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2005 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D
on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
① The human nose is an underrated tool. ② Humans are often thought to be insensitive
smellers compared with animals, 1 __ this is largely because, 2 animals, we stand upright.
③This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4
the majority of smells which stick to surfaces. ④In fact, 5 , we are extremely sensitive to
smells, 6 __ we do not generally realize it. ⑤Our noses are capable of 7__ human smells even
when these are 8__ to far below one part in one million.
① Strangely, some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9__
others are sensitive to the smells of both flowers. ② This may be because some people do not
have the genes necessary to generate 10__ smell receptors in the nose. ③These receptors are the
cells which sense smells and send 11__ to the brain. ④ However, it has been found that even
people insensitive to a certain smell 12__ can suddenly become sensitive to it when 13__ to it
often enough.
①The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it 14__ to keep
all smell receptors working all the time but can 15__ new receptors if necessary. ② This may
16__ explain why we are not usually sensitive to our own smells—we simply do not need to be.
③We are not 17__ of the usual smell of our own house, but we 18__ new smells when we visit
someone else’s. ④ The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19__ for unfamiliar and
emergency signals 20__ the smell of smoke, which might indicate the danger of fire.（280
words）
1. [ A ] although [ B ] as [ C ] but [ D ] while
2. [ A ] above [ B ] unlike [ C ] excluding [ D ] besides
3. [ A ] limited [ B ] committed [ C ] dedicated [ D ] confined
4. [ A ] catching [ B ] ignoring [ C ] missing [ D ] tracking
5. [ A ] anyway [ B ] though [ C ] instead [ D ] therefore
6. [ A ] even if [ B ] if only [ C ] only if [ D ] as if
7. [ A ] distinguishing [ B ] discovering [ C ] determining[ D ] detecting
8. [ A ] diluted [ B ] dissolved [ C ] dispersed [ D ] diffused
9. [ A ] when [ B ] since [ C ] for [ D ] whereas
10. [ A ] unusual [ B ] particular [ C ] unique [ D ] typical
11. [ A ] signs [ B ] stimuli [ C ] messages [ D ] impulses
12. [ A ] at first [ B ] at all [ C ] at large [ D ] at times
13. [ A ] subjected [ B ] left [ C ] drawn [ D ] exposed
14. [ A ] ineffective [ B ] incompetent [ C ] inefficient [ D ] insufficient
1/1215. [ A ] introduce [ B ] summon [ C ] trigger [ D ] create
16. [ A ] still [ B ] also [ C ] otherwise [ D ] nevertheless
17. [ A ] sure [ B ] sick [ C ] aware [ D ] tired
18. [ A ] tolerate [ B ] repel [ C ] neglect [ D ] notice
19. [ A ] available [ B ] reliable [ C ] identifiable[ D ] suitable
20. [ A ] similar to [ B ] such as [ C ] along with [ D ] aside from
Section ⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
①Everybody loves a fat pay rise. ②Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a
colleague has been given a bigger one. ③Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might
even be outraged. ④Such behavior is regarded as "all too human", with the underlying
assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.
⑤But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia,
which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
①The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. ②They look cute.
③They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. ④Above all,
like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of "goods
and services" than males.
①Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study.
②The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.
③Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.
④However, when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each
could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly
different.
①In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers).
②So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second was reluctant to
hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. ③And if one received a grape without having to
provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out
of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber. ④Indeed, the mere presence of a grape
in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce resentment in a
female capuchin.
①The researchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social
emotions. ②In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. ③Such co-operation is
likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. ④Feelings of righteous
2/12indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone. ⑤Refusing a lesser reward completely
makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. ⑥However, whether such a
sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the
common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
(426 words)
21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by__________.
[A] posing a contrast
[B] justifying an assumption
[C] making a comparison
[D] explaining a phenomenon
22. The statement “it is all too monkey” ( Last line, Paragraph 1 ) implies that_________.
[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals
[B] resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature
[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other
[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions
23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are_____.
[A] more inclined to weigh what they get
[B] attentive to researchers' instructions
[C] nice in both appearance and temperament
[D] more generous than their male companions
24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys________.
[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers
[B] can be taught to exchange things
[C] will not be co-operative if feeling cheated
[D] are unhappy when separated from others
25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.
