Text1
A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys, people are actually more
stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people’s cortisol, which is a
stress marker, while they were at work and while they were at home and found it
“Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as
ot women, who report being happier at home than at work.”Another surprise is that
the findings hold true for both those with children and without, but more so for
nonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.
What the study doesn’t measure is whether people are still doing work when
they’re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office.
ome, they never get to leave the office.And for women who work outside the home,
hey often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and
workingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.
But it’s not just a gender thing.At work, people pretty much know what they’re
supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in
order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of
physicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.
On the home front, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household
talked into it, or if they’re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all
electronic devices. Plus, they’re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never
reallygettogo homefromhome.
So it’s not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the
tasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.
英语(二)试题 .3. (共14页)
【微信公众号:陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
1⃣
引出全
文主题:
人们在家
比上班压
higheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.
力更大。
2⃣
介绍研 men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,” writes one of the researchers,
究结论: SarahDamaske. In fact womeneven say theyfeel betterat work, she notes. “Itismen,
从性别角
n
度详细描
述其与常
规看法的
背离。
3⃣
解释女 For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay
性较男性
h
而言,在
t
家中压力
the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for
更大的原
因。
4⃣ 5⃣ 6⃣
⻓难句
英二
重点词汇
选项解析
与…相反
后 1
焦虑紧张的 ⽪质醇
标记
应该是
考研加油呀!
⽭盾
2
左
2
适⽤于
⽆⼦⼥者
3
家庭的
放松下来
收⼯
所
模糊
家庭后⽅ 落后 作出调整以适应
性别 ⼏乎
Ψ
得到 便宜货 投⼊ Ψ
跳 维持⽣命的
出性别差
后 5 5
异,从宏
分配 不偏不倚地 有条不紊地 安排
in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a
观角度解
不充分的
释“人们 lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home
在家比上 colleagues – your family – have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be
班压力更 移动 移动
大”的原
因。
6
显然地 ⽆限的 激发…的积极性
考研加油呀!
⼀A
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfound thathome_d_i_d_ s_t.h
[A]offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace
原文第一段第一句说,一个新的研究发现,人们
[B]wasanidealplacefor stressmeasurement 在家中更加的紧张。这个发现与之前大多数的研
相反选项
究相反。
[C]generatedmorestressthantheworkplace
所以通过“取非”我们知道在之前大多数的研究
[D]wasanunrealisticplacefor relaxation 中,人们在家里会更加的放松,选择A选项。
B 22.AccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?
[A]Workingmothers.
原文首先说,男性会比女性在家中更开
[B]Childlesshusbands.
心,后面又说无子女者比有小孩的人更
[C]Workingfathers. 开心,所以选择B选项。
[D]Childlesswives.
考研加油呀!
B23.Theblurringofworkingwomen’srolesreferstothefactthat_____.
[A]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback 原文“the”说明是前文内容的指代,所以要看前面
一句话,而不是后一句话。虽然后面一句话也提到
精准定位 [B]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives
了事实,但是并不清楚,他是不是“the blurring of
[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind working”指代的事实。
而前一句话意思是:女性除了要在外处理工作,回
[D]itisdifficultfor themtoleavetheiroffice
到家还得做家务,所以选择B选项。“面包的赢者”
意思就是指在外工作。
c24.Theword “moola”(Line4,Para.4)mostprobablymeans_____.
[A]skills
词汇题
[B]energy
词汇所在那一句话的意思就是,上班
[C]earnings
的时候,我花时间劳动去获得“一些
[D]nutrition 什么东西”。
D25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat_____.
原因
[A]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded 原文定位未提及
[B]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment 原文定位未提及
[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating
原文定位未提及
[D]divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut
精准定位
考研加油呀!
