文档内容
六级模拟卷（四）——答案解析
Part I Writing
高分范文 精彩点评
OnCohesion ①由解释著名的“筷子定理”开篇，引出主题。
①I assume that you are all familiar with the famous Chopsticks ②揭示“筷子定理”的本质——告诉我们凝聚
theorem—we can easily break one chopstick, but when a bunch of 力的重要性。
chopsticks are tied together, we will find it difficult to break them off ③阐述凝聚力的重要性——帮助我们快速而
even if we exhaust our strength. ②Simple as the theorem is, it aims at 轻松地解决疑难问题，从而提高工作效率。
informingus ofthe significanceofcohesion. ③Common sense hastold ④⑤提出提高凝聚力的第一个措施——设定
us that cohesion proves to be extremely important, which can help us 清晰且可达到的目标，并解释这样做的原因。
solvetoughproblemseasilyandimproveourworkefficiency. ⑥⑦提出提高凝聚力的第二个措施——给予
④To enhance cohesion, setting a clear and attainable common 团队即时奖励，并解释这样做的好处。
goal is the first step. ⑤When a team have a common goal, all team ⑧总结上文，重申凝聚力的必要性，并提倡重
memberswillstrivehardertoachieveit. ⑥Inaddition,givingthegroup 视团队凝聚力的建设。
rewards is another way to encourage team cohesion. ⑦Once rewarded 加分亮点
for their achievement, the team members can harvestan intensesenseof assume认为
collectivehonor,whichinspires themtomake furthercontributiontothe theorem定理
team. exhaust耗尽
⑧To sum up, a team can overcome any dilemma and grow rapidly enhance提高
beyond expectation under the guidance of cohesion. It’s high time that attainable可达到的
weenhancedtheteamcohesionandraisedcooperativeconsciousness.
Part II Listening Comprehension
SectionA
ConversationOne
M:(1)Ijustgotacalltohaveajobinterviewthedayaftertomorrow.
W:Oh,that’sgoodnews.Whatcompanyisit?
M:It’saclothingcompany.ButIhaven’tpreparedmyself.
W:Youmustlearnsometypicalquestionsbeforetheinterview,andremembertowearaformaldressduringtheinterview.
M: I know it. (2)But I’m still confused, if my interviewer asks me aboutmy weakness, should I tell honestly about my bad
habit?
W:Don’tevertellaboutitunlessyouwanttoloseyouropportunitytogetajobthere.
M:Well,soshouldIlieaboutmyweakness?OrwhatshouldIdowiththat？
W:Youhasbetterchangeyourbadhabit,andyoucanbefreefromtellingalie.Whatbadhabitdoyouhave?
M:Iwakeuplatealmosteverymorning.
W:Well, you canadmit this butyou’d better say thatyou can work very late. Putemphasis on this pointby saying you can
burnthemidnightoiltomeetadeadline.
M:Thatsoundsstrategic!Youradviceturnsmyshortcomingintomystrongpoint!WhatelseshouldIputinmind?
W: It is rumored that interviewers determine whether they should accept an interviewee within the first 40 seconds of the
interview.Sothefirstimpressionyouleaveisquiteimportant.
M:WhatshouldIdothen?
W:(3)Firstofall,dresswellandarriveearly.Whengreetingyourinterviewer,stand,smileandmakeeyecontactandoffera
firm handshake. Also remember that having a positive attitude and expressing enthusiasm for the job will gain you
credit.
M:ThatmeansIshouldhaveagoodknowledgeofthejobIapplyfor.
第 1 页W: Definitely. You should fully understand the role that you’re applying for by revisiting the job description, identifying
whatskills,interestsandexperiencetheemployerislookingfor.
M:Whenaskedquestions,howshouldIrespond?
W:You should answer questions clearly and concisely, (4)and ask relevant, thought-provoking questions at appropriate
moments,asthiscanshowthatyou’regenuinelyinterestedintheroleandreallylisteningtotheinterviewer.
M:Thankyouforthesuggestion.
Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
1.Whatisthisconversationmainlyabout?A)
2.Whatconfusesthemanabouttheinterviewpreparation?D)
3.Accordingtothewoman,howcanthemanleaveagoodfirstimpressionupontheinterviewer?B)
4.Whyshouldanintervieweeaskrelevantandthought-provokingquestionsduringaninterview?D)
ConversationTwo
W:Areyouinterestedinjoiningapoliticalparty?
M:Nothingwrongtojoinaparty,butpersonallyI’llchoosedifferentthingstoparticipateinthiscountry’sdevelopment.
W:Whatwouldyouchoose?
M:(5)Ipreferjoininganon-governmentalorganizationtojoiningapoliticalparty.
W:Oh?Anon-governmentalorganizationisanot-for-profitorganization,right?
M:Right.Itisusuallyindependentfromstatesandinternationalgovernmentalorganizations.
W:Butwheredotheygettheirfunds?
M: Well, (6)they are usually funded by donations but some avoid formal funding altogether and are run primarily by
volunteers.
W: It is reported that some NGOs may have charitable status, while others may by registered for tax exemption based on
recognitionofsocialpurposes.
M:Yes.Andalotofthemmaybefrontsforpolitical,religious,orotherinterests.
W:Isee.Butasagoodcitizen,ifyouhavetovote,whatdoyouconsidertochooseleadersinpoliticalparty?
M: (7)I myself will chooseandencourage peopleto vote for candidates whocanofferusgood concepts butmoney.Wecan
seeduringthecampaignperiod,andseehowtheydotheactionsratherthanjustlipservice.
W:Sowhatarethecriteria?Howcanweknow?
M: (8)They must be wise, honest, humble and be able to address the major problems and also be able to set bureaucratic
reforminmotion.Freehealthcareandeducationprogramsaresupposedtobethemostconcerned.
W:Don’tyouthinkcompassionshouldbeonthetopofthelist?
M:Definitely.A leader should be able to understand the sufferings of the people; in this way, he or she can work towards
alleviatingthosesufferings.
