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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}目录
考前技能篇
【知识梳理 8】2022 年高考熟词生义 25
【考前技能篇 1】听力理解的解题技巧……P2 例……………………………………………….P172
【考前技能篇 2】阅读理解的解题技巧….P26 【知识梳理 9】2021 年高考熟词生义 29
【考前技能篇 3】完形填空的解题技巧….P59 例………………….……………………….P176
【考前技能篇 4】语法填空的解题技巧...P68 【知识梳理 10】2020 年高考熟词生义 20
【考前技能篇 5】七选五试题解题技巧….P88 例……………………….…………………….P180
【考前技能篇6】 短文改错的解题技巧.P112 【知识梳理 11】2018-2023 高考派生词合成
【考前技能篇7】 应用文写作解题技巧.P122 词 108 例…………….………………………P182
临考心理篇
【考前技能篇 8】读后续写的解题技巧.P135
知识梳理篇
【临考心理篇 1】冲刺阶段英语怎么复习备
【知识梳理 1】2014-2023 高考已考过的词 考............................... P192
形转换 79 例.............................................P147 【临考心理篇 2】高考倒计时即将清零，要有
【知识梳理 2】2024年高考可能考的名词词 怎样的心理准备…………………………..P195
考场注意篇
形转换 109 例…………………………………P150
【知识梳理 3】2024年高考可能考的形容词 【考场注意篇】做好万全准备，决胜考
词形转换 70 例………………………………P152 场.............................................P196
考后疏导篇
【知识梳理 4】2024年高考可能考的阅读高
频词 120 例………………………………….P154 【考后疏导篇 1】七种方法舒缓高考后心理压
【知识梳理 5】2024年高考可能考的熟词生 力............................................P200
义 100 词……………………………………P156 【考后疏导篇 2】高考结束适当娱乐可以放松
【知识梳理 6】2024 年高考熟词生义 18 不可放纵............................................P206
终极押题篇
例…………………………………………….P165
【知识梳理 7】2023 年高考熟词生义 33 【终极押题】2024 年普通高等学校招生全国
例……………………………………………..P168 统一考试英语试题（新课标卷）…P210
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}易错梳理篇
【考前技能篇 1】听力理解的解题技巧
高中英语听力测试部分在整套试题中占有重要地位。它要求大家从头到尾按顺序往下听，在有限的时
间内做出选择，没有“回头看”的余地。因此大家学习一些应试技巧和解题的基本方法是很有必要的。
一、听力应试策略
听前：略读题目，切入话题，划出重点，预测内容（确定人物身份）
听中：捕捉信息，速记要点，有的放矢，去伪存真（短文独白,首末为主旨句,注意5W,1H）【when，where，
what/which，who，why，how】
听后：连贯记忆，前后联系，综合考虑，一锤定音。
二、快速记录能力
心记：这种能力对于解决听力第1节的问题非常适用。笔记：
1)运用速记符号例如：↑up↓down ←left →right =equal
2)发明并运用字母的缩写形式Ex—expensive lg—large eq—earthquake
三、听力预测技巧
1.对话预测：在听取对话，尤其是Part1-5——Short Conversation时，考生可以按照下例wh-问题进行预
测：
Who are the two speakers?
What is the possible Relationships between them?
When did they have the conversation?
Where did the conversation take place?
Why do they have the conversation?
What did they plan to do?
2.语篇预测：了解讲话者已提供和未提供的信息
What facts did the speaker offer?
What facts did the speaker fail to offer
依靠开篇句预测：英语听力的第一句话通常会透露整篇的主题，所以大家要善于抓住听力材料的首句
信息。例如：Americans have a popular saying“Time is money。”
从这一句开篇句我们可以预测的信息范围：
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}1)这是一篇关于时间的话题。
2)涉及对象是美国人。
四、听力高分应试策略
[题材特点] 听力材料一般来源于实际生活，涉及到现实生活的方方面面，如日常生活、文化教育、传
说、时事、人物、科普等。对话一般围绕一个日常生活的话题展开。如：购物、买票、道别、感谢、打电
话、约会、偏爱、祝愿和祝贺、提供帮助、请求、问路、看病、求救等。
[考查热点]
1.语境判断：对话者身份、所处地点、情绪、天气状况等。
2.数字推算：电话号码、出生日期、金钱数字、路程距离、时间长短等。
3.行为预测：对话者谈话的主题，以及将要去干什么。
4,细节推断：事情发生的时间、地点、原因、经过、结果等。
5.对话涉及话题：计划打算、工作学习、购物、旅游、看病、生日、体育、求助等
1.领略主旨大意，概括话题内容
这类试题在高中听力试题中约占 2 小题，它要求我们对听到的内容有一个整体的把握和全面的领会，
抓住说话者究竟在说什么。任何一段对话或独白都是围绕一个中心展开的，有时主旨大意较明显，有时则
需要归纳、概括。常见的提问方式有：
What‟s the passage mainly about?
What‟s the topic of the passage?
What are the two speakers doing?
What are the two speakers talking about?
What is the dialogue/conversation about?
2.捕捉主要细节，确认具体事实
这类试题在高中听力试题中约占 8 小题。它要求我们听清、听懂与话题中心相关的具体信息，准确理
解具体细节，如时间、地点、人物、价钱、数量、目的、原因、结果等。同时，还要求我们对所听到的信
息进行简单的处理，比如数字运算、时间顺序、比较筛选、同义转换、因果关系等。理解具体信息有助于
把握话题内容，领会说话者意图，这是听力考查的重点内容。常见的提问方式有：
Where is the woman going?
How does the man pay for the tickets?
What‟s wrong with the girl?
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}When does the woman plan to arrive?
What‟s the man‟s house number?
How many hours does Tom sleep a day?
Why does the man thank the woman?
Which of the following is true?
3.推测谈话背景，辨认角色关系
这类试题在高中听力试题中约占 5 小题，要求我们从谈话或说话的话题和语气来推断出对话双方（或
说话人）的职业身份，彼此之间（或与他人）的关系，对话发生的时间、地点或场合等。常见的提问方式
有：
Where does this conversation take place?
Where is the woman speaking?
Where did the conversation most likely happen?
When does the dialogue take place?
Who do you think the woman probably is?
What‟s the probable relationship between the speakers?
4.领会弦外之音，揣摩观点意图
这类试题在高中听力试题中约占5小题，它要求我们从话语中听出其中可能有的“弦外之音”，也就是
揣摩说话人的意图、观点或态度等，常见的提问方式有：
What can we learn from the conversation/speakers?
What can we know /learn about the woman?
What does the man mean?
What does the speakers want to tell us?
What is the probable result of the conversation?
五、常见高考听力考点归纳和总结
1.数字
许多听力材料中涉及数字，例如年代、日期、价格、数量等等，并且会以基数词、序数词、分数、小
数、百分比等形式出现，这就要求大家辨别各种形式的数字，还要熟悉数字之间的关系。例如：
减价：20%off，special offer，special price，25% discount，sale
原价：regular price，normal price
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}增长：10% increase in? 1/3 climb in?
下降：23% fall in?5.5% decrease in?
提示1：如对电话号码、门牌号、航班号、车牌号等，大家可采取听写记录所需数字。
提示2：对判断类数字题需要在听到的两个或两个以上数字中判断符合题意的数字。
提示3：对推断类数字题则通常涉及到简单的数学四则运算，需稍加计算，才能得出正确答案。
2.地点
地点型试题主要考查地点，该项内容的考查多为以 where 开头的特殊疑问句，如：Where does the
conversation most probably take place?(这段对话最可能发生在什么场合?)解这类试题时，我们需要有一些积
累和推断。
提示1：熟悉、积累常用地名，如国家、首都、大城市、著名的标志性建筑以及山川河流的名称等
提示2：熟悉、积累与各个地点场所有关的单词、短语、句型和场景。
3.推断
推断型试题不仅包括推断数字和地点，还常考查学生对人物身份、关系，人物态度、情感以及事件原
因的推断。一般来说，此类题通常出现在短对话中。
提示1：平时熟悉、积累不同人物身份及人物关系所对应的单词、短语、句型和场景，测试时根据对话
内容所提供的称呼语、关键词，结合生活常识进行判断。
提示 2：熟悉、积累不同语音语调所表达的不同意思，以及特定单词、短语和句型所表达的隐含信息，
进行准确判断。
提示3：认真听清事件发生的全部过程及前因后果，去粗取精，去伪存真，才能找出事件发生的真正原
因。
六、听力题型应试对策
1.场景型问题
解题技巧：分析选项目, 预测可能出现的词汇,短语,句子.
仔细辨认对话中的语境相关词,特别是场景词汇及习惯用语.
2.人物关系及身份题
解题技巧：仔细辨认对话中的职业相关词,抓住其相关的关键词进行答题。
在听人物之间关系的题目时，说话人之间的语气尤其重要，如果是上司跟下属之间的关系，语气一般
较强硬，有命令的意味；而如果是夫妻之间，则语气较为甜蜜，随意；朋友之间较亲切；服务员对顾客一
般较尊敬。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}关键词 人际关系
dear, darling, sweetheart, my love, cook, TV, dinner husband and wife
size, color, try on, discount, Can I help you? assistant and customer
trouble, check, pain, fever, prescription, dentist doctor and patient
professor, subject, homework, questions, major(专业), hand in, teacher and student
3.数字型问题
解题技巧：数字、时间类题可分为直接信息型和间接信息型两种。
对于直接信息型的题，答案在录音中直接给出, 大家可以很容易地选出;
而间接信息型的题是录音中出现至少两个数字/时间, 需要听清这些数字/时间, 并搞清楚它们之间的关
系, 有时需要用简单的加减乘除运算来确定答案。
要注意区分-teen和-ty及four和five的发音；辨别多位数，如电话号码，门牌等。
无论是哪种计算，其特点是计算都较简单，一般不会超出口算和心算的范围。在做题的过程当中,最好
做简要的笔记。这类题的特点是学生听到什么就选什么往往会错。
4. 推理判断题
解题技巧：该题型在高考听力试题中所占比例较大。判断原因有时很容易, 往往在录音中有 because,
because of, for, as, since, now that, due to, owing to, that‟s why ... 等暗示信息。而有时要通过上下文来进行逻辑
推理。做这类题时要把握好关键词、句, 审好题干, 做好听前预测, 边听边记录。
1．捕捉“弦外之音“，如降调表示赞同肯定；升调表示怀疑、惊讶或否定。
2．侧重but词后的信息，这些词后的信息往往比较重要。
3．注意一些语法结构的运用，如虚拟语气表示与事实相反；否定比较级结构表示最高级；
I wish I could be in 2 places at once.
It couldn‟t be better.
I couldn‟t agree more.
You can never/not be too careful
I have never seen a better film.
听力中要特别注意but 后的内容。因为but前的往往是婉转的客套话，而后面的才是真正的心里话，在
口语表达中更常见的还有以下几个连接标志：to be honest, to tell the truth, in fact, as a matter of fact,actually等
I‟d like…, but…
I was planning to…, but…
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}I‟m sorry to hear that, but…
That‟s great, but…
5.观点态度题
说话者的意图、观点或态度也和具体语言环境有关，只有结合具体语境进行归纳或推理，才能理解说
话者真正的意图、观点或态度。
解题技巧：注意对话中肯定与否定回答.
肯定回答: Yes/Absolutely/ I agree with you… ;
否定回答: I‟m sorry, I‟m busy now，I‟m afraid I can‟t……
常见语气词:well—委婉否定
6.主旨大意题
这类题不仅要求大家能够听懂对话或独白, 而且要求具有较高的概括能力。
七、听力场景词汇总结
高考考试的对话内容场景基本上都是考生所熟悉的，有校园、生活、工作、各种社交场所。了解一些场
景下的常用语和常见表达对解题是很有帮助的。对这些常用词汇和短语不仅要知道其本身的意思，还要知
道它们的同义表达方式。这是因为现在听力试题一般不会在选项中出现对话中的原词和词组。以下场景是
对话当中所占比例最大的，掌握了这些场景下的常用短语和表达方式，也就从词汇和短语方面抓住了解题
的关键。
1.餐馆场景
order点菜；serve上菜；change零钱；Keep the change!不用找零钱了！tip小费；treat请客(This is my treat!
我请客!)；go Dutch AA制 (Let‟s go fifty fifty. ) ；steak牛排；cheese奶酪；sandwich三明治；bacon腌肉；
soup汤；plain water自来水(西餐中洗手用的)；dessert甜品，水果(作为正餐的最后一道)；go out for dinner /
dinner out出去吃饭；snack bar小吃街，大排挡；hamburger汉堡包；coke可口可乐；French fries炸薯条；
dining hall食堂；coffee shop咖啡店；restaurant餐馆；cafeteria自助餐厅或食堂；canteen食堂.
2. 邮局场景
stamp envelope package /parcel包裹；overweight超重；extra postage额外邮资；send / post / deliver a letter
/mail寄/发信；express mail快件；airmail航空信件；surface mail陆地邮寄；open an account开一个账户。
3.图书馆场景
library card；borrow；lend；keep；renew续借；bookshelf；novel；science fiction科幻小说；magazine；
periodical期刊；reference book；librarian图书管理员；pay a fine交罚款；Can I help you? / What can I do for you?
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}4.医院及健康场景
aspirin 阿司匹林；regular doctor私人医生；emergence department急诊室；ICU (= intensive care unit)特
护病房；treatment治疗手段；take one‟s temperature / blood pressure测量体温/血压；medicine/pills /tablets药
丸/药片；heart attack心脏病；cold / flu流感；have/ catch a cold；pain；headache；stomach-ache；backache；
sore-throat喉咙痛；cough; fever；What‟s up?(多用于男生之间)How is it going? How are you?回答：I‟m fine. / I
feel good/ terrific. / I couldn‟t be better. / Nothing is very wrong with me.好。I am not feeling good. / I feel
terrible/horrible/awful. /I am not myself these days.不好。(注意听语气：身体好的时候，语调上扬，语气非常
欢快；身体不好的时候，降调，语气非常郁闷。)
5.电话场景
operator接线员；Extension six two two six, please.请转 6226。The line is bad / busy / engaged. It kept a busy
line.电话占线。long distance call长途电话；collect call对方付费的电话；put through接通电话；hold on / up；
Hold the line, please. Hello! This is... speaking. Who‟s speaking? / who is this? call / telephone / ring / phone sb.；
give sb. a call / ring；I‟ll call back later / again. I‟ll ring him / her up again. I couldn‟t get through. Sorry, I‟m afraid
you have the wrong number.
6. 酒店场景
make a reservation预订房间；reception desk接待处；check in人住；check out结账；single room单间；
suite 套间；Do you have a reservation, Sir? Have you got any vacant room? (=Is there any room available here?)
有空房间吗？All the room are occupied.房间已满。Can I have a suite please? How much do you charge for that?
Smoking or no smoking? Meals included.包括饮食。Can I show you your room? / Can I carry your luggage?
7.超速场景
speeding；May I see your license, please? You will be fined by $20.
8. 购物场景
store杂货店；department store百货商场；shopping center购物中心；
商品信息：size；color；style；price；What color/size/kind do you want?商品论贵贱：expensive, cheap；
价格论高低：high, low；bargain便宜货；popular /fashionable流行的；in fashion流行，时尚；out of fashion
过时的；brand品牌；counter柜台；pay in cash用现金支付；pay in check用支票支付；credit card 信用卡；
shop assistant 商店营业员；out of stock脱销/缺货；in stock有货。
9. 天气场景
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}cloudy阴天；overcast多云；thunder打雷；strong/high wind大风；tornado龙卷风；typhoon台风；storm
风暴；blizzard暴风雨；It rains cats and dogs. (=The rain is pouring.) 下着倾盆大雨。downpour倾盆大雨；shower
阵雨；clear up天空放晴；put away clothes下雨收衣服；weather in London / Seattle意指不好的天气；weather
in California意指好天气；经常和天气相联系的情况：vacation和flight (航班)(be delayed/cancelled by the bad
weather)
10. 机场场景
airport机场；flight航班；Welcome onboard.欢迎登机。bound for...飞往……方向去的；check in办理登
机手续；behind schedule晚点；take off起飞；land降落。
11.人物关系
试题中常涉及到的人物关系对话中常涉及的人物关系包括：夫妻(husband-wife)、父子(father- son)、母
女(mother -daughter)、师生(teacher-student)、同学(schoolmates/classmates)、同事(colleagues)、老板与秘书(boss
- secretary)、雇主与雇员(employer-employee)、医生与病人 (doctor-patient) 、服务员与顾客 (waiter/waitress -
customer) 、主人与客人 (host/hostess - guest)、警察与司机(policeman- driver)、管理员与借阅者(1ibrarian-
reader) 、房东与租 房者 (1andlord/1andlady-tenant) 、 接见者；采 访者与被 接见者， 被访问者
(interviewer-interviewee) 等。
八、2023年全国新高考 I&II 卷听力解析
1. 话题概述：
2023年高考英语新高考I、II卷中听力部分选材多样化，话题贴近日常生活，包括周末计划、结账、与
朋友相约见面、上大学的感受等。选材围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题语境。本次听力考试
突出显示英语的人际交往功能（包括陌生人之间、朋友之间、店主和顾客之间以及采访者和被采访者之间），
实用性强，能够培养学生在人际交往中熟练地使用英语沟通的能力。
2. 亮点呈现：
Text 2向陌生人求助帮忙看包，显示了陌生人之间的信任关系；
Text 8意外获得姐姐（妹妹）的一本旧书，对话安排巧妙且有曲折，显现了浓厚的亲情关系；
Text 9采访一名学生的上学感受，贴近学生生活、关注学生情感；
Text 10推销一本生活杂志，提醒人们享受美好生活。
3. 设题规律：
本套题有10个事实细节题；8个推理判断题；1个主旨大意题；1个观点态度题。
疑问词分布相对均衡：12个what，1个when，3个why，2个where，1个how，1个who。
9
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}设题方面：题干设置灵活度高，且有难度。选项设置简短，干扰性强，更加注重考查学生对信息的推
理、转换以及快速反应能力。
4. 播音特点
主播：英美组合，同2023年1月浙江卷/山东卷和2022年11月二级卷。
语速：约130词/分。原文单词量：860左右。
注意变化：第二节的结构是2-2-4-4-3，此前高考真题中从未出现过。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡
上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分1.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每
段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will Jack probably do this weekend?
A. Go camping. B. Visit a friend. C. Watch a film.
Text 1 【周末计划】词数:33
W: Jack, are you going camping with your friends this weekend?
M: It depends. If it‟s sunny, we‟ll go.
W: The weatherman says it‟s going to rain.
M: In that case, we‟ll go to the cinema instead.
1. C。【解析】事实细节题。Jack说如果这周末天气晴朗，他和朋友就去露营。女士说天气预报说要下雨。
根据Jack的话“In that case, we‟ll go to the cinema instead.”可知，Jack这周末可能要去看电影。故选C。
背景知识
✱It depends. 视情况而定
2. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Take care of her bags. B. Pack the food for her. C. Check the train schedule.
Text 2 【求助】 词数:36
W: Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment? I want to buy some food at the convenience store.
M: No problem. But be quick. It was announced that my train will arrive in 10 minutes.
2. A。【解析】事实细节题。考查同义转换。根据女士的话“Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment?”
10
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}可知，女士请求男士帮她看一下行李。故选A。原文中的mind转换成了take care of。
背景知识
✱mind 照看；留心（某人/某事物）
✱convenience store 便利店
3. When will the man see Bob?
A. This Friday. B. This Saturday. C. Next Monday.
Text 3 【计划与安排】 词数:37
W: Mark came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance to visit him?
M: I plan to see him this Saturday.
W: Aren‟t you going to the conference then?
M: No. It has been rescheduled for next Monday.
3. B。【解析】事实细节题。女士说Bob出院了，问男士去看望Bob了没。男士说他打算这周六去。女士问
男士这周六不是要开会吗，男士说会议已经改到下周一。由此可知，男士这周六将去看望Bob。故选B。
背景知识
✱reschedule 重新安排
4. Why does the man apologize?
A. For the terrible food. B. For the overcharge. C. For the waiter‟s rudeness.
Text 4 【因算错账退顾客钱】词数:37
M: Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you.
W: Oh, I didn‟t notice that. It‟s OK. Don‟t blame the waiter. He‟s been really nice.
4. B。【解析】推理判断题。根据男士的话“Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here
is the ten dollars we have to return to you.”可知，服务员在结账时犯了一个严重的错误，所以男士把10美
元还给女士。由此可以推断出，服务员多收了女士10美元，所以向她道歉。故选B。
背景知识
✱make a mistake (in) doing sth. 在做某事时犯错误
✱add up the bill 算账
5. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Writing a book. B. Holding a celebration. C. Buying a present.
Text 5 【新年礼物】词数:31
11
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}W: Do you think we should get Steve a book for the New Year?
M: Books are good. But Steve wouldn‟t take just any book. He has had this particular one on geography.
5. C。【解析】主旨大意题。对话开头女士问男士是否应该给Steve买本书作为新年礼物。男士说书很好，
但Steve不会接受随便的书。结合整个对话可知，说话者主要围绕给Steve买新年礼物这个话题展开对话的。
故选C。
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳
选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作
答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Why does Sara make the phone call?
A. To ask for advice. B. To arrange an outing. C. To cancel an appointment.
7. What does David want to do?
A. Go to a dinner party. B. Talk to Sara in person. C. Work on the new case.
Text 6 【相约见面】词数:88
M: Hello, Sarah.
W: Hello, David. I can‟t come for dinner tonight. (6) Sorry.
M: Oh, what happened?
W: We‟ve got a new case and things get pretty crazy here in the office.
M: Well, then I‟ll come to you.
W: No, no, not tonight. Let me see if I can arrange another night.
M: Sarah, please. We need to talk. (7) It‟s about my job.
W: Then tell me on the phone. (7)
M: No, it‟s better if we do it in person. (7) How about tomorrow night?
W: I‟m not sure. You can give me a call tomorrow afternoon.
M: OK.
6. C。【解析】推理判断题。根据Sara的话“Hello, David. I can’t come for dinner tonight. Sorry.”可知，
她打电话告诉 David 今晚不能和他共进晚餐了。接着她说明了自己无法赴约的原因。由此可推断出，Sara
打电话来是为了取消约会。故选C。
12
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}7. B。【解析】事实细节题。根据David的话“We need to talk. It’s about my job.”及Sara的话“Then tell
me on the phone.”可知，David想找Sara谈谈他的工作，Sara建议在电话里说。结合David的话“No, it’
s better if we do it in person.”可知，他想找Sara当面谈。故选B。
背景知识
✱in person 亲自
✱give sb. a call 给某人打电话
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Where is Jim now?
A. In a taxi. B. On a bus. C. In his office.
9. What is the woman‟s suggestion?
A. Going to the city center. B. Taking a short cut home. C. Meeting Jim in the park.
Text 7 【有客人拜访，着急赶回家】词数:99
W: Jeff will call on us this afternoon. Do you know where he is now?
M: Er... wait. Let me see. He has sent two messages saying that he‟s done with his work at the office and got a
taxi and... and he‟ll arrive in twenty minutes. (8)
W: We can‟t keep him waiting outside our home. We have to hurry.
M: But it takes at least half an hour to get to the city center by bus. Look at the traffic.
W: Let‟s get off. (9) We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.(9)
M: Are you sure?
W: Yes. A hundred percent.
8. A。【解析】推理判断题。根据男士的话“He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at
the office and got a taxi and... and he’ll arrive in twenty minutes.”可知，Jim发来两条信息告诉男士说他
已完成了工作、打上了出租车，还说他大约20分钟后到。由此可推断出，Jim现在在出租车上。故选A。
9. B。 【解析】推理判断题。根据女士的话“Let’s get off. We can save at least twenty minutes by walking
through the park.”可知，她建议下车步行穿过公园回家，这样可以节省至少20分钟。由此可推断出，女
士建议抄近路回家。故选B。
背景知识
✱call on 拜访；看望
✱be done with sth. 完成某事
13
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}✱a hundred percent 完全；百分之百
听第8段材料, 回答第10至13题。
10. What did Clara do at the weekend?
A. She planted vegetables. B. She went to a yard sale. C. She visited her grandpa.
11. What did Mark find inside one of the books he bought?
A. A plane ticket. B. A family photo. C. A post card.
12. Where does Mark live?
A. Los Angeles. B. Chicago. C. Philadelphia.
13. What is the relationship between Mark and Ashley?
A. Brother and sister. B. Husband and wife. C. Father and daughter.
Text 8 【意外获得姐姐的一本旧书】词数:176
W: Morning, Mark.
M: Morning, Clara. How was your weekend?
W: Great. I went to my grandpa‟s.(10) He invited us to pick vegetables on his farm. My daughter had a great time
there. What about you?
M: Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I dropped by a yard sale on Saturday and got several books.
W: Novels?
M: A novel and two poetry collections. As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air
ticket from 2012.(11) The flight was from Los Angeles to Chicago and the name on the ticket was Ashley Louis.
W: Was it?
M: Yes. Ashley, my sister.(13) In 2012, she lived in Los Angeles and her husband worked in Chicago. Both of
them often flew between two cities. I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a
second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago.(12) Last year, he and his family moved from Los
Angeles to Philadelphia.
W: So, all the way across the country, your sister‟s old book landed in your hands. That‟s really crazy.
10. C。【解析】事实细节题。根据Clara的话“I went to my grandpa’s.”可知，她去了祖父家。故选项C。
选项A很具有干扰性，注意录音中是pick vegetables（采摘蔬菜），而不是planted vegetables（种植蔬菜）。
11. A。【解析】事实细节题。根据Mark的话“As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was
an air ticket from 2012.”可知，当他快速翻阅那本小说时，一张纸从里面掉出来了，那是一张2012年的机
14
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}票。故选A。
12. C。【解析】推理判断题。根据Mark的话“I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought
at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago. Last year, he and his family moved from Los
Angeles to Philadelphia.”可知，他询问书商从哪里得到这本书的，书商说是从洛杉矶的二手书店买的。去
年他们一家从洛杉矶搬到了费城。由此可推断出，Mark是在费城买到的这本书，他居住在费城。故选C。
点拨：此题有一定的难度，因为录音中没有直接表明 Mark 的居住地，而是通过书商的所在地来推测出来
Mark的居住地的。此段出现了3个地名，学生在听录音时，需做好笔记，整体理解这段话，方可得出答案。
13. A。【解析】事实细节题。根据Mark的话“Ashley, my sister.”可知，他与Ashley是姐弟（兄妹）关系。
故选A。
背景知识
✱drop by 偶然访问（某人或某地）；顺便访问
✱yard sale 庭院拍卖
✱poetry collection 诗集
✱leaf through 迅速翻阅
✱second-hand 二手的
听第9段材料, 回答第14至17题。
14. What is probably the woman?
A. A teacher. B. A journalist. C. An athlete.
15. What does Victor find difficult as a member of the basketball team?
A. Adapting himself to the intense training.
B. Dealing with the pressure from the coach.
C. Regaining the skills learned in high school.
16. What does Victor say about the players on the team?
A. They are of the same age.
B. They are similar in character.
C. They are from different countries.
17. How does Victor feel about his team now?
A. It‟s about to break up. B. It‟s the best in Indiana. C. It‟s getting stronger.
Text 9 【在印第安纳州上大学的感受】词数:166单词
15
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}W: Victor, you‟ve been here in Indiana for six weeks now. How are you feeling?
M: I think I‟ve got used to college life, going to classes, working out and hanging out with my friends. Though
there‟s pressure to meet deadlines, life here is never boring.
W: What‟s been hard about being an Indiana basketball player? (15)
M: Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day.(15) It‟s not like high school. In
high school, I really didn‟t have to do that. I‟m just trying to get used to it. And I think I am.
W: At this point, how do you see yourself fitting into this group?
M: I think we‟re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia. I‟m from France.
And the rest are Americans.(16) But I get along with everybody. You know, we are really starting to bond.
It‟s great to see how we grow each day as a team. (17)
W: Thanks, Victor. I wish you a very happy and fruitful stay in Indiana.
14. B。【解析】推理判断题。考查职业身份。女士以 Victor 在印第安纳州上大学的感受为提问的开始，接
下来她又问了Victor作为篮球运动员的一些事项，最后她向Victor表达感谢和祝愿。由此可推断出，女士
可能是一名记者。故选B。
15. 【解析】事实细节题。女士问 Victor作为一名印第安纳州的篮球运动员有什么困难。根据 Victor的回
答“Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day... I’m just trying to get used to
it.”可知，每天高强度的训练让他难以适应。故选A。
16. C。【解析】事实细节题。根据Victor的话“I think we’re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and
Leo are from Australia. I’m from France. And the rest are Americans.”可知，篮球队的成员来自不同的国
家。故选C。
17. C。【解析】观点态度题。根据Victor的话“You know, we are really starting to bond. It’s great to see how
we grow each day as a team.”可知，他认为球员之间开始亲近、逐渐增强信任关系，他们的团队每天都在
成长。故选C。
背景知识
✱meet deadlines 在规定的时间内完成任务或达到目标
✱weightlifting 举重
✱fit into 适应
✱get along with 与„„和睦相处
✱bond 增强（与某人的）信任关系
16
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}✱fruitful 硕果累累的；成功的
听第10段材料, 回答第18至20题。
18. Who is Tom Hokinson?
A. Founder of a magazine. B. Publisher of a novel. C. Editor of a newspaper.
19. What do we know about the content of The Idler?
A. It‟s old-fashioned. B. It‟s wide-ranging. C. It‟s student-targeted.
20. Why does the speaker give the talk?
A. To do a promotion. B. To discuss an issue. C. To introduce a lecturer.
Text 10 【鼓励订阅杂志《闲人》】词数:160
W: Good evening, dear listeners. When was the last time you enjoyed leisure activities? Do you want to live a full
and happy life? Today, I‟m going to introduce you to a magazine that features the art of living. The Idler was
launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993.(18) With the intention of providing a bit of fun, freedom and
achievement in the busy world, it is now published bimonthly. In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of
interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography.(19) You will find
much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping. If
you ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs, then why not subscribe to it? The Idler is a cheering
read that makes you feel better about life. You can download the application and subscribe today to get your
first issue free. (20)
18. A。【解析】事实细节题。根据“The Idler was launched by Tom Hokinson, back in 1993.”可知，The Idler
是一本杂志，由Tom Hokinson发起。故Tom Hokinson是杂志的创始人。故选A。
19. B。【解析】推理判断题。根据“In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on
the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography. You will find much to laugh at and much
useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping.”可知，每一期杂志都包含了
有关生活、历史、哲学、艺术和时尚摄影等内容。你会发现很多有趣的东西，也会发现很多有用的东西，
从制作培根的食谱到家政指南。由此可推断出，这本杂志的内容取材广泛。故选B。
20. A。【解析】推理判断题。说话者先介绍了杂志The Idler的创始人、创办时间和内容，最后推荐大家下
载申请表、订阅杂志。故推断，说话者是为了推销这本杂志。故选A。
背景知识
✱The Ildler《闲人》
17
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}✱intention 目的
✱bimonthly 两月一次；一月两次
✱issue （杂志或报刊的）期
✱mix （事物或人的）混合；结合
✱read 读物；使人感兴趣的书
✱subscribe to 订阅
九、2023 年全国甲&乙卷英语听力解析
语篇 2020年 2021年 2022年 2023年
Text 1 购物体验 问路 搭便车下车
问路指引
Text 2 音乐练习 商场购物 通宵赶项目
天气和季节
Text 3 组织聚会 办公室对话 寻找安静谈话地点
周末计划
Text 4 度假计划 旅行的选择 糟心的邻居家的狗
询问某人的近况
Text 5 驱车机场 判断位置 饭店订桌
谈论学生会和社团活动
Text 6 抱歉电话 观看比赛 晚上聚餐安排
对比、挑选公寓
Text 7 离职计划 医生建议 公司搬迁计划
电台采访
Text 8 赛后采访 安慰朋友 艺术家采访
求职面试
Text 9 新租公寓 美国老人的恐惧 平衡打工与学习
作家分享自己读书历程
Text 10 英式足球 母女关系 一个运动员的经历自述
音乐比赛与艺术追求
听力概述与复习备考建议
语 音：美音
词 数： 861
语 速： 138词 / 分
考 点：事实细节13个，推理判断: 3个，主旨要义题 2个，观点和态度题 2个
材料特征：话题具有多样性，文学艺术方面话题涉及的专业词汇较多，人名地名比较复 杂且设了题，增加
了难度，话语流畅，贴近真实语境
备考建议：1. 积累同义词，能够在听力中运用同义转述解题
2. 关注熟词新义
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}3. 积累话题词汇
4. 能够进行简单的推理判断
5. 独白近几年常考体美劳方面内容，要多关注
6. 整体语速138w/m相比去年要快，尤其前五题141-163w/m，比去年101-138w/m要快很多。6-20题相差
不大。建议要适应不同语速的材料，前五题要加强练习。
7. 整体难度比去年要难，要重视听力，适应不同主播，不同口音。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分1.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每
段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In the book store. B. In the register office. C. In the dorm building.
Text 1 【问路指引】词数:32;用时:11.8”;语速:163词/分。
W: Could you please tell me how I can get to the student dorm building?
M: Sure. Turn left when you walk out of this register office, pass the bookstore and you'll see it.
1.答案是B。事实细节题。依据答语“Turn left when you walk out of this register office”推断对话是在登记
处进行的。故选B。
背景知识
register office: 登记处
2. What is the weather like now?
A. Sunny. B. Cloudy. C. Rainy.
Text2 【天气和季节】词数:37:用时:14”;语速:159词/分。
M: We couldn't ask for a better day, could we, Barbara?
W: I know, Steve. There isn‟t a cloud in the sky. I love this time of year.
M: Me too. The flowers are beautiful but calling for rain though.
2. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据答语“There isn‟t a cloud in the sky. I love this time of year”推断天空没有
云层，天气晴朗。故选A。
背景知识
call for: 需要
3. What does the man want to do on the weekend?
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}A. Do some gardening. B. Have a barbecue. C. Go fishing.
Text 3 【周末计划】词数:27;用时:10.9”;语速:149词/分。
M: We got any plans this weekend?
W: We might start with our vegetable garden then the barbecue.
M: Sounds fun, but I still want to go fishing with Georg.
3. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据答语“but I still want to go fishing with Georg”推断男士周末想去钓鱼。英
语听力对话注意转折之后爱出题。故选C。
背景知识
start with:从„„开始
barbecue: n.(户外)烧烤
4. What are the speakers talking about?
A. A new office. B. A change of their jobs. C. A former colleague.
Text 4 【询问近况】词数:41;用时:107”;语速:168词/分。
M: Lisa, I saw Jack this morning.
W: You mean the former designer of our company? What‟s he doing these days?
M: He said he's got a new job as an art reporter.
4. 答案是 C。主旨大意题。依据内容得知，第一波提及 Jack，第二波提及 Jack 是公司以前的员工，第三
波提及Jack最近找到一份新工作，由此推断本对话围绕一名以前同事展开。故选C。
背景知识
an art reporter:一名艺术记者
5. What do we know about Andrew?
A. He‟s optimistic. B. He‟s active. C. He‟s shy.
Text 5 【学生会活动】词数:33; 用时:14.4”; 语速:138词/分。
W: Do you often go to the student union, Andrew?
M: Pretty much. Once in a while I meet friends there and I spend a lot of time organizing activities in different
clubs or associations.
5. 答案是 B。推理判断题。依据内容得知，依据答语知道 Andrew 经常去学生会，花费很多时间组织俱乐
部活动-，由此推断Andrew非常活跃。故选B。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}背景知识
the student union: 学生会
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳
选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作
答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Which of the following does the woman dislike?
A. The bedroom. B. The sitting room. C. The kitchen.
7. What does the woman suggest they do next?
A. Go to another agency. B. See some other flats. C. Visit the neighbours.
Text 6 【公寓比选】词数:61;用时:23.7”;语速:154词/分。
W: What do you think, Terry?
M: Well, it has one more bedroom than the last flat and the sitting room is big.
W: But there is not enough cupboard space in the kitchen.(6)
M: It's cheaper than the last one we saw and it is in a good neighborhood.
W: Well, maybe we'll have to see if the agent has anything else to show us. (7)
6. 答案是C。观点态度题。依据第二波对话得知，男士对卧室和客厅满意，但女士认为厨房橱柜空间不够，
由此推断她对厨房不满意。故选C。
7. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据maybe we'll have to see if the agent has anything else to show us.得知女士
希望中介再推荐其他单元房。故选B。
背景知识
agent n.(房产)中介
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the man doing?
A. He‟s making a phone call.
B. He‟s chairing a meeting.
C. He‟s hosting a program.
9. What makes Mrs. Johnson worried about her daughter in Africa?
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}A. Lack of medical support.
B. Inconvenience of communication.
C. Poor transportation system.
Text 7【电台采访】词数:85;用时:38.5”;语速:132词/分。
M: Thank you, Mrs. Johnson for what you‟ve shared with our listeners.（8） Now, please tell us do you
sometimes feel worried about your daughter, now that she's grown up?
W: Oh I worry about her like all parents do. After she graduated from medical school, she went to volunteer
medical service in Africa.
M: Wow.
W: That's okay if communication was fine. But if there was no internet or telephone connection, we could
sometimes go two weeks without getting in touch with each other. That often worries me.（9）
8. 答案是C。主旨要义题。依据Thank you, Mrs. Johnson for what you‟ve shared with our listeners.得知，
男士在主持一档访谈节目。故选C。
9. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据But if there was no internet or telephone connection, we could sometimes go
two weeks without getting in touch with each other. That often worries me.得知有时候没有网络或电话信号，
甚至两周不通电话。说明通讯不便引起女士担忧。故选B。
背景知识
volunteer medical service:自愿参加医疗服务
go(two weeks)without:(两周)没有„„也行
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What position does the man apply for?
A. A salesperson. B. An engineer. C. An accountant.
11. Which aspect of the company appeals to the man?
A. The company culture. B. The free accommodations. C. The competitive pay.
12. What is difficult for the man to deal with?
A. Interpersonal relationships. B. Quality-quantity balance. C. Unplanned happenings.
Text 8 【求职面试】词数:149;用时:66.8”;语速:134词/分。
W: Now sell yourself in a minute please.
M: I graduated from university two years ago and have since been working in an accounting company. (10)
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}W: Apart from the knowledge and skills related to my major, I'm really good with computers. I have a large amount
of experience working with big data. I think I'm well qualified for the accountant position here. (10)
W: Good! Why did you choose this company?
M: Peterson has been my dream company all along. You value progress and focus on the quality of work more
than the quantity the flexible working hours and working from home is also attractive. (11)
W: Ah huh. What do you think is your biggest weakness?
M: Well, when I work, I often concentrate so much on what I'm doing that I may have a hard time dealing with
things that come up unexpectedly. (10) That may be annoying to some people.
W: All right. Thank you very much.
10. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据have since been working in an accounting company.和I think I'm well
qualified for the accountant position here.得知，男士在申请会计师这个职位。故选C。
11. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据You value progress and focus on the quality of work more than the quantity
the flexible working hours and working from home is also attractive.得知，公司重视进步，关注工作质量，
弹性工作时间和在家工作都很吸引求职者。说明男士喜欢公司文化。故选A。
12. 答案是C。推理判断题。依据I may have a hard time dealing with things that come up unexpectedly.得
知，男士在处理意外事情方面有些困难。故选C。
背景知识
sell yourself:介绍自己;推销自己
work from home:居家办公
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. How does Robert sound when speaking of his being a writer?
A. Hopeful. B. Grateful. C. Doubtful.
14. What was Robert like before he was 9 years old?
A. He had wild imagination. B. He enjoyed sports. C. He loved science.
15. What did Robert‟s father do?
A. A teacher. B. A coach. C. A librarian.
16. What helped Robert become a writer?
A. Writing daily. B. Listening to stories. C. Reading extensively.
Text 9 【作家分享自己读书历程】词数:220单词;用时:96.4”;语速:137词/分。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}W: So Robert I guess you must be well into your third decade as a writer. How is life treating you?
M: Fourth decade as a writer. Hmm let me get my calculator out. Well, I guess I have been writing novels since the
1980s. So you're right. But I have been writing all of my life. And to answer your question, life has been treating
me excellently. (13)
W: Can I ask you about your childhood? Were you a bookish child?
M: In a strange way, I was a non-reader until I turned 9. I used to play basketball in the schoolyards of
Brooklyn. (14) My father was a high school teacher of physics and chemistry. (15) And he was a big reader. He
would bring books. back from his high school library. One day I read the last chapter of a book, the title of which
I‟ve long since forgotten. I liked it so much that I started reading the remainder. Interestingly, I read the chapters
backwards until I got to the beginning. I really loved the experience and I soon became an eager reader. Then my
father would bring piles of books home from the library. And I would read them all and they were all fiction.
(16) I must add that I started reading the books from the start as opposed to working backwards.
13. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据And to answer your question, life has been treating me excellently.得知，
男士在对于自己走上写作之路满是感激心情。故选B。
14. 答案是B。事实细节题。依据I was a non-reader until I turned 9. I used to play basketball in the
schoolyards of Brooklyn.得知，男士9岁前很少读书，倒是喜欢体育运动。故选B。
15. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据My father was a high school teacher of physics and chemistry.得知，男士
父亲是名教师。故选A。
16. 答案是C。推理判断题。依据Then my father would bring piles of books home from the library. And I
would read them all and they were all fiction.得知，男士把父亲带回来的小说细数阅读，最后成就一位作家。
故选C。
背景知识
How is life treating you? 生活待你如何?
a bookish child:书呆子
a big reader:好读书的人
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where was Open Tchaikovsky Competition held in 1986?
A. In Moscow. B. In Chelyabinsk. C. In Berlin.
18. What does Maxim say about the competition he attended at 10?
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}A. It inspired many young musicians.
B. It was the music event of his dreams.
C. It was a life-changing experience.
19. Which kind of music are the young players required to play?
A. Rock music. B. Pop music. C. Classical music.
20. What does Maxim value most in young players‟ performance?
A. Expressiveness. B. Smoothness. C. Completeness.
Text 10 【音乐比赛与艺术追求】词数:189;用时:878;词速:129词/分
M: Hello, I'm Maxim Vengarov and I'm very happy to share with you my connection with open Tchaikovsky
competition. It was June 1986 when I came to Moscow to participate in open Tchaikovsky competition at the
age of 10 from Chelyabinsk. (17) This was actually the turning point of my life. Then I attended a world
music festival in Berlin. And it was interesting to say that a kid made his breakthrough already at the age of
ten. (18) And that was me. Now as a judge of the competition, I can see clearly the huge challenges facing the
musicians in the competition. Where else can you see young players playing within ten days classical works
and Russian traditional music before coming to the final stage? (19) As a musician it's important to give
maximum attention and time to your own reflections of your own feelings. (20) So, what I‟m really looking for
in the competition is to meet someone who can touch me musically. I want to see the seed at least the seed of the
great tree that can grow. I would go for this violinist. I would go for this musician.
17. 答案是A。事实细节题。依据It was June 1986 when I came to Moscow to participate in open Tchaikovsky
competition at the age of 10 from Chelyabinsk.得知，该项比赛是在莫斯科进行的。故选A。
18. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据This was actually the turning point of my life. Then I attended a world
music festival in Berlin.得知，参加莫斯科比赛是作者人生的转折点。故选C。
19. 答案是C。事实细节题。依据Where else can you see young players playing within ten days classical
works得知，比赛要求选手演奏古典音乐作品。故选C。
20. 答案是A。主旨要义题。依据As a musician it's important to give maximum attention and time to your
own reflections of your own feelings.得知，作为一名音乐家，最看重年轻选手通过演奏表达自己的思想情感。
故选A。
背景知识
open Tchaikovsky competition:柴可夫斯基公开赛
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}Chelyabinsk( 俄罗斯)车里雅宾斯克，位于乌拉尔南坡及外乌拉尔。
【考前技能篇 2】阅读理解的解题技巧
一、细节理解型
细节理解题有时比较直接，理解字面意思即可答题；有时则较为间接，需要归纳、概括和推理才能答
题。细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。
【命题特点】
特殊疑问句形式:以 when、where、what、which、who、why、how 等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及
与主题有关的事实或细节，或就文中的数字进行提问。
21. Who wrote the music for “Tom Sawyer: A River Adventure”? （2024浙江1月卷）
24. What is important for parrots to better survive from attacks in the wild? （2024九省联考卷）
25. Why did John put the sludge into the tanks? （2023新高考I卷）
23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? （2023新高考II卷）
【命题规律】 正确选项规律
(1)替换关键词。把原文的关键词进行同义替换，如把lose one‟s job换成了be out of work
同义替换 (2)改变词性。把原文中的一些词变换了一下词性，如把important变换成of importance
(3)改变语态。把原文主动语态转为被动语态，如restored the bridge变换成the bridge was restored
信息归纳 用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项
原文原词 用原文原词作为正确选项
干扰选项规律
张冠李戴 是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容
无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反
正误参半 部分正确，部分错误
【常考类型】
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}考法一：直接信息题
直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍
类、演出信息类等。
“带着问题找答案”先从题干中提取关键性词语(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速
在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比
较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。简言之，可采用“一找二
定三比对”的方法。
【真题示例】( 2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·A 篇23题)
Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10)
Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone‟s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire
new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone.