英语(二)试题 .4. (共14页)
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→文章主旨:人们在家比上班压力更大。
语篇分析:
1⃣
引出全文主题:人们在家比上班压力更大。
2⃣
介绍研究结论:从性别角度详细描述其与常规看法的背离。
3⃣
解释女性较男性而言,在家中压力更大的原因。
4⃣ 5⃣ 6⃣
跳出性别差异,从宏观角度解释“人们在家比上班压力更大”的原
因。
4⃣
指出人们在外工作的情况:交易明确,劳有所得。
5⃣
指出人们在家中工作的情况:分工不明,奖励不足,且难以调动家庭成
员分担家务。
6⃣
考研加油呀!
得出结论,重申“人们在家比上班压力更大”的合理性,并再次总结上
述宏观原因。
1⃣
⼀项新的研究表明,与⼤多数调查相反,⼈们实际上在家⾥⽐在⼯作中压⼒更⼤。研究⼈员测量了⼈们在⼯
作和在家时的⽪质醇,这是⼀种压⼒标记,发现在应该是避难所的地⽅⽪质醇更⾼。
2⃣
“进⼀步与传统观念相⽭盾的是,我们发现⼥性和男性在⼯作中的压⼒⽔平低于在家中。”其中⼀位研究⼈员
Sarah Damaske 写道。事实上,⼥性甚⾄说她们在⼯作中感觉更好,她指出。 “报告说在家⽐在⼯作中更快乐
的是男⼈,⽽不是⼥⼈。”另⼀个令⼈惊讶的是,这些发现对有孩⼦和没有孩⼦的⼈都适⽤,但对于⾮⽗⺟来说
更是如此。这就是为什么在家外⼯作的⼈更健康的原因。该研究没有衡量的是⼈们在家时是否仍在⼯作,⽆论是
家务活还是从办公室带回家的⼯作。
3⃣
对于许多男⼈来说,⼯作⽇结束是休息的时候。对于呆在家⾥的⼥性来说,她们永远⽆法离开办公室。⽽对
于在外⼯作的⼥性来说,她们往往是在忙着赶家务。由于⻆⾊的模糊,以及家庭在为职业⼥性做出调整⽅⾯远远
落后于⼯作场所的事实,⼥性在家中的压⼒更⼤也就不⾜为奇了。
4⃣
但这不仅仅是性别问题。在⼯作中,⼈们⼏乎知道他们应该做什么:⼯作、赚钱、做他们必须做的任务以获
取收⼊。交易⾮常纯粹:员⼯投⼊数⼩时的体⼒或脑⼒劳动,员⼯抽出维持⽣命的moola。
5⃣
然⽽,在家庭⽅⾯,⼈们并没有这样的明确性。很少有家庭如此临床和有条不紊地安排分⼯。有很多任务要
完成,⼤多数任务奖励不⾜。你的家庭同事——你的家⼈——对他们的劳动没有明确的回报;他们需要被说服,
或者如果他们是⻘少年,则威胁要完全移除所有电⼦设备。另外,他们是你的家⼈。你不能解雇你的家⼈。你永
远不会真正从家⾥回家。
6⃣
全文翻译
考研加油呀!
因此,⼈们在家中的压⼒更⼤也就不⾜为奇了。不仅任务显然是⽆限的,⽽且同事也更难激励。⻓难句
英二
重点词汇
选项解析 Text2
For years, studies have found that first-generation college students – those who
⼤学学位 落后于 ⼀系列
o not have a parent with a college degree – lag other students on a range of
辍学
succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to
悖论 招收
recruit more of them. This has created “a paradox” in that recruiting first-generation
students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has
社会阶层 即将到来的
But the article is actually quite opt乐im观i的stic, as it o 概 u 述 tlines 解 a 决 po 某 te ⼀ n 问 tia 题 l 的 so 可 lu 能 ti ⽅ on 案 to
thisproblem, suggesting that an approach (which involves a one-hour,ne⼏xt乎-t⽆o-成no本-c的ost
rogram) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap (measured by such factors as
调查发现
The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findings are
匿名私⽴⼤学
based on a study involving 147 students (who completed the project) at an unnamed
private university. First generation was defined as not having a parent with a
four-year college degree. Most of the first-generation students (59.1 percent) were
接受者 助学⾦ 经济需求 ecipients of Pell Grants, a federal grant for undergraduates with financial need, while
this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students with at least one parent with a
论点 较⼩的 ⼲预 巨⼤影响
Their thesis – that a relatively modest intervention could have a big impact –
缺乏
was based on the view that first-generation students may be most lacking not in
实⽤知识 处理
potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most
college students. They 引cit⽤e past research by several authors to show that this is the
gapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.