W:True.Governmentshouldbeofthepeople,bythepeopleandforthepeople.OK,thankyouforbeinghere.
M:Youarewelcome.
Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
5.Whatdowelearnabouttheman?C)
6.Wheredonon-governmentalorganizationsusuallygettheirfunds?D)
7.Whatkindofcandidateswillthemanvotefor?A)
8.Accordingtotheman,whatqualityshouldagoodpoliticalleaderpossess?A)
SectionB
PassageOne
Ihave always believed the real test oflanguage proficiencyis its ability to create connections betweenpeople.While
therearemanydifficultlanguages,thehardestlanguageofthemallisundoubtedlyChinese.
It’s not just me voicing my difficulty. The UN officially confirms it. The hardest language to learn, according to the
第 2 页UnitedNationsEducationalScientificandCulturalOrganization,isChinese.
(9)One of the reasons why Chinese is difficult is that it is a tonal language and it’s tone that decides its meaning. For
instance, the word “mai” means both buy and sell, just changing the tone can make one a buyer or seller! As if the tonal
difficulty wasn’t enough, similar sounding words abound in Chinese, and your head will swim trying to remember the
vocabulary.Oh,didImention“hanzi”—Chinesecharacters?
Difficultiesaside,therearecountlessbenefits.Ifyouarebravelikeme,it’sawildrollercoasterridethatisworthatry.
(10)The trick is to get a good teacher who excels in Chinese but also knows English fairly well so that your queries
andconcernscanbeadequatelyaddressed.
Learn from everyone and everything. I learned a lot by listening to housekeeping staff, cashiers, hairdressers and the
like.Everythingcanteachyou,providedyouare“present.”
Keeptargets in mindandworkhardtomeetthem. Review your progress induecoursesothatyoucanknow whether
youaresteadilysailingfurther.
Switch to Chinese.(11)Instead of finding locals who speak English, however comforting it may be, embrace Chinese
anduseiteverywhere.Soonyouwillknowthesubtledifferencesintheusageofthelanguage.
Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
9.WhyisChinesedifficulttolearn?A)
10.WhatisthetrickoflearningChinesewell?B)
11.WhatcanChineselearnersdotofindthedelicatedifferencesofthelanguage?B)
PassageTwo
(12)ArecentreportsayseldestsiblingsscorehigherinIQteststhanyoungerbrothersandsistersbecausetheygetmore
mentalstimulationfromparents.
They may be jokingly referred to as PFBs—precious first-borns—on popular parenting websites, but a study says
first-bornchildrenreallydoreapthebenefitsofbeingnumberone.
(13)Research by the University of Edinburgh has found that first-born children have superior thinking skills to their
youngersiblingsbecausetheygetmorementalstimulationfromtheirparents.
While the study has found that parents give all their children the same levels of emotional support, the first-born
generallyreceivedmorehelpwithtasksthatdevelopthinkingskills.
Thestudy,publishedintheJournalofHumanResources,observednearly5,000childrenfrompre-birthtoage14,with
childrenassessedeverytwoyears.
Researchers said the findings went some way to explaining the so-called birth-order effect—which means children
bornearlierinafamilyhavebetterwagesandhigherlevelsofeducationlaterinlife.
(14)First-born children scored higher on tests including reading, matching letters, names, reading single words aloud
andpicturevocabularytests.
Researchersalsogatheredinformationonenvironmentalfactorssuchasfamilybackgroundandeconomicconditions.
The study found parents changed their behaviour as they had more children, giving less mental stimulation and taking
part in fewer activities like reading with the child, crafts and playing musical instruments. Mothers also took part in more
riskybehaviourssuchassmokingduringpregnancywithsubsequentchildren.
(15)Dr. Ana Nuevo-Chiquero of Edinburgh University’s school of economics said, “Our results suggest that broad
shifts in parental behaviour are a plausible explanation for the observed birth-order differences in education and labor
marketoutcomes.”
Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
12.WhydoeldestsiblingsgenerallyscorehigherinIQteststhantheiryoungerbrothersandsisters?B)
13.WhathastheresearchbytheUniversityofEdinburghfound?B)
14.Inwhichofthefollowingtestsdofirst-bornchildrenscorehigherthantheiryoungersiblings?C)
15.WhatdoesDr.AnaNuevo-Chiquerosayaboutbroadshiftsinparentalbehaviour?A)
第 3 页SectionC
RecordingOne
(16-1)Apple is hoping drones—unmanned aerial vehicles—can help the company compete more effectively against
GoogleMaps,accordingtoanewreport.
Thetechgiantis buildingateam thatwillusedronestofly overheadandcapturecriticalstreetinformation,including
signs and traffic changes, Bloomberg is reporting, citing sources who claim to have knowledge of its plans. Apple has
secured approval from the FederalAviationAdministration (FAA) to use drones to capture photos, videos, and other traffic
data,thereportsays.
Dronecapturecouldprove importanttoAppleasit works to improve its Maps applicationrunningoniOS andmacOS
devices.AftercapturingthedatafromstreetsbothintheUSandabroad,itcanthenbetransmittedbacktoApple’steamand
its information uploaded to the Apple Maps servers, according to Bloomberg. Users, then, would get far more useful and
recentdata.(16-2)Thedroneswouldreplacetheminivansitcurrentlyusestocollectsimilardata.
Apple Maps was released in 2012 as a replacement to Google Maps on iOS. (17)Soon after its release, however, the
app, which comes bundled with Apple’s operating systems, was criticized for having inaccurate information and poor
driving directions.Apple CEO Tim Cook ultimately apologized forApple Maps and suggested users try out other options,
liketheGoogleMapsthathadpreviouslybeenbundledwithApple’smobileoperatingsystem.
(18)Since then, Apple has made strides towards improving the app’s accuracy and data and has added more
information, including traffic and transit data. Still,Apple Maps is generally believed to be inferior to Google Maps, which
comeswithaccuratedataandotherkeyfeatures,likeaStreetViewoptionthatletsusersseeimagesofaddresses.
