Text 1
"fiif…
" 相同"
A B
1 尽管 721
In spite of "endless talk of difference," American society is an amazing machine
2 使统⼀ ③使⼤众化 ④⼀致
for homogenizing people. There is "the democratizing uniformity of dress and
⑤（严肃的）谈话vvvrnr ⑥随意 ⑦缺乏 ⑧顺从 ⑨的特征
discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference" characteristic of popular
⑩发起
culture. People are absorbed into "a culture of consumption" launched by the 19th 五
2
11 ·（排列整⻬的）⼀批
提出全文 century department stores that offered "vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere.
12·亲密的 13 迎合 40 精英
主旨“美 Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite" these were stores "anyone
14 不管，不顾
国社会是 could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and
一个惊人 democratic act." The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for
的同化机 homogenization.
titiw " 的
器”。
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be
15 提升 16 有毒的
altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration
Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today's immigration is neither at
17 达到前所未有的⽔平 18 抗拒的 19 同化
unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8
20 在 之前
percent of the population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1
immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for
以“外来移 21 指标 22 住房⾃有
every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation language, home ownership
民成功融入 23 异族通婚
and intermarriage.
美国社会” 莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
The 1990 Census revealed that "a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen
证明美国社
most common countries of origin spoke English 'well' or 'very well' after ten years of
会强大的同 24 会说两种语⾔的 25 精通的
residence." The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English.
化力。
"By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant
分别从移民 26 因此 27 墓地，坟场
families." Hence the description of America as a "graveyard" for languages. By 1996
数据、语
28 境外移⺠，外国出⽣的移⺠
foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of
言、住房自
75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
有和异族通
29 ⻄班⽛裔
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics "have higher rates of intermarriage than do
婚四个角度
U.S.-born whites and blacks." By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women
进行论述。
are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married
to non-Asians.
30 遥远的
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans 后of
整段例
通过驳斥对superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet "some Americans fear
31 对 免疫
立观点“某that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the
32 同化⼒量 ,
些移民会对nation's assimilative power."
33 引起分裂的 34 ⼀⼩⽚，少量 35 翻滚，涌动
同化免 Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is
36 尤其
疫”，进一big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against
37 动荡的 38 社会指标
步证明美国America's turbulent past, today's social indices hardly suggest a dark and
社会强大的deteriorating social environment.
39 退化的
同化力。
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
英语试题 . 3 . (共 14 ⻚）
te-etsstes_oorotssee.net/nareeosethEth
【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享C
21.The word "homogenizing" (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means
识别 辨别
[A] identifying.
,
[B] associating.联系 联合
,
[C] assimilating.吸收 同化
⼀
与 主旨沾边
,
[D] monopolizing.垄断 独占
,
instead of：不是，表否定；说明“instead of”引导的那一句是被否认的
A
22.n Accordring ton the autnhor, ther depdartment sitordes of thes 19th ctenturhy .it
[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture. 原文是“instead of intimate shops
catering to knowledgeable
[B] became intimate shops for common consumers.(不沾边
elite”,[B]不是“common
consumers”,[C]并没有满足精英
[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite. (不沾边)
阶层的需要
U
[D] oXwed its emergence Xto the culture of consumption.消费文化 >百货商场的出现
C23. The text suggests that 乛 immigrants now in th 也 e U.S. ⽐ 8th
,
[A] are resXistant to homogenization.
:
[B] exert a grXeat influence on American culture.
[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture.
[
\
D] constitute the maXjority of the poXpulation.
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
D [例⼦题]
24.Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
[A] To prove their popXularity around the world. 遍
}具体
细节⽐)
[B] To reveal the public'sx fear of immigrants.
[C] To give examples of successful immigrants. [美国⽂化䏻同化移⺠ 即展现
,
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.