挣扎于应付 中产阶级⽂化
Many first-generation students “struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of
利⽤…
igher education, learn the ‘rules of the game,’ and take advantage of college
esources,” they write.And this becomes more of a problem when colleges don’t talk
⼏乎不
“Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can
affect students’ educational experiences, many first-generation students lack insight
about why they are struggling and do not understand how students ‘like them’ can
improve.”
英语(二)试题 .5. (共14页)
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1⃣
提出全
文讨论问
d
题:第一
education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are
代大学生
higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they
在校表现
普遍落后
于其他学
生,而高
校的漠视 “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close” an achievement gap based on
态度,使 social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the
得问题进 journalPsychologicalScience.
一步加剧
2⃣
概述问 p
题解决方 grades)betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.
案。
3⃣ 4⃣
详细 r
介绍研究
对象及研 four-yeardegree.
究论题。
5⃣
1
体现在
E
6
考研加油呀!
所 2
3
后8
Ψ
E
9
详细阐
5
述第一代
h
大学生面
r
临问题,
about the class advantages and disadvantages of different groups of students.
并指出高
T
校对此有
后
o
一定责
任。
考研加油呀!
⼀c26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas_d_o_n_e_ .sth
具体信息,排除 [A]reducedtheirdropoutrates
ABD中均有具体信息,C更虚,出错概率较小。
具体信息,排除 [B]narrowedtheachievementgap
定位处,“in that”意思是“体现为”,是“矛盾、悖论”的
[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose
具体体现,不需要往后看,看多了只会被多余信息干扰。
具体信息,排除 [D]depressedcollegestudents “it has created a paradox”已经回答问题所问。只有C的意思
和矛盾沾边,选择C。
c 27.Theauthorsoftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause_原__因__.
[A]theirfindingsappealtostudents
具体信息,排除
具体信息,排除 [B]therecruitingratehasincreased
[C]theproblemissolvable 精准定位
具体信息,排除 [D]theirapproachiscostless
考研加油呀!
c28.Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents_____.
[A]arefromsingle-parentfamilies原文定位未提及
[B]studyatprivateuniversities原文定位未提及
[C]areinneedoffinancialsupport 精准定位
[D]havefailedtheircollege
原文定位未提及
B29.Theauthorsofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents_d_o_ s_t_h.
[A]maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects
原文定位未提及
某人态度题
[B]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege
精准定位
[C]canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents原文定位未提及
[D]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap原文定位未提及
D30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat_____.
[A]universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddle-class 具体信息,排除
推断题
[B]studentsareusuallytoblamefor theirlackofresources 具体信息,排除
推段落
[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences
[D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefor theprobleminquestion
比较程度副词知道,出错概率 ABC均有具体信息,D中“惹争议的问
C>AB>D,D出错概率最小。 题”太虚了,出错概率较小。
定位处的信息,AB根本不沾边,排除。
C将原文的“影响”曲解为“帮助”,排除。
考研加油呀!
英语(二)试题 .6. (共14页)
⼀【微信公众号:陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享文章主旨:改变“第一代大学生学业成就落后”状况。
语篇分析:
1⃣
提出全文讨论问题:第一代大学生在校表现普遍落后于其他学生,而
高校的漠视态度,使得问题进一步加剧。
2⃣
概述问题解决方案。
3⃣ 4⃣
详细介绍研究对象及研究论题。
5⃣
考研加油呀!
