: Yes, I ...
Stay Healthy 19
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Project Make a health brochure
4a Imagine your school is holding a health awareness event. Work in a group
and choose a health problem to focus on.
●food allergy ●toothache ●headache ●backache
●eye strain ●cut ●burn ●
4b Do some research on the health problem your group chose. Use the
questions to help you.
● What causes this health problem?
● How might you feel when you have it?
● Why is it important to deal with it?
● What should we do to treat it and avoid it?
● What other facts do you know about it?
4c Create a health brochure as a group. Then present it to the class.
WHY it is important to act now:
Vision Care 101
●Eye strain can cause our vision to
get worse over time.
Protect your eyes from
DIGITAL EYE STRAIN
WHAT you can do:
●Reduce screen time.
●Do eye exercises.
HOW you may get it:
●Visit an eye doctor if necessary.
●Using a phone or computer for
a long time
WHAT problems you may have:
●Tired eyes ●Dry eyes
Take a Every 20 Look at something
●Headache ●Double vision 20-second break minutes 20 feet away
Reflecting
1. Can you identify and describe different health problems?
2. What advice can you give for different health problems?
3. Can you use reflexive pronouns properly in a sentence?
4. How do you think we can stay healthy and keep ourselves safe?
Health is not everything, but you have
nothing without it.
20 UNIT 2
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3
Growing Up
UNIT
How do we deal with
BIG our emotions?
Question
In this unit, you will Look and share
1. talk about different emotions in life. 1. Do you think the people in the photo
2. use adverbial clauses with although, until, and so that get along?
to show concession, time, or purpose. 2. Who do you often speak to when you
3. give advice to a friend who is feeling down. have problems?
4. find more ways to manage your emotions and stay 3. How does it help you?
positive. Growing Up 21
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What makes you upset?
1a Look at the words under the pictures. What situations will give you such
feelings?
A B C D
excited afraid shy upset
E F G H
angry lonely shocked worried
1. failing a test 5. watching a scary movie
2. living alone 6. fighting with a friend
3. hearing about a sick friend 7. seeing an accident happen
4. meeting old friends 8. meeting a new person
1b Listen to the conversation. Number the sentences in the correct order.
Ella advised Peter to call Harry.
1 Harry borrowed a guitar from Peter.
____ Harry stopped speaking to Peter.
____ Peter said hurtful things to Harry.
____ Peter found an ugly mark on his guitar when Harry returned it.
1c Listen again. Circle Peter’s feelings.
1. Peter was shy / worried when he talked to Ella.
2. Peter felt upset / lonely after his fight with Harry.
3. Peter couldn’t control his fear / anger when he talked to Harry.
1d Role-play a conversation between Peter and Ella. Give Peter more advice.
A: If you did something wrong, maybe you should say sorry first.
B: I guess I could do that. But I don’t know how.
A: You could …
22 UNIT 3
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用2a You are going to hear a conversation between Peter and Harry. Tick the
sentences each person might say.
What might they say? Peter Harry
I’m sorry.
I feel bad about it.
Don’t worry about it.
I’ll be more careful in future.
I forgive you.
It was my fault.
I didn’t mean to do it.
2b Listen to the conversation. Circle T for true or F for false.
1. Harry called Peter first to say sorry. T F
2. Harry didn’t care about the fight. T F
3. Peter and Harry said sorry to each other. T F
4. Peter got the guitar on his eighth birthday. T F
5. Both Peter and Harry thought their friendship was important. T F
2c Listen again. Complete the summary of the conversation.
Peter accepted Ella’s suggestion and called Harry so that he could say sorry.
Harry also felt about the fight and wanted to to Peter
so that they could clear the air. Peter told Harry the guitar was a birthday
present from his , and it meant a lot to him. After saying sorry,
Harry told Peter he would be more in future.
2d Tick the situations you have experienced before. You can also choose
something else. Talk to a partner about them.
□ argued with a friend □ talked to a stranger
□ lost something special □ hurt someone you were close to
□ lost a game or match □
A: I once lost a watch my dad gave me.
B: How did that make you feel?
A: I was very upset, and I was afraid to tell my dad about it too.
B: Did you find the watch in the end?
A: No, I didn’t.
B: That’s too bad!
Growing Up 23
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read the conversation. Do you think Judy and her parents communicate well?
Lily: What’s wrong, Judy?
Judy: Well, my parents aren’t happy with my
grades.
Lily: Really? Weren’t they pretty good this
term?
Judy: Yeah, but my parents have very high
standards. They often compare me with
my cousin, Kate. She gets better grades, plays the piano well, often
wins awards ...
Lily: I’m sorry to hear that. But look on the bright side. I’m sure your
parents just want you to do well, although they may not show it.
Judy: I know my parents love me, but sometimes I think they love Kate more.
Lily: Why don’t you talk to them? Until you talk to them, they might not
know how you feel.
Judy: I’m afraid I’ll cry if we talk.
Lily: How about writing them a letter so that you can get your message
across clearly?
Judy: Oh, that’s a good idea.
Lily: Writing things down can also make you feel better.
Judy: Thanks! Just talking to you makes me feel better already!
3b Read the conversation again and complete the mind map.
Judy’s problem
Judy’s parents have very Lily’s opinion Lily’s advice
high .
Judy’s parents Judy can .
Judy’s parents often just want her to
her with her . Judy can also
cousin, Kate. .
3c Listen to the conversation. Then role-play it.
3d Work in pairs. Imagine one of you is Judy and the other is her parent.
Role-play a conversation after Judy’s parents read the letter.
A: I’m sorry, Judy. I didn’t realize you were so stressed. Would you like to
talk about it?
B: OK, Mum / Dad. I’m feeling a lot of pressure because …
24 UNIT 3
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Grammar Focus
4a Read the sentences. Pay attention to the words in bold and translate the
sentences into Chinese.
Although you argued, you are still very close friends.
You won’t know how he feels until you talk to him.
You can write to your parents so that they’ll know how you feel.
If you did or said something wrong, you should say sorry.
4b Complete the sentences with although, until, so that, or if.
1. you feel upset about something, you should speak to a person
you trust about it.
2. people might hurt you sometimes, it doesn’t always mean
that they did it on purpose.
3. Talk to your loved ones whenever you feel good or bad you
can double your joy and cut your problems in half.
4. You won’t understand why she got upset you put yourself in
her shoes.
4c Read the passage about managing stress. Then complete the sentences.
There are many things you can do when you feel stressed. First, you can
take a break from what you are doing. This will help you clear your mind.
You can listen to music or go for a walk. Next, share your problems with
someone you trust instead of shutting yourself away. The person might not
have any advice for you, but talking about your problems can help you feel
better. Lastly, remember to take care of yourself. Eat healthy food, exercise,
and get enough sleep. These three things alone are great for reducing stress!
1. If , you should take a break from what you are doing.
2. You can talk to a person you trust, although .
3. You might not feel better until .
4. You should eat healthy food, get plenty of sleep, and exercise so that
!
4d Complete the sentences and share your ideas.
1. If I spend more time studying, .
2. until you can control your anger.
3. Although others might say bad things about you, .
4. so that I’ll be happier.
Growing Up 25
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B
How can we stay positive?
1a Read the idioms. Underline the ones that are negative. Do you know other
idioms that describe feelings?
1. a light heart / a heavy heart 2. feel blue / feel on top of the world
3. have a long face / be all smiles 4. in low spirits / in high spirits
1b Read the story. What mistake did Matt make at the basketball game?
You Can’t Win Them All
When the bell rang, Matt entered the
classroom with a heavy heart. “Hey, Matt,”
his best friend Tom greeted him. He and
Tom were in the school’s basketball team.
“Why the long face? Are you still feeling
blue about Saturday night’s game?” Tom
asked.
“Of course I am,” Matt said quietly. He
didn’t dare to look at Tom as he spoke. “I’m
really sorry about letting everybody down.
The other team got those points because of me.”
“Don’t be too hard on yourself!” Tom said. “Although you pushed their
player, it was just an accident. Everyone knows that!”
Tom was a good friend. But Matt knew the referee didn’t share Tom’s
opinion. When the referee saw Matt push another player, he gave the other
team two free throws. Matt was as shocked as anyone else when the accident
happened, but it was too late. He couldn’t take it back.
“I guess we have to respect his decision,” Matt said after a while. “But we
had a good chance to win until I made that mistake. Why wasn’t I more careful?”
“Listen, Matt,” said Tom, “try to look on the bright side. The other team is
the best in our area, but our scores were really close. I’m proud of us, and I know
our coach and everyone else in our school are as well.”
Matt felt a bit better. “Thanks, Tom. I guess it’s just hard to lose.”
“Hey, you can’t win them all,” said Tom. “It’s more important to learn
from your mistakes so that you don’t repeat them in future. We’ll keep working
together as a team. One for all, and all for one, right?”
“You’re right. If we pull together, we should win next time,” Matt smiled.
He was lucky to have a friend like Tom!
26 UNIT 3
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用1c Read the story again. Complete the problems and solutions.
PROBLEM SOLUTION
Matt felt sorry about letting his Tom advised Matt not to be too
team down. on himself.
Matt felt shocked when the
Matt tried to the
referee gave the other team
referee’s decision.
.
Tom helped Matt to realize that
Matt felt bad about not being
everyone was still of
more .
their team.
Tom told him that he couldn’t
Matt found it hard to . always win, and that they would
keep working .
1d Read again and answer the questions.
1. How did Tom know that Matt was sad when he saw him?
2. Why did Tom feel proud of their team even though they lost?
3. What did Tom say to make Matt feel better?
4. What can you learn from Matt’s story?
1e Replace the underlined words with the idioms from the story.
1. Edward noticed that his friend
had a sad expression. Recognizing idioms
2. The musician apologized for Idioms can make a text more
powerful. The meaning of idioms
disappointing everyone when he
differs from their literal meaning,
fell sick and couldn’t attend the but the words that make up these
expressions provide valuable clues.
show.
3. When something goes wrong, it’s easy to get angry. But if you think about
the good things in that bad situation, you’ll feel better.
4. Even if you try your best, you can’t always succeed or win.
5. When you work together as a group, you can achieve great things.
1f Role-play a conversation between Matt and his coach.
A: I’m sorry I made a mistake on Saturday, Coach.
B: It’s OK. I was disappointed, but I know you didn’t mean to do it.
A: …
Growing Up 27
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Vocabulary in Use
2a Put the words in the box into the correct groups.
joyful angry shocked stressed worried hurtful thankful
upset excited lonely afraid shy proud calm
Positive Negative
2b Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
1. A: What should I do if I feel after moving to a new city?
B: Try to make new friends. A sense of belonging can help you to fight
the feeling of . (lonely)
2. A: Did you hear the news? I was to hear about the fight
yesterday.
B: It was a to me too. We should say no to bullying. (shock)
3. A: I’m sorry I shouted at you just now. I was just feeling .
B: I know you didn’t mean to do that. People can behave differently
under . (stress)
4. A: I’m really that I’ll be late for the physics class. I lay awake
most of the night because my neighbour’s baby was crying. I woke up
late this morning and missed the bus.
B: Don’t . Ms Wood will understand if you tell her what
happened. (worry)
2c Replace the underlined words with the correct forms of the words in the box.
decision hurt anger relaxed bit negative
Although it is normal to get mad at others from time to time,
we should always try our best to control our anger instead of
Mad 5
expressing it in bad ways. When we’re mad, we might shout at
Angry 4
other people or say mean things to them. After all, anger is like
a fire. It can make you hurt others or yourself! Luckily, there Stressed 3
are a few simple things you can do to stay calm. For example, Not OK 2
try taking a deep breath. That gives you an opportunity to calm
Calm 1
down and become a little less angry. You can also take a walk, go
for a run, or write about your feelings. Getting angry is normal,
but what you choose to do with your anger is up to you!
28 UNIT 3
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read Kelly’s thank-you letter to her teacher. Why is Kelly thankful?
Dear Mrs Thompson,
I want to thank you for being my teacher. You took the time to help me,
although you were so busy.
Your classes always made me happy. I used to think that science was
boring and difficult, and I did badly in class. I never liked science until I
took your class. You encouraged me and made science lessons fun, and
slowly, I grew more confident.
I also want to thank you for being kind to me. You helped
me a lot, especially after my grandmother passed away.
I couldn’t talk about my feelings to anybody until you
sat with me during lunch that day. You listened to me
and talked with me so that I felt much better. That
day will always remain in my mind. Thank you so much
for being not only my teacher but also my friend.
Sincerely,
Kelly Smith
3b Who would you like to thank the most? Make notes.
The person I want to thank:
What difficulties I faced How he / she helped me
3c Write your own thank-you letter. You can use your notes in 3b and the
expressions below to help you.
● Thank you for helping me to … ● Thank you very much for your …
● On that day, I …, and you helped me to … ● I am very thankful because …
● I didn’t / couldn’t …, but you … ● When I …, you were there to …
Growing Up 29
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Project Share and solve problems
4a Think about a problem that makes you worried or upset. Write it on a piece of
paper. Do not include your name.
Some teenage problems
● too much stress ● worries about the future
● poor relationships ● school bullying
4b Collect all the pieces of paper and put them in a box.
4c
Work in groups. Take one piece of paper from the box each time. Discuss the
problem and provide your suggestions.
I find it hard to make friends. I’m afraid to talk to others,
although I want to get to know them better.
4d Present the problem and your suggestions to the class.
The problem our group received is: “I find it hard to make
friends.” Here are some of our suggestions for this friend.
First, you can join a sports club. If you are afraid to talk to
others, you could focus on the sport first. You can work
together with a team and get to know more people later.
Second, you could …
Reflecting
1. Can you talk about positive and negative emotions?
2. Can you understand and use clauses with although, until, and so that?
3. What support or advice can you give others when they are angry, upset, or
stressed?
4. What can you do to manage your own emotions and stay positive?
A problem shared is a problem halved.
30 UNIT 3
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用4
The Wonders
UNIT
of Nature
How do we connect
BIG with nature?
Question
In this unit, you will Look and share
1. talk about geography facts about natural wonders. 1. Do you know the name of the waterfall in
2. compare facts about famous places. the photo?
3. share geography facts using large numbers. 2. What do you think is special about it?
4. explore how and why people connect with nature. 3. What other natural wonders do you know?
The Wonders of Nature 31
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What is amazing about nature?
1a Match the places with the pictures.
Nile River Angel Falls Mount Qomolangma
Dead Sea Sahara Desert Mariana Trench
A B C
D E F
1b Listen to the game show. Complete the descriptions of the places.
Place Description Measurement
Mount
the in the world metres high
Qomolangma
about square
Sahara Desert the in the world
kilometres in size
metres below sea
Dead Sea the on earth
level
Mariana about metres
the in the ocean
Trench deep
1c Listen again. Complete the measurements in 1b with the numbers below.
416 8,848.86 11,000 9,000,000
1d Talk about the places you have learnt about.
A: What’s the lowest place on earth?
B: It’s ...
A: How low is it?
B: Its surface is ... metres below sea level.
A: Now, what’s ...
32 UNIT 4
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用2a What do you know about the deep sea? Complete the sentences with the
information from the picture.
A 200 metres
1. Fendouzhe
reached .
B Over 2,000 metres
C 3,800 metres
2. The deep sea
begins at .
3. The Titanic
rests at .
Height of
Mount Qomolangma
8,848.86 metres
4. A whale can
dive to .
D 10,909 metres
2b A class is asking a deep-sea researcher some questions after his talk.
Listen and tick the topics they discuss.
where the deep sea begins
why people are researching the deep sea
which Chinese submersible dived deeper in the water than many others
what deep-sea animals are like
how everyone should protect the deep sea
2c Listen again. Complete the sentences with the facts from the conversation.
1. People still don’t know much about the .
2. In , China’s Fendouzhe dived into the deep sea and filmed it.
3. Some animals have unusual abilities. Some are but can “see”.
Some can even create their own .
4. There is rubbish even at __________ metres deep.
2d Read the questions and think of more you would like to ask the deep-sea
researcher. Research the answers. Then ask and answer the questions with a
partner.
● What is the largest shark in the deep sea?
● What is the bottom of the deep sea like?
● Why is it important to research the deep sea?
The Wonders of Nature 33
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read the conversation and underline the three rivers mentioned.
Yaming: Welcome back, Ella! How was your
trip?
Ella: It was great! We saw the Hukou
Waterfall on the Yellow River. Is that
the longest river in China?
Yaming: No, the Yangtze River is the longest river
in China. It travels the farthest and is
about 6,300 kilometres long. The Yellow
River is 5,464 kilometres long and is the
second longest. By the way, do you know
why it’s called the Yellow River?
Ella: Because it’s yellow?
Yaming: Right. Some parts of the river carry
brown and yellow earth.
Ella: That’s interesting! I like learning about rivers. My favourite is the
Nile. Did you know it’s the longest river in the world?
Yaming: Yes, it’s 6,671 kilometres long. It’s very important in Egypt’s history.
Ella: That’s right. Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped ancient
civilizations to develop. And they’re still very important today.
Yaming: Yes. In China, we even call the Yellow River our “mother river”!
Ella: We should protect them at all costs.
3b What do Yaming and Ella know about these rivers? Read the conversation
again and complete the table.
River Country Length Importance
Yellow River km
helped in the development of
ancient
Nile River km
3c Listen to the conversation. Then role-play it.
3d Imagine that you are Yaming or Ella. Continue the conversation with a
partner about other geographical features in China.
Ella: Could you tell me more about China, Yaming?
Yaming: Sure! What would you like to know?
Ella: What’s the biggest desert in China?
Yaming: It’s the Taklimakan Desert.
Ella: Do you know ...?
34 UNIT 4
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Grammar Focus
4a Read the sentences. Circle the adjectives which compare things. Underline
the adverbs which compare actions.
What is the biggest desert in the world? It is the Sahara Desert.
It is about 9,000,000 square
How big is it?
kilometres in size.
Where is the deepest point in the ocean? It is in the Mariana Trench.
How deep is it? It is about 11,000 metres deep.
Some deep-sea animals are blind, but they can “see” as well as others.
Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world, and it is still
growing taller.
The Yangtze River travels the farthest in China and is about 6,300 kilometres long.
4b Write or spell out the numbers.
1. Mount Kilimanjaro is (five thousand, eight hundred and
ninety-five) metres high.
2. (twenty-five thousand, seven hundred and sixty-eight) cubic
metres of water pours down Inga Falls each second.
3. The East African Rift Valley is about 4,000 ( )
miles long.
4. The Taklimakan Desert has a total area of about 337,000 (
) square kilometres.
4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
large amazing far close loud
My friends and I visited Victoria Falls in
Africa last year. Visiting one of the world’s
waterfalls was a magical
experience. As we went to the
falls, the noise of the water slowly grew
and louder. Then, right before
our eyes, the waterfall appeared. It went on
for as as the eye could see. Later, we sat in a special pool at the
top of the falls. There, we felt the water rush past us and become a part of the
waterfall. It was the scariest but also the experience of our trip!
4d Write some questions to compare places. Then ask a partner your questions.
● What is the highest ...? ● Which park is bigger, ... or ...?
The Wonders of Nature 35
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用E
CTIO
S N
B
Why do we explore nature?
1a What do you know about Mount Qomolangma? Tell a partner.
1b Scan the article to find the information below.
Scanning
1. : what climbers called the way You can read a text
up the northern side of the mountain quickly to find specific
information, such as
2. : the distance between the
numbers, years, names,
Second Step and sea level
and places. Numbers
3. : the year the first Chinese and years are usually in
team reached the top of Qomolangma Arabic numerals, while
4. : the height of Qomolangma names and places usually
start with capital letters.
in 2020
Reaching New Heights
To most people, Mount Qomolangma is one of the greatest wonders of the world.
On the highest place on earth, you will feel like you are able to touch the sky. But
only the best climbers reach the top, and that is only if they survive the terrible
conditions first. On the mountain, temperatures can fall to –30 degrees. Climbers
must also deal with thin air, high cliffs, and changeable weather.
Before 1960, no one was able to reach the top of Qomolangma from the northern
side. Mountain climbers even called that way the
“Death Road”, but a Chinese climbing team was
determined to make the climb.
On 24 May 1960, climbers Liu Lianman, Wang Fuzhou,
Qu Yinhua, and Gongbu arrived at the Second Step.
It was 8,600 metres above sea level. People said it was
so high that even birds could not reach it. Liu allowed
his teammates to step on his shoulders. Bit by bit, the
climbers pulled themselves up, and they made it past
the Second Step. At 4:20 a.m. on 25 May, the Chinese
national flag flew above the world’s highest mountain
for the first time.
36 UNIT 4
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用In 1975, another Chinese team climbed to the top
of Qomolangma to do research. This time, they
brought a ladder to the Second Step. Until 2007,
almost all climbers from the northern side used
this “Chinese Ladder” to reach the top much
faster. In 2020, a Chinese research team went to
Qomolangma to measure its height—8,848.86
metres.
Climbing Qomolangma is dangerous. Some climbers reach the top successfully,
but many fail. Why do people still risk their lives to climb the highest mountain in
the world? It is because human curiosity and ambition cannot be stopped. Or, as
the English explorer George Mallory put it, it is simply “because it’s there”!
1c Read the article again. Match the paragraphs with the main ideas.
Paragraphs 1 and 2 A. Achievements of Chinese teams
Paragraphs 3 and 4 B. Reasons for climbing Qomolangma
Paragraph 5 C. Difficulties and dangers
1d Read again. Circle T for true or F for false. Then correct the false statements.
1. A few climbers reached the top of Qomolangma from the
northern side before 1960. T F
2. In 1960, Liu Lianman’s teammates used a ladder to get past the
Second Step. T F
3. The Chinese team brought a national flag to the top of
Qomolangma in 1960. T F
4. The “Chinese Ladder” was placed at 8,600 metres above sea
level. T F
5. Climbers first started to use the “Chinese Ladder” in 2007. T F
1e Discuss the questions.
1. How do you think the Chinese climbers felt when they placed the national
flag on top of Qomolangma?
2. What do you think George Mallory meant by “because it’s there”?
3. What qualities do you think a good mountain climber needs to have?
The Wonders of Nature 37
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Vocabulary in Use
2a
Match the words on the left with their opposites on the right.
1. below 5. top A. safe E. unusual
2. common 6. northern B. bottom F. living
3. low 7. risky C. southern G. high
4. dead 8. survive D. above H. die
2b Read the examples and make more sentences using how and the words in
the box.
How far is it from your home to school? How heavy is a blue whale?
How large is your country? How often do you exercise?
long high deep old fast soon
1. 4.
2. 5.
3. 6.
2c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
deep survive wonderful surface dive
Located in Siberia, Russia, Lake Baikal is one of the world’s most famous
lakes. It is the freshwater lake in the world. To reach the
bottom, you must 1,620 metres! It is also larger than most
other lakes. Its covers 31,500 square kilometres. That is bigger
than the country of Belgium! Lake Baikal is cold most of the year. But over
1,200 different types of animals can still in this environment.
Today, the lake still attracts many curious travellers. After all, it is a great
natural !
38 UNIT 4
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read the advertisement. Circle the numbers and underline the adjectives
used to describe the Great Barrier Reef.
The Great Barrier Reef:
An Amazing Underwater World
Do you love the ocean? Do you want to visit one of the natural wonders of
the world? If so, visit the Great Barrier Reef!
Located on the northeastern coast of Australia, the Great Barrier Reef is
one of the most amazing places to visit. It is the biggest coral reef in the
world. It takes up an area of 345,000 square kilometres and includes many
islands and white sand beaches.
The Great Barrier Reef is also alive! If you visit it, you will see the largest
living structure on earth. Here, you can
swim or dive in the clear water and see
coral, plants, and colourful fish. If you dive
deeper, you might even see large fish, turtles,
and sharks. For people who love the ocean,
visiting the Great Barrier Reef is the dream of
a lifetime!
3b Read a student’s notes on Qinghai Lake. Rewrite them in full sentences.
Qinghai Lake
● What: a salt lake
● Where: Qinghai Province, China
● Special fact: the largest lake in China
(4,340 km2)
● Things to do: photograph wildlife (fish
and birds), visit islands, ride a bike or horse
1. Qinghai Lake is a in .
2. Qinghai Lake is in China.
3. It is in size.
4. If you visit Qinghai Lake, you can .
3c Write an advertisement for Qinghai Lake or another natural wonder. Try to
make your advertisement as persuasive as possible.
The Wonders of Nature 39
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Project Design a poster about a natural wonder
4a Work in a group. Choose a natural wonder (a river, lake, mountain, forest,
waterfall, etc.). Then do some research and make notes.
● name ● location and size ● plants and animals ● special facts
4b Make a poster about the
natural wonder you chose.
Refer to the example on the
right. ● the world’s biggest rainforest
● 6 million square kilometres in size
4c As a group, give a report to ● i n Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and five other
the class. Pay attention to countries
the use of large numbers,
● called “the lungs of the earth”
comparatives, and
● t he largest variety of plants and
superlatives.
animals in the world
The Amazon Rainforest is the
world’s biggest rainforest.
It covers 6 million square
kilometres. You can see most of
it in three countries, Brazil, Peru,
and Colombia …
Reflecting
1. What new facts about natural wonders have you learnt?
2. Can you make comparisons when talking about natural wonders?
3. Can you use large numbers to give some geography facts?
4. Can you explain how and why people connect with nature?
5. What are some achievements that people have made while exploring
nature?