其强⼤影响⼒了
-_-
B 25.In the author's opinion, the absorption of1 immigrants into ≈ American society is
[A] rewarding.有回报 的
[B] successful.成功的① 读 9项 : "美国移⺠问题 (主旨 )
毫⽆成果的[C] fruitless. 贬
②
以句⼦为最⼩单位去阅读
有害的 [D] harmful.贬
,
rewardingssucc.esful ③ 例⼦题考 得 不是 例⼦ 本身 ⽽是"观点句"
,
若 rewǎding成⽴ 则⼀定successful 观点 句 ⽤来 ⽀撑 " 主旨 "
, ,
即 若选A , 则 A . 31 均对 ; ④相似选项对⽐: 1 a. 定性(选程度较轻 )
故 选[137 successful.to
定量
, ( A B 选31 )
、 -> , ○ 和
英语试题 . 4 . (共 14 ⻚）
【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享文章主旨： 美国社会同化现象
语篇分析：
1⃣
提出全文主旨“美国社会是一个惊人的同化机器”。
第1句直奔主题，第2句进一步解释何为“同化”；345句详细
分析引起同化的主要动力——“消费文化”；第6句补充介绍
引起同化的其他因素：大众传媒、广告和体育赛事。
2⃣ 3⃣ 4⃣
段以“外来移民成功融入美国社会”证明美国社会强大
的同化力。
2⃣
第1句提出234段主旨“外来移民既不会提升美国文化，也
不会威胁美国社会”；234句利用详细数据说明“今天的移民
既没有达到前所未有的水平也不会拒绝被同化”；第5句指出
同化的三个指标：语言、住房自有和异族通婚，进一步说明外
来移民不排斥同化。
3⃣
第三段承接上文；1234句和第5句分别从“语言”和“住房
自有”两个角度对“移民不排斥同化，正在快速融入美国社
会”进行论述。
4⃣
第四段从“异族通婚”角度说明移民高度融入美国社会。
5⃣ 6⃣
通过驳斥对立观点“某些移民会对同化免疫”，进一步证
明美国社会强大的同化力。
5⃣
提出对立观点“有些美国人担心某些移民会对同化免疫”。
6⃣
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
驳斥上文观点，进一步强调美国社会强大的同化力。
123句，通过设问，以退为进承认美国社会的确存在分歧问题
和小范围怒火。第4句以古鉴今，强调“相比于过去，今日的
社会环境并没有退化”，进一步强调美国社会的强大同化力。
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理思维导图分析
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
1. a culture of consumption
American society is an amazing
2. mass media
machine for homogenizing people.
3. advertising
4. sports
1. today's immigration is
Immigrants are quickly fitting into neither at unprecedented
this common culture, which may levels nor resistant to
not be altogether elevating but is assimilation
hardly poisonous. 2. language
3. home ownership
4. intermarriage.
today's social indices hardly
suggest a dark and deteriorating
social environment.Text2
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry William
1 有敌意的
Shakespeare but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.
There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions
of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the
4 市⺠ 2 靠…为⽣
townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look
3 景点 suspect（怀疑），表肯定
at Anne Hathaway's Cottage, Shakespeare's birthplace and the other sights.
doubt（怀疑）表否定
5 有价值的
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theater adds a penny to their
6 收⼊ 7 毫不掩饰地
revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC's actors, them with their long hair and beards
10 ⾮常令⼈愉悦地 8 胡须
and sandals and noisiness. It's all deliciously ironic when you consider that
9 凉鞋 11 谋⽣，维持⽣活
Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his
12 对做某事某⼈也有份
share of noise-making.
13 ⼈流，⻋流 14 观光者 The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by
bus and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side don't
usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in
15 爱看戏的⼈，戏迷
Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their
playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town's
16 坚称
revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash
into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of
town by nightfall.
17 对…有直接贡献
The townsfolk don't see it this way and the local council does not contribute
18 补贴 19 哭穷
directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally.
20 建筑物的侧翼部分 前后文转折关系
Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge.