6/19—Waterfalls&Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point.
7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
23. Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop?
A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead.
C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center.
【解答思路】
第一步：扫描题干，找关键词。关键词: for the July 10 photography workshop
第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息:Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)部分中的“7/10
— Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.”
第三步：比对选项信息。7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。
【技能提炼】
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【学以致用1】(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·A篇23题)
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not
turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get
a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A. You will receive a zero. B. You will lose a letter grade.
C. You will be given a test. D. You will have to rewrite it.
【解答思路】
一、在题干中标注定位词submit an essay one week after the due date，
二、在原文中找出信息句，即Late Work部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will
earn a zero”，
三、比对选项与信息句，可知答案为A。
【学以致用2】(2020年全国Ⅰ ·A篇22题)
Train Information
All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding. For
ticket information, please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.
While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled, there can be no guarantee of
connections between trains or between train services and bus services.
Lost property（失物招领）
Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services. The lost
property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located (位于) at Roma Street station.
22. At which station can you find the lost property office?
A. Altandi. B. Roma Street. C. Varsity Lakes. D. Fortitude Valley.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【解答思路】
第一步，读题干，确定lost property office为定位词。
第二步，用定位词在文中找到Lost property部分，由该部分第二句“The lost property office is open Monday
to Friday 7:30 am to 5:00 pm and is located at Roma Street station.”可知，失物招领处位于罗马街车站。
第三步，对比各选项只有B项正确。
【学以致用2】 (2020年全国ⅠI ·A篇21题)
The Lake District Attractions Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens
History, Culture & Landscape (景观). Discover
and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by
the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales,
museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open: 29 Mar—29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom, Gardens & Gift Shop: 10.30—17.00 (16.00 in Oct).
House: 11.15—16.00 (15.00 in Oct).
Town: Pooley Bridge & Penrith
21. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?
A. 09.30—17.30. B. 10.30—16.00. C. 11.15—16.00. D. 12.00—16.30.
第一步，读题干，确定由题干中的Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens可定位到第一个景点。
第二步，用定位词在文中找到由Open部分中House的开放信息House:11.15—16.00 (15.00 in Oct). 可知，
3月到9月期间，House在周日到周四的开放时间为11.15—16.00。
第三步，对比各选项7月在这个时间段内，故选C。
考法二：间接信息题
间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和“人与自然”三大主题
语境。解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。
该类题的特点是试题题干或选项中的关键词语通常使用同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换文中的相关
细节信息,例如,使用book对文中的reserve进行同义转换,用less different对文中的more in common进行同义
转换。
【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·B篇24题)
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And
29
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four
low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and
healthy lifestyles.
24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?
A. She used to be a health worker.
B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant.
D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
【解答思路】
第一步: 扫描题干,找关键词。关键词:What, know about, Abby Jaramillo
第二步: 根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher
started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. initiator和started是同义替换。
第三步: 根据关键词和定位信息可知,Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。(间接信息题)
【技能提炼】
【学以致用1】(2022·全国甲·B篇24题)
Goffin‟s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia，have been shown to have similar
shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have
proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment，cockatoos were presented with a box with a
nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape，and the birds were given five
differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A. By following instructions.
B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around.
D. By removing the lid.
一读题干，锁定关键词，即How，get the nut；
30
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}二扫原文，锁定信息区间，即第一段中的“Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved
skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.”和“...the birds were given five differently shaped „keys‟ to choose
from. Inserting the correct „key‟ would let out the nut.”B项是对信息区间的同义描述，即在实验中，凤头鹦
鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。
三定答案。根据同义替换，故选B。
【学以致用2】(2020年全国Ⅰ卷·D篇33题)
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the
actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants
that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they're short of water and a plant that can detect harmful
chemicals in groundwater. “We're thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that
we use every day,” explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?
A. To detect plants‟ lack of water.
B. To change compositions of plants.
C. To make the life of plants longer.
D. To test chemicals in plants.
一读题干，锁定关键词，function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer。
二扫原文，锁定信息区间，由第二句 “These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to
show when they„re short of water”可知，这些传感器是用来检测植物是否缺水的。lack of water与be short of
water同义。
三定答案。同义替换。lack of water与be short of water同义。故选A项，
考法三：数计算题题
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算量都比较小，
容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个
难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；
2.故事类；3. 科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，how many/much
等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。
此类题要求考生对具体细节信息,尤其是年龄、时间、数量等数字信息进行加工,但此类试题的重点不在
于计算,而在于考查考生对具体信息的处理能力,故试题设置的计算一般比较简单。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【真题示例】(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷·A篇22题)
Prices
Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day (24 hours) 14.75 9.75
Each additional day 8.00 6.00
22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days?
A. 15.75. B. 19.50. C. 22.75. D. 29.50.
【解答思路】
第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。关键词:How much, pay for, renting a bike, with hand brake and three gears, two days
第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:Prices...(表格)
第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,第三段的表格中的中间一列,第一行含有题干中的hand brake和three
gears,再联系第四行和第五行,一天是14.75欧元,再加一天是8欧元,所以是14.75+8= 22.75欧元。故选C。
【技能提炼】
【学以致用1】(2022·全国乙·A篇22题)
Exhibition Times
Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January.
Admission
£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?
A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16.
一读题干寻找关键词a couple with two children under 12，
32
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}二在Admission部分中标记￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free，
三用加法推算答案，即一对夫妇应付 4＋4＝8(英镑)，两个 12 岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费
为8英镑。故选B。
【学以致用2】(2023·浙江1月卷·A篇23题)
Explorers Camp
•Full day camp for kids aged 5-13.
•Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.
Week 1 | July 8-12
Week 2 | July 15-19
Week 3 | July 22-26
•Register for a single week or multiple weeks.
•Fees: $365 per week.
•The last day to cancel registration and receive a full refund (退款) is June 15.
23. How many hours of class will you have altogether if you register for a single week?
A. 15. B. 21. C. 30. D. 42.
一读题干寻找关键词。How many hours of class，altogether，register for a single week。
二依据原文信息加工。根据“•Monday-Friday, July 8-26, 9am-4pm.( 7月8日至26日，星期一至星期五，
上午 9 点至下午 4 点)”可知，每周安排 5 天的活动。根据 Camp Structure 部分中的“Campers have a
three-hour morning class engaging with a morning theme (9am to 12 noon) and a one-hour lunch break,
followed by another three-hour class engaging with an afternoon theme (1pm to 4pm).(露营者有一个三小时
的上午课程（上午9点到中午12点）和一个小时的午休时间，然后是另一个三个小时的下午课程（下午 1
点到下午4点）)”可知，全天有6个小时的课程。5*6=30。
三合理计算定答案。由此可知，如果你注册一周，你总共有30小时的课程。故选C。
二、猜测词义题
【命题特点】
猜测词义题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语或
句子的本意或外延含义的能力，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，还可以是对替代词所替
代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外，阅读文章时，常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词，但这类生词的
词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。
33
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}24. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? （2024浙江1月卷）
30. What does the underlined phrase “spell out” in paragraph 3 probably mean? （2024九省联考卷）
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? （2023新高考I卷）
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? （2023新高考II卷）
【命题规律】
考法一：利用释义法猜词
在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义
或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
【真题示例1】（2022•全国乙卷•C篇29题）
原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews‟ efforts.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
解析：“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对
“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspection and repair与句
中的inspect and repair对应。故选C。
考法二：利用构词法猜词
34
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}英语单词可以通过添加词缀、合成或转化的方式构成新词或生成新的词义。同学们要熟记一定数量的词根、
前缀和后缀，从而达到通过“解剖”一个单词，对一个生词能够“望文生义”的效果。
【真题示例2】（2016•全国II卷•B篇27题）
原文：Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different
style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, “But I‟m just not creative.”
27. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？
A. Mistake. B. Drawback. C. Difficulty. D. Burden.
解析：downside是由“down（向下）+ side（方面）”构成的合成词，并且后文提到“作者冒着失去那些有
不同思维风格的学生的风险”。因此，我们可以猜测该词的意思是“不足，缺点”，故选B项。
考法三：利用因果关系猜词
若画线单词或短语前后句子之间构成因果关系，那我们便可以根据这种因果逻辑关系推知单词或短语的意
义。因果关系的语境通常由because, so, thus, therefore, as a result of, so that, so/such...that...等标志词体现。
【真题示例3】（2019•全国II卷•B篇25题）
原文：I guess that there‟s probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for
an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the
single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren‟t even
on … At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, “Alright. Yes, I‟ll do it.”
25. What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in Paragraph 2 mean？
A. Encourage team work. B. Appeal to feeling.
C. Promote good deeds. D. Provide advice.
【解析】由逻辑词“so”可知，此处可以借助因果逻辑关系猜测词义句意。画线部分的前一句提到“她可能需
要有人劝说一下”，故“tug at the heartstrings”应该有“劝说”的意思。“appeal to feeling”意思是“打动某人，
唤起某人的情感”，故选B项。
考法四：利用对比关系猜词
运用转折对比描述事物或现象是写作时常用的一种手法，作者常借用一些信号词来提供相反信息，抓
住这些信号词，结合上下文意，我们就能够快速推测出词义。体现对比关系的词语很多，常见的有but, yet,
however, while, unlike, instead of, on the other hand, rather than, on the contrary等。
【真题示例4】（2020•新高考卷Ⅰ•D篇33题）
原文：According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of
35
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it‟s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to
avoid.
33. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
解析：利用对比关系猜测词义。根据 “And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating
with heavier people who order large portions(份)，it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to
avoid.”，研究表明，与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭) 相反，你真正需要避开的是胃
口大的又高又瘦的人。根据“contrary to”可知，画线词与heavier people含义相反。
考法五：利用语境法解题
有些猜测词义句意题找不到以上标志或线索，我们可以利用上下文提供的语境进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，
进而推测词义句意。
【真题示例5】（2022•新高考II卷，B篇24题）
原文：We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't
even realize it's new. For them, it‟s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I
had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.
24. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年
轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看
书时，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。故选B。
考法六：利用同义关系解题
画线单词或短语前后有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时我们可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含
义。常见的表示同义关系的词或短语有and, or, like, as well, similarly, too, also, either等。
【真题示例6】（2015•四川卷•D篇44题）
原文：And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being
more nocturnal.
36
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}44. What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？
A. Active at night. B. Inactive at night.
C. Active during the day. D. Inactive during the day.
解析：画线单词前一句说“不是只有知更鸟在人造光下会一直醒着”，而“also（也）”表明这一句与前面表达
的意思相近，即“黑鹂和海鸥也更活跃”。“nocturnal”应该是“awake”的近义词，意为“夜间活跃的”，故选A
项。
考法七：利用生活常识解题
在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词义。
【真题示例7】（2020•江苏卷•C篇61题）
原文：For those who can stomach it, working out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating
first, according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
61. The underlined expression “stomach it” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ _______ ”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered
解析：此题考查“stomach”的生僻意思。根据生活常识可知，有的人锻炼前不吃早饭是受不了的，所以此处
意为“如果可以忍受空腹的话，在吃早饭前去锻炼比吃过早餐后去锻炼好处更多”，故选B项。
考法八：利用就近原则判指代
代词指代题原则上从上文寻找线索，确定答案。基本点是单数还是复数，指人还是指物。
【真题示例8】（2022·新高考II卷·C篇30题）
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the
state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to
be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone."
30. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior.”（我们需要一些能改变人们
行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,
he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”（他说，如果Textalyzer法
案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当 Textalyzer 法案成为法律。
受到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是法律。故选D。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【技能提炼】
【学以致用1】（2023•新高考I卷•C篇29题）
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This
process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will
then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to
the things you value.
29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
29.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for
thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online
activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远
离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑
选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
38
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【学以致用2】（2023•新高考II卷•C篇30题）
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between
different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus
for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a
volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago,
but they record moments we can all relate to.
30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform.
30.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these
connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at
school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同
时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”
以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能
是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故
与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
【学以致用3】（2023•全国甲卷•B篇24题）
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing
together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
24.词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture,
she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她
自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接
近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
三、推理判断题
推理判断题是高考阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括推理和判断两个方面，是考生失分率较高的
题型。考查考生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，进行逻辑推理，对文章的细节、作者的态度、
意图作出正确推理判断的能力。分析今年高考题可知，推断题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入
座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。
39
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【命题特点】
特殊疑问句形式:以 when、where、what、which、who、why、how 等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及
推断作者态度、文章出处、文章类型、写作意图、下段话题等。
31. What can we infer from the last paragraph? （2024浙江1月卷）
28. What is the author‟s attitude toward Carnegie‟s understanding of argument? （2024九省联考卷）
24. What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs? （2023新高考I卷）
31. What might the author continue talking about? （2023全国乙卷）
【选项规律】
正确选项特征
同义替换 对原文句子中的关键词进行替换，成为正确选项
正话反说 把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
语言简化 把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
语态变化 改变原文重点词性或语态，给考生制造了某些障碍。
干扰选项特征
张冠李戴 为原文内容，但与题目文不对题，不符合题目要求。
偷梁换柱 在意思上与原文非常相似但在某个细节上有变动。
正误参半 选项内容部分正确，部分错误。
颠倒是非 与原文意思大相径庭或完全相反。
无中生有 符合常识但与原文不符或原文并未提及。
扩缩范围 以偏概全如：almost, all, nearly, never, completely 等绝对词与文章意义不符。
考法一：推断出处题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
40
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【真题示例】（2022新高考I卷A篇21题）
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2
= 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be
submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
…
Late Work
…
21. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic article.
21. C。推理判断题。本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。根据文章标题“Grading Policies
for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will
combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部
分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C。
【学以致用】（2023全国乙卷D篇35题）
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you
cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for
41
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity‟s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many
literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
…
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people
of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we
consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are
necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to
read not just the texts, but the objects.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories
35.推理判断题。本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调
了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the
history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it
through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for
most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不
能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在
大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have
to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读
物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文
本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
考法二：文体推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意掌握技巧，进行信息融合概括提炼
42
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
新闻报道类文章(a news report)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及人物、时政、教育、体育、科技等，突出新颖
性、突发性和真实性。新闻呈“倒金字塔”结构，第一段概括全文内容，下面陈述细节。
图书评论类文章(a book review)：书评、影评类文章涉及到作者介绍，内容梗概、人物性格评论，写作特
色以及个人好恶等内容。
科普杂志类文章(a science magazine)：此类文章内容广泛，涉及到日常生活习惯、健康饮食、太空与海洋、
创造与发明、计算机发展、人类未来、动物世界等。其重点是普及科学知识，提高科学素养。
【真题示例】（2022浙江1月卷B篇26题）
The United States rose to global power on the strength of its technology, and the lifeblood that technology has
long been electricity. By providing long-distance communication and energy, electricity created the modem world.
Yet properly understood, the age of electricity is merely the second stage in the age of steam, which began a century
earlier.
"It is curious that no one has put together a history of both the steam and electric revolutions." writes Maury
Klein in his book The Power Makers, Steam, Electricity, and the Men Invented Modem America. Klein, a noted
historian of technology, spins a narrative so lively that at times it reads like a novel.
The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland, where Watt perfected "the machine that
changed the world". Klein writes, "America did not invent the steam engine, but once they grasped its passwords they
put it to more uses than anyone else. "
Meanwhile, over the course of 19th century, electricity went from mere curiosity to a basic necessity. Morse
invented a code for sending messages over an electromagnetic circuit. Bell then gave the telegraph a voice. Edison
perfected an incandescent bulls that brought electric light into the American home.
Most importantly, Edison realized that success depended on mass electrification, which he showed in New York
City. With help from Tesla, Westinghouse's firm developed a system using alternating current, which soon became
the major forms of power delivery.
To frame his story, Klein creates the character of Ned, a fictional witness to the progress brought about by the
steams and electric revolutions in America during one man's lifetime. It's a technique that helps turn a long narrative
into an interesting one.
26. What is the text?
A. A biography. B. A book review. C. A short story. D. A science report.
43
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}26. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The story begins in the last years of the 18th century in Scotland”（这个故事
开始于苏格兰18世纪最后几年）可知，这篇文章是一篇小故事。故选C。
【学以致用】（2023年新高考II卷C篇28题）
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the book, represented here in
almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout
history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists‟ representations of books
and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections
between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book
as a focus for relations between the generations.
28. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
28. 推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an
everyday object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the
world. (Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博
物馆的近三百件艺术品)”以及第二段第一句“In this book of books”可推知，本文最有可能出自一世界各地
的收藏品的一本书。故选A。
考法三：活动评价题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文关键句、关键词，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，特别关注形容词感情色彩进行概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
【真题示例】（2023新高考II卷B篇26题）
She adds that the program‟s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they
bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect
on Jaramillo‟s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says,
“and they feel successful.”
26. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program?
A. Far-reaching.影响深远的 B. Predictable. 可预测的
C. Short-lived. 短暂的 D. Unidentifiable. 难以确认的
44
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}26.推理判断题。本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学
能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的 Urban Sprouts 花园项目，让学生通过体验乡村生活，对学生影响深
远。根据最后一段“She adds that the program‟s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested
in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden
seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo‟s special education students, many of whom have emotional
control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营
养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo
的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”
可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问
题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
【学以致用】（2023全国乙卷B篇27题）
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil‟s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英)
rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to
photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background.
We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark
the route (路线) so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful
getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best
shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
27. How does the author find his photos taken at Devil‟s Lake?
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
27.推理判断题。本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一
些所见所闻。通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots
though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
(尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，
它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的。故选B。
考法四：态度推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：留意积累表示肯定、否定、客观等态度类高频词汇备用
45
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}第四步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
【真题示例】（2023新高考I卷D篇35题）
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group
members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did
they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn‟t the dominant
response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow,
these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have
limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are
enormous.
35. What is the author‟s attitude toward Navajas‟ studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many
questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.(尽管
Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。)”可知，作者
认为虽然 Navajas 领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断
作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。dismissive a.不屑一顾的；轻蔑的；approving a.
支持的；赞成的。
【学以致用】（2023全国甲卷D篇35题）
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does
so with plenty of humor. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history,
and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读) their messages and adding his own
interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls
them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee
or tea and sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. It‟s worth your time, even if time is something we
46
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}don‟t have a lot of.
31. What does the author think of Weiners book?
A. Objective and plain.
B. Daring and ambitious.
C. Serious and hard to follow.
D. Humorous and straightforward.
31.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the
quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.(他使哲学思想成为一种有吸引力的练习，可
以提高我们经验的质量，而且他在做这件事的时候充满了幽默感。)”可知，Weiners的书很幽默，根据最后
一段中“The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and
gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. (The Socrates Express是一本有趣
而尖锐的书，它以其表面上的简单吸引着读者，并逐渐将他们拉进对欲望、孤独和衰老的深层思考中。)”
可知，Weiners的书简单易懂，由此可知，Weiners的书既幽默又简单易懂。故选D。
考法五：预测下段题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文最后一段（句），圈划留下做题痕迹
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案
【真题示例】（2023全国乙卷C篇31题）
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on
TV has encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients
(配料) than they used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in
four adults say that TV chefs have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge
and skills, and young people are also getting more interested in cooking. The UK‟s obsession (痴迷) with food
is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more
often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it‟s no longer “uncool” for boys to like
cooking.
31. What might the author continue talking about?
A. The art of cooking in other countries.
B. Male chefs on TV programmes.
47
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}C. Table manners in the UK.
D. Studies of big eaters.
31.推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number of male chefs on TV, it‟s no longer
“uncool” for boys to like cooking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件
“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故
选B项。
【学以致用】（2011安徽高考真题B篇63题）
For many centuries, people used windmills to grind (磨碎)wheat into flour or pump water from deep
underground when electricity was discovered in the 1ate 1800s, people living in remote areas began to use them to
produce electricity. This al1owed them to people in almost all1 areas of the United States, windmills were rarely
used. During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about the pollution that is created when coal and
gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the supply of coal and gas would not last forever.
Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts. Today, there is a global movement to supply more and
more of our electricity through the use of wind.
63. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A. The advantage of wind power.
B. The design of wind power plants.
C. The worldwide movement to save energy.
D. The global trend towards producing power from wind.
63. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“During the course 1970s, people started becoming concerned about
the pollution that is created when coal and gas are burned to produce electricity. People also realized that the
supply of coal and gas would not last forever. Then, wind was rediscovered, though it means higher coasts.
Today, there is a global movement to supply more and more of our electricity through the use of wind . ( 在
20 世纪 70 年代，人们开始担心煤炭和天然气燃烧发电造成的污染。人们还意识到，煤炭和天然气的供应
不会永远持续下去。然后，风能被重新发现，尽管这意味着更高的成本。今天，全球正在进行一场运动，
希望通过使用风能提供越来越多的电力。)”可知，最后一段讲述了二十世纪七十年代，人们更加注重环保，
而且认识到煤和气的短缺；而尽管成本较高，但是风能的特点是洁净并丰富的。如今，全球范围内正在发
起利用风能发电的运动。因此推断下一段将会讲述全球利用风能发电的情况。故选D项。
48
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}考法六：意图推断题
妙招：第一步：结合题干定位原文一处或多处信息，圈划留下做题痕迹。
第二步：仔细梳理信息，注意同义替换，进行信息融合概括提炼。
第三步：利用“题干+原文+选项”三对照，核实后确认最佳答案。
【真题示例】（2023新高考I卷B篇28题）
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks
and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it‟s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital
minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people‟s digital lives increasingly
intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
28. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including
a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if
you decide it‟s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，
然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故
选B。
【学以致用】（2023浙江1月卷D篇33题）
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation
and Impact Reductions on the Environment (InSPIRE) project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute
to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development,
which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest
low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators (传粉昆虫).
49
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}33. What does InSPIRE aim to do?
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the
land.(InSPIRE正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳
能农场。)”可知，InSPIRE 采用友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故
选C项。
四、主旨大意题
【命题特点】
主旨大意题目主要的考查形式：理解段落大意、把握全文主旨和拟定文章标题。该类题目在文章中没
有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的
主旨。
特殊疑问句形式:以 when、where、what、which、who、why、how 等疑问词开头引出的问题;通常涉及
段落大意、文章大意或者标题概括等。
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? （2024浙江1月卷）
32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about? （2024九省联考卷）
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about? （2023全国乙卷）
31. What is the text mainly about? （2022全国甲卷）
【命题规律】
正确选项规律
概括性 涵盖性强，覆盖全文或全段
覆盖性 确定的范围恰当，既不太大，也不太小
精确性 精确性强，不会改变语言表意的程度及色彩
模糊性 不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词
干扰选项规律
主题扩大 所给选项内容概括的范围过大，超出文章所述内容
50
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}无中生有 符合常识，但不是文章的内容
曲解文意 与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动
颠倒是非 在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反
偷换概念 所给选项被命题者有意识地把本属于A的内容放在B上
考法一：标题概括题
标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握主题和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生
在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法，对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括，最终准确地选出
文章的标题。记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及的不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。
【真题示例】（2023▪全国乙卷▪D篇 35题）
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you
cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for
most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity‟s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many
literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just
that, but in many cases we simply can‟t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is
perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook‟s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From
the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain‟s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side,
we have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to
reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and
strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people
of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we
consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are
necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to
read not just the texts, but the objects.
51
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World
B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects
D. How Art Works Tell Stories
35.推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does
not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world
has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，
一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史
曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find
the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到
对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历
史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100
件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
【学以致用】（2023▪新高考II卷▪B篇27题）
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And
at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four
low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and
healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo‟s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food
restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft
drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are
initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts‟ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil
testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year,
students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say
they went home and talked to their parents and now they‟re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program‟s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they
52
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect
on Jaramillo‟s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says,
“and they feel successful.”
27. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Rescuing School Gardens
B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers
D. Changing Local Landscape
27.主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started
Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students
develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她
和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技
能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入
学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的 Urban Sprouts 花园项目，让学生体验乡村
生活，对学生影响深远。因此推断B项“体验乡村生活”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选B。
【技能提炼】
53
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}考法二：段落大意题
每一篇文段都要围绕一个特定的主题，按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以段落的结构也有一定的规律性。
做题时要特别注意“首尾兼顾”,即所问段落的首句和尾句。一是因为它们往往体现主旨要义，二是因为利用
这些信息可以迅速提炼段落结构框架，在框架下判断主旨，其准确性更高。
【真题示例】（2023新高考I卷D篇32题）
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to
be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases,
the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren‟t always the same. Some
people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they
cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors,
then their errors won‟t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people‟s
estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people‟s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of
the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key
finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a
discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent
individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly
more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group
members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did
they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn‟t the dominant
response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these
arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations
many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
32. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. The methods of estimation.
B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people‟s errors.
54
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}D. The design of Galton‟s experiment.
32.主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those
errors aren‟t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When
enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate
estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won‟t cancel each other
out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people‟s estimates be independent. If for
whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go
down.(这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，
或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如
果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求
人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。)”可知，
本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，
讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而导致更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这
一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
【学以致用】（2023全国乙卷D篇32题）
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you
cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for
most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity‟s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many
literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. How past events should be presented.
B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words.
D. Why written language is reliable.
32.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does
not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world
has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity‟s
later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their
concerns not only in writing but in things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特
55
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，
在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用
文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我
们。故选A。
【技能提炼】
考法三：文章大意题
文章中的每一段都是围绕某一主题展开的，把每个段落的主题句综合起来就可以概括出全文的中心思
想。该题型主要是测试考生对一篇文章的深层理解程度以及在速读中准确定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要
求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，对文章进行高度概
括或总结，属于高层次题。
【答题策略】
题型一：利用主题句在段首位置推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：说明文和议论文学会关注“首段”和“段首”。借鉴“七选五”小标题类型特点，段首句统领全段主旨
大意，由此推断段落大意。
题型二：利用主题句在段中位置推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段中某句，这就需要考生耐心阅读揣摩段落各句之间内在逻辑关系，确定主
题句位置，进而明确段落主旨大意。
题型三：利用主题句在段尾位置推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：有时主题句出现在段尾，关注一些表征总结性，结论性的词: in brief/ short, all in all, in conclusion, in
56
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}a word等，这些词后面连接的通常是主题句。
题型四：利用段落没有主题句推敲段落大意
技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。
题型五：利用“总-分-总”结构推敲语篇主旨大意题
技巧点拨：有时候段落没有出现主题句，需要考生自己总结提炼，难度更大。
【真题示例】（2022全国甲卷C篇31题）
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅)
longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni
would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap
deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American
mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I‟d find there and I wasn‟t nervous, I just
wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she‟d never met before, to begin the journey towards
Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose
out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the operatic
sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
31. A。主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71 has had a deep love for travel.(今
年71岁的吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小
57
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开
始了前往南极洲的旅程。由此可知，A childhood dream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选A。
【学以致用】（2020全国III卷C篇31题）
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are
choosing to live together.
The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law, she lives on the
ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.
Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol — one of a growing number of
multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a washing
machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.
“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing at a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in: “We spoke
more with Nick because I think it‟s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”
And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes,
I think I would.”
It‟s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been
rising for some time. Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together
had risen from 325,000 in 2002 to 419,000 in 2013.
Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common. Some people live with their elderly parents;
many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left. It is said that about 20% of
25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational
households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.
Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.
In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband‟s family when they
get married.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. Lifestyles in different countries. B. Conflicts between generations.
C. A housing problem in Britain. D. A rising trend of living in the UK.
31. D。主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段“With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old
at risk of isolation(孤独), more families are choosing to live together.”可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，
58
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}而老年人又面临着被孤立的风险，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所以短文主要是关于英国生活方式的一
种上升趋势。
【技能提炼】
【考前技能篇 3】完形填空的解题技巧
考法一、完形填空解题技法
技法一 利用首局信息解题
[技法点拨]
完形填空一般不在首句设空，这是为了给考生提供清晰而完整的文章背景信息。若首句交代了when, where,
who, what,即四个“W”,一般来说文章为记叙文；若首句提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说文章为说明文；
若首句提出一个论点，一般来说文章为议论文。仔细分析首句，往往能获取许多解题信息。除了文章首句
以外，考生还可以利用段落首句来把握文章大意。主题句一般出现在段落的开头。
【真题示例】 (2022·新高考I卷)My husband,our children and I havehad wonderful camping experiences over the
past ten years.
Some of our 21 (memories)are funny,especially fromthe early years when our children were little.
Once, we 22 along Chalk Creek. I was 23 (worried)that our 15-month-oldboy would fall into the
creek(小溪). I tied a rope around his waistto keep him near to our spot.
22.A.camped B.drove C.walked D.cycled
22. A完形填空一般选用记叙文作命题材料。文章的首句常常会交代故事发生的背景，如时间、地点、人物
等。本文的首句交代了背景：作者在过去的十年里，和丈夫、孩子有过精彩的露营经历。根据首句
wonderfulcamping experiences和下文的...to keep him near toour spot可知，作者一家在Chalk Creek岸边
露营(camped)。
技法二 利用复现信息解题
[技法点拨]
在完形填空中，仅仅依据设空所在句的句意或设空前后句的语境无法对有些题目作出正确判断。此时，就
需要考生仔细阅读文章，因为答案往往会出现在文中某处，我们把这种现象称作“信息复现”。语篇的信息复
现包括原词
复现、同义词或近义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。考生可以利用这一现象快速解题。
【真题示例】(2022·全国甲卷)You can tell a lot about a man by how hetreats his dogs.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly andChance. Their 41 (companionship) was nearly
enough to keepmy loneliness at bay, Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with 42 (reservations). When I
first dated Steve, I 43 (learned) he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 44 (thrilled) that he
was an animal lover, I 45 (worried) that threedogs were perhaps too many,and my dogs might attack 46 ,
the cat.
46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
46.A 此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击猫。根据上文“he had a dog,Molly,and a car,Flora”和设空处后
the cat为同位语可知，此处应该填猫的名字。故选A。
技法三 利用语义关联解题
[技法点拨]
在行文过程中，文章往往围绕一个主题展开，因此，句与句之间，甚至段落之间存在必然的关联。语义关
联题旨在考查考生对语篇的整体把握能力，考生如果没有整体意识，往往很难找出正确答案。解答此类题
目时，考生需要考虑设空处与句内其他部分、前后句甚至相隔较远的句子在语义上的连贯性。换言之，要
充分考虑上下文语境，根据语义的连贯性解题。
【真题示例】(2022·新高考I卷) My husband,our children and I havehad wonderful camping experiences over the
past ten years.
......
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out ofthe garage,we are filled with a sense of 34
(excitement), wondering what camping fun and 35 we will experience next.
35. A.failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict
35.B 本题要结合上文语境进行作答，根据上文可知，作者一家两次和家人露营，两次都很惊险，但最后
都平安度过危机。以及下文“we will experience next”可推知，此处指作者与家人十分期待即将经历的冒险。
故选B。
技法四 利用逻辑关系解题
[技巧点拨]
完形填空的句子内部、句与句之间以及段落之间往往都存在一定的逻辑关系，有些题目就是考查这些逻辑
关系，例如让考生依据文中表示逻辑关系的词语来判断人物态度或情感。
【真题示例】(2022·新高考I卷)I was 23 (worried)that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek(小溪). I
tied arope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. Thatlasted about ten minutes. He was 24
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}(uncomfortable), and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 25 tying him up,I just kept a close eye on
him.
25. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for
25. B 根据上文“He was uncomfortable,and his cryinglet the whole campground know it.”以及下文“I
justkept a close eye on him"可推知，此处指孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以(so)作者而不是(instead of)
在他身上绑绳子，而是密切关注着他。故选B。
技法五 利用褒贬语境解题
[技法点拨]
完形填空要求考生综合考虑文章的措辞是否得当、语句是否通顺和上下文语境是否一致等，而这些都与词
语的感情色彩相关。作者在选择使用特定的褒义词或贬义词时就表达了自己的感情倾向和意愿。考生在做
完形填空时，要仔细体会作者所用词汇的褒贬含义，揣摩作者的思想和感情。褒义词和贬义词是判断人物
性格特征、事情发展趋势等的一个重要切入点，考生做题时要抓住这个线索，进行合理推测，往往就能判
断出正确答案。
【真题示例】(2022·新高考I卷)The 29 (wind)picked upand thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 30
(start) the motor.Nothing. He tried again. No 31 .We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.
31.A.luck B.answer C.wonder D.signal
31.A 本题可以结合褒贬语境解题。根据上文的“Nothing”和下文“were stuck in”和“dead”可知发动机没有
发动起来，我们被困在了湖中央，由此可知很不幸(Noluck)。故选A项。
技法六 利用褒固定搭配解题
[技法点拨]
固定搭配是完形填空的常考点，英语中的固定搭配非常多，考生平时要熟记它们，并能够在具体语境中识
别出来，从而选择正确的答案。做题时，考生要注意所填词与空格前后词语的搭配。
【真题示例】(2022·全国甲卷)The next week we 47 (walked) our dogs together. It was a hot day. When
wepaused to catch our 48 , Steve got down on one knee.
48. A. breath B. balance C. attention D. imagination
48.A 根据上文“It was a hot day.When we paused”可知，那天很热，遛狗的二人停下来休息一下，catch
one'sbreath为固定搭配，意为“休息一下、喘口气”。故选A。
技法七 利用平行结构解题
[技法点拨]
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}平行结构指的是意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同的词组或句子等成串排列的语言现象。这些结构的
形式整齐、对称，考生可根据这些特征选择正确答案。常见的连接平行结构的词有：and,but,as well as,or,
both...and.., neither...nor.., either... or.., notonly... but(also)., not...but...,rather than,than等。命题者常利
用平行结构表现的意义具有关联性这一特点来设空，因此，掌握这些平行结构可大大提高解题效率。
【真题示例】(2022·全国乙卷)Young children across the globeenjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them,
there'ssomething highly exciting about 41 someone else'sglance and making oneself unable to be seen.
41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
41. C 本题可以利用平行结构解题。由上文enjoy playing games of hide and seek可知孩子们喜欢玩捉迷藏
游戏。设空处和下文making oneself unable to be seen是由and引导的两个并列的宾语，由此可知，设空处
指避开(escaping)别人的视线，让自己不被人看到。故选C。
技法八 利用生活常识解题
[技法点拨]
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积
极地调动自己掌握的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西方文化的差异，将会大
大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地做出正确判断。
【真题示例】(2021·全国乙卷)...When she 53 (reached)one nurse,she tried to press a five-pound note into
herhand. My colleague 54 (refused) to accept it, sayingthat we were all just 55 (doing)our job. The patient
looked puzzled, and then 56 (replied): "Oh this isn't for the 57 (care)I had. I take that as a 58 (given). No,
this is for setting my hair yesterday."
And there you have it. To many people, 59 lives ispart of the job but styling hair is an 60 (extra)
andshould be rewarded.
59. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building
59. C 本题可以利用生活常识和文化背景解题。对许多人来说，挽救(saving)生命是医护人员工作的一部分。
但是做头发是额外的事，应当得到酬谢。
技法九 利用排除法解题
[技法点拨]
做完形填空题，有时不能直接得出某一道题的答案，这时可以运用排除法解题，即先排除明显的错误选项，
缩小选择的范围，然后结合其他方法进一步分析剩余选项的合理性，从而提高正确率。其实，在用各种方
法解题的过程中都可以结合运用排除法。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【真题示例】(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷)He kicked it wide open, finding a 29 woman in a wheelchair with a little boy
and a tiny baby. “Let's 30 (get out)!” he screamed.The woman looked at himin confusion and said something
about changing her clothes. Grantdidn't wait, clutching(抓牢)the baby to his chest and 31theboy alongside,Grant
ran down the hallway.
29. A. frightened B. curious C.patient D. grateful
31. A. following B. dragging C. examining D. passing
29.A 根据下文中的“The woman looked at him in con-fusion”可知，该女士有些茫然，结合选项可排除B、
C、D三项，frightened“害怕的”;curious“好奇的”;patient“耐心的”;grateful“感谢的”。
31.B根据语境和常识可知，格兰特一手抓牢婴儿，一手拽着(drag)小男孩沿着走廊跑去。结合选项可排除A、
C、D三项，follow“跟随”;examine“测试”;pass“通过”。
考法二、完形填空词语复现技巧
1原词复现
【真题示例】【2022•全国甲】When I first dated Steve, I learned he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was
thrilled that he was an animal lover, I worried that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack
46 the cat.
46. A. Flora B. Chance C. Molly D. Tilly
【解析】 46. A。虽然我很高兴他是一个动物爱好者，但我担心三条狗可能太多了，我的狗可能会攻击猫
Flora。根据上文的“he had a dog, Molly, and a car, Flora (他有一条名叫Molly的狗和一只名叫Flora的猫)”
可知，此处指作者担心自己的狗可能会攻击史蒂夫的猫Flora。故选A。
提醒：Flora—Flora原词复现
【真题示例】【2022·新高考I卷】My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the
past ten years. Some of our memories are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once,
we 22 along Chalk Creek.
22. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
【解析】22. A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一次，我们沿着白垩溪露营。A. camped露营；B. drove开
车；C. walked散步；D. cycled骑自行车。根据上文“My husband, our children and I have had wonderful
camping experiences over the past ten years.”可知，此处指作者与家人一起在溪边露营。故选A。
提醒：camping ---camped原词复现
2同义词复现
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【真题示例】 【2018·全国卷】 When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person,
we usually say “sorry, 41(wrong) number！” and move on. But when Dennis Williams 42 a text that
clearly wasn't intended for him, he did something 43(special).
42. A.received B. translated C. copied D. printed
【解析】42. A。根据文章第一句When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown
person可以推知，他接到了电话。A. received收到；B. translated翻译；C. copied复制；D. printed印刷。
本题可以利用语义复现解题。第42空是上文“get”的同义词复现，故选A。
提醒：get—received 是同义词复现
【真题示例】【2021·天津】He 23 (offered) to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it.He also asked for
unwanted bikes，which he would repair again 24 .
24. A. by accident B.in advance C.for free D.on credit
【解析】24. C。by accident偶然；in advance提前；for free免费；on credit赊账。上文提到他主动提出为
有需要的人免费修自行车，根据空前的again及语境可知，此处指他会再次免费修废弃的自行车。故选C。
提醒：free of charge与for free是同义词复现。
3近义词复现
【真题示例】【2017·全国I卷】While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects
of life, college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this 41 process and found
something that has changed my 42 (experience) at college for the better: I discovered ASL—American Sign
Language (美式手语).
41. A.searching B. planning C. natural D. formal
【解析】41. A。根据首句提供的相关信息:high school与college，以及“not generally encourage students to
explore”与“sets the stage for that exploration”分析判断，“我”亲身经历了这个探索过程，发现这个让
“我”的大学的经历更加美好的东西:美式手语。故是 searchingprocess(探索过程)，与前文的 exploration
吻合。本题可以利用语义复现解题。第41空是上文“explore”的近义词复现，故选A。
【真题示例】【2022·新高考I卷】Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we
headed off, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip.
The 29 picked up and thunder rolled.
29. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
【解析】29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}温度；D. speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故
选A。
提醒：storms—wind近义词复现
4反义词复现
【真题示例】 【2022·新高考Ⅱ卷】 She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world，
stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.It might sound like one long，expensive 42 (vacation), but the couple
has an unusual way to make their travel 43 .
43. A.safe B.busy C.helpful D.affordable
【解析】43. D。safe安全的；busy繁忙的；helpful有帮助的；affordable负担得起的。由but可知，此处
与上文中的expensive(昂贵的)构成反义关系，也就是“便宜的”或“负担得起的”。故选D。
【真题示例】【2019·全国Ⅱ卷】Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear
were replaced with 49 . It just started licking(舔) Ehlers‟ face.
49. A. surprise B. joy C. hesitation D. anxiety
【解析】49. B。设空处下一句Itjust started licking Ehlersface.(小狗开始舔Ehlers的脸)说明小狗见到Ehlers
很高兴与之前的紧张和害怕形成对比。根据空后内容可知，此处指小狗的紧张和害怕被高兴(joy)所取代了。
故选B。
提醒：Nervousness and fear—joy 是反义词复现
5上下词复现
【真题示例】【2020·全国Ⅰ】Since our twins began learning to walk, my wife and I have kept telling them that our
sliding glass door is just a window. ..
One day they‟ll 47(wake up) and discover that everything they‟ve always known about windows is a 48(lie) . I
wonder if 49 should always tell the truth no matter the 50 (consequences). I have a very strong 51 (fear) that
the lie we‟re telling is doing 52 (spiritual) damage to our children.
49. A. parents B. twins C. colleagues D. teachers
【解析】49. A。句意：我想知道父母是否应该说出真相，无论结果如何。parents父母twins双胞胎colleagues
同事teachers老师。根据下文to our children，可知这里意思是作者想知道父母是否应该说出真相。根据上
文中提到的our twins，the kids以及下文中的our children可知，此处是指父母(parents)。故选A。
提醒：our twins，the kids以及下文中的our children与下文parents是总括与分述的词汇复现
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【真题示例】【2022·全国乙卷】We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.
Each 47(child) sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 . We then asked the child if she
could 49(see) or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn‟t.
48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
【解析】48. A。foot脚；nose鼻子；hand手；ear耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，儿
童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。此处 ears 与下文中的 hear
是上下词复现。
提醒：ears与下文中的hear是上下词复现
考法三、完形填空解题思维导图
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}67
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【考前技能篇 4】语法填空的解题技巧
[思维导图]
考向一 有提示词
考向二 无提示词
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}[名师点津]
一、括号内给动词的三种填法：
一是谓语动词方向，然后进一步考虑该谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致；
二是非谓语动词方向，再结合语境逻辑和搭配考虑用动词不定式、-ing形式或过去分词；
三是动词词类转换方向，结合语境考虑动词转化为名词或转化为-ing/-ed形容词。
二、填写动词时态语态和主谓一致“四看”：
一看句子明确的时间状语，如in the past three months;
二看句子特定的句型，如This is the first time that…;
三看主从句时态呼应，如状语从句考虑“主将从现”；
四看特定语境，如科普类文章多用一般现在时，故事经历类文章多用一般过去时。
三、语法填空两个重要理念：
一是同一个考点不重复考查。如谓语考查两个不同时态或同一时态不同语态；非谓语考查to do, -ing或-ed
形式中 1-3 个；名词考查动词变名词或单数变复数；形容词考查变副词或比较等级等；介词、冠词、代词
同一语篇 一般只考查一次。二是括号内所给单词一次变形。想考查副词给形容词；想考查名词给动词或形
容词；想考查形容词给名词或动词；想考查名词复数给名词单数形式。
四、自由填空黄金做题思路:
一是填写介词，需要考虑空前空后与动词、名词或形容词的固定搭配或习惯用法；
二是填写冠词，考虑a和an的区别，以及定冠词和不定冠词的区别以及含冠词固定搭配；
三是填写连词，既要考虑并列句中and, or ,but的选择又要考虑名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句连接词的
选择；
四是填写代词，高频词是it，还有one，another, either, neither, that等不定代词。
上述自由填空一般占3-4空，其余为给词填空。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}一、语法填空有提示词类为动词
考法一、语法填空有提示词类为谓语动词
技法一 如何确定是否作谓语
1.分析句子结构知此句为简单句，在主语后面要填动词，而且只有这一个动词，则该空格应填
谓语动词。
句子 2.分析句子结构知此句为并列句，可知并列词前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词。
结构 3.分析句子结构知此句为复合句，可知主从句都要有自己的谓语动词。
分析 注意
法 1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用哪种时态；
2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系以确定语态；
3.根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一致。
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle o“f protecting the
authenticity and integrity
(完整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving biological diversity，protecting ecological buffer
典例
zones,61.and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”.
展示
分析句子结构可知，此句虽长，却是一个简单句。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的主语The GPNP
之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态；主
语是单数，谓语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
技法二 如何确定谓语动词的时态
70
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}解题思路 技法点拨
认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
(1)看到often，usually，always，sometimes等时间状语，要想到用一般现在时。
(2)看到yesterday，last year，in 2022，the other day一段时间＋later等时间状语，要
想到用一般过去时。
1.慧眼识别标志词 (3)看到tomorrow，next year，in the future，soon等时间状语，要想到用一般将来时。
(4)看到at this moment，at present，now等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。
(5)看到since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few years，so far/up to now，
for＋时间段，ever since...等时间状语，要想到用现在完成时。
(6)看到by then，by the end of...等时间状语，要想到用过去完成时。
(1)可根据并列连词and，but，or，rather than，neither...nor...，not only...but also...等
2.瞻前顾后找并
前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
列
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟记一
些常用句式。如：
(1)was/were doing sth. when sb. did...
3.通过“常用句 (2)had (just) done sth. when＋一般过去时
式”法 (3)This/It/That is the first/second...time that sb. have/has done...