详细阐述第一代大学生面临问题,并指出高校对此有一定责任。
1⃣
多年来,研究发现第⼀代⼤学⽣——那些⽗⺟没有⼤学学历的⼈——在⼀系列教育成就因素上落后于其他
学⽣。他们的成绩较低,辍学率较⾼。但由于这些学⽣如果在⾼等教育中取得成功,最有可能在经济上取得进
步,⼏⼗年来,学院和⼤学⼀直在努⼒招募更多的学⽣。这造成了“⼀个悖论”,即招收第⼀代学⽣,但眼睁睁
地看着他们中的许多⼈失败,这意味着⾼等教育“继续复制和扩⼤,⽽不是缩⼩”基于社会阶层的成就差距。即
将在《⼼理科学》杂志上发表的⼀篇论⽂的开头令⼈沮丧。
2⃣
但这篇⽂章实际上是相当乐观的,因为它概述了这个问题的潜在解决⽅案,表明⼀种⽅法(包括⼀个⼀⼩
时、近乎免费的计划)可以缩⼩ 63% 的成就差距(衡量标准为第⼀代和其他学⽣之间的成绩等因素。
3⃣
该论⽂的作者来⾃不同的⼤学,他们的发现基于⼀项涉及⼀所未命名私⽴⼤学的 147 名学⽣(他们完成了
该项⽬)的研究。第⼀代被定义为没有四年制⼤学学位的⽗⺟。⼤多数第⼀代学⽣(59.1%)是佩尔助学⾦的
获得者,这是⼀项为有经济需要的本科⽣提供的联邦助学⾦,⽽只有 8.6% 的学⽣⾄少有⼀个⽗⺟拥有四年制
学位。
4⃣
他们的论点——相对适度的⼲预可能会产⽣重⼤影响——是基于这样⼀种观点,即第⼀代学⽣最缺乏的可
能不是潜⼒,⽽是关于如何处理⼤多数⼤学⽣⾯临的问题的实践知识。他们引⽤了⼏位作者过去的研究表明这
是
必须缩⼩差距以缩⼩成就差距。
5⃣
全文翻译
考研加油呀!
许多第⼀代学⽣“努⼒驾驭中产阶级⽂化⾼等教育,学习‘游戏规则’,并利⽤⼤学资源,”他们写道。当⼤
学不谈论不同学⽣群体的班级优势和劣势时,这就会成为⼀个更⼤的问题。 “由于美国⾼校很少承认社会阶层
如何影响学⽣的教育体验,许多第⼀代学⽣对他们为什么苦苦挣扎缺乏洞察⼒,也不了解‘喜欢他们’的学⽣如
何才能进步。”Text3
⺟语不同的⼈之间使⽤的通⽤语
Even in traditional offices, “the lingua franca of corporate America has gotten
右脑的,引申为感性的
uch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago,” said
快速旋转 Harvard Business School professor Nancy Koehn. She started spinning off examples.
空降 If you and I parachuted back to Fortune 500 companiesin 1990, we would see much
ess frequentuse of terms like journey, mission, passion.Therewere goals, there were
passion.”
指出 时代
Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabulary is very
“team”-oriented – and not by 巧co合incidence. “Let’s not forget sports – in
男性占主导地位的 ⾮常重要的事 清楚地
male-dominated corporate America, it’s still a big deal. It’s not explicitly conscious;
it’s the idea that I’m a coach, and you’re my team, and we’re in this together. There
arelotsand lots of CEOsin very different companies, but most thinkof themselves as
oachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.”