21 沙⻰酒吧
Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with
22 ⽤…装饰
Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth,
23 等等，诸如此类
and will be very expensive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can't understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company
24 打破上座记录 25 连续
needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row.
Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this year they'll
26 ⼀整年
do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have
27 保持低⽔平
stayed low.
28 提⾼票价 29 赶⾛ It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the
30 顾客
young people who are Stratford's most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the
31 看起来相似
plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all
32 精瘦的 34 专注的
over) lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns
33 棱⻆分明的 35 ⽯板
and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20
seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the
box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
36 售票处
英语试题 . 5 . (共 14 ⻚）
【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
1⃣
介绍莎
士比亚故
居两大对
立的经济
派别。
2⃣ 3⃣
围绕
RSC是否给
小镇创造
收入进行
讨论，同
时表达作
者的肯定
观点。
4⃣ 5⃣ 6⃣
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“RSC是否 729
需要市政
补贴”展
开讨论。
6
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莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
sttttsshttshsstsshbeestzstzt满分技巧1: 如果出现两个主旨词，那么考虑两个主旨词之间的关系（相似、因果、对立）。
文章主旨既有townsfolk，又有
方法1:主旨法
R S C，且二者是对立关系。
A
26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that 只有A选项与主旨沾边。
[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC's contribution to the town's revenue.
[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.
i
[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms. Stratford-on-Avon有两个分支
[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism. townsfolk 靠旅游业生活（live off）
满分技巧3: 推断题，推多段看每段第一句。
B
27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that
[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately.
[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.
[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers.
满分技巧4: [D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.
【推段落】主旨主要出现在（重点看）：第1句、大写转折句和最后1句。优先看大写转折句和最后1句。
C28. By saying "Stratford cries poor traditionally" (Line 2, Paragraph 4), the author
implies that
[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects.
[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties.
[C] the town is not really short of money.
[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid. 莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
townsfolk观点不是作者观点
D
29.According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because
[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending. 由29题题干知，两者处于对立关系。
:
[B] the company is financially ill-managed.
[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.
[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise.
D30. From the text we can conclude that the author
[A] is supportive of both sides.
[B] favors the townsfolk's view.
[C] takes a detached attitude.
对立选项
[D] is sympathetic to the RSC.
满分技巧2:作者通常支持对立选项中的弱者。
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
英语试题 . 6 . (共 14 ⻚）
n【微s信公o众号：s陈叨s叨杂s货铺n】免s费分n享文章主旨：莎士比亚故居两大利益集团（居民和RSC）
之间的矛盾斗争。
语篇分析：
1⃣
介绍莎士比亚故居两大对立的经济派别。
第1句介绍，两大对立的经济派别。2、3句具体说明两大派别分别是
RSC和当地居民；暗示二者矛盾：客流群在很大程度上相互分离，并隐
晦表明作者支持RSC一方。
2⃣ 3⃣
围绕RSC是否给小镇创造收入进行讨论，同时表达作者的肯定观
点。
2⃣
介绍当地居民的观点：剧院没有给小镇带来收入，并且剧团演员令人
反感，同时表达了作者的嘲讽态度。
3⃣
介绍RSC观点：看戏的人带来了小镇的大部分收入，并且表明作者的
赞同态度。
4⃣ 5⃣ 6⃣
双方关于“RSC是否需要市政补贴”展开讨论。
4⃣
介绍小镇市政委员会的做法（哭穷）并对此进行反驳。
5⃣
说明RSC需要补贴的原因：成本飞涨票价却一直保持低价。
6⃣
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
排除提高票价的应对方法，进一步证明政府应该对RSC进行补贴。
长难句分析
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
wrthnt
It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town's revenue because they spend
强调句型 插⼊语 主谓宾 原因状语从句
the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants].