(4)This/It/That was the first/second...time that sb. had done...
(5)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一般将来时
(6)It‟s (high) time that...did/should do sth.
分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，而没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物都不
4.通过“语境暗
明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解决时态问
示”法
题的一种行之有效的方法。
[针对训练]
1. Every time I go home to see my father, he often ________(fish) in the river near our village.
2. Qizai ___________(find) as a weak baby panda in 2009 in Qinling Mountains.
3. The exam results _____________(put) up tomorrow afternoon. Please wait patiently.
4. The twins ______________(help) their mother do the housework at this moment.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}5. (2022·全国甲)In the last five years，Cao _______________(walk) through 34 countries in six continents，and in
2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa‟s highest mountain.
6. By about 6000 BC，people __________________(discover) the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
7. There，he not only did well as a student but also ___________ (become) an accomplished public speaker.
8. The elephants invaded farms，________(visit) a car dealership and even showed up at a retirement home.
9. I ___________(drive) down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.
10. This marks the first time that categorical rhythm _____________ (find) in a nonhuman mammal.
11. I say to him with a cheerful smile，“Go to exercise and you _________(feel) better.”
12. Therefore，it is high time that we ___________________(take) effective measures to improve the current
situation.
13.The word“thermopolium”literally meant“a place where something hot ________(sell)”at that time.
[Keys: 1. fishes 2. was found 3. will be put 4. are helping 5. has walked 6. had discovered 7. became 8.
visited 9. was driving 10. has been found 11. fill feel 12. took/should take13. sells]
技法三 如何确定谓语动词的语态
解题思路 技法点拨
(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，若与主语之间是主动关系，应考虑用
主动语态；若是被动关系则考虑用被动语态。
1.依据逻辑关系，辨析
(2)被动语态的基本形式为：be＋过去分词。
主动或被动
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什么时态的被动语态，再根据主谓一致判断be
动词的形式。
(1)当feel，look，smell，taste，sound等后面接形容词时；
(2)当cut，read，sell，wear，write，wash等作不及物动词表示主语内在“品
2.牢记主动表被动含义
质”或“性能”时；
的句式结构
(3)当break out，take place，shut off，turn off，work out等动词短语表示“发
生，关闭，制定”等意思时。
[针对训练]
1. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ____________(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm
on the North Shore.
2. (2020·全国Ⅰ)Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brown University，says，“because it means we have the chance to obtain
72
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}information about how the moon _______ (construct).”
3. (2022·河南许平汝联盟三模)Rather，it _______(see) as a typical reaction to the growing awareness of the
problems that can result from climate change and other global threats.
4. There are many flowers in the garden，which _______(smell) so sweet that they attract many butterflies.
5. The coat which you bought for me is made of a kind of cloth ________ (wash) easily.
6. Great changes ___________(take) place in my hometown in the past ten years.
[Keys: 1. were invited 2. is constructed 3. is seen4. smell 5. washing 6. have taken]
技法四 如何确定谓语动词的单复数形式(主谓一致)
解题原则 技法点拨
(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。
(2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，together with，as well as，like，but，
except，along with，rather than，including，in addition to等，谓语动词的数要与前
面的主语保持一致。
1.语法一致原则 (3)and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and
连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。
(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致。
(5)“many a/more than one＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。each，every，
no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。
(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，not...but...等连接的并
列主语，谓语动词的数通常与最近的主语保持一致。
2.就近一致原则
(2)由there，here引起的句子中主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最近的主语
保持一致。
(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构
成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，
team，group等。
3.意义一致原则
(2)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
(3)由分数、百分数或者some，a part of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词确定谓语
动词的单复数。
注意 what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果表语是复数名词，则谓语动词用复数
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}形式。What the school needs are qualified teachers.
[针对训练]
1. (2022·浙江 1 月)Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane —
______________(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information.
2. (2019·天津改编)Amy，as well as her brothers，___________(give) a warm welcome when returning to the
village last week.
3. The poet and writer ___________( produce) many works so far，some of which have been translated into foreign
languages.
4.My friend showed me around the town，which _____(be) very attractive.
5.Many a parent ____________(have) had to go through this same painful process.
6. Not only the students but also their teacher _____(be) moved deeply by the moving story.
7. (2024·陕西咸阳模拟)Even though there ____(be) more opportunities to go out and do fun things in the city，it
may take focus away from your studies.
8. The class _______(do) experiment when the teacher came in.
9. Up to now the sick ____________ (cure) and the lost ____________ (find).
10. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Often，only a small part of a museum‟s collection _________(be) on display. Most of it is
stored away or used for research.
[Keys: 1.is viewd/has been viewed 2. was given 3. has produced 4.was 5. has6. was 7. are 8. were doing 9.
have been cured, have been found 10. is]
考法二、语法填空有提示词为动词填写非谓语动词
技法一 如何确定是非谓语动词
56. (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ) ___________ (cover) an area about three times 57 the size of Yellowstone National Park，
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
分析句子结构可知，此句没有并列连词，知不是并列句，也没有从属连词，知不是复合句，可以确定此句
是简单句；此句话已经有了谓语动词 will be，所以该空应填非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该词在句中
作状语，其逻辑主语是the GPNP，它们是主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式；此空位于句首，首字母应大
写。故填Covering。
技法二如何确定作主语和表语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路
1.分析句子结构，找到句子的谓语部分，其前设空可能是缺少主语。如果是不具体的
非谓语动词
抽象的动作一般用-ing形式作主语；如果是具体的动作一般用不定式作主语。
作主语
2.掌握一些it充当形式主语，动词-ing形式/不定式作真正主语的句型。
1.现在分词作表语，意为“令人感到„„的”。
非谓语动词作 2.动名词作表语，表示对主语内容的进一步说明和解释。
表语 3.过去分词作表语，意为“本身感到„„的”。
4.不定式作表语，表将来或目的。
[针对训练]
1. ___________(carry) a large quantity of cash could put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened
along the way.
2. (2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house，it was raining so hard that we couldn‟t help wondering how long it
would take ______(get) there.
3. (2021·全国甲)It is possible __________(walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
4. The day is _______________(celebrate) the importance and role of philosophy in our lives.
5. (2018·全国Ⅲ)I quickly lower myself，ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesn‟t feel
____________ (challenge).
6. Bioprinting may be a relatively new field but the results so far are _____________(encourage).
[Keys: 1. Carrying 2. to get 3. to walk 4. to celebrate 5. challenged 6. encouraging]
技法三 如何确定作宾语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}1.介词和带介词的固定搭配后一定跟动名词作宾语。
作介词的宾语 2.带介词to的短语后也跟动名词作宾语, 如look forward to, get down to。
3.介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前面有实义动词do时，不定式省略to。
[针对训练]
1.Some say it is necessary for graduates to spend money in __________ (produce) embellished resumes and buying
suitable clothes.
2.I won‟t call myself the most accomplished person when it comes to ________(hold) chopsticks.
3.The windows were never opened except _______(air) the room for a few minutes.
[Keys: 1. producing 2. holding 3. airing ]
考法三、语法填空有提示词为动词词类转换
如果所给动词既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则一般应进行词性转换，通常加后缀变为名词。常见的动词变
名词的后缀有以下几种。
常见后缀 例词
-ment development，achievement，argument，movement，amazement 等
-ion/-ation relation，addiction，intention，determination，transportation，communication等
-ing meeting，greeting，drawing，painting，parking，writing 等
-er/-or/-ar waiter，farmer，worker，teacher，reporter，sailor，survivor，liar，beggar等
-ance/-ence assistance，importance，performance，existence，acceptance等
-al survival，arrival，approval，refusal，proposal 等
[针对训练]
1. (2022·全国甲)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental
___________(protect).
2. A possible ________(win) for “Best Pun” might show Peter Rabbit，the character from The Tale of Peter Rabbit，
with a tail made of marshmallow fluff(棉花糖).
3. Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own ________(survive).
[Keys: 1. protection 2. winner 3. survival ]
二、语法填空有提示词类为名词
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}技法一 如何确定名词的词形变化
考查方向 解题思路
1.有数词或者these，those，several，many，all，both，various，a number of 等词修
饰时，名词用复数形式。
名词变复数
2.前有“one of”修饰时，名词用复数形式。
3.若谓语动词是复数形式，则作主语的名词用复数形式。
提示词与后面的名词为所属关系，应考虑名词所有格。单数名词或不以s 结尾的复
名词所有格
数名词，在词尾加‟s；以s结尾的单数或者复数名词，在词尾加‟。
提示词为名词，如果作定语修饰后面的名词或前面有比较级修饰，则一般考查名词
变形容词。一般在名词词尾加后缀-able；-al；-ful；-en；-y；-less；-ly；
名词变形容词
-ous等构成形容词，如：terrible，national，useful，wooden，healthy，careless，monthly，
dangerous等。
提示词为名词，如果作谓语或非谓语，则一般考查名词变动词。在名词词尾加后缀
名词变动词 -en；-ize或前缀en-等构成动词，如：strengthen，apologize，encourage，endanger
等。
[针对训练]
1. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we
_________(human) are.
2. “Making coins was one of the greatest financial ________(activity) in human history，” said researchers，adding
that it allowed wealth to be traded easily.
3. These Yungang __________________(researcher) attempt is a good example of technology helping to preserve
cultural heritage.
4. (2021·全国乙)Provide _________(finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}5. (2022·全国甲)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___________ (meaning).
[Keys: 1. humans 2. activities 3. researchers‟ 4. financial 5. meaningful ]
三、语法填空有提示词类为代词
考查方向 解题思路
1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语时，应考虑人称代词主格(I，we，you，he，she，it，
they等)形式。
人称代词
2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少宾语或表语时应考虑人称代词宾格(me，us，you，him，
her，it，them等)形式。
1.提示词为代词，当句子缺少定语时，应考虑形容词性物主代词(my，our，your，his，
her，its，their等)形式。
物主代词
2.提示词为代词，当句子缺少主语或宾语，且表示拥有者时，应考虑名词性物主代词
(mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，theirs等)形式。
提示词为代词，当该词作动词或介词的宾语或表语，且和主语是同一人时，应考虑反
反身代词 身代词(myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves
等)形式。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}[针对训练]
1. She showed _______(they) the microwave，water dispenser(饮水机) and refrigerator in the space kitchen.
2. All ____(we) yuanxiao are handmade，because it is the only way to maintain the traditional flavor.
3. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)As the song goes，this long and winding road “will never disappear”，and it will always stick
in the visitor‟s memory. It sure does in ______(I).
4. Although several hundred people have claimed ___________(they) as eyewitnesses of some giant apelike
creatures in Shennongjia，there is no tangible evidence to confirm the existence of a “wild man”.
[Keys: 1. them 2. our 3. mine 4. themselves ]
四、语法填空有提示词类为形容词
考查方向 解题思路
1.若空格处的词修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，应考虑副词形式。
形容词变副词、名词
2.若空格处在动词前作主语或介词或形容词后作宾语，应考虑名词形式。
形容词、副词变反义 根据句意和前后逻辑关系，确定句意表否定时，可以添加否定前缀(il-，
词 un-，im-，dis-等)或否定后缀(-less等)变为反义词。
1.空前有much，far，still，even，rather，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal，
than等标志性词时应考虑用比较级。
形容词、副词变比较 2.句型“the＋比较级...，the＋比较级...”表示“越„„，就越„„”。
级 3.句型“比较级＋and＋比较级”表示“越来越„„”。
4.“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级含义。
5.句中如果没有标志词，但暗含比较级的意思，也需要用比较级。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}1.设空后有表示范围的标志词in，of，among等时，用最高级。
形容词、副词变最高
2.设空前有one of the，the＋序数词等修饰词时，用最高级。
级
3.句中如果没有标志词，但暗含最高级的意思，也需要用最高级。
[针对训练]
1. (2022·浙江1月)On a website called No Fly Climate Sci，for example，________(rough) 200 academics—many
of them climate scientists—have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
2. (2020·全国Ⅲ)Filled with _________(curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.
3. Over the past decades，the country has lost more than 30% of its forest cover due to _______(legal) logging.
4. (2021·浙江6月)When the house was built，it was much _______(small) than it is today.
5. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the
_______(hot) the spring！
6. China‟s new-generation high-speed train，the Fuxing Hao，is now one of the _______(fast) trains in the world.
7. (2022·全国甲)In the last five years，Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he
reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa‟s ________(high) mountain.
[Keys: 1. roughly 2. curisoity 3. illegal 4. smaller 5. hotter 6. fastest 7. highest]
五、语法填空自由填空为连接词
技法一 如何确定并列连词
考查方向 解题思路
1.表示并列或递进关系的有：and，both...and...，not only...but (also)...等。
2.表 示 选 择 关 系 的 有：or，either...or...，not...but...等。
并列连词 分析关系
3.表示转折或对比关系的有：but，while等。
4.表示因果关系的有：so，for等。
1.“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”
2.be doing...when...
并列连词 固定句型 3.be about to do...when...
4.be on the point of doing...when...
5.had just done...when...
[针对训练]
1. Only a few primate species sing，____ they are precious resources in our search for the evolutionary origins of
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}human musicality.
2. He didn‟t receive an award for his honesty _____ he did go from litter to glitter (闪光) in just one week.
4. We were sleeping ______ we heard the dog barking crazily outside.
5. Work more efficiently _____ you will have more time for the rest and relaxation.
6. Get down to your work at once ____ you will be fired.
[Keys: 1. so 2. but 3. when 4. and 5. or]
技法二 如何确定定语从句的关系词
考查方向 解题思路
1.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作主语时，可以用关系词that或who。
2.先行词指人且所填关系词在从句中作宾语时，可以用关系词that或whom或who，也
可以不填。
3.先行词指物且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，可以用关系词that或which。
关系代词 4.先行词指人或物且所填关系词在从句中作定语时，可以用关系词whose。
5.在非限制性定语从句中不能用关系词that。
6.在非限制性定语从句中，如果先行词是前面的整个句子或句子的一部分时，可以用关
系词as或which。as译为“正如”；which译为“这一点，这件事”，表明事物的状态
或结果。
先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作状语时，可以用关系词
when，where或why。
关系副词
注意：先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词且所填关系词在从句中作主语或宾语时，
可以用关系词that或which。
1.关系词依据先行词来确定，如果先行词指人，用whom；如果先行词指物，用which；
介词＋关
如果先行词指人或物，且关系词在从句中作定语，则用whose。
系词
2.介词根据以下原则来确定：(1)与先行词的搭配；(2)与从句谓语的搭配。
注意 常见的只用that而不用which的情况：
(1)先行词指物是不定代词或者被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。
Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?
(2)先行词指物被序数词、形容词最高级或the only，the very，the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不
用which。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.
This is the only thing that we can do now.
(3)先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。
The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all.
(4)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也作表语时，关系代词通常只用that。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.
[针对训练]
1. (2022·浙江1月)Kim Cobb，a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta，is one of a small but
growing minority of academics _________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
2. And the most popular of all is an 8-inch-tall stuffed animal version of the Beijing Olympics mascot—Bing Dwen
Dwen，a rotund panda ______ suit is made of ice.
3. (2020·天津改编)____ is described in paragraph 4，taking a small kid to a half-hour Story Time allows the parent
to enjoy quiet reading.
4. (2024·陕西渭南二模)In most Chinese tea villages，March is the time of year _____ locals start to pick and
process tea.
5. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ____ which we may return in the near future.
6. The old lady had one son and two daughters，none of ______ treated her well，which made her very sad.
7. I‟d appreciate my teacher very much without _______ help I couldn‟t win the award.
[Keys: 1. that/which 2. whose 3. As 4. when 5. to 6. whom 7. whose]
技法三 如何确定名词性从句的连接词
考查方向 解题思路
分析句子结构，若待填的连接词不作任何成分也没有任何意思，只起连接作用，要考
从属连词that
虑连接词that；若表示“是否”的意思，要考虑连接词whether；if可以用于引导宾语
和whether/if
从句。
分析句子结构，若从句缺少主语、宾语、表语，要用连接代词what，who，whom，
连接代词
which，whose，whatever等。
分析句子结构，若从句缺少状语，要用连接副词where (表地点)，when (表时间)，how
连接副词
(表方式或程度)，why (表原因)等。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}形式主语和
在名词性从句中it作形式主语或形式宾语。其用法在前面代词讲解时已经提到。
形式宾语it
名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析句子结构，先找出主句的谓语动词，
谓语动词之前的从句为主语从句，动词和介词后的为宾语从句，系动词后的为表语从句，名词后的从句且
对名词内容加以解释的从句为同位语从句。判断出从句以后，再根据以下技法确定连接词。
[针对训练]
1.(2019·全国Ⅰ)While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence _____ they range all the way across the Arctic，
and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
2.(2022·江西萍乡二检)_________ anyone actually believes in a causal relationship between eating these foods
and receiving the promised benefits or not is unclear.
3.(2022·山西晋中一模)With magnificent natural scenery civilization，the tourist area lies along _____ may be the
most charming section of the upper reaches(上游) of the Yellow River.
4.(2020·全国Ⅲ)In ancient China lived an artist _____ paintings were almost lifelike.
5.That is _____ you have to overcome your laziness if you want to be outstanding in life.
6. Finally，the motto also represents a series of patterns of ______ countries should work together.
7.It is likely _______ FAST will help make many new Nobel-level discoveries.
8.It is warned ____ the pandemic could create a “lost” generation who will be affected by “lifelong” mental
illnesses.
[Keys: 1. that 2. Whether 3. what 4. whose 5. why 6. how 7. that 8.that ]
技法四 如何确定状语从句的连接词
考查方向 解题思路
根据句意确定是什么状语从句从而确定连接词，常见的状语从句的连接词有：
1.时间状语从句while/when/as/since/before/after/until
状语从句 2.条件状语从句if/unless/once
的连接词 3.让步状语从句though/although/while/as
4.地点状语从句where
5.原因状语从句because/since/as
状语从句 根据固定句型来确定状语从句的连接词，常见的固定句型有：
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}的连接词 so/such...that... not...until...
It will/won‟t be＋...＋before... It was＋...＋before...
It is some time＋since... whether...or not...
no sooner...than... hardly...when...
[针对训练]
1._____ a keystone species disappears, other plants and animals may die off and not grow back.
2. ______ I got my first library card in the mid-1950s, my appreciation for the institution developed quickly.
3. __________________ it is normal for you to want only the best for yourselves, that is the source of your
problems and stress.
4.(2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the house, it was raining ____ hard that we couldn‟t help wondering how long it
would take to get there.
5.If you don‟t understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people _____ you figure it out.
6.(2021·天津改编)We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it‟s at work, at home, or at school.
[Keys: 1. If 2. When 3. Though/Although/While 4. so 5. until 6. whether ]
四、语法填空有提示词类为冠词、代词、介词
技法一 如何确定填冠词
考查方向 解题思路
1.在文中第一次提到可数名词单数时，一般为泛指，用不定冠词a/an。
2.在序数词前，表示“又一，再一”时，用不定冠词a/an。
不定冠词a/an
3.a一般用于发音以辅音音素开头的名词前，an一般用于发音以元音音素开头
的名词前(注意：并不是指辅音字母或者元音字母开头的单词)。
1.第二次及以后提到时表特指，用定冠词the。
2.当名词后有定语修饰时，多数情况用定冠词the。
3.用在序数词或最高级前或有only，very，same等修饰的名词前。
定冠词the 4.用在“逢十”的年代前，表示“在某世纪几十年代”。
5.用于表示姓氏的复数名词前，表示“一家人”或“夫妇俩”。
6.用于世界上独一无二的事物前。
7.用于被演奏的西洋乐器前。
固定搭配 2.与定冠词the连用的常用短语：
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}on the other hand by the way take the place of...
in the front of... all over the world at the end of
the same (...) as by the end of... in the beginning
at the same time at the beginning of... at the moment
[针对训练]
1.(2020·全国Ⅲ改编)In ancient China lived ____ artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.
2.Liuzhou luosifen，___ soup dish，is named by some people as “durian(榴莲) of soup” for its strong smell.
3.Wang is China‟s second woman in space，after Liu Yang made history by joining ____ Shenzhou-9 spacecraft in
2012.
4.Designed and constructed to ______ highest ever standards for green and sustainable housing，the three villages
will be able to accommodate 5,500 athletes and team officials.
5. The Antarctic is ____ only region in the world that has never been home to human civilization.
6.In a sometimes callous(冷漠的) world where people can be so focused on what they‟re doing，a random act of
kindness can make ____ difference.
7.A study showed that an 80-year-old Tsimané person has ____ same cardiovascular(心血管的) age as an
American in his mid-50s.
[Keys: 1. an 2. a 3. the 4. so 5. the 6. a 7. the ]
技法二 如何确定填代词
考查方向 解题思路
1.如果空格前出现了单数名词，并且空格处作主语或宾语，可根据指代的情况用he，
she，it或者him，her，it。
2.如果空格前出现了复数名词，并且空处作主语或宾语，可根据指代的情况用they
代词的指
或them。
代用法
3.如果前面出现了单数名词或者不可数名词，后面再次提到而且是特指，用that。
4.如果前面出现了复数名词，后面再次提到而且是特指，用those。
5.如果前面出现了单数名词，后面再次提到而且是泛指同名不同物的东西用one。
1.指代天气、时间、距离等。
it的用法 2.用作形式主语或形式宾语。
3.it用在一些固定句型和固定用法中。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}考查方向 解题思路
注意 (1)常用it作形式主语的句型有：
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他
It＋be＋adj.＋of/for sb. ＋to do sth.
It is no good/no use/useless/a waste of time doing sth.
It is a pity/a fact/no wonder/adj.＋that...
It seems/appears/turns out/occurs to sb. ＋that...
It is said/reported/believed/...＋that...
It takes sb. some time/money to do sth.
(2)常用it作形式宾语的句型有：
主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/make/keep/...＋it＋补语＋to do sth. /that...
主语＋like/hate/love/appreciate/...＋it＋从句
(3)固定用法：
when it comes to...当谈到„„
as sb. puts it正如某人所言
make it成功
[针对训练]
1.However，the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months，more than 25,000 people were
using ___ every day.
2.No bread eaten by a man is so sweet as _____ earned by his own labor.
3.He skimmed the pages quickly，then read ______ again more carefully.
4.If you‟re buying today‟s paper from the stand，could you get _____ for me？
5.However，____ was not until three decades later that Zhi left the village and went to an even more remote village
school in the mountains.
6.____ is believed that there will be 2.5 billion automobiles worldwide by 2050.
7.I couldn‟t have made ____ through those times without the support of my parents.
[Keys: 1. it 2. that 3. them 4. one 5. it 6. It 7. it ]
技法三 如何确定填介词
当空格后出现的是名词、代词或者动名词，且这些词不作主语、宾语或者表语时，需要考虑填介词。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}年月周前要用in，日子前面却要禁。遇到几号要用on，上午下午又是in。
时间名词前的介词 要说某日上下午，用on换in才能行。午夜黄昏须用at，黎明用它也不错。
at也用在时分前。
表示地点和方式的介 在„„里，用in；在„„上，用on；穿过„„，用through/across；通过„„
词 方式，用by；借助„„工具，用with等。
by accident，in trouble，in spite of，in honour of，in search of，in vain，in turn，
“介词＋n.”搭配
in return，at risk，on board，on average等。
remind sb. of sth. ，rob sb. of sth. ，go back to/date from，exchange...for...，
“vi.＋介词”搭配
run out of，account for，agree with 等。
be known as，be curious about，be proud of，be rich in，be devoted to，be fond
“adj.＋介词”搭配
of 等。
[针对训练]
1.(2021·全国甲)It was built originally to protect the city __________ the Tang dynasty and has now been
completely restored(修复).
2.(2020·浙江7月)Some time after 10,000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived
________，through agriculture.
3.Morgan says that it is time that people stopped standing by and recording on their phones when they see someone
____ trouble.
4.Born in Nanchang City in 1961，Zhi applied to work as a teacher at the primary school in Niyang village after
graduation，though her mother strongly disagreed ______ her.
5.This route，known ____ the Great Ring Line，was also built by CRCC，and was the first European subway project
designed by a Chinese company.
[Keys: 1. in/during 2. in 3. in 4. with 5. as ]
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【考前技能篇 5】七选五试题的解题技巧
阅读七选五主要考查考生对文章整体内容、结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和把握。考试形式是在一
段约300词的短文中留出5个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通
顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
1.选文以说明文为主，记叙文、议论文为辅。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。
2.话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。
【高考考向】
年份 卷别 体裁 类别 主题 段首 段中 段尾 选项特指 字数
新高考I卷 说明文 人与自我 学会自我原谅的办法 0 4 1 完整句 247+82
2023
新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 开启艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 完整句 261+63
新高考I卷 说明文 人与社会 如何找到健身伙伴 0 4 1 完整句 257+76
2022
新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 写文章好修改技巧 1 4 0 完整句 237+74
新高考I卷 记叙文 人与社会 巴黎一周生活经历 1 4 0 完整句 270+83
2021
新高考II卷 说明文 人与社会 提高阅读速度建议 1 2 2 完整句 250+75
2020 新高考I卷 记叙文 人与社会 公开演讲的一些原则 1 3 1 完整句 235+73
【思维导图】
考法一：考查小标题句
【真题示例】(2023•全国甲卷39题)
Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}…
●Practice gratitude (感激)
…
● Make yourself wait
…
● 39 .
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience
something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to yourself,
“ 40(This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable) .” You‟ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They‟re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
39. 答题思路：
第一步：观察标题特征。结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知答案在选项A、B、C中选择。
第二步：寻找关键信息。在段落中寻找同义词、近义词或反义词等关键词。根据本段内容“So many of us have
the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience something outside of our
comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. (我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，
当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，
第三步：锁定最佳答案。本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C选项中uncomfortable对应后文comfortable。故
C选项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。
【学以致用】 (2022•全国乙卷39题)
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance
friendships.
·Set a regular date
..
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}·More isn‟t always merrier
…
·Practise empathy (共情)
…
· 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends‟ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don‟t rely on technology alone
…
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
39. 答题思路：
第一步：观察标题特征。结合前文的小标题都是祈使句可知答案在选项A、B中选择。
第二步：寻找关键信息。在段落中寻找同义词、近义词或反义词等关键词。分析文章结构可知，设空处的
内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more
weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。）讲的是诸如周年
纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，
第三步：锁定最佳答案。下文最后一句Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends‟ birthdays and other
important dates 中 friends‟ birthdays 和other important dates 与标题 Remember important dates 呼应。由此推知，
这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，故选A。
【技能提炼】
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}考法二：考查段首主题句/过渡句
高考七选五段首句题占0-1题，根据特定语境，可能是段落主题句，也可能是小标题句和段落之间过渡
句。学会先观察其余标题句特点做到心中有数，然后借助于标题句和空后内容进行提炼加工。
【真题示例】(2023•新高考II卷39题)
…
▪Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration
and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.…
▪Paint often and paint from life. There‟s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether you
paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible.…
▪Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 18 Get out of your comfort zone. Artistic growth can be a
bit painful. Welcome to the club; we‟ve all been there. I love taking on challenges.
▪_ 39 _ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on
social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter
my level of artistic ability.
…
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don‟t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You‟ll hit roadblocks, and you‟ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You‟ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
39题解题思路:
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
分析设空处位置特点，该空位于段首，是本段的中心句或主旨句，同时联系其他段落首句，发现都是祈使
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}句。因此推断该空需要一个段落主题句，且是祈使句开头。
第二步：关注下句和关键词。
根据后一句“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level
of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因
此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，本段主要讲
述了是分享自己的作品。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
综合上述信息，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
(如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
【学以致用】 (2022•全国甲卷39题)
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 36 Don‟t get caught making
an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with
friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
…
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
…
Making Requests
39 . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don‟t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
…
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don‟t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It‟s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
39题答题思路：
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
第39空上有小标题，属于段落主旨句，因此设空位置处于小标题和段落之间的承上启下过渡句。
第二步：承上启下上挂下联。
根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal,
this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. Similarly, in
Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. (在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你
不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪)”可推知，在一些国家，
用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很
简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些
国家是无礼的。故选G。
【技能提炼】
考法三：考查段中瞻前顾后型
从2020到2023年高考考情统计表和高三教学实际来看，段中设空题数量多（2-4题）、难度大（涉
及前后句逻辑关系）、区分度好而备受命题者青睐，同时也是考生失分重灾区，务必引起重视。
【真题示例】 (2023•新高考I卷39题)
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don‟t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. 36 It‟s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. You can use the following writing exercise to
help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring? Creative?
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don‟t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality
that you‟re proud of.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It‟s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn‟t mean you have to ignore what‟s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn‟t a fixed aspect of your personality.
37题解题思路：
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。
第二步：关注段首句和上文。
根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上写上“个人
优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don‟t have
to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you‟re proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？
是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”
可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
注意选项和文本同义转换：put the heading=list, personal strengths= characteristics you like about yourself. 选项
B “Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下
文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
【学以致用1】 (2023•新高考II卷40题)
As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I‟m often asked by curious followers how to begin an art
journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete
beginner. So I‟ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
…
The journey you‟re on won‟t follow a straight path. 40 Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don‟t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You‟ll hit roadblocks, and you‟ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You‟ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
40题解题思路：
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。
第二步：关注段首句和上文。
分析设空处，空处位于段落第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据前文“The journey
you‟re on won‟t follow a straight path. (你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路)”以及后文“Push through, give it time
and put in the effort. You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. (坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获
艺术生活的回报)”可知，E项“You‟ll hit roadblocks, and you‟ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时
你会感到气馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
结合上下文，E项“You‟ll hit roadblocks, and you‟ll feel discouraged at times. (你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气
馁)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E项。
【学以致用2】(2023•全国甲卷38题)
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research
suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of
waiting is to practice. 38 . Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes
before going for that cake. You‟ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply it to other,
more annoying situations.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They‟re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
38题解题思路：
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
该空明显位于段落中间，属于段中句类型。
第二步：关注段首句和上文。
根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice. (我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法
就是练习)”以及后文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going
for that cake. (把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕)”可知，后文列举的事情都
是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B选项“从小任务开始”符合语境。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
结合语境，后文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故 B 选项“从小任务开始”符合
语境，故选B。
【技能提炼】
考法四：考查首段段尾过渡句型
【真题示例】(2023•新高考II卷36题)
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter
very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more
quickly. 36
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}the book should be at the right distance from your eyes….
…
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to learn something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
36题答题思路：
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
该空明显位于第一段段尾，属于段尾句类型。
第二步：关注文章结构和上一句。
根据上文“If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not
matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read
more
quickly.（如果你唯一的阅读是小说或杂志，那么你阅读的速度可能并不重要。但是，如果你必须大量阅读
来学习，你就会感激能够更快地阅读的好处。）”可知，接下来要介绍提高阅读速度的方法。D项：Here
are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助提高阅读速度的建议。）符合语境。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
过渡句典型句式Here are….。D项：Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.（这里有一些帮助
提高阅读速度的建议。）符合语境。故选D。
【学以致用1】(2022•新高考I卷36题)
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-distance
friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one
another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 36 .
A. Remember important dates
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
36题答题思路：
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
该空明显位于第二段段尾，属于段尾句类型。
第二步：关注段落标题和上一句。
上文“With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.”（平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。）讲
的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D 项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去”
给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
小标题+同义复现。上一句讲的是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D 项“尽量找个双方都有空的
时间去打电话，并坚持下去”给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。同义转换 Set a regular
date= find a time that works for both of you and stick to it。故选D。
【学以致用2】 (2017•全国III卷39题)
Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning and put the blame on the alarm clock. In fact, the key to
easy morning wake-up lies in resting your body clock. 36 A better plan for sleep can help. Here is how to make one.
• 37 Find the right motivation…
• Rethink mornings. …
• Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends. If you‟re tired out by Friday night, sleeping in on Saturday
could sound wonderful. But compensating (弥补) on the weekends actually feeds into your sleepiness the following
week, a recent study found. 39 .
A．Get a sleep specialist.
B．Find the right motivation.
C．A better plan for sleep can help.
D．And consider setting a second alarm.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}E．If the steps you take are working, keep it up.
F．Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time, no matter the day it is.
G．Reconsider the 15 minutes you spend in line at the cafe to get coffee.
39题答题思路：
第一步：观察设空位置特点。
该空明显位于第四段段尾，属于段尾句类型。
第二步：关注段落标题和上一句。
根据本段中心句“Keep your sleep/wake schedule on weekends.(周末保持你的睡眠/起床时间表)”可知，本段主
要建议人们在周末也要坚持自己的作息时间，上文“But compensating (弥补) on the weekends actually feeds
into your sleepiness the following week, a recent study found(但最近的一项研究发现，周末的补偿实际上会让你
在接下来的一周更加困倦。)”指出如果周末没有保持自己的作息时间，而是多睡觉，这实际上让自己下周更
困倦，由此可知，此处强调我们应该要保持自己的作息时间，F项“Stick to your set bedtime and wake-up time,
no matter the day it is.(不管是哪一天，都要坚持你设定的睡觉时间和起床时间。)”符合，对上文做出总结。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
段首主题句+段尾总结句与之呼应。此处强调我们应该要保持自己的作息时间，F项“Stick to your set bedtime
and wake-up time, no matter the day it is.(不管是哪一天，都要坚持你设定的睡觉时间和起床时间。)”符合，对
上文做出总结，故选F。
【技能提炼】
考法五：考查残缺主句或从句
【真题示例】(2021•全国乙卷36题)
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it‟s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a
dinner party.
_ 36 , if you‟re out of your comfort zone or if you‟re wandering into somebody‟s house for the first time. So
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won‟t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
36题答题思路：
第一步：观察设空句子特点。
该空空格后边有个逗号，后边的but非常醒目，表明这是一个残缺前一分句的并列句。
第二步：关注文章结构和上一句。
根据上文“it‟s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”可知，
下文应主要讲述如何在晚宴上让自己变得有趣。下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous,
trying different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和
陌生人交谈)”可推知，本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B
项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启下，符合题意。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
这里需要“形意兼顾”，既要考虑前边主句完整还要考虑逻辑一致。本段主要说明想在晚宴上让自己变得
有趣，就要勇于冒险，勇于探索。由此可知，B项“The first step is to go exploring(第一步是去探索)”承上启
下，B项符合题意。
【学以致用1】 (2023•全国乙卷36题)
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the unsung
heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people‟s wellbeing by
improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What‟s more, indoor plants are easy to
look after and are not very expensive.
36题答题思路：（并列句残缺前一分句）
第一步：观察设空句子特点。
该空空格后边有个逗号，后边的but非常醒目，表明这是一个残缺前一分句的并列句。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}第二步：关注文章结构和上一句。
根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people‟s wellbeing by improving their mood (心情),
reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强
记忆力来促进人们的健康)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。
由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
这里需要“形意兼顾”，既要考虑搭配完整还要考虑逻辑一致。此处与下文是递进关系，构成 not
only…but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B. Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂
亮)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。
【学以致用2】(2015•全国II卷38题)
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise to
take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. With each day,
increase the distance by a half mile. After two weeks, start timing yourself. Now you are ready to figure out a goal
of improving distance and time. Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the
remaining weeks before the race.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
38题答题思路：（简单句残缺介词短语或非谓语）
第一步：观察设空句子特点。
该空空格后边有个逗号，后边的简单句非常醒目，表明这是一个残缺的简单句。
第二步：关注段落标题和后半句。
根据上文中的"During the first week"及下文中的"take a day off to rest"可推知,此处指六天后休息一天。
第三步：去伪存真锁定答案。
结合语境，"During the first week"及下文中的"take a day off to rest"可推知,此处指六天后休息一天，故选A。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【技能提炼】
考法六：考查词语复现技巧
复现是为保证文章前后衔接而经常使用的一种写作手段,即作者在文章上下文不同的位置对同一个概
念进行重复描述。复现主要是指原词复现、同(近)义词复现、反义词复现、词汇同现等。
【真题示例】【2022新高考I卷】原词复现 notice
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she
wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also
listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. 39
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You‟ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
39. G。根据前文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included
what kind of training she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on
each session, and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. (我
的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，
每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”
可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以选择项G“Any notice
for a training partner should include such information. (任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上
下文语境。故选G。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【学以致用1】【2020全国I卷】同义词复现 little---small
38 . They're the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add
visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,
small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.
D. Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with
E. It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【解析】38. D。解此题可运用词汇复现法，该空后面的They're the little spots of color和D选项Small color
choice是同义词复现，所在段最后一句中的“small color choices”是D项“Small color choices”的原词复现。
故答案是D。
【学以致用2】（2021·全国甲卷38题）近义词复现 “new” clothes= clothes in good condition
Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. Less people than that, and there may not be enough things to
choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
38 . They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F. Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【解析】38. G。本题考查近义词复现。本段空白后“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry
their „new‟ clothes home.”讲他们还应准备大量的可回收的袋子，来把“新”衣服带回家。其中的“clothes”原
词复现是解题提示，同时“new”表明衣服应该是好的，对应G选项中的“clean”“in good condition”。
【学以致用3】（2020·全国II卷39题）反义词复现friendlier和unfriendly
While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for those used to working with traditional tools
like email, it may feel like a learning curve（曲线）. The good news is that it‟s simple to learn and can be worth the
effort.
There is also the matter of tone（语气）. Who hasn‟t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?
39 . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}encouraging smile.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E. Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F. Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G. An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
39. B。根据前句“ Who hasn‟t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day? (谁没有收到过毁掉
了一整天的邮件呢？)”和后文介绍表情的优点，可知，这里陈述电子邮件的缺点。
【学以致用4】（2021全国乙卷40题）同根词复现awkward和 awkwardness
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you're faced with an awkward silence at a
dinner party，the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬).
40 . Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who has had too much to drink or won't stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【解析】40. G。本段主要讲面对“dinner-party killer：awkward silence”(晚宴杀手：尴尬的沉默)时应该怎
么办。根据空前的“the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞
扬)”可知，解决办法是赞扬晚宴的主人，G项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that
awkwardness the most”(他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人)符合语境。G选项中的“He or she”指代the host，
“awkwardness”同义复现也是解题提示。故答案是G。
【技能提炼】
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}考法七：考查代词指代技巧
【真题示例】（2023新高考I卷39题）人称代词they
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. 39 That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don‟t wait
until you‟ve made a mistake to try this—it‟s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It‟s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn‟t mean you have to ignore what‟s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn‟t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【解析】39.根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the
aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与
众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交
换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”
符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可
以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文
“In fact, don‟t wait until you‟ve made a mistake to try this—it‟s a great way to boost self-confidence at any
time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的
“this”一致。故选C。
【学以致用】（2018全国I卷37+38+39题）代词指代
Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}point. 37 , they can get a little complex. But good news is that there‟re really only three kinds of decisions
you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.
38 . They‟re the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add
visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa,
small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable. Medium color choices are
generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves. 39 . They require a bigger commitment
than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.
A．While all of them are useful
B．Whatever you're looking for
C．If you're experimenting with a color
D．Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with
E．It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F．So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【解析】37. A。代词线索题。空格后的they指代上文中的techniques，且与A项中的all of them相呼应，
代入A项“尽管它们都很有用”，符合语境。结合第二段第一句中的"a number of different techniques"以及
最后一句给出的三种设计方案可知，此处表示"虽然这些技巧非常有用，但它们会有一点复杂"，故A项符
合语境。
【解析】38. D。代词线索题。第二段最后一句出现了"the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones"，
第三段提到了"small color choices"，由此可知空处所在段主要在讲"the small ones"，故选D。
【解析】39. G。代词线索题。第四段最后一句提到了"a bigger commitment than smaller ones"和"a more
powerful effect"可知，此处是和上文中的"small color choices"作对比，故选G。
【技能提炼】
考法八：考查逻辑关系技巧
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【真题示例】（2013全国I卷38+40题）总分关系
Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the
operations of a business. 38 One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to
production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. 39 The third relates to
the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision(监管)
and guidance by the management in authority. 40
A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.
B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.
C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.
D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.
E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.
F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.
G. Planning in business management has three main aspects.
【解析】38. G。前句解释了商业管理的概念，下文为商业管理中规划所包含的三个方面，与G项中的"three
main aspects"相一致。故选G。
【解析】39. E。前一句为第一个方面，后一句为第三个方面，显然本句应介绍第二个方面。故选E。
【解析】40. A。第二段的第一句介绍了商业管理中的三个技巧，分别是 planning, direction和control。接
下来已经介绍了前两个技巧，最后一个技巧"control"还未提及，所以本空应涉及control的内容。故选A。
【学以致用1】（2019全国II卷39题）解释关系
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your
beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible. 39 They also need to be measurable.
You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【解析】39. E。根据空格前的goals are flexible可知，目标是灵活的，E项“它们可以根据情况而改变”对其
进行了解释，故选E项。
【学以致用2】（2023新高考I卷37题）例证关系
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring? Creative?
Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don‟t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality
that you‟re proud of.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It‟s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn‟t mean you have to ignore what‟s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn‟t a fixed aspect of your personality.
37.根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ”(在日记或纸上
写上“个人优点”。)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around?
They don‟t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you‟re proud of.(你有爱心吗？
有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中
让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项 B“Now list all the
characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内
容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
【学以致用3】（2016全国II卷38题）并列关系
Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are
concerned about using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers (肥料). 38
However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from
our earliest years.
A. Know why you garden
B. Find a good place for your own garden
C. It‟s our experience of the garden that matters
D. It‟s delightful to see so many beautiful flowers
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}E. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants
F. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, too
G. For each of those gardens, writer down the strongest memory you have
38. E。由本段中的第一句Some ...，第二句的Others ...，可锁定E项中的Still others ...，它们之间为并列
关系，故选E项。
【学以致用4】（2023全国甲卷37题）递进关系
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
37 . “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They‟re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
37.根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even
more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观)”以及后文
““Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California. (加州
大学的研究员叶丽说：“表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。”)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本
句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E选项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E选
项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。also表示递进关系。
【学以致用5】（2022全国乙卷40题）转折关系
·Don‟t rely on technology alone
40 , but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.
Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
40. F。设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more
conscious effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。）
讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而 F 项“朋友之间很容
易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句
“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don‟t
rely on technology alone”（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F。
【学以致用6】（2020新高考卷38题）因果关系
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is
the one who is speaking. People‟s attention wanders constantly. In fact. most people only absorb about 20 percent
of a speaker‟s message. So, don‟t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it‟s a truly serious one. 38
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don‟ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E. The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F. Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G. However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
【解析】38. C。根据上文中的“So，don‟t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it‟s a truly serious
one.”可知，当你犯错时不要停止演讲，除非是非常严重的错误。据此可以推知，空处承接上文，说明犯小
错误无需道歉，故C项正确。
【技能提炼】
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【考前技能篇 6】短文改错的解题技巧
一、短文改错思维导图
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}二、短文改错解题步骤
1．通览全文，把握大意
正确理解短文内容，准确把握大意是识别和纠正错误的前提和条件。因此，有必要在动笔之前，快速
阅读全文，理清逻辑关系，形成整体印象后，再综合运用已有的语言基础知识着手改错。对短文的首句或
前几句所交代的时间、地点、背景以及全文的主体时态应予以特别重视。
2．逐行分析，分句判断
英语短文改错一般“题以行出，错从句生”，因此必须以句子而不是以每行为意义单位来分析。分析复
合句查连词，分析主句、从句和简单句查句法和语法错误，最后分析组成句子的各部分查词法错误。判断
时务必要结合短文内容瞻前顾后，仔细斟酌，反复推敲，尤其要注意上下文之间是否连贯、统一，行文逻
辑是否符合习惯，结构搭配是否和谐等。
3．由易到难，各个击破
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}纠错时要从最简单最熟悉的项目入手，进行观察、分析、纠正。遇到不好改的难句时，既不要因无从
下手而被拦路虎吓倒，畏缩不前，也不要因急于求成而草率行事，匆匆改就。此时，不妨将其“束之高阁”，
继续往下做。多数题目做完后，个别难题或许就能根据上下文提供的信息迎刃而解。实在难以改正的，也
许就是正确无误的行，可留待最后通盘考虑，再最后敲定。
4．复读全文，弥补疏漏
这是短文改错的最后也是关键的一步。上述步骤完成后，要继续本着“有错必改，有误必纠”的原则
复读全文，仔细检查语言是否规范，意思是否连贯，句子是否合乎逻辑，错误类型比例是否恰当，答题是
否规范等等，以确保每行每句正确无误。
三、短文改错词法错误
词法错误在高考短文改错中复现率达百分之百，其错误设置主要集中在名词、冠词、代词、介词、
形容词、副词等词类误用、易混词辨析、固定搭配错误等方面。
【归纳 1】名词使用错误
名词使用错误在高考短文改错中几乎每篇必考，热点有：名词单复数错误；不可数名词误用；名
词作定语及名词所有格误用等。
【典例1】Last Thursday, we had class meeting to discuss where to go for our spring outing.
【分析】class meeting表示“班会”，是可数名词，因此“举行一个班会”应说have a class meeting。
【典例2】The subject discussed at the meeting included: pollution, population and wildlife protection.