灌输
These terms are also intended to infuse work with meaning – and, as Rakesh
忠诚
Khurana, another professor, points out, increase allegiance to the firm. “You have the
imp 输 or ⼊ tation of ter学m术in⽤ol语ogy that historically used to be 和… as 有 so 关 c 联 iated with n ⾮ o 营 n- 利 pr 组 o 织 fit
organizations and religious organizations: terms like vision, values, passion, and
purpose,”saidKhurana.
个⼈成就 使某⼈有动⼒ 在…中间
This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid
increasingly loud debates over work-life balance. The “mommy wars” of the 1990s
促进
are still going on today, prompting arguments about why women still can’t have it all
某⼀领域内的时髦⽤语
and books like Sheryl Sandberg’s Lean In, whose title has become a buzzword in its
凭借⾃身的能⼒
own right. Terms like unplug, offline, life-hack, bandwidth, and capacity are all about
在办公室和家庭⾥设置界限
setting boundaries between the office and the home. But if your work is your
投身于某事
办公室语⾔
But this seems to be the irony of office speak: Everyone makes fun of it, but
语⾔学家 ⽆稽之谈 inguist once said, “You can get people to think it’s nonsense at the same time that
买账
you buy into it.” In a workplace that’s fundamentally indifferent to your life and its
弄清楚
eaning, office speak can help you figure out how you relate to your work – and
英语(二)试题 .7. (共14页)
【微信公众号:陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
1⃣
指出现
象:美国 m
企业的通
用语与20 “
年前相比
l
更加富有
strategies, there were objectives, but we didn’t talk about energy; we didn’t talk about
情感。
2⃣ 3⃣ 4⃣
阐 c
述现象。
5⃣
⻓难句
英二
重点词汇
选项解析
1
2
3
Ψ
“passion,” you’ll be more likely to devote yourself to it, even if that means going
对现象
进行集中 homefor dinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed.
评价:帮 5
助认清个 managers love it, companies depend on it, and regular people willingly absorb it.As a
人和工作 l
的关系,
找到自身
m
定位和价
howyour workdefineswhoyouare.
值
考研加油呀!
→D 31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome_____.
[A]lessstrategic
某人态度题 [B]lessenergetic
[C]moreobjective
[D]moreemotional 精准定位
A 32.“Team”-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto_____.
[A]sportsculture
[B]genderdifference
原文定位未提及 “executive”多余信息。
[C]historicalincidents
原文定位未提及
[D]athleticexecutives
考研加油呀!
D33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto_目__的__.
[A]revivehistoricalterms
认识“allegiance”的同学直接“内容做题法”。
某人态度题
[B]promotecompanyimage
[C]fostercorporatecooperation 不认识“allegiance”的同学建议一定去看斌斌b站
内容做题法 “阅读逐年刷题精讲”视频(1h27m)。
[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty
(文字实在不好表述,抱歉)
A
34.It canbeinferredthatLeanIn_d_id_ _s_t.h
[A]voicesfor workingwomen “Lean in”位置的后半句讲的是它的标题,题
目问的是这本书,不用看。
原文定位未提及 [B]appealstopassionateworkaholics
[C]triggersdebatesamongmommies “妈妈大战”促进了“argument”以及“Lean
原文定位未提及 [D]praisesmotivatedemployees In”这本书,说明这本书和前文的“argument”
方向一致。
C,原文没有说是“在妈妈范围内引发讨论”。
B 35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?
[A]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense.
A,语言学家的观点是“你可以让人们在认为(办
推断题 [B]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit.
公室语言)是无稽之谈的情况下还可以接受它”,
推细节
[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental. 观点的重点是“人们接受它”,而选项说“语言学
家认为办公室语言是无稽之谈”。
[D]Managersadmireitbutavoidit.
C,原文没有说“将办公室语言认为是基础”。
D,原文说的是“管理者接受它”。
考研加油呀!