译⽂：
RSC坚称，正是看戏的⼈带来了⼩镇上的⼤部分收⼊，因为他们在此过夜（有些会住四到五个晚上），将
⼤把的钱花在酒店和餐馆中。They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -lean, pointed, dedicated faces,
主系表 让步状语从句
wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside
插⼊语（补充说明） 时间状语 地点状语
the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them
动词不定式做⽬的状语 过去分词做后置定语
when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
When引导时间状语从句
译⽂：
虽然他们来⾃世界各地，但是看起来却都很相似——身材消瘦，棱⻆分明，表情专注，穿着⽜仔裤和凉鞋
啃着圆⾯包，躺在剧院外的⽯板上过夜。等着在上午10:30售票处开⻔时，购买预留给露宿者的20张坐票和
80张站票。
全文翻译
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
1⃣
众所周知,埃⽂河畔的斯特拉特福德镇只有⼀个产业——威廉• 莎⼠⽐亚,却有两个泾滑分明且⽇益敌对
的派别。⼀⽅是皇家莎⼠⽐亚剧团(RSC),它在埃⽂河畔的莎⼠⽐亚纪念剧院上演精彩绝伦的剧⽬。另⼀
⽅是当地居⺠，他们在很⼤程度上依赖那些来此不是为了看戏，⽽是为了看安妮 •海瑟薇(注：莎⼠⽐亚
的妻⼦)⼩屋、莎⼠⽐亚出⽣地以及其他景点的观光客⽽⽣洁。
2⃣
斯特拉福德镇“令⼈尊敬”的居⺠们认为剧院没有为他们增添哪怕⼀分钱的收⼊。他们毫不掩饰地讨厌
皇家莎⼠⽐亚剧团的演员，这些演员们留着⻓发、蓄着胡须、穿着凉鞋，吵吵嚷嚷。当你想到养活他们
的莎⼠⽐亚本⼈就是个(留着胡须的)演员⽽且噪⾳制造也有他⼀份时,这真是绝妙的讽刺。
3⃣
旅容流并不是完全分离的。乘公交⻋过来的观光容经常顺道去参观华威城堡和布伦海姆宫，却通常不
会去看戏，有些⼈甚⾄很惊讶地发现在斯特拉福德镇居然还有⼀家剧院。然⽽，看戏的⼈则除看戏之外
还会设法抽出时间游览⼀些景点。皇家莎⼠⽐亚剧团坚称，正是看戏的⼈带来了⼩镇的⼤部分收⼊，因
为他们在此过夜(有些会住四到五个晚上）。将⼤把的钱花在酒店和餐馆中。⽽观光者会在夜慕降临前游
览完所有地⽅然后离开⼩镇。
4⃣
⼩镇居⺠并不这么认为,因⽽当地市政委员会也不直接出钱补贴皇家莎⼠⽐亚剧团。斯特拉特福德镇历
来有哭穷的传统然⽽镇上的每家旅馆似乎都在增建新的侧厅或酒吧间。希尔顿集团正在那⾥建造⾃⼰的
酒店，你⼏乎可以肯定它会配备哈姆雷特汉堡吧、李尔休息室、班柯实会包间等,⽽且会是⾮常奢华。
5⃣
⽆论如何，当地居⺠都不能理解为什么皇家莎⼠⽐亚剧团需要补贴。（剧院连续三年打破上座记录。
去年全年，其 1431个座席的上座率达到94％，⽽且今年的情况会更好。）当然，（剧院需要补贴的）原
因是成本在⻜涨,⽽票价却⼀直保持低位。
6⃣
[ ]
[ [
][ y )
[ ]
⼤幅提价将会是⼀件令⼈蔡羞的事,因为这祥做将会赶⾛那些作为“斯特拉福德镇最有吸引⼒的顾客”
的年轻⼈。他们来这⾥纯粹是为了欣赏戏剧,⽽不是为逛景点。虽然他来⾃世界各地，但是看起来却都很
相像-身材消瘦,棱⻆分明,表情专注,穿着⽜仔裤和凉鞋,啃着圆⾯包,躺在剧院外的⽯板上过夜,等着在上午
⼗点半售票处开⻔时购买留给露宿者的20张坐票和80张站票。第一段类 Text3
比开篇借
1 史前⼈类
“史前大 When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange
行动灭 happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species
绝”，引 survived. The large, slow-growing animals we 2 r e 容 e 易 as 被 y 捕 ga 获 m 的 e, 猎 a 物 nd were quickly hunted
出文章主 to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
题：如今
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers
海洋大型
such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are
3 渔场
动物也面
changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world.