【分析】subject常用作可数名词，表示“话题，科目”。依据冒号后面的内容推断话题不止一个，因此
应用复数形式subjects。
【归纳 2】冠词使用错误
冠词使用错误在高考短文改错中复现率接近100%，常考点有：单数可数名词前漏用不定冠词；抽
象名词具体化时，前边没有用不定冠词；固定搭配中漏用冠词；物质名词或抽象名词表示泛指时前边
应省略冠词；根据特定语境下需要表示特指或泛指时冠词误用等。
【典例1】I will learn more about history of the Olympics as well as the 2008 Olympic Games.
【分析】history表示“历史”学科时，前边省略冠词，但是这里表示“2008 年奥运会以及奥运会”的
历史，是特指概念，因此history前应加上定冠词the。
【典例2】It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a good time for all of us.
【分析】get in touch with sb.是固定搭配，表示“与„„取得联系”，因此应去掉冠词the。
【归纳 3】代词使用错误
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}代词在高考短文改错中所占比例不大，但由于隐蔽性强，难度较大，主要考点是：不定代词由于
含义、范围、搭配不同导致误用；代词的数、格、形与具体语境不协调造成错误等。
【典例1】I hope I can be a bridge between China and others countries in the future.
【分析】others用作代词，表示“其他人/物”，而这里后接名词 countries应用形容词other修饰。因此
应把others改为other。
【典例2】Getting out of the classroom is indeed necessary for we all.
【分析】走出教室对我们大家来说的确有必要。for是介词，后接代词作宾语应用其宾格。us all=all of all，
表示“我们大家”。
【典例3】Now, I fully understand how hard is to earn money.
【分析】现在我完全明白挣钱是多么困难。understand 后接 how 引导的感叹句，该句中应该用 it 作形
式主语，不定式短语是真正的主语。所以在is前加it。
【归纳 4】介词词使用错误
介词在英语中用法非常灵活，其考点主要集中在：常见介词误用；介词与名词、形容词、动词的
搭配错误等。
【典例1】I imagine you‟ll be at vacation yourself by that time.
【分析】be on vacation表示“在度假”，是固定搭配，因此应该把at改为on。
【典例2】Some students often listen to music among classes to refresh themselves.
【分析】among 用于三者以上，表示“在„„中”，between 常用于两者之间，有时还表示“三者
以上中两两之间”，这里强调“任意两节课之间”，因此应把among改为between。
【归纳 5】形容词、副词使用错误
高考短文改错形容词和副词的错误主要在于词类误用；比较结构不完整以及比较级或最高级前修
饰语误用等。
【典例1】Tired as we were, we all felt happily.
【分析】尽管我们很累，但是我们感到很高兴。feel, look, seem, taste, sound等连系动词后接形容
词构成“系表结构”。因此应把happily改为happy。
【典例2】After he read the letter, he suddenly realized that what he had done was real foolish.
【分析】修饰动词、形容词或副词应用副词，因此应把real改为really，表示“的确愚蠢”。
【典例3】Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as larger as that of theirs.
【分析】英语中倍数的表达方法之一是“倍数词+as„as...”结构，因为 as„as...形容词/副词原级
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}的比较，因此应把larger改为large。
四、短文改错句法错误
句法错误是高考短文改错必考点，考点内容复杂，主要涉及动词时态、语态、非谓语动词、情态
动词、主谓一致、短语动词等方面。统计表明，考生在句法方面的失分所占比例较高。因此考生应给
予足够的重视。
【归纳 1】动词时态语态使用错误
动词时态语态使用错误点集中在：语境化时态不一致；并列句谓语前后时态不一致；固定句型中
的时态；忽视语境要求该用被动语态没有用或者不该用却使用了等等。
【典例1】One day, the school held a party, where I invited to talk about Tianjin.
【分析】依据语境一天学校举办聚会，我被邀请谈谈天津的情况”，应用被动语态，又是描述过去
的行为。因此应在invited前加was。
【典例2】We choose the cheapest biscuits and ate them under a tree.
【分析】这是一个并列句，谓语动词在时态、语态方面应该保持一致。因此结合语境应把 choose
改为chose。
【归纳 2】非谓语动词使用错误
非谓语动词在高考短文改错中复现率达 100%，其热点集中在：过去分词和动词-ing 形式的区别；
to的误用；动词后接不定式和动名词的典型用法等。
【典例1】I am very exciting to learn that you‟re coming to Beijing for the Olympic.
【分析】exciting表示“令人激动的”，excited表示“感到激动的”。依据语境“得知你要来北京看奥运
会我感到很激动”，因此应把exciting改为excited。
【典例2】We‟d better not to miss the chance to enjoy it.
【分析】had better do sth.表示“最好做某事”，其否定形式是had better not do sth.。因此应去掉第一
个to。
【典例3】If you want to do it well, you need to find a good dancing teacher and taking lessons regularly.
【分析】要想做好这一点，你需要找一个舞蹈教师并经常上课。need 后接两个不定式作宾语，第
二个to可以省略，因此应把taking改为take。
【归纳 3】主谓一致错误
主谓一致考点很多，但概括起来只有三种，语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。
【典例1】 Both my parents miss you a lot. So do our friend, Cathy.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【分析】“so+谓语+主语”是倒装句，表示前边的情况也适合于后者。这里倒装句的主语是our friend，
单数意义，因此应把do改为does。
【典例2】Taking exercise every day help us build our bodies and keep a clear mind.
【分析】动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，因此应把help改为helps。
【归纳 4】词语搭配使用错误
词语搭配涉及的知识点比较多，主要有介词和名词的固定搭配；动词与介词或副词的搭配；形容
词与介词的搭配等。
【典例1】We students of today have to fix our attention on our lessons, and for a result, we know little of
society.
【分析】as a result是固定词组，表示“结果是”。因此应把for改为as。
【典例2】I have been told one more worker will be needed this year and I think you are fit it.
【分析】be fit for表示“适合于；称职”，因此应在fit后加for。
【归纳 5】句子累赘错误
句子累赘造成的错误在每年的高考短文改错中都会出现，而且隐蔽性较强。累赘词往往出现在考
生认为合理的地方，如修饰语、代词、介词、冠词累赘等，应引起足够重视。
【典例1】 My house is about three kilometers far away from the National Stadium.
【分析】be far away from表示“距离……很远”，若接一个具体的数字，则应用be …away from。因此
应去掉far。
【典例2】 I‟m sure you will find a job you like it best.
【分析】you like是定语从句，前边省略了关系代词that，因此it是多余的。
【典例3】The harder you study, the more greater progress you‟ll make.
【分析】 “The+比较级„„, the+比较级„„”是常用句型，表示“越„„，越„„”，因此, the more
greater是重复使用了比较级，应去掉more。
五、短文改错常见行文逻辑错误
行文逻辑错误在高考短文改错中所占比例不大，但复现率达100%。同时由于涉及到整个语篇，需
要考生整体把握和局部判断相结合，才能够提高命中率。
【归纳 1】前后句之间关联词引起的逻辑错误
前后句之间关联词引起的逻辑错误考点集中在：并列句中and和but的使用；各种从句的连接词等
等。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【典例1】Therefore, when we reached the top, we were shocked to see litter here and there.
【分析】依据语境逻辑特别是we were shocked to see，推断这里前后逻辑上表示转折关系。因此应
把Therefore修改为However。
【典例2】It was a pity which some of us were not present as they had gone abroad for further studies.
【分析】It was a pity that„表示“真遗憾„„”，It 是形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句。因此
应把which改为that。
【归纳 2】not引起的逻辑错误
not引起的逻辑关系错误主要集中在：依据语境该用否定形式（增加not）或者应该使用肯定形式(去
掉not)。
【典例1】I must work hard to improve my spoken English so that I will not be able to communicate
freely with foreigners.
【分析】结合语境，“我必须努力提高英语口语以便我能够和外国人自由交流”，so that 引导的目
的状语从句表示肯定形式，因此应去掉not。
【典例2】I've gained some social experience and I have learnt something that can be learnt from textbooks.
【分析】依据语境，“我学到一些课本上学不到的东西”，从句逻辑上表示否定意义，因此应在can后加
not。
【归纳 3】由比较结构引起的逻辑关系错误
比较结构引起的逻辑关系错误包括：该用比较级而没有用或者恰恰相反；比较的对象不协调、对
象不一致等。
【典例1】I wonder if you‟ll be free then so we could chat about the good older days.
【分析】这里仅表示“聊聊过去美好日子”，没有明显比较之意，因此应把older改为old。
【典例2】 The two men threw all their equipment into the water to make the balloon light.
【分析】两个男子把所有器材抛入水中使得气球变得更轻，含有比较之意，应把light改为lighter。
【典例3】Mr Smith owns a larger collection of coins than anyone I have ever met.
【分析】本句逻辑上表示“史密斯先生收集的硬币比我见到其他任何人都多”，原句逻辑上没有排
除史密斯先生，因此应在anyone后加else。
六、短文改错考点剖析
考法一： “不一致性”错误
谨记①主谓不一致;②时态、语态不一致;③名词的单复数不一致;④代词指代不一致;⑤搭配不一致等。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}例1．We have spent several precious weekend in learning in the English Club.
答案：weekend改为weekends
解析：several后面的 weekend应用复数形式。
考法二：“行文逻辑”错误
谨记①两种句式→并列句(并列连词)、复合句(从属连词);②六种关系→转折、选择、层递、并列、因果、同
位;③一种变化→语意的曲折变化,如:肯定与否定,方位与时空的转移等。
例2．We liked the dishes but we were happy to learn the English songs at the party.
答案：but改为and
解析：根据关键词liked the dishes和were happy可知前后两个并列分句在语意上是并列关系。
考法三：“平行结构”错误
谨记平行概念要使用相同的语法结构,即动词与动词相配、形容词与形容词相配、分词与分词相配、动词不
定式与动词不定式相配、短语与短语相配。
特 别 提 醒 : 平 行 结 构中 常 见 的 并 列 连词 and,but,or 及 短语 not only...but also.../ not... but.../
either...or.../neither...nor.../as well as等。
例3．It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.
答案：and 改为 or
解析：a visitor 和 a guest 应是选择关系，意思是“好像我的父母亲把我当作一个来访者或一个客人”。
考法四：“词性词形”错误
谨记名词的单复数变化、代词的词形变化以及形容词和副词的词形变化。要弄清词性与词性之间的相互修
饰关系,比如:形容词常修饰名词,副词常修饰形容词、动词、分词等。
例4．I‟m glad to say that anything has worked out well in our project.
答案：anything改为everything
解析：anything常用于否定句和疑问句,而句中强调高兴的原因是“一切(everything)”进展顺利。
考法五：“动词变化”错误
谨记动词时态和被动语态的词形变化、非谓语动词的词形变化以及第三人称单数词形变化等。
例5．The foreign teachers work hard to make the activities interesting us greatly.
答案：interesting改为interest
解析：us是宾格形式,在make sth.interest sb.结构中做interest的宾语。
考法六：“疑问词、关联词”错误
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}谨记what和how引导感叹句、which和that引导定语从句、抽象名词后面常常跟that引导的同位语从句等。
例6．The news what they won the match surprised us very much.
答案：what改为that
解析：the news后面应该是一个同位语从句,而且从句中不缺成分,意义完整。
考法七：“多词”错误
谨记①词义重叠;②介词多余;③助动词、系动词多余;④冠词多余;⑤定语从句中的成分重复导致多余;⑥程度
副词和频率副词,如 much,more,often等的多余;⑦小品词to多余等。
例7．I read your e-mail to my parents and show them the photo you sent it to me.
答案：去掉it
解析：分析句子结构可知先行词是the photo,sent的宾语是定语从句省略的引导词that/which,所以后面再加
it就重复了。
考法八：“缺词”错误
谨记①缺系动词;②缺介词;③缺冠词、物主代词等限定词;④在定语从句中缺关系代词或关系副词;⑤缺连接
词;⑥缺否定词;⑦缺不定式符号to等。
例8．As everyone knows,it‟s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals.
答案：famous mountain前面加不定冠词a。
解析：此处意为“一座名山”,含有数量“一座”的意思。
七、短文改错真题再现
【2023▪全国甲卷】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\) 划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I used to afraid of insects, but last Friday‟s biology class make a big change in me. In that class, Miss Zhao, our
biology teacher, showed we insects on stamps. The bees, butterfly and many other insects looked lovely and
beautifully on the stamps. Miss Zhao told us the names of the insects or described their living habits. She even played
some recordings of their singing, what was fun. Now, I‟ve come to love those of small living things. In the evening,
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}when I take the walk in the school garden, the singing of insects become more meaningful to me.
【答案】1. to后加be 2. make → made 3. we → us 4. butterfly → butterflies 5. beautifully → beautiful 6. or
→ and 7. what → which 8. 删除of 9. the → a 10. become → becomes
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使作者觉得昆虫也
很有趣。
【详解】1.考查固定短语。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。表示“害
怕……”短语为be afraid of，此处为used to do sth.。故to后添加be。
2.考查时态。句意：我过去害怕昆虫，但是上星期五的生物课使我发生了很大的变化。事情发生在上周五，
故用一般过去时。故make改为made。
3.考查代词。句意：在那节课上，我们的生物老师赵老师给我们看了邮票上的昆虫。作动词 show 的宾语，
应用宾格us。故we改为us。
4.考查名词的数。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。句意：根据上文The bees可知，
此处应用复数形式。故butterfly改为butterflies。
5.考查形容词。句意：蜜蜂、蝴蝶和许多其他昆虫在邮票上看起来可爱而美丽。系动词 lovely 后跟形容词
beautiful，作表语。故beautifully改为beautiful。
6.考查连词。句意：赵老师给我们讲了昆虫的名字，并描述了它们的生活习性。此处前后文为并列关系，
应用连词and。故or改为and。
7.考查定语从句。句意：她甚至播放了一些它们唱歌的录音，这很有趣。此处非限制性定语从句修饰singing，
从句缺少主语，指物，在故what改为which。
8.考查介词。句意：现在，我开始喜欢上那些小生物了。those后可以直接跟small living things作定语，不
需要介词。故删除of。
9.考查冠词。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。表示“散步”
短语为take a walk。故the改为a。
10.考查主谓一致。句意：晚上，当我在学校的花园里散步时，昆虫的歌声对我来说变得更有意义。此处为
一般现在时，主语为the singing of insects，谓语用三单形式。故become改为becomes。
【2023▪全国乙卷】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线(\) 划掉。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词：
2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last Friday my mom decided to color his hair. She studied with all the hair products at the drugstore. The color
she choose came in a box which had a picture of a woman that hair color looked just perfect. Mom was sure same
color would look great on her. She put the new color on her hair or sat still for 30 minutes, just as the directions saying.
However, instead of the brownish red hair she had hoped for, she final got purple hair. She went right into the shower
to washing it, but it was no use. At least one thing proved truth: the color wouldn‟t wash out.
【答案】1. his →her 2. 删除with 3. choose → chose 4. that → whose 5. same前加the 6. or → and 7. saying
→ said 8. final → finally 9. washing → wash 10. truth → true
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的妈妈自己染发的故事。
【详解】1.考查代词。句意：上周五，我妈妈决定染头发。此处指“我妈妈染她的头发”，应用代词her。故
his改为her。
2.考查动词。句意：她研究了药店里所有的护发产品。study是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，介词with多余。
故删除with。
3.考查时态。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非常完
美。此处是定语从句的谓语动词，由上文Last Friday可知，应用一般过去时。故choose改为chose。
4.考查定语从句。句意：她选的颜色装在一个盒子里，盒子里有一张女人的照片，她的头发颜色看起来非
常完美。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是woman，关系词在从句中作hair的定语，应用关系代词whose
引导。故that改为whose。
5.考查冠词。句意：妈妈确信同样的颜色在她身上会很好看。same前常加定冠词。故same前加the。
6.考查连词。句意：她把头发染成新的颜色，静静地坐了30分钟，就像说明书上说的那样。此处是并列顺
承关系，不存在选择关系。故or改为and。
7.考查动词时态。句意：她把头发染成新的颜色，静静地坐了30分钟，就像说明书上说的那样。as引导方
式状语从句，由语境可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故saying改为said。
8.考查副词。句意：然而，她最终得到的不是她所希望的棕红色头发，而是紫色的头发。此处修饰动词got，
应用副词，作状语。故final改为finally。
9.考查非谓语动词。句意：她直接走进淋浴间去洗，但是没有用。此处不定式表目的，应用动词原形。故
washing改为wash。
121
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}10.考查形容词。句意：至少有一件事被证明是正确的：这种颜色洗不掉。prove为系动词，表示“证明是”，
后接形容词。故truth改为true。
【考前技能篇 7】应用文写作的解题技巧
一、应用文写作 20 个高分句式
考点一： I am Li Hua,... 同位语，定语从句/非谓语。
【微解】该句式中同位语通常由名词或名词短语充当。
例1．【佳句】①I am Li Hua, chairman of the Students Association. [2022•新课标卷 I 应用文] 我是学
生会主席李华。
②I'm writing to invite you to attend “Talk and Talk”, an English program founded by our school
broadcasting station.[2022•新课标卷 I 应用文]我写信邀请您参加“访谈”节目,这是我们校广播电台创
办的英语节目。
考点二：非谓语+主语+谓语等
【微解】该句式表同一个主语发出两个不同的动作，主要动作用谓语,次要动作用非谓语。
例2．【佳句】 ①Seeing this scene, I felt proud of him, my eyes filled with mist. [2022•新高考全国卷读
后续写]看到这一幕,我为他感到骄傲,眼睛模糊了。
②Their father, seeing the mess in the kitchen, immediately understood what had happened. [2021•新高
考 I 卷读后续写]他们的父亲看到厨房里一片狼藉,立刻明白发生了么事。
考点三：主语+谓语等，aiming to...(非谓语动词)……为了/the purpose of which is to do (非限制性定
语从句)……为了……
【微解】如果表“我写信的目的是……”，不用该句式直接用不定式作状语即可。
例3．【佳句】①The radio program was founded in 2016, aiming to provide a good platform for the
students to share their school life.[2022•新课标卷 I 应用文] 该广播节目成立于 2016 年,旨在为学生
提供一个分享学校生活的良好平台。
②Last weekend our school organized a fruit-picking activity on a farm, the purpose of which is to stress
the importance of hard work [2020•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达] 为了强调劳动的重要性，上周末我们学校组织
了一次到农场的采摘活动。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}考点四： It is+adj.+(for/ofsb.)to do/that 从句.../It is+of+n.(+forsb)to do(对于某人/某人)是怎么样的
【微解】该句式中 it 是形式主语，of+n.中的名词有 importance, benefit, help, interest, use, value 等。
例4．【佳句】①It is wise for us to take a short break after learning for 30 minutes. [2021•全国乙卷]
对我们来说，学习 30 分钟后休息一会儿是明智的。
②It is of great benefit to participate in the activity, because it taught us the importance of working hard.
[2020•全国卷Ⅱ] 参加这个活动很有益,因为它教会了我们劳动的重要性。
考点五：主语+谓语+it+adj.+(for sb./sth.)to do/that 从句/主语+谓语+it+n.+to do/that 从句某人认为
/发现/觉得做某事是怎么样的
【微解】该句式中 it 是形式宾语,常见的谓语有 believe, find ,consider, feel, make 和 think.
例5．【佳句】①I consider it convenient to learn online because we can learn anytime and anywhere. [2021
•全国乙卷满分作文] 我认为在线学习很方便，因为我们可以随时随地学习。
②I found it of great use to visit the exhibition of the students Chinese painting.[2021•浙江高考] 我
觉得去参观这次学生国画展览很有用。
考点六： It goes without saying that...毋庸置疑……
【微解】在该句式中，that 句中的谓语动词的时态根据实际情况而定。
例6．【佳句】It goes without saying that ocean plays an important role in many aspects. [2022•全国甲卷
书面表达] 毋庸置疑，海洋在许多方面发挥着重要作用。
考点七： I'd appreciate it if..如果……我将感激不尽微解 该句式可改为 I‟d be grateful if...
例7．【佳句】I would appreciate it very much if you could take my invitation into account.[2022•北京
卷应用文] 如果您能考虑我的邀请，我将不胜感激。
考点八： What 从句+be+ n./What 从句 is that ….
【微解】主语从句作主语,从句的谓语常是 upset，delight, surprise, amaze, astonish, satisfy, worry
impress，matter 等表沮丧、高兴、惊讶、满意、担忧，使印象深刻、重要等的动词。
123
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}例8．【佳句】①First of all, what we can do is to place importance on our daily actions.[2022•全国甲卷
书面表达]首先，我们能做的是重视我们的日常行为。
②What impressed me was the amazing works of those gifted student painters.[2021•浙江高考满分作
文]令我印象深刻的是那些天才学生画家的惊人作品。
考点九： There is no doubt/There is no denying that...毫无疑问/不可否认……
【微解】在该句式中，that 引导同位语从句。
例9．【佳句】There is no denying that the activity was an unforgettable experience. [2020•新高考 I 卷
满分作文]不可否认，这次活动是一次难忘的经历。
考点十：主句，which/who 等引导的非限制性定语从句
【微解】不能用 that 引导非限制性定语从句，如表“这一点”，应用关系代词 which;指人，作主语用
who
例10．【佳句】①I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by
a fence. [2022•新课标读后续写] 我环顾四周，终于发现了大卫，他独自站在栅栏旁。
②Whenever people around get into trouble, they are willing to go to her for help, which makes her
respected by all our neighbors.[2020•全国卷 I 满分作文]每当周围的人遇到麻烦，他们都愿意去找她
帮忙，这使她受到所有邻居的尊敬。
考点十一：As an old saying goes... 俗话说,……
【微解】在该句式中，as 引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的全部内容。
例11．【佳句】 As an old saying goes, “God helps those who help themselves.” [2020•全国卷
I 满分作文]俗话说，“天助自助者。”
考点十二：so that，in order that 引导目的状语从句
【微解】该句式引导目的状语从句常与情态动词 can could 等连用。
例12．【佳句】As far as I am concerned, students should do more listening and speaking so that/in order
that they can develop their communication skills.[2022•全国乙卷书面表达]就我而言，学生应该多听
多说，以便发展他们的沟通技巧。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}考点十三：Not only+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语+谓语+其他，but+主语+also+谓语+其他，不
仅……而且……
【微解】 该句型中 Not only…位于句首时，前一分句句子采用部分倒装语序（前倒后不倒）。
例13．【佳句】The activity was highly thought of, which was not only rewarding, but also raised our
awareness of labor.[2020•全国卷满分作文] 这次活动得到了高度的评价，不仅有益，而且提高了我
们的劳动意识。
考点十四：Only+时间副词/介词短语/(when/if引导的)状语从句+助动词/情态动词/系动词+主语+ VO,
只有……才……
【微解】only 后的状语从句中,主谓不倒装。
例14．【佳句】①Only by being smart online learners can we truly enjoy the benefits of modern
technology. [2021•全国乙卷满分作文] 只有通过成为聪明的网络学习者，我们才能真正享受现代技
术的好处。
② Only when I worked on the farm did I realize how hard it was to work in the fields. [2020•全国卷
Ⅱ满分作文]只有当我在农场干活时，我才意识到在地里劳作是多么辛苦。
考点十五：在 so/such…that，结构中，店同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首时，主句委用部分倒装。
【微解】so 开头，后面是形容词或副词，形容词后是 be 动词，副词后是助动词，然后是主语和 that
句式部分。
例15．【佳句】①So many benefits does ocean bring to human beings that great importance can‟t be
attached enough to protect it.[2022•全国甲卷书面表达] 海洋给人类带来了如此多的好处，以至于越
高度重视来保护它越好。
②So patiently did their father instruct them that the twins made the breakfast fast and well. [2021•新高
考工卷读后续写] 父亲非常耐心地指导，因此双胞胎把早餐做得又快又好。
考点十六： It is/was+被强调成分+that+其他，就是……
【微解】强调句的 be 动词，要么是 is，要么是 was，不存在第三种情况;前后时态要保持一致。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}例16．【佳句】①It‟s oceans that offer us various resources, such as food, medicine and so on ensuring the
sustainable development of human beings.[2022•全国甲卷书面表达]海洋为我们提供了各种资源，如食
物、药物等，保证了人类的可持续发展。
②It was not until 8 o‟clock that he realized he had spent the whole day on the Internet.
→Not until 8 o‟clock did he realize he had spent the whole day on the Internet. 直到八点钟，他才意识
到自己一整天都在上网。
考点十七：what/how 感叹句
【微解】what 引导的感叹句中，中心词是名词(可数/不可数/复数)，how 引导的感叹句中的中心词是
形容词或副词。
例17．【佳句】How delicious the breakfast was! [2021•新高考 I 卷读后续写]早餐多么美味病! 我们在
农场摘苹果的时光多么美好啊!
考点十八： without/but for+名词，主语+couldn't have done 没有/要不是……，……就不会……
【微解】该句式可升级为:主句，without which +主语+ couldn't have done.
例18．【佳句】 ①But for his encouragement, I couldn't have made such great progress. [2020•全国卷满
分作文]要不是他的鼓励，我不会取得这么大的进步。
②No words are strong enough to convey my thanks to your selfless assistance, without which I could not
have made such great progress in English.[2020•浙江高考满分作文] 任何语言都不足以表达我对你无
私帮助的谢意，没有你无私的帮助，我不可能在英语上取得如此大的进步。
考点十九：With+宾语+非谓语动词+主句
【微解】该句式中，非谓语动词形式有 3 种:doing(主动或进行)，done(被动或完成)，to do(将来的动
作)。
例19．【佳句】①With the theme-based class meeting to hold, I'm writing to ask you for some advice on
it. [2021•全国甲卷满分作文] 主题班会要开了，我写信征求您的建议。
②With so many fantastic works shown at the exhibition, it will surely arouse your interest in Chinese
painting. [2021•浙江高考满分作文]这次展览展出了这么多精彩的作品，一定会引起您对中国通的兴
趣。
126
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}考点二十：Nothing/Nobody/...+谓语+比较级……,没有比……更……的了
【微解】否定词和比较级连用，表最高级的含义，常用的否定词有 no，never，nothing, nobody，hardly
等。
例20．【佳句】①Their mother cried in an excited voice, “I have never enjoyed a more tasty breakfast.”
[2021•新高考 I 卷读后续写]妈妈激动地喊道:“我从来没有吃过这么美味的早餐。”
②It can‟t be better if you can share your experiences with others, thus helping them become familiar with
you as soon as possible. 如果你能与他人讲述你的经历，从而帮助他们尽快熟悉你,就再好不过了。
二、应用文写作十大亮眼增分句型
增分高级句式一：运用平行结构
运用并列连词：not only…, but also… (不但……而且……)和列举词语：for one thing, … (and) for
another… (一来……二来……)：
1.Oceans not only provide us with abundant resources, but also they play a significant role in maintaining
the balance of our ecosystem. 海洋不仅给我们提供丰富资源，而且在维持生态系统平衡方面发挥重要作
用。(2022 年全国甲卷)
2.I would really like to interview him because he is not only the first Chinese to go to space but
also one of the greatest astronauts in the world. 我真的很想采访他，因为他不仅是第一个上太空的中
国人，也是世界上最伟大的宇航员之一。(2015 年安徽卷)
增分高级句式二：运用祈使句
1.First, try every means to fight against global warming, which has become a great threat to sea creatures. 首
先，想尽千方百计迎战全球变暖，这对海洋生物构成严重威胁。(2022 年全国甲卷)
2.If it‟s convenient for you, let’s meet at 8:30 outside the school gate. If not, let me know what time
suits you best. 如果方便的话，我们8:30在校门外见。如果不方便，告诉我什么时候最适合你。 (2016
年全国Ⅲ卷)
增分高级句式三：运用状语从句
1.It is ten years since Talk and Talk was established. 自从“Talk and Talk”创立以来已经十年了。(时间
状语从句) (2022 年新课标Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷)
127
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}2.We can set out early so that we‟ll have more time to read and select books. 我们可以早点出发，
这样我们就有更多的时间阅读和选书。(目的状语从句) (2016 年全国Ⅲ卷)
增分高级句式四：运用定语从句
限制性定语从句：
1.It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and
watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%. 很容易看到选择听英文歌曲和看英文电影的
学生比例分别是65%和50%。 (2022 年全国乙卷)
2.Talk and Talk is an amazing program where you can share your ideas with students. Talk and Talk是个很
棒的节目，你可以在这里和你的学生分享你的想法。 (2022 年新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷)
由which引导的非限制性定语从句：
3.World Oceans Day was set up to raise awareness of protecting the oceans, which play a crucial part in
global ecosystem. 设立世界海洋日目的是提高海洋保护意识，这在全球生态系统中起重要作用。 (2022
年全国甲卷)
4.Our school is planning to hold a theme class meeting to introduce traditional Chinese
cultures, which will be posted/presented/displayed on the English website. 我们学校计划举办介绍中
国传统文化的主题班会，班会将在英文网站上展示。(2021 年全国甲卷)
as引导的非限制性定语从句：
5.As you know, Chinese knots are very popular with Chinese people. 如你所知，中国人非常喜欢中国
结。(2013 年全国Ⅱ卷)
6.As is known to all, with the improvement of people‟s living standards, cars have become a popular
means of transport. 众所周知，随着人民生活水平的提高，汽车已成为一种流行的交通工具。(2011
年江西卷)
“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句：
7.I‟d like to express my thanks to you for your work hard, because of which Sulin and her parents are
living a happy and healthy life. 我想对你们的辛勤工作表示感谢，因为你们的辛勤工作，苏林和她的
父母过着幸福健康的生活。(2008 年全国Ⅰ卷)
关系副词where, when, why引导的定语从句：
128
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}8.Since sports are important for students‟ health, our school has built a large playground and a
gym where there are all kinds of sports equipment. 由于体育运动对学生的健康很重要，我们学校建
了一个大操场和一个健身房，里面有各种各样的运动器材。(2018 年全国Ⅲ卷) 注：since 引导原因
状语从句。
增分高级句式五：运用名词性从句
1.It is my firm belief that only with joined efforts to protect oceans can we have a bright future. 我坚信只有
通过共同努力保护海洋我们才有美好的未来。（同位语从句）(2022 年全国甲卷)
2.I‟m writing to ask if I could work in your art gallery as a volunteer. 我写信是想问，我能不能在你的
美术馆做志愿者。(宾语从句) (2019 年全国Ⅰ卷)
增分高级句式六：运用倒装句式
1.Not only does ocean offer us sufficient food, but also it maintains the balance of nature. 海洋不仅提供丰
富食物，还能保持生态平衡。(2022 年全国甲卷)
2.Only in this way can we make good use of this new method of learning. 只有这样，我们才能充分
利用这种新的学习方法。(2021 年全国乙卷)
增分高级句式七：运用强调句型
1.It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally. 是他勇敢
的内心和坚强的意志力最终让这件事发生了。(2022 年新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷)
2.In my memory, it is Youth that accompanies me through my senior high school. 在我的记忆中，正
是 Youth(校英文报)陪伴我度过了我的高中。(2021 年新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷)
增分高级句式八：运用被动句型
1.June 8th was officially named by the UN in 2009 as World Oceans Day. 2009年联合国正式把6月8日
命名为“世界海洋日”。 (2022 年新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷)
2.The festival has been a great tradition of our school for over 20 years, and this year it will be
held from 12th to 14th September. 20 多年来，音乐节一直是我们学校的传统，今年将在 9 月 12
日到 14 日举行。(2019 年全国Ⅲ卷)
增分高级句式九：运用非谓语动词
1.World Ocean Day, falling on June 8th, is aimed at raising awareness of ocean conservation. 世界海洋日，
设在6月8日，旨在提高海燕保护意识。 (2022 年全国甲卷)
129
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}2.To become a more efficient learner, we should balance the time of study online and in reality. 为了
成为一名更高效率的(efficient)学习者，我们应该平衡在线学习和现实学习的时间。 (2021 年全
国乙卷)
增分高级句式十：运用 with等介词短语
1.Nowadays, with the growing popularity of smartphones and computers, an increasing number of students
are choosing to learn English beyond the classroom in various ways. 现在随着智能手机和电脑日益普及，
越来越多学生选择在课外用多种方式学习英语。 (2022 年全国乙卷)
2.Every runner tried their best to finish the task, with their classmates along the way giving them
necessarily help as well as encouragement.每一位跑者都拼尽全力完成了任务，同学们一路上给予
他们必要的帮助和鼓励。 (2020年新高考全国卷)
三、应用文写作 30 个满分佳句
高频句式一：很高兴得知你…，我写信…
1.Words fail to convey my heartfelt delight on hearing that you will participate in the competition
2.Tremendous joy wells up from the bottom of my heart the moment I know you are to sign up for the
competition.
3.Having learnt with delight that you show a keen interest in the Chinese idiom story competition, I am more
than privileged to do you a favor.
4.Exceedingly delighted to know you‟ll get involved in the Chinese idiom story competition, I‟m delighted to
offer some tips for your reference.
高频句式二：就……提一些，希望……
5.My suggestions with regard to this topic are as follows.
6.To help you get fully prepared, I will give you some advice.
7.I‟d like to give you some practical suggestions, which I hope will be of some help.
8.When it comes to traditional Chinese culture, I‟d like to offer you some tips for your reference.
高级句式三：建议你最好……
9.First and foremost, you are advised to practice speaking more from now on.
10.It is highly recommended that you make full preparations before the competition.
11.It can‟t be better if you add some body language to make your speech more appealing.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}12.You‟d better search the Internet for some specific information concerning the idiom stories.
高级句式四：活动时间、地点
13.The competition is due to start at 3:00 pm on Friday on the playground, ending at 5:00 pm.
14.The contest is scheduled to begin at 3:00 pm on Friday in the lecture hall and end at 5:00 pm.
15.As scheduled, the contest is to take place at 3:00 pm on Sunday, lasting approximately two hours.
高级句式五：机会难得，不容错过
16.Such a golden opportunity is it that you can‟t afford to miss it.
17.It is such a golden chance to get exposed to Chinese culture that you can‟t afford to miss it.
18.I‟m fully convinced that you‟ll gain a deeper insight into Chinese Classics through the activity.
高级句式六：祝愿……
19.May you win the first prize in the competition!
20.Hopefully, you will enjoy your stay here in China.
21.Wish you best luck in the coming Chinese idiom story competition.
高级句式七：参与回复，不胜感激
22.If you have any problem, don‟t hesitate to let me know.
23.Eagerly looking forward to your presence at the seminar.
24.I‟d be much obliged if you could confirm your participation.
25.I‟d appreciate it if you could take my advice into consideration.
26.Your prompt response to my letter would be highly appreciated.
27.Nothing can delight me so much as your participation in the seminar.
28.Should you take my advice into consideration, I would be highly grateful.
29.Don‟t hesitate to turn to your teacher for help provided that you have any trouble.
30.It would be highly appreciated if you could respond to me at your earliest convenience.
四、获得报道类应用文佳句必备
【活动报道类书面表达高分秘诀】
1.三段式结构，两头短中间长；
2.首段主题句点题（目的+主题+时间+地点+总评）
3.中段详述活动过程（人物+事件+感受+层次）
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}4.尾段活动收获和评价（总评+收获+希望）
5.书写工整，美观，控制修改，左右顶格
6.高级词汇+复杂句式（倒装句+感叹句+强调句）
【活动报道类书面表达句式提升】
首段必备：
A 5000-metre cross-country running race, part of sports meeting in our school, was successfully launched by the
Students‟ Union last Sunday.
句式总结：活动+同位语(/定语)+ was held by + 主办方 + 时间( + 地点)。
一词多译：
活动目的：Aimed/Targeted at; Aimed/Intended to do; In order to do; With the aim/purpose/intention of; For the
sake of
活动举行：take place, hold, sponsor, launch, organize
活动主题：themed/entitled/named/called, whose theme was…
小试牛刀：
上周日，我校在报告厅举办了一场书法竞赛活动，活动目的是让更多的中学生了解中国书法文化。
满分答案：
A calligraphy competition, an activity intended to get more students to understand the culture of Chinese
calligraphy, was organized by our school in the lecture hall last Sunday, which turned out to be an enormous
success.
中段必备：
150 participants from 3 grades got involved in the race actively.
句式总结：
参赛者+定语+ got involved in(参加；参与)+ 活动+ 状语
一词多译：
人员参加：participate in; get involved in, be engaged in; compete in, join in, take part in, sign up for
小试牛刀：
50 名对书法天赋极高的学生积极报名参加了这个比赛，为的是通过自己的书法作品来宣传中国文化。
满分答案：
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}50 students who have a great talent for handwriting signed up for the competition actively so that they could
promote Chinese culture through their works of calligraphy.
尾段必备：
The race turned out to be a huge success. Not only did it strengthen our body, but it also enriched our school life.
句式总结:
活动+ turned out to be a great success + Not only did it do„，but it also did„（not only„but also„倒装句
式）
一词多译：
结果证明：turned out to be; ended up doing; It turned out that…
增长见识：broaden our horizons; widen our viewpoints
小试牛刀：
此次书法竞赛举办得非常成功。它不仅提升了学生们对书法的鉴赏力,还大大增强了他们的民族自豪感和自
信心。
满分答案：
The calligraphy competition turned out to be a fabulous success. Not only did it promote students‟ appreciation of
calligraphy, but it also greatly enhanced their national pride and confidence.
【活动报道类书面表达真题再练】
（2023 浙江 1 月卷）上周末你参加了校学生会组织的“认识我们身边的植物”活动。请为校英文报写
篇报道，内容包括：
1. 活动的过程；
2. 收获与感想。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Getting to Know the Plants Around Us
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}____________________________________________________________________________________________
【满分作文一】
Aimed to raise our awareness about the significance of plants in our daily lives, an unforgettable activity
named“ Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” held by Students‟ Union was launched last Sunday, which turned
out to be a hit. （首段看门见山点题—活动目的、对象、时间、地点，总评）（非谓语+高级词汇+定语从句）
As scheduled, we were given a presentation first by a knowledgeable professor about how to identify various
plants depending on their characteristics. One of the highlights of the event was when we saw the enchanting
maple trees, awesome old pine trees and pleasant carnations. What impressed us most was a massive old pine tree,
which served as an ideal shelter for insects. （中段交代活动的详细过程—突出植物主题和认识）（高级词汇+
各种从句）
Overall, the activity was literally a valuable and educational experience. Not only did we get acquainted
with the plants surrounding us, but also we gained deeper insight into how to preserve them. （尾段点明收获与意
义，段首主题句妙）（高级词汇+倒装句式）
【满分作文二】
Last Sunday witnessed an activity themed “Getting to Know the Plants Around Us” launched by the Students‟
Union, which gained widespread appreciation and acceptance. （首段看门见山点题—活动目的+主题+时间+
地点+总评）（非谓语+高级词汇+定语从句）
Before starting out, we were given a presentation by a knowledgeable professor about how to identify various
plants based on their features. After the introduction, we were divided into several groups to set out to explore a
garden. Then, it was a fun and creative way to have the opportunity to get hands-on experience by planting seeds
and tending to the garden. At the end of the activity, we collected some maple leaves as a reminder for our magic
journey, the love of our breath-taking environment and the discovery of the ravishing beauty of nature. （中段交代
活动的详细过程—突出认识植物过程和感受，细节生动）（高级词汇+非谓语）
All in all, the activity was spoken highly of by the teachers and students alike and turned out to be a fruitful
and rewarding experience. Not only did we get closer to nature, but also we gained a greater appreciation for the
role that plants play in maintaining the balance of our ecosystem. （尾段点明收获与意义，段首主题句棒）（高
级词汇+倒装句式）
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【考前技能篇 8】读后续写的解题技巧
一、读后续写 15 种情景高分句式30例
01--表示“感到……情绪与情感”场景
[句式1]a flush of＋表情绪的名词＝a wave/feeling/sense of...一阵„„
[句式2]表情绪的名词＋flooded over sb/swept over sb/seized sb „„涌上心头
1．A flush of pride swept over him as he watched his children.
＝He felt a flush of pride as he watched his children.
当他看着自己孩子的时候， 一种强烈的自豪感涌上心头。
2. (2023·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写) To my surprise, I learned that my essay had ranked first in the contest. A
mix of excitement and doubt washed over me.
令我吃惊的是，我得知我的作品在比赛中排名第一。兴奋和怀疑涌上心头。
02--表示“直到……才意识到……”场景
[句式1]Not until＋时间状语＋did sb realize/notice that...
[句式2]It was only＋时间状语＋that sb realized that...
1．Not until then did he realize that something was wrong.
＝It was only then that he realized that something was wrong.
直到那时他才意识到有什么不对劲。
2. (2023·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写) Eager and delighted, I held up the championship trophy, and It was not until
then that I realized the journey of writing was not only filled with disbelief and self-doubt but also support
and self-approval.
我急切又高兴地举起奖杯。指导那时我才意识到写作的历程不仅充满着不相信和自我怀疑，而且还充满着
支持和自我肯定。
03--表示“一……，就……”场景
[句式1]upon/on＋n./doing...“一„„就„„”，相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句。
[句式2]immediately/directly/instantly＋从句
[句式3]the moment/minute/instant＋从句
[句式4]no sooner...than.../hardly...when...
[句式5]at the sight/thought of…
1. (2023·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写)Upon hearing this, I could feel my heart pounding wildly and my mind going
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}unconsciously back to the days I racked my brain for stories.
一听到这些话，我感到心跳加快，大脑不由自主回到那些绞尽脑汁编故事的日子。
2. (2023·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写)No sooner had I stepped into this familiar room than I saw my teacher sitting
among piles of papers.
我刚一走进这个熟悉的房间就看到历史坐在一堆试卷前。
04--表示“(因为紧张、害怕)心跳”场景
[句式1]sb could feel one's heart pounding wildly in one's chest 感到心在胸中怦怦直跳
[句式2]one's heart thumped/raced/beat wildly/loudly/hard某人心怦怦直跳
1．(2023·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写)I could feel my heart pounding wildly as I went on stage to collect the prize.
上台领奖时我感到心怦怦直跳。
2．(2021·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写)Oh dear! The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well. As the twins
looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared. Their hearts began to thump wildly as they were
afraid of being scolded by their father.
天哪！锅里的那块面包也变黑了。当双胞胎失望地环顾四周时，他们的父亲出现了。他们害怕被父亲责骂，
心开始怦怦直跳。
05--表示“迫不及待做……；毫不犹豫”场景
[句式1]sb could hardly wait to do sth
[句式2]without a second thought...不假思索；毫不犹豫地
[句式3]without even thinking...连考虑都不考虑
[句式4]without delay...立即；毫不迟延地
[句式5]without hesitation...毫不犹豫
1．The water was freezing cold, but without a second thought the young man jumped in.
水冰冷冰冷，可那个年轻人想也没想就跳了进去。
2. (2023·新高考卷Ⅰ读后续写)My devotion and perseverance really mattered, but without his encouragement, I
could never be what I was today.
我的付出和坚持固然重要，但是没有他的鼓励我就不会有今天的成就。
06--表示“流泪”场景
[句式1]One's eyes got misty./One's eyes misted with tears.泪眼模糊
[句式2]be close to tears 几乎要哭了
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}[句式3]tears roll down one's eyes/cheeks/face 泪水从眼睛/脸颊/面部落下
1．With tears of gratitude rolling/streaming down his cheeks, Peter hugged Green tightly, saying “You've saved
me today. I couldn't thank you enough.”
感激的泪水顺着他的脸颊流下，彼得紧紧地拥抱着格林，说：“今天你救了我。我对你感激不尽。”
2．The day he left hospital, he hugged me, his eyes misting with tears, saying，“You are a truly good nurse, thank
you.”
出院那天，他泪眼模糊地拥抱着我说，“你是个真正的好护士，谢谢你。”
07--表示“不知道做……”场景
[句式1]sb did sth, wondering what to do next
[句式2]sb did sth, not knowing what to do next
[句式3]sb did sth, unsure of what to do next
[句式4]sb was at a loss what to do
1．(2023·浙江1月卷读后续写)Leaving the house, I couldn‟t help wondering how it was getting on now.
离开家，我禁不住想现在进展如何呢。
2．Facing the situation，Ruth felt her heart was pounding，and chest pains almost took her breath away. She started
to sob，totally at a loss what to do.
面对这种情况，露丝感到心跳加速，胸痛几乎让她喘不过气来。她开始哭泣，完全不知该怎么办。
08--表示“某人想到/明白……；有了主意”场景
[句式1]It suddenly occurred to sb that...
＝It hit/struck sb that...
[句式2](idea, thought...) occurred/came to sb＝...came/flashed into one's mind＝...crowded into one's mind
[句式3]one's mind began to race 头脑开始快速转动
1．Suddenly a brilliant idea flashed into his mind.
突然他想到一个好主意。
2．It suddenly occurred to Mya that the theme this year was supposed to be “Sweet Labor, Sweet Sixteen”．
Mya突然想到，今年的主题应该是“甜蜜的劳动，甜蜜的十六岁”。
09--表示“因……颤抖”场景
[句式]tremble/shake with fear, panic, excitement, rage...