Nature makes us wonder. That is why
it is wonderful.
40 UNIT 4
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用5
Nature’s
UNIT
Temper
How do natural disasters
BIG affect our lives?
Question
In this unit, you will Look and share
1. talk about different natural disasters and their impacts. 1. What natural disaster is happening in the
2. describe things that people do before, during, and after a photo?
natural disaster. 2. When and where is it likely to happen?
3. talk about a continuous action at a particular time in the past. 3. How does this photo make you feel?
4. learn how to prepare for bad weather or natural disasters.
Nature’s Temper 41
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用E
CTIO
S N What happens during a natural disaster?
A
1a Match the natural disasters with the pictures.
earthquake typhoon wildfire
snowstorm flood drought
A B C
D E F
1b Listen to three conversations. What natural disasters did the people face?
1. 2. 3.
1c Listen again. Circle what each person was doing when the natural disaster
happened.
Conversation 1
1. Xinyi was warning a neighbour / having dinner.
Conversation 2
2. Kate was doing her homework / calling her mother.
3. Jiaming was doing chores / preparing lunch.
Conversation 3
4. Liu Yun was staying in a hotel / taking a train.
1d Ask and answer questions about the people in the conversations.
A: What was Xinyi doing at the time of …?
B: She was …
42 UNIT 5
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用2a Read the statements about typhoons. Write T for true or F for false.
1. There are very strong winds and
heavy rain during a typhoon. ( )
2. Sometimes there are tall waves and
the areas near the coast get flooded. ( )
3. In the eye of a typhoon, the weather
can be very calm. ( )
4. Typhoons cause tsunamis to happen
in some places. ( )
2b Listen to the interviews and circle the correct answers.
1. When did the interviews take place?
A. Before the typhoon hit.
B. After the typhoon slowed down.
2. Where did the interviews probably take place?
A. On the street.
B. In someone’s home.
2c Listen to the interviews and the weather report. Complete the sentences.
Interview 1
1. When the typhoon hit, the boy’s family were at home.
2. After the typhoon, they helped to the neighbourhood.
Interview 2
3. The girl’s grandparents were at home when she called.
Interview 3
4. The man’s children were at the time of the typhoon.
5. A in the man’s house broke, and the roof nearly came off.
Weather report
6. The reporter advised people to be careful, pay attention to the weather
reports, and .
2d Role-play a conversation between the reporter and another person who
experienced the typhoon.
A: Excuse me. Did you have any trouble during the typhoon?
B: Yes, it was awful. I ... / No, not really. When the typhoon hit, …
Nature’s Temper 43
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read the conversation. Whose family was better prepared for the typhoon?
Haitao: H i, Lisa. Did your family have any trouble during the typhoon?
Lisa: Yes, it was awful.
Haitao: I ’m sorry to hear that. Did you know that a typhoon was coming?
Lisa: We did. But it was worse than we expected. We were driving home
from our relatives’ house when the strong winds started.
Haitao: O h no! It’s dangerous to travel during a typhoon.
Lisa: I know. It was raining hard while we were driving back. We almost
got into an accident when a truck nearly hit us.
Haitao: O h dear, I’m glad you were safe!
Lisa: Yes, but when we got home later, we found
water everywhere. The house looked awful!
Was yours OK?
Haitao: Y es. Luckily, we covered our windows and
moved our things off the floor before the
typhoon started. We stored food and water
too.
Lisa: That’s good! We’ll do that next time.
3b Read again. Who experienced or did these things? Tick the correct boxes.
Experience Lisa Haitao
A. almost got into an accident while they were driving home
B. moved things off the floor before the typhoon
C. went home and found water everywhere
D. stored emergency supplies at home before the typhoon
E. stayed inside during the typhoon
3c Listen to the conversation. Then role-play it.
3d Imagine that Haitao or Lisa is your friend. Role-play a conversation about
your friend’s experience with the typhoon.
A: Hi, Haitao / Lisa. I heard about the typhoon yesterday. Are you OK?
B: Yes, I ... / Not really. I ...
A: What were you doing when the typhoon hit?
B: I was …
A: Did your family make any preparations before the typhoon landed?
B: Yes, we ... / No, we ...
44 UNIT 5
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Grammar Focus
4a Read the sentences. Underline the verbs which show an ongoing action in
the past.
What were you doing while it was
I was travelling on the train then.
snowing heavily?
What were your family doing when the My children and I were reading
typhoon hit? together.
When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner.
We were driving home when the strong winds started.
While we were driving home, the strong winds started.
It was raining hard while we were driving back.
4b Combine each pair of sentences using when or while.
1. I did my homework. The typhoon landed on the coast.
2. The power went out. My father and I made dinner.
3. Kate wrote a letter. Her brother called to warn her of the storm.
4. My parents packed the supplies. I moved our things off the floor.
5. I slept soundly. It rained cats and dogs.
4c Complete the passage with was, were, when, or while.
When Jenny looked up, thick black
clouds were forming in the sky, and the rain
beating against their roof.
“Quick, this way,” said Dad.
The family ran to the safe room at
once. they were waiting,
Jenny’s little sister started to cry. Dad gave
her some chocolate and told her that they
hiding from an angry lion. Soon, she was laughing again.
At last, the storm passed. they stepped outside, they found
the sun shining. People were asking one another if they were safe while some
starting to clear the streets. Jenny smiled. The tornado was
scary, but it also brought everyone closer together.
4d Imagine that you are a reporter. Interview a member of Jenny’s family and
find out what he or she was doing around the time of the tornado.
A: What were you doing when the tornado hit?
B: My family and I were hiding in a safe room.
A: What were you doing while you were waiting there?
B: Oh, while I ...
Nature’s Temper 45
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用E
CTIO
S N
B What can we do to prepare for the
worst?
1a What is the worst natural disaster you know of? Discuss it with a partner.
1b Read the first paragraph of the text. What do you think happened to Tilly
Smith and her family next? Then read the rest of the text to check your
answer.
How One Girl Saved Many Lives
On 26 December 2004, Tilly Smith, a 10-year-old English schoolgirl, and
her family were on holiday in Phuket, Thailand. Everyone was enjoying the
beautiful weather that morning. Some people were swimming in the sea,
and some were relaxing on the beach. But while Tilly was walking along the
beach with her family, she noticed something strange. Thick white froth was
forming on top of the waves. Next, she saw that the waves were coming in
instead of going out.
Just then, she remembered something important. Two weeks before, her
geography teacher had explained that earthquakes under the sea could create
dangerous waves called tsunamis!
“I know what’s going to happen! There’s going to be a big wave,” Tilly cried.
Unfortunately, her family didn’t believe her and wanted to continue their
walk. However, Tilly refused to take a single step further. Finally, her mother
decided to continue the walk alone, and the rest of her family returned to the
hotel.
Back at the hotel, Tilly’s father told a security guard about the tsunami. The
security guard was shocked. He knew about the huge earthquake in nearby
Indonesia. It meant that a tsunami was possible! He jumped into action
right away and rushed to get people off the beach. Everyone began to panic.
People were screaming and running as fast as they could when they saw a
huge wall of water coming from the sea.
46 UNIT 5
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Tilly was right! Her mother was one of the last people on the beach, but
thankfully, her family made it to safety just as the water hit the hotel. The 2004
tsunami caused over 200,000 deaths, but no one on the beach died that day.
This true story shows how a single lesson could mean the difference between
life and death. Thanks to her knowledge and quick thinking, one schoolgirl
was able to save over 100 lives.
Understanding the order of events
1c Read the text again Identifying the beginning, middle, and end of a story
and complete the can help you understand the story better. Look out
timeline. for words and phrases that tell you when something
happens, such as next, then, finally, when, while, and two
weeks before.
Beginning
Tilly Tilly’s family
Tilly noticed Tilly warned
Tilly’s family remembered went back
something her
went to the learning about to the hotel
strange about about the
beach in in except her
the . tsunami.
Thailand. class. .
End
People The People at the
The tsunami
rushed to warned
hit, but
leave the people on learnt about
everyone
. the beach. the tsunami.
was safe.
1d Read again. Circle T for true or F for false. Then correct the false statements.
1. Tilly found that the waves were moving away from the beach. T F
2. Tilly remembered what she read about in her geography book. T F
3. Tilly’s father believed her as soon as she told her family about
the strong waves. T F
4. The security guard learnt about the tsunami from Tilly’s father. T F
5. Tilly’s mother did not reach the hotel before the tsunami did. T F
1e Discuss the questions.
1. Do you think Tilly Smith was a hero? Why?
2. From Tilly’s experience, what do you think people need to know to
survive a natural disaster?
3. What did you learn at school that might help to save your life one day?
Nature’s Temper 47
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Vocabulary in Use
2a Some words for natural disasters go together with certain verbs. Use these
collocations to make sentences.
earthquake: An earthquake hit Japan yesterday.
hit / rocked / happened / took place
typhoon: A typhoon landed at 9 o’clock last night.
hit / landed / blew across
tsunami: The tsunami swept through the village.
hit / came / swept through
2b Look at the compound words in the box. Do you know what they mean?
Complete the sentences using five of these words.
landslide snowstorm earthquake safeguard
floodwater manpower wildfire heartbeat
1. The rescue workers need more to clear the streets.
2. The family built strong roofs to their house from heavy storms.
3. The doctor listened to the man’s carefully.
4. During the storm, the nearly reached our windows.
5. People should avoid driving during a because it can be very
difficult to see clearly on the roads.
2c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
refuse drought warn hit safe wildfire
In August 2022, China experienced a great heatwave. It caused
in different parts of the country. The heatwave the southwestern
city of Chongqing very hard. Large swept through the forests
and mountains there. Over 5,000 firefighters, police, and volunteers all worked
together to keep the people and their homes safe. They put out the fires,
brought more than 1,500 people to , and others
to stay away from dangerous areas. It was very hard to fight the fires because
of the high temperatures and changeable winds, but the rescue workers
to give up. By the end of August, they managed to put out all
the fires.
48 UNIT 5
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read about Ma Li’s day and order the events.
Last Friday started terribly. First, my alarm clock didn’t go off, so I woke up
late and had to rush to the bus stop.
I had a test that morning, so I was reviewing
my notes while I was waiting for my bus. All
of a sudden, thunder rolled across the sky.
Then it started to pour. The wind was too
strong for me to use my umbrella!
By the time the bus came, I was cold and
wet. I was still worrying about the test when
the bus driver said that we would be late.
There was a landslide along our usual road.
When I finally reached my classroom, out of breath, my teacher was already
waiting at the door. Many others were also late because of the rainstorm. As
a result, she said we weren’t having a test after all! What luck on my unlucky
day!
1 Ma Li woke up late. The teacher decided not to have
The bus driver said they a test.
would be late. She ran to the bus stop.
She started reviewing It started to rain and she
her notes. became cold and wet.
3b Read again. Underline the words and phrases that indicate the times of the
events or connect them together.
3c Think about a day when you experienced bad weather. Discuss the events
of your day with a partner.
1. What kind of bad weather was it?
2. What were you doing when the bad weather started?
3. What did you see, hear, or do during the bad weather? How did you feel?
4. What happened or went wrong because of the bad weather?
3d Write a story about your day. Use 3a as an example.
Last Friday, I had a really bad day. While I was having breakfast with my younger sister,
the sky was growing darker and darker. I heard thunder and saw lightning. When I left
the house, …
Nature’s Temper 49
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Project Make a chain story
4a Work in a group to make a chain story about a wildfire or a snowstorm.
Read the introductions of the two stories.
During the hot and dry summer last year, my family
experienced the first natural disaster of our lives. We were
hiking in the mountains when lightning flashed across the
sky. The sky got darker and darker. And then we realized
that we weren’t looking at clouds. It was smoke! There was
wildfire
a wildfire!
Last winter, my family had a terrifying experience. It
started one evening while we were enjoying a quiet night at
home. My parents were watching TV while my brother was
doing his homework. I, on the other hand, was glued to my
bedroom window. Thick snow was falling and the world
snowstorm outside was growing whiter and whiter.
4b Choose one introduction and continue the story. Take turns to add one or
two sentences. You can use the example below to help you.
A: “Look!” my brother shouted. “I can see the fire over there!”
B: I had my phone out. I was ready to call for help.
C: My dad …
4c Write down your story and improve it. Choose one member to tell the story
to the class. Vote for the best chain story.
Reflecting
1. Can you name different natural disasters and talk about their impacts?
2. Can you describe people’s actions before, during, and after a natural
disaster?
3. Can you talk about what you were doing during an event in the past?
4. How should we prepare for and stay safe in bad weather or natural
disasters?
Nature is both a kind mother and a
cold-blooded killer.
50 UNIT 5
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用6
Crossing
UNIT
Cultures
How do we communicate
with people from
BIG
different cultures?
Question
In this unit, you will Look and share
1. talk about different customs around the world. 1. What Chinese cultural elements can you
2. describe customs and explain what they mean. see in the photo?
3. use adverbial clauses with so ... that, unless, and as soon as 2. Do you think the girl in the photo likes to
to show result, condition, or time. learn about Chinese culture? How do you
4. understand cultural differences and know how to behave know?
in different cultures. Crossing Cultures 51
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用E
CTIO
S N
A
How different are our cultures?
1a Match the greetings with the pictures.
shake hands bow bump fists
rub noses kiss on the cheek hug
A B C
D E F
1b Listen to three conversations at a party. Match the guests with their feelings.
Share your ideas on why they have these feelings.
1. Anna A. embarrassed
2. Li Tong B. surprised
3. Ji-Hoon C. confused
1c Listen again. Complete the table with the common greetings in each country.
Anna Kaito Harry Marie
(US) (Japan) (UK) (France)
1d Choose two characters from 1b and 1c. Role-play meeting each other.
● How do you greet people in ...?
● Is it common to greet others by ...?
● We usually … to say hello.
● We don’t / never … because it’s too formal / not formal enough.
52 UNIT 6
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用2a Complete the sentences about Indian culture. What else do you know about
India?
1. Many people like / do not like curry.
2. It is usually OK to be late / early when visiting friends.
3. P eople will usually offer you some tea / fruit when you visit them.
4. People usually wear clothes which cover their arms / legs.
5. It is rude / polite to give or take things with your left hand.
6. Dishes with beef are common / uncommon.
2b Listen to the conversation and number the pictures in the order of the topics
mentioned.
2c Listen again and complete the sentences.
1. In India, people have a special . They press their palms together,
, and say, “Namaste.”
2. People in India use their hand to eat. They may not always eat
with a and fork.
3. People often eat curry. It’s popular in India.
4. In India, are very special to many people. They can
anywhere they like.
2d
Imagine a friend is going to visit India. Tell him or her about Indian customs.
A: How do people in India greet others?
B: ...
A: W hat special foods do Indian people often eat?
B: ...
Crossing Cultures 53
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read the conversation. Why is Hongli worried?
Sam: What’s wrong, Hongli?
Hongli: I’m having dinner at my friend’s house tonight. But English table
manners are so confusing that I’m a little worried.
Sam: W ell, I’m from London. Ask me anything!
Hongli: Thanks! Well, first, should I bring something?
Sam: Yes. Bring a small gift, but don’t bring food unless the host asks you
to. And remember to wait for the host to start before you eat.
Hongli: Good to know! Could you tell me the proper way to use a knife and
fork too?
Sam: J ust hold the knife in your right hand, and the fork in your left. If
you get confused, watch what everyone else does.
Hongli: OK. Anything else?
Sam: H mm. After the meal, thank the host
and say that everything was delicious.
And, most importantly ...
Hongli: Yes?
Sam: Enjoy yourself!
Hongli: Thanks, I will!
3b Make notes about having dinner at a friend’s house in the UK.
Before the meal During the meal After the meal
3c Listen to the conversation. Then role-play it.
3d Imagine your foreign friend is going to have dinner at a Chinese person’s house for
the first time. Use the tips below to give him or her some advice.
● Wait for older people to start eating.
● Sit up straight. Keep your elbows off the table.
● Do not stand up to reach for food. Ask others to pass you the dish.
● Use serving chopsticks and spoons to take food from shared dishes.
A: I’m going to a Chinese friend’s house for dinner. Could you give me some
advice on table manners?
B: Sure! First, ...
54 UNIT 6
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Grammar Focus
4a Read the sentences. What do the words in red mean? How are the pairs of
words in blue used differently?
No, that’s so formal that we don’t do it
Do you ever bow?
these days.
Sure. Bring a small gift, but don’t bring
Should I bring something?
food unless the host asks you to.
I was surprised by your bow. We usually That’s surprising! In Japan, we bow as
just say “hello” or shake hands in the US. soon as we meet a teacher.
Don’t look so embarrassed! But it is embarrassing!
4b Combine the sentences using the words in brackets.
1. Türkiye: People don’t kiss one another on the cheek. They can do so if
they are good friends. (unless)
In Türkiye, people don’t kiss one another on the cheek unless they are good friends.
2. Japan: Take off your shoes. You do this when you enter someone’s home.
(as soon as)
3. Kenya: Being late is very common. You should be patient and not expect
people to be on time. (so ... that)
4. China: Sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is very rude. You should
avoid it. (so … that)
5. Mexico: Don’t use someone’s first name if you don’t know him or her well.
You can use it if the person invites you to do so. (unless)
4c
Complete the passage with the words in the box. Can you tell where the
writer is from?
surprising surprised interesting interested
so … that as soon as unless
Do you know what culture shock is? You may feel it when you experience
a new culture, because the new culture is different from your
own you feel . For example, I experienced this I
got off the plane in Peru last year. People were standing on my right and left,
even though there was plenty of space on the bus! That was really to
me. In Germany, people usually like more personal space, and we don’t stand
close to someone we know them very well. But once I was used to
it, I became more curious and in learning about the culture there.
It’s so to discover cultural differences like this!
Crossing Cultures 55
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用E
CTIO
S N
B How do we show respect to other
cultures?
1a What should you know before you attend a party in a foreign country? Tick
the topics that you think are important.
arrival time table manners how to dress
how to thank others safe conversation topics topics to avoid
how to greet the host what gifts to bring when to say goodbye
1b Read Nancy’s email about party
Identifying topic sentences
manners in France. Underline the
A topic sentence gives the main
topic sentences.
idea of a paragraph. It usually
appears at the start of a
To diana@frenchlearning.com
paragraph, but it can also
From nancy@student.com appear later on. Identifying the
Subject Re: How’s life in France? topic sentences can help you
quickly understand a text.
Hi Diana,
It’s so great to hear from you. Life in Paris is pretty good! I was a little
lonely at first, but I’m starting to make some friends. They helped me
to learn more about the customs here after I had some embarrassing
experiences at a party last month. I’d like to share some tips with you.
First, you shouldn’t arrive early to a party. It’s normal to be on time
or a few minutes late, but arriving early can cause problems. Once, I
arrived 10 minutes early to a party. Usually that’s the polite thing to do,
right? But my friend looked so surprised to see me! He was still getting
everything ready.
Second, it’s important to bring a gift when you visit someone. When I
attended my friend’s party, I didn’t bring anything. It wasn’t his birthday,
but everyone else brought gifts like chocolates or flowers to thank him
for the party. I was so embarrassed!
Third, you should always try to dress for the occasion. At that party it
was surprising to see how nicely everyone was dressed. It was summer,
so I was just wearing a simple blouse and shorts. But everyone else was
dressed so well that I felt silly.
Fourth, it’s best not to ask personal questions unless you know the person
well. Many French people are quite private. They don’t like it when
others ask them about their age, their family, whether they are married,
or how much money they make. Food and culture, however, are safe
conversation topics.
56 UNIT 6
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Last but not least, make sure you use French whenever you can. Lots
of people speak English here, but you can develop closer relationships
with them if you use French. It’s very important in their culture. I found
that even a simple “merci” goes a long way! You’ll see what I mean as
soon as you get here!
Au revoir!
Nancy
Send
1c Read the email again and answer the questions.
1. How did Nancy feel at the beginning of her stay in France?
2. What were the three mistakes that Nancy made at the party?
3. What should you not ask about when talking to someone in France?
4. Why does Nancy ask Diana to speak in French whenever possible?
5. What can you learn from Nancy’s experiences?
1d Read again and complete the mind map with the tips from the email.
How to dress
Gifts Conversation
topics
Attending
French parties
Arrival time Getting along
with others
1e In pairs, use the mind map in 1d to brainstorm tips for Chinese parties. Give
each other advice on what to do.
A: What should I take with me to the party?
B: You could take some fruit or flowers.
Crossing Cultures 57
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Vocabulary in Use
2a Write down the negative forms of the adjectives in the box using un- or in- / im-.
safe formal proper possible friendly direct
tidy healthy perfect important common correct
un-: unsafe, ...
in- / im-: informal, improper, ...
2b Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the adjectives in brackets.
1. Saying “hi” is an way to greet others. (formal)
2. It is to point at people in many countries. (polite)
3. The host is certainly when you enjoy yourself at their party. (happy)
4. People usually dress in formal clothes when visiting some public places
such as concert halls. It is to wear shorts, short skirts, or jeans
there. (proper)
5. In some cultures, it is OK to be late sometimes. People are even
if their meetings don’t start on time. (patient)
2c Circle the correct words to complete the conversations.
1. A: Did you understand the rules? I found them confused / confusing.
B: I was confused / confusing at first too, but Mr Thompson explained them
to me.
2. A: Isn’t it excited / exciting that James will marry Jennifer next month?
B: Yes! I’m so excited / exciting, and I can’t wait to congratulate them.
3. A: Sally was a little embarrassed / embarrassing just now. She wished her
friend happy birthday on the wrong date.
B: Oh no! That can be embarrassed / embarrassing.
2d
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
normal last manner proper challenge
In many Asian countries, it is for people to eat with chopsticks.
There are many rules and traditions about how to use chopsticks .
Firstly, don’t stick your chopsticks into food. That is very bad .
Secondly, don’t pull dishes close to you with your chopsticks. Thirdly,
don’t point at others with your chopsticks or wave them about when you
talk. , hold your chopsticks correctly. Using chopsticks looks easy,
but it can actually be a little . The key thing is to keep trying. With
plenty of practice, anyone can learn to use chopsticks well!
58 UNIT 6
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read Tina’s email to Yaming. Label the different parts of the email.
A. email topic B. person receiving the email C. person sending the email
D. sign-off E. main text F. greeting
To yaming@student.com
From tina@student.com
Subject Home visit—Help needed!
Hi Yaming,
One more week to go! I’m so excited to see you. I’ll meet the Zhaos
as soon as I land in Shanghai. I’ll be staying with their family for
two weeks, and I’m a little nervous! Mr and Mrs Zhao are both in
their forties, and they have a son who is younger than me. His
grandmother also lives with them.
Could you give me some advice? Should I bring a gift? In America,
we usually bring the host something small, like food. Is that a
good idea? Also, what are the right table manners? What are
some good conversation topics in China? Is there anything else
I should know? I’m worried about doing something silly. It could
give people the false impression that I’m a rude person. First
impressions are so important that I don’t want to say or do anything
wrong!
I’m looking forward to hearing from you soon!
Cheers,
Tina
Send
3b Brainstorm what shows good manners when visiting a Chinese friend.
Discuss your ideas with a partner.
● greetings ● table manners
● giving gifts ● conversation topics
It’s important for us to show good manners when we visit friends. In China, …
3c Imagine you are Yaming. Write an email to Tina to give some advice.
Crossing Cultures 59
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Project Compare two countries’ customs
4a In groups, research the similarities and differences between customs in
China and another country. You can choose some topics from the list below.
Complete the table with your ideas.
● greetings ● visiting others
● wearing the right clothes ● eating customs
● giving and receiving gifts ● good / bad conversation topics
Eating customs
China Brazil Same or different
It’s not polite to talk with It’s also rude to talk while
same
your mouth full. your mouth is full.
We use chopsticks. They use a knife and fork. different
4b Join a different group. Tell them about your research.
We researched eating customs. In China, it’s not polite to talk with your mouth full.
In Brazil, it’s rude to do that too. In China, we usually use chopsticks. But in Brazil, …
4c Rejoin your original group. Share what you learnt in the other group.
Reflecting
1. What customs from around the world have you learnt?
2. What are some cultural differences between China and other countries?
3. Can you use adverbial clauses with so ... that, unless, and as soon as
properly?
4. Why do you think it is important to know about cultural differences?
5. How should we communicate with people from different cultures?
When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
60 UNIT 6
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用7
A Good Read
UNIT
Why should we
BIG read great books?
Question
In this unit, you will Look and share
1. share your thoughts about great books you have read. 1. What kind of book do you think the boy in the photo
2. use the present perfect tense to talk about recent is reading?
events and experiences. 2. How do you think the boy feels about his book?
3. learn how to write a book report. 3. What kinds of books do you enjoy reading?
4. explore classic literature and develop an interest in
reading. A Good Read 61
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用E
CTIO
S N
A
What great books have you read?
1a Have you read or heard of these books? Share what you know about them.
Journey to
the West
Wu Cheng’en
Adventure
Fantasy
Mystery
Science Fiction
1b Listen to three conversations. Write the letter
for each book from 1a on the correct shelf.
1c Listen again and complete the sentences.
1. Sherlock Holmes, the of The Final Problem, is a famous
detective.
2. In The Three-Body Problem, aliens are planning to attack .
3. Yaming has read of the Harry Potter books.
4. Yaming has chosen Journey to the West for his .
5. Around the World in Eighty Days is about adventures in different
.