临灭绝威 4 （单位⾯积或体积内的）⽣物量
Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living
胁。
biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in
that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the
5 ⻝⾁动物
biomass of large predators (a nimals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is
排除BC 6 开发，开采
reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long
7 减半
fished areas, it has halved again since then.
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
8 保守的
Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this
9 船、舰 10 猎物
is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using
11 卫星，⼈造卫星12 声纳
satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher
13 更⾼⽐例的
proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present
14 捕获量
and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the
16 充满，处于饱和状态
early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals
15 多钩⻓线 17 有饵料的
would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been
18设圈套；陷⼊困境 19 低估，不⾜ 20 ⻥类资源量
available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past.
Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks
after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer
sharks around now.
21 基础，基线 Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which
22 将…考虑在内
future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an
idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". The notion is
that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the
ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.
23 最⼤持续渔场捕捞量
That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be
24 收成，收获
cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of
its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do
business.
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
英语试题 . 7 . (共 14 ⻚）
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2⃣ 3⃣
二三
段根据一
项研究阐
述文章主
题：过度
捕捞导致
海洋中大
型鱼类生
物量剧
减。
4⃣
⻓难句
重点词汇
选项解析
1
万
live.cz
732
,
vfn.nnnnn-sAT33vnr.-sc
4 Eǜn 死
借研究
意义提出
建议：在
正确基线
后
的指导 5
下，实现
>3< vvvu
渔场的可
mn
持续发
展。
Atstnosrnosneesnesss满分技巧1: 【开篇例】观点在例子后面
31.The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
i
[A] large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared.
[C] large sea animals may face the same threat tod .
ay 由第二段倒数第二句知，15年间新渔场捕捞
X[D] slow-growing fish ou\tlive fast-growing ones. 量平均下降了80%。最后一句知旧渔场在新
渔场下降80%的基础上，又减少一半；即在
剩余20%的基础上减少了一半；也就是一共
A
32.We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm's paper that减少了90%。
^
[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.
方法1:
[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.
选项逻辑法
相似选项 [C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.
D推出A，选A [D] the number of large predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.
按照选项的说法，在新渔场比旧渔场下降得更快，说明新渔场和旧渔场都下降了。即D能推出A。
C 33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, Paragraph 3), Dr. Worm
means that
题干意思是这些是保守的数据；
原因 [A] fishing technology has improved rapidly. 换言之，实际的数字要更大，即实际情况更严重一些。
[B] the catch-sizes are actually sm\aller than recorded. ^
[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss.
[D] the data collected so far are ouXt of date.
A 中文中的short time指的是failed to detect the
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
massive changes;所以我们要采取shifting best
line,同时文中“gives”暗含科学家已经提供了一
34.Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that
哭 种baseline，而不是look for a longer baseline。
[A] people should loo\k for a baseline that can work for a longer time. ⼈
[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass.
[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level.
"[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changing situation.
满分技巧2: 态度题【某人态度】做题方法 人+说法+细节，同时还要防并列。
,35.The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries'
[A] management efficiency.
学霸思维：
[B] biomass level. 文中没有提到A D选项，排除AD。
[C] catch-size limits. 第四段最后一句的意思是：大多数渔场都远低于“that”，这是一
种有害的经营方式；
[D] technological application.