Text 2
①Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the
doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? ②That the evidence was inconclusive, the science
uncertain? ③That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government
should stay out of the way? ④Lots of Americans bought that nonsense, and over three decades,
some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
3/12①There are upsetting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us
to the growing threat of global warming. ②The latest was a panel from the National Academy of
Sciences, enlisted by the White House, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming
and that the problem is largely man-made. ③The clear message is that we should get moving to
protect ourselves. ④The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in
the preface to the panel’s report: “Science never has all the answers. ⑤But science does provide us
with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base
important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future
consequences of present actions.”
①Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about
global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for
sure. ②This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late.
③With the risks obvious and growing, a prudent people would take out an insurance policy now.
①Fortunately, the White House is starting to pay attention. ②But it's obvious that a majority
of the president's advisers still don't take global warming seriously. ③Instead of a plan of action,
they continue to press for more research—a classic case of “paralysis by analysis.”
①To serve as responsible stewards of the planet, we must press forward on deeper
atmospheric and oceanic research. ②But research alone is inadequate. ③If the Administration
won't take the legislative initiative, Congress should help to begin fashioning conservation
measures. ④A bill by Democratic Senator Robert Byrd of West Virginia, which would offer
financial incentives for private industry, is a promising start. ⑤Many see that the country is
getting ready to build lots of new power plants to meet our energy needs. ⑥If we are ever going to
protect the atmosphere, it is crucial that those new plants be environmentally sound. (420 words)
26. An argument made by supporters of smoking was that__________.
[A] there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and death
[B] the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificant
[C] people had the freedom to choose their own way of life
[D] antismoking people were usually talking nonsense
27. According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as________.
[A] a protector[B] a judge[C] a critic[D] a guide
28. What does the author mean by "paralysis by analysis"（Last line, Paragraph 4）?
[A] Endless studies kill action.
[B] Careful investigation reveals truth.
[C] Prudent planning hinders progress.
[D] Extensive research helps decision-making.
29. According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?
[A] Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.
[B] Raise public awareness of conservation.
[C] Press for further scientific research.
[D] Take some legislative measures.
30. The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because______.
[A] they both suffered from the government's negligence
[B] a lesson from the latter is applicable to the former
4/12[C] the outcome of the latter aggravates the former
[D] both of them have turned from bad to worse
Text 3
①Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control.
②In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. ③A
century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of
our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of
them as just “mental noise”—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during
sleep. ④Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat,
regulating moods while the brain is "off-line." ⑤And one leading authority says that these
intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious
control, to help us sleep and feel better.⑥ “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of
psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don't like it, change it.”
①Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. ②The brain is as active during REM
（rapid eye movement）sleep—when most vivid dreams occur—as it is when fully awake, says
Dr. Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh.③But not all parts of the brain are equally
involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal
cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. ④“We wake up from dreams
happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day,” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr.
William Dement.
①The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic.
②Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones
before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during
the day. ③Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the
emotional significance of the day’s events—until, it appears, we begin to dream.
①And this process need not be left to the unconscious. ②Cartwright believes one can
exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. ③As soon as you awaken, identify what is
upsetting about the dream. ④Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it
occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. ⑤With much practice people can learn to,
literally, do it in their sleep.
①At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all
unless they keep us from sleeping or “we wake up in a panic,” Cartwright says. ②Terrorism,
economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety.
③Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. ④For the rest of
us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. ⑤Sleep—or rather dream—on it and
you'll feel better in the morning. (470 words)
31.Researchers have come to believe that dreams___________.
[A] can be modified in their courses
[B] are susceptible to emotional changes
[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears
[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs
32. By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show_________.
5/12[A] its function in our dreams
[B] the mechanism of REM sleep
[C] the relation of dreams to emotions
[D] its difference from the prefrontal cortex
33. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to_______.
[A] aggravate in our unconscious mind
[B] develop into happy dreams
[C] persist till the time we fall asleep
[D] show up in dreams early at night
34. Cartwright seems to suggest that___________.
[A] waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreams
[B] visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under control
[C] dreams should be left to their natural progression
[D] dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious
35. What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?
[A] Lead your life as usual.
[B] Seek professional help.
[C] Exercise conscious control.
[D] Avoid anxiety in the daytime.
Text 4
①Americans no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command
the English language with skill and gift. ②Nor do they aspire to such command themselves.③In
his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and Music and Why We
Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and controversialist of mixed liberal and
conservative views, sees the triumph of 1960s counter-culture as responsible for the decline of
formal English.
①Blaming the permissive 1960s is nothing new, but this is not yet another criticism against
the decline in education. ②Mr. McWhorter’s academic speciality is language history and change,
and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more
regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.