1d Talk about the types of novels you have read.
A: Have you ever read a science fiction novel?
B: Yes, I have. I’ve read … / No, I haven’t.
A: How did you find it? / Have you heard of …?
Journey
to
the
West
Harry
Potter
and
the Philosopher’s
Stone
P h
H
oli
ett o P yrr a
e ht d na S s’r e h p o s
r
ot n e
J. K. Rowling
The
Time
Machine
T mi e
TM h ea
c h ni e
H. G. Wells
The
Final
Problem Arthur Conan Doyle
TP hr eo F
b
n ie
l
am l
A or
u
melborP
ydoB-eerhT ehT Th
P
r
r
e
o
L
T
i
e
u
b
h
C
-
l
i
e B
x
e
in
o
m
d y
sya
D
yt
h
giE ni
dlr o
W e ht d n
A
E
e h t d n u o r
ni dl r o W
s y a D y t h gi e nre V sel uJ
B C
A D
F
E
62 UNIT 7
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用2a What do you need to mention in a book report? Tick the items in the list.
character(s) book title
book price writer(s)
events in the story your opinion
type of novel cover art
main subject(s) of the book
2b Listen to two students’ book reports. Match each student with the reason
for his or her book choice.
A. the writer
1. Zhong Yi
B. the book cover
2. Linda
C. the type of novel
2c Listen again. Complete the notes for the two students’ book reports.
Item Zhong Yi’s report Linda’s report
The Romance of the Three
Title Oliver Twist
Kingdoms
Writer Luo Guanzhong Charles Dickens
a classic historical fiction
Type of novel a classic novel
novel
A young boy is forced to steal
Three kingdoms fought
Events in the things. In the end, the
one another for over
story are punished, and the boy has a
.
life.
Favourite
Oliver Twist
character
What I have how poor people lived in
a lot of idioms
learnt in the 1800s
2d Choose a book you like. Give a short
book report.
Have you ever read …? It’s my favourite
book by … In this story, the main
character is … He / She …
A Good Read 63
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read the conversation. Who has read the book?
Peter: What have you read recently, Fu Xing?
Fu Xing: I’ve just finished Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll.
It’s a fantasy classic about a girl who gets lost in a magical world.
Have you ever read it, Peter?
Peter: I’ve never read it, but I’ve watched the movie.
Fu Xing: You should read the book too! I’ve always
preferred the book to the movie.
Peter: I will! What’s your favourite part of the book?
Fu Xing: Do you remember when Alice finds a tiny door?
She drinks from a bottle and grows smaller ...
Peter: I remember! Then she realizes she’s forgotten
about the key on the table, but she’s grown too
small to reach it.
Fu Xing: Yes, then she eats a magic cake and grows bigger!
Peter: I guess you really love this book!
Fu Xing: Yes. I’ve always loved reading fantasy books.
And this story is about growing up. I find it interesting.
3b Complete the table with the information from the conversation.
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland
Writer Type of novel Main character Main subject
Lewis Carroll
Favourite part
● Alice finds a .
● Alice drinks from a and grows .
● Alice realizes she has forgotten the on a table, but she
cannot it because she has grown too small.
● Alice eats a and grows .
3c Listen to the conversation. Then role-play it.
3d Talk with a partner about a book you have both read. Share what you know
about it.
A: Have you ever read ...?
B: Yes, I have. It’s a fun story, isn’t it?
A: Yes! Do you remember ...? / What’s your favourite part?
64 UNIT 7
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Grammar Focus
4a Read the sentences and underline the present perfect forms of the verbs.
Pay attention to the meanings of the bold words.
Have you decided on a book for your report? Yes, I have. / No, I haven’t.
Has Peter ever heard of this book? No, he’s never heard of it.
No, but she’s already borrowed it
Has Chen Jie read this book yet?
from the library.
I’ve just finished The Romance of
What have you read recently?
the Three Kingdoms.
I’ve = I have she’s = she has haven’t = have not hasn’t = has not
4b Complete the conversations with ever, never, just, already, or yet.
1. A: Have you heard of the book The Little Prince?
B: No, I’ve heard of it.
A: I’ve finished reading it. It’s such a simple story, but you can
learn a lot from it!
2. A: Have you chosen a book for your book report ?
B: Yes, I’ve chosen The Little Match Girl. It’s such a sad story, but I love it.
I’ve started writing my report.
3. A: I’ve read a classic novel before. Could you recommend one?
B: Well, I’ve finished Outlaws of the Marsh. It’s really good!
A: Oh, thanks! Could I borrow it?
B: Sure!
4c Complete the passage with the simple past or present perfect forms of the
verbs in brackets.
you ever (try) to read books from different countries?
At the start of this year, I (decide) to read books from as many
countries as possible. I (begin) with The Adventures of Tom
Sawyer. Now I already (read) twenty different books.
These books (teach) me a lot about other cultures and societies,
and they (allow) me to see the world differently. In the past, I only
(know) the names of different countries, but now I understand
them a little bit better. This experience has been amazing so far. I never
(realize) how big our world really is!
4d Interview your classmates and find out who has done these activities.
read all four Chinese literary classics watched a movie based on a novel
read a book in a different language read a book more than twice
read a book with more than 500 pages joined a reading club
A Good Read 65
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用E
CTIO
S N
B
What can we learn from great books?
1a Have you read any of these books? Share what you know about them.
● My Childhood ● The Wonderful Wizard of Oz ● A Dream of Red Mansions
● Treasure Island ● Red Star over China ● The Secret Garden
1b Read the summary of the story The Secret Garden. Circle the characters in
the story. How are they related to one another?
The Secret Garden
(A summary of Frances Hodgson Burnett’s The Secret Garden)
In this story, Mary Lennox, a spoiled and selfish 10-year-old girl goes to live with
her uncle, Mr Craven, after her parents pass away. Her uncle has a huge house,
but he is seldom there. Mary spends a lot of time alone and gets bored. At
night she often hears crying coming from somewhere.
One day, Mary hears about a beautiful garden. It belonged to her uncle’s wife.
After she died, the garden became a painful memory for him, so he locked
it up. No one has seen it for ten years. One morning, Mary finds an old key.
When it unlocks a half-hidden door, she discovers the secret garden inside!
Unfortunately, nobody has taken care of the plants, and therefore, much of it
is in a bad state.
Later, Mary tells her secret to a new friend, Dickon. The young boy knows
a lot about gardening, and they work together to make the garden beautiful
again. One night, Mary hears someone crying again and discovers Colin, her
cousin. He is unhappy and weak because he has lived alone in a hidden room
since his mother’s death. He has not walked for years because he thinks he has
an illness. Mary and Dickon tell him stories about the garden and take him
secretly to see it.
Over time, Colin grows stronger. The fresh air and
beautiful garden are good for him, and he proves
that he is not ill when he gets to his feet for the first
time in years! The three friends spend time together
in the garden and grow happier day by day.
In the end, Mary’s uncle returns home. To his great
surprise, he sees Colin walking and running, and he
discovers that the secret garden has become as alive
and beautiful as it ever was!
66 UNIT 7
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用1c Read the summary again. Complete the story mountain of The Secret Garden.
Analysing a plot
A plot is a list of events that
D
happen in a story. A plot
usually has five parts. These
C
parts combine to create a B
story that keeps the readers
A E
interested.
A Beginning Mary goes to live with after her parents’ death.
Problem / One day, she finds to a secret garden. It looks
B
Surprising event bad because no one has the plants.
She works hard with to make the garden
C Build-up beautiful again. Later, she meets who is
unhappy and weak.
Her cousin grows and soon he can
D Climax
again.
E Ending Her uncle , and everyone lives together happily.
1d Read again. Match the causes with the effects.
1. Mary’s parents pass away.
Causes
2. The garden reminds Mary’s uncle of his dead wife.
3. No one takes care of the garden.
4. Colin thinks he is sick.
5. Colin has lived alone since his mother’s death.
6. Colin spends time in the garden.
A. Colin is unhappy and often cries at night.
Effects B. Mary goes to live in her uncle’s house.
C. The garden is in bad condition.
D. Colin never tries to walk.
E. Colin grows stronger and happier.
F. Mary’s uncle locks up the garden.
1e Discuss the questions.
1. Who is your favourite character? Why?
2. Why do you think the book is named The Secret Garden?
3. What have you learnt from this story?
A Good Read 67
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Vocabulary in Use
2a Change these nouns into adjectives by adding the suffixes -al, -ish, -y, -ful,
-ous, or -ive. Add other adjectives with the same suffixes.
Noun Suffix Adjective Other adjectives
magic -al magical musical, ...
mystery
pain +
fun
effect
self
2b Is each underlined word a noun or a verb? Write N for a noun or V for a verb.
1. In the story, aliens were planning to attack ( ) the earth. Luckily,
people stopped the attack ( ) in time.
2. A book report ( ) gives you information about the book and the
reader’s opinion about it. People often report ( ) on a favourite book
or one they have read recently.
3. In Oliver Twist, bad people often used force ( ) to make Oliver do bad
things for them. They even forced ( ) him into a house to steal things!
4. At the school meeting, the librarian stated ( ) that most of the library
books were in a good state ( ).
5. The writer based ( ) his new novel in London, and he used London’s
history as the base ( ) of his story.
2c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in the box.
prove force attack adventure weak base punish
Many people consider Journey to the West to be one of the greatest Chinese
classic novels of all time. The story has been the of many TV
dramas, films, and plays. In the story, Tang Sanzang and three other characters
are on a(n) . Sun Wukong is the most powerful of them all, and he
uses his powers to stop their enemies’ . However, he was also very
naughty at the start of the story. This the kind and gentle Tang
Sanzang to him. The second character, Zhu Bajie, is lazy but kind.
And the last character, Sha Wujing, is quiet and hard-working. The four
characters experience many difficulties on their journey. Although they have their
own , when they work together, nobody can defeat them! Together,
they achieve their final goal and themselves to be a good team.
68 UNIT 7
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read a student’s book report and label the different parts with the information
below.
A. basic information about the book (e.g. book title and writer)
B. lessons from the book
C. the student’s recommendation
D. how popular the book is
E. the story of the book
My favourite book is The Old Man and the Sea.
It was written in 1952 by the American writer
Ernest Hemingway. The book became popular
very quickly. In 1953, it won the Pulitzer Prize.
The main character is a fisherman who hasn’t
caught anything for months. One day he catches
a huge fish, but he has to fight for days to kill it.
He finally succeeds, but he can’t pull the fish onto
his boat. When the fisherman is on his way back,
sharks eat the fish, leaving nothing but bones.
This book has taught me not to give up or doubt myself. I’m inspired by
how hard the fisherman fights, even though he loses the fish in the end. As
Hemingway said, “Man is not made for defeat. A man can be destroyed but
not defeated.” Even though I’ve already read the book three times, I’m not
tired of it yet. If you’ve never read Ernest Hemingway, I recommend this
book.
3b Write a book report about a novel you have read recently. To plan your
report, make notes using the table below.
Book title: _____________________________
Introduction Story Opinion
● Who is the writer? ● Who are the main ● What have you learnt
● When / Where was characters? from the story?
the story written? ● What is the story ● What do you think
● What did / do people about? about the book?
think about it? ● What are the main ● Would you like to
events in the story? recommend it?
3c Use your notes from 3b to write your book report.
A Good Read 69
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Project Make a reading log
4a Work in groups to brainstorm English books to include in a reading log.
Explain your book choices.
4b Write about your favourite book for the reading log. You can use the
example of an entry in a reading log below to help you.
Date: 18th May Group: 1 Name: Guo Yuhan
Title Hamlet Writer William Shakespeare
Main Hamlet, the old King of Denmark, Type of
play
characters the Queen, Hamlet’s uncle book
In this play, the ghost of the old King of Denmark tells his son, Hamlet, that he
was killed by Hamlet’s uncle. After his death, Hamlet’s uncle became the King
Summary of Denmark. Hamlet pretends to be mad while he searches for the truth, and
Hamlet’s uncle decides to kill him to cover up his actions. Sadly, the story ends
with the tragic deaths of the King, Queen, and Hamlet himself.
This book has helped me to understand what it’s like to survive and do the best
My opinion I can, even when I have to carry a great weight on my shoulders. The story is
exciting and yet so sad that I cried in some places.
Quote from
“To be, or not to be, that is the question.”
the book
4c Share your favourite books with the class as a group. Answer your classmates’
questions.
For my favourite English book, I’ve chosen Shakespeare’s play Hamlet. Shakespeare
wrote the play around 1600. The story is about …
Reflecting
1. Can you tell others about what you think about a great book?
2. Do you know how to talk about recent events and experiences that are still
relevant today?
3. Can you write a book report about a book you have read?
4. Which great books from this unit would you like to read?
A good book is like a good friend, the
same today and forever.
70 UNIT 7
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用8 Making a
UNIT
Difference
Why should we
BIG help others?
Question
In this unit, you will Look and share
1. talk about different ways of helping others. 1. What are the people in the photo doing?
2. express duration using the present perfect tense with 2. Do you think their actions are helpful?
since and for. How so?
3. identify the features of a speech. 3. What are some ways you can help others?
4. explore the benefits of volunteer work and the meaning
of helping others. Making a Difference 71
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用E
CTIO
S N
A
What can we do to help?
1a Match the actions with the pictures.
clean up guide visitors visit the elderly
give directions plant trees sort waste
A B C
D E F
1b Listen to three interviews and complete the table.
Volunteer Organization How long
1 a organization since
2 an art for
3 a clean-up organization for
1c Listen again. Complete the sentences that different people say.
Interview 1
1. “Excuse me, are you a here?”
2. “I help the players and give . I the stadium after
matches too.”
Interview 2
3. “I through the museum and provide information about the .”
4. “You see, I’m studying art at university.”
Interview 3
5. “I’ve picked up three bags of and cans.”
6. “I think it’s duty to look after it!”
1d Imagine that your friend is one of the volunteers. Role-play a conversation.
A: How long have you been a volunteer?
B: I’ve been a volunteer for ...
A: What do you do there?
B: Oh, many things! ...
72 UNIT 8
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用2a Tick three activities you would like to do in an animal shelter. In pairs, talk
about your activities and why you have chosen them.
feed animals find owners of lost pets
provide information about animals clean cages
train animals collect donations
take care of sick animals walk dogs
2b Listen to the conversations and number the questions in the order you hear
them.
Conversation 1 Conversation 2
Did it inspire you to How often can you volunteer?
volunteer? About once a week?
What do you do there? Have you taken care of animals before?
What are you watching? Have you ever been to our animal
Can I volunteer too? shelter?
2c Listen again. Complete the summaries of the conversations.
Conversation 1
Robert’s friend Rose has been a volunteer at an animal shelter for
years. She tells him about her work there. She says she cleans the
cages and . She also looks after the new dogs and .
Conversation 2
Robert wants to become a volunteer too, so he goes to the animal shelter and
has an interview with a person working there. Robert tells the interviewer
that he used to have a . His pet taught him that every animal is
and needs love. Robert offers to volunteer .
2d Discuss the questions with a partner.
1. What inspired Robert to volunteer?
2. Why do you think the interviewer
wants to know if Robert has taken care
of an animal before?
3. What words can you use to describe
Robert and Rose? Give your reasons.
4. Would you like to be a volunteer at an
animal shelter? If so, what jobs would
you like to do?
Making a Difference 73
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read the conversation. Where does Teng Fei volunteer? Who does he help?
Ella: Hi, Teng Fei. What are your plans for
the summer vacation?
Teng Fei: I think I’ll do some volunteer work at a
nursing home with my youth group. I’ve
been a volunteer there since last year.
Ella: Oh! What do you do?
Teng Fei: I exercise with the elderly to help them
stay active. Sometimes I play Chinese
chess with them. I’ve even taught some
of them how to use a mobile phone.
Ella: That’s great. Do their families visit
them often?
Teng Fei: Some do, but not all. Many elderly people are very lonely.
Ella: That makes me sad. We’ll all be old one day too. It’s important to
care for the elderly.
Teng Fei: That’s right! You know, they actually have so many interesting life
stories and experiences to share with us.
Ella: Can I join your group of volunteers? I’d love to help.
Teng Fei: Yes, come along! It’s fun to volunteer together.
3b Read again and complete the table.
Teng Fei’s work Teng Fei’s and Ella’s thoughts
● exercising with the elderly to ● Many of the elderly are
help them because their families don’t often.
● with the elderly ● We must the elderly. We will
● teaching the elderly how to all one day too.
● We can learn from their .
3c Listen to the conversation. Then role-play it.
3d Have you ever done any volunteer work? Share your experiences with a
partner.
● Where do / did you volunteer?
● What type of work do / did you do?
● Why do / did you volunteer there?
● How long have you been a volunteer? / How long were you a volunteer there?
● How does / did the work make you feel?
● What have you learnt? / What did you learn?
74 UNIT 8
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Grammar Focus
4a Read the sentences. How are for and since used differently?
Have you been to our animal shelter No, I haven’t. But one of my friends has
before? volunteered here for a long time.
Yes, she has. She has been a volunteer at a
Has she ever done volunteer work?
nursing home since last August.
I have been a volunteer here for a few
How long have you been a volunteer?
months.
How long has he worked as a He has volunteered here since his summer
volunteer at the museum? holidays started.
4b Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and
for or since.
1. This college student enjoys volunteering for the army. She
(teach) English to the soldiers three years.
2. I (be) a member of the Red Cross for six years. I have made a
lot of friends I joined the organization.
3. Mr Wu has taught in a primary school as a volunteer two years now.
he started working there, he (help) many students.
4. The organization (train) over 6,000 volunteers it
began to offer classes three years ago.
4c Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
I love being a volunteer! I (work) with a sports organization for
almost three years now. Since I started, I (help) out at over ten
different sports events. I (make) many new friends and I
even (meet) many famous athletes. For example,
I (meet) two national football players from
Argentina last month. They were at a stadium for a
charity match. The stadium (be) so big
that they (get) lost. I gave them directions
and they (smile) and (thank) me
warmly. I am proud to be a volunteer.
4d Work in groups. Interview your groupmates using the questions below. Share
the answers with the class.
● known your best friend / ...?
How long have you ● had your favourite toy / ...?
● lived in your neighbourhood / ...?
Making a Difference 75
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用E
CTIO
S N
B How does helping others make a
difference?
1a Look at the pictures of some Blue Sky Rescue volunteers and discuss the
questions.
1. What do you think the volunteers in blue are doing?
2. Have you heard any stories about Blue Sky Rescue?
C
B
A Identifying the features of a speech
A speech can start with a hook to make the audience curious
about what the speaker will say next. A story, an interesting fact,
or even a question can be a hook. A speech can also include a
call to action by encouraging people to do something.
1b Read the speech by a Blue Sky Rescue volunteer. What kind of hook does the
speaker use? Which paragraph includes a call to action?
Ladies and gentlemen, thank you for inviting me to speak to you about Blue
Sky Rescue today. Let me begin with my own story.
Back in 2008, I was hiking in the mountains with some friends when one of
them fell and got a bad head injury. We had to find help quickly, so we called
an emergency number. It was already dark, and we couldn’t even see where we
were. After some time, we heard dogs barking and the voices of the Blue Sky
Rescue team. I nearly started crying. We were so thankful that they found us!
I’ve never forgotten that day. Since then, I’ve wanted to help others too. I
signed up with Blue Sky Rescue in 2009, and I’ve been a volunteer ever since.
We’ve been to schools and other communities to teach children and adults
how to stay safe and prepare for the worst. We’ve also rescued people during
emergencies. We’ve provided medical aid and searched for missing people
after natural disasters, like the 2013 earthquake in Ya’an and the typhoon
in the Philippines in the same year. In 2023, we even helped in places as far
away as Türkiye!
76 UNIT 8
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Working as a volunteer has taught me many practical life-saving skills. It has
also helped me understand the power of teamwork because it’s the key to
successful rescues. Most of all, being a volunteer has taught me the value of
every life.
The work is difficult. It’s voluntary, so we aren’t paid. We often go without
food or sleep. But our primary goal has always been to save as many people
as we can. I’m just an ordinary person, but I’ll rush into danger, just like
everyone else in Blue Sky Rescue. To the people we’ve saved and their loved
ones, I know we’re their heroes. And that makes everything we do worth it.
We want to do even more, but we can’t do it all alone. Will you join us as a
volunteer? Together we can make a difference!
1c Read the speech again. Write the correct paragraph number next to each
paragraph summary.
The speaker shares what he has learnt from his volunteer experience.
The speaker tells a story about how he got to know Blue Sky Rescue.
The speaker invites the audience to volunteer with Blue Sky Rescue.
The speaker greets the audience and thanks them.
The speaker talks about the work the Blue Sky Rescue volunteers
have done.
1d Read again and answer the questions.
1. When did the speaker join Blue Sky Rescue? Why did he join the
organization?
2. What has he learnt from his volunteer experience?
3. What are some difficulties the Blue Sky Rescue volunteers face?
4. Why is the speaker willing to put his life in danger?
5. What qualities do you think a Blue Sky Rescue volunteer should have?
1e How do you understand the sentences below? Discuss your opinions in
groups.
Help others, help yourself.
The rose in your hand,
the sweet smell in mine.
Today you, tomorrow me.
Making a Difference 77
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Vocabulary in Use
2a Write the correct words in the puzzle with the help of the clues.
1
Down
3 G 4
1. a polite term for a man 2 V L E P
3. a polite term for a woman N
T
4. first in importance
L 5 M
6. full of energy and always on the go
6 E
Across
A M
2. the worth or importance of something
7 C A
5. a person who belongs to a group or an organization N
7. an organization that helps those in need
8. to look for something or someone
8 S
2b Complete the sentences with the correct words in brackets.
1. Joining the reading programme is completely . Each
helps to improve the reading skills and confidence of the kids. (volunteer,
voluntary)
2. Everybody wants to be . But to achieve , you need
to have a clear goal and stick to it. (success, successful)
3. Mr Black had a examination in the hospital. The doctor gave
him some for his throat. (medicine, medical)
4. She works as a teacher of children. She believes the
of today will help to create a better future for all. (youth, young)
5. My brother volunteers at the nursing home because he wants
to help the . (elder, elderly)
2c Complete the passage with the phrases in the box. Use the correct forms of the
verbs.
provide aid make a difference donate pocket money
sign up be worth the effort clean up
Eleven-year-old Harry wanted to help out his community. He and his mum
with a local charity organization two years ago, and he has
worked there once a week ever since to to people in need.
He helps to the kitchen and hand out hot meals to people.
Harry realized that his work when he saw the smiles on
the faces of the people he helped. Harry has even to the
organization to help them buy food for special festivals! His work shows us
that anyone can .
78 UNIT 8
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3a Read the advertisement and label each part with the main topic.
A. what qualities and skills volunteers need to have
B. what the volunteering programme is about
C. how to sign up as a volunteer
D. what duties volunteers will carry out
STUDENT VOLUNTEERS WANTED
Do you want to make a difference in someone’s life?
Join us to be a friend to our international students!
Your tasks as a volunteer
Take the students on a tour of your hometown.
Teach them useful Chinese expressions for daily use.
Introduce Chinese culture to them.
We hope ...
you are willing to help others.
you are familiar with the arts: Chinese dance, calligraphy, music, etc.
you speak good English.
you are good at expressing yourself.
To volunteer with us, just drop us an email! We’d love to know more about
you, your skills and talents, and your experience as a youth volunteer.
3b Imagine that you are planning to be a student volunteer. Make notes with
the help of these questions.
Beginning ● What would you like to be / do?
● Why do you want to be a volunteer?
Body ● What skills or talents do you have?
● What experience do you have as a volunteer?
● When can you start volunteering?
Ending
● What other thoughts do you have about volunteering?
3c Write an email to the school to sign up as a volunteer. Use your notes in 3b
to help you.
Dear Sir or Madam,
I saw your advertisement, and I’m writing to …
Making a Difference 79
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Project Start a volunteer group
4a
Start a volunteer group with some classmates. In groups, tick one goal that you all
agree with. You can also choose something else.
help elderly people guide visitors at museums
help people in hospital collect donations for the poor
take care of animals teach children life skills
clean up natural areas
4b Design a poster to attract
Volunteer at our neighbourhood sports club!
volunteers to your group.
Use the questions and the WHEN
9 a.m.–10 a.m.,
example to help you.
Saturdays
● What does your volunteer WHERE
Sunshine Park
group do?
WHO TO CONTACT
● Who are you helping? Sam Jones on
● What work will the 555-5677
volunteers do? We teach children about different sports and
● What skills or abilities encourage them to exercise. Volunteers will
should the volunteers have? organize weekly activities and help to teach
children how to play different sports.
● How often will the
volunteers work? If you are good at sport, or you have taught
children to do sport before, please join us as a
● What information do the
volunteer!
volunteers need to know?
4c Present your poster in class. Vote for the volunteer group you want to join.
Reflecting
1. What kinds of volunteer work can people do?
2. Can you use the present perfect tense with since and for to express duration?
3. What features can you identify in a speech?
4. Can you explain why volunteering is important?
5. What have you done to help others? Can you talk about it?
The essence of life is to serve others
and to do good.
80 UNIT 8
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用*Reading Plus
Unit 1
Work Hard, Play Hard
It can be hard to make time for a hobby when we have
many important things to do. But hobbies might be more
important than you think.