若that指的是C捕捞量极限，那么该句意思是，大多数渔场捕捞量
都低于极限值；按照逻辑，这是一种有利的经营方式，与文中意思
相反，排除。
满分技巧1: 【开篇例】观点在例子后面
满分技巧2: 态度题【某人态度】做题方法 人+说法+细节，同时还要防并列。
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
英语试题 . 8 . (共 14 ⻚）
Ahtttttssesossosoethhe
【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享文章主旨：
过度捕捞导致海洋生态失衡，大型鱼类濒临灭绝。
语篇分析：
1⃣
第一段类比开篇借“史前大行动灭绝”，引出文章主题：如今海洋大型动
物也面临灭绝威胁。
2⃣ 3⃣
二三段根据一项研究阐述文章主题：过度捕捞导致海洋中大型鱼类生物
量剧减。
2⃣
说明研究发现：过度捕捞导致海洋中大型鱼类生物量急剧减少，长期捕鱼
区仅剩最初的10%。
3⃣
借研究局限性（数据估算保守）进一步指出：海洋生态破坏可能比研究结
果展示得更加严重。
4⃣
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
借研究意义提出建议：在正确基线的指导下，实现渔场的可持续发展。
全文翻译
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
1⃣
当史前⼈类到达世界的斯区城时，某些奇怪的事情发⽣在⼤型动物身上。它们突然灭绝了。体型较⼩的
物种幸存了下来。⽣⻓缓慢的⼤型动物客易被補获，且迅速被猎杀直⾄灭绝。现在类似的事情可能正在各⼤
洋中发⽣。
2⃣
⼈们多年来早巴经知晓海洋正在遭受过度捕捞。⽽诸如兰森姆•迈尔斯和鲍⾥斯．洪尔姆这样的研究者所
揭示的只是情势恶化到底有多快。他们研究了全世界渔场半个世纪的数据。其研究⽅法不是试图估算特定海
城中⻥类的实际⽣物量(活体⽣物的数量），⽽是(估算)随着时间推移这些⽣物量的变化。据他们在《⾃然》
杂志上发表的最新论⽂可知，⼀个新渔场在开发之初的15年中⼤型⻝内⻥类(猎⻝其他动物的⻥类)的⽣物量
平均减少了 80%。在⼀些⻓期捕⻥的地区，⽣物量⾃那之后叉尚少了⼀半。
3⃣
沃尔姆博⼠承认，这些数据是保守的其原因之⼀，是捕⻥技术已经改进当今的船只可以使⽤50年前还没
有的卫星和声呐技术来寻找猎物。这就意味着更⾼⽐例的海洋⽣物正在被捕获，因此现在和过去之间的真正
差异很可能⽐捕捞量变化所显示出的差异更⼤，⽽且在早期，多钩⻓线上本可以挂满更多的⻥，有些⻥之所
以没有被捕捉，是因为没有可利⽤的带饵⻥钩来诱捕他们，进⽽导致过去的⻥类资源量被低估。此外在使⽤
多钩⻓线捕⻥的初期，许多⻥被勾住后⼜被鲨⻥夺⾛，⽽现在这不再是⼀个问题，因为鲨⻥很少出现了。
4⃣
迈尔斯博⼠和沃尔姆博⼠认为他们的研究成果将提供⼀个未来管理活动必须考虑的正确基线。他们认为
其数据验证了海洋⽣物学家就“变化基线”的⼀种普遍看法。这种看法就是⼈们未能发觉海洋中发⽣的巨⼤变
化是因为他们⼀直只回顾过去⼀段相对校短时间内的情况。⽽这事关重⼤，因为理论认为当⽬标物种的⽣物
量⼤约为其原始⽔平的50%时，从渔场能够获得最⼤持续渔获量，⼤部分渔场都远低于这个⽔平，这是⼀
种有害的经营⽅式。⻓难句
重点词汇
选项解析
Text4
1 怪异的，古怪的
Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this:
2 关注，专注
artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that
feel bad.
This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are
3 适合于 4 从19世纪起⼀直…
those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward,
5 假冒的，伪造的
more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as
6 ⽔仙花
we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire' s flowers of evil.