In addition to getting better data more quickly toApple Maps with drones, the company is also trying to improve its
mapping service’s navigation and is eyeing ways to take images of the inside of buildings, according to Bloomberg. That
feature would let users explore airports, museums, and other public places without actually visiting them. Google already
offersasimilarfeaturewithGoogleMaps.
Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
16.HowisAppletryingtocompeteeffectivelywithGoogleMaps?B)
17.WhywasAppleMapscriticizedinthepast?B)
18.WhathasAppleMapsdonetoimproveitself?D)
RecordingTwo
Today,I’d like to talk abouta research whichshows thatbabies build knowledge aboutthe language theyhear even in
thefirstfewmonthsoflife.
Accordingtoastudy,ifyoumovecountriesandforgetyourbirthlanguage,youretainthishiddenability.
Dutch-speaking adults adopted from South Korea exceeded expectations at Korean pronunciation when retrained after
losingtheirbirthlanguage.
Scientistssayparentsshouldtalktobabiesasmuchaspossibleinearlylife.
Dr.JiyounChoiofHanyangUniversityinSeoulledtheresearch.
The study is the first to show that the early experience of adopted children in their birth language gives them an
advantagedecadeslatereveniftheythinkitisforgotten.
(19)This finding indicates that useful language knowledge is laid down in the very early months of life, which can be
retainedwithoutfurtherinputofthelanguageandrevealedviare-learning.
In the study, adults aged about 30 who had been adopted as babies by Dutch-speaking families were asked to
pronounceKoreanconsonantsafterashorttrainingcourse.
KoreanconsonantsareunlikethosespokeninDutch.
The participants were compared with a group of adults who had not been exposed to the Korean language as children
andthenratedbynativeKoreanspeakers.
Both groups performed to the same level before training, but after training the international adoptees exceeded
expectations.
第 4 页There was no difference between children who were adopted under six months of age—before they could speak—and
thosewhowereadoptedafter17months,whentheyhadlearnedtotalk.
(20)This suggests that the language knowledge retained is abstract in nature, rather than dependent on the amount of
experience.
Dr.Jiyoun Choi said there were practicalmessages for parents.Try to talk to your babies as much as possible because
they are absorbing and digesting what you are saying.(21)The process of acquiring language starts extremely early, even
whilethechildisstillinthewomb.
Babieshavelearnedtheirmother’svoicebythetimetheyareborn.
Ithaslongbeenknownthatthefoundations forspeakingandlisteningtoanative language arelaiddownveryearlyin
life.(22)Butitwasnotknownuntilnowthatveryearlylanguageacquisitionisanabstractprocess.
Questions19to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
19.WhatdoesDr.JiyounChoi’sfindingindicate?A)
20.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthelanguageknowledgeretainedisTRUE?A)
21.Whendoestheprocessofacquiringlanguagestart?B)
22.Whatdowelearnabouttheveryearlylanguageacquisition?C)
RecordingThree
（23）WhendoctorRebekahBernardseesapatient,thedoesn’talwaysfinditeasytoempathizewiththemabouttheir
medical complaints—particularly if the symptoms are due to lifestyle disease, such as obesity-related heart disease, the
progressionofwhichiswithintheircontrol.Butregardlessofhertruefeelings, theFlorida-basedGPalwaysputsthepatient
first and hides her conflicting attitudes behind a professional and kind manner.And she always does her best to help them.
Inshort,she’sfakingit.Butit’stotheimprovementofherjob,hercolleaguesandherpatients,shesays.
She’snotalone.Manyofussaywhatneedstobesaidtogetthejobdone.Butdoesthatmakeusinauthentic,orworse,
liars?
Well,no.Intheworkplace,manyofushavecovereduptrickytopicstokeepfromembarrassingothers,orpretendedto
careaboutsomethingwhenwedidn’t.Infact,masteringthisbehaviourcanbeavaluableskill.Whetherit’sindulgingalong
complaint or volunteering for cause you don’t really believe in, there are times when it pays to come across as caring and
compassionate,evenifyoudon’tfeelgenuineaboutit.
Bernard, for example, often finds that colleagues or patients mirror her emotional state,(24)so coming across as
caring—even when she doesn’t feel particularly empathetic—not only makes her work interactions more pleasant, it raises
thelikelihoodofagoodmedicaloutcomeasherpatientsaremoreopentoadvice.
“You almost have to deliberately force yourself to cat, and when you do…you’ll get better results,” she says. “Maybe
youdon’twanttocallit‘faking.’Iadvocate‘acting’.
Butifyou’reworriedthatpretendingcompassionwillmakeyouseemlikeafraud,howcanyouensurecomeacrossas
genuine? For one, Bernard uses body language. (25)To create a connection, she uses the active listening technique—she
leans in when the patient is speaking, lowers herself into a seat so she sees them eye-to-eye, and repeats their statements in
herownwordstoensuretheyknowthey’vebeenheardandunderstood.
Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.