Physical hobbies like going hiking or playing tennis can help
you to stay healthy. They keep you fit, and they can even
lower stress and improve your memory and concentration. Other types of hobbies
can also keep us healthy. Some scientists believe that making music can lower our
blood pressure and make our body stronger. This makes it harder for us to fall sick.
Playing an instrument also keeps our brains young. So, if you think that playing the
guitar is a waste of time, remember that this hobby is actually a great way to stay
healthy!
Hobbies are also good for your emotional well-being. Creative hobbies like painting or
writing can help you deal with negative emotions by giving you a way to express how
you feel. They can even make you feel good about yourself! In one study, after just
45 minutes of making art, most of the participants reported feeling more confident
in themselves!
However, while hobbies have many benefits, it is important to find the right balance.
Playing computer games or chatting online may be fun, but such hobbies usually
involve a lot of screen time. That could cause problems such as eye strain or poor
sleep. These activities are also usually done alone, and that could cause some people
to feel lonely. Why not choose an outdoor hobby instead? Fresh air, green spaces,
peace and quiet—these things help us to relax and feel good. And if you go hiking or
fly a kite in the park, you can take a friend with you! Hanging out with friends reduces
loneliness and can be a good way to build relationships.
Regardless of what your hobby is, it is important to make time for it. After all, all work
and no play makes Jack a dull boy!
*Reading Plus 81
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用1 Read the text and choose the correct answers.
1. The main idea of the second paragraph is that .
A. hobbies can help you to stay healthy
B. physical hobbies are the best way to stay healthy
2. The bold word “participants” in paragraph 3 probably means .
A. people who carry out research
B. people who take part in research
3. The study in paragraph 3 found out that making art .
A. is healthier than physical hobbies
B. can make people feel happier
4. One problem of chatting online is that .
A. it is easy to spend too much time on screen
B. it is not as fun as taking part in outdoor hobbies
2 Discuss the questions.
1. What are the two main ways in which hobbies can be good for us?
2. Why might some people think that “playing the guitar is a waste of time”?
3. What does the writer mean by “it is important to find the right balance”?
4. What do you think “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy” means?
Do you agree?
5. What is your favourite hobby? How does it help you?
Unit 2
All About Sneezing
If you had to list different ways of protecting yourself,
sneezing probably would not be on the list. But when
you sneeze, that is exactly what is happening. Sneezing
helps you protect yourself from things like germs, dust,
and smoke. In fact, it is the body’s way of getting rid of
things that may harm you.
82 *Reading Plus
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用People cannot really control their sneezes. If something starts tickling the inside of
our nose, our brain takes over. It knows that something inside the nose should not be
there, so it sends a message to the body to get it out.
When we sneeze, many things happen in a very short time. Usually, our eyes shut,
our tongue presses against the top of our mouth, and the muscles in our stomach
and chest get tight. Next, a sudden blast of air comes out of our lungs and then our
nose. As the air goes out of our nose, it carries germs, dust, and tiny drops of water
with it.
Some unusual things can also make us sneeze. For example, some people sneeze
when they look at a bright light. If people have an allergy, certain plants or animals
might also make them sneeze. If they are allergic to certain plants, they might sneeze
a lot in the seasons when the plants bloom, but not in others. If they are allergic to
dogs or cats, they usually cannot have one as a pet.
While sneezing is good for the person doing it, it can be very bad for the people
nearby. Sneezing is one way that diseases spread.
Millions of germs from one sneeze can travel up to
about 8 metres at a speed of 160 kilometres per
hour! These germs can stay in the air, and if other
people breathe in those germs, they can get sick
ACHOO!
too.
If you sneeze, always cover your nose and mouth.
After that, make sure to wash your hands. Sneezing
helps your body protect itself, but doing these
two things can help you protect everyone else!
1 Read the text. Circle T for true or F for false. Then correct the false statements.
1. Sneezing is our body’s way of telling us that we are sick. T F
2. When we sneeze, it affects many different parts of our body. T F
3. Bright light can make some people sneeze. T F
4. Sneezing can spread germs at a high speed up to 6 metres away. T F
5. We should cover our nose and mouth when sneezing to prevent
passing germs to others. T F
*Reading Plus 83
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用2 Read again. Write down what the words in bold refer to.
1. In fact, it is the body’s way of getting rid of things that may harm you.
2. It knows that something inside the nose should not be there, so it sends a
message to the body to get it out.
3. If they are allergic to certain plants, they might sneeze a lot in the seasons
when the plants bloom, but not in others.
4. After that, make sure to wash your hands.
5. Sneezing helps your body protect itself, but doing these two things can
help you protect everyone else!
3 Discuss the questions.
1. What information have you learnt from the text that you didn’t know before?
2. What should we do if we sneeze?
Unit 3
Laughter Is the
Best Medicine
Do you often laugh with friends? Do you giggle
at jokes? If you do, that is great, because just as
the saying goes: Laughter is the best medicine!
People start laughing from a young age. At around
three months old, babies learn to laugh. Even babies that cannot see or hear can laugh.
Laughter is a natural part of life! But why is it so important?
First of all, laughter is good for our body. When we laugh, our body takes in more
oxygen. Every part of our body needs oxygen to work well. Laughter also makes our
body work out. Our heart, stomach, and even our shoulders work hard when we
laugh! But after we laugh, our muscles feel more relaxed. A good laugh can help you
feel relaxed for up to 45 minutes. Over time, laughter helps our body to get stronger,
fight off more diseases, and even create special chemicals to help us feel less pain!
84 *Reading Plus
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Laughter also has many benefits for our mood. When we laugh, it makes us feel less
stressed or anxious, and things will not seem so bad. Laughing also causes our brain
to release chemicals that make us feel calm and happy. Scientists even think that
smiling often is enough to increase these chemicals in our brain.
But it is not always easy to laugh on our own. We are 30 times more likely to laugh
when we are around others. According to some scientists, laughter can show
others that we want to be close to them. Monkeys clean one another’s fur to show
friendship. But people laugh so that others will know that they are being friendly.
Some people even join laughing groups. Although they force themselves to laugh at
first, after hearing other people laugh, their laughter becomes real! Before long, the
whole group of people is laughing hard.
The next time you feel unhappy, try thinking about something funny. Although you
might not want to laugh when you are sad, doing so can make you feel better!
1 Read the text and complete the mind map.
3 get stronger, fight off more , 4
feel less stressed or
and create chemicals to reduce
2 Our heart, over time
, and
get a
workout.
Benefits
Body of Mood
Our muscles Laughter
become
after we laugh.
1 5
feel calm and
take in more to
because of the chemicals
help it work well
our releases
2 Discuss the questions.
1. What do you think is the most important benefit of laughter?
2. What makes you laugh? Share your experiences.
*Reading Plus 85
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Unit 4
The Sahara Desert
Located in Africa, the Sahara Desert spreads across 30 per cent of the continent.
This vast desert, also known as “the great desert” in Arabic, is about 9 million square
kilometres in size. It is also at least 4.6 million years old. This means that it is one of
the oldest places in the world.
All deserts are dry, and the Sahara is both dry and hot. It is the largest hot desert in
the world. We may think that all deserts are hot, but in fact some deserts are very
cold! Many scientists believe that Antarctica, for example, is a type of cold desert.
Most of the Sahara is rocky ground. But there are also places with grass, lakes,
mountains, and even sand seas. A sand sea is just what it sounds like—it looks like a
sea of sand! When the wind blows, the sand looks like waves.
Life in the Sahara is difficult. About two million people live in the Sahara. They usually
move from place to place. There is water in a few parts of the Sahara, and some
people live in these places all year round.
Not many animals can live in a place with such a
dry and hot climate. They must adapt to survive.
Camels, for example, go for a long time without
drinking water. When they do find water, they
can drink more than 100 litres of it in 13 minutes!
Fennec foxes live in the desert too. They have
large ears to help their bodies stay cool.
Today, the world’s largest hot desert is getting even bigger. It is now about 10 per cent
larger than what it was about a century ago. But why is it growing? Some scientists
believe that part of the reason is climate change. As temperatures rise, summers in
Africa grow hotter and less rain falls. Water bodies get smaller and the ground gets
drier and drier. If we do not take effective measures, the desert will keep growing!
86 **RReeaaddiinngg PPlluuss
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用1 Read the text and complete the mind map.
Location Size
Growth Sahara Desert Age
Life Geography
2 Discuss the questions.
1. How is life in the desert different from other places where people live?
2. Would you like to visit the Sahara Desert or even live there for a while?
Why or why not?
3. What do you think will happen if the Sahara keeps getting bigger?
What should we do about it?
Unit 5
Storm Chasing: A Dangerous but Important Job
Are you afraid of big storms? Many people are. But did you know some people go out
to chase tornadoes? Such storms can hit suddenly and move very quickly, so storm
chasers always have to be prepared.
*Reading Plus 87
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用When a tornado is about to hit, professional storm
chasers try and get close to it to collect important
information. Storm chaser Tim Samaras designed
and built many different instruments for studying
tornadoes. Throughout his career, the engineer
chased down more than 120 tornadoes. Often, he
filmed the storms while they were happening just
a few kilometres away.
During a storm, storm chasers put special equipment in the way of the tornado. The
equipment collects information about things such as wind speed and air pressure.
This helps scientists to make better forecasts. It can even help people understand
how powerful the winds can be, and as a result, change how we build our houses.
Storm chasing can be exciting, but also very dangerous. The storm chasers’ knowledge
and experience are not always enough to keep them safe. On 31 May 2013, Samaras
and his team were chasing the El Reno tornado in Oklahoma, USA. To their surprise,
the tornado behaved in an unexpected way. It grew rapidly and changed its speed
and direction.
On that terrible day, the largest tornado ever recorded appeared. It was 4.2
kilometres wide and had winds topping 480 kilometres per hour. While the tornado
was moving towards them, Samaras and his team were driving as fast as they could.
Sadly, when the tornado hit their car, it threw their car into the air like a toy. All three
men in the car died.
The story of Tim Samaras is very sad, but his work continues to play an important
role in weather science. Though storm chasing remains a dangerous job, the goal
of storm chasers is to learn more about storms to keep people safe. For people like
Samaras, that goal makes it all worth it.
1 Read the text and complete the summary.
A tornado is a type of storm. It can hit and move very quickly.
Storm chasers get close to tornadoes to collect important . This
can help scientists to make better . It can also change how people
build . However, storm chasing can be a very job.
In 2013, Tim Samaras and his team when they were chasing the
El Reno tornado. But storm chasers today continue to do such work. Their
goal is to keep people .
88 *Reading Plus
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用2 Discuss the questions.
1. What do you think of Tim Samaras’s job as a storm chaser?
2. What do you need to be a good storm chaser?
3. Do you know of any other dangerous jobs? Why do people do them?
Unit 6
Symbols of Chinese Culture
Chinese culture is one of the oldest in the world, and it is rich in traditions and beliefs.
Many of the things you see, hear, or even taste in China may be symbols with special
meanings!
Dragons
In many Western stories, dragons are frightening monsters.
However, people in China are not frightened of them! Instead,
they think dragons are a symbol of power and good fortune.
Chinese dragons are so popular in China that you can see
them in many places, such as vases, buildings, money, clothes,
paintings, and jewellery! The word for “dragon” even appears
in names and idioms. For example, “to hope that one’s
children become dragons” means that parents hope their
children will do well in life. In China, people think dragons are so
powerful that they call themselves the descendants of the dragon!
The colour red
In China, red is a powerful colour with special meaning. Many
people think it brings good luck and wealth, so you will see
red decorations such as paper-cuts, couplets, and lanterns
during festivals like the Chinese New Year. People think red is
so lucky that they wear it during celebrations. At traditional
Chinese weddings, both the bride and groom wear red. Red
also has positive meanings in other cultures. For example, a red
carpet shows importance, and red roses symbolize love. However,
in Western culture, red could sometimes mean loss. If a company has “red ink” or is
“in the red”, it means that they are losing more money than they are earning.
*Reading Plus 89
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Lucky numbers
Certain numbers are lucky in China because they sound like other
Chinese words with positive meanings. “Six”, for example, sounds
like “flow”. It symbolizes things going well. The number “two” is also
lucky, because the Chinese believe that good things come in pairs.
“Eight” sounds like a word which means “to make a fortune”, and
it symbolizes wealth. Lastly, “nine” has the same pronunciation as
the character “久”, which means “long lasting”. So “nine” has come
to symbolize a long life. On the other hand, “four” sounds like “death”.
Some people find this number so unlucky that they avoid using it in their phone
numbers. But China is not the only place with special numbers. In America, for
example, “seven” is a lucky number while “thirteen” is an unlucky number.
1 Read the text and complete the table.
Cultural In the West /
In China
symbol other cultures
● a symbol of ________ and
________
Dragons ● appear in many ________ ● frightening ________
● appear in ________ and
________
● a symbol of ________ and ● a red carpet:
________ ________
Positive
● during ________ like the ● a red rose:
Red
Chinese New Year ________
● during ________ like a
traditional Chinese wedding Negative ● ________
● 6: ________
● 2: ________
Lucky Lucky ● ________
Numbers ● 8: ________
● 9: ________
Unlucky ● 4: ________ Unlucky ● ________
2 Imagine that you are a tour guide in China. What additional information
can you give tourists on Chinese cultural symbols?
90 *Reading Plus
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Unit 7
The Boy and the Elf
(Adapted from Selma Lagerlöf’s The Wonderful Adventures of Nils)
[Nils, a young Swedish boy, is standing next to
a desk. His parents are by the door, ready to Selma Lagerlöf
THE WONDERFUL
leave.]
ADVENTURES OF NILS
Mother: Nils, we’re going out. Make sure you
study, and don’t be mean to the farm
animals.
Nils: I haven’t been mean to the animals in
ages.
Father: Yesterday you pulled the cat’s tail.
Mother: And you ran after the hens.
Father: And we’ve just caught you throwing
shoes at the cow.
Nils: [Laughing.] Okay. I promise to be good!
[Nils’s parents shake their heads and leave. Nils
sighs and sits down.]
Nils: Reading is so boring! I haven’t had
any fun for so long. I wish something
would happen.
[An elf enters quietly through the front door. Nils sees it.]
Nils: An elf! I’ve never seen one of those before ... I’m going to catch it!
[Nils catches the elf.]
Elf: [Screaming.] Let me go! I’ll give you an old coin.
Nils: I’m not sure ... What else have you got?
Elf: A silver spoon ... and a big gold coin!
Nils: Okay ... I could let you go.
Elf: Thank you!
Nils: But actually, I don’t think I will. Come here!
[There is a loud BANG, and Nils falls over. When he gets up, the elf has disappeared,
and Nils has become smaller. The elf has turned him into another elf!]
Nils: Where has that elf gone? And why has the desk got bigger?
*Reading Plus 91
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用[He walks outside and sees a cat, a hen, and a cow. All are now bigger than him.]
Nils: Wow, the animals have grown bigger too.
Cat: We haven’t got bigger, Nils. You’ve got smaller.
Hen: You’re smaller than us now, actually.
Cow: You’ve been mean to us, Nils. And now you’re going to pay the price.
Nils: Oh, I’m really sorry about all that. But look, could you help me find that elf?
I need him to turn me back into a boy.
Cat: Get him!
[The animals chase after Nils.]
1 Read the play and complete the summary.
Nils’s parents Nils is _________
are _________. The elf uses magic than the farm
Nils _________ an animals now. They
They tell him to to turn Nils into
elf and refuses to start to _________
study and not to _________ and
_________. him because he has
be mean to the disappears.
been _________ to
_________.
them.
2 Discuss the questions.
1. What do you think will happen to Nils next?
2. Do you think Nils will be able to turn back into a boy?
92 *Reading Plus
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3 Read the proverbs and choose the best match for the play. Discuss whether
the other proverbs match any stories you know.
● Slow and steady wins the race.
● Be happy with what you have.
● No act of kindness is ever wasted.
● Little by little does the trick.
● Do not do to others what you do not want others to do to you.
● Our greatest weaknesses can also be our greatest strengths.
Unit 8
HOME ABOUT POSTS CONTACT
19:03 PM
Unusual Volunteers
“Come here! What a good boy!” Those were words I never expected
to hear from my mum when I visited her in hospital. Mum has been
sick for a long time now, and she often seemed sad and tired. I didn’t
expect to hear her laughing. It has been a long time since I heard my
Linda
mum sounding so happy! But when I rounded the corner, I understood
everything.
Mum had a very unusual visitor—a dog!
A regular volunteer at the hospital, Anna, was there with her therapy
dog, Banjo. Anna was kind enough to share her story with me. An animal
lover from an early age, Anna has always had a dog or two at home since
she was young. Often, just playing
with them was enough to help her
feel happy and relaxed after a long
day. But one day, Anna realized that
not everyone was lucky enough to
have a pet. She started thinking:
What could she do? Could she work
with her own dogs to help others?
*Reading Plus 93
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Before long, she found the answer. Today, Anna and Banjo often visit
places like hospitals and nursing homes to bring a moment of joy to
people who are sick, sad, lonely, or disabled. Banjo has worked as a
therapy dog for almost three years. When people are stressed, it often
takes them longer to get better. A therapy dog helps people feel better
and be less stressed, often just by being there! At the hospital, Mum
petted Banjo, gave him a snack, and even threw a small ball for him to
catch. This made her forget that she was sick, if only for a moment.
For people like my mum, moments like this are very valuable. She always
looks forward to my visits, but now she also looks forward to seeing Anna
and Banjo again. If I’m lucky enough to have a dog of my own in the
future, I’ll try to volunteer just like Anna and Banjo!
1 Read Linda’s post. Who is likely to have said these things? Write the correct
names. Some names can be used more than once.
Linda Mum Mum’s doctor Anna
Who What they said
“I’m so happy Banjo and Anna visited my mum!”
“I think therapy dogs are good for my patients.”
“I’m taking Banjo to the hospital today.”
“I can’t wait to see Banjo again next week!”
“I wish everyone was lucky enough to have a dog!”
2 Discuss the questions.
1. How can therapy dogs help people to feel less stressed?
2. What qualities do you think a therapy dog should have?
3. Can you think of any other ways to help people in hospital?
94 *Reading Plus
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Listening Scripts
Unit 1 Time to Relax
Section A, 1b and 1c
Interview 1
Adam: Hey, Teng Fei! I’m doing a survey on free-time activities. Could you help?
Teng Fei: Hi, Adam. Sure!
Adam: What do you usually do when you’re free?
Teng Fei: Hmm. I like programming. I do it after school.
Adam: Oh, are you creating an app?
Teng Fei: That’s right. I also like hiking at the weekend. It’s a great form of exercise.
Interview 2
Adam: How do you spend your free time, Helen?
Helen: Well, I love painting pictures.
Adam: How did you get into it?
Helen: Oh, I saw my mother paint when I was young. I decided to give it a go too!
Painting helps me to express how I feel.
Adam: I see!
Interview 3
Adam: What do you do in your free time, Chen Jie? Do you do sport?
Chen Jie: No, not really. But I like to play the flute.
Adam: Wow! Isn’t that difficult?
Chen Jie: It was very difficult at first. I needed to practise a lot!
Adam: And is it easier now?
Chen Jie: It’s never easy, but it’s more fun now. I do it to relax these days.
Section A, 2b and 2c
Fu Xing: Hi, Emma, how was your weekend?
Emma: It was OK, but now I hurt all over!
Fu Xing: How come?
Emma: I went to the sports centre to try ice skating. People looked so beautiful doing it!
But I didn’t expect to fall so many times!
Fu Xing: Oh dear!
Listening Scripts 95
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Emma: I don’t want to go ice skating again.
Fu Xing: Why? Nobody expects you to be perfect from the start.
Emma: My instructor said that too. She also encouraged me to get back up whenever I
fell. She told me not to give up so easily.
Fu Xing: Everything’s difficult before it’s easy. Like swimming. I love it now, but I used to
be scared of water.
Emma: Really?
Fu Xing: Yes. I started swimming to get over my fear. Slowly, I became more confident. I
have fun being in the water now!
Emma: You’re right. I’ll try ice skating again!
Unit 2 Stay Healthy
Section A, 1b and 1c
Conversation 1
Jenny: You don’t look well. What’s wrong, David?
David: I have a stomachache. I ate too much at my friend’s birthday party yesterday.
Jenny: Oh no! Why did you eat so much?
David: I couldn’t help myself! The food was too delicious. My friend’s mother cooked
everything herself.
Conversation 2
Sarah: Are you OK, Ben? Did you hurt yourself?
Ben: Yes, I fell during the football game yesterday. It seemed OK at first, but now I have
a backache.
Sarah: Oh dear. Accidents often happen in sport. Be more careful next time!
Conversation 3
Harry: Would you like some snacks, Nancy? Help yourself!
Nancy: No, I can’t eat anything. I have a terrible toothache.
Harry: I’m sorry to hear that. Did you bite something hard?
Nancy: No, I think I ate too many sweet things. Oh, my tooth really hurts!
Conversation 4
Frank: What’s the matter, Judy?
Judy: I’m sorry, but it’s difficult for me to talk.
Frank: What happened?
Judy: I practised my speech by myself for hours yesterday. I guess I didn’t drink enough
water. I’m suffering from a sore throat now.
96 Listening Scripts
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Section A, 2b and 2c
Conversation 1
Nurse: What’s the matter, David?
David: I ate too much last night. Now my stomach aches.
Nurse: You shouldn’t eat so much next time. I’ll give you some medicine.
David: Thank you!
Nurse: And please avoid soft drinks for now as the gas could make the ache worse.
David: Got it, thanks!
Conversation 2
Nurse: What’s wrong, Nancy?
Nancy: I have a really bad toothache.
Nurse: I see. You should see a dentist. You might need an X-ray.
Nancy: OK. But what should I do for now?
Nurse: You could eat some soft food. But no more sweet things. Remember to brush
your teeth carefully too!
Conversation 3
Nurse: Oh, your nose is bleeding! How did you hurt yourself, Jeff?
Jeff: I fell off my bike! I didn’t expect to see someone around the corner.
Nurse: Oh dear! Come in. Press down on your nose. Good. Now wait for a few minutes.
Jeff: OK. Do you think I broke my nose?
Nurse: No, it’s not that serious. But you should be more careful next time. Accidents can
happen when we’re careless.
Unit 3 Growing Up
Section A, 1b and 1c
Ella: What’s wrong, Peter? You look worried.
Peter: Harry and I got into a fight a few days ago. Now he’s not speaking to me.
Ella: What happened?
Peter: He borrowed my guitar. But there was an ugly mark on the guitar when he
returned it.
Ella: Oh no!
Peter: I was upset, but he didn’t care. He even said, “It’s just an old guitar.” But it’s very
special to me. It was from my grandfather.
Ella: That wasn’t nice.
Peter: I was angry and said things that hurt him. I feel awful now.
Listening Scripts 97
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Ella: It’s hard to control our anger sometimes. Although he was wrong, you hurt him
too. If you want to say sorry, you could call him.
Peter: I want to, but I’m afraid he’s still angry.
Ella: Well, maybe you could send him a text message first.
Peter: Good idea.
Section A, 2b and 2c
Peter: Hi, Harry. Thanks for picking up. I wanted to call earlier, but I didn’t know what
to say until I spoke to Ella.
Harry: Hi, yeah, I feel bad about it too. We should talk so that we can clear the air.
Peter: Listen, I’m sorry I hurt you. I didn’t mean it. I was just angry about that mark on
the guitar.
Harry: No, I’m sorry. It was my fault.
Peter: That guitar was a birthday present from my grandfather when I was eight. He’s
not around anymore. Although it’s old, it means a lot to me.
Harry: I didn’t know that. I’m sorry.
Peter: It’s OK. I forgive you. You’re my best friend, and I don’t want to lose you.
Harry: I feel the same. I’m really sorry. I’ll be more careful in future.
Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature
Section A, 1b and 1c
Host: Welcome to our game show! Today, it’s all about geography. Answer as quickly
as you can! Question one: What is the highest mountain in the world?
Fu Xing: It’s Mount Qomolangma!
Host: Correct! How high is it?
Liu Hongyu: I know this—it’s 8,848.43 metres high.
Host: No, sorry. Fu Xing?
Fu Xing: Is it 8,848.86 metres?
Host: Yes! But some scientists say Qomolangma is still growing taller! Now, name
the biggest desert in the world.
Fu Xing: The Taklimakan Desert?
Host: Wrong! Ella?
Ella: It’s the Sahara Desert.
Host: Right! Now, how big is it?
Ella: It’s about 9,000,000 square kilometres.
Host: That’s right! What’s the lowest place on earth?
Liu Hongyu: It’s the Dead Sea!
98 Listening Scripts
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Host: Well done! Its surface is 416 metres below sea level. Now where’s the deepest
point in the ocean?
Fu Xing: It’s in the Mariana Trench.
Host: That’s correct! How deep is it?
Fu Xing: It’s about 11,000 metres deep.
Host: Correct!
Section A, 2b and 2c
Ms Gao: Thank you for the wonderful talk, Mr Jones. Now, does anyone have any questions?
Emma: I do! Why are so many countries researching the deep sea?
Mr Jones: Well, curiosity is one reason. We don’t know enough about the ocean floor.
Fu Xing: I remember that in 2020, China’s Fendouzhe dived deeper into the Mariana
Trench than many other submersibles in the world and filmed it. But I didn’t see
any deep-sea animals. What are they like?