You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modem
times have seen so much misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual
7 ⼤规模屠杀 8 ⽆辜的⼈
war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the
9 该死的
opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.
After all, what is the one modem form of expression almost completely
dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost
10 致⼒于 11 出现 12 商业⽂化
exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in
13 思想体系，意识形态
which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.
14 引起回忆的事物
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked
until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass
15 精疲⼒尽的 16 教育⽂化普及率
communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which
17 信徒
reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be
18 鉴于这⼀切 19 令⼈失望的局⾯或情形
meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious
20 新闻主播
but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers,
21 笑容满⾯ 眉开眼笑
all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy
22 有⼀个⽬的 23 诱惑
families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda to lure us to
open our wallets they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable."Celebrate!"
24 命令，下令 25 关节炎
commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could 例子
increase the risk of heart attacks. 例子题，往前找观点句。
But what we forget what our economy depends on us forgetting is that
happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy
26 带来…最⼤可能
carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by
27 唾⼿可得的幸福
promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori:
remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in
28 接受，忍受
denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette,
29 ⼀缕清新的空⽓
yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
英语试题 . 9 . (共 14 ⻚）
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1⃣ 2⃣
指出
艺术表现
主题发生
了变化，
由快乐到
反快乐。
3⃣ 4⃣
阐述
艺术主题
由快乐变
为反快乐
的原因。 5⃣ 6⃣ 7⃣
1
2
7 36
wn > D .
3
4
5
mn
737
深
入剖析艺
6 术主题如
何随时代
背景及大
众文化的
变化而变 !
化。
7
739
mm >B
herttrnsttersssooD36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends
to show that
[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.
[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings.
[C] poets to\day are less skeptical of happiness.
[D] artists have changed their focus of interest.
B 37.The word "bummer" (Line 5, Paragraph 5) most probably means something
[A] religious.
第五段没有转折词，整段逻辑一致。
[B] unpleasant. 主旨相关 第一句中，“人们被痛苦包围着”，所以，最后一句
[C] entertaining. “不再需要痛苦”。
[D] commercial.
D38.In the author's opinion, advertising
[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art.
[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public.
[C] replaces the church as a major source of information.
[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself.
B39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes
[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness.
[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing.
负面
[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.
满分技巧1: [D] the anti-h ap py art flourishes when economy booms.
【推段落】主旨主要出现在（重点看）：第1句、大写转折句和最后1句。优先看大写转折句和最后1句。
A40.Which of the following is true of the text?
y[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery. A偏向痛苦，C偏向失望。
失望能推出痛苦（失望会感到痛苦，
[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.
: 痛苦不一定会感到失望），所以选痛
负面
i
[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modem society.苦A。
BD主旨未提及划横线处，故排除BD。
[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.
满分技巧2: 当第五题为【推全文】，①主旨相关；②最后一段相关。
英语试题 . 10 . (共 14 ⻚）
htttostshtsso
【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享文章主旨：如今，商业社会充斥着虚假的快乐，悲情艺
术给人以清醒的空气。
语篇分析：
1⃣ 2⃣
指出艺术表现主题发生了变化，由快乐到反快乐。
1⃣
提出当今艺术是一种反快乐艺术。
2⃣
追溯早期的快乐艺术，明确艺术主题的变化。
3⃣ 4⃣
阐述艺术主题由快乐变为反快乐的原因。
2⃣
M W的观点并未遵循传统视角，目的不在于对1960年代反文化运动进行
批判。
3⃣
批驳立意：艺术质疑幸福，并非是因为现代社会苦难太多，而是因为
“充斥着太多可恶的幸福”。
4⃣
解释“现代社会充斥着太多可恶的幸福”，指的是商业广告对幸福的意
识形态化。
5⃣ 6⃣ 7⃣
深入剖析艺术主题如何随时代背景及大众文化的变化而变化。
5⃣
重点介绍早期的“幸福艺术”：生活中有太多的苦难，艺术给人们慰藉
和憧憬。
6⃣
指现代商业文化对幸福的意识型态化暗存隐忧。
7⃣
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
最终明确现代反幸福艺术起到的醒世功能：悲情艺术给人以清醒的空
气。
长难句分析
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
Today,[ surrounded by promises of easy happines]s, we need art [to tell us, as religion once did,
过去分词做伴随状语 主谓宾 ⽬的状语 插⼊语
Memento mori: remembe7r that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in
that引导宾语从句
denying this but in living with it.