1．Her lips trembled with rage and big tears rolled down her cheeks.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}她气得嘴唇发抖，泪珠顺着面颊滚落下来。
2．He lay there for a long time, shaking with fear.
他躺在那里很长时间，害怕得发抖。
10--表示 “发出……(声音)”场景
[句式1]There were loud shouts and cheers (from...) when...从„„传来喊叫与欢呼声
[句式2]There was a storm of applause (from...) when...„„响起了雷鸣般的掌声
[句式3]let out a cry/scream (of horror/fear/terror/shock/surprise/pain...)发出了„„叫声
1．The night before last, just before dinner, while my father was looking through the evening paper, he suddenly let
out a cry of surprise.
前天晚上，就在晚饭前，我父亲在看晚报时，突然惊讶地喊了一声。
2．While my mind was wandering, our performance time came. It turned out a great success, loud shouts and
cheers from the audience filling the theatre.
当我心不在焉的时候，我们的表演时间到了。这场演出取得了巨大成功，观众的欢呼声和喝彩声响彻了整
个剧场。
11--表示“转折”场景
[句式1]But bad luck for sb...
但是某人真不走运
[句式2]To one's surprise (delight)/Strangely enough, it turned out that...
让人惊讶(高兴)/奇怪的是，原来„„
[句式3]..., but in vain „„， 但徒劳
[句式4]..., but without success„„，但没有成功
[句式5]But on second thoughts，...但是转而一想，„„
1．But bad luck for Jack, he tripped and fell to the ground.
Jack真不走运，他绊了一脚，摔在地上。
2．Her friend tried to persuade her to go back home with him, but in vain.
她朋友想劝她和他一起回家，可只是白费唇舌。
12--表示“心里想”场景
[句式1]An inner voice told sb that...
内心的声音告诉某人„„
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}[句式2]sb thought/said to oneself...心里想„„
1．An inner voice told him that what he had done was wrong.
心里的声音告诉他，他所做的是错的。
2．She thought to herself，“It seems that the dress doesn't look that bad. Actually, I like all the clothes Mom bought
for me.”
她心想：“这件衣服看起来没那么糟糕。事实上，我喜欢妈妈给我买的所有衣服。”
13--表示“感到欣慰，放下心来”场景
[句式1]．..breathed a sigh of relief/...sighed with relief 松了一口气
[句式2](A wave of) relief flooded over sb 深感„„
[句式3]to one's relief...使人欣慰的/放心的是„„
1．I breathed a sigh of relief as the plane landed safely.
＝A wave of relief flooded over me as the plane landed safely.
＝To my relief, the plane landed safely.
飞机安全着陆，我顿时放下心来。
2．To my relief, I saw our rental car again. What a blessing to have such an unforgettable experience!
让我欣慰的是，我又看到了我们租来的车。有这样一次难忘的经历真是太好了！
14--表示“还记得某人的话；还在某人的脑海中”场景
[句式1]sb's words rang out in one's ears
某人的话在耳边回响
[句式2]One's head was still full of.../...crowded into one's mind脑子里充满„„
1．Memories came crowding into her mind.
往事一齐涌上她的心头。
2．My head was still full of strange thoughts and worries.
＝Strange thoughts and worries crowded into my mind.
我的脑子里仍然充满奇怪的想法与忧虑。
15--表示“经历与教训”场景
[句式1]What a/an...lesson sb taught me!
[句式2]What a/an...experience sb had!
[句式3]Down deep in one's heart...在某人的内心深处„„
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}[句式4]...be rooted in one's memory „„植根于某人的记忆中
1．Down deep in his heart, he knew he would remember what a valuable lesson Mr.Green taught him.
＝The valuable lesson Mr. Green taught him will be rooted in his memory forever.
在他的内心深处，他知道他会永远记住格林先生给他上的多么宝贵的一课。
2．They received the surprise gift from Mangat Madam. What a wonderful experience they had!
他们收到了来自Mangat Madam的惊喜礼物。多么美妙的经历！
二、读后续写情感心理描写 20类 40 例
（一）喜悦
1. He was in high spirits, and felt like being on top of the world.
他情绪高涨，感觉自己好像站在了世界之巅。
2. She laughed, her eyes twinkling with excitement.
她笑了起来，她的眼睛因兴奋而闪闪发光。
（二）同情
1. Franklin stood silently, torn by sorrow and compassion, weighing what to say.
当富兰克林默默地站着，悲伤和同情让他心碎，犹豫着该说些什么。
2. Seeing her condition, I immediately felt a huge sympathy for her. It was coming deep from within my heart.
看到她的情况，我立即对她产生了极大的同情。这种感觉深深地发自我的心。
（三）感动
1. With tears streaming down her face, she thanked him again and again.
她泪流满面，再三感谢她。
2.Tears dropping from his eyes, he ran to Mum‟s warm hug, and said gently " Mum, thank you."
他热泪盈眶，跑到妈妈温暖的拥抱前，温柔地说："妈妈，谢谢你。"
（四）宽慰
1. She stroked her fingers through my hair and said, “Things are going to be fine."
她用手指抚摸着我的头发说："一切都会好起来的。"
2. He reached out his hand with his finger forming a " heart ", saying, “I‟ll always be there with you."
他伸出手，用手指捏成"心形"，说："我将永远与你同在"。
（五）鼓励
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}1.He smiled with satisfaction, patting me on the shoulder and said," Well done!"
他满意地笑了，拍了拍我的肩膀说："做得好！"
2." You matter." I said that sentence to myself, feeling a warm glow spreading inside of me."
你很重要。"我对自己说了这句话，感到一股暖意在我体内蔓延。
（六）希望
1.A spark of hope kindled in their hearts.
他们心中燃起了希望的火花。
2. After all the problems, we are finally beginning to see some light at the end of the tunnel.
在经历了这么多困难之后，我们终于看到了曙光。
（七）激动
1.She felt her heart racing and her blood rushing.
她的心跳加速，热血沸腾。
2. A shiver of excitement passed through her stomach when she heard the news.
听到这个消息，她激动得胃里直打颤。
（八）愤怒
1.Her color went up, a heavy rage came over her like a dark cloud.
她的脸色涨了起来，一股沉重的怒气像一片乌云笼罩着她。
2.He stormed out of the room with anger, shutting the door hard behind him.
他怒气冲冲地冲出了房间，重重地关上了门。
（九）悲伤
1. She shook her head miserably, tears pouring down her cheeks.
她痛苦地摇了摇头,泪水顺着脸颊流下。
2.She walked to me, with great sorrow, the light in her eyes darkened, and said with sadness,“I failed .
"她走到我面前，悲痛万分，眼睛里的光芒暗了下来，悲伤地说："我失败了。"
（十）惊恐
1. Her face turned pale and stood there, tongue-tied.
他的脸色变得苍白，站在那里，舌头打结。
2. The sight of the fierce wolf, Mike felt so scared that his throat tightened and his knees felt weak.
看到那只凶猛的狼，迈克感到非常害怕，喉咙发紧，膝盖发软。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}（十一）紧张
1. His heart beat so violently that he felt like sitting on pins and needles.
如此剧烈，他感到如坐针毡。
2. He was about to respond when he felt his tongue tied in and palms sweating.
他正要回答时，感到舌头被绑住了，手掌开始出汗。
（十二）悔疚
1. I stood there, with regretful tears in my eyes.
我站在那里，眼里含着遗憾的泪水。
2. Desperate and helpless, Janet knelt down with tears of regret streaming down her cheeks.
绝望而无助的珍妮特跪了下来，后悔的泪水顺着面颊流了下来。
（十三）困惑
1.His sudden change in mood completely confused her.
他的情绪突然变化完全把握弄糊涂了。
2.When I stood on the stage in front of the large audience, my mind went blank.
站在舞台上面对大批观众时，我的头脑一片空白。
（十四）忧虑
1.Worried about the journey, I was unsettled for the first few days.
由于担心这次旅行，头几天我心神不宁。
2. He was so nervous about the English test that he lay awake half the night, worrying.
他对英语考试感到如此紧张，以至于大半夜都睡不着觉，心神不宁。
（十五）震惊
1. He froze, with his mouth hanging open.
他僵住了，张着嘴。
2. I jumped to my feet and stepped back in no time, completely at a loss.
我跳了起来，立刻后退了一步，完全不知所措。
（十六）羞愧
1. So ashamed was she that she could feel the blood rushed to her face.
我感到非常羞愧，甚至能感觉到鲜血涌到脸上。
2.She felt so ashamed of her foolish behavior that she could feel her face burning.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}她为自己的愚蠢行为感到非常羞愧，以至于感到脸红了。
（十七）疲惫
1.Exhausted, I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.
我精疲力竭地躺在床上，很快就睡着了。
2. She felt exhausted and sat by the stream resting her aching feet.
她感到精疲力竭，坐在溪边休息着疼痛的双脚。
（十八）孤独
1.A wave of loneliness washed over her.
一阵孤独感席卷了她的全身。
2. Cold with no hope for warmth, she felt like drowning in a crowd of people.
她感到又冷又无取暖的希望，感觉就像被人群淹没一样。
（十九）尴尬
1. All the air seemed to disappear and she felt as if the whole world was watching her.
所有的空气似乎都消失了，她觉得整个世界都在看着她。
2. He lowered his head, hesitated for a moment, wondering how to hide his inner embarrassment.
他低下头，犹豫了一会儿，不知道如何掩饰内心的尴尬。
（二十）绝望
1.Hearing the news, so desperate was he that he drowned sadness in wine.
听到这个消息，他非常绝望，把悲伤淹没在酒中。
2. Desperate and helpless, she knelt down, with tears of regret streaming down her cheeks.
绝望而无助的她跪了下来，悔恨的泪水顺着面颊流了下来。
三、读后续写十大满分开头仿写 20例
仿写句式一：无灵主语开头（没有生命的名词作主语）
【示例】久别重逢让这对夫妻都很开心。
The reunion after long separation brought great delight to the couple.
仿写1：I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. I noticed a flash of movement.
翻译：我正要离开这时蜂鸟出现了。一阵儿活动引起了我的注意。
改写：(2023 年 1 月浙江读后续写) I was just about to leave when the hummingbird appeared. A flash of
143
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}movement caught my attention.
仿写2：When the host announced that I won the first prize, I felt very excited.
翻译：当主持人宣布我获得一等奖时，我激动得心砰砰跳。
改写：(2023 新高考读后续写)When the host announced that I won the first prize, my heart was
thumping/pounding with excitement.
仿写句式二：倒装句开头
【示例】只有这样你才能学好英语。
Only in this way can you learn English well.
仿写1：Jenna was so ashamed that she shed guilty tears with head drooping.
翻译：杰娜羞愧得低着头流下了愧疚的泪水。
改写：(2021新高考读后续写) So ashamed was Jenna that she shed guilty tears with head drooping.
仿写2：I will never forget the way they looked at me when they were given food.
翻译：我永远不会忘记他们被给予食物时看我的样子。
改写：(2022年6月浙江读后续写) Never will I forget the way they looked at me when they were given food.
仿写句式三：对话或独白开头
【示例】“太可怕了，”这个年轻人用颤抖的声音回答道。
“Awfully,” the young man answered in a trembling voice.
仿写1：The happiest mother in the world kept thanking her twins.
翻译：这个世上最幸福妈妈不停地重复着，“谢谢你们，宝贝。”
改写：(2021新高考读后续写) “Thank you, my honey.” the happiest mother in the world kept repeating these
words.
仿写2： They shouted enthusiastically and cheered for him.
翻译：他们都热情地叫喊着，“加油！你真棒！为你自豪！”
改写：(2022新高考读后续写) “Come on! You can make it! We are proud of you!” they shouted enthusiastically.
仿写句式四：介词短语开头
【示例】孩子们高兴地找到了出路。
In delight, children found their way out.
仿写1：We were relieved that they smiled politely back at me when they saw my smile.
翻译：让我们如释重负的是，他们看到我的微笑也礼貌地报之以微笑。
144
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}改写：(2022年6月浙江读后续写) To our relief, they smiled politely back at me when they saw my smile.
仿写2：It is your recognition and guidance that I wrote the article.
翻译：没有你的认可和指导，我就不会写好这篇文章。
改写：(2023新高考读后续写) Without your recognition and guidance, I couldn‟t have written this article.
仿写句式五：独立主格结构开头
【示例】Her shirt caught on a nail，she could not move.
她的衬衫被钉子钩住了，她动弹不得。
仿写1：Soon Bernard returned with an empty basket and some coins were in his hand.
翻译：伯纳德很快带着空篮子回来了，手里拿着硬币。
改写：(2020新高考读后续写) Coins in hand, Bernard soon returned with an empty basket.
仿写2：When everything was settled, Father left the kitchen, promising to keep their secret.
翻译：一切安排妥当，爸爸离开厨房，答应保密。
改写：(2021新高考读后续写) Everything settled, Father left the kitchen, promising to keep their secret.
仿写句式六：形容词开头
【示例】又累又饿，安妮跪了下来。
Tired and hungry, Anne knelt down.
仿写1：Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. As I was afraid that I might hurt the lovely small
creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.
翻译：突然一只兔子从马匹前跳出来。我害怕我会伤害这个可爱的小生物，我自动发出一声喊叫来阻止我
的马。
改写：(2018年浙江读后续写)Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Afraid that I might hurt
the lovely small creature, I automatically let out a cry to stop my horse.
仿写2：As she was speechless and happy, Mum held the twins tightly into her arms, with tears welling up in her
eyes.
翻译：妈妈说不出话来，高兴极了，把双胞胎紧紧地抱在怀里，眼里噙满了泪水。
改写：(2021新高考读后续写) Speechless and happy, she held the twins tightly into her arms, with tears welling
up in her eyes.
仿写句式七：副词开头
【示例】悄悄地，他一句话没说离开了。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}翻译：Quietly, he left without saying a word.
仿写1：At once, the father joined the twins and they started all over again.
翻译：爸爸立马加入双胞胎和他们一起开始张罗着。
改写：(2021新高考读后续写)Immediately, the father joined the twins and they started all over again.
仿写2：I proudly took out my own money and handed it to Dad.
翻译：我自豪地拿出自己的钱递给爸爸。
改写：(2021浙江读后续写) Proudly I took out my own money and handed it to Dad.
仿写句式八：现在分词开头
【示例】好奇地四处闲逛后，吉米溜进了厨房。
翻译：Wandering around with curiosity, Jim slipped into the kitchen.
仿写1：(2021新高考读后续写)After looking at the well prepared breakfast, the three exchanged an understanding
smile.
翻译：看着备好的早餐，三人会意地笑了。
改写：(2021新高考读后续写)Looking at the well prepared breakfast, the three exchanged an understanding
smile.
仿写2：(2023新高考读后续写) He held my hands and said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep
writing.”
翻译：他握着我的手说，“祝贺呀！你是好作家，继续写下去！”
改写：(2023新高考读后续写) Holding my hands, he said “Congratulations! You are a good writer, so keep
writing.”
仿写句式九：过去分词开头
【示例】问他发生了什么事情，他低下了头。。
翻译：When he was asked what had happened, he lowered his head.
仿写1：Father was astonished and was rooted on the floor, staring at the scene with eyebrow frowning.
翻译：爸爸很吃惊，愣在地上，皱着眉头注视着现场。
改写：(2021新高考读后续写)Astonished, Father was rooted on the floor, staring at the scene with eyebrow
frowning.
仿写2：After he was encouraged by my words, David looked at me with shining eyes, with his big toothy smile on
his lovely face.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}翻译：受我的鼓励，戴维闪亮的眼睛看着我，可爱的脸上挂着大大的笑容。
改写：(2022新高考读后续写) Encouraged by my words, David looked at me with shining eyes, with his big
toothy smile on his lovely face.
仿写句式十：强调句型开头
【示例】To get there on time, we hurriedly departed from home.
翻译：为了准时到达那里，我们匆忙从家里出发。
仿写1：I was overwhelmed with gratitude to my teacher at that moment.
翻译：就在那一刻，我对老师感激不尽。
改写：(2023新高考读后续写)It was at that moment that I was overwhelmed with gratitude to my teacher.
仿写2：His brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual happen finally.
翻译：正是他勇敢的心和坚定的信念，才使一些不同寻常的事情最终发生。
改写：(2022新高考读后续写)It was his brave heart and strong faith that could make something unusual
happen finally.
知识梳理篇
【知识梳理 1】2014-2023 高考已考过的词形转换 79 例
Group1 形容词→副词
1. rare罕有的，很少的→______罕有，很少(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
2. basic基本的→____________基本上，大体上(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
3. original起初的，原先的→____________起初，原来(2023·浙江1月)
4. eventual最后的→__________最后(2022·新课标Ⅰ)
5. accidental偶然的→__________偶然地(2022·新课标Ⅱ)
6. rough粗略的→____________大约(2022·浙江1月)
7. undoubted无疑的→________毋庸置疑地(2021·新课标Ⅰ)
8. sharp急剧的→____________急剧地(2021·浙江1月)
9. extreme极度的→__________极端地；极度地(2020·全国Ⅰ)
10. certain确定的→__________当然(2020·全国Ⅱ)
11. gentle平缓的→____________平缓地(2020·全国Ⅲ)
12. particular特别的→________尤其(2020·浙江1月)
13. poor不佳的→____________糟糕地(2019·全国Ⅰ)
14. final最终的→____________终于，最终(2019·全国Ⅱ)
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}15. huge巨大的→____________极其(2019·全国Ⅲ)
16. easy容易的→____________容易地(2019·浙江)
17. actual真实的→____________事实上(2018·全国Ⅱ)
18. recent近来的→____________近来(2018·浙江11月)
19. fair相当的→____________相当地(2017·全国Ⅱ)
20. real真正的→____________真实地(2017·浙江11月)
21. official正式的→__________正式地(2016·全国Ⅰ)
22. possible可能的→__________可能地(2013·广东)
【参考答案】
1.rarely 2.basically 3. originally 4.eventually 5. accidentally 6.roughly 7. undoubtedly 8.sharply
9. extremely 10.certainly 11. gently 12.particularly 13. poorly 14.finally 15.hugely 16. easily
17.actually 18. recently 19.fairly 20.really 21. officially 22.possibly
Group2 名词→形容词
1. difference差异，不同→______不同的(2023·全国甲)
2. taste味道，滋味→__________美味的(2023·新课标Ⅰ)
3. confidence自信，信心→______自信的(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
4. space空间，空地→__________宽敞的(2023·浙江1月)
5. meaning意义→____________有意义的(2022·全国甲)
6. day一天→____________每天的(2021·全国甲)
7. finance财政，金融→________财政的，金融的(2021·全国乙)
8. beauty美丽→____________美丽的(2020·全国Ⅱ)
9. wealth财富→____________富有的(2020·新课标Ⅰ)
10. luck运气→____________幸运的(2020·北京)
11. wonder惊奇→____________精彩的(2019·全国Ⅱ)
12. tradition传统→____________传统的(2019·全国Ⅲ/浙江)
13. energy精力，能量→________精力充沛的(2018·全国Ⅰ)
14. globe地球→____________全球的(2018·全国Ⅱ)
15. effect效应→____________有效的(2017·浙江11月)
16. nature自然→____________自然的(2015·全国Ⅱ)
17. sunburn晒伤→____________晒黑的(2014·广东)
18. patience耐心→____________有耐心的(2014·全国Ⅰ)
19. reason理由→____________合理的(2013·广东)
【参考答案】
1.different 2.tasty 3. confident 4.spacious 5. meaningful 6.daily 7.financial 8.beautiful
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}9.wealthy 10.lucky 11.wonderful 12.traditional 13.energetic 14.global 15. effective 16.natural
17. sunburnt 18.patient 19. reasonable
Group3 动词→名词
1. warn提醒，警告，告诫→______警示，提醒，告诫(2023·全国甲)
2. arrive到达，抵达→__________到达，抵达(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
3. protect保护→____________保护(2022·全国甲)
4. invite邀请→____________邀请(2022·浙江1月)
5. develop发展→____________发展(2021·全国乙)
6. celebrate庆祝→____________庆典；庆祝(2020·全国Ⅱ)
7. believe相信→____________信心，信任(2019·全国Ⅰ)
8. compete参加比赛→________比赛(2019·全国Ⅲ)
9. connect与……有联系→ 关系；连接(2019·浙江)
10. pollute污染→____________污染(2018·全国Ⅱ)
11. weigh有……重→__________重量(2018·浙江)
12. introduce引进；介绍→______采用；介绍(2017·全国Ⅱ)
13. educate教育→____________教育(2017·全国Ⅲ)
14. attract吸引→____________有吸引力的人或事物(2016·全国Ⅰ)
15. achieve完成→____________成就(2016·全国Ⅱ)
16. perform表演→____________表现(2016·浙江10月)
17. choose选择→____________选择(2009·广东)
【参考答案】
1.warning 2.arrival 3. protection 4.invitation 5. development 6.celebration 7.belief 8.competition
9.connection 10.pollution 11.weight 12. introduction 13.education 14.attraction 15.achievement
16.performance 17.choice
Group4 动词→形容词
1. remark谈论，说起；注意到→____________引人注目的，非凡的(2023·全国乙)
2. visit参观，游览→__________来访的(2023·新课标Ⅱ)
3. sleep睡觉→____________睡着的(2022·新课标Ⅱ)
4. educate教育→____________受过良好教育的(2021·全国乙)
5. astonish使惊讶→__________感到惊讶的(2021·新课标Ⅰ)
6. ache疼痛→____________疼痛的(2021·新课标Ⅰ)
7. afford买得起→____________支付得起的(2018·浙江)
8. shine发光，照耀→__________有光泽的(2017·浙江)
9. care关心→____________关心他人的(2016·四川)
149
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}10. surprise使惊奇→__________感到惊奇的(2016·浙江10月)
11. amaze使惊奇→____________令人大为惊奇的(2014·全国Ⅰ)
12. disappoint使失望→________感到失望的(2014·全国Ⅱ)
13. please使高兴→____________感到高兴的(2012·广东)
【参考答案】
1.remarkable 2.visiting 3. asleep 4.educated 5.astonished 6.aching 7.affordable 8.shiny/shining
9.caring 10. surprised 11.amazing 12. disappointed 13.pleased
Group5 形容词→名词
1. responsible负责的→________责任(2022·全国乙)
2. interesting有趣的→________吸引力，趣味；兴趣(2020·全国Ⅰ)
3. curious好奇的→____________好奇心(2020·全国Ⅲ)
4. accurate精确的→__________准确(性)(2020·新课标Ⅰ)
5. able有能力的→____________能力(2015·全国Ⅱ)
【参考答案】
1.responsibility 2.interest 3.curiosity 4.accuracy 5. ability
Group6 其他
1. strength力气→____________加强(2018·全国Ⅰ)
2. science科学→____________科学家(2018·全国Ⅲ)
3. surprise使惊奇→__________惊人地(2014·广东)
【参考答案】
1.strengthen 2.scientist 3. surprisingly
【知识梳理 2】2024 年高考可能考的名词词形转换 109 例
1. accept 9. anxious 17. believe
2. abundant 10. appear 18. brave
3. accurate 11. approve 19. bore
4. acquaint 12. allow 20. choose
5. acquire 13. argue 21. compare
6. admit 14. assist 22. compete
7. allow 15. base 23. complain
8. analyze 16. beg 24. consume
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}25. conclude 54. grow 83. publish
26. consequent 55. high 84. pursue
27. cruel 56. honest 85. qualify
28. curious 57. ignore 86. remove
29. detect 58. improve 87. recognize
30. deep 59. injure 88. refuse
31. depart 60. inspire 89. relax
32. depend 61. intend 90. relieve
33. describe 62. interpret 91. remind
34. destroy 63. introduce 92. represent
35. disturb 64. invite 93. resist
36. diverse 65. just 94. respond
37. efficient 66. laugh 95. secure
38. emergent 67. lie 96. short
39. enter 68. long 97. shy
40. enthusiastic 69. major 98. similar
41. equal 70. mix 99. solve
42. except 71. modest 100. starve
43. expect 72. necessary 101. strong
44. exist 73. occupy 102. suspect
45. expand 74. participate 103. survive
46. explain 75. permit 104. tend
47. explode 76. personal 105. vary
48. fly 77. poor 106. wide
49. fluent 78. popular 107. wise
50. found 79. prefer 108. withdraw
51. frequent 80. private 109. young
52. friendly 81. pronounce
53. generous 82. propose
【参考答案】
151
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}1. acceptance 2. abundance 3. accuracy 4. acquaintance 5. acquisition
6. admission 7. allowance 8. analysis 9. anxiety 10. appearance
11. approval 12. allowance 13. argument 14. assistant,assistance 15. basis
16. beggar 17. belief 18. bravery 19. boredom 20. choice
21. comparison 22. competitor, competition 23. complaint 24. consumption consumer 25. conclusion
26. consequence 27. cruelty 28. curiosity 29. detective 30. depth
31. departure 32. dependence, independence 33. description 34. destruction 35. disturbance
36. diversity 37. efficiency 38. emergency 39. entrance, entry 40. enthusiasm
41. equality 42. exception 43. expectation 44. existence 45. expansion
46. explanation 47. explosion 48. flight 49. fluency 50. founder, foundation
51. frequency 52. friendliness 53. generosity 54. growth 55. height
56. honesty 57. ignorance 58. improvement 59. injury 60. inspiration
61. intention 62. interpretation/interpreter 63. introduction 64. invitation 65. justice
66. laughter 67. liar, lie 68. length 69. major; majority 70. mixture
71. modesty 72. necessity 73. occupation 74. participant, participation 75. permit;permission
76. personality 77. poverty 78. popularity 79. preference 80. privacy
81. pronunciation 82. proposal 83. publication 84. pursuit 85. qualification
86. removal 87. recognition 88. refusal 89. relaxation 90. relief
91. reminder 92. representative 93. resistance 94. response 95. security
96. shortage 97. shyness 98. similarity 99. solution 100. starvation
101. strength 102. suspect, suspicion 103. survivor, survival 104. tendency 105. variety
106. width 107. wisdom 108. withdrawal 109. youth
【知识梳理 3】2024 年高考可能考的形容词词形转换 70 例
1. academy 6. afford 11. appeal
2. access 7. affection 12. authority
3. accident 8. ambition 13. benefit
4. achieve 9. athlete 14. caution
5. admire 10. apology 15. change
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}16. character 35. grammar 54. rely
17. compete 36. greed 55. religion
18. competence 37. harmony 56. regret
19. contradict 38. influence 57. repeat
20. controversy 39. ignorance 58. respect
21. cost 40. industry 59. smell
22. courage 41. introduction 60. space
23. create 42. intention 61. speech
24. endanger 43. instruct 62. spirit
25. delight 44. mountain 63. storm
26. distinguish 45. mystery 64. stress
27. energy 46. mud 65. theory
28. event 47. noise 66. tolerance
29. face 48. origin 67. thought
30. faith 49. progress 68. universe
31. favor 50. promise 69. volunteer
32. finance 51. passion 70. wood
33. fog 52. race
34. forget 53. region
【参考答案】
1. academic 2. accessible 3. accidental 4. achievable 5. admirable
6. affordable 7. affectionate 8. ambitious 9. athletic 10. apologetic
11. appealing 12. authoritive 13. beneficial 14. cautious 15. changeable
16. characteristic 17. competitive 18. competent 19. contradictory 20. controversial
21. costly 22. courageous 23. creative 24. endangered 25. delighted/delightful
26. distinguished 27. energetic 28. eventful 29. facial 30. faithful
31. favorite/favorable 32. financial 33. foggy 34. forgetful/unforgettable 35. grammatical
36. greedy 37. harmonious 38. influential 39. ignorant 40. industrial
41. introductory 42. intentional 43. instructive 44. mountainous 45. mysterious
46. muddy 47. noisy 48. original 49. progressive 50. promising
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}51. passionate 52. racial 53. regional 54. reliable 55. religious
56. regretful 57. repeated 58. respective/respectable/respectful 59. smelly 60. spacious
61. speechless 62. spiritual 63. stormy 64. stressed/stressful 65. theoretical
66. tolerant 67. thoughtful 68. universal 69. voluntary 70. wooden
【知识梳理 4】2024 年高考可能考的阅读高频词 120 例
1 abnormal 反常的, 异常的; 变态的 24 annoy 打扰, 干扰
2 absorb 吸收 25 annual 每年的, 年度的, 一年一次的
3 academic 学校的, 学院的;学术性的 26 apparently 显然地
4 accessible 容易取得的, 容易达到的 27 application 申请, 申请表, 申请书
5 accommodation 住处(尤指短期使用的) 28 appointment 约会, 约定;任命, 委派
6 account 账户;描述, 报道;解释; 说明 29 approval 赞成, 同意
7 accurate 精确的, 准确的 30 architect 建筑师, 设计师
8 acknowledge 承认, 供认 31 arouse 唤醒;引起, 激发
9 acquire 获得, 得到, 养成 32 as a consequence 因而,结果
10 adaptable 可适应的, 可改编的 33 aspect 方面;面貌, 模样, 神态
11 additional 增加的, 额外的, 另外的 34 assess 估价, 估计;评定，核定
12 adjust (改变…以)适应; 调整; 校正 35 asset 资产，财产，有价值的人或物
13 admiration 钦佩; 赞赏 36 assistance 帮助, 援助
14 agency 经销处, 代理行;部, 处 37 associate (使)联合; 结交, 结伙
15 aggressive 好争斗的, 挑衅的, 侵略性的 38 astronaut 宇航员, 太空人
16 allowance 津贴, 补助, 零用钱 39 at a loss 不知所措
17 alter 改变, 更改 40 audience 观众, 听众; 读者
18 alternative 两者择一的, 供替代的 41 authority 权力, 职权；官方, 当局；权威
19 amateur 业余的, 非职业的 42 available 可用的或可得到的
20 ambition 抱负, 雄心, 野心 43 ban 取缔, 查封, 禁止；禁止, 禁令
21 analysis 分析 44 barrier 栅栏,障碍, 隔阂
22 analyze 分析, 分解, 解释 45 block 街区, 街段；大块；障碍(物)
23 ancestor 祖先, 祖宗 46 breed 生育; 繁殖；饲养, 培养
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}47 budget 预算; 政府预算案 76 constantly 不变地,经常地,坚持不懈地
48 by design 故意地; 蓄意地 77 consume 消耗, 消费, 耗尽
49 calculate 计算, 估计 78 convince 使相信; 使明白
50 calorie 卡路里, 卡(热量单位) 79 cooperation 合作
51 campaign 运动；战役 80 count 有价值, 有重要意义;认为, 看作
52 cautious 小心的, 谨慎的 81 cover 涉及, 包含;控制, 支配
53 channel 海峡；通道; 水沟, 水渠 82 crash (使)猛撞, (使)撞毁
54 characteristics 特有的, 典型的 83 creativity 创造力,创造
55 charity 慈爱, 仁慈; 救济金 84 credit 借款; 贷款
56 chase 追捕, 追逐 85 criminal 刑事的, 犯罪的
57 circulate (使)循环, (使)流通 86 data 资料, 材料
58 circumstance 环境, 条件, 情况 87 decline 下降, 减少, 衰退
59 civilization 文明, 文化 88 decoration 装饰, 装潢
60 clue 线索, 提示 89 defend 辩护; 辩解
61 column 栏, 专栏(文章) 90 define 精确地解释; 界定
62 combination 联合体, 组合物 91 deliver 递送, 交付
63 comment 评论, 意见, 解释, 批评 92 demonstrate 论证, 证明
64 commercial 商业的, 商务的 93 description 描述, 形容
65 community 社区, 社会, 团体；大众, 公众 94 desert 舍弃, 遗弃
66 complaint 抱怨, 诉苦；投诉, 控告 95 deserve应受, 应得, 值得
67 complicated 结构复杂的 96 desirable 可取的, 值得拥有的, 合意的
68 composer (尤指古典音乐)作曲家 97 destructive 破坏性的, 毁灭性的
69 concentration 专心, 专注 98 device 装置, 设备, 器具
70 concept 概念; 观念; 想法 99 discipline 训练, 训导;处罚, 惩罚
71 confess 承认, 供认 100 dismiss 使退去; 解散
72 conflict 冲突, 抵触, 争论 101 distinction 区别, 明显差别, 特征
73 conscious 神志清醒的 102 distribute 散发; 散播; 分布
74 consequence 结果, 后果 103 document 公文, 文件, 文献
75 considerable 相当大(或多)的 104 domestic 国内的; 家用的;驯养的
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}105 drought 干旱(时期) 113 endure 忍受, 忍耐, 容忍
106 ecosystem 生态系统 114 enrich 使富有, 使富裕
107 efficient 有能力的, 效率高的 115 entertain 款待, 招待
108 element 要素;基础, 纲要, 原理 116 enthusiastic 满腔热情的,极感兴趣的
109 embarrass (使)窘迫; (使)局促不安 117 entirely 全部地, 整体地
110 emergency紧急情况,非常时刻 118 essential 必不可少的, 绝对必要的
111 emotion 情感, 感情, 激情 119 establish 建立, 成立
112 emphasis 强调, 重点 120 estimate 估计, 估价
【知识梳理 5】2024 年高考可能考的熟词生义 100 词
1.address (熟义:v.写地址 n.地址)
Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand is being addressed. (v.设法解决;处理)
2.advance(熟义:v.& n.前进,推进)
The new assistant asked for an advance on her salary. (n.预付款)
3.against (熟义:prep.反对;逆着;依靠;与……竞争)
The painting looks nice against the white wall. (prep.以……为背景;映衬)
4.age (熟义:n.年龄)
Challenging work might help your brain stay sharp as you age. (v.变老)
5.announce(熟义:v.宣布)
Warm sunshine announces the approaching of the spring. (v.预示着)
6.balance(熟义:v.& n.平衡)
Make sure that you go and check your bank balance. (n.差额;余款)
The school aims to balance the time spent on arts and science subjects. (v.权衡)
7.bar(熟义:n.棒,条;酒吧)
Poor health may be a bar to success in life. (n.障碍)
8.back(熟义:adv.& n.后面)
If you back your car out of the driveway, I can get mine in. (v.使倒退)
Many of his friends backed his plan of creating another platform. (v.支持)
9.blue(熟义:adj.蓝色的 n.蓝色)
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}Your elder sister appeared blue when she failed in her experiment last time. (adj.忧伤的)
10.build(熟义:v.建设)
My personal bodyguard has a solid build. (n.身材;体形)
11.badly(熟义:adv.坏地,恶劣地)
Both sides want to win the coming final so badly. (adv.很,非常)
12.cause(熟义:v.致使)
These young graduates are working for a great cause and I am proud of them. (n.事业)
13.chance(熟义:n.机会)
I‟m not sure of my success, but let me take a chance. (n.冒险)
I chanced to see the famous scientist last Sunday. (v.碰巧)
14.count(熟义:n.& v.计算,数)
There are 10 people in the classroom counting two teachers. (v.包括)
It is not how much you read but what you read that counts. (v.有价值;重要)
15.cover(熟义:v.覆盖)
The tourists had covered 20 miles before dark. (v.走完一段路)
How many pages have you covered? (v.看完多少页书)
Yesterday‟s discussion covered a lot of topics. (v.涉及)
These doctors‟ stories were covered in China Daily. (v.报道)
The money will cover all your expenses in the university. (v.够付)
16.cross(熟义:v.跨越,横穿 n.十字)
Don‟t be cross with him. After all, he meant to help. (adj.生气的)
17.cut(熟义:v.割)
Buyers will try hard to cut the cost of the house they want. (v.削减)
18.develop(熟义:v.发展;开发;研制)
Did you have the films developed?(v.冲洗胶卷)
After developing a strange disease, he developed an interest in medicine. (v.患病;逐渐形成)
19.digest(熟义:v.消化 n.文摘)
I struggle to digest the news in today‟s newspaper. (v.理解,领悟)
20.do (熟义:v.做)
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}The shoes won‟t do for mountain climbing. (v.行,适合)
What makes us relaxed is that everything is doing well. (v.进展)
21.down(熟义:adv.向下,在下面)
I have been down ever since I heard the news. (adj.情绪低落的)
22.employ(熟义:v.雇用)
The police employed force to open the door. (v.利用,使用)
She was employed in preparing for the sports meet. (v.忙于)
23.escape(熟义:v.逃跑;逃脱)
His name escapes me for the moment. (v.被忘掉;被忽视)
24.even(熟义:adv.甚至)
The room should be kept at an even temperature. (adj.均匀的,稳定的)
The woman singer smiled, showing her small even teeth. (adj.整齐的)
“I think you are mistaken,” my mother said in an even tone. (adj.平静的;平和的)
25.express(熟义:v.表达)
Is there an express from Nanjing to Shanghai? (n.快车)
I‟ll express the sea food to my parents. (v.快递)
26.fail(熟义:v.失败)
Trapped in a traffic jam, he failed to catch the train. (v.未能)
The professor is failing in health./The professor‟s health is failing. (v.衰退,衰弱)
Words failed me to describe my inner feeling. (v.使失望;有负于;使无能为力)
27.fine(熟义:adj.美好的,很棒的,晴朗的)
The man will be fined if he parks the car there. (v.罚款)
28.force (熟义:vt.强迫)
The hostess forced her way through the crowd of reporters. (v.用力;强行移动)
My head teacher forced a smile when he saw me. (v.挤出)
29.fresh(熟义:adj.新鲜的)
158
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}There is a shortage of fresh water on the island. (adj.淡的,无盐的)
The newcomer is clearly quite fresh to office work. (adj.无经验的)
30.fair(熟义:adj.公平的,合理的)
My sixty-year-old grandma has long fair hair. (adj.浅色的,白皙的)
An antique fair will be held in the city of Qufu. (n.商品交易会,展销会)
31.figure(熟义:n.数字,图形)
I figured that if I took the night train, I could be in Scotland by the morning. (vt.认为;认定)
Happily, my former deskmate is a leading figure in the music. (n.人物)
32.gain(熟义:v.获得,赢得)
Don‟t worry. My watch gains. We still have time. (v. 钟表快)
Just taking online lessons at home, I have gained weight recently. (v.增加速度,重量)
33.go(熟义:vi.去;变得)
The information goes to prove my point. (vi.对……有帮助,有助于……)
This imported machine goes by electricity. (vi.机器运行,运转,工作)
Does everything go smoothly these days?(v.进展)
The story goes that she has been married 5 times. (v. (故事)发生情况如何)
Frankly, the curtain doesn‟t go with the carpet. (vi.搭配)
34.hit(熟义:v.击中,打击)
The Indian film is quite a hit of this year. (n.成功;红极一时的人或事)
I couldn‟t remember where I‟d seen him before, and then it hit me. (v.突然想起)
35.hot (熟义:adj.炎热的)
We‟re waiting for the hot news on the election results. (adj.最新的)
She is one of our school‟s hottest young teachers. (adj.轰动的;走红的)
36.ill (熟义:adj.生病的;坏的;不良的)
The wild animals were obviously ill treated in this place. (adv.坏地,糟糕地)
37.inch(熟义:n.英寸)
The slim waitress inched the table to the wall. (v. (使)缓慢移动)
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}38.key(熟义:n.钥匙;答案)
The key factor in the bridegroom‟s success is his enthusiasm. (adj.关键的)
39.kid(熟义:n.小孩)
Take it easy. The captain is just kidding. (v.开玩笑;欺骗)
40.kill(熟义:v.杀掉,害死)
The three champions often kill time by playing cards. (v.消磨时间)
The chemist‟s joke killed the audience. (vt.使笑得要死)
41.last [熟义:adj.最后的 v.延续,够用(多久)]
This salesgirl is the last person to tell a lie. (adj.最不可能的)
42.leave(熟义:v.离开;剩下;留下)
Having worked hard for a long period, he decided to take a month‟s paid leave. (n.休假)
43.nobody(熟义:pron.没有人)
The coach wants to be famous. He is tired of being nobody. (n.小人物)
44.narrow(熟义:adj.狭窄的)
His competitor had a narrow escape when his car ran on the ice. (adj.勉强的,刚刚好的)
45.observe(熟义:vt.注意到,察觉到)
Do they observe Christmas Day in this country? (vt.庆祝节日,举行仪式等)
The workers belonging to the factory must observe the rules. (vt.遵守(规则、法律等))
46.practice(熟义:n.实践;练习)
He makes the practice of reading newspapers during breakfast. (n.惯例,习俗)
Where is your medical practice?[n. (医师、律师的)工作地点]
47.promise(熟义:v.& n.许诺)
The dark clouds promise rain and you‟d better take an umbrella. (v.有……的希望;使……有可能)
48.particular(熟义:adj.特殊的)
She is very particular about what she eats and wears. (adj.挑剔的,讲究的)
49.press(熟义:n.& v.按,压)
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}She pressed a letter into the mailbox and ran away. (v.将……塞进……)
The press seemed not to be interested in this meeting. (n.新闻界,媒体)
50.raise(熟义:vt.提高;饲养)
We had to raise money for our project. (vt.筹集)
His behavior has raised some people‟s doubt. (vt.引起)
51.read(熟义:v.阅读)
I didn‟t read my mother‟s thoughts at that time. (v.理解,领会)
The thermometer(温度计) has been reading over 90 degrees all day. (v.指示;显示)
The label reads, “Suitable only for children over there.”(v.写着)
52.reflect(熟义:v.映出;反射)
I have been reflecting on possible reasons for my failure. (v.仔细考虑)
53.return(熟义:v.回来;归还)
Would you like a single or a return? (n.往返车票)
54.rest(熟义:v.& n.休息)
She rested her head on her husband‟s shoulder. (v.把……倚靠在)
Usually parents rest their hope on their children. (v.依靠,依赖)
55.rush(熟义:v.迅速移动)
Don‟t rush me. I need time to think about it. (v.使……仓促行事)
56.say(熟义:vt.说)
Say that an earthquake breaks out, what will you do? (vt.假定)
57.shape(熟义:n.形状)
He‟s in a lot better shape since he‟s changed his lifestyle. (n.状况)
His generation firmly believed they could shape the future. (v.影响,形成)
58.sharp(熟义:adj.锋利的,锐利的)
Please come here at seven o‟clock sharp. (adv.几点整)
My roommate felt a sharp pain in her stomach. (adj.剧烈的)
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}59.shock(熟义:n.& v.震惊)
You could get an electric shock if you touch it. (n.电击)
60.shoot(熟义:v.射击;射中)
The trees give out new shoots in spring. (n.嫩芽;新枝)
61.shoulder(熟义:n.肩膀)
Young people should learn to shoulder the duty. (v.承担)
62.somebody(熟义:pron.某人)
He is somebody in his town but he is nobody here. (pron.有一定地位的人/物)
63.sound(熟义:n.声音)
It is really important to have a sound body. (adj.健康的)
That fact is that my wife is a sound sleeper. (adj.酣睡的)
64.spare(熟义:adj.多余的,备用的,空余的v.吝惜;拨出,抽出)
Help her with her homework and I will spare yours. (v.免除)
65.stand(熟义:v.站立;忍受)
There used to be a newspaper stand at the corner. (n.货摊;售货亭)
66.strength(熟义:n.力气)
Each of us has our own strengths and weaknesses. (n.强项)
67.strike(熟义:n.袭击,罢工)
It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision. (v.认为;想到;发现)
All the people present at the meeting were struck by the nurse‟s story. (v.打动)
Another typhoon struck this small city last week. (v.侵袭,袭击)
68.succeed(熟义:v.成功)
He will succeed his father as manager of the AI company. (v.接替)
Jim has just succeeded a large fortune from his uncle. (v.继承)
69.share(熟义:vt.分享)
Next year we hope to have a bigger share of the market. (n.股份,份额)
70.ticket(熟义:n.票)
Both the new drivers got a ticket for speeding. (n.罚票,罚款单)
71.tight(熟义:adj.紧身的;紧紧的)
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}To be honest, we have a very tight budget recently. (adj.手头拮据的)
I can‟t see you next week because the schedule is very tight.[adj. (时间)紧的]
72.touch(熟义:n.& v.接触,触摸)
What the general manager said really touched my heart. (vt.感动;触动)
73.treat(熟义:vt.对待;处理;治疗)
Be brave and I‟ll treat you to an ice-cream after the hiking. (v.款待,请客)
You‟re my honored guest, so it‟s my treat this time. (n.款待,请客)
74.taste(熟义:n.味道;味觉)
Actually, the colour and style is a matter of personal taste. (n.爱好,兴趣)
The disabled girl has very good taste in music. (n.欣赏力,鉴赏力)
75.voice(熟义:n.声音)
The man in charge voiced some doubts about our plan. (v.表达,吐露)
76.view(熟义:n.观点;风景)
How do you view the online learning during the long holiday? (v.看待)
77.walk(熟义:v.& n.行走;步行)
This society welcomes people from all walks of life. (n.行业)
Don‟t worry. I‟ll walk you to the high-speed railway station. (v.陪某人走,护送某人走)
78.wander(熟义:v.漫游,游荡,漫步)
Clearly, your deskmate‟s mind began to wander. (v.走神;神志恍惚;思想开小差)
79.wear(熟义:vt.穿戴)
The ticket collector always wears a happy smile. (vt.流露,面带,呈现(某种神态))
I suggest you buy this new material, because it wears well. (vi.耐用)
80.weigh(熟义:v.称……的重量;重达)
Please weigh the advantages and disadvantages of doing this! (v.权衡;斟酌)
81.agree with(熟义:同意)
Your story agrees with what I heard. (与……一致)
82.back(熟义:n.背)
Many of his friends backed his plan. (vt.支持)
83.cost(熟义:vt.花费;值……)
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}His careless driving cost him his life. (vt.使失去(生命、健康等))
84.cover(熟义:v.覆盖)
Here is £5. That should cover all your expenses. (v.足以支付，够付)
By sunset we had covered thirty miles. (v.走完一段路)
He is carrying out a research that covers a wild field. (v.涉及)
He was sent to cover the event. (v.报道)
85.book(熟义:n.书)
I'll book a ticket to Beijing. (v.预订)
86.course(熟义:n.课程;过程)
The main course was a vegetable stew. (n.-道菜)
87.cross(熟义:v.跨越,横穿 n.十字)
Don't be cross with him-after all, he meant to help. (adj.生气的)
88.case(熟义:n.情况;状况)
There are three cases of fever in school. (n.病例;案例)
89.chance(熟义:n.机会)
She chanced to be in when he was called. (v.碰巧)
90.charge(熟义:v.索价，收费;指控,控告)
Mother charged Alice to take good care of the baby. (v.赋予……责任或义务)
91.clean(熟义:adj.干净的)
I clean forgot about calling him. (adv.彻底地;完全地)
92.damage(熟义:v.&n.损坏)
He claimed $7,000 damages from the taxi company. (n.赔偿金(复数)=compensation)
93.desert(熟义:n.沙漠)
He deserted his wife and children and went abroad. (v.抛弃,离弃)
94.develop(熟义:v.发展;开发;研制)
Did you have the films developed?(v.冲印)
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}Most of the plants developed the disease. (v.患(病))
95.drive(熟义:v.驾驶)
Hunger drove her to steal. (v.迫使(某人做不好或极端的事))
96.divorce(熟义:v.与某人离婚)
You can't divorce science from ethical questions. (v.使分离;使脱离)
97.draw(熟义:v.画;拖;拉)
What moral are we to draw from the story? (v.获得，取得，推断出)
98.date(熟义;n.日期)
For a year I dated a woman who was a research assistant. (v.约会)
99.express(熟义:v表达)
His express wish was that you should come here by air. (adj.明确的)
Is there an express from Nanjing to Shanghai?(n.快车)
100.encourage(熟义:vt.鼓励;激励)
Good health encourages clear thinking. (v.促进，助长，刺激)
【知识梳理 6】2024 年高考熟词生义 18 例
1. soil 熟义：n. 土壤；土地；领土 生义：v.弄脏
【2024九省联考卷】Soiling his clothes, working on a hot September afternoon, this man saved a college student
from disaster, just because she could have been his daughter .