Mr Jones: Well, many deep-sea animals are large and unusual. Some animals are blind, but
they can “see” as well as others. Some even create their own light!
Peter: Cool! Are there any other surprising facts about the deep sea?
Mr Jones: Did you know that there’s rubbish even at 11,000 metres deep? That shocked
many people.
Ms Gao: That’s terrible! We should do something about it.
Mr Jones: You’re right!
Unit 5 Nature’s Temper
Section A, 1b and 1c
Conversation 1
Jack: Hi, Xinyi. I heard about the flood in your town. Is everything OK?
Xinyi: Yes, we’re all right. Thanks. Our neighbour warned us about it in time.
Jack: What a kind neighbour! What were you doing at the time?
Xinyi: Oh, my family were having dinner when she called. We didn’t notice that the
water was rising!
Jack: You’re lucky!
Conversation 2
Jiaming: Hi, Kate. Are you OK? That was a big earthquake!
Kate: Yeah! It scared me. I was doing my homework when the building shook all of a
sudden. What were you doing when it started, Jiaming?
Jiaming: Oh, I was doing some chores while my mother was preparing lunch. The
earthquake took us by surprise too.
Kate: Well, I’m glad we’re all fine. Thanks for calling!
Listening Scripts 99
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Conversation 3
Susan: Wasn’t the snowstorm last weekend terrible, Liu Yun?
Liu Yun: Yes, it really was!
Susan: What were you doing while it was snowing?
Liu Yun: Not much. I was travelling on the train then. The ride took five hours longer!
Susan: Oh no ... I heard many people couldn’t get home. They had to stay in hotels for
the night.
Section A, 2b and 2c
Interview 1
Reporter: Excuse me. Did you have any trouble during the typhoon?
Boy: No. When the typhoon hit, my family were having dinner at home.
Reporter: That’s good. How about your neighbourhood? Was it OK?
Boy: Oh, it was a mess. My parents and I helped with the clean-up this morning.
Interview 2
Reporter: Miss, how did the typhoon affect you?
Girl: I was OK, but I was worried about my grandparents.
Reporter: Were they all right?
Girl: Yes, thankfully. When I called them, they were playing chess at home.
Interview 3
Reporter: Sir, what were your family doing when the typhoon hit?
Man: Well, my children and I were reading together when a window broke. Even our
roof nearly came off! My children were crying, and my wife was scared too.
Reporter: Oh dear. Were you prepared for the typhoon?
Man: Well, I heard the news, but I didn’t think it would be that strong.
Weather report
Reporter: Now, the typhoon is slowing down as it moves west, but it’s not over. If you’re
near one of the areas close by, be careful, and pay attention to our weather
reports. Do stay inside.
Unit 6 Crossing Cultures
Section A, 1b and 1c
Conversation 1
Anna: Hi, Kaito! You’re new here, right? I’m Anna Brown, one of your teachers. Pleased
to meet you ... Oh!
Kaito: What’s wrong, Ms Brown?
100 Listening Scripts
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Anna: Sorry, your bow surprised me. We usually just say “hello” or shake hands in the US!
Kaito: That’s surprising! In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher.
Conversation 2
Harry: Hello! You’re Li Tong, right? I’m Harry. We’re in the same science class.
Li Tong: Oh, hi, Harry! ... Sorry, should we shake hands? How do you greet others in the
UK?
Harry: We could, but it’s a little formal. Usually we just say “hello”.
Li Tong: Do you kiss others on the cheek?
Harry: We hug sometimes, but we don’t usually kiss to say hello. We don’t bow either.
That’s so formal that we only do it at special times.
Li Tong: Wow! I thought people in the UK were very formal.
Conversation 3
Bob: Hey, Ji-Hoon, meet Marie. She’s from France.
Marie: Hi, Ji-Hoon, nice to meet you ... Oh, don’t look so embarrassed!
Ji-Hoon: It’s embarrassing! In Korean culture, we don’t usually kiss people unless we love them.
Marie: In France we kiss friends on the cheek to say hello!
Section A, 2b and 2c
Ella: We heard you’re going to India, Peter! How exciting!
Peter: Yes, I’m really excited! You went there last year, right? Can you tell me about their
customs?
Ella: Sure! First, they have a special greeting. They press their palms together, bow, and
say, “Namaste.”
Peter: Wow! I’ll remember that.
Ella: Second, you should only use your right hand to eat.
Peter: With my knife and fork?
Ella: Well, people may not use a knife and fork at all. Very often they eat with their
hands instead.
Peter: OK! Anything else?
Emma: Yes! People in India often eat a lot of curry. I ate chicken curry there, and it was
delicious! But don’t expect to eat any beef. Cows are protected in India. They are
special to many people.
Ella: And they even walk anywhere they like! While we were there, one walked right in
front of our car! It walked so slowly that we had to slow down and follow it!
Listening Scripts 101
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Unit 7 A Good Read
Section A, 1b and 1c
Conversation 1
Fu Xing: Have you decided on a book for your report, Peter?
Peter: Oh, yes. I’ve picked The Final Problem. It’s a mystery with the famous detective
Sherlock Holmes as its main character. Have you chosen a book yet?
Fu Xing: No, I can’t decide between two science fiction novels: The Time Machine and The
Three-Body Problem.
Peter: I’ve never heard of The Three-Body Problem.
Fu Xing: It’s about aliens planning to attack the earth.
Peter: That’s the kind of story I like. Maybe I’ll give it a try.
Conversation 2
Yaming: What are you reading, Emma?
Emma: Hey, Yaming, I’m reading Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone. Have you ever
read it?
Yaming: Of course! I love fantasy novels. I’ve read all of the Harry Potter books.
Emma: Wow! What other fantasy novels have you read?
Yaming: Well, I’ve read Journey to the West and I’ve just chosen it for my book report. It’s a
classic.
Conversation 3
Chen Jie: Have you ever read Around the World in Eighty Days, Adam?
Adam: Yes, I’ve read it twice! I love adventure novels based in different countries.
Chen Jie: I’m looking forward to it! I haven’t read it yet, but I’ve already borrowed it from
the library.
Section A, 2b and 2c
Zhong Yi
For my book report, I’ve chosen The Romance of the Three Kingdoms by Luo Guanzhong.
I love historical fiction novels, and this is a classic. It describes a time long ago when
three kingdoms fought one another for over 100 years. There are almost 1,000 different
characters. My favourite is Zhuge Liang because he’s so clever and he has a plan for everything.
The book is full of great stories, and it has helped me to understand many Chinese idioms
better.
Linda
Have you ever heard of Oliver Twist? It’s a classic social novel from the 1800s by my
favourite writer, Charles Dickens. It talks about how poor people lived in London back then.
102 Listening Scripts
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用In the story, Oliver is a boy whose parents have died. He becomes a factory worker, but he’s
later forced to steal things. I really like Oliver. He’s always kind to others, even when things
are tough. In the end, the bad people are punished, and Oliver has a better life. I love this
story, and I’ve already read it twice.
Unit 8 Making a Difference
Section A, 1b and 1c
Interview 1
Interviewer: Excuse me, are you a volunteer here?
Volunteer 1: Yes, I am.
Interviewer: How long have you been a volunteer with this football organization?
Volunteer 1: Oh, I’ve been a volunteer since last year.
Interviewer: What do you do?
Volunteer 1: Lots, really! I help the players and give directions. I clean up the stadium after
matches too.
Interview 2
Interviewer: Sir, are you a volunteer here at the art museum?
Volunteer 2: That’s right!
Interviewer: May I know what you do?
Volunteer 2: I guide visitors through the museum and provide information about the
paintings. You see, I’m studying art history at university.
Interviewer: That’s a good use of your skills! How long have you been a volunteer at the
museum?
Volunteer 2: Well, I’ve only been a guide here for two weeks.
Interview 3
Interviewer: Let’s talk to one of the volunteers with the beach clean-up organization.
Excuse me, Miss. How is the clean-up going?
Volunteer 3: It’s going well! I’ve picked up three bags of bottles and cans since our team
arrived this morning.
Interviewer: You’ve worked hard! Have you been a volunteer with the organization for
long?
Volunteer 3: Yes, for about seven years.
Interviewer: Wow! You must really care about the beach.
Volunteer 3: Yes, I think it’s everyone’s duty to look after it!
Listening Scripts 103
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Section A, 2b and 2c
Conversation 1
Rose: Hi, Robert. What are you watching?
Robert: Oh, it’s a show about volunteering. It’s quite inspiring!
Rose: Hey, I’ve watched that before.
Robert: Really? Did it inspire you to volunteer?
Rose: Yeah. In fact, I’ve been a volunteer at an animal shelter for two years now.
Robert: Wow! What do you do there?
Rose: Well, I clean the cages and feed the animals … And I look after the new
dogs. Some of them are in poor condition and need more care! And I collect
donations for the shelter too.
Robert: Goodness! Hey, do you need help? Can I volunteer too?
Rose: Of course!
Conversation 2
Interviewer: Have you ever been to our animal shelter, Robert?
Robert: No, I haven’t, but my friend Rose has told me all about it.
Interviewer: Have you taken care of animals before?
Robert: Yes. I had a dog when I was young. I walked her, and I filled her food and water
bowls. Because of her, I learnt that every animal is special and needs love.
Interviewer: You’re right! Now, how often can you volunteer?
Robert: About once a week?
Interviewer: Perfect! Let me show you around.
104 Listening Scripts
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Grammar
一、反身代词（Reflexive Pronouns）
反身代词是英语中表达“……自己；本身”含义的一类代词，是在第一人称、第二
人称形容词性物主代词或第三人称人称代词宾格形式的词尾加-self或-selves组成。反身
代词的形式请见下表。
表1 反身代词的形式
数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称
himself
单数 myself yourself herself
itself
复数 ourselves yourselves themselves
反身代词的用法请见下表。
表2 反身代词的用法
句法作用 例句
Be careful when you’re using the knife! Don’t cut yourself. 使用刀具时要
小心，不要割伤自己。
动词或介词 In teaching others, we teach ourselves. 教人者，己已学。
的宾语 I’ll be away for a week. You and your sister need to take care of yourselves.
我要外出一周，你和妹妹得照顾好自己。
Don’t be too hard on yourself! 别对自己太苛刻了！
主语或宾语 I cooked the dinner myself. 我自己做的晚饭。
的同位语 You had better ask the dentist herself. 你最好问牙医本人。
Just be yourself. 做你自己就好了。
表语
Mary hasn’t been quite herself recently. 玛丽近来有些不对劲儿。
反身代词用作主语或宾语的同位语时，一般用于强调，常译为“本人；亲自”。常
见的可接反身代词作宾语的动词或短语动词有cut、hurt、protect、teach、enjoy、
help、take care of、look after等。
Grammar 105
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用二、情态动词（Modal Verbs）
情态动词可以用来表示提议或建议。
1. should
情态动词should 作“应该；应当；可以”讲，用以表达职责和义务、提出劝告，而
且表述的是自己的主观看法。例如：
When you have the flu, you should wear a mask when you’re outside. 患流感时，
你出门应戴上口罩。
If you did something wrong, you should say sorry. 如果是你做错了什么，你应该道歉。
should 的否定式是should not / shouldn’t，意思是“不应当；不该”。例如：
You shouldn’t eat so much next time. 下次你可不要吃这么多了。
We shouldn’t judge a book by its cover. 我们不应该以貌取人。
2. could
情态动词could也用于提出建议，比can语气更为委婉。例如：
A: What should I take with me to the party? 我去参加聚会应该带点什么呢？
B: You could take some fruit or flowers. 你可以带些水果或鲜花。
If you want to say sorry, you could call him. 如果你想道歉，你可以给他打电话。
三、过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）
1. 过去进行时的构成和基本用法
过去进行时由“was / were＋动词-ing”构成，表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间
正在进行的动作。除非有上下文暗示，一般用时间状语来表示这一特定的过去时间。例如：
A: What was Kate doing at the time of the earthquake? 地震发生时凯特在做什么？
B: She was doing her homework. 她正在做作业。
A: What were your family doing when the typhoon hit? 台风来袭时你们一家在做什么？
B: My children and I were reading together. 我正和孩子们读书。
A: What were you doing while it was snowing heavily? 下大雪的时候你在干什么？
B: I was travelling on the train then. 那时我正坐火车旅行。
过去进行时可用来为一个或一系列动作的发生提供背景。例如：
Everyone was enjoying the beautiful weather that morning. Some people were
swimming in the sea, and some were relaxing on the beach. 那天早上，大家都在享受美
好的天气。有人在海里游泳，有人在沙滩上放松。
Everyone was enjoying the coffee. Then a man entered the shop. 大家都在享用咖
啡，这时有位男人进了商店。
过去进行时既可用在主句中，也可用在从句中，还可以同时用在主句和从句中。例如：
106 Grammar
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用We were visiting our relatives when the strong winds started.
While they were waiting, the little girl started to cry.
I was doing some chores while my mother was preparing lunch.
从上面例句可以看出，持续时间长的动作一般用过去进行时，持续时间短的常用一般
过去时。如果主句和从句都用过去进行时，则表示主句和从句中的动作都持续了一段时间。
下面以动词work为例，将过去进行时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式和简略回答列表如下。
表3 过去进行时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式和简略回答
肯定式 否定式
I / He / She / It was working. I / He / She / It was not working.
We / You / They were working. We / You / They were not working.
疑问式和简略回答
Was I working? Were you working? Was he / she / it working?
Yes, you were. Yes, I was. Yes, he / she / it was.
No, you were not (weren’t No, I was not (wasn’t No, he / she / it was not
/wɜːnt/). /ˈwɒznt/). (wasn’t).
Yes, you / we / they were.
Were we / you / they working?
No, you /we / they were not (weren’t).
2. 一般过去时与过去进行时用法的比较
一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生过的动作或存在的状态，而过去进行时则表示
在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。例如：
David wrote a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。（信写
完了。）
David was writing a letter to his friend last night. 大卫昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。
（信不一定写完了。）
四、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）
1. 现在完成时的构成和基本用法
现在完成时由“助动词have / has ＋过去分词”构成。下面以动词finish为例，将现
在完成时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式和简略回答列表如下。
表4 现在完成时的肯定式、否定式、疑问式和简略回答
肯定式 否定式
I / You have finished. I / You have not (haven’t /ˈhævnt/) finished.
He / She / It has finished. He / She / It has not (hasn’t /ˈhæznt/) finished.
We / You / They have finished. We / You / They have not (haven’t) finished.
Grammar 107
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用续表
疑问式和简略回答
Yes, you / I have.
Yes, he / she / it has.
Have I / you finished? Yes, you / we / they have.
Has he / she / it finished?
Have we / you / they finished? No, you / I have not (haven’t).
No, he / she / it has not (hasn’t).
No, you / we / they have not (haven’t).
现在完成时的用法请见下表。
表5 现在完成时的用法
用法 例句
A: Have you chosen a book for your report yet?
表示过去发生或已经完成的
B: Yes, I’ve picked The Final Problem（. 我不必再做选择了。）
动作对现在造成的影响或
A: Have you ever read The Three-Body Problem?
结果。
B: No, I haven’t（. 我对该书不了解。）
表示某一动作或状态从过去
She’s been a volunteer since 2022.
某一时间开始并一直持续到
Mary has lived with her uncle since her parents died.
现在，可以和表示延续的时
I have been busy these days. I haven’t had a day off for
间状语连用。表示持续动作
three months.
或状态的动词多是延续性
How long has he worked at the museum?
动词。
I have already borrowed the book from the library.
现在完成时可以和already、 He has never seen snow before.
never、ever、just、before、 Have you ever heard of Oliver Twist?
yet等连用。 I’ve just finished Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland by
Lewis Carroll.
have (has) been表示“曾经 Helen has been to Xi’an once. She wants to go there again
到过某地”，have (has) gone to learn more about the long history of the city.
表示“已经去某地了”。 Helen has gone to Xi’an. She’ll be back in a week.
注：在肯定句中，非延续性动词（如arrive、leave、come、go等）一般不能与表示
持续性时间的状语（如for two hours）连用，但在否定结构中，可用非延续性动词的现
在完成时表示持续的动作或状态。例如：
I haven’t bought any food since last week. The fridge is empty now.
Where has Tom gone? We haven’t seen him the whole morning.
108 Grammar
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用2. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调的是现在的
情况，所以它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday、last night、three weeks
ago、in 1990 等。而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生联系，它可以
和上述表示过去的时间状语连用。例如：
Fu Xing has worked at a nursing home since last year. 付兴从去年开始就在一家养老
院工作。（她现在还在那里工作。）
Fu Xing worked at a nursing home last year. 付兴去年在一家养老院工作。（不涉及
她现在是否还在那里工作。）
I have watched the movie before.我以前看过这部电影。（我了解这部电影的内容。）
I watched the movie last week. 我上星期看了这部电影。（只说明上星期看了这部电
影，不涉及现在的情况。）
五、动词不定式（Infinitives）
1. 动词不定式的构成
动词不定式的基本形式是“to＋动词原形”。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在
句子中不能作谓语。动词不定式仍保留动词的语义特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。动
词不定式同它的宾语或状语构成不定式短语，如to make new friends、to reach the top
much faster 等。
2. 动词不定式的用法
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，因此在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语
补足语、定语、状语和表语等。此处重点呈现动词不定式作宾语、目的状语和宾语补足
语三种用法。
表6 动词不定式的句法作用
句法作用 例句
Do you want to visit the Great Wall?
作宾语 I like to play badminton in my free time.
On Saturday, James decided to make fried chicken.
What do you do to pass the time?
作目的状语 Allen rushed to get the fire extinguisher.
Do not stand up to reach for food across the table.
My instructor encouraged me to get back up whenever I fell.
作宾语补足语 Dr Cooper asked him to be more careful in future.
My parents told me not to push myself too hard.
Grammar 109
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用3. 动词不定式的否定式
动词不定式的否定形式由“not＋动词不定式”构成。例如：
I would prefer not to talk about it. It’s private.
“Try not to make any noise when you eat,” his mother said.
This book has taught me not to give up or doubt myself.
4. “疑问词＋不定式”结构
动词不定式可以和what、which、how、where、when等连用。例如：
He didn’t know what to say to Ella.
I have no idea which book to choose for my book report.
She asked me how to use the washing machine.
The tour guide will tell you where to go next.
5. 不带to的动词不定式
有一些动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to，这种动词主要有两类：一类是
感官动词，如see、hear、watch、feel、notice 等；另一类是使役动词，如let、make、
have等。例如：
The referee saw Matt push the other player.
He heard someone walk down the stairway.
I noticed him take a quick look at his watch.
If you have any questions, please let me know.
Hobbies can make you feel good about yourself.
六、连词（Conjunctions）
用来连接单词、短语或句子的虚词叫连词。连词在句中不能单独作句子成分，一般
不重读。按其性质，连词可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。
1. 并列连词
并列连词是指用以连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子的连词。常见的并列连词有
and、but、for、or、both … and …、not only … but also …等。例如：
You can fool some of the people all of the time, and all of the people some of the
time, but you cannot fool all of the people all of the time.
To be, or not to be, that is the question.
Both the Nile and the Yellow River helped ancient civilizations to develop.
Thank you so much for being not only my teacher but also my friend.
110 Grammar
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用2. 从属连词
从属连词是指用以引导复合句中从句的连词。常见的从属连词有when、while、
as、before、after、until、if、because、although、though、than、so that、so … that、
unless、as soon as等。例如：
He started programming when he was 10.
If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.
You are braver than you believe, stronger than you seem, and smarter than you think.
How about writing them a letter so that you can get your message across clearly?
Please give me a call as soon as you arrive in Beijing.
注：通常在同一个句子中，though (although)与but、because与so不可同时使用。
例如：
(×) Although you were so busy, but you took the time to help me.（应删去but，
或者删去although。）
(×) Because Zhuge Liang is so clever and has a plan for everything, so I admire
him.（应删去because，或者删去so。）
七、状语从句（Adverbial Clauses）
在复合句中，用作状语的从句叫作状语从句。根据所表达的意思，状语从句可分为
时间、地点、原因、条件、结果、目的和让步等类型。
表7 不同类型的状语从句
类型 引导连词 例句
As the front door opened, James heard the sound of
before、after、when、
Allen singing.
while、as、as soon as、
时间 You won’t know if you can do it until you try.
since、not … until、
I like to write about my feelings in my diary whenever
whenever等
I feel bad or sad.
Keep the dictionary where you can see it.
地点 where、wherever等
I bring a book wherever I go.
Alice can’t reach the key on the table because she’s too
small.
原因 because、as、since 等 Chinese people love the ginkgo tree, as it is a symbol
of hope and long life.
Since he has returned, you could now ask for his help.
If you don’t want to forget your resolutions, write
条件 if、unless 等 them down.
Nothing is impossible unless you think it is.
Grammar 111
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用续表
类型 引导连词 例句
I was so hungry that I ate a big bowl of noodles and a
big plate of dumplings.
结果 so … (that)、so (that) 等
Mrs Thompson listened to me and talked with me so
that I felt much better.
We’ll sit near the front so we can hear the speaker
better.
目的 so、so that 等
You can write to your parents so that they’ll know how
you feel.
Although my guitar is old, it means a lot to me.
让步 although、even though等
Tom felt proud of their team, even though they lost.
