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Text1
In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency”, George
⼤⾂ 英国财政部 预付的
Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search”
登记
scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online
有资格的
job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit – and then
每两周地
they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more
reasonable?
More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait
补贴
for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for
注册 声称
work, not looking to sign on,” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we
know they help people sta远y离off benefits and help 那 th 些 os 依 e 靠 o 救 n 济 b ⽣ en 活 e 的 fit ⼈ s get 找 in 到 to ⼯作 work
咋听之下
faster.” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor,
具有某特点
trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously
indu放lg纵e的nt system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find
给…补助
work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was
热情
his zeal for “fundamental fairness” – protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending
申请⼈
and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.
蹦蹦跳跳 ⼼哼⼩曲
Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in
your heart, delighted at the p因ro对s收pe⼊ct翻o番f的d憧ou憬b⽽lin兴g奋y。our income from the generous
state. It is financially terrifying, psych⼼o理lo上g地ically emb 令 a ⼈ rra 尴 s 尬 si 的 ng and you know that
support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you
被排除在…之外
are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in
养活
your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the
bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the
answer is always: a job.
第⼀直觉 依赖性
But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency – permanent
⾮常愿意…
dependency if you can get it – supported by a state only too ready to indulge your
错误 ⽇益严厉
falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and
benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is
保障你⾃⼰抵抗…⻛险
no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and
⽆条件⽀持
receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase
“jobseeker’s allowance” is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who
had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making
保障措施
national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited
以…为条件 拥有或获得某物的权利
“allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no
insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.
英语（一）试题 .3. （共14页）
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1⃣ 2⃣
介绍
奥斯本新
政目的及
内容，并
指出其背
后真正动
因。
3⃣ 4⃣
⻓难句
? 英一
重点词汇
选项解析
有
:
考研加油呀！
可
7243
4
对新
政展开批
驳。
-
考研加油呀！【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
-
21. GeorgeOsborne’sschemewasintendedto
[A]encouragejobseekers’activeengagementinjobseeking. 精准定位
[B]providetheunemployedwitheasieraccesstobenefits. 原文定位未提及
[C]guaranteejobseekers’legitimaterighttobenefits.原文定位未提及
[D]motivatetheunemployedtoreportvoluntarily. 原文定位未提及
c22. Thephrase“tosignon”(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans
[A]tocheckontheavailabilityofjobsatthejobcentre.
原文说的是“应该去找工作而不是
[B]toacceptthegovernment’srestrictionsontheallowance. sign on，所以指代的应该是和找工
作相反的方向。
[C]toregisterfor anallowancefrom thegovernment.
A D与找工作方向一致，排除。
[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.
B与“不找工作”联系不大，排除。
D23. Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?
[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifefor all.
[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed. 考研加油呀！
[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.
[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfor taxpayers. 精准定位
A 24. AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel
[A]uneasy.
精准定位
[B]insulted.
[C]enraged.
[D]guilty.
A25. Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?
[A]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional. 上一题定位第三段，这道题肯定
定位第四段，所以可以按照推段
推断题 [B]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.
落的方法去做。
推段落
[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.
[D]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.