英语(二)试题 .8. (共14页)
→【微信公众号:陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享文章主旨:办公室语言的积极作用。
语篇分析:
1⃣
指出现象:美国企业的通用语与20年前相比更加富有情感。
2⃣ 3⃣ 4⃣
阐述现象。
2⃣
说明现象背后的原因:体育运动中的团队合作文化。
3⃣ 4⃣
说明现象带来的积极影响。赋予工作意义,进而增强员工的忠诚
度,以及有助于员工平衡家庭与工作的关系。
5⃣
考研加油呀!
对现象进行集中评价:帮助认清个人和工作的关系,找到自身定位和
价值。
1⃣
即使在传统的办公室⾥,“美国企业界的通⽤语也⽐ 20 年前更加情绪化,右脑化得多,”哈佛商学院教授南
希·科恩 (Nancy Koehn) 说。她开始衍⽣例⼦。 “如果你和我在 1990 年跳伞回到财富 500 强公司,我们会看
到旅程、使命、激情等术语的使⽤频率会⼤⼤降低。有⽬标,有战略,有⽬标,但我们没有谈论能量;我们没有
谈论激情。”
2⃣
Koehn 指出,这个新的企业词汇时代是⾮常“团队”导向的——这并⾮巧合。 “我们不要忘记体育——在男性
主导的美国企业界,这仍然是⼀件⼤事。它不是明确有意识的;我是⼀名教练,你是我的团队,我们在⼀起。在
⾮常不同的公司中有很多很多的 CEO,但⼤多数⼈都认为⾃⼰是教练,这是他们的团队,他们想赢。 ”
3⃣
这些术语还旨在为⼯作注⼊意义——正如另⼀位教授 Rakesh Khurana 所指出的那样,增加对公司的忠诚
度。 “您可以输⼊历史上与⾮营利组织和宗教组织相关的术语:愿景、价值观、激情和⽬的等术语,”库拉纳
说。
4⃣
这种对个⼈成就的新关注有助于在关于⼯作与⽣活平衡的争论⽇益激烈的情况下保持员⼯的积极性。 1990 年
代的“妈妈战争”今天仍在继续,引发了关于为什么⼥性仍然⽆法拥有⼀切的争论,以及像雪莉·桑德伯格
(Sheryl Sandberg) 的《Lean In》(Lean In) 这样的书,其标题本身已成为流⾏语。诸如拔掉、离线、⽣活⿊
客、带宽和容量之类的术语都是关于设置办公室和家庭之间的界限。但是,如果你的⼯作是你的“激情”,你就更
有可能全身⼼投⼊,即使这意味着要回家吃晚饭,然后在孩⼦们上床后很⻓时间再⼯作。
5⃣
全文翻译
考研加油呀!
但这似乎是办公室谈话的讽刺:每个⼈都取笑它,但管理者喜欢它,公司依赖它,普通⼈愿意吸收它。正如
⼀位语⾔学家曾经说过的那样,“你可以让⼈们在你接受它的同时认为这是⽆稽之谈。”在⼀个从根本上对你的⽣
活及其意义漠不关⼼的⼯作场所中,办公室演讲可以帮助你弄清楚你与⼯作的关系——以及你的⼯作如何定义你
是谁。⻓难句
英二
重点词汇
Text4
选项解析
劳⼯部
Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reported for
une,alo伴ng随withthe drop in theunem 失 p 业 lo 率 ymentrateto 6.1 percent, asgood news.And
⽬前看来 不错的
hey were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace.We
还有很⻓的路要⾛ 充分就业
till have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now
以更快的速度
inallymoving forwardatafasterpace.
就业图景 很⼤程度上
However, there is another important part of the jobs picture that was largely
忽视 …的突增 ⾃愿地
overlooked. There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily
从事兼职⼯作
workingpart-time.Thisfigureisnow830,000(4.4percent)aboveitsyearago level.
与…的联系 值得做某事
Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an
区别
important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want full-time
证据
hatmanypeoplewillbehavin很g艰a难v地er…yhardtime 维 m 持 ak ⽣ in 计 gendsmeet.