①But the cult of the authentic and the personal, “doing our own thing”, has spelt the death of
formal speech, writing, poetry and music. ②While even the modestly educated sought an elevated
tone when they put pen to paper before the 1960s, even the most well regarded writing since then
has sought to capture spoken English on the page. ③Equally, in poetry, the highly personal,
performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. ④In both oral and written
English, talking is triumphing over speaking, spontaneity over craft.
①Illustrated with an entertaining array of examples from both high and low culture, the
trend that Mr. McWhorter documents is unmistakable. ②But it is less clear, to take the question of
his subtitle, why we should, like, care. ③As a linguist, he acknowledges that all varieties of
human language, including non-standard ones like Black English, can be powerfully expressive—
there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. ④He is not
arguing, as many do, that we can no longer think straight because we do not talk proper.
①Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized
6/12poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-
fashioned to most English-speakers.②Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not
strictly necessary, and proposes no radical education reforms—he is really grieving over the loss
of something beautiful more than useful. ③We now take our English “on paper plates instead of
china”. ④A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one. (392 words)
36. According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English_________.
[A] is inevitable in radical education reforms
[B] is but all too natural in language development
[C] has caused the controversy over the counter-culture
[D] brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s
37. The word “talking” ( Line 6, Paragraph 3 ) denotes__________.
[A] modesty[B] personality[C] liveliness[D] informality
38. To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?
[A] Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.
[B] Black English can be more expressive than standard English.
[C] Non-standard varieties of human language are just as entertaining.
[D] Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.
39. The description of Russians’ love of memorizing poetry shows the author's_________.
[A] interest in their language
[B] appreciation of their efforts
[C] admiration for their memory
[D] contempt for their old-fashionedness
40. According to the last paragraph, “paper plates” is to “china”as_________.
[A] “temporary”is to “permanent”
[B] “radical”is to “conservative”
[C] “functional”is to “artistic”
[D] “humble” is to“noble”
Part B
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most
suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices,
which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
Canada's premiers (the leaders of provincial governments), if they have any breath left after
complaining about Ottawa at their late July annual meeting, might spare a moment to do
something, together, to reduce health-care costs.
They're all groaning about soaring health budgets, the fastest-growing component of which are
pharmaceutical costs.
(41) ____________
What to do? Both the Romanow commission and the Kirby committee on health care — to say
nothing of reports from other experts — recommended the creation of a national drug agency.
Instead of each province having its own list of approved drugs, bureaucracy, procedures and
7/12limited bargaining power, all would pool resources, work with Ottawa, and create a national
institution.
(42) ____________
But "national" doesn't have to mean that. "National" could mean interprovincial—provinces
combining efforts to create one body.
Either way, one benefit of a "national" organization would be to negotiate better prices, if
possible, with drug manufacturers. Instead of having one province—or a series of hospitals within
a province—negotiate a price for a given drug on the provincial list, the national agency would
negotiate on behalf of all provinces.
Rather than, say, Quebec, negotiating on behalf of seven million people, the national agency
would negotiate on behalf of 31 million people. Basic economics suggests the greater the potential
consumers, the higher the likelihood of a better price.
(43) ____________
A small step has been taken in the direction of a national agency with the creation of the
Canadian Co-ordinating Office for Health Technology Assessment, funded by Ottawa and the
provinces. Under it, a Common Drug Review recommends to provincial lists which new drugs
should be included. Predictably, and regrettably, Quebec refused to join.
A few premiers are suspicious of any federal-provincial deal-making. They (particularly Quebec
and Alberta) just want Ottawa to fork over additional billions with few, if any, strings attached.
That's one reason why the idea of a national list hasn't gone anywhere, while drug costs keep
rising fast.
(44) ____________
Premiers love to quote Mr. Romanow's report selectively, especially the parts about more
federal money. Perhaps they should read what he had to say about drugs: "A national drug agency
would provide governments more influence on pharmaceutical companies in order to try to
constrain the ever-increasing cost of drugs."
(45) ____________
So when the premiers gather in Niagara Falls to assemble their usual complaint list, they should
also get cracking about something in their jurisdiction that would help their budgets and patients.
[A] Quebec's resistance to a national agency is provincialist ideology. One of the first advocates
for a national list was a researcher at Laval University. Quebec's Drug Insurance Fund has
seen its costs skyrocket with annual increases from 14.3 per cent to 26.8 per cent!