注：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时表示将来意义。例如：
Please say hello for me when you see her next week. 下周见到她时，请代我向她问好。
If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去野餐。
112 Grammar
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Vocabulary in Each Unit
（注：依据《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》，本词表中的重点词汇用粗体显示。）
Unit 1 push /pʊʃ/ v. 鞭策；推 n. 推 p.5
calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n. 书法 p.2 once in a while 偶尔；间或 p.5
ski /skiː/ v. 滑雪 p.2 chat /tʃæt/ v. & n. 闲聊 p.5
program /ˈprəʊɡræm/ v. 编写程序 outing /ˈaʊtɪŋ/ n. 出外游玩；远足 p.5
n. 程序；(= programme)节目；项目 p.2 go on an outing 出外游玩 p.5
express /ɪkˈspres/ v. 表达；表示 p.2 reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少 p.6
ice skating /ˈaɪsˌskeɪtɪŋ/ 滑冰；溜冰 p.3 stress /stres/ n. 精神压力；紧张 p.6
instructor /ɪnˈstrʌktə(r)/ yoga /ˈjəʊɡə/ n. 瑜伽 p.6
n. 教练；指导者 p.3 object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ n. 物品；宾语 p.6
give up 放弃 p.3 Italian /ɪˈtæliən/ adj. 意大利的；
scared /skeəd/ adj. 害怕的； 意大利人的；意大利语的
对……感到惊慌的 p.3 n. 意大利人；意大利语 p.6
scared of 害怕；恐惧 p.3 programmer /ˈprəʊɡræmə(r)/
fear /fɪə(r)/ n. & v. 害怕；担忧 p.3 n.程序设计员 p.6
get over 克服（困难）；解决（问题） p.3 allow /əˈlaʊ/ v. 使……成为可能；允许 p.6
up to 正在做；由某人决定 p.4 achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n. 成就 p.6
poem /ˈpəʊɪm/ n. 诗 p.4 coin /kɔɪn/ n. 硬币 p.6
single /ˈsɪŋɡl/ adj. 单个的；单身的 p.4 stamp /stæmp/ n. 邮票 p.6
stroke /strəʊk/ n. 笔画；击球 p.4 teenage /ˈtiːneɪdʒ/ adj. 青少年的 p.6
ink /ɪŋk/ n. 墨水 p.4 postcard /ˈpəʊstkɑːd/ n. 明信片 p.6
return /rɪˈtɜːn/ n. & v. 回来；归还 p.4 rather /ˈrɑːðə(r)/ adv. 相当；更准确地说 p.7
in return 作为回报 p.4 old-fashioned /ˌəʊldˈfæʃnd/
deal /diːl/ n. 交易；协议 adj. 过时的；守旧的 p.7
v. (dealt /delt/, dealt) 对付 p.4 foreign /ˈfɒrən/ adj. 外国的；国外的 p.7
manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ dream of 梦想；希望 p.7
v. 完成（困难的事）；管理 p.4 suggestion /səˈdʒestʃən/ n. 建议；提议 p.8
ice-skate /ˈaɪsskeɪt/ v. 滑冰；溜冰 p.5 failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败 p.8
get into 开始做某事；进入 p.5 inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ n. 鼓舞人心或
give it a go 试一试某事 p.5 启发灵感的人（或事物）；灵感 p.8
kung fu /ˌkʌŋˈfuː/ n. 功夫 p.5 strict /strɪkt/ adj. 严厉的；严格的 p.8
Vocabulary in Each Unit 113
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用surprisingly /səˈpraɪzɪŋli/ careless /ˈkeələs/
adv. 出人意料地；惊人地 p.8 adj. 不小心的；粗心的 p.13
so far 到目前为止 p.8 runny /ˈrʌni/ adj. 流鼻涕的；流眼泪的 p.13
stage /steɪdʒ/ n. 舞台；阶段 p.8 cough /kɒf/ n. & v. 咳嗽 p.13
importantly /ɪmˈpɔːtntli/ adv. 重要地 p.9 bruised /bruːzd/ adj. 受了瘀伤的 p.13
take a seat 坐下 p.14
Luca /ˈluːkə/ 卢卡 p.6 take sb’s temperature 给某人量体温 p.14
Bruno /ˈbruːnəʊ/ 布鲁诺 p.6 test /test/ n. & v. 检查；测验 p.14
India /ˈɪndiə/ 印度 p.6 flu /fluː/ n. 流行性感冒 p.14
Maya /ˈmaɪə/ 马娅 p.6 medicine /ˈmedsn/ n. 药；医学 p.14
Badal /ˈbɑːdl/ 巴达尔 p.6 mask /mɑːsk/ n. 口罩 p.14
Mogao Caves /keɪvz/ 莫高窟 p.7 stop … from doing 防止……；阻止…… p.14
virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒 p.14
Unit 2 description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n. 描写；形容 p.14
ourselves /ˌaʊəˈselvz; ɑːˈselvz/ patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ n. 病人 adj. 有耐心的 p.14
pron. 我们自己 p.11 injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害；损伤 p.14
sore /sɔː(r)/ adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的 p.12 illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. 疾病 p.14
throat /θrəʊt/ n. 喉咙 p.12 knife /naɪf/ n. (pl. knives /naɪvz/) 刀 p.15
stomachache /ˈstʌməkeɪk/ safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全；安全处所 p.15
(= stomach ache) n.胃痛；肚子疼 p.12 clear /klɪə(r)/ adj. 清晰的； 清楚的
headache /ˈhedeɪk/ n. 头痛 p.12 v. 清理 p.15
toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/ n. 牙痛 p.12 pain /peɪn/ n. 疼痛；痛苦 p.15
backache /ˈbækeɪk/ n. 背痛；腰痛 p.12 what’s more 更为重要的是 p.15
suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ v. 受苦；遭受 p.12 brightness /ˈbraɪtnəs/ n. 亮度 p.15
suffer from 受苦；受折磨 p.12 environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境 p.15
press /pres/ v. 压；按 p.13 cross /krɒs/ v. 穿越；横过；交叉 p.15
nosebleed /ˈnəʊzbliːd/ n. 鼻出血 p.13 catch fire 着火 p.16
dentist /ˈdentɪst/ n. 牙科医生 p.13 themselves /ðəmˈselvz/
fever /ˈfiːvə(r)/ n. 发烧 p.13 pron. 他（或她、它）们自己 p.16
stomach /ˈstʌmək/ n. 胃；腹部 p.13 fry /fraɪ/ v. 油炸；油煎；油炒 p.16
avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v. 避免；防止 p.13 turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；
gas /ɡæs/ n. 气体；燃气 p.13 打开 p.16
ache /eɪk/ n. & v. 疼痛 p.13 stove /stəʊv/ n. 厨房灶具；炉子 p.16
X-ray /ˈeksreɪ/ n. X射线检查；X射线 p.13 happily /ˈhæpɪli/ adv. 快乐地；高兴地 p.16
114 Vocabulary in Each Unit
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用no way 不可能；没门 p.16 bleed /bliːd/ v. (bled /bled/, bled)
burn /bɜːn/ v. (burnt /bɜːnt/, burnt) 流血；出血 p.18
燃烧；着火 n. 烧伤 p.16 check /tʃek/ v. 检查；查明
on fire 着火；起火 p.16 n. 检查；调查 p.18
flame /fleɪm/ n. 火焰 p.16 tight /taɪt/ adj. 憋气的；紧的；牢固的 p.19
panic /ˈpænɪk/ n. 惊恐；恐慌 p.16 peanut /ˈpiːnʌt/ n. 花生 p.19
onto /ˈɒntu;ˈɒntə/ prep. 向；朝 p.16 nervously /ˈnɜːvəsli/ adv. 紧张不安地 p.19
throw /θrəʊ/ v. (threw /θruː/, thrown allergic /əˈlɜːdʒɪk/ adj. 过敏的 p.19
/θrəʊn/)猛动（身体部位）；扔；抛 from now on 从现在起 p.19
n. 扔； 投（球） p.16
roll /rəʊl/ v.（ 使）翻滚；滚动 p.16 Ben /ben/ 本 p.12
quick /kwɪk/ adj. 快的；迅速的 Nancy /ˈnænsi/ 南希 p.12
adv. 迅速地 ；快速地 p.16 Jeff /dʒef/ 杰夫 p.13
be about to 即将；正要（做某事） p.16 James /dʒeɪmz/ 詹姆斯 p.16
stop short 突然停住 p.16 Allen /ˈælən/ 艾伦 p.16
aid /eɪd/ n. & v. 帮助；援助 p.16 Kelly /ˈkeli/ 凯莉 p.18
first aid 急救 p.16 Cooper /ˈkuːpə(r)/ 库珀 p.19
extinguisher /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃə(r)/ n. 灭火器 p.16
eat out 上馆子吃饭；在外用餐 p.17 Unit 3
tonight /təˈnaɪt/ adv. 在今晚 deal with 处理；对付 p.21
n. 今夜；今晚 p.17 emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n. 情绪；情感 p.21
sadly /ˈsædli/ adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾 p.17 upset /ʌpˈset/ adj. 难过的；沮丧的 p.22
smoke /sməʊk/ n. 烟 v. 吸烟； 冒烟 p.17 lonely /ˈləʊnli/ adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 p.22
luckily /ˈlʌkɪli/ adv. 幸运地 p.17 shocked /ʃɒkt/ adj. 震惊的 p.22
badly /ˈbædli/ adv. (worse /wɜːs/, advise /ədˈvaɪz/ v. 建议；劝告 p.22
worst /wɜːst/)严重地 p.17 hurtful /ˈhɜːtfl/ adj. 伤感情的 p.22
harm /hɑːm/ n. & v. 伤害；损害 p.17 control /kənˈtrəʊl/ v. & n. 控制 p.22
pill /pɪl/ n. 药丸；药片 p.18 anger /ˈæŋɡə(r)/ n. 怒火 p.22
harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 p.18 in future 今后； 从今以后 p.23
hit /hɪt/ v. (hit, hit) 碰撞；击；打 forgive /fəˈɡɪv/ v. (forgave /fəˈɡeɪv/,
n. 打；击；击中 p.18 forgiven /fəˈɡɪvn/) 原谅；宽恕 p.23
shock /ʃɒk/ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事 fault /fɔːlt/ n. 过错；责任 p.23
v. 使震惊；使惊愕 p.18 so that 为了；因此 p.23
Vocabulary in Each Unit 115
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用clear the air 尽释前嫌 p.23 referee /ˌrefəˈriː/ n. 裁判 p.26
present /ˈpreznt/ n. 礼物 take back 撤回；收回 p.26
/prɪˈzent/ v.展现；陈述 p.23 decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ n. 决定 p.26
standard /ˈstændəd/ n. 标准； 水平 score /skɔː(r)/ n. 得分；比分 v. 得分 p.26
adj. 标准的 p.24 proud /praʊd/ adj. 骄傲的；自豪的 p.26
award /əˈwɔːd/ n. 奖；奖品 p.24 proud of 为……感到骄傲 p.26
look on the bright side 从好的方面想； coach /kəʊtʃ/ n. 教练 p.26
抱乐观态度 p.24 as well 也；又 p.26
get across 解释清楚；传达 p.24 bit /bɪt/ n. 有点儿；稍微 p.26
clearly /ˈklɪəli/ adv. 清楚地 p.24 a bit 有点儿；稍微 p.26
pressure /ˈpreʃə(r)/ n. 压力 p.24 repeat /rɪˈpiːt/ v. 重复 p.26
purpose /ˈpɜːpəs/ n.目的；意图 p.25 pull together 齐心协力；通力合作 p.26
on purpose 故意；有意地 p.25 solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 解决办法；解决 p.27
cut ... in half 切成两半 p.25 though /ðəʊ/ conj. 虽然；尽管 p.27
put oneself in sb’s shoes 设身处地； even though 即使；虽然 p.27
处于某人的境地 p.25 apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/
shut /ʃʌt/ v. (shut, shut)关闭；合上 p.25 (= apologise) v. 道歉 p.27
shut … away 把……关（藏）起来； go wrong 出现问题；发生故障；搞错 p.27
隔离 p.25 joyful /ˈdʒɔɪfl/ adj. 高兴的；
lastly /ˈlɑːstli/ adv. 最后 p.25 令人愉快的 p.28
plenty /ˈplenti/ pron. 充足；丰富；大量 p.25 thankful /ˈθæŋkfl/ adj. 感谢的；感激的 p.28
plenty of 充足；大量 p.25 negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 否定的；
feel blue 感到忧郁 p.26 消极的 p.28
on top of the world 欢天喜地 p.26 bully /ˈbʊli/ v. 霸凌；恐吓 n. 恶霸 p.28
all smiles 笑容满面 p.26 shout at 冲……喊叫 p.28
in low spirits 情绪低落； 精神不振 p.26 behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现；举止得体 p.28
ring /rɪŋ/ v. (rang /ræŋ/, rung /rʌŋ/) differently /ˈdɪfrəntli/ adv. 不同地 p.28
响起铃声；给……打电话 p.26 physics /ˈfɪzɪks/ n. 物理；物理学 p.28
enter /ˈentə(r)/ v. 进入 p.26 lie /laɪ/ v. (lay /leɪ/, lain /leɪn/)
dare /deə(r)/ v. & modal v. 敢于 p.26 平躺；平放 p.28
let down 使失望 p.26 awake /əˈweɪk/ adj. 醒着的 p.28
everybody /ˈevribɒdi/ wake up 醒来 p.28
pron. 每人；所有人 p.26 relaxed /rɪˈlækst/ adj. 放松的；镇定的 p.28
be hard on 对……苛刻或过分严厉 p.26 normal /ˈnɔːml/ adj. 正常的；普通的 p.28
player /ˈpleɪə(r)/ n. 运动员；选手 p.26 from time to time 不时；偶尔 p.28
116 Vocabulary in Each Unit
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用mad /mæd/ adj. 很生气；疯狂的 p.28 development /dɪˈveləpmənt/
mean /miːn/ adj. 刻薄的；吝啬的 p.28 n. 发展；壮大 p.34
deep /diːp/ adj. 深的；有……深的 p.28 cubic /ˈkjuːbɪk/ adj. 立方的 p.35
take a deep breath 深呼吸 p.28 cubic metre 立方米 p.35
pass away 去世（委婉说法） p.29 mile /maɪl/ n. 英里 p.35
anybody /ˈenibɒdi/ pron. 任何人 p.29 pool /puːl/ n. 池塘；水坑 p.35
remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ climber /ˈklaɪmə(r)/ n. 攀登者；登山者 p.36
v. 继续存在；保持不变 p.29 northern /ˈnɔːðən/
not only … but also …
adj. 北部的；向北的 p.36
不但 …… 而且…… p.29
distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n. 距离；遥远 p.36
survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 生存；存活；
Thompson /ˈtɒmpsn/ 汤普森 p.29
艰难度过 p.36
condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 环境；条件；
Unit 4
状态 p.36
wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/ n. 奇观；惊叹
degree /dɪˈɡriː/ n. 度；度数；程度 p.36
v. 琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 p.31
cliff /klɪf/ n. 悬崖；峭壁 p.36
desert /ˈdezət/ n. 沙漠；荒原 p.32
changeable /ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/
measurement /ˈmeʒəmənt/ n. 数量；
adj. 可能变化的；易变的；常变的 p.36
测量 p.32
death /deθ/ n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 p.36
square kilometre 平方千米 p.32
determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/
below /bɪˈləʊ/ prep. & adv.
adj. 有决心的；坚决的 p.36
在（……）下面；低于 p.32
above /əˈbʌv/ prep. & adv.
level /ˈlevl/ n. 高度；水平；程度 p.32
在（……）上方；高于 p.36
sea level 海平面 p.32
teammate /ˈtiːmmeɪt/
surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ n. 表面；表层 p.32
n. 同队队员；队友 p.36
depth /depθ/ n. 深（度）；纵深 p.33
shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ n. 肩膀；肩部 p.36
dive /daɪv/ v. & n. 潜水；跳水；俯冲 p.33
bit by bit 一点一点地；逐渐地 p.36
submersible /səbˈmɜːsəbl/ n. 潜水艇 p.33
unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 特别的；
ladder /ˈlædə(r)/ n. 梯子；阶梯；途径 p.37
measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ v. 测量； 量度为
不寻常的 p.33
bottom /ˈbɒtəm/ n. 底部；最下部 p.33 n. 措施；度量单位 p.37
waterfall /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/ n. 瀑布 p.34 successfully /səkˈsesfəli/
civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ adv. 成功地；顺利地 p.37
(= civilisation) n.文明 p.34 risk /rɪsk/ v. 使……冒风险（或面临
at all costs 不惜任何代价 p.34 危险） n. 危险；风险 p.37
Vocabulary in Each Unit 117
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ Nile /naɪl/ River 尼罗河 p.32
n. 好奇心；求知欲 p.37 Angel /ˈeɪndʒl/ Falls 安赫尔瀑布 p.32
ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/ n. 追求的目标； Mount Qomolangma
野心；雄心 p.37 /ˈtʃəʊməʊˌlɑːŋmə/ 珠穆朗玛峰 p.32
explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ Dead Sea 死海 p.32
n. 探险者；勘探者 p.37 Sahara /səˈhɑːrə/ Desert 撒哈拉沙漠 p.32
simply /ˈsɪmpli/ adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 p.37 Mariana /ˌmæriˈænə/ Trench /trentʃ/
risky /ˈrɪski/ adj. 有危险（或风险）的 p.38 马里亚纳海沟 p.32
southern /ˈsʌðən/ adj. 南部的；向南的 p.38 Titanic /taɪˈtænɪk/ 泰坦尼克号 p.33
located /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/ adj. 位于；坐落在 p.38 Yangtze /ˈjæŋtsi/ River 长江 p.34
freshwater /ˈfreʃwɔːtə(r)/ adj. 淡水的； Egypt /ˈiːdʒɪpt/ 埃及 p.34
淡水中生长的 p.38 Taklimakan /ˌtækləˈmɑːkæn/ Desert
type /taɪp/ n. 类型；种类 p.38 塔克拉玛干沙漠 p.34
attract /əˈtrækt/ v. 吸引；招引 p.38 Mount Kilimanjaro /ˌkɪlɪmənˈdʒɑːrəʊ/
curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ adj. 好奇的； 乞力马扎罗山 p.35
求知欲强的 p.38 Inga /ˈɪŋɡə/ Falls 英加瀑布 p.35
traveller /ˈtrævələ(r)/ (= traveler) East African Rift /rɪft/ Valley /ˈvæli/
n. 旅行者；游客 p.38 东非大裂谷 p.35
natural /ˈnætʃrəl/ Victoria /vɪkˈtɔːriə/ Falls 维多利亚瀑布 p.35
adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 p.38 George /dʒɔːdʒ/ Mallory /ˈmæləri/
reef /riːf/ n. 礁；礁脉 p.39 乔治·马洛里 p.37
underwater /ˌʌndəˈwɔːtə(r)/ Siberia /saɪˈbɪəriə/ 西伯利亚 p.38
adj. 水下的；用于水下的 Lake Baikal /ˈbaɪkæl/ 贝加尔湖 p.38
adv. 在水下 p.39 Belgium /ˈbeldʒəm/ 比利时 p.38
northeastern /ˌnɔːθˈiːstən/ Great Barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/ Reef 大堡礁 p.39
adj. 东北的；东北方向的 p.39
coast /kəʊst/ n. 海岸；海滨 p.39 Unit 5
coral /ˈkɒrəl/ n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫 p.39 temper /ˈtempə(r)/ n. 脾气；怒气 p.41
include /ɪnˈkluːd/ v. 包含；包括 p.39 earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 p.42
sand /sænd/ n. 沙子 p.39 typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ n. 台风 p.42
alive /əˈlaɪv/ adj. 活着；在世；有活力 p.39 wildfire /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/ n. 野火 p.42
structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构（体）； snowstorm /ˈsnəʊstɔːm/ n. 雪暴；
构造；体系 p.39 暴风雪 p.42
turtle /ˈtɜːtl/ n. 海龟；龟 p.39 flood /flʌd/ n. 水灾；洪水
lifetime /ˈlaɪftaɪm/ n. 一生；终身 p.39 v. 泛滥；淹没 p.42
118 Vocabulary in Each Unit
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用drought /draʊt/ n. 旱灾；干旱 p.42 tornado /tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/ n. 龙卷风；旋风 p.45
warn /wɔːn/ v. 警告；提醒注意 p.42 worst /wɜːst/ adj. & adv（. bad和badly
do chores 做家务 p.42 的最高级）最坏（的）；最糟（的） p.46
wave /weɪv/ n. 波浪；波；挥手 schoolgirl /ˈskuːlɡɜːl/ n.（ 学校的）女生 p.46
v. 挥手；挥舞 p.43 froth /frɒθ/ n. 泡；泡沫 p.46
tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 p.43 unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/
interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ n. & v. 采访；面试 p.43 adv. 不幸地；可惜地 p.46
slow down（ 使）慢下来；（使）减速 p.43 refuse /reˈfjuːz/ v. 拒绝；退却 p.46
neighbourhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ security /sɪˈkjʊərəti/ n. 安全；保安；
(= neighborhood) n. 街区； 保障 p.46
临近的地方 p.43 guard /ɡɑːd/ n. 卫兵；保卫 v. 保卫 p.46
roof /ruːf/ n. 屋顶；顶部 p.43 security guard 保安人员 p.46
nearly /ˈnɪəli/ adv. 几乎；差不多； nearby /ˌnɪəˈbaɪ/ adj. 附近的
将近 p.43 adv. 在附近 p.46
come off（从某物上）脱落； 掉落 p.43 scream /skriːm/ v. 尖叫 p.46
report /rɪˈpɔːt/ n. & v. 报道；汇报 p.43 thankfully /ˈθæŋkfəli/
trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ n. 苦恼；困难 adv. 幸亏；感激地 p.47
v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 p.43 knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识；学问 p.47
relative /ˈrelətɪv/ n. 亲戚；亲属 p.44 thinking /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/ n. 思考；想法 p.47
truck /trʌk/ n. 卡车 p.44 as soon as 一……就…… p.47
supply /səˈplaɪ/ n. 供应（量） ； hero /ˈhɪərəʊ/ n. (pl. heroes) 英雄；
(pl. supplies) 补给（品） 男主角；偶像 p.47
v. 供应；供给 p.44 landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ n. 滑坡； 塌方 p.48
preparation /ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/ safeguard /ˈseɪfɡɑːd/ v. 保护；捍卫 p.48
n. 准备（工作）；预备 p.44 floodwater /ˈflʌdwɔːtə(r)/ n. 洪水 p.48
make preparations 作准备 p.44 manpower /ˈmænpaʊə(r)/
power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n. 电力供应；能量； n. 劳动力；人力 p.48
力量 p.45 heartbeat /ˈhɑːtbiːt/ n. 心跳（声） p.48
soundly /ˈsaʊndli/ adv（. 睡觉）酣畅地； rescue /ˈreskjuː/ n. & v. 救援；营救 p.48
可靠地；完全彻底地 p.45 heatwave /ˈhiːtweɪv/ n. 热浪 p.48
thick /θɪk/ adj. 厚的；浓密的 p.45 southwestern /ˌsaʊθˈwestən/
beat /biːt/ v. (beat, beaten /ˈbiːtn/) adj. 西南的；西南方向的 p.48
敲；打 n.敲击；跳动 p.45 firefighter /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/ n. 消防队员 p.48
hide /haɪd/ v. (hid /hɪd/, hidden /ˈhɪdn/) volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ n. 志愿者；
躲藏；隐蔽 p.45 自告奋勇者 v. 自愿做；义务做 p.48
Vocabulary in Each Unit 119
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用terribly /ˈterəbli/ adv. 非常糟地；非常 p.49 hug /hʌɡ/ v. & n. 拥抱 p.52
alarm /əˈlɑːm/ n. 警报（器）；惊恐 p.49 embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 尴尬的 p.52
alarm clock 闹钟 p.49 confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 困惑的 p.52
go off（ 警报器等）发出响声 p.49 formal /ˈfɔːml/ adj. 正式的 p.52
review /rɪˈvjuː/ v. 复习；回顾；复查 curry /ˈkʌri/ n. 咖喱菜 p.53
n. 回顾；审查 p.49 rude /ruːd/ adj. 粗鲁的 p.53
sudden /ˈsʌdn/ adj. 突然的；骤然的 p.49 uncommon /ʌnˈkɒmən/ adj. 罕见的；
all of a sudden 突然；猛地 p.49 不寻常的 p.53
thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/ n. 雷；雷声 palm /pɑːm/ n. 手掌 p.53
v. 打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 p.49 namaste /nɑːˈmɑːste/ interj. 有礼了
by the time 到……的时候 p.49 （印度人行合十礼时口中所念之词） p.53
usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 通常的；寻常的 p.49 fork /fɔːk/ n. 叉子 p.53
out of breath 上气不接下气 p.49 Indian /ˈɪndiən/ adj. 印度的；印度人的
rainstorm /ˈreɪnstɔːm/ n. 暴风雨 p.49 n. 印度人 p.53
as a result 因此 p.49 manner /ˈmænə(r)/ n. 方式；
unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/ adj. 不幸的； (pl. manners) 礼仪 p.54
不顺利的；不吉利的 p.49 table manners 餐桌礼仪 p.54
confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/
Tilly /ˈtɪli/ 蒂莉 p.46 adj. 令人困惑的；难以理解的 p.54
Phuket /ˌpuːˈket/ 普吉岛 p.46 unless /ənˈles/ conj. 除非； 如果不 p.54
Indonesia /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/ 印度尼西亚 p.46 proper /ˈprɒpə(r)/ adj. 恰当的；正确的 p.54
Japan /dʒəˈpæn/ 日本 p.48 sit up 坐直 p.54
keep … off 使不碰到；使避开 p.54
Unit 6 elbow /ˈelbəʊ/ n. 肘；肘部 p.54
shake /ʃeɪk/ v. (shook /ʃʊk/, shaken serving /ˈsɜːvɪŋ/ adj. 分菜用的
/ˈʃeɪkən/)与（某人）握手；摇动 n. 一份食物 p.54
n.摇动；奶昔 p.52 chopstick /ˈtʃɒpstɪk/ n. (usually pl.)
bow /baʊ/ v. & n.鞠躬 p.52 筷子 p.54
bump /bʌmp/ v. 碰；撞 serving chopsticks 公筷 p.54
n. 碰撞；（撞击造成的）肿块 p.52 surprising /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/
fist /fɪst/ n. 拳头 p.52 adj. 出人意料的；令人吃惊的 p.55
rub /rʌb/ v. 摩擦；揉 p.52 embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/
kiss /kɪs/ v. 亲吻 n. 吻 p.52 adj. 使人难堪的 p.55
cheek /tʃiːk/ n. 脸颊 p.52 be used to 习惯于 p.55
120 Vocabulary in Each Unit
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/ adj. 与文化有关的； main /meɪn/ adj. 主要的 p.59
文化的 p.55 false /fɔːls/ adj. 错误的；不真实的 p.59
hear from 得到……消息 p.56 impression /ɪmˈpreʃn/ n. 印象 p.59
custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n. 习俗 p.56 cheers /tʃɪəz/ interj. 再见；干杯 p.59
occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/ n. 场合；重大活动 p.56
nicely /ˈnaɪsli/ Ji-Hoon /ˈdʒiːˌhuːn/ 智勋
adv.漂亮地；令人愉快地 p.56
（朝鲜或韩国人名） p.52
blouse /blaʊz/ n（. 女式）衬衫或短上衣 p.56
Kaito /ˈkaɪtəʊ/ 海斗（ 日本人名） p.52
private /ˈpraɪvət/
Marie /məˈriː/ 玛丽 p.52
adj. 不喜欢谈论私事的；私人的 p.56
Türkiye /ˈtʊəkijə/ 土耳其 p.55
whether /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 是否 p.56
Mexico /ˈmeksɪkəʊ/ 墨西哥 p.55
married /ˈmærid/ adj. 已婚的； 婚姻的 p.56
Peru /pəˈruː/ 秘鲁 p.55
merci 谢谢（法语） p.57
Germany /ˈdʒɜːməni/ 德国 p.55
go a long way 帮助很大 p.57
Paris /ˈpærɪs/ 巴黎（法国首都） p.56
au revoir 再见（法语） p.57
get along 相处融洽；进展 p.57
Unit 7
correct /kəˈrekt/ adj. 正确的；恰当的 p.58
a good read 好的读物；好书
unsafe /ʌnˈseɪf/ adj. 不安全的；危险的 p.58
（或文章等） p.61
informal /ɪnˈfɔːml/ adj. 非正式的 p.58
adventure /ədˈventʃə(r)/ n. 冒险；
improper /ɪmˈprɒpə(r)/ adj. 不合适的 p.58
冒险经历 p.62
jeans /dʒiːnz/ n. (pl.)牛仔裤 p.58
fantasy /ˈfæntəsi/ n. 幻想作品；幻想 p.62
marry /ˈmæri/ v. 结婚； 娶； 嫁 p.58
mystery /ˈmɪstri/ n. 悬疑小说（或电影、
congratulate /kənˈɡrætʃəleɪt/ v. 祝贺 p.58
戏剧）；神秘的事物；奥秘 p.62
Asian /ˈeɪʒn; ˈeɪʃn/ adj. 亚洲的
n. 亚洲人 p.58
fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ n. 小说 p.62
tradition /trəˈdɪʃn/ n. 传统 p.58 detective /dɪˈtektɪv/ n. 侦探 p.62
firstly /ˈfɜːstli/ adv. 第一；首先 p.58 alien /ˈeɪliən/ n. 外星人 p.62
secondly /ˈsekəndli/ adv. 第二；其次 p.58 attack /əˈtæk/ v. & n. 攻击；进攻 p.62
thirdly /ˈθɜːdli/ adv. 第三 p.58 hear of 听说；得知 p.62
correctly /kəˈrektli/ adv. 正确地； kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/ n. 王国 p.63
恰当地 p.58 historical /hɪˈstɒrɪkl/ adj. 历史的；
receive /rɪˈsiːv/ v. 收到 p.59 有关历史的 p.63
sign-off /ˈsaɪnɒf/ n（. 信件或广播的） force /fɔːs/ v. 强迫；迫使；用力推动
结束语；收尾 p.59 n. 力；武力 p.63
Vocabulary in Each Unit 121
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用steal /stiːl/ v. (stole /stəʊl/, stolen since /sɪns/ prep., adv. & conj.
