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2004 年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题
Section I Listening Comprehension
（略）
SectionⅡUse of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D
on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
①Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency（crimes committed by
young people） focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing
influence. ② Theories 21 on the individual suggest that children engage in
criminal behavior 22 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds
or that they have learned criminal behavior through 2 3 with others. ③Theories
focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in 24 to
their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status, 25 as a rejection of
middle-class values.
①Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged
families, 26 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes.
②The latter may commit crimes 27 lack of adequate parental control. ③All
theories, however, are tentative and are 28 to criticism.
①Changes in the social structure may indirectly 29 juvenile crime rates.
②For example, changes in the economy that 3 0 to fewer job opportunities for
youth and rising unemployment 31 make gainful employment increasingly
difficult to obtain.③The resulting discontent may in 32 lead more youths into
criminal behavior.
①Families have also 33 changes these years. ②More families consist of
one-parent households or two working parents; 34 , children are likely to have
less supervision at home 3 5 was common in the traditional family 3 6
. ③ This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime
rates. ④ Other 37 causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in
school, the increased 38 of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 39
of child abuse and child neglect. ⑤ All these conditions tend to increase the probability
of a child committing a criminal act, 40 a direct causal relationship has not
yet been established. （286 words）
21. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting
22. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because
23. [A] interaction[B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation
24. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response
25. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else
26. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding
1/1027. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with
28. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject
29. [A] affect[B] reduce [C] check[D] reflect
30. [A] point [B] lead [C] come[D] amount
31. [A] in general [B] on average[C] by contrast[D] at length
32. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence
33. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced
34. [A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously
35. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as
36. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage
37. [A] assessable[B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible
38. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability
39. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity
40. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposing
SectionⅢ Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.
Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
① Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across
CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. ②He searched it with no success but was
attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. ③ It’s an interactive feature that lets
visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a
matching position is posted in the database. ④ Redmon chose the keywords legal,
intellectual property, and Washington, D.C.. ⑤ Three weeks later, he got his first
notification of an opening. ⑥“I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume
to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.
① With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings
can be time-consuming and inefficient. ②Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits
to the databases. ③ But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see
drawbacks. ④Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time
you answer a question you eliminate a possibility,” says one expert.
①For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you
want to do—then broaden it. ②“None of these programs do that,” says another expert.
③“There’s no career counseling implicit in all of this.”④Instead, the best strategy is to
use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database;
when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. ⑤“I would
not rely on agents for finding everything that is added to a database that might interest
me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.
2/10①Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. ②When CareerSite’s
agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it
includes only three potential jobs—those it considers the best matches. ③ There may be
more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them—
and they do. ④“On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in our
traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.
① Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile.
②Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather
information on compensation to arm themselves when negotiating for a raise. ③Although
happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. ④“You always keep
your eyes open,” he says. ⑤Working with a personal search agent means having another
set of eyes looking out for you. （431 words）
41. How did Redmon find his job?
[A] By searching openings in a job database.
[B] By posting a matching position in a database.
[C] By using a special service of a database.
[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.
42. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
[A] Lack of counseling. [B] Limited number of visits.
[C] Lower efficiency. [D] Fewer successful matches.
43. The expression “ tip service” （ Line 4, Paragraph 3 ） most probably means
__________.
[A] advisory [B] compensation [C] interaction[D] reminder
44. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?
[A] To focus on better job matches. [B] To attract more returning visits.
[C] To reserve space for more messages. [D] To increase the rate of success.
45. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.
[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.
[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.
[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.
Text 2
① Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been
condemned or made illegal. ② But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism.
③This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against
those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
①It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage
over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. ② Less well
known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. ③English names
are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. ④ Yet a suspiciously large
number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
①Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and
C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors （including his father） had
3/10surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. ②Even more
striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically
advantaged （Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi）. ③ The world’s
three top central bankers （Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami） are all close to the top
of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. ④As are the world’s
five richest men （Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht）.
① Can this merely be coincidence? ② One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time
enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. ③At the start of
the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make
it easier to remember their names. ④ So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the
back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers.
⑤At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape.
⑥Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as
well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
① The humiliation continues. ② At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs
proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are
literally having a ZZZ. ③ Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of
conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their
recipients lose interest as they plough through them. （393 words）
46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?
[A] A kind of overlooked inequality. [B] A type of conspicuous bias.
[C] A type of personal prejudice. [D] A kind of brand discrimination.
47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.
[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.
[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.
[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
48. The 4th paragraph suggests that __________.
[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students
[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class
[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students
[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight
49. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ”（Line 2,
Paragraph 5）?
[A] They are getting impatient. [B] They are noisily dozing off.
[C] They are feeling humiliated. [D] They are busy with word puzzles.
50. Which of the following is true according to the text?
[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.
[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
Text 3
①When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet.
4/10②But the 47-year-old manicurist isn’t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she’d
like to, either. ③ Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two
longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. ④Spero blames the softening economy.
⑤“I’m a good economic indicator,” she says. ⑥“I provide a service that people can
do without when they’re concerned about saving some dollars.” ⑦ So Spero is
downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard’s department store near her suburban
Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. ⑧“I don’t know if other clients are going
to abandon me, too,” she says.
① Even before Alan Greenspan’s admission that America’s red-hot economy is
cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.
② From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers
temper their spending. ③For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue
between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time.
④Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year’s pace. ⑤But don’t
sound any alarms just yet. ⑥Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and
many say they remain optimistic about the economy’s long-term prospects, even as they
do some modest belt-tightening.
①Consumers say they’re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their
own fortunes still feel pretty good. ② Home prices are holding steady in most regions.
③ In Manhattan, “there’s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million
range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. ④ In
San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. ⑤“Instead of
20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,” says John Teadly, a Bay Area
real-estate broker. ⑥And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find
and keep a job.
① Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. ② Potential home buyers would
cheer for lower interest rates. ③ Employers wouldn’t mind a little fewer bubbles in the
job market. ④ Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings,
which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. ⑤Diners might
see an upside, too. ⑥ Getting a table at Manhattan’s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant
used to be impossible. ⑦ Not anymore. ⑧ For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth
toasting.（407 words）
51. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet”（Line 1, Paragraph 1）, the author
means __________.
[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business [B] Spero is too much engaged in her work
[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit [D] Spero is not in a desperate situation
52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?
[A] Optimistic. [B] Confused. [C] Carefree. [D] Panicked.
53. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range” (Lines 3, Paragraph 3),
the author is talking about __________.
[A] gold market [B] real estate [C] stock exchange [D] venture investment
54. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?
[A] They would benefit in certain ways.
[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.
5/10[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.
[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.
55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
[A] A new boom, on the horizon. [B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.
[C] Caution all right, panic not. [D] The more ventures, the more chances.
Text 4
① Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. ② Our heroes are
athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. ③ Even our schools are where we
send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of
knowledge. ④Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to
find.
①“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than
intellectual, ” says education writer Diane Ravitch. ② “ Schools could be a
counterbalance.”③Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms,
traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a
counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.
①But they could and should be. ② Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind
leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. ③ Without the ability to think
critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully
participate in our democracy. ④Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We
will become a second-rate country. ⑤We will have a less civil society.”
①“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and
professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer Prize
winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education.
②From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges
have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. ③Practicality, common sense, and
native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn
from a book.
① Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling
and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in
schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a
bellyful of words and do not know a thing.” ② Mark Twain’s Huckleberry Finn
exemplified American anti-intellectualism. ③ Its hero avoids being civilized—going to
school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness.
①Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we
reluctantly admire. ②Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind.
③ Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines,
ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines.
① School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. ② Hofstadter says our
country’s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly
proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show
the least intellectual promise.”（416 words）
56. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?
6/10[A] The habit of thinking independently. [B] Profound knowledge of the world.
[C] Practical abilities for future career. [D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.
57. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of __________.
[A] undervaluing intellect [B] favoring intellectualism
[C] supporting school reform [D] suppressing native intelligence
58. The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are __________.
[A] identical [B] similar [C] complementary [D] opposite
59. Emerson, according to the text, is probably __________.
[A] a pioneer of education reform [B] an opponent of intellectualism
[C] a scholar in favor of intellect [D] an advocate of regular schooling
60. What does the author think of intellect?
[A] It is second to intelligence. [B] It evolves from common sense.
[C] It is to be pursued. [D] It underlies power.
Part B
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your
translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. （61）
The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process
of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse lang uages
could be.
Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very
different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were
pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first
half of the twentieth century. （62） We are obliged to them because some of these
languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became
assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this
century, however, who were less eager to deal with bizarre data from “exotic” language,
were not always so grateful. （ 63 ） The newly described languages were often so
strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that
some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages
are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code
during World War II to send secret messages.
Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American Indian
languages. （64） Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf
developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual
thought in a society. He reasoned that because it is easier to formulate certain concepts
and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track
and not along another. （65） Whor f cam e to believ e in a sor t o f linguisti c determinism
which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the
grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture
7/10of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this
term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity
of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.
（355 words）
Section Ⅳ Writing
Directions:
Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should
1） describe the drawing,
2） interpret its meaning, and
3） support your view with examples.
You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. （20 points）
终点又是新起点
8/10答案速查表
SectionⅠ Listening Comprehension (20 points)
（略）
SectionⅡ Use of English (10 points)
21. C22. D23. A24. D25. A26. B27. C28. D29. A30. B
31. A32. C33. D34. B35. A36. B37. B38. D39. A40. C
SectionⅢ Reading Comprehension (50 points)
Part A (40 points)
41. C42. A43. D44. B45. C46. A47. D48. C49. B50. D
51. D52. A53. B54. A55. C56. C57. A58. D59. B60. C
Part B(10 points)
61. 希腊人认为语言结构和思维过程有某种联系，这种观点早在人们意识到语言
的多样性之前就已经在欧洲扎下了根。
62.我们得感激他们，因为随着使用这些语言的民族逐渐消亡或是被同化而丧失
了自己的本族语言，这些语言中有一些从那之后已经消失了。
63.这些新近被描述的语言往往与已经得到充分研究的欧洲语言及东南亚语言极
其不同，以至于有些学者甚至指责博厄斯和萨皮尔伪造资料。
64.出于对语言和思维关系的兴趣，沃尔夫逐渐形成了这样的观点：语言结构决
定一个社会的习惯思维模式。
65.沃尔夫开始相信某种语言决定论，这种决定论的最极端形式认为，语言禁锢
9/10思想，而语言的语法结构能对一个社会的文化产生深远的影响。
10/10