23.Whatisthisrecordingmainlyabout?A)
24.WhatdoesBernardfindaboutshowingcareatwork?C)
25.HowdoesBernarddotocreateaconnectionwiththepatients?B)
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension
SectionA
选项归类
名词：C)contracts契约，合同； I)investments投资； L)preference偏爱，优先权； M)shift转变，变化
动词：A)adapt（使）适应； B)attach（使）附着，贴上； D)feeds供养，供给； F)heralds预示……发生，称赞；
第 5 页J)modify修改，改变
形容词：E)foreseeable可预知的； G)impractical不切实际的； H)inaccessible难达到的，无法接近的；
N)traditional传统的
副词：K)predominantly显著地，主要地； O)unexpectedly出乎意料地，意外地
详解详析：
26.答案：D)feeds
详解：空格位于主语agriculturalsector和宾语ahugedemand之间,且根据上下文语境，应填入动词一般现在时作
谓语，且是第三人称单数。根据上文所说，西班牙素有“欧洲的蔬菜园”之称，可见它需要满足巨大的需求，故空
格处应填入D)feeds“供养，供给”。
27.答案：M)shift
详解：空格位于therebe句型之后，且处于be动词之后，介词towards之前，空格前major是形容词，可知应填
入名词。下文提到许多作物仍然需要手工收获，这与towardsmechanisation形成对比，故空格处应填入M)shift“转
变，变化”。
28.答案：G)impractical
详解：空格位于系动词be之后的并列结构expensiveand_______之中，易判断该处应填入形容词原级作表语。该
句意为“即使机械化可用，那些采摘机械对小型农场的农场主而言太贵且_________”,由此推知，空格处应填入
G)impractical “不切实际的”。
29.答案：K)predominantly
详解：空格位于后置定语中，其后是介宾短语，用于说明之前migrantworkers，故应填入副词。该句意为“当地
工人和外来工人之间的冲突问题不大，这些外来工人_______来自北非、撒哈拉以南的非洲及东欧，由此推出，空
格处应填入K)predominantly “显著地，主要地”。
30.答案：C)contracts
详解：空格位于谓语动词have和形容词proper之后，故应填入名词作宾语。该句意为“外来工人有正当的_____，
并且这些工人每年都会回到之前工作的农场。雇主们对这些外来工人很熟悉，这才是最重要的。”由此推出，该空
应填入C)contracts“契约，合同”。
31.答案：A)adapt（使）适应
详解：空格位于情态动词结构haveto之后，名词crop之前，故应填入动词原形。该句意为“虽然有了可以采摘
草莓的机械，但是不得不让作物______机械”，紧接着下一句提到了如何使用机械，需要修整整个农场的基础设施，
可见此处是说目前还需要让作物适应机械设备，故空格处应填入A)adapt“（使）适应”。
32.答案：J)modify
详解：空格位于情态动词结构haveto之后，名词短语ourentireinfrastructure之前，故应填入动词原形。该句意
为“如果我们使用机械，我还需要_______整个农场的基础设施，这就在机械投入上增加了成本……”，此处空格
所在句的前一句提到作物与机械的适应问题，故空格处应填入J)modify“修改，改变”。
33.答案：N)traditional传统的
详解：空格位于定冠词之后，形容词manual和名词approach之前，可知此处应填入形容词与manual并列做定语。
从上文可知，农作物（特别是水果）的采摘目前还主要依靠人工，可推测这是一直沿用的传统方法，故空格处应填
入N)traditional“传统的”。
34.答案：E)foreseeable可预知的
详解：空格位于定冠词the和名词future之间，故应填入形容词修饰future。上文提到要想推广使用机械来采摘水
果还需要进行一些修整，可知在未来的一段时间内，仍主要依赖人工进行采摘，故空格处应填入E)foreseeable“可
预知的”。
35.答案：I)investments投资
详解：空格位于谓语动词make和形容词big之后，且没有只用冠词，可知应填入名词复数形式或不可数名词。
由orspendmoneyreconfiguring（重新配置）theiroperations可推出，空格所在句是指“在机械上的大额投资”，故
此处应填入I)investments“投资”。
SectionB
第 6 页语篇分析
本文介绍了语音技术能够使 [A]~[B]段引用英国科幻小说作家亚瑟·C.克拉克的话“任何科技只要足够先进，就
得无线电脑不再需要屏幕和 和魔法没有区别。”指出语音技术就像变魔法：对着空气说句话，附近的智能设备
键盘，及其近几年快速发展的 就会令你如愿以偿。
原因，即深度学习提高了语音 [C]~[D]段指出语音技术使得电脑不再需要屏幕和键盘，但语音技术并不会完全替代
识别的精确性。但语音技术的 其他形式的输入和输出。
发展印发了人们对隐私和安 [E]~[F]段分析了语音技术发展的原因，即深度学习令电脑对各种自然语言的处理能
全问题的担忧，需要尽快立 力都今非昔比。同时阐述了深度学习存在的弊端，即机器依然无法理解语言的内涵。
法。虽然这些问题尚未解决， [G]~[J]段介绍语音技术的发展印发了人们对隐私和安全问题的担忧，并指出应尽快
消费者们仍旧愿意接受语音 立法。虽然这些问题尚未解决，消费者们仍旧愿意接受语音技术。
技术。
详解详析：
36. Despite the issue of [J]Consumers will adopt voice computing even if such issues remain unresolved. In
invasion of privacy, many situations voice is far more convenient and natural than any other means of
voice-computing’s irresistible communication. Uniquely, it can also be used while doing something else(driving,
convenience is already receiving working out or walking down the street). It can extend the power of computing to
wideadoption. people unable, for one reason or another, to use screens and keyboards. And it could
译文：语音计算虽然存在侵犯个 have a dramatic impact not just on computing, but on the use of language itself.
人隐私的问题，但其便利性令人 Computerized simultaneous translation could render the need to speak a foreign
无法抗拒，得到广泛应用。 language irrelevant for many people; and in a world where machines can talk, minor
定位：由题干中的 the issue 和 languagesmaybemorelikelytosurvive.Thearrivalofthetouchscreenwasthelastbig
voice-computing’s定位到原文画 shiftinthewayhumansinteractwithcomputers.Theleaptospeechmattersmore.
线处。
详解：J)段提到，尽管个人隐私和安全问题尚未解决，消费者们仍旧愿意接受余音计算。题干中的receivingwide
adoption是对原文中Consumerswilladopt的同义转述，故选J)。
37. Conventional forms of input [D]Voicewill notwholly replace other forms ofinputand output.Sometimes it will
and output will not be entirely remain more convenient to converse with a machine by typing rather than
replacedbyvoicecommand. talking(AmazonissaidtobeworkingonanEchodevicewithabuilt-inscreen).But
译文：传统的输入和输出方式不会 voice is destined to account for a growing share of people’s interactions with the
完全被声控技术取代。 technology around them, from washing machines that tell you how much of the
定位：由题干中的inputandoutput cycle they have left to virtual assistants in corporate call-centers. However,to reach
和replaced定位到原文画线处。 its fullpotential,thetechnologyrequires furtherbreakthroughs—andaresolution of
thetrickyquestionsitraisesaroundthetrade-offbetweenconvenienceandprivacy.