…的增加 总体趋势
There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but the general direction
has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the
衰退
recession,butitisdownby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.
We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time
调查
employment because people tell us. The survey used by the Labor Department asks
参考
eople ifthey worked lessthan 35 hoursin thereference week.If the answeris “yes,”
they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked
less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or
别⽆选择 被归类
becausethey had no choice.They areonly classified asvoluntary part-time workersif
heytellthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.
问题 与…相关
The issue of voluntary part-time relates to Obamacare because one of the main
保险 失业
有严重健康问题
erious health conditions, before Obamacare the only way to get insurance was
However, Obamacare has allowed more than 12 million people to either get
先前的
感到…的迫切需要 投保
ave felt the need to get a full-time job that provided insurance in order to cover
hemselves and their families. With Obamacare there is no longer a link between
英语(二)试题 .9. (共14页)
【微信公众号:陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
1⃣ 2⃣
说明
美国当前 J
就业形势
t
并提出重
s
点关注现
f
象:自愿
兼职人数
大幅激增
3⃣ 4⃣ 5⃣
反 jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in
面论证指 involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means
出,非自 t
愿兼职人
数增加为
负面现
象,但美
国这一群
体人数大
p
幅下降。
6⃣ 7⃣
1
2
T
6
3
可
4 的
考研加油呀!
5
t
论述
“自愿兼 6
职者增加 purposes was to allow people to get insurance outside of employment. For many
现象”与 people, especially those with serious health conditions or family members with
“奥巴马 s
医改”之 throughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.
间的关
7
联,肯定
insurance through Medicaid or the exchanges. These are people who may previously
现象正面
h
性,表达
t 后
9
对医改的
employmentandinsurance.
支持。 考研加油呀!
→B36.Whichpartofthejobspicturewasneglected?
上下文的一致性。
[A]Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket. 37、38题都谈论到了兼职工作,所以可以直接选
择B选项。
精准定位 [B]Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs.
[C]Thepossibilityoffull employment.
[D]Theaccelerationofjobcreation.
考研加油呀!
c 37.Manypeopleworkpart-timebecausethey_原__因__.
[A]preferpart-timejobstofull-timejobs
精准定位。
[B]feelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeet 原文说“干兼职工作是他本人得到的全部”。如果不
好理解就去看上面一句。上面一句说,“那些干兼职
精准定位 [C]cannotget theirhandsonfull-timejobs
工作的人也想做全职工作”,换句话说,“兼职工作
[D]haven’tseentheweaknessofthemarket 的人找不到全职工作,所以只能做兼职工作”。
A38.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentintheUS_____.
[A]showsageneraltendencyofdecline
精准定位
[B]ishardertoacquirethanoneyearago
[C]satisfiestherealneedofthejobless
[D]islowerthanbeforetherecession
D39.It canbelearnedthatwithObamacare,_____.
[A]itisnolongereasyfor part-timerstogetinsurance
推断题
[B]full-timeemploymentisstillessentialfor insurance 用“Obamacare”原文定位一共
出现了四处,很难精准定位,所
[C]itisstillchallengingtogetinsuranceforfamilymembers
相反选项 以用“with Obamacare”定位。
[D]employmentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsurance
A 40.Thetextmainlydiscusses_____.
[A]employmentintheUS 不要总结归纳,总结归纳一定会带有主观性,出错概率太
相似选项 大。
[B]part-timerclassification
主旨题 [C]insurancethroughMedicaid 通过前面几题知道,文章前半段主要在讲兼职工作,后半段
谈奥巴马改革、就业和保险之间的关系。
[D]Obamacare’strouble
都出现了就业,A选项比较接近。
A选项谈的是就业,B选项谈的是兼
职;本质上都是在谈工作,所以两者是
相似选项。
兼职就说明一定是在工作,但是工作不
一定谈的是兼职,因为还有可能谈的是
全职工作,所以B能推出A,A推不出来
B,选择A选项。
考研加油呀!