译⽂：
如今到处都是对唾⼿可得的幸福的承诺，我们需要艺术来告诫我们，正如宗教曾经告诉我们⼀样，⼈终有⼀
死万事皆会结束，幸福不在于否定这⼀点，⽽在于忍受它。全文翻译
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
1⃣
许多事情使⼈们认为艺术家是怪异的。但最怪异的或许是这件：艺术家唯⼀的⼯作就是探究情感,然⽽
他们却选择聚焦于那些令⼈惑觉糟糕的情感。
2⃣
情况并⾮总是如此。最早期的艺术形式，如绘画和⾳乐，是最适合表达喜悦的。但⼤约从19世纪以来,
更多的艺术家开始把幸福看作是⽆趣的、虛幻的、甚⾄是使⼈厌烦的情感，正如我们从华兹华斯的《⽔仙
花》到波德菜尔的《恶之花》所体验到的⼀样。
3⃣
你可能会辦称艺术越来越质疑幸福是因为现代社会经历了如此多的苦难。但早期社会⼜不是没有经历过
连年战乱、天灾⼈祸和屠杀⽆幸。事实上,原因可能恰恰相反：当今世界有太多令⼈作呕的幸福。
4⃣
别忘了,⼏乎完全致⼒于描绘幸福的唯⼀现代表达形式是什么？是⼴告。反幸福艺术的兴起⼏乎完全与
⼤众传媒同步,与之相件⽽⽣的还有⼀种商业⽂化，在这种⽂化中，幸福不仅是⼀种理想,更是⼀种意识形
态。
5⃣
早期时代的⼈们被苦难提示信息团团包国。他们⼯作到筋疲⼒尽,⽣活⼏乎没有任何保障，且年纪尚轻
便会逝去。在⻄⽅，在⼤众传播和教育普及之前，最强有⼒的⼤众传媒是教堂，在这⾥,信徒们会被提醒：
他们的灵魂处于危险之中,他们有朝⼀⽇将沦为腐⼫被蠕⾍啮噬。鉴于这⼀切，他们根本不需要艺术也成为
⼀件恼⼈之物。
6⃣
如今国绕普通⻄⽅⼈的信息不是宗教的，⽽是商业的，且永远都是幸福的。快餐⻝客、新⽤主播、发短
信者,都在微笑、徽笑微笑。我们的杂志特我满⾯春光的名⼈以及完美住宅⾥的幸福家庭。由于这些信息有
着特定的⽬的——诱使我们打开钱包它们使得“幸福”这⼀概念看起来不可靠。“欢庆吧！”关节炎药⻄乐
葆的⼴告这样⿎动道,之后我们才发现•它会增加⼼脏病的发病⻛险。
7⃣
但是我们所忘记的——我们的经济依赖的是我们的忘记——是：幸福并⾮是没有痛苦的快乐。带来最⼤
欢乐的东⻄很可能带来最⼤的损失和失望。如今,周国到处都是对唾⼿可得的幸福的承诺，我们需要艺术来
告诚我们，正如宗教曾经告诉我们，,⼈终有⼀死，万事皆会结束，幸福不在于否定这⼀点⽽在于忍受它。
这是甚⾄⽐丁⾹烟还要苦涩的启示，但不知何故，却常来了⼀缕清新的空⽓。公众号/⼩红书：莱布尼兹会上岸 获取更多考研资料
祝⼤家顺利上岸～