详解：D)段提到语音技术不会完全替代其他形式的输入与输出。题干中的entirely是对原文中wholly的同义转述，
故选D)。
38. Deep learning [E]Alexa, what is deep learning? Computer-dictation systems have been around for
revolutionizes speech years. But they were unreliable and required lengthy training to learn a specific user’s
technologies, enabling computers voice.Computers’newabilitytorecognizealmostanyone’sspeechdependablywithout
toprocessanynaturallanguage. training is the latest latest manifestation of the power of “deep learning”, an
译文：深度学习革新了语音技 artificial-intelligence technique in which a software system is trained using millions of
术，使得电脑可以处理任何自然 examples, usually culled(挑选)from the internet. Thanks to deep learning, machines
语言。 now nearly equal humans in transcription accuracy, computerized translation systems
定位：由题干中的Deeplearning are improving rapidly and text-to-speech systems are becoming less robotic and more
和 natural language 定位到原文 natural-sounding. Computers are, in short, getting much better at handling natural
画线处。 languageinallitsforms.
详解：E)段提到深度学习技术使得机器在转录准确性上已经与人类无异，电脑翻译系统正在飞速发展，文本转语
第 7 页音系统的机器人腔越来越少，更加接近自然人声。简言之，电脑对各种自然语言的处理能力都今非昔比了。题干是
对定位句的概述，故选E)。
39. Screens and keyboards of [C]This is a huge shift. Simple though itmay seem, voice has the power to transform
computers are not necessarily computing, by providing a natural means of interaction. Windows, icons and menus,
indispensable because of the andthentouchscreens,werewelcomed asmoreintuitive waystodealwith computers
inventionofvoicecomputing. than entering complex keyboard commands. But being able to talk to computers
译文：语音技术使得计算机不一 abolishes the need for the abstraction of a “user interface” at all. Just as mobile
定要有屏幕和键盘。 phones were more than existing phones without wires, and cars were more than
定位：由题干中的 Screens and carriages without horses, so computers without screens and keyboards have the
keyboards定位到原文画线处。 potentialtobemoreuseful,powerfulandubiquitousthanpeoplecanimaginetoday.
详解：C)段提到，从Windows操作系统到图标和菜单，再到触屏技术，和电脑打交道的方式更加直观，比输入复
杂的键盘指令更受欢迎。但是，一旦能够与电脑交谈，就不存在将“用户界面”抽象出来的必要了。由此可知，语
音技术使得计算机不一定需要有屏幕和键盘。题干中的arenotnecessarilyindispensable是对原文中abolishestheneed
fortheabstractionofa“userinterface”的同义转述，故选C)。
40. Deep learning has real [F]Although deep learning means that machines can recognize speech more reliably and
successes, but is not enough to talk in a less stilted(不自然的)manner, they still don’t understand the meaning of
understand the meaning of language.Thatis the most difficultaspectof the problemand, if voice-driven computing
language. is truly to flourish, one that must be overcome. Computers must be able to understand
译文：深度学习已取得实质性 context in order to maintain a coherent conversation about something, rather than just
成功，但还不足以理解语言的 respondingto simple, one-off voice commands, as they mostly dotoday(“Hey,Siri, seta
含义。 timer for ten minutes”).Researchers in universities and at companies large and small are
定 位 ： 由 题 干 中 的 Deep working on this very problem, building “bots” that can hold more elaborate
learning 和 the meaning of conversations about more complex tasks, from retrieving information to advising on
language定位到原文画线处。 mortgages tomaking travelarrangements.(Amazonis offeringa$1mprizefor abotthat
canconverse“coherentlyandengagingly”for20minutes.)
详解：F)提到，尽管深度学习意味着机器能更加准确的识别人声，发音也不再生硬，但是机器依然无法理解语言
的含义。题干中的realsuccesses是对原文中recognize speechmore reliablyandtalk in aless stilted(不自然的)manner
的总体概括，故选F)。
41. The convenience brought by voice [G]When spells replace spelling. Consumers and regulators also have a
computing can come at a risk of privacy or role to play in determining how voice computing develops. Even in its
security. current, relatively primitive form, the technology poses a dilemma:
译文：语音计算的便利也带来了对个人隐私和 voice-driven systems are most useful when they are personalized, and
安全的威胁。 are granted wide accessto sources of data such as calendars, emails and
定位：由题干中的privacy和security定位到原 othersensitiveinformation.Thatraisesprivacyandsecurityconcerns.
文处。
详解：G)段提到语音技术尚处于相对原始的发展阶段，但已然让人们陷入两难：声控系统的个性化程度越高，允
许接触的私人日程、电子邮件和其他敏感信息就越丰富。这引发了人们对隐私的安全问题的担忧。题干中的comeat
arisk是对原文中concerns的同义转述，故选G)。
42. Laws that apply to privacy and [I]Police investigating a murder inArkansas, which may have been overheard
security issues for voice technology are by an Amazon Echo, have asked the company for access to any audio that
needed in light of the two cases in might have beencaptured.Amazon hasrefused to co-operate, arguing(with the
America. backing of privacy advocates)that the legal status of such requests is unclear.
译文：鉴于美国发生的两起案件，应该 The situation is analogous( 相似)to Apple’s refusal in 2016 to help FBI
制定相关法律来规范由语音技术引发的 investigatorsunlockaterrorist’siPhone;bothcaseshighlightthe needforrules
隐私和安全问题。 that specify when and whatintrusions into personal privacy are justified in the
定位：由题干中的privacy和security定 interestsofsecurity.