在炎热的九月下午，这位男士在工作中弄脏了衣服，却不顾一切地救助了一位大学生，因为在他看来，她
就像自己的女儿一样。（soil在本句中是动词，意思为弄脏）
2. reason熟义：n. 理由；原因 生义：n. 理性；理智 v. 推理；推论；推断
【2024九省联考卷】This is a built-in reaction not subject to logic or reason. Simple and relatively harmless
household objects can draw extreme fear responses from a bird.
这种反应是与生俱来的，不会受到逻辑或理性的束缚。哪怕是那些看似简单、相对无害的家居用品，也有
可能在鸟儿心中引起极端的恐惧。
3. beat 熟义：v. 打败（某人）；敲打；锤砸; (使)规律作响，做规律性运动 n. （心脏等的）跳动；击鼓声；
振翅声；跳动声生义：v. 避免；逃避; （用叉等）快速搅拌，打
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【2024九省联考卷】I sat alongside my car for several hours trying to beat the heat when an older gentleman
stopped to fuel his car.
我靠着我的车坐了几个小时，试图躲避炎炎烈日，这时一位上了年纪的绅士停下来为他的车加油。
4. pronounce 熟义：v. 发音；读生义：v. 正式宣布
【2024九省联考卷】After about an hour, he pronounced that my car was safe to finish the trip.
大约一个小时后，他确认我的车况良好，可以安全地继续剩下的旅程。
因此，在咨询了顾问之后，她安排他参加了私人课程，他在这些课程中学会了读唇术和正确发音。
5. dead 熟义：adj.死的生义：adj. （因为缺电）不运行的，不转动的
【2024九省联考卷】I was halfway across Indiana headed home to Kentucky when my car broke down. My phone
was dead, too.
在横穿印第安纳州朝位于肯塔基州的家行驶时，我的车中途抛锚了，手机也没电了。（dead在本句中考查的
是形容词含义“不运行的，不工作的”）
6. maintain 熟义：v. 维持；保持 生义：v.维修
【2024九省联考卷】I was working my way through university then and had little money for maintaining the car.
那时我一边工作一边读大学，几乎没有多余的钱用来维护我的车。
7. cast 熟义：v. 投﹐抛﹐扔﹐丢 生义：v.投射〔光或影〕；v.投去〔一瞥、一眼〕n.演员阵容﹐全体演员
【2024浙江1月卷】 McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it
was first performed and is a Children‟s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.
McMath 是 Beechwood 高中的一名高三学生。他曾在《汤姆·索亚》首次演出中出演角色，并且是一位活
跃于儿童剧场的演员，至今已参与了五场演出。
8. concern 熟义：n.担心，忧虑 v. 让（某人）担忧 生义：n. 关爱；关心 v.影响；涉及；与…有关
【2024浙江1月卷】Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning
a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies, Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
由于缺乏充分的科学证据来证明它们的影响，目前还没有人在针对播云公司的诉讼中获胜。因此，私人气
候工程能够在相对法律保护的环境中继续进行。
【2024.浙江1月卷】Your motivation should be your main concern.
你应该主要关注自己的动机。
9. course 熟义：n.课程生义：n.航向，航线; 进程，进展；一道菜；球场；跑道；泳道；江河流向
【2024浙江1月卷】In the course of a couple of hours, he showed me just how much one can gain from travelling
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}with an open mind, and a willingness to engage with locals from all walks of life.
在几个小时内，他向我证明了一个人如果怀着开放的心态去旅行，并愿意与不同领域的当地人交流，能够
收获多少宝贵的经验。
10. edge 熟义：n.边；边缘 生义: n.刀刃;（微弱的）优势 v. （使）徐徐移动，渐渐移动
【2024浙江1月卷】 However, while some of her classmates edged ahead, others actually fell behind. “It‟s just the
beginning,” she thought. “I‟ll come in last for sure.”
然而，尽管她的一些同学取得了进步，其他人实际上却落后了。“这只是开始，”她想。“我肯定会是最后一
个。”
11. pack 熟义： v. 收拾（行李）；装（箱）;打包；包装 生义：n. (商品的）纸包，纸袋，纸盒; 一群（动
物或猎狗）
【2024浙江1月卷】However, though it‟s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even more if
they could sometimes be offered in smaller packs.
然而，虽然在买一包香肠时能省下几分钱挺好，但如果能够有时提供小包装，那将更加方便。
12. produce 熟义：v. 生产, 制造 生义：v. 出示,展现,使出现; v.引起,导致,使产生 n.(农）产品
【2024浙江1月卷】If your supermarket sells loose produce, then buying smaller quantities is easier.
如果你的超市出售散装农产品，那么购买较小数量就更容易了。
13. regular 熟义：adj. 规则的； 频繁的；经常做的生义：adj.普通的；平凡的 n.常客；老主顾
【2024浙江1月】 McMath is a junior at Beechwood High School. He was in the cast of “Tom Sawyer” when it
was first performed and is a Children‟s Theatre regular, with five shows to his credit.
McMath 是 Beechwood 高中的一名高三学生。他曾在《汤姆·索亚》首次演出中出演角色，并且是一位活
跃于儿童剧场的演员，至今已参与了五场演出。
14. treat 熟义：vt. 对待；看待 生义：vt.治疗，处理；宴请，招待，款待 n. 款待
【2024浙江1月卷】A single sugary treat, selected by the child, was placed on a table.
孩子挑选的一个甜点被放在桌子上。
15. spare 熟义：adj. 空闲的 生义：adj. 空余的；备用的;闲置的 v.腾出;使免受; n.备用品
【2024浙江1月卷】So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady‟s managing agent, and had a
spare key sent to me with just enough time to get bad in before the actors arrived.
于是，我拨打了电话查询服务，联系到了我们房东的管理代理，并且在演员们到来之前，及时拿到了备用
钥匙。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}16. note 熟义：n.笔记,记录; 便条;记录，笔记生义：n. 纸币；调子，气氛; 音符；v.留意；意识到
【2024浙江1月卷】 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an
online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result.
他指出，他的线上课程的学生通常最后成绩较低。在线课程很容易被忽视，但这样做会导致你的成绩下降。
17. prize 熟义：n. 奖；奖赏；奖励；奖品；奖金 生义：v.珍视；高度重视
【2024浙江1月卷】Our formative environment as a species was information-poor, so our brains developed a
mechanism that prized new information.
在我们人类作为一个物种发展的初期，所处的环境缺乏信息，因此我们的大脑进化出了一种高度重视新信
息的机制。
18. throw 熟义：投；掷；抛；扔 生义：猛动（头、臂、腿）；挺起（胸）n. （沙发等的）套，罩
【2024浙江1月卷卷】Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some
throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more“young professional”.
为了吸引有才华的演员免费加入我的团队，我在沙发上铺上了装饰布，并点燃了蜡烛，营造出一种更符合“年
轻专业人士”风格的氛围。
【知识梳理 7】2023 年高考熟词生义 33 例
1. structure熟义：结构n 生义：总体安排
[2023年1月浙江首考]Camp Structure : The day is divided into two thematic sessions per age group...探险营总
体安排：
这一天每个年龄组分为两个专题会议...
2. assign熟义：分派，布置（工作、任务）v 生义：确定（价值、功能等）
[2023年1月浙江首考]The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in
social memory, social conventions and social relations.
确定意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。
3. run 熟义：跑v 生义：运行
[2023年1月浙江首考]Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours
can be a disaster.
大多数火车每天只开一趟，有些火车一周只开三趟，所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。
4. unfold熟义：打开v 生义：展现，呈现
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}[2023年1月浙江首考]Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the
window.
一本书，织毛衣，做一个填字游戏，或者只是看看窗外的世界。
5. type n熟义：类型生义：具有某种特征的人
[2023年1月浙江首考]Train trips aren't for impatient types.
火车旅行不适合没有耐心的人。
6. stretch n熟义 v（时间上）延续；（空间上）延伸 生义：一片地域
[2023年1月浙江首考]I followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.
我跟着养蜂人齐亚德穿过一片广阔的草原，然后进入了一片茂密的丛林。
7. inch熟义：n 英寸v生义：慢慢移动
[2023年1月浙江首考]Sitting on a branch, he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in
the hive.
他坐在一根树枝上，慢慢地向蜂箱靠近，用手电筒把烟吹进蜂箱上的一个小洞里。
8. sharp熟义：尖的，锋利的adj. 生义：刺耳的
[2023年1月浙江首考]Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry.
突然，齐亚德发出一声刺耳的喊叫。
9. court n熟义：法院，法庭；球场生义：宫廷，宫殿
[2023年1月浙江首考]In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the
Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect the culture of grassroots Beijingers.
与紫禁城、颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比，胡同反映的是北京人的草根文化。
10. stuff 熟义：n 东西，物品v生义：塞，填满
[2023年1月浙江首考]I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind
me.
我把一块布塞进洞里，把她带了出去，随手把门牢牢地关上。
11. branch n.熟词：树枝，分枝；生义：分部。
[2023全国甲卷] Head Chef David Thompson opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010.
总厨师大卫•汤普森于2010年在大都会酒店开设了这个分店。
12. credit 熟词：n. 信用，信贷；生义：v.认为是……的功劳。
[2023全国甲卷]She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}她把这些技能归功于她已故的祖父和建造者德里克•劳埃德。
13. split v. 熟词：分裂；分开；生义：分担，分摊。
[2023全国甲卷]Terri avoided losing the deposit on the house she rented by splitting the rent with a roommate.
特里通过和室友分担房子租金避免了她租的房子上的押金。
14. quarter n. 熟词：四分之一；一刻钟，十五分钟；生义：住所，住处
[2023 全国甲卷]Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly
effective at getting grizzlies away.
在养鸡场和其他农场动物住处做电剑网也很有效地使灰熊远离。
15. voice n. 熟词：嗓音，说话声；生义：意见，呼声
[2023全国甲卷]The voice of the biologists has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies.
生物学家的呼声已经阻止了美国鱼和野生动物的伤害灰熊。
16. square n. 熟词：正方形，正方形物；生义：广场
[2023新高考Ⅰ]Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals,
parks, squares and countless lights.
骑自行车是一种最经济、可持续、最有趣的方式来探索这座城市,它的运河、公园、广场和无数的灯光。
17. strategic adj. 熟词：战略的，策略的；生义：有用的，重要的
[2023新高考Ⅰ] With over 2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is
always a bike available for you.
在重要地点我们的五家租赁商店里,有超过2500辆自行车，我们确保有一辆自行车可供你使用。
18. trap n. 熟词：陷阱，网，圈套，诡计；生义：困境
[2023新高考Ⅰ] You‟ll hear these participants‟ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps
they encountered that you should avoid.
你会听到这些参与者的故事,学习哪些策略对他们来说很有效,以及他们遇到的你应该避免的困境。
19. capitalize v.熟词：提供资金；生义：利用
[2023新高考Ⅰ] This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren‟t always the same.
这一效应利用了一个事实,即当人们犯错时,这些错误并不总是一样的。
20. draw熟词：画画；生义：吸引，使感兴趣
[2023新高考ⅠI] Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place.
发现为什么艺术家和摄影师继续被吸引到这个特殊的地方。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}21. leaf 熟义：n. 叶；叶片；叶子生义：vt 匆匆翻阅；浏览
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out.
当我翻阅小说时，一张纸掉了出来。
22. land熟义：n. 陆地；大地生义： 落；降落；着陆
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]So, all the way across the country, your sister‟s old book landed in your hands.
所以，在全国各地，你姐姐的旧书都落在了你手里。
23. issue 熟义：重要议题；争论的问题 生义：一期；期号
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history,
philosophy, arts and fashion photography.
在每一期中，你都会发现关于美好生活、历史、哲学、艺术和时尚摄影的采访和文章的有趣组合
24. cover 熟义: v. 掩蔽；遮盖 生义: 包括；包含
[2023 新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum,
Heineken Brewery and much more.
2.5小时的游览包括古耶风车、瘦桥、国立博物馆、喜力啤酒厂等。
25. course 熟词：课程生义：跑道
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]On Oct. 1l, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey
should have finished the course earlier than she did.
10月1日，数百名选手在明尼苏达州参加越野赛。Melanie Bailey本应该比她早完成这门课的。
26. iron熟义：n. 铁 生义：（用熨斗）熨，烫平
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing
without being asked.
这可能是你帮助朋友做家庭作业的时候，也可能是你在没有被要求的情况下熨衣服的时候。
27. harvest 熟义：n. 收获季节；收割；收获生义：v. 收割（庄稼）；捕猎（动物、鱼）
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and
high school kids.
翻土、拔草、收割卷心菜，对中学生和高中生来说，这听起来像是一项艰巨的工作。
28. produce 熟义：v. 生产；制造 生义：n. 产品；（尤指）农产品
[2023 新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]Urban Sprouts‟ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on
experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}garden.
在两所初中和两所高中开设的“城市豆芽”课程包括动手实验，如土壤测试、花和种子解剖、品尝新鲜或干燥
的农产品，以及在花园里工作。
29. still 熟义：adv. 还；还是；仍然；依旧 生义：adj. 静止的；平静的；安静的；寂静的
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]Whether you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible.
无论你画的是静物画、肖像画还是风景画，都要尽可能地从生活中绘画。
30. correct 熟义：adj. 准确无误的；精确的；正确的 生义v.：改正；纠正；修正
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]I asked my older sister to correct my grammar.
我请姐姐纠正我的语法。
31. shot vt 射击 生义 n 尝试，努力
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]If you‟re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.
如果你愿意努力，我认为你有很好的机会做到这一点。
32. walk 熟义：n. 行走；步行；徒步旅行；散步生义：a walk of life行业；职业；地位；阶层
[2023全国乙卷]Tan treated women from all walks of life.
谭治疗过各行各业的女性。
33. back 熟义：n. （人体或动物的）背部，背；腰背生义：v. 支持；证实
[2023全国甲卷]Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and
memory.
几项研究支持了这一观点，并发现室内植物可以提高创造力、注意力和记忆力。
【知识梳理 8】2022 年高考熟词生义 25 例
1.accept熟义:v.接受;接纳 生义: v.忍受;承受
(2022·全国乙卷·D)However，some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola have accepted the sugar tax
and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.
然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，因为担心惹恼消费者而拒绝改变。
2.celebrate熟义:v.庆祝生义:v.赞美,颂扬
(2022·全国乙卷·A)This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland's
best loved painter, Sir Henry Raeburn comes to London.
这场展览将在伦敦举行,展出苏格兰最受欢迎的画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士的60多幅杰作,以纪念他的一生和
作品。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}3.creature 熟义:n.生物，动物 生义: n.(具有某种特征的)人
(2022·全国乙卷·完形填空)For a long time. this ineffective hiding method was interpreted as evidence that
children are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.
长期以来，这种无效的隐藏方法被解释为儿童是无可救药的“自我中心的”人的证据。
4.content熟义:n.(容器等)容纳的东西;内容 生义:n.含量
(2022·全国乙卷·D)Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre
of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
自4月份以来根据含糖量,饮料公司不得不为其生产或进口的每升含糖饮料支付18至24便士的税。
5.dead熟义:adj.死的 生义: adj. (机械或设备)不运行的，不转动的
(2022·新高考全国I卷·完形填空) We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.
我们被困在湖中，汽车熄火了。
6.draw 熟义:u.拉,拖;拔出;画;吸引生义:v.获取，得到
(2022·新高考全国I卷·A)Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete
short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class‟
lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class.
课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须做好准备，完成简短的课堂写作或测试,这些内容直接来自指
定的阅读材料或上节课的讲座/讨论笔记,因此在课堂上认真记笔记很重要。
7.drive 熟义:n.驾驶;驱车旅行 生义: n.冲劲;干劲
(2022·全国甲卷·D)We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a
young country.
我们建立在古老文化基础上，但同时还是一个充满动力和活力的年轻国家。
8.excuse 熟义:vt.原谅;宽恕;n.借口;理由生义:v.准许……离开,请求准予离开
(2022·新高考全国I卷·A)Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
因请假缺席而错过的短文将被接受。
9.introduce 熟义:v.介绍;引见 生义: v.推行;实施;采用
(2022·全国乙卷·D)First announced in April, 2016,the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than
5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity(肥胖).
该税收政策与2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖量超过5克的软饮料,实施该政策旨在帮助
减少儿童肥胖。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}10.keep 熟义:v.保持;保留;保管生义: v.饲养;供养
(2022·新高考全国I卷·C)She said:“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their
breakfast each morning before I went to school.”
她说:“我小时候养过母鸡，每天早上上学前都要为它们准备早餐。”
11.period 熟义:n.(一段)时间;时期;阶段 生义:n.学时,课时
(2022·新高考全国I卷·A)An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each
class period it is late.
没有按期在课堂上提交论文，每迟交一节课，分数就降为一个等级。
12.pick 熟义:v.摘;采;挑选;选择 生义:n.精品;精华
(2022·全国甲卷·A)Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK's touring shows, the
New Theatre is Cardiff's oldest surviving traditional theatre.
这座新剧院是加的夫现存最古老的传统剧院，它展示了西区的精华以及英国巡回演出的精品。
13.practice 熟义:n.练习;实践 生义: n.习俗;习惯
(2022·全国甲卷·七选五)The more time you spend in any given country, the more comfortable you'll begin to
feel with its foreign cultural practices.
你在任何一个国家待的时间越长，你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服。
14.present 熟义:v颁发,授予;赠送;提出;呈递生义:v.推出;上演
(2022·全国乙卷·A)Scottish National Portrait(肖像画)Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general
public.苏格兰国家肖像画廊为公众举办了一系列讲座。
15.produce熟义:v.生产,制造 生义: v.拿出，掏出
(2022·全国甲卷·完形填空)A year later, much to my delight, this man produced a little box with a ring and
proposed to me.
一年后，令我非常高兴的是,这个男人拿出一个带戒指的小盒子向我求婚。
16.random 熟义:adj.随机的;任意的 生义:adj.不可思议的;出人意料的
(2022·全国甲卷·七选五)Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but
they are important in various countries.
这些文化饮食礼仪规则可能看起来不可思议和奇怪，但它们在各个国家都很重要。
17.regard 熟义: v.认为……是;n.尊重 生义: n.关注，注意
(2022·全国乙卷·完形填空)They simply insist on mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.
174
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}他们只是坚持相互认可和关注。
18.reject 熟义:v.拒绝;排斥;嫌弃;冷落 生义:v.(因质量不好而)废弃
(2022·新高考全国I卷·B)It's jaw- dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away-from“ugly” (but
quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant
garbage cans.
虽能食用但因“长相难看”就被杂货店主丢弃的蔬菜,大量未食用就被扔进餐厅垃圾桶的菜肴,这些非常
不错的食物就这样被扔掉,简直令人吃惊。
19.roll 熟义:v.滚动;转动生义:v.(雷或鼓)隆隆作响
(2022·新高考全国卷·完形填空) The wind picked up and thunder rolled.狂风大作，雷声隆隆。
20.run 熟义:v.跑;运作;运转 生义: v.发表，刊登
(2022·新高考全国卷·七选五) Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your
Workout Partner.”
《健身》杂志最近发表了一篇题为“感谢锻炼伙伴的五个理由”的文章。
21.stick 熟义:v.刺入;粘住;贴住;伸出生义:v.放置
(2022·新高考全国I卷·B)I stuck the chicken in the freezer.我把鸡肉放在冰箱里。
22.subject 熟义:n.主题;科目;学科 生义:n.实验对象
(2022·全国乙卷·完形填空)Our young subjects comprehended the questions and knew exactly what was
asked of them.我们的年轻受试者理解了这些问题，并且确切地知道他们被问到了什么。
23.sweep熟义:v.打扫;横扫;掠过生义:n.连绵弯曲的地带
move 熟义:v.移动;搬家;使感动生义:v.促使/迫使(某人……)
(2022·全国乙卷·B)The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍)of the people move her to some beautiful
writing.大地的辽阔和人们的坚忍使她创作出了一些美丽的作品。
24.switch 熟义:n.开关v.改变;转变;交换 生义:n.(铁路的)道岔
(2022·全国乙卷·C)By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services
for railways. detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.
通过使用最新技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高价值的服务，在铁路或道岔出现任何安全问题
之前检测出故障。
25.way熟义:n. 方面 生义:adv.远远地;大大地
(2022·新高考全国I卷·B)Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I could have made six salads
175
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}with what I threw out.
更糟糕的是,我不假思索地买了太多;我本可以用我扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。
【知识梳理 9】2021 年高考熟词生义 29 例
1.determine 熟义:v. _________，_________ 生义: vt.
(2021•全国甲卷•D)And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius.
我们看得越多，就越会发现像性别、种族和阶级这样的社会因素并不能直接影响天才的出现。
2.dry 熟义:adj. _________ 生义: vt. _________vi. _________
(2021•新高考 I卷•C)Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).
数百万英亩的湿地被人为弄干涸，以养活和容纳不断增加的人口，大大减少了水禽的栖息地。
3.entry 熟义:n. _________ 生义: n. _________
(2021•全国甲卷•A)Each year，the high standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect
platform to showcase the very best photography of the British landscape.
每年，参赛作品的高水准表明，该奖项是展示英国风景最佳摄影作品的完美平台。
4.event 熟义:n. _________ 生义: n. _________
(2021•全国乙卷•A)All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still hosting the biggest events
in world sport.所有这些体育场馆仍在使用,仍在开放，仍在举办世界上最大的体育赛事。
5.excite 熟义:vt. _________ 生义: vt. _________
(2021•新高考 I卷•D)Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we
hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion
尽管情商继续受到大众的关注是可取的，但我们希望这种关注能激发人们对情感的科学和学术研
究更大的兴趣。
6.flow 熟义:v. _________ 生义:n. _________
(2021•新高考 I卷•B)His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician
doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves.
他的工作就是坐在钢琴师旁边，翻动乐谱，这样音乐家就不用自己动手破坏音流了。
我 9 岁那年，在一月一个灰蒙蒙的早晨，我们收拾好去洛杉矶的行装,来到伦敦希思罗机场。
7.given 熟义:prep. _________ 生义: n. _________
176
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}(2021•全国乙卷•完形填空)Oh，this isn't for the care I had. I take that as a given.
哦，这不是为了我接受过的照顾。我认为这是理所当然的。
8.grade 熟义:n. _________ 生义:n. _________
(2021•全国乙卷•完形填空) And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of
words that express different grades of gratitude.然后我意识到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感
激的词汇，事情会简单得多。
9.gray 熟义:adj. _________ 生义:adj. _________
(2021•全国甲卷•C)When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow,
London on a gray January morning.
10.head 熟义:n. _________ 生义:n. _________
(2021•全国甲卷•B)Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said:“Obviously we're all
absolutely delighted to welcome another calf to our black rhino family...”
林普尼港犀牛部门的负责人保罗•比尔说:“显然，我们都非常高兴地欢迎另一头小犀牛加入我们的
黑犀牛家族……”
11.inform 熟义:vt. _________ 生义: vt. _________
(2021•全国乙卷•A)In around 80 A.D..the Romans built the Colosseum, which remains the world's best
known stadium and continues to inform contemporary design.
大约在公元 80 年，罗马人建造了罗马斗兽场,它仍然是世界上最著名的体育场,并继续影响着当代
的设计。
12.must 熟义: modal verb. _________ 生义:n. _________
(2021•新高考 I卷•语法填空)While you're in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!
当你在中国时,黄山是必游之地!
13.note 熟义:n. _________;vt. _________ 生义:n. _________
(2021•新高考 I卷•B)He's interested in the music, feeling every note ...
他对音乐感兴趣，感受着每一个音符……
(2021•全国乙卷•完形填空)When she reached one nurse, she tried to press a five pound note into her
hand.
当她走到一个护士跟前时，她试图把一张五英镑的钞票塞到她手里。
14.makeup 熟义:n. _________ 生义:n. _________
177
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}(2021•新高考 I卷•D)Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything
desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation,
confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.”
现在许多人将情商误解为几乎所有无法通过智商测试衡量的人的气质，例如性格、动机、信心、
心理稳定性、乐观和“人际交往能力”。
15.passage 熟义:n. _________ 生义:n. _________
(2021•新高考 I卷•C)In1934，with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act),an
increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory(迁徙的)waterfowl
and the wetlands so vital to their survival.1934 年,随着《候鸟狩猎印花税法》的通过，一个日益关注
的国家采取了坚定的行动，以阻止对迁徙水禽和对其生存至关重要的湿地的破坏。
16.plant 熟义:n. _________ 生义:n. _________
(2021•新高考 I卷•完形填空)It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for temporary
help during our spring break.
春假期间，碰巧市中心的工厂需要八个孩子临时帮忙。
17.point 熟义:n. _________;vt. _________ 生义:n. _________
(2021•全国甲卷•A)Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point I
came across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh
snow.
我沿着一条穿过森林的小路向当地的舒林西勒高地走去，遇到了一小块空地，立即注意到了在新
雪的映衬下枯黄的草丛。
18.pour 熟义:v. _________ 生义: vi. _________
(2021•全国乙卷•A)People have been pouring into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
从古希腊时代起，人们就一直不断涌入体育场馆。
19.pressure 熟义:n. _________生义:v. _________
(2021•全国乙卷•C)Von Wonghopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce
their plastic footprint.冯•王希望他的工作也能帮助迫使大公司减少他们的塑料足迹。
20.ride 熟义:v. _________ 生义:vt. _________
(2021•全国乙卷•七选五)I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the
back.
178
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}我和这些疯狂的人一起乘坐公交车，他们在后面嘲笑愚蠢的笑话。
21.role 熟义:n. _________ 生义:n. _________
(2021•新高考 I卷•完形填空)Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.
我们在工厂的职责很简单:将蛋糕放在移动的传送带上。
22.run 熟义:v. _________ 生义:vt. _________
(2021•全国甲卷•B)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding(繁育) programme, has welcomed the
arrival of a rare black rhino calf(犀牛幼崽).负责繁育计划的林普尼港保护区迎来了一只稀有的黑犀
牛幼崽。
23.score 熟义:n. _________ 生义:n. _________; vt. _________
(2021•全国甲卷•七选五)It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your
friends, and have a party all at the same time.
这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里淘到衣服并同时举办派对的最佳方式。
24.seat 熟义:n. _________ 生义:vt. _________
(2021•全国乙卷•A)Rome's Colosseum was 157 feet tall and had 80 entrances, seating 50.000 people.
罗马斗兽场高 157 英尺，有 80 个入口，可容纳 5 万人。
25.set 熟义: _________ 生义:vi. _________
(2021•全国甲卷•A)I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised that the mist was little more than a
few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb. I found myself completely above it and looking at a
wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun setting in the west.
我爬到一个小山丘的顶部,意识到雾只有几英尺深，虽然攀爬的路程很短，但我发现自己已经完全
爬到了山顶上，在夕阳西下的背景下，我看到了斯基多非常清晰的景色。
26.shot 熟义:n. _________;v. _________ 生义:n. _________
(2021•新高考 I卷•A)Hostel Alessandro Palace is fun. Staff members hold plenty of bar events for
guests like free shots bar crawls and karaoke.
亚历山德罗宫旅馆很有趣。工作人员为客人举办了许多酒吧活动，如免费酒水酒吧爬行和卡拉 OK。
27.sink 熟义:v. _________ 生义:n. _________
(2021•新高考卷•读后续写)Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.
珍娜把烧焦的一块扔进水槽里，然后放入另一片面包。
28.stand 熟义:vi. _________ 生义: n. _________
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}(2021•新高考 I卷•B) “I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the
turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand,”Mr Titterton said, “Luckily, I was able to catch them
and put them back.”
蒂特顿先生说:“我正在翻页为下一页做准备，但翻页的风导致备用页从架子上掉下来，幸运的是
我抓住了它们并将它们放回去。”
29.weight 熟义:n. _________ 生义: n. _________
(2021•全国乙卷•七选五) He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the
most.
他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬压力的人。
【知识梳理 10】2020 年高考熟词生义 20 例
1. absorb熟义:vt.吸收 生义:vt.理解,消化
(2020•新高考I卷•七选五)In fact, most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker's message.
事实上，大多数人只理解了演讲者信息的20%。
2. address 熟义:n.地址 生义:vt设法解决，处理
(2020•7月浙江卷•B)“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed,”
says Alex Stevanovic.
3. age 熟义:n.年龄 生义:vi.变老
(2020•7月浙江卷•C)Challenging work that requires lots of analytical thinking, planning and other managerial
skills might help your brain stay sharp as you age.随着年龄的增长，需要大量分析思维、计划和其他管理技能
的具有挑战性的工作可能会帮助你的大脑保持敏锐。
4. battle 熟义:n.战斗，战役 生义: 争夺;竞标
(2020•全国Ⅱ卷•完形填空) Nicolo and another bidder battled until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32.
尼科洛和另一位竞标者进行了竞标，直到尼科洛最终以32美元的价格赢得了这些画。
5. beat熟义:vi.击打 生义: vt.快速搅拌
(2020•全国I卷•短文改错)Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopsticks.
紧接着我把鸡蛋打进碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。
6. big 熟义:adj.大的 生义:adj.重要的，重大的
(2020•全国Ⅲ卷•C)We spoke more with Nick because I think it's a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.
我们和尼克进行了更多的交谈，因为我认为对尼克来说和他的岳母住在一起是件大事。
180
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}7. bond 熟义:n.关系，联系 生义: vt.培养一种特殊的关系
(2020•全国Ⅱ卷•D)It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.
这是一个特殊的时刻，我与我的孩子们培养了一种特殊的关系，这让他们对书充满了好奇。
8. bridge熟义:n.桥 生义:n.起桥梁，作用的东西，纽带
(2020•全国Ⅱ卷•D)I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港)for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a
reader with a book.
我认为图书馆对于读者和作家来说是一个安全的避风港，是把书和读者联系在一起的纽带。
9. broken熟义:adj.破损的 生义: adj.虚弱的
(2020•新高考I卷•C)He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind.
随着身体虚弱和记忆力丧失，七个月后他离开了。
10. case熟义:n.情况 生义:n.套;盒;箱;容器
(2020•全国I卷•听力材料)It has one of the new memory sticks, and a protective case for filming underwater, so
you can take it when you go diving.
它有一个新的记忆棒和一个水下拍摄用的保护套，所以当你潜水时，你可以带着它。
11. cold 熟义:adj.寒冷的 生义:adj. 冷酷的
(2020•全国Ⅱ卷•七选五)Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly.
即使是一封正式的电子邮件也好像是冷漠的、不友好的。
12. cover熟义: v.覆盖生义: v.涵盖，包括,涉及;足以支付,够付
(2020•全国卷•听力材料)The language use is good and the main points are covered.
语言运用良好，并涵盖了主要要点。
(2020•新高考I卷•B)Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills.
她丈夫做两份工作来维持开支……
13. curtain 熟义:n.窗帘 生义:n.幕,帷幕
(2020•7月浙江卷•A)The curtains are about to open, and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the
story.
帷幕即将拉开，几分钟后，动作和对话将为你讲述这个故事。
14. destroy 熟义:vt.破坏 生义: vt.杀死
(2020•新高考I卷•C)...millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.
……数百万生命因海水的渐渐干涸面逝去。
181
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}15. difficult 熟义:adj.困难的 生义: adj.(人)难以讨好的
(2020•全国Ⅲ卷•完形填空)If a customer is rude or difficult, just think “Maybe she's had a row with her husband.
Maybe her child's not well.”
如果顾客粗鲁或难缠，就想“也许她和她丈夫吵架了，也许她的孩子身体不好。”
16. draw熟义:vt.画画 生义:vt.引起
(2020•全国Ⅲ卷•B) Already，a number of films ... have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in
them haven't been treated properly.
一些电影……已经引起了动物保护主义者的愤怒，他们说在电影中表演的动物没有得到善待。
17. drive熟义:v.开车 生义: vt.迫使，逼迫
(2020•全国I卷•完形填空)It will drive us crazy.它会让我们发疯。
18. eye 熟义:n.眼睛 生义:n.视角
(2020•新高考I卷•C)Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a
well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
比斯尔先生从西方人的角度巧妙地表达了他的深刻见解和文化借鉴,使他的故事全面展现了乌兹别克斯坦。
19. fair 熟义:adj.公平的生义:n.展销会
(2020•全国Ⅱ卷•D)Sponsor book fairs.
赞助书展。
20. farm 熟义:n.农场;农舍 生义:vt. 饲养
(2020•7月浙江卷•完形填空)I‟ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years.
我在山坡上养了54年羊。
【知识梳理 11】2018-2023 高考派生词合成词 108 例
第一组 巧借词缀推断词义36例
1.[2023·全国甲卷]Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without
learning bad habits.
2.[2023·新高考I卷]If for whatever reasons, people‟s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the
estimate will go down.
3.[2023·全国甲卷]Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice
attempted to de-list grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted.
182
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}4.[2020·新高考I卷]Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification.
5.[2020·全国I卷] Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs?
6.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Yet，by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper
basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.
7.[2022·天津6月卷] In the fictional worlds of film and TV artificial intelligence(AI) has been described as so
advanced that it is indistinguishable from humans.
8.[2021·全国乙卷]The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the
participants in the 70 decibels group...significantly outperformed the other groups.
9.[2021·天津 3月卷]We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of
ourselves and the universe.
10.[2019·北京卷]This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football basketball.
11.[2022·新高考1卷]...we find today is the product of a complex interplays of things like biological change and
cultural evolution...
12.[2021·北京卷]The clock registers both short-term irregularities and long trends in river dynamics.
13.[2021·浙江6月卷]It doesn‟t impress like George Washington's plantation, but Lincoln's home in downtown
Springheld, Illinois, has proved irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.
14.[2022·浙江6月卷] In New York, a multicultural city, students like me are blessed with a chance to work with a
diverse population.
15.[2020·全国Ⅲ卷]Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol-one of a growing
number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.
16.[2021·浙江1月卷] Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal
communication.
17.12020·全国Ⅲ卷 In some cases, it‟s not so much the treatment of the animals on set
in the studio that has activists worried it‟s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.
18.[2020·北京卷]Since the early days of AI imagination has outpaced what is possible or even probable.
19.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷]Participation in a post-visit survey is required.
20.[2022·全国乙卷]Last admission to the exhibition:17.15. There is no re-admission.
21.[2020·天津卷]This new start gave me an opportunity to redefine myself and discover an entirely new version of
" cool".
183
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}22.[2022·浙江1月卷]For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist.
23.[2020·全国I卷]The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into
self-powered street lamps.
24.[2020·北京卷]In 1965, an imaginative mathematician called Irving Good predicted the eventual creation of an
"ultra-intelligent machine...that can far surpass all the intellectual(智力的) activities of any man, however clever."
25.[2021·全国甲卷]When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different
color or belief they were unacknowleged and rejected by others.
26.[2018·北京卷]For many, finding an unattended wallet filled with $400 in cash would be a source (来源) of
temptation(诱惑).
27.[2018·浙江卷]Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged.
28.[2021·全国乙卷]Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact (影响) travel to undisturbed places.
29.[2022·新高考I卷]We waste food unintentionally at times.
30.[2022·全国乙卷]To strengthen the connection with young people... inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from
around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
31.[2022 新高考 I 卷]The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously
unprotected bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to increase
effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
32.[2022·新高考I卷] Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much I could have made six salads with
what I threw out.
33.[2021北京卷] Recently, I conceptualized a new approach to timekeeping that's connected to circumstances on
our planet...
34.[2022·浙江6月卷] High conscientiousness is related to low job performance...
35.[2021·新高考I卷] The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers
re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
36.[2021·新高考I卷] Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的)
intelligence.
【答案速查和提分速记】
1.attract 吸引+-ant +-free 没有……的→attractant-free adj. 没有引诱物的
2.cor-和……一道/一起+related 有联系的一correlated adj.相互关联的(cor-同com, m在 r音前同化为r)
184
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}3.de-除掉，去掉+list 名单,清单→de-list vt.把……从名单中划去
4.dis-不，非，相反+qualify 使取得资格 +-tion→ disqualification n.取消资格
5.em-疏子，使处于某种状态+power 能量→empower.给予……的权力
6.im-不，非+ perfect完美的 +-ion imperfection n.不完美
7.in-不，非+distinguishable可辨认的indistinguishable adj. 不可辨认的
8.①in- 不，非+significant 重要的→insignificant adj.微不足道的
②out- 超过+perform 做，表现→outperform v.做得比……好,胜过
9.inter-相互+connect联系+-ed+-ness→ interconnectedness n.互联性
10.inter-相互+depend依赖，依靠+-ence→ interdependence n.相互依赖
11.inter-在……之间+play作用,影响→interplay n.相互影响
12.ir-不，非+regular有规律的+-ity→ irregularity n.无规律的事物
13.ir-不，非+resistible 可抗拒的→irresistible adj. 无法抗拒的
14.multi-多个+culture 文化+-al→ multicultural adj.多元文化的
15.multi-多个+generation一代人+-al→ multigenerational adj.多代的
16.non- 无，没有+verbal 言语的→non-verbal adj.非语言的
17.off-不在……上，离开+set舞台,摄影场→off-set adj.在拍摄场外的
18.out-超越,超过+pace 速度→outpace v.(在速度上)超过,比……快
19.post- 后，以后+visit 访问→post-visit adj.访问后的
20.re-再，回+admission 进入→re-admission n.允许再次进入
21.re- 再，又，重新+define 定义→redefine v.重新定义
22.self- 自身的，对自身+employ 雇用 +-ed→self-employed adj.个体经营的，单干的
23.self-自己+power 驱动 +-ed→self-poweredadj.自供电的
24.ultra- 极，超过某限度+intelligent 智能的→ultra-intelligent adj.超智能的
25.un-非,不+acknowledge 认可，承认+-ed unacknowledged adj.不被承认的
26.un-非，不+attend照料+-ed→unattended adj.主人不在场的,无人看管的
27.un-非，不+ challenge质疑+-ed→unchallenged adj.不被质疑的
28.un-非，不+disturb 干扰+-ed>undisturbed adj.未被打搅的
29.un-非，不+intentionally故意地→unintentionally adv.无意地
30.un-非，不+interrupt打断+-ed→uninterrupted adj.不间断的
185
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}31.①un-未，不+protect保护+-ed→unprotected adj.未受保护的
②in-不，非+consistency一致性→ inconsistency n.不一致
32.un-非，不+thinking思想的,有思考力的+-ly unthinkingly adv.考虑不周地
33.concept概念 +-ual+-ize→ conceptualize v.将……概念化
34.conscientious勤勉认真的 +-ness conscientiousness n.勤勉认真
35.①function功能+-al+-ity→ functionality n. 功能性
②adapt 适应+-ive+-ly→adaptively adv.适应地
36.popular普遍的，流行的+-ize+-ation一popularization n.推广，普及
第二组 顾名思义妙猜合成名词12例
1.[2023·新高考Ⅱ卷]These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in
the future.
2.[2022·新高考I卷]These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
3.[2022·全国甲卷]Goffin‟s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have
similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.
4.[2022·全国甲卷]Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests.
5.[2022·浙江1月卷]The downturn hit the real estate(房地产)firm where she had worked for ten years as an office
manager.
6.[2022·浙江6月卷]The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter...
7.[2022·北京卷]He was treated for frostbite on his hands.
8.[2021·天津3月卷]The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and
less.
9.[2020·全国III春] From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well.
10.[2020·浙江卷]For all of Bellevue's success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways.
11.2018·全国I卷 Everybody can buy takeaway food but sometimes we‟re not aware how cheaply we can make
this food ourselves.
12.[2018·全国I卷]In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread
of universal compulsory education...
【答案速查和提分速记】
1.spring(跳)+board(板)→springboard 跳板，基础
186
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}2.hunter(狩猎者)+gatherer(采集者) →hunter- gatherer 狩猎采集者
3.shape(形状)+recognition(识别)→shape- recognition 形状识别
4.trial(试验)+and+error(错误)→trial-and- error反复试验，不断摸索
5.down(向下)+turn(转变)→downturn 下降，衰退
6.go(去)+get(获得)+er→go-getter积极进取的人,实干家
7.frost(严寒天气)+bite(咬)→frostbite冻伤，冻疮
8.draw(拉)+back(向后)→扯后腿的事物→ drawback 缺点，不利条件
9.stand(站)+point(地点)→standpoint 立场，观点
10.cure(治愈)+all(一切)→cure-all 万灵药, 灵丹妙药
11.take(带走)+away(离开)→takeaway 外卖食品，外卖餐馆
12.nation(民族)+state(国家)nation-stale单一民族的独立国家合成词
第三组 顾名思义妙猜合成动词 8例
1.[2023·全国乙卷] The Chinese coach transformed Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the world, helping her
skyrocket from an average member of the national team to the top of the sport.
2.[2022·全国甲卷]As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo
penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to
be a trip Ginni would never forget.
3.[2021·全国甲卷]It‟s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted
at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
4.[2021·北京卷]One's potential cannot always be underrated.
5[2021·北京卷]Anyone who considers river time in relation to atomic time will encounter a major imbalance and
may be motivated to counteract it by consuming less fuel or supporting greener policies.
6.[2020全国Ⅱ卷]Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into
clothes in different styles.
7.[2019-全国 I卷]The likables‟ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start
interpersonal skills and...
8.[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.
【答案速查和提分速记】
187
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}1.sky(天空)+rocket(火箭)→skyrocket急升，猛升
2.kick(踢)+start(开始)→用脚时启动kick-start 促使……开始，使(项目)尽快启动
3.black(黑色的)+list(名单)一blacklist黑名单,此处作动词,表示"把……列人黑名单
4.under-(不足,未)+rate(评价,评估)
5.counter-(反对，对立)+act(行为，们 counteract 抵制，抵消
6.show(展示)+case(事实)→showcase 展示
7.jump(跳)+start(开始)→jump-start 全力启动,加快开展
8.short(简短的)+list(名单)→short-list入围名单,此处作动词,表示"把……列入人围名单"
第四组 顾名思义妙猜合成形容词 43例
1.[2023·全国甲卷] It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.
2.[2022·新高考I卷] A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new
speech sounds that are now found in half the world's languages.
3.[2022·全国甲卷] It‟s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away...