考研加油呀！
英语（一）试题 .4. （共14页）
-【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享文章主旨：奥斯本新政：新野蛮主义
语篇分析：
1⃣ 2⃣
介绍奥斯本新政目的及内容，并指出其背后真正动因。
1⃣
说明方案目的及内容。
2⃣
继续假借奥斯本口吻介绍新郑规定其目的，并最终揭示背后真正动因。
3⃣ 4⃣
对新政展开批驳。
3⃣
失业者内心无比渴望工作，当前失业金微不足道且极难申请。
4⃣
考研加油呀！
正面批驳新政：无视失业者真正心理，彻底偏离福利制度的原则与初衷
1⃣
为了“让⽣活变得更好”并减少“依赖”，英国财政⼤⾂乔治奥斯本引⼊了“前期⼯作搜索”计划。只有当失业
者带着简历到达就业中⼼，注册在线求职并开始寻找⼯作时，他们才有资格获得福利——然后他们应该每周⽽
不是每两周报告⼀次。还有什么更合理的？
2⃣
更明显的合理性随之⽽来。现在，求职者的津贴将等待 7 天。 “最初的⼏天应该⽤来找⼯作，⽽不是想签
约，”他声称。 “我们正在做这些事情，因为我们知道它们可以帮助⼈们远离福利，并帮助那些领取福利的⼈
更快地投⼊⼯作。”帮助？真的吗？初听时，这是⼀位关⼼社会的总理，他试图让⽣活变得更好，完成对⼀个
明显放纵的制度的“改⾰”，这种制度要求新失业者找⼯作的努⼒太少，并补贴懒惰。我们理解，激励他的是
他对“基本公平”的热情——保护纳税⼈、控制⽀出并确保只有最应得的索赔⼈才能获得福利。
3⃣
失业是痛苦的：你不会跳到就业中⼼，⼼⾥唱着歌，为从慷慨的国家那⾥获得双倍收⼊⽽欣喜若狂。这在
经济上是可怕的，在⼼理上是令⼈尴尬的，⽽且你知道⽀持是微不⾜道的，⽽且⾮常难以获得。你现在不受欢
迎；您现在被排除在为您的⽣活提供⽬标和结构的⼯作环境之外。更糟糕的是，养活⾃⼰和家⼈以及⽀付账单
的关键收⼊已经消失。问任何新失业的⼈他们想要什么，答案总是：⼀份⼯作。
4⃣
全文翻译
考研加油呀！
但在奥斯本兰，你的第⼀直觉是陷⼊依赖——如果你能得到它，永久依赖——得到⼀个国家的⽀持，这个
国家太准备放纵你的谎⾔。就好像20年来对求职和福利管理制度进⾏更严格的改⾰从未发⽣过⼀样。英国福
利的原则不再是您可以为⾃⼰投保失业⻛险并在灾难发⽣时获得⽆条件付款。就连“求职者津贴”这个词也是
关于将失业者重新定义为“求职者”，他们没有基本权利享受通过缴纳国家保险⾦⽽获得的福利。取⽽代之的
是，索赔⼈会收到有时间限制的“津贴”，条件是积极寻找⼯作；没有权利也没有保险，每周 71.70 英镑，是
欧盟最不慷慨的国家之⼀。【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
Text2
全世界范围内 招惹更多的敌意
All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of
…可能排除在外
any other profession – with the possible exception of journalism. But there are
few places where clients have有m…o的re理g由rounds for complaint thanAmerica.
During the decade before the econ经o济m危ic机crisis, spending on leg 法 al 律 s 服 er 务 vices in
通货膨胀 赚得盆满钵满
America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of
涌⼊
money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law
graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of
妨碍公共利益的⾏为 诉讼律师 ⺠事侵权法律系统 昂贵的
nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.
⾼昂的费⽤ 法律教育
There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal
途径
education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year
undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at
美国律师协会
one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an
普通的法学院毕业⽣
expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school
除…之外
graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt
拼命努⼒⼯作
means that they have to work fearsomely hard.
明智的
Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible
存在着 ⼀段时间 州级机构
ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the
太过保守以⾄于不能… 实施
profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow
参加律师资格考试
people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for
严厉的
the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough
想要成为律师的⼈
test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.
限制性的 ⾏会式所有权结构
The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership
structure of the business. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not
own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is
从该⾏业内部 反对者
pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among
管理者 使…远离
the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from
the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.
律师事务所
In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs
and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology
职业经理⼈ 聚焦于
and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency.
毕竟 使⾃由化
After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing
their legal professions.America should follow.
英语（一）试题 .5. （共14页）
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1⃣ 2⃣
提出
问题，美
国法律服
务费用高
昂。
3⃣ 4⃣ 5⃣ 6⃣
⻓难句
-
英一
重点词汇
选项解析
2
7 6
2
3
可
考研加油呀！
4
的
分析原因
并给出相 Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a
应解决方 third.
法。 5
7
29
6
考研加油呀！
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-
考研加油呀！
26. Alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofession dueto
因为原文的句子中没有明显的逻辑
[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.原文定位未提及
结构词（如because），故在此用
[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.原文定位未提及 【句意间逻辑】进行判断。
[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.原文定位未提及 因为律师们赚了很多钱，所以诱惑
着学生进入律师行业。
[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.
精准定位
D27. Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American
states?
[A]Highertuitionfeesfor undergraduatestudies.
更高（higher）——绝对词/极端词，
原文信息大乱炖 [B]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations. 只有原文中提到，才有可能是对的
[C]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.
[D]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor. 精准定位
A28. Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom 原因
[A]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.
精准定位
[B]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.原文定位未提及
[C]thesternexamfor would-belawyers.原文定位未提及
[D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism.原文定位未提及
B29. Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered“restrictive”partlybecauseit
[A]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.