[B] Or they could read Mr. Kirby's report: "The substantial buying power of such an agency
would strengthen the public prescription-drug insurance plans to negotiate the lowest
possible purchase prices from drug companies."
[C] What does "national" mean? Roy Romanow and Senator Michael Kirby recommended a
federal-provincial body much like the recently created National Health Council.
[D] The problem is simple and stark: health-care costs have been, are, and will continue to
increase faster than government revenues.
[E] According to the Canadian Institute for Health Information, prescription drug costs have
risen since 1997 at twice the rate of overall health-care spending. Part of the increase comes
from drugs being used to replace other kinds of treatments. Part of it arises from new drugs
costing more than older kinds. Part of it is higher prices.
8/12[F] So, if the provinces want to run the health-care show, they should prove they can run it,
starting with an interprovincial health list that would end duplication, save administrative
costs, prevent one province from being played off against another, and bargain for better
drug prices.
[G] Of course, the pharmaceutical companies will scream. They like divided buyers; they can
lobby better that way. They can use the threat of removing jobs from one province to
another. They can hope that, if one province includes a drug on its list, the pressure will
cause others to include it on theirs. They wouldn't like a national agency, but self-interest
would lead them to deal with it.
Part C
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your
translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
It is not easy to talk about the role of the mass media in this overwhelmingly significant
phase in European history. History and news become confused, and one’s impressions tend to be a
mixture of skepticism and optimism. (46) Television is one of the means by which these feelings
are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different
peoples and nations as in the recent events in Europe. The Europe that is now forming cannot be
anything other than its peoples, their cultures and national identities. With this in mind we can
begin to analyze the European television scene. (47) In Europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups
have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers,
magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another. One Italian example would
be the Berlusconi group, while abroad Maxwell and Murdoch come to mind.
Clearly, only the biggest and most flexible television companies are going to be able to
compete in such a rich and hotly-contested market. (48) This alone demonstrates that the
television business is not an easy world to survive in, a fact underlined by statistics that show that
out of eighty European television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.
Moreover, the integration of the European community will oblige television companies to
cooperate more closely in terms of both production and distribution.
(49) Creating a “European identity” that respects the different cultures and traditions which
go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic
choice—that of producing programs in Europe for Europe. This entails reducing our dependence
on the North American market, whose programs relate to experiences and cultural traditions which
are different from our own.
In order to achieve these objectives, we must concentrate more on co-productions, the
exchange of news, documentary services and training. This also involves the agreements between
European countries for the creation of a European bank for Television Production which, on the
model of the European Investments Bank, will handle the finances necessary for production costs.
(50) In dealing with a challenge on such a scale, it is no exaggeration to say, “United we stand,
divided we fall”—and if I had to choose a slogan it would be “Unity in our diversity,” a unity of
9/12objectives that nonetheless respect the varied peculiarities of each country. (405 words)
Section Ⅲ Writing
Part A
51. Directions:
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs &Fashions. But now
you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss,
Mr. Wang, telling him your decision stating your reason(s), and making an apology.
Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not
sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming” instead. You do not need to write the
address. (10 points)
Part B
52. Directions:
Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should
first describe the drawing, then interpret its meaning, and give your comment on it.
You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)
10/12答案速查表
Section Ⅰ Use of English (10 points)
1.C 2.B 3.A/D 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.D 8.A9.D10.B
11.C 12.A13.D14.C 15.D 16.B 17.C 18.D 19.A 20.B
Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (60 points)
Part A (40 points)
21.C 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.B 26. C 27. D 28. A 29. D 30. B
31.A 32.C 33.D 34.D 35.A 36.B 37.D 38.A 39.B 40.C
Part B (10 points)
41.E42.C43.G44.F45. B
Part C (10 points)
46. 电视是引发和传递这些感受的手段之一——在欧洲近来发生的事件中，它把不
同的民族和国家联络在一起，其作用之大，前所未有。
47.像在其他地方一样，欧洲的传媒集团已经日益成功：这些集团将相互协作的电
视、广播、报纸、杂志和出版社结合在一起。
48.仅这一点就足以表明，在电视行业生存下来并非易事，统计数字也突显了这一事
实，统计表明，1989年在80家欧洲电视网中，多达一半出现了亏损。
49.不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织成一体，要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传
统的“欧洲特色”绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性的选择。
50.在应对如此规模的挑战时，我们可以毫不夸张地说，“团结则立，分裂则亡”。
11/12