位到原文画线处。
第 8 页详解：I)段提到这两个案例都强调了立法的必要性，出于安全利益考虑，对个人隐私的何时及何种侵扰属于合法，
应该得到明确。题干中的twocasesinAmerica是对原文中bothcases的同义转述，故选I)。
43. Despite its simple [C]This is a huge shift. Simple though itmay seem, voice has the power to transform
appearance, voice is capable of computing, by providing a natural means of interaction. Windows, icons and menus,
changing computing, by bypassing andthentouchscreens,werewelcomed asmoreintuitive waystodealwith computers
thephysicalrealm. than entering complex keyboard commands. But being able to talk to computers
译文：语音技术虽然看似简单， abolishes the need for the abstraction of a “user interface” at all. Just as mobile
但可以摆脱空间的束缚来改变计 phones were more than existing phones without wires, and cars were more than
算机的运作。 carriages without horses, so computers without screens and keyboards have the
定位：由题干中的 simple 和 potentialtobemoreuseful,powerfulandubiquitousthanpeoplecanimaginetoday.
computing定位到原文画线处。
详解：C)段提到，尽管语音技术看起来如此简单，但通过提供自然的交流方式，它具备着改变计算机运作方式的
能力。题干中的changing是对原文中transform的同义转述，故选C)。
44. Thanks to voice computing, several [B]TheAmazon Echo, a voice-driven cylindrical(圆柱体的)computer that sits
devices such as smartphones have already onatabletopandanswerstothenameAlexa,canallupmusictracksandradio
donesometasksbyvoiceorders. stations, tell jokes, answer trivia questions and control smart appliances; even
译文：由于语音计算，诸如手机等应用 before Christmas it was already resident in about 4% ofAmerican households.
终端设备已能通过语音命令完成许多任 Voiceassistantsareproliferatinginsmartphones,too:Apple’sSirihandlesover
务。 2bn commands a week, and 20% of Google searches on Android-powered
定位：由题干中的 smartphones 定位到 handsets in America are input by voice. Dictating emails and text messages
原文画线处。 nowworksreliablyenoughtobeuseful.Whytypewhenyoucantalk?
详解：B)段提到语音技术使得当前的应用终端已经可以通过语音命令实现其功能，即亚马逊智能音箱，智能手机
行业的苹果语音助手Siri，安卓手机的谷歌搜索指令，以及电子邮件和短信的语音输入技术等已经发展得足够稳定。
题干是对该段的概括，故选B)。
45. To fully explore the potential of voice [D]Voice will not wholly replace other forms of input and output.
technology, more things need to be done to Sometimes it will remain more convenient to converse with a machine by
tackle the gaps between convenience and typing rather than talking(Amazon is said to be working onan Echo device
privacy. with abuilt-in screen). Butvoice is destined toaccount for agrowing share
译文：要充分发挥语音技术的潜力，必须 of people’s interactions with the technology around them, from washing
要处理好便利性与隐私之间的问题。 machines that tell you how much of the cycle they have left to virtual
定位：由题干中的potential和convenience assistants in corporate call-centers. However, to reach its full potential, the
andprivacy定位到原文画线处。 technology requires further breakthroughs—and a resolution of the tricky
questionsitraisesaroundthetrade-offbetweenconvenienceandprivacy.
详解：D)段提到，要充分发挥其潜力，语音技术还需要进一步突破，解决好由此产生的微妙问题，把控好便利性
与隐私权之间的平衡。题干中的Tofullyexplorethepotential是对原文中toreachitsfullpotential的同义转述，故选
D)。
SectionC
PassageOne
全文翻译：
警官们可能希望，他们出现在校园中能够有助于与学生建立牢固的关系，并长远改善警方与社会社区间的关系。
但是一份新的报告提出，要达到这个目标可能需要重新考虑法规执行在教育中的作用。
（46）观察2013—2014学年的联邦数据，《教育周刊》的研究人员发现，在至少有一名校园辅警的学校中，
该学校学生们被逮捕的几率是其他没有辅警学校学生的1.5倍。这个区别对于黑人学生而言尤为突出，可能是因为
警官会更加集中在少数民主学生比例更高的地区。报告发现，黑人男生在校期间被逮捕的几率是白人男生的三倍。
（47-1）研究者称，被逮捕或被交给法院处理的学生，不仅没有建立关系或改善结果，反而在校的表现更加差