[B]bansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession. 因为原文的句子中没有明显的逻辑
结构词（如because），故在此用
[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.
【句意间逻辑】进行判断。
[D]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.
说反了
B30. Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses
[A]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica. 太过于细节
[B]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofession andsolutionstoit.
主旨题
[C]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegaleducation. 太过于细节
[D]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.太过于细节
主旨题错误选项的特点：信息错误或信息过于细节、局部。
27题提到说，法律系统的改革。只有不好的
东西才需要改革，所以就代表着美国的法律
行业出现了问题，和B选项保持一致。
而且ACD三个选项太过于细节了并不能很好
概括主旨。
考研加油呀！
英语（一）试题 .6. （共14页）
-【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享文章主旨：美国律师：被指控罪名成立。
语篇分析：
1⃣ 2⃣
提出问题，美国法律服务费用高昂。
1⃣
提出美国律师业现状，委托人抱怨重重。
2⃣
分析现状原因：法律服务费用高昂，从而引出全文论述主题。
3⃣ 4⃣ 5⃣ 6⃣
分析原因并给出相应解决方法。
3⃣
指出原因之一：法律教育成本过高。
4⃣
提出相应解决办法，改革法律教育体制。
5⃣
指出原因之二：法律行业类似行会性质的限制性所有权结构。
6⃣
考研加油呀！
提出相应解决办法，放宽行业限制。
1⃣
在世界各地，律师⽐任何其他职业的成员都产⽣更多的敌意——可能除了新闻业。但很少有地⽅⽐美国更有
客户投诉的理由。
2⃣
在经济危机前的⼗年中，美国法律服务⽀出的增⻓速度是通货膨胀的两倍。最好的律师建造了摩天⼤楼——
充满了⾦钱，吸引越来越多的学⽣涌⼊法学院。但⼤多数法学院毕业⽣从未找到⼤公司的⼯作。他们中的许多
⼈反⽽成为了那种使侵权系统成为代价⾼昂的噩梦的滋扰诉讼申报⼈。
3⃣
这件事情是由很多原因导致的。⼀是法律教育的成本过⾼。在美国⼤多数州，律师只有⼀条路：在⼀些不相
关的学科上获得四年制本科学位，然后在美国律师协会授权的 200 所法学院中的⼀所获得三年制法律学位，
并为获得律师资格做昂贵的准备考试。这使得今天的普通法学院毕业⽣除了本科⽣债务外还有 100,000 美元的
债务。法学院的债务意味着他们必须⾮常努⼒地⼯作。
4⃣
改⾰系统将有助于律师和他们的客户。明智的想法已经存在了很⻓时间，但管理该⾏业的国家级机构过于保
守⽽⽆法实施。⼀个想法是让⼈们以本科学位的形式学习法律。另⼀个是让学⽣在仅仅两年的法学院就读吧。
如果律师资格考试对于⼀个想成为律师的⼈来说真的是⼀个⾜够严格的考试，那么应该允许那些可以提前参加
的⼈参加。不需要额外培训的学⽣可以减少三分之⼀的债务。
5⃣
成本如此之⾼的另⼀个原因是企业的限制性⾏会式所有权结构。除哥伦⽐亚特区外，⾮律师不得拥有律师事
务所的任何股份。这使得费⽤⾼昂，创新缓慢。⾏业内部存在变⾰压⼒，但监管机构中反对变⾰的⼈坚持认
为，将外部⼈员排除在律师事务所之外会使律师远离赚钱的压⼒，⽽不是道德地为客户服务。
6⃣
全文翻译
考研加油呀！
事实上，允许⾮律师持有律师事务所的股份，将通过⿎励律师事务所使⽤技术和聘请职业经理⼈专注于提⾼
事务所效率来降低成本并改善对客户的服务。毕竟，澳⼤利亚和英国等其他国家已经开始放开他们的法律职
业。美国应该效仿。【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
⻓难句
英一
重点词汇
选项解析 Text3
基础物理学奖
The US$3-million Fundamental Physics Prize is indeed an interesting
experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this year’s award in
远⾮
⼀连串 利润丰厚的 discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the
Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are
由…资助 巨额银⾏存款
funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.
捐助者
These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want
吸引对…的注意⼒
to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.