4.[2022新高考II卷] The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything
else that is not allowed under New York‟s hands-free driving laws.
5.[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷] The second group did high-intensity aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four
or more days a week.
6.[2022·全国乙卷] A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed(牵涉) drilling
through the Rockies often in blinding snowstorms.
7.[2022全国乙卷] Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines.
8.[2022·全国乙卷] Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax...
9.[2022全国乙卷] It is a short-sighted decision.
10.[2022·全国甲卷]A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步)40 days to Xi‟an, as a first step
to journey the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
11.[2022·浙江1月卷] I‟ve always been independent-spirited and 1 just feel strongly that I must help animals.
12.[2022·浙江1月卷] She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
13.[2022·浙江6月卷] Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made few errors than those
who practiced extensively or not at all.
188
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}14.[2022·浙江6月卷] Markman also promotes off-task time.
15.[2022·天津6月卷] Older Western philosophers and mainstream language researchers believe this is fact...
16.[2022·北京卷] Peer(同伴) Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) is a peer-facilitated learning program available to
students enrolled(注册) in most core units of study in our business school.
17.[2021全国乙卷] He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage, forcing viewers to re-examine their
relationship to single-use plastic products.
18.[2021·新高考1卷]It's one of the best-rated hostels in the city, and for good reason.
19.[2021·新高考1卷]Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms
Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
20.[2021·新高考1卷]Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most
of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
21.[2021·新高考I卷] What is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
22.[2021-浙江6月卷]Seeking other like-minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely
place: online.
23.[2021浙江6月卷]Any small interruption--a price check, a chatty customer—can have downstream effects,
holding up an entire line.
24.[2021·北京卷] Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
25.[2021·天津3 月卷] Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole,
well-lived life.
26.[2020全国I卷]In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto
plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant's lifetime.
27.[2020·全国I卷]Model Paige Morgan says, "To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without
someone throwing paint on them..."
28.[2020·全国Il卷] In this case, one of a realistie-looking ape.
29.[2020·全国II卷] A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.
30.[2020·新高考I卷] Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a
well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes.
31.[2020北京卷] At the core of Lancom is a world-class effective method that enhances language learning with
advanced technology.
189
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}32.[2020·北京卷]In 2015，scientists discovered that a 10th-century English medicine for eye problems could kill a
drug-resistant virus.
33.[2020·天津卷]A full-length pose would be much too big a project for a young woman your size.
34.[2019·全国I卷] The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is
mostly made of inexpensive plastic-like parts.
35.[2019·全国I卷]Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology.
36.[2019·全国Ⅲ卷]However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern
cities.
37.2019·全国Ⅲ卷]Participate in discussion forums(论坛),blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.
38.[2019·浙江卷]Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees?
39.[2019·天津卷]To many people, technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to
distant planets.
40.[2019·天津卷]...he found almost 800 students lining the hallways with handmade cards, blowing noisemakers
and singing a full-throated happy birthday to him.
41.[2018·全国I卷]They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop
computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
42.[2018·全国Ⅱ卷]...when the government started a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer
recommendations to farmers...
43.[2018·天津卷]Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them,
and the printing process is quite time-consuming because ingredients interact with each other in very complex
ways.
【答案速查和提分速记】
1.①back(背部)+break(使折断)+-ing→ backbreaking 非常繁重的，吃力的
2.①ground(地)+break(打破)+-ing→打破地面的→ground-breaking 开辟新天地的,开拓性的
②diet(日常饮食)+related(相关的)→diet- related 日常饮食相关的
3.jaw(下巴)+drop(使掉下) +-ing→使下巴掉下的→jaw-dropping 令人大惊失色的
4.hand(手) +free(自由的)→不需要用手拿的→hands-free 不需用手操作的
5.high(高的)+intensity(强度)high-intensity高强度的
6.hair(毛发)+raise(使直立)+-ing→hair- raising使人毛骨悚然的，惊险的
190
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}7.high(高的)+tension(电压)→high-tension高压的
8.milk(奶)+-based(以……为重要部分的)一 milk-based 以奶为重要部分的
9.short(短的)+-sighted(有……视力的)→ short-sighted目光短浅的,无远见的
10.visually(视觉地)+challenged(伤残的)→visually-challenged 视觉有缺陷的
11.independent(独立的)+-spirited(有某种精神的)→independent-spirited 精神独立的 12.tax(税)+-free(没
有……的)→tax-free 免税的
13.before(在……之前)+hand(手)→先下手→beforehand 预先，事先
14.off(不在……上，离开)+task(任务)→ off-task非任务的
15.main(主要的)+stream(溪流)→mainstream主流的
16.peer(同伴)+facilitate(促进)+-ed→peer-facilitated 同伴促进的
17.single(单个的)+use(使用)→single-use供一次使用的
18.best(最好)+rate(评价,评估)+-ed→best- rated 评价最高的
19.up(向上)+and+coming(即将到来)→向上的状态即将到来→up-and-coming 有前途的
20.skill(技能)+-based(以……为基础的)→skill-based 基于技能的
21.breath(呼吸)+take(带走)+-ing→能够带
走人呼吸的→breathtaking 激动人心的,令人赞叹的
22.like(相似的)+-minded(思维……的)→ like-minded 想法相同的,志趣相投的
23.down(向下)+stream(小河，溪)→顺着河流向下的→downstream 引发的，导致的
24.under(在……过程中)+way(路线，道路)→underway已经开始,进行
25.well(好地)+live(生活，过日子)→well-lived 美好的
26.one(一)+off(不会再发生)→oneoff一次性的
27.guilt(内疚，罪责)+-free(没有……的)→guilt-free 没有负罪感的
28.realistic(逼真的，栩栩如生的)+looking(相貌)→realistic-looking 相貌逼真的
29.sea(海)+dwell(居住)+-ing→sea-dwelling在海上居住的
30.well(非常)+rounded(全面的)→well-rounded 全面的
31.world(世界)+class(等级，级别)→world-class 世界级的，世界一流的
32.drug(药)+-resistant(耐……的)→drug-resistant 耐药的
33.full(最大量的)+-length(有……长度的)→full-length 全身的
34.straight(直接地)+forward(向前)→直接向前,没有曲折→straightforward 简单的
191
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}35.well(充分地)+explore(调查研究,探究) +-ed→well-explored 充分研究的
36.common(普遍的)+place(地方)→commonplace 普遍的
37.open(开放的)+end(终点)+-ed→open-ended 无限制的,自由的
38.well(好)+-intentioned(……意图的)→well-intentioned 出于好心的,善意的
39.hand(手)+hold(拿，握)→hand-held 手提式的,便携式的
40.full(最大量的)+-throated(喉部……的)→full-throated 声音洪亮的
41.on(根据，按照)+demand(需要)→on-demand按需的，点播的
42.soil(土壤)+test(检测)+-ing-soil-resting检测土壤的
43.time(时间)+consume(消耗)+-ing→time-consuming 耗时间的,费时的
临考心理篇
【临考心理篇 1】冲刺阶段英语怎么复习备考
一、旧错屡犯，成绩难提高
这种现象的产生是因为不少同学没有从错题中总结经验，没有找出犯错的根本原因，而是一味认为自
己没有记住。其实，有些错误的产生是因为错误思维造成的。
解决办法：分析错题、追根求源，反思错题、塞翁失马。
二、不注意知识系统化
不把知识系统化，是复习效益低下的最根本原因之一。没有系统，就难有头绪，各知识间就彼此孤立，
各部分内容复习到什么火候，哪些地方过关了，哪些地方还是薄弱环节，心中无数。
解决办法：第一轮复习完后，应在各知识点梳理的基础上，找出各知识点间和方法间的有机联系，形
成知识网络。通过简洁的归纳，不仅可梳理这一部分知识，更重要的是对今后做那些有难度的题目提供一
种可行的解题思路。
关键词：梳理知识、形成线索，串联线索、结成网络。
三、据个人喜好下工夫
许多考生学科发展不平衡，对某个学科感兴趣，或者对感兴趣的老师所任教的学科格外用功，成绩突
飞猛进。但是对不喜欢的科目漠不关心，成绩无法提高，学科间的差距越来越大。
解决办法：这是高考，要的是结果，过程有时候必须痛苦！要提高总分，在弱势学科或平时不太感兴
趣的学科上多下工夫，就更实在，更明智。由于效果的激励，对它的兴趣也逐步提高，只要持之以恒，现
状会得到改观。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}关键词：优势学科、稳步提高，弱势学科、强行入轨。
四、没找到适合自己的方法
有的考生在高考复习中，不可谓不努力，但成绩就是上不去，就是因为没找到适合自己的方法。
解决办法：首先要明确看书和做题的三重境界。
看书的第一重境界是“记”，就是记住书上所讲的概念、定理、公式，明白有关知识的意义。第二重境
界是“联”，就是将现在所学习的知识与已经学过的知识联系起来，整理知识组成系统。第三重境界就是“用”，
就是所学的知识用到解题中，只有会用的才算真正的掌握。
解题的第一重境界是“解”，就是想尽一切办法解决当前问题。第二重境界是“思”，就是解题后的回
顾和反思，总结解题经验和方法。第三重境界是“归”，就是获得的知识经验与书本知识联系起来，回归到
书本上去。
如果提升到第三重境界练习，看书时多想应用，设想应用这些知识的情形，并辅之配套练习，做题时
多想课本，建立习题与书本知识的联系，这样就获得了学习的真经。
五、患得患失，考前心态失衡
高考临近，有些考生精神过度紧张，甚至病倒。
解决办法：考前要防止两个极端的做法，一是彻底放松，破坏了长期形成的生物钟，会适得其反。另
一个就是挑灯夜战，加班加点，导致考前过度疲劳，临考时打不起精神。建议考生，休息调整是必要的，
但必须是微调，特别要把兴奋状态逐步调整到上午9：00-11：30，下午3：00-5：00。考前要注意合理饮食，
进考场后就要信心百倍，即使遇到困难也不要慌张。另外，进入考场适度紧张是正常的也是必要的，因为
它有利于激情的产生，千万不能因此而引起不必要的慌张。
关键词：调整心态、保持平衡，放松心情、缓解疲劳，合理饮食起居，亦张亦弛。
六、不注重抓学科体系重点
有些同学希望各个学科、各个知识点面面俱到地学，最终的结果却是样样都想抓，样样抓不牢。
解决办法：当基础知识和方法复习一轮以后，我们应该抓住重点来学。这里的重点，一方面要注意重
点学科的学习，差的学科上升空间大，应予以重视，促进学科间平衡。另一方面，要理清学科内的重点内
容，进行强化训练，力争触类旁通，形成能力。再一方面，各个知识板块中的重点内容，要能够在知识梳
理过程中，有所把握，高质高量地练几道，不贪多，只求精，精益求精。还有，对重要的方法也要作为复
习重点，争取以少胜多，举一反三。
关键词：合理取舍，深化重点、追踪热点、有的放矢。
七、学习计划不合理
193
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}有些同学糊里糊涂地过日子，摸摸这个，碰碰那个，或者完全从兴趣出发，或者干脆将学习任务堆积
起来，一直拖到不得不完成为止，但这时新的任务又来了，无所适从！
解决办法：复习计划可以分为三种。其一是阶段性计划，即对一个时间段的学习的大体安排。其二是
短期计划，常常可以理解为周计划，考生可以非常具体地设定自己的时间安排，它具有很强的操作性，制
定好后，严格执行，不轻易改动，只有这样才能取得预期的效果。第三是即时性计划，即通常说的日计划，
它是对现实时间的安排，完全控制一天的时间，知道自己相当短的时间内要做哪些事情，回头一看，应觉
得今天很充实，效率很高。
关键词：分段计划、科学有序，保证落实，严格执行。
八、喜欢钻偏难怪题
许多同学认为攻坚阶段，就是需要大量偏、难、怪的题目才能显示水平，才能拿下高考中的“压轴题”。
解决办法：只有牢固掌握常规思维，常规方法，才能以不变应万变，即使是尖子生，花费很多的时间
钻研偏、难、怪题也不是一个好现象。
关键词：重视双基、淡化偏怪，针对训练，重点专练。
九、不善于总结归纳
这种症状的产生，归根结底还是题海战术导致的后果。拼命做题，认为做多了，接触的面广了，题型
见得多了，方法总会练到的。题海茫茫，能做完吗？效率太低，效益太差。
解决办法：复习中，我们应该总结归纳知识系统；也要总结归纳存在问题，形成错题档案；又要归纳
解题方法，如归纳某些问题的共同解题思路，并总结某种方法能够解决相关的问题，和某个经典问题多种
解题途径；并要归纳不同知识内在联系和相近知识的本质区别，把知识学透，把方法用活。
关键词：由表及里，总结得失、总结方法、举一反三。
十、题目做得越多越好
许多同学漫无目的做题，做得麻木了，效果也就差了。有时，基本的东西还模棱两可，没有过关，经
过大量做题后，巩固了或默认了某种不正确的认识，反而有害无益。
解决办法：只有基础知识了如指掌，深刻理解了，做题才是有效的。要多做些基础题，但基础题一定
要强调落实，动笔写出，特别要注意规范的表述。
关键词：回归基础、精选练习、持之以恒，量力而行。
194
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}【临考心理篇 2】高考倒计时即将清零，要有怎样的心理准备
临近高考，部分同学开始出现焦虑情绪，担心复习难以进入佳境，睡眠质量一般，高考发挥不好，考
不上自己理想中的大学等。甚至有同学认为，自己状态不好也就罢了，别人的状态却非常好，到时候全班
会不会就自己考不上？
心理学研究表明，面临重大事件时，每个人都会出现压力等紧张焦虑情绪。这些情绪其实是合理和正
常的，不会只出现在一个人身上，所以不要过度担忧，把它们当成正常情绪就可以了。
影响高考发挥的三种因素
影响高考发挥的因素很多，其中影响最大的有三种：学习实力、考试技巧及心理暗示。
要注意的是，有些考生在临近考试时，彻底不复习了，这是不可取的。即使临近高考，也要坚持以最
好的状态投入复习，查缺补漏，夯实实力基础。
先易后难、注意时间分配、整体把控、仔细审题、学会变通等老生常谈的考试技巧，是高考正常发挥
或超常发挥的重要保障。
知识是“硬件”，心态是“软件”。越临近考试的时候，心态越关键。积极的心理暗示、良好的考前和
考中状态是高考发挥的关键所在。
怎么调节考前心态？
方法一：自我质辩法
考试过程中感受到紧张时，首先要积极的寻找自己紧张的原因，可以采用自我质辩法，如：我为什么
害怕考试？谁没有经历过考试啊？考试并不是针对自己一个人的啊？看来不是考试使自己紧张，而是自己
使自己紧张。„„高考是人生的重要体验，对个人心态也是一次大检阅，通过自我质辩捋清捋顺想法和情
绪很重要。
方法二：自我清零法
大考临近，把自己头脑中与考试无关的信息清零处理，做到六个不想：不想前不想后，不想高不想低，
不想好不想坏，不对考试结果患得患失，而是关注过程，查缺补漏实现突破。
方法三：自我暗示法
心理暗示有积极的也有消极的，高考前积极的自我心理暗示可以有效地调节考试状态，可以自己对自
己说：思维流畅，发挥正常！思维流畅，发挥超常！
方法四：中断法
当紧张焦虑情绪出现时，自己对自己说：停！中断消极想法，你自己给自己建造一个强大的阻隔墙，
把消极情绪阻隔在墙外。
195
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}方法五：转移法
当自己有了紧张焦虑的想法时，还可以迅速转移自己的注意力，看看绿色植物，看看曾经做得很漂亮
的试卷，读读英语，写写数学公式等，以此转移消极情绪。
方法六：降级法
高考适度焦虑是正常的，如果对高考一点感觉都没有，过于淡定那也不可取，如果你觉得高考是“老
虎级焦虑”，你可以做降级处理，充其量把高考当作“野猫级焦虑”，这样就在你的承受范围内了。
方法七：冥想法
用你的两根食指分别轻塞双耳，双目微闭，坚持 3-5 分钟，愿意想什么就想什么，当然最好是想美事
儿。
方法八：十指挤压法
把双手的十指一一对应，然后用力挤压，重心落在指尖上。这个动作很优雅，不像搓手捏拳手那样很
紧张，而且十指挤压可以切实缓解身心紧张。做做十指挤压，可以有效缓解考前紧张情绪，让你平静地进
入考场；如果进入考场后仍然紧张，可以放下笔，花一分钟时间再次做做十指挤压，配合深呼吸，让自己
情绪平复了再开始答题。
方法九：食疗法。
高考前和高考中最需要生活平常化，平时的作息时间和食谱不要刻意更改，但可以适当考虑吃一些橙
子、苹果等水果，也可以根据个人喜好喝牛奶、吃鸡蛋，可以适当吃一点甜食。重要的是，可以想心中所
想，一想起这种自己喜爱的美食，就让你情绪愉悦，紧张情绪也随之烟消云散。
最后，预祝各位考生高考大吉，取得自己满意的成绩！
考场注意篇
【考场注意篇】做好万全准备，决胜考场
高考英语规范答题八大提醒
一、考试进场宜早不宜晚
1. 确保8号中午午休半小时下午状态最佳。
2. 牢记8号下午2:30进场，2:45不能进场。
3. 听力之后按照自己最熟悉做题顺序进行。
4. 穿最喜欢衣服，适当保暖防止空调低温。
196
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}二、听力不听必涂策略（适合高考听力作为参考省份）
1. 结合个人实际听力未必要听但一定记住涂卡。
2. 建议前8题认真倾听，后边可以随机选择B。
3. 听力期间能否作答其余试题视考场氛围而定。
4. 总成绩相同排序原则是按语文数学英语听力。
三、高考听力满分策略（适合高考听力计入总分省份）
1. 建议中午试听2023年新高考听力1-2遍预热。
2. 要跳过听力说明提前预览选项预判听力内容。
3. 个别地方没有听清楚不要纠结学会快速转场。
4. 听力结束后快速涂卡检查为后续奠定好基础。
四、阅读理解满分策略
1. 遵循自前而后，先易后难，不好处理不妨跳过。
2. 结合题干回归原文找答题区间，留下做题痕迹。
3. 遇到两个纠结选项时注意结合题干选项抠字眼。
4. 相信第一感觉不轻易更改答案，除非确实错误。
五、阅读理解七选五满分策略
1. 要注意通读全文把握大意，有标题要善加利用。
2. 留意挖空位置和前后逻辑， 学会瞻前顾后作答。
3. 重视词语复现和代词逻辑，避免答案交叉错误。
4. 段中句频率高难度大易出错，重视前后句逻辑。
六、完形填空满分策略
1. 通读第一遍大意模糊不妨再读一遍则其义自现。
2. 有疑问选项做好标记，最后集中精力重点突破。
3. 瞻前顾后，逻辑贯通，重视词语复现前后照应。
4. 熟词生义联想熟义，涂卡后防止错涂漏涂串行。
五、语法填空满分策略
1. 考前注意复习不规则动词以及名词形容词转换。
2. 动词变形三方向谓语时态语态非谓语词类转换。
3. 重视一次变形和同一考点不重复考查两个理念。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}4. 自由填空以介冠连代为主，做题留痕重视搭配。
六、短文改错满分策略
1. 注意先通读全文把握大意，发现一些明显错误。
2. 逐句阅读，行句结合，遵循“118”设题规律。
3. 实词考查动名形副，虚词考查介冠连代要铭记。
4. 向规范要分数，千方百计也要凑够10个错误。
七、应用文写作满分策略
1. 练就衡中体，高度宽度倾斜度统一饱满圆润。
2. 三段式结构，首段点题次段条理清尾段照应。
3. 正确优先，必要时学会迂回变通不熟悉单词。
4. 熟背各类书信体及通知活动报道类高频句式。
八、读后续写满分策略
1. 快读材料把握大意，圈划关键细节确定主旨。
2. 利用两个段首句谋划段落走向和细节性衔接。
3. 刻意使用无灵主语独立主格结构非谓语倒装。
4. 重视结尾紧扣文章主题升华主旨及卷面颜值。
高考考场十大答题技巧
一、难题先跳过，手热好得分
考生如果遇到开考时不顺，不要在个别题目上多做纠缠，建议果断跳过这些题目往后面做，其实大脑
也像机器，需要预热!在我们思路打开之后，答题会很顺利，之前拿不准的题也很好上手。
二、开头最易错，回头可救分
“基础题得分和丢分都很容易。”越容易的题越要仔细。不能出现会而不对，会而不全的错误。
特别是做选择题时，建议无论题目多么简单，都要保证做完后再检查一遍，确保会做的题目不出错。
三、时间很宝贵，掐表做综合
对于综合考试的时间，一定要学会合理分配时间。
综合科目的答题没必要刻意按照统一的答题模式，但最好分学科进行，不交叉答题。答题顺序，应该
是先做自己最拿手的科目。
四、审题别偷懒，用时别吝啬
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}“如果考生不集中精力仔细审题，一不留神就丢分。”建议考生，要留意题目的所有条件，不要小看题干
中的每个隐含条件和细节，尤其是文科综合更是重在审题。因为文科综合里的选择题干扰项特别多。建议
考生高考答题就算遇到再熟悉的题目，也要坚持把题目审完再做答。
五、相信第一感，改动需谨慎
第一感觉很重要，尤其是语文、英语两科。没有十足的把握，不要轻易改动。作文写作时，应该打草
稿，一旦确定了基本框架和思路，就一路写下去，不要做大段修改、调整。
六、步骤写清楚，分分要计较
解答题给分方式是“分步给分”，题目再难，每个题目中的条件总是可以推导出结论，实在不行，写出题
中应该用到的公式，也可能有得分点。尤其是数学和物理考试中，很多大题是按照步骤给分的。
七、答题看规则，草稿要规范
打草稿也应注意技巧，特别是理科考生打草稿千万不要马虎。最好也排好顺序并在草稿边写上题号，
同时也要简单写下计算公式和计算过程。这样检查时，考生能快速的检查答题思路及过程。
八、字迹要工整，书写颜值高
书写也是最容易导致失分的非智力因素。特别是文科考生，答题书写量很大，有时字迹潦草不清，会
影响评卷效果，如果涉及到得分点，很可能因此而失分。
九、积极暗示多，发挥易超常
考生如果进入考场无法平静，建议考生先深呼吸三秒，一定要多做点放松式的心理暗示。相信我们经
过平时的训练，考生已对各种类型的题目做过反复准备。碰到难题时，要相信自己，回忆一下平时有关的
训练题目，可能会有意想不到的收获。
十、保持好心态，平常心对待
高考前，考生肯定已经经历过很多次统考、模考、校考，建议考生临场不要慌乱，保持良好的心态。
用平常心对待考试，最能正常发挥，甚至超常发挥。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}考后疏导篇
【考后疏导篇 1】七种方法舒缓高考后心理压力
一、找上大学的人聊聊
他们都是参加过高考的人，跟他们聊聊，说说你的压力，也许他们能够给你指点迷津，
能够给你一些启示。你想知道高考是怎么样的?你想知道大学是怎样的?你想知道考上了大学
的感觉是怎么样的?你想知道别人参加高考的状态是怎么样的?你想说出你的痛苦，找到迷惑
的答案，释放你的压力?那么找他们聊聊吧。
二、孩子做做按摩
建议家长每天给孩子做做按摩。按摩是促进家长和孩子体验家庭温暖和归属的互动，妈
妈的怀抱、爸爸的力量会让孩子感到心理的放松，在按摩过程中，有一种快乐、温馨的感觉。
这种交流，会把孩子从焦虑和挫败的感觉里，恢复到享受家庭的安全感。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}三、运动减压法
科学的安排生活、体力劳动与脑力劳动有机结合，劳逸结合有助于减轻压力，及时消除
疲劳，同时还会有效转移考生的注意力。对于长时段、高强度的脑力劳动，更应该进行有益
而适宜的体育运动，以此减轻紧张度。
四、转移减压法
有意识的转移注意力是减轻心理压力的有效途径。针对精神长期高度紧张的状况，家长
应帮助考生学会自我调试，及时放松自己，如家长在高考放假期间和高考期间有意找一个佩
服考生并且与考生关系相对密切的好友来陪伴他，这样不论聊天或参加各种体育活动等都可
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}以适当转移他的注意力，另外泡泡热水澡、与家人聊聊天、双休日抽出一些时间出游，还可
以利用各种方式宣泄自己压抑、忐忑的情绪等等。
五、学会自我觉察
考试发挥失常、考前睡不着、脑袋一片空白、对考试有莫名的恐惧感，都属于高原期的
反应。缓解的办法还可以学习心理学里比较棒的办法——自我觉察，就是止住任何使考生紧
张着急的事情或想法。这招屡试不爽，很有用，考生需要花一定精力去做。
六、睡眠消除法
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}事实证明，很多临考学生的“考试焦虑”是由于学习过度疲劳、睡眠不足引起的。针对
这种情况，广大临考中学生朋友一般不易“夜半挑灯”苦读，要养成中午小睡的习惯。因为
良好的、充足的睡眠可以消除大脑疲劳，换取充沛的精力和清醒的头脑。充足的睡眠是从容
应考的前提，也是克服考试焦虑情绪行之有效的方法。
七、音乐疗法
缓解高考压力最简单的方法就是音乐疗法。音乐能影响人的情绪行为和生理机能，不同节
奏的音乐能使人放松，使人的生理、心理节律发生良性的变化。如：圣洁、高贵的音乐，可
使人净化灵魂、境界开阔;速度较缓的音乐给人以安全感、舒适感;清澈、高雅、透明的古典
音乐，可以增进人们的记忆力、注意力;浪漫的音乐，可激起人们恻隐、怜悯之心;流行音乐，
可使人感情投入;时尚音乐，可释放心声。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}考后释压，从“心”出发
期待已久的高考已经结束啦，无论结果是否理想，每位同学都为此付出了很多，为你们的努力点赞！
成绩出来后，几家欢喜几家愁，一些同学的情绪可能会有所起伏，出现自责、焦虑、否定自己等心理。那
么如何做才能合理地自我调试，正确看待和解读成绩呢？心理老师给大家带来了“考后心理调适指南”！
接纳情绪，适度宣泄
面对考试结果，同学们或许会体验到这些负面情绪，如兴奋、高兴，情绪低落、迷茫困惑等。这些情
绪体验都是正常的，不要害怕，它们也有其积极意义。
接纳自己的情绪，无需过于排斥，这些都是我们真实的感受，是人生旅途中的一部分，而且适度的焦
虑紧张也有利于我们更好地投入到未来的学习中~
可以尝试以下几种方式来进行适度宣泄：通过在合适的场所大哭、找人倾诉、唱歌、运动。
理智分析，合理归因
归因方式是指人们对于当前结果的原因解释。面对考试的成功与失败，除了学会理性地看待，科学合
理的归因方式也极为重要。
当我们把考试的成功和失败归结于自己选择的学习方法、付出的时间和精力这些可以由我们自己掌控
的因素时，可以增加我们的学习动力，增强对考试结果的控制感，是最积极的归因方式。
这样的归因方式能够鼓励我们遇到难题或者挫折的时候再努力一把，只要尽力而为，就会有所收获。
就算考试失败了，也能够从自身内部找到根源，重新调整自己，提升自己的知识储备！
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}悦纳自我，向阳而生
自信心对人的发展有着至关重要的作用，是一个人成长过程中不可缺少的重要心理品质。一场失败的
考试本身就容易打击自身的自信心，如果再一味地指责、贬低自己，会容易让自己陷入自卑的深渊。
每个人都是独一无二的，都有自己的闪光点，正在等待着我们去发现。我们要试着学会完全地接纳自
己，包括自己的优点和不足，学会欣赏自己，才能自信且出色地发挥自身的才能和潜力。
目标合理，扬帆进步
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}通过高考，可以加深对自己学习方面的了解，在此基础之上，去设定合理且贴近自身情况的目标，制
定详细可行的学习计划，充分利用身边的资源。这些资源可能是来自同学的帮助，也可能是来自老师的指
导，又或者是来自家长的经验~
在所有的学习计划中，挑选一个最小、最容易的，今天就让它起步吧！哪怕只是小小的一步，都标志
着你离自己的目标又近了一步。
凡是过往，皆为序章，比起过去的失败，更重要的是保持平常心，总结经验，立足于当下的每分每秒，
继续奋发前进。建议空闲时间做好估分和专业兴趣测试，为下步报志愿选专业做好准备。祝你成功！
【考后疏导篇 2】考后提醒：高考结束适当娱乐可以放松不可放纵
高考结束，无论结果怎样，这一关已过去，随之而来的是各种放松，甚至是“报复性”的疯狂释放。
心理专家提醒，高考后放松应把握尺度，不可太过放纵。
高考结束后，曾经被试卷和各种复习资料紧密排满的日子瞬间改变，许多考生陷入了迷茫状态。
在这段漫长的等待高考成绩公布的日子里，考生如果没有良好的心态、没有良好的生活安排，有的可
能会陷入紧张恐慌的情绪中，有的还可能把所有事情抛诸脑后、纵情放纵。而良好的心理状态可以帮助考
生合理安排自己的生活、健康向上地面对生活、积极负责地为自己的未来做准备。
01 三种常见不理性心理
放纵型心理
这类考生在考生群体中占到相当大的比例。他们认为高考结束便意味着自己熬到头了，所以得好好犒
劳一下自己，弥补一下自己这么多年来的艰辛，因此毫无节制地玩。也有一些家长有弥补心态，纵容孩子
的这种行为，因此此类现象愈演愈烈。有些考生因此染上一些不良习惯，严重的还会误入歧途，每年都出
现几起乐极生悲的情况，要引起重视。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}提醒：放松不等于放纵
考生在高考后可以采取适当方式放松心情，做一些自己喜欢的事情，但不应该放纵，不能整天吃喝玩
乐、颠倒黑白、夜不归宿。家长首先要理解孩子，确实需要放松，但也要提醒孩子注意饮食和作息规律，
放松不等于放纵，火山爆发式的压力释放易导致身体不适等不良后果。
抑郁型心理
有的同学高考后感觉自己发挥得不是很理想。 这类考生的表现是吃不好、睡不好，情绪低落，有些还
伴随出现强迫思维、强迫行为，自怨自责，很容易走入心理误区，甚至由于性格突变暴躁，让人觉得难以
理喻，与家人争执中情绪一触即发，严重的会出现轻生念头，甚至采取轻生行为。
提醒：考生要理性面对现实
这包括两方面，第一是认识到高考已经结束，成绩是自己文化水平、心理素质、临场发挥等因素的综
合结果，不管最后结果如何，都要接受这一现实；第二是不要怕别人说。学会主动和别人沟通，把自己负
面的情绪表达出来，和父母、亲朋好友沟通。适度的自我内心暴露是宣泄负面情绪的好方法。
茫然型心理
有的同学发觉自己无所事事，心里空落落的，每天无所适从。往日充实的学习生活一下云消雾散，仿
佛一下子就失去了目标，找不到自己的方向。这是一种茫然型心理。许多考生从原来紧张的高考学习中一
下子放松下来后，会出现一段真空状态，尤其在等待分数或在填报完志愿后，在等待录取结果中可能会经
历这种感觉。
提醒：设法转移注意力
可以适当做一些自己感兴趣的事情转移注意力。比如旅行，在旅行中放松身心，交流思想；进修外语，
有的学生打算出国，可以利用暑假进修外语，为出国做好过渡和准备，即使不打算出国，进修外语也可以
为大学通过英语四六级奠定不错的基础；学做家务，上大学后面临的是自己打理生活，任何事情都要靠自
己解决，可以利用假期学习做家务，如做饭等，为大学中独立生活排除后顾之忧。
02“过来人”经验谈：高考后做这些，让孩子未来入学事半功倍
经验一：提前做足填报志愿的功课
故事：回忆起自己当年高考填报志愿的经历，谭飞龙用“冲动的代价”来形容。
原来，谭飞龙经历过两次高考，其原因并不是因为第一次落榜，而是因为志愿没填好。
当时他的分数远远超过了一本分数线，因为在高考前主要精力都放在考试复习上，他根本没有认真考
虑过自己想学的专业以及今后的职业规划。
进入大学后，谭飞龙渐渐地发现自己对所学并不感兴趣。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}于是，谭飞龙在经过一段时间的深思熟虑后，做出了一个勇敢的决定——放弃学习，来年重新参加高
考。
经验谈：
高考结束只是高中毕业的一个阶段性结束，要想走好未来的路，还有更重要的环节——填志愿。
高考志愿的填报决定了今后所学的专业，甚至于今后的职业生涯。因此绝对不能一时冲动，更不能把
决定权交给家长。
在高考结束后到填报志愿这段宝贵时间里，不妨多花点心思认真思考一下自己对哪些专业、哪些学校
感兴趣。
确定几所学校后，再通过网络及相关资料查阅一下相关的信息，前期的功课做得越详实越好，这样才
能在填报高考志愿时做到胸有成竹。
经验二：给自己做一张“最长暑假”的计划表
故事：罗浩毕业于桂林逸仙中学，由于自己平时做事也缺乏计划性，所以在高考完的暑假里，他过得
有点昏昏糊糊。
“每天睡到中午，醒来后抱着电脑玩玩游戏，有时候甚至可以一整天不下床。”——就这样，罗浩在混
沌中度过了高考后的两个多月，直到大学准备开学了才发现自己还有太多东西没有准备。
罗浩说，后来上大学后，他与同学交流才发现，别人的“最长暑假”可以安排得多彩而有意义。
“有的同学早早就做了计划安排，按照从南到北的顺序，去了好几个城市旅游，增长了不少见识；有
的同学利用暑假学了不少技能，比如，学车、学做菜、学书法等，还有的同学去外国人开的小店打工，练
就了一口流利的英语口语„„”
罗浩说，相比之下，他感觉自己的暑假过得很“颓废”。
经验谈：
高考过后的假期，从6月一直延续到9月，差不多有3个月的时间，可以说是“一生中最长的暑假”。
在这段时间里，放松休闲的同时不要忘了给自己做一张计划表，不管你是计划宅在家里看几本梦想已
久的小说，还是来一场说走就走的旅行，或者利用难得的时间走入社会，体验一下生活。
总之，在行动之前最好有个计划，最好能先把计划写下来，并尽量按计划去做，这样一方面可以训练
自己做事的条理性，而且有计划的暑假才会过得充实而有意义。
经验三：不妨学几样生活必备技能
故事：张燕是家里的独生女，从小到大，她几乎没有机会接触家务活，直到高中，她甚至连洗碗、洗
衣服等最基本的生活技能都不会。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}“虽然成绩不错，但感觉自己挺低能的。”在高考填报志愿时，父母还建议她尽量填报本地或者区内的
院校，但张燕并不这么想，她最终报考了外地的学校。
“拿到录取通知书后，想到自己要一个人在外地独立生活，当时心里也没有底。于是，在父母的帮助
下，我开始苦学各种生活技能，从扫地、洗衣开始，到煮饭、炒菜，凡是我在家，父母都让我去尝试，学
起来还觉得挺好玩。后来，我还利用假期学会了开车、游泳等必备的生存技能。”
经验谈：
俗话说，技多不压身，刚刚结束高考，不妨利用这个“最长暑假”，多学习一下自己感兴趣的生活技能，
有可能会受益终身。
考考驾照，练练字，学游泳、学炒菜„„掌握生活的能力才能更好地生活！
经验四：提前感受下社会更有意义
故事：回忆起高三毕业那年的暑假，给苏婷留下深刻印象的是——“充实的打工初体验”。
苏婷告诉记者，那年高考结束后，她先是和同学去了四川、云南等地旅游，余下的时间几乎全部用来
打工实践。
她到超市做过销售员、在餐厅做过服务员，还在街上发过小传单。苏婷的想法是：“即将走进大学，就
意味着距离走上社会不远了，提前感受下社会，参与社会实践是一件挺有意义的事。”
经验谈：
其实大学里除了学习相关专业知识外，最重要的是学习一些参与社会竞争的技能。为毕业后走入社会
做准备。
因此，利用高三暑假体验一下社会实践，很有意义。
如果有心去深入感受社会的同学，可以考虑找一份暑假工做，不但锻炼自己的能力，开阔视野，同时
还能赚些零花钱。
有些大学开学比较晚，拿到录取通知书后，还有一两个月的暑假时间，就可以放心去打暑期工了。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}终极押题篇
2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标卷）
英 语 试 题
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡
上。
第一节 (共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每
段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What will Chris do next?
A. Drink some coffee. B. Watch the World Cup. C. Go to sleep.
2. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Strangers. B. Classmates. C. Relatives.
3. What is the woman's attitude to the man‟s suggestion?
A. Favorable. B. Tolerant. C. Negative.
4. What can we learn about Tom?
A. He‟s smart for his age. B. He‟s unwilling to study. C. He‟s difficult to get along with.
5. What did Kevin do yesterday?
A. He went swimming. B. He cleaned up his house. C. He talked with his grandparents.
第二节 (共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面 5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳
选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟:听完后，各小题给出 5秒钟的作答
时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. Who is arranging the meeting?
A. Peter. B. David. C. Janet.
7. When does the man prefer to have the meeting?
A. This Wednesday. B. This Friday. C. Next Monday.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What are the speakers talking about?
A. Travel experiences. B. Vacation plans. C. Favorite seasons.
9. What does the man want to do?
A. Go to the beach. B. Find a summer job. C. Move to Washington.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does the news say about big online spenders in the US?
A. The number of them grows slowly.
B. There are more men than women.
C. They make up half of all shoppers.
11. How much did Americans spend shopping online last year?
A. $453 billion. B. $990 billion. C. $1,500 billion.
12. What did George buy online last Sunday?
A. An adventure novel. B. A software package. C. A note by Mark Twain.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What has Richard been doing?
A. Visiting a museum. B. Watching TV. C. Studying.
14. Why does Susan call Richard?
A. To ask for help. B. To give thanks. C. To make an appointment.
15. What does Susan want to do?
A. See an exhibition. B. Buy a new cell phone. C. Take pictures of the snow.
16. What will the speakers probably do?
A. Go to a park. B. Play football. C. Attend a party.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where did the speaker learn about college?
A. From the movies. B. From her family. C. From the books.
18. What helped change the speaker's attitude towards study?
A. Her professor's advice. B. Her graduate program. C. Her trip to Africa.
19. How does the speaker feel when she talks about her past experiences?
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}A. Regretful. B. Relieved. C. Grateful.
20. Who is the speaker probably talking to?
A. Conservation workers. B. High school students. C. College teachers.
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
American Unique Buildings
The country‟s full of awe—inspiring natural wonders, but those made by man (and woman) are equally
impressive. The architect behind a design or the creation‟s history or purpose are all elements that may prove
particularly attractive. These following buildings are all well worth visiting.
Bradbury Building
Los Angeles
Glancing at the Bradbury Building, built in 1893, the oldest commercial building in L.A. , you may say: “OK,
it‟s a 19th-century relic.” Step inside and you will be surprised by the light-filled Victorian court, a wonder of
open—cage elevators, marble stairs, and splendid iron barriers. Its architectural history is debatable — Sumner
Hunt‟s designs seem to have been completed by George H. Wyman, who monitored the construction.
Vizcaya Museum and Gardens
Miami
Built in 1916, the Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, formerly Villa Vizcaya, is the one-time winter home of
businessman James Deering. On Biscayne Bay in the Coconut Grove neighborhood, the early 20th-century
property features Italian Renaissance (文艺复兴) gardens, native woodlands, and a complex of historic
outbuildings. The property designed by Paul Chalfin is today operated by Miami-Dade County.
Rogers Building
Orlando
The 132-year-old, Queen Anne-style structure, now housing an art gallery but a one-time home to
cocktail-and-gaming clubs, was donated to the City of Orlando in 2018 earlier by Ford Kiene. The restriction that it
must remain an arts and culture center for at least 20 years ensures public access for the near future.
Griffith Observatory
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}Los Angeles
It‟s possible to see the stars at this destination that includes sweeping views of the city and the Hollywood sign,
and has a planetarium (天文馆) to boot. It‟s been a draw for its construction style sign its 1935 opening, with a $93
million expansion completed in 2006.
21. Which of the following places has the shortest history?
A. Bradbury Building. B. Griffith Observatory.
C. Rogers Building. D. Vizcaya Museum and Gardens.
22. What can we learn about Rogers Building?
A. It used to be an art gallery. B. It was expanded in 1892.
C. It was once privately owned. D. It has been a culture center for 20 years.
23. In which column can this text probably be read?
A. Business. B. Travel. C. Science. D. Education.
B
（2024·福建漳州·三模）Learning anything can be challenging, especially when it comes to figuring out how
and what to practice. Repetition is usually essential. But you don‟t want something that takes the joy out of you.
I‟ve been teaching myself to draw for a few years. I had improved a lot but for a long while was going nowhere. I‟d
tried lots of books and courses, and filled endless pages with boxes, parallel lines and figures. None of these seems
to be working.
But something clicked when I started sketchbooking this year. The sketchbooks led to a shift in mindset.
Rather than trying to practise, I was engaging in a practice — scribbling (涂鸦). The scribbles weren‟t all good but
they have become part of a whole. I‟ve been absorbed ever since. I scribbled my breakfast, the fruit in the office,
and other people on the train.
I spoke to Danny Gregory, a writer who blogs and makes videos about sketchbooking, to try to figure out why
I had become so taken by my new practice.
“We think the practice in drawing is like that in piano, where you have to play through a series of musical
notes step by step,” Gregory says. “But what if you think about practice in other terms — like a yoga practice or
medical practice? With those kinds of practices, you‟ve learned some stuff, right? Progress happens naturally. It‟s
not preparatory. So just follow the process and take pleasure in it. This is what matters.”
I have now filled two sketchbooks just with portraits — more than 100 scribbled over a couple of months. In
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}them I challenged myself to include people on every page. Used to drawing ghost-town versions, the first few
pages were a struggle. But I started varying my morning coffee routine to find new places where I could observe
life.
My latest sketchbook will tackle the challenge of all my drawings — hands. I‟ve always had problems
drawing hands. It‟s early days, but I‟m not fearing it as I would have before because it isn‟t just practice any more.
24. What was the challenge the author faced when learning to draw?
A. Little progress despite extensive efforts.
B. Lack of interest in traditional practice methods.
C. Difficulty in obtaining necessary resources.
D. Inability to master specific drawing techniques.
25. What did the author benefit from scribbling?
A. Improving hand control.
B. Enriching creative expression.
C. Grasping ways to paint details.
D. Accepting imperfections in art.
26. According to Gregory, which attitude toward practice should be emphasized?
A. Focus on specifics is essential.
B. Repetition is a fundamental key.
C. The emphasis lies in enjoying the process.
D. The highlight is in well-organized exercises.
27. What message does the story convey?
A. Every beginning is difficult. B. Tailored methods drive progress.
C. Art is the language of the soul. D. Integrating life enhances learning.
C
Research found gophers (囊地鼠) might improve conditions for root growth inside their underground tunnels.
This could help the root-eating gophers get enough food in areas that don‟t naturally contain lots of roots. If
gophers aid the growth of food in this way, it might be counted as a type of farming.
Gophers spend a lot of energy digging their tunnels. Two researchers, Jack Putz and Veronica Selden from the
University of Florida, got curious about where they got all this energy. So in 2021, the two investigated some
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}gophers in Florida. They studied roots near 12 gopher tunnels to estimate how much root mass a gopher would
encounter as it dug a meter of tunnel. Then the researchers calculated how much energy those roots would provide.
They found digging cost the gophers about as much energy as the roots provided.
They also examined gopher tunnels. Poop (粪便) was spread along the tunnels. Gophers also seemed to have
taken a few bites out of the roots. All suggested the gophers bad provided conditions conducing to root growth.
Their poop served as fertilizer. And biting also encouraged root growth. They now think this amounts to a form of
farming.
But the idea meets doubts. “I don‟t think you could call it farming,” biologist Pynne says, “Biting roots and
pooping mightn‟t be signs of farming. Gophers could just be doing what all animals do,” Biologist Ulrich Mueller
says. “If gophers could be regarded as farmers, then most animals are farmers. These animals also create good
growing conditions for the plants they feed on. Take cows, for example. Their poop fertilizes the grass. But farmers
don‟t consider cows as their colleagues.” Selden understands the doubts but thinks what qualifies the gophers as
farmers and sets them apart from other animals is that they develop and maintain this ideal growing environment.
Putz hopes their research makes people kinder to gophers. “If you put in „gopher‟ online, you‟ll see many
ways to kill them,” he says. If people see gophers as useful animals, they might treat them better.
28. What did the researchers find about gophers?
A. They acquired energy from roots.
B. They bedded roots in the tunnel.
C. They helped improve farming methods.
D. They dug holes on the farm.
29. What do the underlined words “conducing to” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Belonging to. B. Pointing to. C. Favouring. D. Balancing.
30. Why does Mueller mention cows in paragraph 4?
A. To show farmers depend on them.
B. To present they benefit root growth.
C. To deny gophers are viewed as farmers.
D. To prove their poop can serve as fertilizer.
31. What does Putz expect people to do about gophers?
A. Treat them as explorers. B. Avoid hurting them.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}C. Publicize them online. D. Protect their habitats.