强人意，成年以后也会更易卷入违法事件。种族偏见意味在有色人种社区该结果尤其差。
第 9 页由于二十世纪八十年代和九十年代对暴力犯罪的担忧加剧，一些学校求助警方来校园提高校园安全保障。在联
邦的资助下，驻校警官的数量持续增加。在发生科罗拉多州科隆比纳中学校园枪击事件这样的悲剧后，越来越多的
家长要求配备金属探测器和安排武装警察。在2013—2014学年中，在学校全职或兼职工作的“校园辅警”达到了
44,000人。
某些情况下，雇佣这些警官的确取得了减少意外事件发生的显著效果。但是就全国范围来看，就没有如此收效
了。（47-2）专家称，特别是在少数民族比例高的学校，校园辅警越俎代庖，取代了任课教师维持课堂纪律的作用。
逮捕学生，而不是让任课教师来约束他们，这会带来经济和情感上的代价。一份美国公民自由联邦的报告发现，
曾遭逮捕了学生从中学辍学的几率提高了一倍——而对于那些曾出现在法庭上的学生而言，这一数字还会翻番。
（48-1）《教育周刊》报道称，让问题更加恶化的是，用于雇用校园辅警的花费成本意味着很多配有警官的学
校不太可能再有校园顾问来留意逮捕给孩子们带来的心理和成长方面的影响。拘留学生还会占用那些本可以用于教
育他们的经费预算。
（49）那些警官们如何才能有助于确保校园安全而又不会成为加速学生向监狱流失的纪律执行者？（48-2）培
训是关键，校园辅警全国联盟执行主任莫·卡纳蒂告诉《教育周刊》。（50）校园辅警不仅应该将自己视为执法者，
还应该加强自己的毒品预防等问题上教育者的责任或是作为学生朋友的顾问身份，卡纳蒂先生说道。
详解详析：
46. 答案：D)
定位：由题干中的federaldata和ParagraphTwo定位到原文第二段第一句。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查对第二段中引用数据的理解。由定位句可知，在至少有一名校园辅警的学校中，
该校学生被逮捕的几率是其他没有辅警学校学生的1.5倍。引用这些数据的意图也可以回溯到上一段，作者提到了
安排校园辅警的积极意图，但也在随后一句中提到这个目的并没有达到成效，可见引用这些数据是为了说明安排驻
校警官并没达到预期的效果，故答案为D)。A)“少数民族地区的学校配需要配置校园辅警”是对原文第二段最后
两句的曲解，原文提到少数民族地区有校园辅警的学校学生被逮捕的反而更多，故排除；B)“警官们通常逮捕少数
民族学生”在文中没有提及，故排除；C)“校园辅警的存在加剧了校园暴力”，逮捕学生的人数增加不能说明校园
暴力情况恶化，故排除。
47. 答案：A)
定位：由题干中的negativeeffect和各选项定位到原文第三段第一句和第五段第二句。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查对安排校园辅警负面效应的理解。第三段第一句提到，被逮捕或被交给法院处理
的学生在今后学校生活中表现更差，而这种不良的影响在其成年以后依然存在，而且第五段第二句也提到校园辅警
有时替代了本应由任课教师承担的教育责任，可见校园辅警过度使用了法律强制力，故答案为A)。B)“打扰了正常
的教学活动”和D)“伤害了教职员工的积极性”在原文中均没有明确提及，故排除；C)“对学生的心理健康产生威
胁”是对第七段第一句的曲解，原文是说遭受逮捕会给学生带来心理方面的影响，故排除。
48. 答案：C)
定位：由题干中的employingSRO和各选项定位到原文第七段第一句和第八段第二句。
详解：观点态度题。本题考查作者对雇用校园辅警的看法。其中第七段提到雇用校园辅警所耗费的成本让学校
不能再雇用校园顾问来解决孩子的心理问题，而最后一段中则说到校园辅警需要接受培训才能取得满意的效果，可
见作者认为雇用校园辅警的效果还有改进的空间，故C)为答案。A)“它的实际效果还有待观察’，作者在文章开篇
就已经提到目前的效果并没有达到预期,故排除;B)“这个举措应该大力推广”，既然目前的效果差强人意，校园辅
警还有待培训，可见作者不可能提议大力推广这个做法，故排除；D)“它带来的损害比益处多”，文章虽然提到了
这个举措的种种问题和不足，但没有评估和比较正负两方面的影响哪一面更多，故排除。
49. 答案：B)
定位：由题干中的Line2,Para.8定位到原文最后一段第一句。
详解：语义理解题。本题考查对文中特定词句的理解。定位句提出要确保校园辅警有助于维护校园安全，并防
止他们greasetheschool-to-prisonpipeline，从字面上看grease是“上润滑油”的意思，再联系上文可知，部署校园
警官的学校似乎会有更多的学生被逮捕，可见此处的意思就是导致更多学生遭到逮捕，故答案为B)。A)“有效防止
青少年犯罪”和C)“有助于确保校园安全”，由上下文可知，定位句所提到的内容只是作者希望的情况，故排除；
D)“加强学校和监狱之间的联系”与本文的主题没有关联，故排除。
50. 答案：C)
第 10 页定位：由题干中的Inthelastparagraph和advises定位到原文末段最后一句。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查作者对校园辅警如何正确履行职责的建议。定位段最后一句提出，校园辅警不仅
应该将自己视为执法者，还应该强化自己在毒品预防等问题上教育者的责任或是作为学生朋友的顾问身份，可见作
者认为他们目前对自己的职责定位还不足，应该注意转变角色，故答案为C)。A)“更努力的工作以保证校园安全”，
作者在文中并没有提到这些警官不勤奋工作，故排除；B）“强化他们作为执法者的角色”，作者在文中提到法律
强制力可能被滥用了，可见不会建议继续强化这一职责，故排除；D)“更多地关注学生的心理健康”，作者只是强
调要强化教育者和朋友般的顾问身份，并没有直接提及心理健康问题，故排除。
PassageTwo
全文翻译：
（51-1）拥有25年专业资产管理经验的宏病毒专杀首席执行官迈克·西姆柯克说，他创建这家公司是为了帮助
淹没在数据洪流中的投资管理人。
（51-2）数据源正在经历大爆炸，很多数据源希望提供更及时的信息和更有影响力的信号。但是，大数据革命
实际上恶化了本已存在的问题，西姆柯克说道。技术的发展使得分析过程超出了对冲基金和交易顾问的阈限；产生
了回溯测试工具以及用高效手段加速和虚拟信息的方式。
宏病毒专杀正在建立一个“投资策略的维基百科”。（52）它采用有策略的、战术化的和系统的资产分配策略，
以及一套精选数据组合，提供实时的宏观分析，从文本媒体和即时预报到央跨行流水统计数据。
（53）西姆柯克建议采用一种简而精的数据处理方式。“我们并非在从网络上搜刮数据。我们进行信息整合，
从这种意义上讲，我们是在为决策者整体关注的信息类别寻找最佳质量的数据集合，并寻找工具来回溯测试和获取
运行情况是否良好的反馈。”他说，对冲基金领域内的大数据集合一般都关乎策略、高频率和短期决策，例如努力
在薪金方面获取优势，通胀中的下一步举措，或者公司效益等。
这个行业正在快速转向数据驱动的自动化研究和投资策略。“基金与产品实际上越来越受到规则的驱动，可经
各种不同的方式进行兑现，无论它是交易型开放式指数基金还是仅仅与互动型掮客有关。”
突然之间，各种数据的所有者都意识到他们数据集的重要性。“我们完全不了解自己正在使用的是传统数据还
是新数据。但只要我们能证明它可以追加价值，那么为其买单就是值得的。”
而数据是价值不菲的：各类实体都在出售其数据，从25,000英镑到250,000英镑，甚至更高。“数据的价值完