英语(二)试题 .10. (共14页)
→【微信公众号:陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享文章主旨:美国就业形势与奥巴马医改的关联。
语篇分析:
1⃣ 2⃣
从公众关注面到公众忽略面解读劳工部报告,说明美国当前就业形势并提
出重点关注现象:自愿兼职人数大幅激增。
1⃣
指出公众关注面“就业岗位增加,失业率降低”,并说明原因:美国经济复
苏。
2⃣
提出被公众忽略的方面,自愿兼职人数大幅提升。
3⃣ 4⃣ 5⃣
反面论证指出,非自愿兼职人数增加为负面现象,但美国这一群体人数
大幅下降。
3⃣
引入“非自愿兼职”概念,并指出非自愿兼职工作的增加,是一种负面形
象。
4⃣
指出美国非自愿兼职人数下降。
5⃣
补充介绍劳工部调查中区分自愿和非自愿的具体方式。
6⃣ 7⃣
论述“自愿兼职者增加现象”与“奥巴马医改”之间的关联,肯定现象正
面性,表达对医改的支持。
6⃣
重在说明奥巴马医改的主要目的:使人们在非就业的情况下也能得到保险。
7⃣
考研加油呀!
重在指出奥巴马医改带来的改变:使得保险不再与就业挂钩。1⃣
许多⼈将劳⼯部报告的 6 ⽉份新增 288,000 个⼯作岗位以及失业率降⾄ 6.1% 视为好消息。他们是对的。
⽬前看来,经济正在以不错的速度创造就业机会。要恢复充分就业,我们还有很⻓的路要⾛,但⾄少我们现在
终于以更快的速度前进了。
2⃣
然⽽,就业前景的另⼀个重要部分在很⼤程度上被忽视了。⾃愿从事兼职⼯作的⼈数⼤幅增加。这个数字现
在⽐⼀年前的⽔平⾼出 830,000(4.4%)。
3⃣
在解释与奥巴⻢医改的联系之前,有必要做⼀个重要的区分。许多从事兼职⼯作的⼈实际上想要全职⼯作。
他们从事兼职⼯作,因为这是他们所能得到的⼀切。⾮⾃愿兼职⼯作的增加是劳动⼒市场疲软的证据,这意味
着许多⼈将很难维持⽣计。
4⃣
6⽉份⾮⾃愿兼职有所增加,但⼤⽅向⼀直在下降。⾮⾃愿兼职就业⼈数仍远⾼于经济衰退前,但⽐去年同
期减少了 640,000 ⼈(7.9%)。
5⃣
我们知道⾃愿和⾮⾃愿兼职⼯作之间的区别,因为⼈们告诉我们。劳⼯部使⽤的调查询问⼈们在参考周内的
⼯作时间是否少于 35 ⼩时。如果答案是“是”,则他们被归类为兼职⼯作。然后调查询问他们在那⼀周的⼯作
时间少于 35 ⼩时,是因为他们想⼯作的时间少于全职,还是因为他们别⽆选择。只有当他们告诉调查⼈员他
们选择每周⼯作少于 35 ⼩时时,他们才会被归类为⾃愿兼职⼯⼈。
6⃣
⾃愿兼职的问题与奥巴⻢医改有关,因为主要⽬的之⼀是让⼈们在就业之外获得保险。对于许多⼈,尤其是
那些患有严重健康状况的⼈或患有严重健康状况的家庭成员⽽⾔,在奥巴⻢医改之前,获得保险的唯⼀途径是
通过提供健康保险的⼯作。
7⃣
全文翻译
考研加油呀!
然⽽,奥巴⻢医改已允许超过 1200 万⼈通过 Medicaid 或交易所获得保险。这些⼈以前可能觉得有必要找
到⼀份提供保险的全职⼯作,以便为⾃⼰和家⼈提供保险。有了奥巴⻢医改,就业和保险之间不再有联系。