D
In the more than 6,000 years of living in cities, humans have always had to find solutions to problems
concerning how they live and work, such as sanitation, transportation, crime and environmental protection. Today,
using cutting-edge technologies, smart cities can cover them all. We are now in the era of being “smart”.
According to the European Commission, a smart city is “a place where traditional networks and services are
made more efficient with the use of digital solutions for the benefit of its inhabitants and businesses”. It means
smarter urban transport networks, upgraded water supplies and waste disposal facilities and more efficient ways to
light and heat buildings. It also means a more interactive and responsive city administration, safer public spaces and
meeting the needs of an aging population.
The origin of the concept of smart cities can be traced back to the 1960s and 1970s, when the US Community
Analysis Bureau began using databases, aerial photography and other digital methods to collect data and do
analysis so that the cities could direct services, relieve the influence of disasters and reduce poverty.
Smart cities rely heavily on automation, connectivity to the Internet, and the Internet of things (IoT).
According to TWI, a global organization dedicated to technology engineering, a smart city operates according to
four basic steps: collection, analysis, communication, and action. In this approach, a set of smart sensors will
collect real-time data about people and infrastructure. After the data collected is analyzed, the result will be
communicated to the decision-makers, who will take action to improve the quality of city life for its residents.
Smart city technologies have already been applied in some countries and cities around the world. Singapore,
for example, has introduced a wide range of smart technologies in both its public and private sectors since
launching its Smart Nation initiative in 2014. To help with the aging population, it introduced a digital health
system allowing video consultations as well as wearable devices to monitor patients.
32. What is the main feature of a smart city?
A. It can meet the needs of the elderly.
B. It is fully evolved and multi-functional.
C. It highly depends on modern technologies.
D. It is a place where one can live a carefree life.
33. What may TWI agree with?
A. Decision-makers are supposed to analyze the real-time data.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}B. Joint efforts are required to ensure the operation of a smart city.
C. The quality of city life has improved due to the government initiative.
D. Problems still exist in the smart city despite great convenience it brings.
34. Why is Singapore mentioned in the last paragraph?
A. To praise its contribution to the world.
B. To show its advantage over other countries.
C. To gain widespread support for a smart city.
D. To illustrate the application of smart city technologies.
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Smart City: Live the Smart Way
B. Smart City: A Brief History
C. Smart City: Say Goodbye to the Past
D. Smart City: Both Chances and Challenges
第二节(共5小题:每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The world is designed for right-handed people, but why does a tenth of the population prefer the left? 36
The answer to it remains a bit of a mystery. 37 So it‟s assumed that left-handedness has a genetic (基因
的) component to it, In other words, left-handers are born that way. In fact, identical twins. who share the same
genes, can sometimes prefer to use different hands. There are also plenty of theories on what else might determine
which hand you write with, but many experts believe that it‟s kind of random (随机的).
38 The unfavourable associations of the use of the left hand among cultures are varied, In some areas,
the left hand became known as the “unclean” hand. In many religions, the right hand of God is the favoured hand.
For example, Jesus sits at God‟s right side. God‟s left hand, however, is the hand of judgment. Various activities
and experiences become rude or even signs of bad luck when the left hand becomes involved. In some parts of
Scotland, it in considered bad luck to meet a left-handed person at the start of a journey. In Ghana, pointing,
gesturing, giving or receiving items with the left hand is considered rude. A person giving directions will put their
left hand behind them and even physically try to point with their right hand if necessary. 39
Fortunately, nowadays most societies and cultures no longer reject left-handedness like before. people come to
realize that left-handedness is natural, Some researchers find out that lefties are more creative and can deal with
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}abstract thinking better. The left-handedness is more easily adaptable to the right-handed world as well. 40
Instead, it is a wonderful gift or maybe it is something you should take pride in.
A. Being left handed is no longer n sad story now.
B. Left-handedness used to be regarded as a disability.
C. Scientists have noticed that left-handedness tends to run in families.
D. In some Asian countries, eating with the left hand is considered impolite.
E. Why do they use their left hand instead of their right hand for routine activities?
F. Historically, the left side and left-handedness have been considered a negative thing.
G. Why do some parents force their left-handed children to be right-handed when writing?
第三部分 语言运用 (共三节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空 (共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Roger Bannister, born in Harrow, London, early showed a talent for running. University education was beyond
the 41 of his working-class parents, but he was 42 to secure a place at one of England‟s top
universities and pursue a career in 43 .
Luckily, owing to his academic efforts, Bannister was awarded a scholarship by Oxford University, where his
exceptional speed on the track soon earned him the attention and 44 from the sports media. Surprisingly,
he 45 to compete in the 1948 Olympics in London, preferring to focus on his 46 and his medical
studies. By 1951, Bannister had won the British championship in the mile and felt 47 for Olympic
competition. 48 , a last-minute change in the schedule 49 him to compete without resting between
events and he finished just fourth in the 1500-meter race at the 1952 Olympics. To break the four-minute mile
barrier, Bannister 50 45 minutes every day from his full-time medical studies for training. On May 6, 1954,
at Oxford, his 51 eventually paid off. At age 25, Bannister made history, crossing the finish line at 3: 59.4.
When the announcer read out the time: “3…”, the rest was 52 by the cheering crowd. In the following
famous “Mile of the Century” race, Bannister 53 Australian runner John Landy with a time of 3: 58.8 to
Landy‟s 3: 59. 6, both under four minutes. In 1955, Bannister‟s autobiography, First Four Minutes, was published.
Bannister‟s 54 to academic medicine is equally remarkable, but his spirit of the four-minute mile is
55 to not only people of our era, but to before and after.
41. A. hope B. reach C. sight D. control
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}42. A. excited B. surprised C. satisfied D. determined
43. A. medicine B. biology C. history D. literature
44. A. support B. guidance C. permission D. recognition
45. A. decided B. planned C. declined D. promised
46. A. family B. training C. profession D. competition
47. A. cool B. proud C. ready D. afraid
48. A. Naturally B. Actually C. Obviously D. Unfortunately
49. A. forced B. allowed C. expected D. encouraged
50. A. take in B. set aside C. carry away D. get through
51. A. interest B. effort C. courage D. attention
52. A. favored B. attracted C. drowned D. confirmed
53. A. defeated B. inspected C. overlooked D. approached
54. A. promise B. attitude C. contribution D. viewpoint
55. A. inspirational B. considerate C. aggressive D. controversial
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Have you ever wondered how people type Chinese characters? The answer lies in the wonderfully useful
phonetic system 56 (call) pinyin. It's the most commonly used system for spelling out the Chinese sounds,
and it uses the letters in the Latin alphabet that you are already familiar 57 .
Pinyin is 58 extremely useful tool and should be the foundation of your Chinese learning. Besides, it's
not just for Chinese learners like yourself. 59 (actual), all native Chinese speakers know pinyin, 60 is
the first thing Chinese children learn at school before learning characters. So even if you don't know Chinese
characters, you can type in pinyin and make 61 (you)understood.
Every single sound that exists in Chinese can 62 (display) easily in a pinyin chart. Once you master
these 409 sounds along with the tones, you'll have practically mastered the pronunciation of every single word in
the Chinese language. We've also created a series of video 63 (lesson)with practice tools that enable you to
record yourself and listen back to it to 64 (sure) that your pronunciation matches the examples. Combined
with our Tone Pairs practice tool, you now have everything you need 65 (master)pinyin, tones, and
Chinese pronunciation.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节 (满分15分)
上周末你校举办了“急救知识进校园”的活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括：
1. 活动的过程；
2. 活动的影响。
注意：
1. 写作词数应为80个左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卷的相应位置作答。
First Aid Knowledge Hits the Campus
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节 (满分 25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
“This Saturday, we‟ll be visiting cats at the animal shelter. If you‟d like to join us, here‟s an application form”,
said Ms. Delgado, the school librarian who had held the reading engagement event for students.
Ben loved cats and he had always wanted one, so he hurried to take an application form. Then Ms. Delgado
added, “We‟ll be reading to the cats and award readers who make most progress.” Ben stopped. Reading al oud can
be a challenging task. Ben might feel his heart racing, his palms sweating, and his voice shaking as he read. He
might stumble over words or lose his place in the text. He might feel like everyone was watching him and judging
him. Still, he really wanted to visit the cats, so he took an application form anyway.
On Saturday, Ben arrived at the shelter with some of his classmates. “This is Max,” the shelter worker told
Ben as she handed him a gray cat. Ben carried Max to a beanbag chair and sat down. Max settled onto his lap. He
took a book he‟d been working on and started reading. Max, very different from other cats walking around the
room while the kids read, purred (发出呼噜声) on his lap as if he had understood what Ben read.
“I‟m glad Max is staying and listening to my reading and he is the best cat ever,” Ben told Dad excitedly. “I‟m
glad you two are friends,” Dad said. All week, Ben‟s heart was filled with anxiety as he waited for Saturday to
arrive. He was eager to read to Max and the anticipation of spending time with his feline (猫咪的) friend made him
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}restless and nervous. When it arrived, Ben got to read to Max again.
“What if someone adopts Max?” Ben asked Dad later. “I guess you‟d read to a different cat,” Dad said. “But I
don‟t want a different cat. I wish we could adopt Max,” Ben said to Dad. He knew they couldn‟t because Mom had
allergies (过敏). Ben loved the cat so much that he even told his next-door neighbor, Mrs. Patel, about Max. “Max
sounds like a special cat,” said Mrs. Patel.
注意：
1.续写词数应为 150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Week by week, Ben realized that reading seemed easier with Max‟s company.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
But on Saturday, Ben couldn‟t find Max at the shelter.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
2024 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标通用卷）
英语试题参考答案
一、听力理解（满分30分）
第一节 （满分7.5分，每题1.5分）
1-5 AACBC
第二节 （满分22.5分，每题1.5分）
6-10 CBBAB 11-15 ACBAC 16-20 AABCB
二、阅读理解（满分50分）
第一节 （满分37.5分，每题2.5分）
21-25 BCBAD 26-30 CDACC 31-35 BCBDA
第二节 （满分12.5分，每题2.5分）
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}36-40 ECFDA
三、语言运用（满分30分）
第一节 完形填空 （满分15分，每题1分）
41-45 BDADC 46-50 BCDAB 51-55 BCACA
第二节 语法填空（满分15分，每题1.5分）
56. called 57. with 58. an 59. Actually 60. which 61. yourself 62. be displayed 63. lessons 64. ensure 65. to
master
四、书面表达（满分40分）
第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）
First Aid Knowledge Hits the Campus
Last weekend, our school hosted an event titled “First Aid Knowledge Hits the Campus”.
The event began with a lecture by a professional trainer, covering CPR techniques, wound dressing, and
handling common emergencies. Following the lecture, students participated in hands-on workshops, practicing their
skills under the guidance of experts.
This initiative not only equipped our students with valuable lifesaving skills but also raised awareness of the
importance of prompt first aid. The positive feedback from students shows the need for more such practical and
informative events on campus.
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
Week by week, Ben realized that reading seemed easier with Max’s company. The presence of the gray cat
made him feel more relaxed and comfortable. He noticed that Max‟s purring had a calming effect on him, allowing
him to focus better on the words in front of him. Ben was amazed by how much he enjoyed reading aloud to Max.
Still, he was surprised when Ms. Delgado gave him the Most Improved Reader award. Ben felt a sense of pride and
accomplishment as he held the certificate in his hands. He couldn‟t wait to show it to Max.
But on Saturday, Ben couldn’t find Max at the shelter. He looked around the room, hoping to catch a
glimpse of his feline friend. However, Max was nowhere to be found. Ben‟s heart sank as he realized that someone
might have adopted Max. Just then, Mrs. Patel walked into the visitors‟ room, carrying Max. “I‟m adopting him,”
Mrs. Patel said. “You can come over every day to read to him.” Hearing what Mrs. Patel said, Ben jumped with
excitement and threw his arms around Mrs. Patel. Of course, he didn‟t forget to hug Max tightly who gave a
contented purr.
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}2024 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标通用卷）
英语试题评分标准
第一节：应用文写作
一、评分原则
1.本题总分为15分，按五个档次进行评分。
2 . 评分时，应主要从内容、词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑，具体为
(1)对内容要点的覆盖情况以及表述的清楚程度和合理性。
(2)使用词汇和语法结构的准确性、恰当性和多样性。
(3)上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性。
3.评分时，先根据作答的整体情况初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量，确定或调整档次，
最后给分。
4,评分时还应注意；
(1)词数少于60个的，酌情扣分。
(2)单词拼写和标点符号是写作规范的重要方面，评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及
词汇用法均可接受。
(3)书写较差以致影响交际的，酌情扣分。
二、各档次的给分范围和要求
第五档(13～15分)
一覆盖了所有内容要点，表述清楚、合理。
一使用了多样并且恰当的词汇和语法结构，可能有个别小错，但完全不影响理解。
一有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构清晰，意义连贯。完全达到了预期的写作目的。
第四档(10～12分)
一覆益了所有内容要点，表述比较清楚、合理。
一使用了比较多样并且恰当的词汇和语法结构，可能有些许错误，但不形响理解。
一比较有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。达到了预期的写作目的。
第三档(7～9分)
一覆盗了大部分内容要点，有个别地方表述不够清楚、合理。
一使用了简单的词汇和语法结构，有一些错误或不恰当之处，但基本不影响理解。
一基本有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构基本清晰，意义基本连贯。基本达到了预期的写作目的，
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}第二节 读后续写
一、评卷要求
1、本题总分为 25 分，按 5 个档次给分，每个档次 5 分。评分时先根据作答的具体情况初步确定其所属档
次，然后以该档次的要求来综合衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。词数少于130的，从总分中减去2分。
2、评分时，从故事内容，词汇语法和篇章结构三个方面考虑，具体为
（1）创造内容的质量，续写的完整性以及与原文情境的融洽度。
（2）使用词汇和语法结构的准确性，恰当性和多样性。
（3）上下文的衔接和全文的连贯性 。
阅卷应整体评分，从主题是否明确、内容是否完整、内容和原文衔接度高不高、语言是否符合原文风格、
语言使用是否正确等方面综合考虑档次。先确定档次，再具体给分。
3、 续写内容必须符合故事主线。不符合的一律不及格（15分以下）。抄袭原文或不相干的内容达到1/3 的
（连着抄，间隔着抄都算）、充满负能量或不道德的内容，均判零分。
4、阅读材料的语言：主要以第一人称叙事为主，因此续写部分的语言也应是叙事风格，否则分数降低一个
档次或扣5分。
5、语法：文章时态为一般过去时。使用时态错误，扣3分。 词汇、语法错误：一般大错扣1分，如出现1
个小错，从总分中减去半分。相同的错误不重复扣分。如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。
注意事项：续写部分应该以第一人称讲述故事，主要用过去时（如果人称或者时态用错，降一档）；与原材
料的语言风格保持一致，否则分数降低一个档次。
二、评分标准
1.创造了丰富合理的内容，富有逻辑性，续写完整与原文情境融洽度高。
第五档
2.使用了多样并且恰当的词汇和语法结构，可能有个别小错，但完全不影响理解
（21~25分）
3.有效地使用了语句间的衔接手段。全文结构清晰，意义连贯。
第四档 1.创造了比较丰富合理的内容，比较有逻辑性，续写比较完整，与原文情境融洽度高。
（16~20分） 2.使用了比较多样并且恰当的词汇和语法结构。可能有些许错误，但不影响理解。
3.比较有效地使用了语句间的衔接手段，全文结构比较清晰，意义比较连贯。
1.创造了基本合理的内容，有一定的逻辑性，续写基本完整，与原文情境相关。
第三档
2.使用了简单的词汇和语法结构，有一些错误或不恰当之处，但基本不影响理解。
（11~15分）
3.基本有效地使用了语句间衔接手段，全文结构基本清晰，意义基本连贯。
第二档 1.内容或逻辑上有一些重大问题，续写不够完整，与原文情境有一定程度脱节。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}（6~10分） 2.所使用的词汇有限，语法结构单调，错误较多，影响理解。
3.未能有效地使用语句间的衔接手段，全文结构不够清晰，意义不够连贯。
1.内容或逻辑上有较多重大问题，或有部分内容抄自原文，续写不完整，与原文情境基
本脱节。
第一档 2.所使用的词汇有限，语法结构单调，错误很多，严重影响理解。
（1~5分） 3.几乎没有使用语句间的衔接手段，全文结构不清晰，意不连贯。
零分
未作答，所写内容太少或无法看清，以致无法评判。所写内容全部抄自原文或与题目
要求完全不相关。
2024 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标通用卷）
英语试题答案解析
听力材料
一、听力理解（满分30分）
Text 1
W: Hey, Chris, are you alright?
M: Yeah, I'm just a bit sleepy. The World Cup final last night, you know.
W: Sure. Want some coffee?
M: I wouldn't say no.
Text 2
W: Excuse me, could you possibly move your car forward a bit so I can get mine out?
M: Just a second. Is it okay now? Do you need any help?
Text 3
M: Wow! These dogs are so adorable. Can we take one? My friend Joy has a cat.
W: No, Bill. I'm afraid we can't. We live in a small apartment.
Text 4
W: Well, is Tom doing well in school these days?
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}M: Oh, well. Like boys at his age, you know, I can't get him to do his homework without a struggle.
Text 5
W: Hi, Kevin. I didn't see you at the pool yesterday. What happened?
M: Oh, my grandparents came over to my place for a visit. I got the idea to interview them, and I saw how
much they loved being listened to.
Text 6
W: Peter, I don't know if Janet has told you, but Wednesday afternoon's sales meeting is cancelled.
M: Oh, yeah? When is our next meeting then?
W: Either this Friday morning or next Monday afternoon? Janet is checking David's schedule.
M: Why don't we have it this Friday? I'll be away on a business trip next week.
Text 7
W: I just bought a ticket to New York. I'm so excited to see the city.
M: Good for you. When are you leaving?
W: Next week. I'm taking the red-eye flight. It's cheaper.
M: New York City is a magical place. You'll have so much fun.
W: I hope so. I'll stay for a week and then take the train down to Washington, D.C.
M: That sounds like a great vacation. I'm looking forward to a week at the beach for my summer vacation. I
just want to relax.
Text 8
W: Hi, George. I just heard the news. Americans are not just shopping online, they are buying expensive
products on the Internet. Nearly three out of ten online shoppers in the United States have bought a product
that costs a thousand dollars or more. Those big online spenders are much more likely to be men than women.
M: I'm not surprised. You know, men are usually the early adopters when it comes to technology.
W: I can't imagine that back in the 1990s, online shopping wasn't just awkward, it felt risky. People were
afraid to give out their credit card numbers. They worried if products didn't arrive in time.
M: But now people are talking about the explosion in Internet shopping.
W: Yes, indeed. Last year, U.S. shoppers spent $453 billion in shopping online, and many of them went big.
What did they buy? Just about anything.
M: Well, I am no exception. Last Sunday, I purchased a short note that Mark Twain had written regarding a
226
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}missing package, and I paid about $1,500 for it.
W: You're really a more adventurous online shopper than me.
Text 9
W: Hi Richard, this is Susan.
M: Hi Susan.
W: What are you doing?
M: Just watching TV. Pretty bored. You?
W: Well, I was planning to go to the science museum today with Elaine, but it snowed.
M: I hope it snows all night because I don't want to go to school tomorrow.
W: Do you know anyone who has a camera? I left mine at home. I want to take pictures of all this snow.
M: No, I don't. But why don't you use your cell phone to take pictures?
W: Well, I don't think cell phones do a good job. I want to take some really nice pictures of this wonderful
snow scene. You know, the college is preparing a photography exhibition next month. I hope my pictures will
be selected. Oh, I know now. Have you seen Sarah today? She has a camera.
M: No, she hasn't been around lately. But do you know Mike? He has a camera. In fact, I know he's interested
in photography.
W: Mike? You mean that tall boy, captain of our school football team? Okay, let's ask him to go with us.
M: Well, I don't mind doing something interesting. We can go to Waterloo Park, a good place to take pictures.
Text 10
Hey, everyone. I'm really excited to be here to share my experiences since graduation. When I was leaving
here about 10 years ago, I decided to go to college, which, when I think about it, is a little strange, because I
come from a family where no one had ever gone to college. Everything I knew about college came from the
movies. Once in college, I got a classic case of too much fun and too little class time. At the end of my second
year, my major professor warned me, you're never going to graduate unless something big changes. But it
wasn't until I entered my graduate program in conservation ecology that I felt I was on the right path.
My conservation work has brought me joy, excitement, and adventure. I've done some research in the remote
mountains of California. I've had dinners with important politicians. I've even stepped over snakes in Africa.
But most important of all, it gave me something bigger than myself to fight for. When I look back, I feel
fortunate to have chosen college, and particularly science, through which I have rediscovered myself and
227
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}achieved liberation. And I'm sure you all can do the same.
听力音频下载地址：https://www.zxxk.com/soft/43021066.html
二、阅读理解（满分50分）
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. B
【导语】本文的体裁是说明文。主要介绍了美国四座独特的建筑物，文章详细描述了这些建筑物的历史、
建筑风格、特色以及现今的用途，强调了它们作为旅游景点和文化遗产的重要性。
21. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Glancing at the Bradbury Building, built in 1893(瞥一眼建于1893年的布拉德
伯里大厦)”、第三段“Built in 1916, the Vizcaya Museum and Gardens, formerly Villa Vizcaya, is the one-time
winter home of businessman James Deering.( Vizcaya博物馆和花园始建于1916年，前身为Villa Vizcaia，曾是
商人James Deering的冬季住所)”、第四段“The 132-year-old, Queen Anne-style structure, now housing an art
gallery but a one-time home to cocktail-and-gaming clubs, was donated to the City of Orlando in 2018 earlier by
Ford Kiene.( 这座有132年历史的安妮女王风格建筑，现在有一个美术馆，但曾经是鸡尾酒和游戏俱乐部的
所在地，于2018年初由Ford Kiene捐赠给奥兰多市)”以及最后一段“It’s been a draw for its construction style
sign its 1935 opening, with a $93 million expansion completed in 2006.( 1935年开业，耗资9300万美元的扩建
工程于2006年竣工，这是一个吸引人的建筑风格标志)”可知，格里菲斯天文台历史最短，故选B项。
22. 推理判断题。根据第四段“The 132-year-old, Queen Anne-style structure, now housing an art gallery but a
one-time home to cocktail-and-gaming clubs, was donated to the City of Orlando in 2018 earlier by Ford
Kiene.( 这座有132年历史的安妮女王风格建筑，现在有一个美术馆，但曾经是鸡尾酒和游戏俱乐部的所在
地，于2018年初由Ford Kiene捐赠给奥兰多市)”可推理出，罗杰斯大厦曾经是私人所有，故选C项。
23. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The architect behind a design or the creation’s history or purpose are all elements
that may prove particularly attractive. These following buildings are all well worth visiting(设计背后的建筑师或
创作的历史或目的都是可能被证明特别有吸引力的元素。以下这些建筑都非常值得一游)”以及“Bradbury
Building(布拉德伯里大楼)”、“Vizcaya Museum and Gardens(菲卡亚博物馆和花园)”、“Rogers Building(罗杰
斯大厦)”以及“Griffith Observatory(格里菲斯天文台)”可推理出本文主要介绍了美国四座独特的建筑物，
可推理出本文出自“旅游”栏目，故选B项。
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C 27. D
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者学习素描的经历，以此来强调如何将生活与学习融为
一体，以促进艺术学习的提升。
24. 细节理解题。由第一段中“I‟ve been teaching myself to draw for a few years. I had improved a lot but for a
228
{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}long while was going nowhere. I‟d tried lots of books and courses, and filled endless pages with boxes, parallel
lines and figures. None of these seems to be working. (几年来，我一直在自学画画。我原来进步了很多，但有
很长一段时间又没有进步。我试过很多书和课程，在无穷无尽的页面上画满了方框、平行线和图形。这些
似乎都不起作用)”可知，作者在学习绘画时面临的挑战是：尽管作者付出了巨大努力，但进展甚微。故选A
项。
25. 推理判断题。由第二段中“The scribbles weren‟t all good but they have become part of a whole. I‟ve been
absorbed ever since. (这些涂鸦并不全是好的，但它们已经成为一个整体的一部分)”可知，虽然这些涂鸦并不
都是好的，但作者接受它们成为整体的一部分，由此可推知，作者从涂鸦中获得的益处是接受了艺术的不
完美。故选D项。
26. 推理判断题。由第四段中““We think the practice in drawing is like that in piano, where you have to play
through a series of musical notes step by step,” Gregory says. “But what if you think about practice in other terms
— like a yoga practice or medical practice? With those kinds of practices, you‟ve learned some stuff, right?
Progress happens naturally. It‟s not preparatory. So just follow the process and take pleasure in it. This is what
matters.”(Gregory 说：“我们认为素描练习就像弹钢琴一样，必须一步一步地演奏一系列音符。但是，如果
你从其他角度考虑练习——比如瑜伽练习或医学练习，那又会怎么样呢？通过那种类型的练习，你学到了
一些东西，对吧？进步自然而然地发生了。这不是准备好的。所以只需遵循过程并享受其中。这才是最重
要的。”)”可知，对于练习，Gregory强调练习的重点在于享受过程。故选C项。
27. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了作者学习素描时，有一段时间进步缓慢，后来通过涂鸦的方式
将绘画与生活结合，取得了一定进展，在作者看来，这种方式有助于提升学习效果，由此可推知，这个故
事传达了“融入生活，促进学习”的思想。故选D项。
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. C 31. B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了研究发现囊地鼠改善了根系生长的条件，并呼吁人们保护它
们。
28. 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“They found digging cost the gophers about as much energy as the roots
provided. (他们发现，囊地鼠挖掘所花费的能量与根系提供的能量差不多。)”可知囊地鼠从根系中获得能量。
故选A项。
29. 词句猜测题。根据第三段划线短语之后“root growth. Their poop served as fertilizer. And biting also
encouraged root growth. They now think this amounts to a form of farming. (根的生长。它们的粪便被用作肥料。
咬也促进了根的生长。他们现在认为这相当于一种农业形式。)可知囊地鼠的粪便可以被用作肥料而且咬的
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}动作也促进了根的生长，所以划线短语的意思指的是囊地鼠提供的条件有助于植物的生长，即与 C 项
Favoring(有助于)意思相近。故选C项。
30. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段““If gophers could be regarded as farmers, then most animals are farmers.
These animals also create good growing conditions for the plants they feed on. Take cows, for example. Their poop
fertilizes the grass. But farmers don‟t consider cows as their colleagues.”(“如果囊地鼠可以被视为农民，那么大
多数动物都是农民。这些动物也为它们赖以为生的植物创造了良好的生长条件。以牛为例。它们的粪便给
草施肥。但农民并不把牛当成他们的同事。”)”可知在Mueller看来牛的粪便也可以给草施肥，但是农民并不
把牛当成是农民，同样地虽然囊地鼠能够为植物的生长提供条件，但不能就此称它们为农民，所以Mueller
提到牛的目的是为了否认囊地鼠被视为农民的观点。故选C项。
31. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Putz hopes their research makes people kinder to gophers. “If you put in
„gopher‟ online, you‟ll see many ways to kill them,” he says. If people see gophers as useful animals, they might
treat them better.( Putz希望他们的研究能让人们对囊地鼠更友善。“如果你把„囊地鼠‟放到网上，你会看到很
多杀死它们的方法，”他说。如果人们认为囊地鼠是有用的动物，他们可能会更好地对待它们。)”可知 Putz
希望人们能够友好地对待囊地鼠，避免对它们进行伤害。故选B项。
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. A
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了智慧城市的定义、起源、特点以及应用。
32. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, using cutting-edge technologies, smart cities can cover them all.(今天，使
用尖端技术，智慧城市可以覆盖所有这些)”以及第四段“Smart cities rely heavily on automation, connectivity to
the Internet , and the Internet of things (IoT).(智慧城市在很大程度上依赖于自动化、互联网连接和物联网)”可
知，智慧城市利用尖端技术解决生活中的诸多问题，且在很大程度上依赖于自动化、互联网连接以及物联
网。由此可见，智慧城市高度依赖现代技术，故选C。
33. 推理判断题。根据第四段“According to TWI, a global organization dedicated to technology engineering, a
smart city operates according to four basic steps: collection, analysis, communication, and action. In this approach,
a set of smart sensors will collect real-time data about people and infrastructure. After the data collected is analyzed,
the result will be communicated to the decision-makers, who will take action to improve the quality of city life for
its residents.(据致力于技术工程的全球性组织TWI介绍，智慧城市的运作需要四个基本步骤：收集、分析、
沟通和行动。在这种方法中，一组智能传感器将收集有关人员和基础设施的实时数据。收集到的数据被分
析后，结果将传达给决策者，决策者将采取行动改善城市居民的生活质量)”可知，智慧城市的正常运行需要
多方的共同努力，故选B。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}34. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Smart city technologies have already been applied in some countries and cities
around the world. Singapore, for example, has introduced a wide range of smart technologies in both its public and
private sectors since launching its Smart Nation initiative in 2014.(智慧城市技术已经在世界上一些国家和城市
得到了应用。例如，新加坡自 2014 年启动智能国家计划以来，在公共和私营部门引入了广泛的智能技术)”
可知，提到新加坡，是为了进行举例说明智慧城市技术的应用，故选D。
35. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Today, using cutting-edge technologies, smart cities can cover them all. We are
now in the era of being “smart”.(今天，使用尖端技术，智慧城市可以覆盖所有这些。我们现在处在一个“智慧”
时代)”及下文内容可知，本文介绍了智慧城市的定义、起源、特点以及应用。B 项“智慧城市：智慧生活方
式”体现出智能科技下的智慧生活，具有很强的概括性，故选A。
【答案】36. E 37. C 38. F 39. D 40. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了基因可能是造成人左撇子的原因，在历史上不同文化中, 左撇子被
认为是一种消极的东西，现在大多数社会和文化不再像以前那样排斥左撇子。研究发现左撇子的人更有创
造力，所以左撇子的人应该以自己是左撇子面自豪。
36. 根据上文“The world is designed for right-handed people. but why does a tenth of the population prefer the
left?(这个世界是为右撇子设计的。但为什么十分之一的人更喜欢左手呢？)”和下文“The answer to it remains
a bit of a mystery.(这个问题的答案仍然是个谜。)”可知，空处是一个问题，并且承接上文询问为什么有些人
习惯用左手。E项：Why do they use their left hand instead of their right hand for routine activities?(为什么他们
在日常活动中使用左手而不是右手？)符合语境。故选E。
37. 根据下文“So it‟s assumed that left-handedness has a genetic (基因的) component to it, In other words,
left-handers are born that way.(所以人们认为左撇子有遗传因素，换句话说，左撇子天生如此。)”可知，本段
解释左撇子形成的原因是遗传。C项：Scientists have noticed that left-handedness tends to run in families.(科学
家们注意到左撇子倾向于在家族中遗传。)符合语境。故选C。
38. 空处为段落主旨句。根据下文“The unfavourable associations of the use of the left hand among cultures are
varied, In some areas, the left hand became known as the “unclean” hand. In many religions, the right hand of God
is the favoured hand. For example, Jesus sits at God‟s right side.(不同文化对使用左手的不良联想各不相同，在
某些地区，左手被称为“不洁”的手。在许多宗教中，神的右手是施恩的手。)”和“In some parts of Scotland, it in
considered bad luck to meet a left-handed person at the start of a journey.(在苏格兰的一些地区，在旅行开始时遇
到左撇子被认为是不吉利的。)”可知，本段主要讲述了历史上人们对左撇子的看法是负面的。F项：Historically,
the left side and left-handedness have been considered a negative thing.(历史上，左撇子和惯用左手被认为是负
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}面的东西。)符合语境。故选F。
39. 根据上文“Various activities and experiences become rude or even signs of bad luck when the left hand
becomes involved. In some parts of Scotland, it in considered bad luck to meet a left-handed person at the start of a
journey. In Ghana, pointing, gesturing, giving or receiving items with the left hand is considered rude. A person
giving directions will put their left hand behind them and even physically try to point with their right hand if
necessary.( 当左手参与进来时，各种活动和经历变得粗鲁甚至是坏运气的迹象。在苏格兰的一些地区，在旅
行开始时遇到左撇子被认为是不吉利的。在加纳，指向，手势，用左手拿东西被认为是不礼貌的。指路的
人会把左手放在身后，必要时甚至会用右手指方向。)”可知，本段列举了世界上的一些地区对左手的偏见。
D项：In some Asian countries, eating with the left hand is considered impolite.(在一些亚洲国家，用左手吃饭被
认为是不礼貌的。)符合语境。故选D。
40. 根据下文“Instead, it is a wonderful gift or maybe it is something you should take pride in.(相反，它是一个很
棒的礼物，或者它是你应该引以为傲的东西。)”可知，空处和下文形成转折关系，说明左撇子不再是不被接
受的了。A项：Being left handed is no longer a sad story now. (左撇子现在不再是一个悲伤的故事。)符合语境。
故选A。
三、语言运用（满分30分）
第一节 完形填空 （满分15分，每题1分）
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. C 46. B 47. C 48. D 49. A 50. B 51.
B 52. C 53. A 54. C 55. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Roger Bannister 凭借自身的努力，从事了医学事业，并且在赛
跑领域也取得了非凡的成就。
41. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父母是工人阶级，他无法接受大学教育，但他决心在英国的一所顶尖大
学获得一席之地，并从事医学事业。A. hope希望；B. reach到达；C. sight视力；D. control控制。根据后文
“of his working-class parents”可知，他的父母是工人阶级，他无法接受大学教育，beyond the reach of表示“超
出……的控制范围”。故选B。
42. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的父母是工人阶级，他无法接受大学教育，但他决心在英国的一所顶尖
大学获得一席之地，并从事医学事业。A. excited激动的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. satisfied满足的；D. determined
坚定的。根据后文“to secure a place at one of England‟s top universities”以及上文but表示转折，可知，他决心
在英国的一所顶尖大学获得一席之地，故选D。
43. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的父母是工人阶级，他无法接受大学教育，但他决心在英国的一所顶尖大
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}学获得一席之地，并从事医学事业。A. medicine药物；B. biology生物学；C. history历史；D. literature文学。
根据后文“and his medical studies”可知，他想从事医学事业。故选A。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，由于他在学术上的努力，班尼斯特获得了牛津大学的奖学金，在
那里，他在跑道上的非凡速度很快为他赢得了体育媒体的关注和认可。A. support支持；B. guidance指导；
C. permission允许；D. recognition识别，认可。根据上文“his exceptional speed on the track soon earned him the
attention and”可知，班尼斯特的出色表现赢得了体育媒体的关注和认可。故选D。
45. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他拒绝参加 1948 年伦敦奥运会，更愿意专注于训练和医学
研究。A. decided决定；B. planned计划；C. declined拒绝；D. promised承诺。根据后文“preferring to focus on
his”可知，他更愿意专注于训练和医学研究，拒绝参加1948年伦敦奥运会，故选C。
46. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，他拒绝参加 1948 年伦敦奥运会，更愿意专注于训练和医学
研究。A. family家庭；B. training训练；C. profession专业；D. competition比赛。根据上文“to compete in the
1948 Olympics”可知，他不想去参加比赛，说明想更专注于训练。故选B。
47. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到 1951 年，班尼斯特赢得了英国一英里赛跑的冠军，并为参加奥运会做
好了准备。A. cool凉爽的；B. proud骄傲的；C. ready准备好的；D. afraid害怕的。根据上文“Bannister had won
the British championship in the mile”可知，班尼斯特赢得了英国一英里赛跑的冠军，并为参加奥运会做好了
准备。故选C。
48. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，在最后一刻，赛程的改变迫使他在比赛中没有休息，他在 1952
年奥运会的1500米比赛中仅获得第四名。A. Naturally自然地；B. Actually实际上；C. Obviously显然；D.
Unfortunately不幸地。根据后文“he finished just fourth”可知，只获得了第四名，是不幸的事情。故选D。
49. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，在最后一刻，赛程的改变迫使他在比赛中没有休息，他在 1952
年奥运会的1500米比赛中仅获得第四名。A. forced迫使；B. allowed允许；C. expected期待；D. encouraged
鼓励。根据上文“a last-minute change in the schedule”可知，没有休息是因为赛程的改变迫使的。故选A。
50. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了打破4分钟跑完一英里的障碍，班尼斯特每天从全日制医学学习中抽出
45分钟进行训练。A. take in理解；B. set aside留出；C. carry away夺走；D. get through完成。根据后文“45
minutes every day from his full-time medical studies for training”指他留出45分钟进行训练。故选B。
51. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1954年5月6日，在牛津大学，他的努力终于得到了回报。A. interest兴趣；
B. effort努力；C. courage勇气；D. attention注意力。根据后文“At age 25, Bannister made history, crossing the
finish line at 3: 59.4.(25岁时，班尼斯特以3分59秒4的成绩冲过终点线，创造了历史)”指他的努力终于得
到了回报。故选B。
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}52. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当报幕员读出时间：“3……”时，其余的声音被欢呼的人群淹没了。A. favored
帮助；B. attracted吸引；C. drowned淹没，溺水；D. confirmed确认。根据后文“by the cheering crowd”指报
幕员的声音被欢呼的人群淹没了。故选C。
53. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在接下来著名的“世纪一英里”比赛中，班尼斯特以 3 分 58秒 8 的成绩击败
了澳大利亚选手约翰·兰迪，后者的成绩是3分59秒6，两人都不到4分钟。A. defeated击败；B. inspected
检查；C. overlooked忽视；D. approached靠近。根据后文“of 3: 58.8 to Landy‟s 3: 59.6”可知，班尼斯特以3
分58秒8的成绩击败了澳大利亚选手约翰·兰迪，故选A。
54. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：班尼斯特对学术医学的贡献同样卓越，但他的四分钟一英里精神不仅鼓舞了
我们这个时代的人，也鼓舞了过去和以后的人。A. promise承诺；B. attitude态度；C. contribution贡献；D.
viewpoint观点。根据后文“to academic medicine is equally remarkable”指班尼斯特对学术医学的贡献同样卓越，
故选C。
55. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：班尼斯特对学术医学的贡献同样卓越，但他的四分钟一英里精神不仅鼓舞
了我们这个时代的人，也鼓舞了过去和以后的人。A. inspirational 启发灵感的；B. considerate 体贴的；C.
aggressive好斗的；D. controversial有争议的。根据后文“to not only people of our era, but to before and after”
指班尼斯特的四分钟一英里精神不仅鼓舞了我们这个时代的人，也鼓舞了过去和以后的人。故选A。
第二节 语法填空（满分15分，每题1.5分）
【答案】56. called 57. with 58. an 59. Actually 60. which 61. yourself 62. be displayed
63. lessons 64. ensure 65. to master
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了拼音系统在中文字符输入和中文学习中的重要作用和应用。
56. 考查非谓语动词。句意：答案在于一种非常有用的语音系统——拼音。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修
饰词“phonetic system”和动词“call”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填called。
57. 考查固定短语。句意：它是用来拼写中文发音的最常用的系统，使用的是你已经熟悉的拉丁字母。固定
短语：be familiar with，意为“对……熟悉”，符合句意。故填with。
58. 考查冠词。句意：拼音是一个非常有用的工具，应该是你学习汉语的基础。修饰可数名词单数“tool”，
表示泛指，用不定冠词修饰；空后单词为元音音素开头，用an修饰。故填an。
59. 考查副词。句意：实际上，所有以汉语为母语的人都知道拼音，这是中国孩子在学校学习汉字之前首先
要学习的东西。担当本句的状语，用副词形式；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Actually。
60. 考查定语从句。句意：实际上，所有以汉语为母语的人都知道拼音，这是中国孩子在学校学习汉字之前
首先要学习的东西。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“pinyin”，在非限制性定语从句中担当宾语，用关
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{#{QQABDYaAggCIQJIAARgCQQVgCgGQkACAAKoOBBAAsAAByRNABAA=}#}系代词which引导。故填which。
61. 考查代词。句意：所以即使你不认识汉字，你也可以输入拼音并让他人理解你的意思。根据句意可知，
空处指的是主语与宾语指代同一个人，用反身代词。故填yourself。
62. 考查谓语动词。句意：每一个在中文中存在的声音都可以轻松地在拼音图表中显示出来。分析句子成分
可知，空处出现在情态动词之后，用动词原形；主语为“every single sound”，和动词“display”之间为被动关
系。故填be displayed。
63. 考查名词的数。句意：我们还创建了一系列带有练习工具的视频课程，这些工具可以让你录制自己的发
音并回放，以确保你的发音与示例相符。根据空前的“a series of”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填lessons。
64. 考查动词。句意：我们还创建了一系列带有练习工具的视频课程，这些工具可以让你录制自己的发音并
回放，以确保你的发音与示例相符。分析句子成分可知，空前为不定式符号“to”，由此可知空处为动词原形，
意为“确保”。故填ensure。
65. 考查非谓语动词。句意：结合我们的声调对练习工具，您现在拥有掌握拼音，声调和汉语发音所需的一
切。need to do sth需要做某事。故填to master。
四、书面表达（满分40分）
第一节：应用文写作（满分15分）
【答案】
First Aid Knowledge Hits the Campus
Last weekend, our school hosted an event titled “First Aid Knowledge Hits the Campus”.
The event began with a lecture by a professional trainer, covering CPR techniques, wound dressing, and
handling common emergencies. Following the lecture, students participated in hands-on workshops, practicing their
skills under the guidance of experts.
This initiative not only equipped our students with valuable lifesaving skills but also raised awareness of the
importance of prompt first aid. The positive feedback from students shows the need for more such practical and
informative events on campus.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就上周末学校举办的“急救知识进校园”的活动为校英文报写一
篇报道。
【详解】1.词汇积累
开始：begin→start
参加：participate in→join in
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重要性：importance→significance
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The event began with a lecture by a professional trainer, covering CPR techniques, wound dressing, and
handling common emergencies.
拓展句：The event began with a lecture by a professional trainer, which covers CPR techniques, wound dressing,
and handling common emergencies.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Last weekend, our school hosted an event titled “First Aid Knowledge Hits the Campus”.
（运用了过去分词作后置定语）
【高分句型2】This initiative not only equipped our students with valuable lifesaving skills but also raised
awareness of the importance of prompt first aid.（运用了not only…but also连接并列成分）
第二节 读后续写（满分25分）
Week by week, Ben realized that reading seemed easier with Max‟s company. The presence of the gray cat
made him feel more relaxed and comfortable. He noticed that Max‟s purring had a calming effect on him, allowing
him to focus better on the words in front of him. Ben was amazed by how much he enjoyed reading aloud to Max.
Still, he was surprised when Ms. Delgado gave him the Most Improved Reader award. Ben felt a sense of pride and
accomplishment as he held the certificate in his hands. He couldn‟t wait to show it to Max.
But on Saturday, Ben couldn‟t find Max at the shelter. He looked around the room, hoping to catch a glimpse
of his feline friend. However, Max was nowhere to be found. Ben‟s heart sank as he realized that someone might
have adopted Max. Just then, Mrs. Patel walked into the visitors‟ room, carrying Max. “I‟m adopting him,” Mrs.
Patel said. “You can come over every day to read to him.” Hearing what Mrs. Patel said, Ben jumped with
excitement and threw his arms around Mrs. Patel. Of course, he didn‟t forget to hug Max tightly who gave a
contented purr.
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了Ben去动物收容所时，给一只名叫Max的猫读书，发现它好像听
得懂似得，于是 Ben 提出想收养 Max，但他妈妈有过敏症。他甚至告诉了他的邻居 Patel 太太关于 Max 的
事。一周又一周，Ben意识到有了Max的陪伴，读书似乎变得更容易了，Ben还被老师授予“最进步读者奖”。
Ben想去收容所告诉Max得奖的事情，却得知Max被收养了，结果原来是邻居Patel太太收养了Max。
【详解】1. 段落续写：
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在Max的陪伴下，朗读能力获得很大的提升，并获得老师的奖励。
②由第二段首句内容“但是星期六，本在收容所找不到马克斯。”可知，第二段可描写Ben找不到Max的感
受，以及最后知道Patel太太收养了Max后的反应。
2. 续写线索：老师安排去给猫读书——遇到 Max——想收养 Max 但是不行——发现自己在 Max 陪伴下朗
读能力提高——获得进步奖——想告诉Max——Max不见了——得知Max被Patel收养——高兴。
3. 词汇激活
行为类
①注意到：notice/perceive/note
②集中注意力：focus on/concentrate on/throw oneself into
③走近：walk into/ step into
情绪类
①惊讶的：amazed/surprised/astounded。
②兴奋：excitement/enthusiasm/thrill
【点睛】[高分句型1]He noticed that Max‟s purring had a calming effect on him, allowing him to focus better on
the words in front of him. (that引导宾语从句)
[高分句型2]Of course, he didn‟t forget to hug Max tightly who gave a contented purr. (who引导的定语从句)
更多好卷：
2024年高考英语押题预测卷-学科网 (zxxk.com)
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