/ˈstəʊlən/) 偷；窃取 p.63 自……以后；从……以来
punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v. 惩罚；处罚 p.63 conj. 既然；由于 p.66
idiom /ˈɪdiəm/ n. 习语；成语 p.63 secretly /ˈsiːkrətli/ adv. 秘密地 p.66
recently /ˈriːsntli/ adv. 最近；不久前 p.64 prove /pruːv/ v. (proved, proved或
lost /lɒst/ adj. 迷路的；丢失的； proved, proven /ˈpruːvn/) 证明；
失去的 p.64 证实；显示是 p.66
get lost 迷路 p.64 get to one’s feet 站起身来 p.66
recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ day by day 一天天；逐日 p.66
v. 推荐；建议 p.65 build-up /ˈbɪldʌp/ n. 准备期；
society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 社会；社团 p.65 准备过程 p.67
literary /ˈlɪtərəri/ adj. 文学的； climax /ˈklaɪmæks/ n. 高潮；极点 p.67
文学上的 p.65 effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响；结果 p.67
base /beɪs/ v. 以……为据点 in time 及时；来得及 p.68
n. 根基；基础；根据地 p.65 reader /ˈriːdə(r)/ n. 读者；简易读物 p.68
base sth on sth 以……为基础（或根据） p.65 librarian /laɪˈbreəriən/ n. 图书管理员；
summary /ˈsʌməri/ n. 总结；概要 p.66 图书馆馆长 p.68
spoiled /spɔɪld/ adj. (= spoilt /spɔɪlt/) consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/
宠坏的；娇惯坏的 p.66 v. 认为；仔细考虑 p.68
selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adj. 自私的 p.66 enemy /ˈenəmi/ n. 敌人 p.68
painful /ˈpeɪnfl/ adj. 令人痛苦的； naughty /ˈnɔːti/ adj. 淘气的 p.68
（身体部位）疼痛的 p.66 gentle /ˈdʒentl/ adj. 温柔的 p.68
lock /lɒk/ v. 用锁锁上 n. 锁 p.66 defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ v. 击败；战胜
lock up 锁好（建筑物的）门 p.66 n. 失败；击败 p.68
unlock /ʌnˈlɒk/ v. 开……的锁； basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 基本的；初步的 p.69
发现；揭开 p.66 recommendation /ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn/
hidden /ˈhɪdn/ adj. 隐藏的； 秘密的 p.66 n. 推荐；提议 p.69
nobody /ˈnəʊbədi/ pron. 没有人； American /əˈmerɪkən/ adj. 美国的；
谁也不 p.66 美洲的 n. 美国人；美洲人 p.69
therefore /ˈðeəfɔː(r)/ adv. 因此；所以 p.66 bone /bəʊn/ n. 骨头 p.69
state /steɪt/ n. 状态；国家；州 doubt /daʊt/ v. 怀疑 n. 疑惑；不确定 p.69
v. 陈述；说明 p.66 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v. 激励；鼓舞 p.69
weak /wiːk/ adj. 虚弱的；（能力）弱的 p.66 destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 破坏；摧毁 p.69
122 Vocabulary in Each Unit
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用introduction /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn/ The Wonderful Wizard /ˈwɪzəd/ of
n. 介绍；序言 p.69 Oz /ɒz/《 绿野仙踪》 p.66
A Dream of Red Mansions /ˈmænʃnz/
Journey to the West《 西游记》 p.62 《 红楼梦》 p.66
Harry Potter /ˈpɒtə(r)/ and the Treasure Island《 金银岛》 p.66
Philosopher’s /fəˈlɒsəfəz/ Red Star over China《 红星照耀中国》 p.66
Stone /stəʊn/《 哈利·波特与 The Secret Garden《 秘密花园》 p.66
魔法石》 p.62 Frances /ˈfrɑːnsɪs/ Hodgson /ˈhɒdʒsn/
The Time Machine《 时间机器》 p.62 Burnett /bɜ:ˈnet;ˈbɜ:nɪt /
The Final Problem《 最后一案》 p.62 弗朗西丝· 霍奇森·伯内特 p.66
The Three-Body Problem《 三体》 p.62 Lennox /ˈlenəks/ 伦诺克斯 p.66
Around the World in Eighty Days Craven /ˈkreɪvn/ 克雷文 p.66
《八十天环游地球》 p.62 Dickon /ˈdɪkən/ 迪康 p.66
Sherlock /ˈʃɜːlɒk/ Holmes /həʊmz/ Colin /ˈkɒlɪn/ 科林 p.66
夏洛克·福尔摩斯 p.62 The Old Man and the Sea《 老人与海》 p.69
The Romance /rəʊˈmæns/ of the Ernest /ˈɜːnɪst/ Hemingway /ˈhemɪŋweɪ/
Three Kingdoms《 三国演义》 p.63 欧内斯特·海明威 p.69
Oliver /ˈɒlɪvə(r)/ Twist /twɪst/ Pulitzer /ˈpʊlɪtsə(r)/ Prize 普利策奖 p.69
《 雾都孤儿》 p.63
Charles /tʃɑːlz/ Dickens /ˈdɪkɪnz/ Unit 8
查尔斯·狄更斯 p.63 make a difference 有作用；有影响 p.71
Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland visitor /ˈvɪzɪtə(r)/ n. 参观者；来访者 p.72
/ˈwʌndəlænd/《 爱丽丝梦游仙境》 p.64 elderly /ˈeldəli/ adj. 年纪较大的；
Lewis /ˈluːɪs/ Carroll /ˈkærəl/ 上了年纪的 p.72
刘易斯·卡罗尔 p.64 the elderly 老人；上了年纪的人 p.72
The Little Prince《 小王子》 p.65 organization /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/
The Little Match Girl (= organisation) n. 组织；团体；
《卖火柴的小女孩》 p.65 机构 p.72
Outlaws /ˈaʊtlɔːz/ of the Marsh /mɑːʃ/ stadium /ˈsteɪdiəm/ n. 体育馆；运动场 p.72
《 水浒传》 p.65 provide /prəˈvaɪd/ v. 提供；给予 p.72
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer can /kæn/ n（. 装食品或饮料的）金属罐；
/ˈsɔːjə(r)/《 汤姆·索亚历险记》 p.65 一罐（的量） p.72
My Childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/《 童年》 p.66 owner /ˈəʊnə(r)/ n. 主人；物主 p.73
Vocabulary in Each Unit 123
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用cage /keɪdʒ/ n. 笼子 p.73 most of all 最主要的是 p.77
donation /dəʊˈneɪʃn/ n. 捐赠物；捐赠 p.73 value /ˈvæljuː/ n. 重要作用；价值 p.77
shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n. 庇护所；居所 p.73 voluntary /ˈvɒləntri/ adj. 自愿的；
interviewer /ˈɪntəvjuːə(r)/ n. 面试官； 无偿的 p.77
采访者 p.73 ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/ adj. 平凡的；普通的 p.77
youth /juːθ/ n. 青年；青年时期 p.74 worth /wɜːθ/ adj. 值得；有价值 p.77
nursing home 养老院 p.74 audience /ˈɔːdiəns/ n. 听众；观众 p.77
active /ˈæktɪv/ adj. 活跃的；积极的 p.74 willing /ˈwɪlɪŋ/ adj. 乐意的；愿意的 p.77
come along 赶快； 跟着来 p.74 on the go 在忙碌中 p.78
army /ˈɑːmi/ n. 军队 p.75 in need 需要帮助的；生活困难的 p.78
soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/ n. 军人；士兵 p.75 completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ adv. 完全地；
primary /ˈpraɪməri/ adj. 小学教育的； 彻底地 p.78
首要的 p.75 success /səkˈses/ n. 成功 p.78
help out 分担工作；帮忙做 p.75 elder /ˈeldə(r)/ adj（. 两人中）年纪较长
charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善机构（或组织）； 的（尤指哥哥姐姐） p.78
慈善事业 p.75 donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠；赠送 p.78
warmly /ˈwɔːmli/ adv. 热情地；温暖地 p.75 pocket /ˈpɒkɪt/ n. 口袋 p.78
lady /ˈleɪdi/ n. 女士；淑女 p.76 pocket money 零花钱 p.78
gentleman /ˈdʒentlmən/ effort /ˈefət/ n. 努力；艰难的尝试 p.78
n. (pl. gentlemen /ˈdʒentlmən/) hand out 分发 p.78
先生；君子 p.76 familiar with 通晓；熟悉 p.79
bark /bɑːk/ v（. 狗）吠叫 n. 狗叫声 p.76 etc. /etˈsetərə/ 等等； 以及诸如此类 p.79
sign up 报名 p.76 talent /ˈtælənt/ n. 才能；天赋；天才 p.79
ever since 自从；自……以后 p.76 madam /ˈmædəm/ n（. 正式、礼貌的
adult /ˈædʌlt; əˈdʌlt/ n. 成年人 称呼）女士；夫人 p.79
adj. 成年的；成熟的 p.76 advertisement
missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/ adj. 失踪的；丢失的 p.76 /ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt; ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt/
practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ adj. 实用的； n. (= ad /æd/ )广告；启事 p.79
实际的 p.77
life-saving /ˈlaɪfˌseɪvɪŋ/ adj. 救命的； Robert /ˈrɒbət/ 罗伯特 p.73
救生的 p.77 Argentina /ˌɑːdʒənˈtiːnə/ 阿根廷 p.75
teamwork /ˈtiːmwɜːk/ n. 团队合作 p.77 Blue Sky Rescue 蓝天救援队 p.76
successful /səkˈsesfl/ adj. 成功的； Philippines /ˈfɪlɪpiːnz/ 菲律宾 p.76
有成就的 p.77
124 Vocabulary in Each Unit
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Vocabulary A–Z
（注：依据《义务教育英语课程标准（2022年版）》，本词表中的重点词汇用粗体显示。）
A anger /ˈæŋɡə(r)/ n. 怒火 p.22
a bit 有点儿；稍微 p.26 anybody /ˈenibɒdi/ pron. 任何人 p.29
a good read 好的读物；好书 apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/
（或文章等） p.61 (= apologise) v. 道歉 p.27
above /əˈbʌv/ prep. & adv. army /ˈɑːmi/ n. 军队 p.75
在（……）上方；高于 p.36 as a result 因此 p.49
ache /eɪk/ n. & v. 疼痛 p.13 as soon as 一……就…… p.47
achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n. 成就 p.6 as well 也；又 p.26
active /ˈæktɪv/ adj. 活跃的；积极的 p.74 Asian /ˈeɪʒn; ˈeɪʃn/ adj. 亚洲的
adult /ˈædʌlt; əˈdʌlt/ n. 成年人 n. 亚洲人 p.58
adj. 成年的；成熟的 p.76 at all costs 不惜任何代价 p.34
adventure /ədˈventʃə(r)/ n. 冒险； attack /əˈtæk/ v. & n. 攻击；进攻 p.62
冒险经历 p.62 attract /əˈtrækt/ v. 吸引；招引 p.38
advertisement au revoir 再见（法语） p.57
/ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt; ˌædvərˈtaɪzmənt/ audience /ˈɔːdiəns/ n. 听众；观众 p.77
n. (= ad /æd/ )广告；启事 p.79 avoid /əˈvɔɪd/ v. 避免；防止 p.13
advise /ədˈvaɪz/ v. 建议；劝告 p.22 awake /əˈweɪk/ adj. 醒着的 p.28
aid /eɪd/ n. & v. 帮助；援助 p.16 award /əˈwɔːd/ n. 奖；奖品 p.24
alarm /əˈlɑːm/ n. 警报（器）；惊恐 p.49
alarm clock 闹钟 p.49 B
alien /ˈeɪliən/ n. 外星人 p.62 backache /ˈbækeɪk/ n. 背痛；腰痛 p.12
alive /əˈlaɪv/ adj. 活着；在世；有活力 p.39 badly /ˈbædli/ adv. (worse /wɜːs/,
all of a sudden 突然；猛地 p.49 worst /wɜːst/)严重地 p.17
all smiles 笑容满面 p.26 bark /bɑːk/ v（. 狗）吠叫 n. 狗叫声 p.76
allergic /əˈlɜːdʒɪk/ adj. 过敏的 p.19 base /beɪs/ v. 以……为据点
allow /əˈlaʊ/ v. 使……成为可能；允许 p.6 n. 根基；基础；根据地 p.65
ambition /æmˈbɪʃn/ n. 追求的目标； base sth on sth 以……为基础（或根据） p.65
野心；雄心 p.37 basic /ˈbeɪsɪk/ adj. 基本的；初步的 p.69
American /əˈmerɪkən/ adj. 美国的； be about to 即将；正要（做某事） p.16
美洲的 n. 美国人；美洲人 p.69 be hard on 对……苛刻或过分严厉 p.26
Vocabulary A–Z 125
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用be used to 习惯于 p.55 charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善机构（或组织）；
beat /biːt/ v. (beat, beaten /ˈbiːtn/) 慈善事业 p.75
敲；打 n.敲击；跳动 p.45 chat /tʃæt/ v. & n. 闲聊 p.5
behave /bɪˈheɪv/ v. 表现；举止得体 p.28 check /tʃek/ v. 检查；查明
below /bɪˈləʊ/ prep. & adv. n. 检查；调查 p.18
在（……）下面；低于 p.32 cheek /tʃiːk/ n. 脸颊 p.52
bit /bɪt/ n. 有点儿；稍微 p.26 cheers /tʃɪəz/ interj. 再见；干杯 p.59
bit by bit 一点一点地；逐渐地 p.36 chopstick /ˈtʃɒpstɪk/ n. (usually pl.)
bleed /bliːd/ v. (bled /bled/, bled) 筷子 p.54
流血；出血 p.18 civilization /ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn/
blouse /blaʊz/ n（. 女式）衬衫或短上衣 p.56 (= civilisation) n. 文明 p.34
bone /bəʊn/ n. 骨头 p.69 clear /klɪə(r)/ adj. 清晰的； 清楚的
bottom /ˈbɒtəm/ n. 底部；最下部 p.33 v. 清理 p.15
bow /baʊ/ v. & n.鞠躬 p.52 clear the air 尽释前嫌 p.23
brightness /ˈbraɪtnəs/ n. 亮度 p.15 clearly /ˈklɪəli/ adv. 清楚地 p.24
bruised /bruːzd/ adj. 受了瘀伤的 p.13 cliff /klɪf/ n. 悬崖；峭壁 p.36
build-up /ˈbɪldʌp/ n. 准备期； climax /ˈklaɪmæks/ n. 高潮；极点 p.67
准备过程 p.67 climber /ˈklaɪmə(r)/ n. 攀登者；登山者 p.36
bully /ˈbʊli/ v. 霸凌；恐吓 n. 恶霸 p.28 coach /kəʊtʃ/ n. 教练 p.26
bump /bʌmp/ v. 碰；撞 coast /kəʊst/ n. 海岸；海滨 p.39
n. 碰撞；（撞击造成的）肿块 p.52 coin /kɔɪn/ n. 硬币 p.6
burn /bɜːn/ v. (burnt /bɜːnt/, burnt) come along 赶快； 跟着来 p.74
燃烧；着火 n. 烧伤 p.16 come off（从某物上）脱落； 掉落 p.43
by the time 到……的时候 p.49 completely /kəmˈpliːtli/ adv. 完全地；
彻底地 p.78
C condition /kənˈdɪʃn/ n. 环境；条件；
cage /keɪdʒ/ n. 笼子 p.73 状态 p.36
calligraphy /kəˈlɪɡrəfi/ n. 书法 p.2 confused /kənˈfjuːzd/ adj. 困惑的 p.52
can /kæn/ n（. 装食品或饮料的）金属罐； confusing /kənˈfjuːzɪŋ/
一罐（的量） p.72 adj. 令人困惑的；难以理解的 p.54
careless /ˈkeələs/ congratulate /kənˈɡrætʃəleɪt/ v. 祝贺 p.58
adj. 不小心的；粗心的 p.13 consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/
catch fire 着火 p.16 v. 认为；仔细考虑 p.68
changeable /ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/ control /kənˈtrəʊl/ v. & n. 控制 p.22
adj. 可能变化的；易变的；常变的 p.36 coral /ˈkɒrəl/ n. 珊瑚；珊瑚虫 p.39
126 Vocabulary A–Z
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用correct /kəˈrekt/ adj. 正确的；恰当的 p.58 detective /dɪˈtektɪv/ n. 侦探 p.62
correctly /kəˈrektli/ adv. 正确地； determined /dɪˈtɜːmɪnd/
恰当地 p.58 adj. 有决心的；坚决的 p.36
cough /kɒf/ n. & v. 咳嗽 p.13 development /dɪˈveləpmənt/
cross /krɒs/ v. 穿越；横过；交叉 p.15 n.发展；壮大 p.34
cubic /ˈkjuːbɪk/ adj. 立方的 p.35 differently /ˈdɪfrəntli/ adv. 不同地 p.28
cubic metre 立方米 p.35 distance /ˈdɪstəns/ n. 距离；遥远 p.36
cultural /ˈkʌltʃərəl/ adj. 与文化有关的； dive /daɪv/ v. & n. 潜水；跳水；俯冲 p.33
文化的 p.55 do chores 做家务 p.42
curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ donate /dəʊˈneɪt/ v. 捐赠；赠送 p.78
n. 好奇心；求知欲 p.37 donation /dəʊˈneɪʃn/ n. 捐赠物；捐赠 p.73
curious /ˈkjʊəriəs/ adj. 好奇的； doubt /daʊt/ v. 怀疑 n. 疑惑；不确定 p.69
求知欲强的 p.38 dream of 梦想；希望 p.7
curry /ˈkʌri/ n. 咖喱菜 p.53 drought /draʊt/ n. 旱灾；干旱 p.42
custom /ˈkʌstəm/ n. 习俗 p.56
cut ... in half 切成两半 p.25 E
earthquake /ˈɜːθkweɪk/ n. 地震 p.42
D eat out 上馆子吃饭；在外用餐 p.17
dare /deə(r)/ v. & modal v. 敢于 p.26 effect /ɪˈfekt/ n. 影响；结果 p.67
day by day 一天天；逐日 p.66 effort /ˈefət/ n. 努力；艰难的尝试 p.78
deal /diːl/ n. 交易；协议 elbow /ˈelbəʊ/ n. 肘；肘部 p.54
v. (dealt /delt/, dealt) 对付 p.4 elder /ˈeldə(r)/ adj（. 两人中）年纪较长
deal with 处理；对付 p.21 的（尤指哥哥姐姐） p.78
death /deθ/ n. 死亡；毁灭；破灭 p.36 elderly /ˈeldəli/ adj. 年纪较大的；
decision /dɪˈsɪʒn/ n. 决定 p.26 上了年纪的 p.72
deep /diːp/ adj. 深的；有……深的 p.28 embarrassed /ɪmˈbærəst/ adj. 尴尬的 p.52
defeat /dɪˈfiːt/ v. 击败；战胜 embarrassing /ɪmˈbærəsɪŋ/
n. 失败；击败 p.68 adj. 使人难堪的 p.55
degree /dɪˈɡriː/ n. 度；度数；程度 p.36 emotion /ɪˈməʊʃn/ n. 情绪；情感 p.21
dentist /ˈdentɪst/ n. 牙科医生 p.13 enemy /ˈenəmi/ n. 敌人 p.68
depth /depθ/ n. 深（度）；纵深 p.33 enter /ˈentə(r)/ v. 进入 p.26
description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n. 描写；形容 p.14 environment /ɪnˈvaɪrənmənt/ n. 环境 p.15
desert /ˈdezət/ n. 沙漠；荒原 p.32 etc. /etˈsetərə/ 等等； 以及诸如此类 p.79
destroy /dɪˈstrɔɪ/ v. 破坏；摧毁 p.69 even though 即使；虽然 p.27
Vocabulary A–Z 127
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用ever since 自从；自……以后 p.76 freshwater /ˈfreʃwɔːtə(r)/ adj. 淡水的；
everybody /ˈevribɒdi/ 淡水中生长的 p.38
pron. 每人；所有人 p.26 from now on 从现在起 p.19
explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrə(r)/ n. 探险者； from time to time 不时；偶尔 p.28
勘探者 p.37 froth /frɒθ/ n. 泡；泡沫 p.46
express /ɪkˈspres/ v. 表达；表示 p.2 fry /fraɪ/ v. 油炸；油煎；油炒 p.16
extinguisher /ɪkˈstɪŋɡwɪʃə(r)/ n. 灭火器 p.16
G
F gas /ɡæs/ n. 气体；燃气 p.13
failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败 p.8 gentle /ˈdʒentl/ adj. 温柔的 p.68
false /fɔːls/ adj. 错误的；不真实的 p.59 gentleman /ˈdʒentlmən/
familiar with 通晓；熟悉 p.79 n. (pl. gentlemen /ˈdʒentlmən/)
fantasy /ˈfæntəsi/ n. 幻想作品；幻想 p.62 先生；君子 p.76
fault /fɔːlt/ n. 过错；责任 p.23 get across 解释清楚；传达 p.24
fear /fɪə(r)/ n. & v. 害怕；担忧 p.3 get along 相处融洽；进展 p.57
feel blue 感到忧郁 p.26 get into 开始做某事；进入 p.5
fever /ˈfiːvə(r)/ n. 发烧 p.13 get lost 迷路 p.64
fiction /ˈfɪkʃn/ n. 小说 p.62 get over 克服（困难）；解决（问题） p.3
firefighter /ˈfaɪəfaɪtə(r)/ n. 消防队员 p.48 get to one’s feet 站起身来 p.66
first aid 急救 p.16 give it a go 试一试某事 p.5
firstly /ˈfɜːstli/ adv. 第一；首先 p.58 give up 放弃 p.3
fist /fɪst/ n. 拳头 p.52 go a long way 帮助很大 p.57
flame /fleɪm/ n. 火焰 p.16 go off （ 警报器等）发出响声 p.49
flood /flʌd/ n. 水灾；洪水 go on an outing 出外游玩 p.5
v. 泛滥；淹没 p.42 go wrong 出现问题；发生故障；搞错 p.27
floodwater /ˈflʌdwɔːtə(r)/ n. 洪水 p.48 guard /ɡɑːd/ n. 卫兵；保卫 v. 保卫 p.46
flu /fluː/ n. 流行性感冒 p.14
force /fɔːs/ v. 强迫；迫使；用力推动 H
n. 力；武力 p.63 hand out 分发 p.78
foreign /ˈfɒrən/ adj. 外国的；国外的 p.7 happily /ˈhæpɪli/ adv. 快乐地；高兴地 p.16
forgive /fəˈɡɪv/ v. (forgave /fəˈɡeɪv/, harm /hɑːm/ n. & v. 伤害；损害 p.17
forgiven /fəˈɡɪvn/) 原谅；宽恕 p.23 harmful /ˈhɑːmfl/ adj. 有害的 p.18
fork /fɔːk/ n. 叉子 p.53 headache /ˈhedeɪk/ n. 头痛 p.12
formal /ˈfɔːml/ adj. 正式的 p.52 hear from 得到……消息 p.56
128 Vocabulary A–Z
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用hear of 听说；得知 p.62 ink /ɪŋk/ n. 墨水 p.4
heartbeat /ˈhɑːtbiːt/ n. 心跳（声） p.48 inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ n. 鼓舞人心或
heatwave /ˈhiːtweɪv/ n. 热浪 p.48 启发灵感的人（或事物）；灵感 p.8
help out 分担工作；帮忙做 p.75 inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v. 激励；鼓舞 p.69
hero /ˈhɪərəʊ/ n. (pl. heroes) 英雄； instructor /ɪnˈstrʌktə(r)/
男主角；偶像 p.47 n. 教练；指导者 p.3
hidden /ˈhɪdn/ adj. 隐藏的； 秘密的 p.66 interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ n. & v. 采访；面试 p.43
hide /haɪd/ v. (hid /hɪd/, hidden /ˈhɪdn/) interviewer /ˈɪntəvjuːə(r)/ n. 面试官；
躲藏；隐蔽 p.45 采访者 p.73
historical /hɪˈstɒrɪkl/ adj. 历史的； introduction /ˌɪntrəˈdʌkʃn/
有关历史的 p.63 n. 介绍；序言 p.69
hit /hɪt/ v. (hit, hit) 碰撞；击；打 Italian /ɪˈtæliən/ adj. 意大利的；
n. 打；击；击中 p.18 意大利人的；意大利语的
hug /hʌɡ/ v. & n. 拥抱 p.52 n. 意大利人；意大利语 p.6
hurtful /ˈhɜːtfl/ adj. 伤感情的 p.22
J
I jeans /dʒiːnz/ n. (pl.)牛仔裤 p.58
ice-skate /ˈaɪsskeɪt/ v. 滑冰；溜冰 p.5 joyful /ˈdʒɔɪfl/ adj. 高兴的；
ice skating /ˈaɪsˌskeɪtɪŋ/ 滑冰；溜冰 p.3 令人愉快的 p.28
idiom /ˈɪdiəm/ n. 习语；成语 p.63
illness /ˈɪlnəs/ n. 疾病 p.14 K
importantly /ɪmˈpɔːtntli/ adv. 重要地 p.9 keep … off 使不碰到；使避开 p.54
impression /ɪmˈpreʃn/ n. 印象 p.59 kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/ n. 王国 p.63
improper /ɪmˈprɒpə(r)/ adj. 不合适的 p.58 kiss /kɪs/ v. 亲吻 n. 吻 p.52