全由每个人的眼光而定，”西姆柯克说，“其实我认为数据销售的工作方式就是一切东西都可以拿来商讨，”他说，
“我们在寻找的一些东西就是很多的传统数据集，而当你有策略地将它们建立起来，就会更有更好的表现。（54）
我想要告诉那些问题如何应对这种形势的人——欣然接纳那些能让你的工作更加轻松但会占用你一点时间的技术。”
详解详析：
51. 答案：C)
定位：由题干中的inthefirsttwoparagraphs定位到原文第一段和第二段前两句。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查对于文章前两段相关细节的理解。第一段第一句提到西姆柯克创建的这家公司是
为了帮助迷失于数据洪流中的投资管理人，第二段提到数据大爆炸加剧了本已存在的问题。联系两处可以推知，在
数据大爆炸中做数据选择比较困难，故答案为C)。文中虽然提到西姆柯克有25年的资产管理经验，但并没有涉及
他现在是否还在做投资顾问，故排除A)“西姆柯克是一名投资顾问”；B)“西姆柯克的公司提供实时信息”在前两
段也未提及，故排除；D)“高科技为投资顾问提供了新的分析工具”，文章第二段指出新技术让分析超出了交易顾
问的限制，而不是强调给他们提供了新工具，故排除。
52. 答案：B)
定位：由题干中的inthefirsttwoparagraphs定位到原文第三段第二句。
详解：推理判断题。本题考查对“投资策略的维基百科”特点的理解。定位句提到，“投资策略的维基百科”
采用有策略的、战术化的和系统的资产分配策略，以及一套精选数据组合，提供实施宏观分析，可见它对即时信息
进行分类和分析，故答案为B)。A)“它给出投资建议”，原文虽然提到了会进行分析，但是并没有说出给出投资建
议，故排除；C)“它提供大数据报告”是对第二句中providingrealtimemacroinsights的曲解，原文只说提供宏观分
析，并没有说有大数据报告，故排除；定位句提到会提供央行跨行流水统计数据，并不是对统计数据进行预测，故
排除D)“它预测银行的统计数据”。
53. 答案：D)
第 11 页定位：由题干中的Simcock和anefficientprocess定位到原文第四段第一句。
详解：事实细节题。本题考查西姆柯克对数据处理的看法和建议。定位句指出，他建议要在数据处理过程中采
取简而精的方式，加之定位断之前也提到目前由于数据大爆炸，投资者们面临被淹没于数据洪流的危险。可见在西
姆柯克看来，处理数据的有效过程是进而进行精简，故D)为答案。第二段最后一句虽然提到要升级数据，但这不是
西姆柯克的建议，故排除A)；从原文第三段和第四段中可以看出，B)“分配”和C)“整合”只是数据处理的具体
方法，故均排除。
54. 答案：D)
定位：由题干中的Simcock和inthelastparagraph定位到原文末段最后一句。
详解：观点态度题。本题考查西姆柯克最后一段中表达的观点。定位段最后一句说，西姆柯克建议那些想知道
如何应对数据分析发展趋势的人，要欣然接纳那些能让自己的工作更轻松但会占用一点时间去适应的技术，可见他
认为花一点时间来适应新技术是值得的，故答案为D)。A)“未来数据的价格将会飞涨”是对最后一段前两句的曲
解，原文的意思是：由于目前大家都意识到数据的价值，其价格不菲，而数据到底是否有价值，要以其有用性来定，
并没有对未来价格的走势作出预测，故排除；B)“现在什么样的数据能够出售”，原文只提到各类实体都在出售自
己的数据，但并未说是否都能售出，故排除；C)“传统数据能提供更好的信息”是对定位段第四句的曲解，原文的
意思是传统数据通过策略加以处理后会十分有用，并没有将其与新数据进行比较，故排除。
55. 答案：A)
定位：本题的解答需综合文章各段的主要内容。
详解：主旨大意题。本题考查对全文重要观点的把握和理解。文章开篇就提到西姆柯克建立这家公司是为了防
止投资管理人淹没于数据洪流；第二段解释了他如此做的原因——由于数据的急剧增多，导致数据甄选成了一个大
问题，第三、四段介绍了西姆柯克在数据处理方面进行了实践及其观点；最后三段介绍了这个行业目前的状况以及
面对着各种数据的交易时人们应该如何应对，作者建议投资人要适应新技术，也回应了篇首提出的问题：如何避免
淹没于洪数据洪流，因此答案为A)。作者只是从数据使用的角度来说明在数据大增长时代人们应该如何处理和应用
数据，而B)“如何应对数据爆炸”过于宽泛，故排除；C)“如何运用投资策略”，文章虽然在介绍数据处理时提到
它们会对投资策略有参考价值，但是使用投资策略并不是文章论述的重点，故排除；作者只是在介绍数据处理时提
到要建立系统的数据组，但并没有对创立方法进行具体介绍，可见D)“如何创立一个系统化的数据组合”与文意不
符，故排除。
Part Ⅳ Translation
参考译文
SpringFestivalcoupletsarepartofChineseuniqueculturewithalonghistory.Tostickcoupletsisthefirstthingfor
Chinese people to celebrate the Spring Festival. When the Spring Festival is approaching, every household in both urban
andruralareaswill carefullyselecta pair ofredcouplets andpaste them onthedoorto ring outthe oldyear andring in the
newaswellastoenhancethefestive holidayatmosphere.Coupletsarecomposedofapairofpoeticandrhyminglines.The
first line of a coupletis posted on the right side of the front door, while the second line on the left side, with the horizontal
scroll being posted on top of the doorframe. People often use Spring Festival couplets to portray the beautiful images and
deliver good wishes. The traditional Spring Festival couplets are written with a brush, but they are usually made by
machinesnowadays.
难点注释
1.第一句中有两个谓语动词，即“是”和“有着”，可将其中的“有着”译为with短语，即withalonghistory。
2.第二句中的主语是“贴春联”，即可以用不定式作主语，还可用动名词短语作主语。
3.第三句中，“当……将近的时候”，除了译为approach，还可译为benear和bearoundthecorner。
4.“辞旧迎新”的翻译是关键点，较为常见的译法是ringouttheoldyearandringinthenew，此外还可译为farewellto
theoldandusherinthenew。
5.第五句较长，由于前面两个分句结构相同，因此可用省略结构；第三个分句除了可与前两个句子译为并列结构以
外，还可译为with独立主格结构。
第 12 页