in future 今后； 从今以后 p.23 knife /naɪf/ n. (pl. knives /naɪvz/) 刀 p.15
in low spirits 情绪低落； 精神不振 p.26 knowledge /ˈnɒlɪdʒ/ n. 知识；学问 p.47
in need 需要帮助的；生活困难的 p.78 kung fu /ˌkʌŋˈfuː/ n. 功夫 p.5
in return 作为回报 p.4
in time 及时；来得及 p.68 L
include /ɪnˈkluːd/ v. 包含；包括 p.39 ladder /ˈlædə(r)/ n. 梯子；阶梯；途径 p.37
Indian /ˈɪndiən/ adj. 印度的；印度人的 lady /ˈleɪdi/ n. 女士；淑女 p.76
n. 印度人 p.53 landslide /ˈlændslaɪd/ n.滑坡；塌方 p.48
informal /ɪnˈfɔːml/ adj. 非正式的 p.58 lastly /ˈlɑːstli/ adv. 最后 p.25
injury /ˈɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害；损伤 p.14 let down 使失望 p.26
Vocabulary A–Z 129
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用level /ˈlevl/ n. 高度；水平；程度 p.32 mask /mɑːsk/ n. 口罩 p.14
librarian /laɪˈbreəriən/ mean /miːn/ adj. 刻薄的；吝啬的 p.28
n. 图书管理员；图书馆馆长 p.68 measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ v. 测量； 量度为
lie /laɪ/ v. (lay /leɪ/, lain /leɪn/) n. 措施；度量单位 p.37
平躺；平放 p.28 measurement /ˈmeʒəmənt/ n. 数量；
life-saving /ˈlaɪfˌseɪvɪŋ/ adj. 救命的； 测量 p.32
救生的 p.77 medicine /ˈmedsn/ n. 药；医学 p.14
lifetime /ˈlaɪftaɪm/ n. 一生；终身 p.39 merci 谢谢（法语） p.57
literary /ˈlɪtərəri/ adj. 文学的； mile /maɪl/ n. 英里 p.35
文学上的 p.65 missing /ˈmɪsɪŋ/ adj. 失踪的；丢失的 p.76
located /ləʊˈkeɪtɪd/ adj. 位于；坐落在 p.38 most of all 最主要的是 p.77
lock /lɒk/ v. 用锁锁上 n. 锁 p.66 mystery /ˈmɪstri/ n. 悬疑小说（或电影、
lock up 锁好（建筑物的）门 p.66 戏剧）；神秘的事物；奥秘 p.62
lonely /ˈləʊnli/ adj. 孤独的；寂寞的 p.22
look on the bright side 从好的方面想； N
抱乐观态度 p.24 namaste /nɑːˈmɑːste/ interj. 有礼了
lost /lɒst/ adj. 迷路的；丢失的； （印度人行合十礼时口中所念之词） p.53
失去的 p.64 natural /ˈnætʃrəl/
luckily /ˈlʌkɪli/ adv. 幸运地 p.17 adj. 自然的；天然的；天生的 p.38
naughty /ˈnɔːti/ adj. 淘气的 p.68
M nearby /ˌnɪəˈbaɪ/ adj. 附近的
mad /mæd/ adj. 很生气；疯狂的 p.28 adv. 在附近 p.46
madam /ˈmædəm/ n（. 正式、礼貌的 nearly /ˈnɪəli/ adv. 几乎；差不多；
称呼）女士；夫人 p.79 将近 p.43
main /meɪn/ adj. 主要的 p.59 negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj. 否定的；
make a difference 有作用；有影响 p.71 消极的 p.28
make preparations 作准备 p.44 neighbourhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/
manage /ˈmænɪdʒ/ (= neighborhood) n. 街区；
v. 完成（困难的事）；管理 p.4 临近的地方 p.43
manner /ˈmænə(r)/ n. 方式； nervously /ˈnɜːvəsli/ adv. 紧张不安地 p.19
(pl. manners) 礼仪 p.54 nicely /ˈnaɪsli/
manpower /ˈmænpaʊə(r)/ adv. 漂亮地；令人愉快地 p.56
n. 劳动力；人力 p.48 no way 不可能；没门 p.16
married /ˈmærid/ adj. 已婚的； 婚姻的 p.56 nobody /ˈnəʊbədi/ pron. 没有人；
marry /ˈmæri/ v. 结婚； 娶； 嫁 p.58 谁也不 p.66
130 Vocabulary A–Z
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用normal /ˈnɔːml/ adj. 正常的；普通的 p.28 palm /pɑːm/ n. 手掌 p.53
northeastern /ˌnɔːθˈiːstən/ panic /ˈpænɪk/ n. 惊恐；恐慌 p.16
adj. 东北的；东北方向的 p.39 pass away 去世（委婉说法） p.29
northern /ˈnɔːðən/ patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ n. 病人 adj. 有耐心的 p.14
adj. 北部的；向北的 p.36 peanut /ˈpiːnʌt/ n. 花生 p.19
nosebleed /ˈnəʊzbliːd/ n. 鼻出血 p.13 physics /ˈfɪzɪks/ n. 物理；物理学 p.28
not only … but also … pill /pɪl/ n. 药丸；药片 p.18
不但 …… 而且…… p.29 player /ˈpleɪə(r)/ n. 运动员；选手 p.26
nursing home 养老院 p.74 plenty /ˈplenti/ pron. 充足；丰富；大量 p.25
plenty of 充足；大量 p.25
O pocket /ˈpɒkɪt/ n. 口袋 p.78
object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ n. 物品；宾语 p.6 pocket money 零花钱 p.78
occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/ n. 场合；重大活动 p.56 poem /ˈpəʊɪm/ n. 诗 p.4
old-fashioned /ˌəʊldˈfæʃnd/ pool /puːl/ n. 池塘；水坑 p.35
adj. 过时的；守旧的 p.7 postcard /ˈpəʊstkɑːd/ n. 明信片 p.6
on fire 着火；起火 p.16 power /ˈpaʊə(r)/ n. 电力供应；能量；
on purpose 故意；有意地 p.25 力量 p.45
on the go 在忙碌中 p.78 practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ adj. 实用的；
on top of the world 欢天喜地 p.26 实际的 p.77
once in a while 偶尔；间或 p.5 preparation /ˌprepəˈreɪʃn/
onto /ˈɒntu;ˈɒntə/ prep. 向；朝 p.16 n. 准备（工作）；预备 p.44
ordinary /ˈɔːdnri/ adj. 平凡的；普通的 p.77 present /ˈpreznt/ n. 礼物
organization /ˌɔːɡənaɪˈzeɪʃn/ /prɪˈzent/ v.展现；陈述 p.23
(= organisation) n. 组织；团体； press /pres/ v. 压；按 p.13
机构 p.72 pressure /ˈpreʃə(r)/ n. 压力 p.24
ourselves /ˌaʊəˈselvz; ɑːˈselvz/ primary /ˈpraɪməri/ adj. 小学教育的；
pron. 我们自己 p.11 首要的 p.75
out of breath 上气不接下气 p.49 private /ˈpraɪvət/
outing /ˈaʊtɪŋ/ n. 出外游玩；远足 p.5 adj. 不喜欢谈论私事的；私人的 p.56
owner /ˈəʊnə(r)/ n. 主人；物主 p.73 program /ˈprəʊɡræm/ v. 编写程序
n. 程序；(= programme)节目；项目 p.2
P programmer /ˈprəʊɡræmə(r)/
pain /peɪn/ n. 疼痛；痛苦 p.15 n. 程序设计员 p.6
painful /ˈpeɪnfl/ adj. 令人痛苦的; proper /ˈprɒpə(r)/ adj. 恰当的；正确的 p.54
（身体部位）疼痛的 p.66 proud /praʊd/ adj. 骄傲的；自豪的 p.26
Vocabulary A–Z 131
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用proud of 为……感到骄傲 p.26 repeat /rɪˈpiːt/ v. 重复 p.26
prove /pruːv/ v. (proved, proved或 report /rɪˈpɔːt/ n. & v. 报道；汇报 p.43
proved, proven /ˈpruːvn/) 证明； rescue /ˈreskjuː/ n. & v. 救援；营救 p.48
证实；显示是 p.66 return /rɪˈtɜːn/ n. & v. 回来；归还 p.4
provide /prəˈvaɪd/ v. 提供；给予 p.72 review /rɪˈvjuː/ v. 复习；回顾；复查
pull together 齐心协力；通力合作 p.26 n. 回顾；审查 p.49
punish /ˈpʌnɪʃ/ v. 惩罚；处罚 p.63 ring /rɪŋ/ v. (rang /ræŋ/, rung /rʌŋ/)
purpose /ˈpɜːpəs/ n.目的；意图 p.25 响起铃声；给……打电话 p.26
push /pʊʃ/ v. 鞭策；推 n. 推 p.5 risk /rɪsk/ v. 使……冒风险（或面临
put oneself in sb’s shoes 设身处地； 危险） n. 危险；风险 p.37
处于某人的境地 p.25 risky /ˈrɪski/ adj. 有危险（或风险）的 p.38
roll /rəʊl/ v. （ 使）翻滚；滚动 p.16
Q roof /ruːf/ n. 屋顶；顶部 p.43
quick /kwɪk/ adj. 快的；迅速的 rub /rʌb/ v. 摩擦；揉 p.52
adv. 迅速地；快速地 p.16 rude /ruːd/ adj. 粗鲁的 p.53
runny /ˈrʌni/ adj. 流鼻涕的；流眼泪的 p.13
R
rainstorm /ˈreɪnstɔːm/ n. 暴风雨 p.49 S
rather /ˈrɑːðə(r)/ adv. 相当；更准确地说 p.7 sadly /ˈsædli/ adv. 伤心地；令人遗憾 p.17
reader /ˈriːdə(r)/ n. 读者；简易读物 p.68 safeguard /ˈseɪfɡɑːd/ v. 保护；捍卫 p.48
receive /rɪˈsiːv/ v. 收到 p.59 safety /ˈseɪfti/ n. 安全；安全处所 p.15
recently /ˈriːsntli/ adv. 最近；不久前 p.64 sand /sænd/ n. 沙子 p.39
recommend /ˌrekəˈmend/ scared /skeəd/ adj. 害怕的；
v. 推荐；建议 p.65 对……感到惊慌的 p.3
recommendation /ˌrekəmenˈdeɪʃn/ scared of 害怕；恐惧 p.3
n. 推荐；提议 p.69 schoolgirl /ˈskuːlɡɜːl/ n（. 学校的）女生 p.46
reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少 p.6 score /skɔː(r)/ n. 得分；比分 v.得分 p.26
reef /riːf/ n. 礁；礁脉 p.39 scream /skriːm/ v. 尖叫 p.46
referee /ˌrefəˈriː/ n. 裁判 p.26 sea level 海平面 p.32
refuse /reˈfjuːz/ v. 拒绝；退却 p.46 secondly /ˈsekəndli/ adv. 第二；其次 p.58
relative /ˈrelətɪv/ n. 亲戚；亲属 p.44 secretly /ˈsiːkrətli/ adv. 秘密地 p.66
relaxed /rɪˈlækst/ adj. 放松的；镇定的 p.28 security /sɪˈkjʊərəti/ n. 安全；保安；
remain /rɪˈmeɪn/ 保障 p.46
v. 继续存在；保持不变 p.29 security guard 保安人员 p.46
132 Vocabulary A–Z
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用selfish /ˈselfɪʃ/ adj. 自私的 p.66 sore /sɔː(r)/ adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的 p.12
serving /ˈsɜːvɪŋ/ adj. 分菜用的 soundly /ˈsaʊndli/ adv（. 睡觉）酣畅地；
n. 一份食物 p.54 可靠地；完全彻底地 p.45
serving chopsticks 公筷 p.54 southern /ˈsʌðən/ adj. 南部的；向南的 p.38
shake /ʃeɪk/ v. (shook /ʃʊk/, shaken southwestern /ˌsaʊθˈwestən/
/ˈʃeɪkən/)与（某人）握手；摇动 adj. 西南的；西南方向的 p.48
n.摇动；奶昔 p.52 spoiled /spɔɪld/ adj. (= spoilt /spɔɪlt/)
shelter /ˈʃeltə(r)/ n. 庇护所；居所 p.73 宠坏的；娇惯坏的 p.66
shock /ʃɒk/ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事 square kilometre 平方千米 p.32
v. 使震惊；使惊愕 p.18 stadium /ˈsteɪdiəm/ n. 体育馆；运动场 p.72
shocked /ʃɒkt/ adj. 震惊的 p.22 stage /steɪdʒ/ n. 舞台；阶段 p.8
shoulder /ˈʃəʊldə(r)/ n. 肩膀；肩部 p.36 stamp /stæmp/ n. 邮票 p.6
shout at 冲……喊叫 p.28 standard /ˈstændəd/ n. 标准； 水平
shut /ʃʌt/ v. (shut, shut)关闭； 合上 p.25 adj. 标准的 p.24
shut … away 把……关（藏）起来； state /steɪt/ n. 状态；国家；州
隔离 p.25 v. 陈述；说明 p.66
sign up 报名 p.76 steal /stiːl/ v. (stole /stəʊl/, stolen
sign-off /ˈsaɪnɒf/ n（. 信件或广播的） /ˈstəʊlən/) 偷；窃取 p.63
结束语；收尾 p.59 stomach /ˈstʌmək/ n. 胃；腹部 p.13
simply /ˈsɪmpli/ adv. 仅仅；只；简单地 p.37 stomachache /ˈstʌməkeɪk/
since /sɪns/ prep., adv. & conj. (= stomach ache) n. 胃痛；肚子疼 p.12
自……以后；从……以来 stop … from doing 防止……；阻止…… p.14
conj. 既然；由于 p.66 stop short 突然停住 p.16
single /ˈsɪŋɡl/ adj. 单个的；单身的 p.4 stove /stəʊv/ n. 厨房灶具；炉子 p.16
sit up 坐直 p.54 stress /stres/ n. 精神压力；紧张 p.6
ski /skiː/ v. 滑雪 p.2 strict /strɪkt/ adj. 严厉的；严格的 p.8
slow down（ 使）慢下来；（使）减速 p.43 stroke /strəʊk/ n. 笔画；击球 p.4
smoke /sməʊk/ n. 烟 v. 吸烟； 冒烟 p.17 structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构（体）；
snowstorm /ˈsnəʊstɔːm/ n. 雪暴； 构造；体系 p.39
暴风雪 p.42 submersible /səbˈmɜːsəbl/ n. 潜水艇 p.33
so far 到目前为止 p.8 success /səkˈses/ n. 成功 p.78
so that 为了；因此 p.23 successful /səkˈsesfl/ adj. 成功的；
society /səˈsaɪəti/ n. 社会；社团 p.65 有成就的 p.77
soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/ n. 军人；士兵 p.75 successfully /səkˈsesfəli/
solution /səˈluːʃn/ n. 解决办法；解决 p.27 adv. 成功地；顺利地 p.37
Vocabulary A–Z 133
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用sudden /ˈsʌdn/ adj. 突然的；骤然的 p.49 themselves /ðəmˈselvz/
suffer /ˈsʌfə(r)/ v. 受苦；遭受 p.12 pron. 他（或她、它）们自己 p.16
suffer from 受苦；受折磨 p.12 therefore /ˈðeəfɔː(r)/ adv. 因此；所以 p.66
suggestion /səˈdʒestʃən/ n. 建议；提议 p.8 thick /θɪk/ adj. 厚的；浓密的 p.45
summary /ˈsʌməri/ n. 总结；概要 p.66 thinking /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/ n. 思考；想法 p.47
supply /səˈplaɪ/ n. 供应（量） ； thirdly /ˈθɜːdli/ adv. 第三 p.58
(pl. supplies) 补给（品） though /ðəʊ/ conj. 虽然；尽管 p.27
v. 供应；供给 p.44 throat /θrəʊt/ n. 喉咙 p.12
surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ n. 表面；表层 p.32 throw /θrəʊ/ v. (threw /θruː/, thrown
surprising /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ /θrəʊn/)猛动（身体部位）；扔；抛
adj. 出人意料的；令人吃惊的 p.55 n. 扔； 投（球） p.16
surprisingly /səˈpraɪzɪŋli/ thunder /ˈθʌndə(r)/ n. 雷；雷声
adv. 出人意料地；惊人地 p.8 v. 打雷；发出雷鸣般响声 p.49
survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 生存；存活； tight /taɪt/ adj. 憋气的；紧的；牢固的 p.19
艰难度过 p.36 tonight /təˈnaɪt/ adv. 在今晚
n. 今夜；今晚 p.17
T toothache /ˈtuːθeɪk/ n. 牙痛 p.12
table manners 餐桌礼仪 p.54 tornado /tɔːˈneɪdəʊ/ n. 龙卷风；旋风 p.45
take a deep breath 深呼吸 p.28 tradition /trəˈdɪʃn/ n. 传统 p.58
take a seat 坐下 p.14 traveller /ˈtrævələ(r)/ (= traveler)
take back 撤回；收回 p.26 n. 旅行者；游客 p.38
take sb’s temperature 给某人量体温 p.14 trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ n. 苦恼；困难
talent /ˈtælənt/ n. 才能；天赋；天才 p.79 v. 使忧虑、苦恼；劳驾；麻烦 p.43
teammate /ˈtiːmmeɪt/ truck /trʌk/ n. 卡车 p.44
n. 同队队员；队友 p.36 tsunami /tsuːˈnɑːmi/ n. 海啸 p.43
teamwork /ˈtiːmwɜːk/ n. 团队合作 p.77 turn on 接通（电流、煤气、水等）；
teenage /ˈtiːneɪdʒ/ adj. 青少年的 p.6 打开 p.16
temper /ˈtempə(r)/ n. 脾气；怒气 p.41 turtle /ˈtɜːtl/ n. 海龟；龟 p.39
terribly /ˈterəbli/ adv. 非常糟地；非常 p.49 type /taɪp/ n. 类型；种类 p.38
test /test/ n. & v. 检查；测验 p.14 typhoon /taɪˈfuːn/ n. 台风 p.42
thankful /ˈθæŋkfl/ adj. 感谢的；感激的 p.28
thankfully /ˈθæŋkfəli/ U
adv. 幸亏；感激地 p.47 uncommon /ʌnˈkɒmən/ adj. 罕见的；
the elderly 老人；上了年纪的人 p.72 不寻常的 p.53
134 Vocabulary A–Z
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用underwater /ˌʌndəˈwɔːtə(r)/ W
adj. 水下的；用于水下的 wake up 醒来 p.28
adv. 在水下 p.39 warmly /ˈwɔːmli/ adv. 热情地；温暖地 p.75
unfortunately /ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/ warn /wɔːn/ v. 警告；提醒注意 p.42
adv. 不幸地；可惜地 p.46 waterfall /ˈwɔːtəfɔːl/ n. 瀑布 p.34
unless /ənˈles/ conj. 除非； 如果不 p.54 wave /weɪv/ n. 波浪；波；挥手
unlock /ʌnˈlɒk/ v. 开……的锁； v. 挥手；挥舞 p.43
发现；揭开 p.66 weak /wiːk/ adj. 虚弱的；（能力）弱的 p.66
unlucky /ʌnˈlʌki/ adj. 不幸的； what’s more 更为重要的是 p.15
不顺利的；不吉利的 p.49 whether /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 是否 p.56
unsafe /ʌnˈseɪf/ adj. 不安全的；危险的 p.58 wildfire /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/ n. 野火 p.42
unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 特别的； willing /ˈwɪlɪŋ/ adj. 乐意的；愿意的 p.77
不寻常的 p.33 wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/ n. 奇观；惊叹
up to 正在做；由某人决定 p.4 v. 琢磨；想知道；感到诧异 p.31
upset /ʌpˈset/ adj. 难过的；沮丧的 p.22 worst /wɜːst/ adj. & adv（. bad和badly
usual /ˈjuːʒuəl/ adj. 通常的；寻常的 p.49 的最高级）最坏（的）；最糟（的） p.46
worth /wɜːθ/ adj. 值得；有价值 p.77
V
value /ˈvæljuː/ n. 重要作用；价值 p.77 X
virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒 p.14 X-ray /ˈeksreɪ/ n. X射线检查；X射线 p.13
visitor /ˈvɪzɪtə(r)/ n. 参观者；来访者 p.72
voluntary /ˈvɒləntri/ adj. 自愿的； Y
无偿的 p.77 yoga /ˈjəʊɡə/ n. 瑜伽 p.6
volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ n. 志愿者； youth /juːθ/ n. 青年；青年时期 p.74
自告奋勇者 v. 自愿做；义务做 p.48
Vocabulary A–Z 135
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Vocabulary from Primary School
Unit 1 Unit 5
moon /muːn/ n. 月亮 p.4 chore /tʃɔː(r)/ n. 日常事务；琐事 p.42
police /pəˈliːs/ n. 警察部门；警方 p.48
Unit 2
hurt /hɜːt/ v（. hurt, hurt）（ 使）疼痛 Unit 6
adj. 受伤的 p.14 plane /pleɪn/ n. 飞机 p.55
shirt /ʃɜːt/ n. 衬衫 p.16 shorts /ʃɔːts/ n. (pl.)短裤 p.56
driver /ˈdraɪvə(r)/ n. 司机 p.18 skirt /skɜːt/ n. 短裙 p.58
Unit 3 Unit 7
letter /ˈletə(r)/ n. 信 ；字母 p.24 ill /ɪl/ adj. 生病的 p.66
wake /weɪk/ v. (woke /wəʊk/, foot /fʊt/ n. (pl. feet /fiːt/)脚 p.66
woken /ˈwəʊkən/) 睡醒 p.28
Unit 8
Unit 4 toy /tɔɪ/ n. 玩具 p.75
its /ɪts/ pron. 它的；他的；她的 p.32 kid /kɪd/ n. 小孩；儿童
photograph /ˈfəʊtəɡrɑːf/ v. 拍照；照相 v. 开玩笑；戏弄 p.78
n. 照片；相片 p.39
136 Vocabulary from Primary School
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用Irregular Verbs
（注：本词表不含情态动词。）
Verb Past tense Past participle
awake awoke awoken
be (am, is, are) was, were been
bear bore born / borne
beat beat beaten
become became become
begin began begun
bleed bled bled
blow blew blown
break broke broken
bring brought brought
build built built
burn burnt / burned burnt / burned
buy bought bought
catch caught caught
choose chose chosen
come came come
cost cost cost
cut cut cut
deal dealt dealt
dig dug dug
do did done
draw drew drawn
dream dreamt / dreamed dreamt / dreamed
Irregular Verbs 137
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用续表
Verb Past tense Past participle
drink drank drunk
drive drove driven
eat ate eaten
fall fell fallen
feed fed fed
feel felt felt
fight fought fought
find found found
fly flew flown
forget forgot forgotten
freeze froze frozen
get got got / gotten
give gave given
go went gone
grow grew grown
hang (悬挂) hung hung
have had had
hear heard heard
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
keep kept kept
know knew known
138 Irregular Verbs
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用续表
Verb Past tense Past participle
lay laid laid
lead led led
learn learnt / learned learnt / learned
leave left left
lend lent lent
let let let
lie (躺) lay lain
light lit / lighted lit / lighted
lose lost lost
make made made
mean meant meant
meet met met
mistake mistook mistaken
pay paid paid
put put put
read /riːd/ read /red/ read /red/
ride rode ridden
ring rang rung
rise rose risen
run ran run
say said said
see saw seen
sell sold sold
send sent sent
Irregular Verbs 139
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用续表
Verb Past tense Past participle
set set set
shake shook shaken
shine shone shone
shoot shot shot
show showed shown
shut shut shut
sing sang sung
sit sat sat
sleep slept slept
smell smelt / smelled smelt / smelled
speak spoke spoken
speed sped / speeded sped / speeded
spell spelt / spelled spelt / spelled
spend spent spent
spread spread spread
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sweep swept swept
swim swam swum
take took taken
teach taught taught
tell told told
think thought thought
140 Irregular Verbs
仅供个人学习使用，未经授权不得另做他用续表
Verb Past tense Past participle
throw threw thrown
understand understood understood
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
win won won
write wrote written
Irregular Verbs 141
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