少数
What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in
新闻专题 ⾦钱买不来地位 暴富的
the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart
entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels. The new awards
活动 ⾃我宣传
are an exercise in self-promotion for those behind them, say scientists. They could
dis 扭 to 曲 rt the achievement-based system of pe同er⾏-r评ev审iew-led research. They could
现状
cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed
使持续
research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.
分散的
The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to
在事业上有所成就
⼀些关于…的合理担忧
As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about
分配
in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the
接受者
life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per
⻓得太⼤了⽽不适⽤
prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the
合⼒的
collaborative nature of modern research – as will be demonstrated by the
争论 涉及…的时候
inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery
设⽴
of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich
individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time,
rather than intention, has given them legitimacy. 合法性
尽管很 对…抱怨
As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things
seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered
one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to
⽽不是 机制
science rather than go elsewhere. It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism
毕竟
– that is the culture of research, after all – but it is the prize-givers’money to do
with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gra 感 ti 激 tude and g优ra雅ce.
英语（一）试题 .7. （共14页）
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1⃣
引出现
象：近年 March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in
来科研界 Nature
涌现出许
多新奖
项。
2⃣ 3⃣ 4⃣
讨
论现象：
加强，巩固
分别论述
批评者对
新奖项的
shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have
看法，新
made their careers in research.
奖项设立
目的以及
how science prizes – both new and old – are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize
新旧奖项
的局限
性。
5⃣
⼀
1
励
2
2
考研加油呀！
3
Ψ
厉
励
5 后
5
明确新
奖项的态
度：值得
接受。
考研加油呀！
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B31. TheFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisseenas
[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’wealth.
[B]ahandsomerewardfor researchers.
[C]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrizes.
[D]anexampleofbankers’investments.
c 32. Thecriticsthinkthatthenewawardswillmostbenefit
[A]theprofit-orientedscientists. 第二段最后几句意思是： 新奖项可能会扭曲(distort)基于成
[B]theachievement-basedsystem. 果的、以同行评审为导向的科研体系；既然整个体系受损,那
么体系下的“同行评审导向的研究”也不可能受益，所以B和
[C]thefoundersofthenewawards.
D直接排除。
[D]peer-review-ledresearch.
第二段蓝色横线处是科学家直接说，的话，对他们对新奖项的
态度是批评的，所以科学家也不可能获利。
c33. ThediscoveryoftheHiggsbosonisatypicalcasewhichinvolves
[A]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprizes.
例子题
[B]controversiesover therecipients’status. 例子题看例子前后的观点句。
[C]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers. 破折号前面就是这个例子的观点句。
[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.
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B34. AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheNobels?
[A]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.
[B]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem. 只有B和D沾边。
[C]They arethemostrepresentativehonor.
[D]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.
D35. Theauthorbelievesthatthenewawardsare
[A]unworthyofpublicattention. 32题干说批评家们对新奖项的态度是怎么样的，就
[B]subjecttoundesirablechanges. 说明批评家们是多数人的看法。
作者通常都是少数派，所以作者对于这个奖项的态
[C]harmfultothecultureofresearch.
度应该是在批评家的对立面，只有D选项符合。
[D]acceptabledespitethecriticism.
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英语（一）试题 .8. （共14页）
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→文章主旨：科学界涌现新奖项。
语篇分析：
1⃣
引出现象：近年来科研界涌现出许多新奖项。
2⃣ 3⃣ 4⃣
讨论现象：分别论述批评者对新奖项的看法，新奖项设立目的以及
新旧奖项的局限性。
2⃣
介绍少数科学家对新奖项的质疑。
3⃣
介绍新奖项被设立的目的。
4⃣
分析新旧奖项共同的局限性：分配不合理。
5⃣
考研加油呀！
明确新奖项的态度：值得接受。
1⃣
300 万美元的基础物理学奖确实是⼀个有趣的实验，正如亚历⼭⼤·波利亚科夫在 3 ⽉份接受今年的奖项时
所说的那样。它远⾮唯⼀的⼀种。正如《⾃然》杂志的⼀篇新闻专题⽂章所讨论的，近年来，⼀系列为研究⼈
员提供的丰厚奖励已加⼊诺⻉尔奖。许多项⽬，如基础物理学奖，都是由互联⽹企业家的电话号码⼤⼩的银⾏
账户资助的。他们说，这些恩⼈在他们选择的领域取得了成功，他们想利⽤⾃⼰的财富来吸引⼈们对那些在科
学领域取得成功的⼈的关注。
2⃣
有什么不喜欢的？根据新闻专题中引⽤的少数科学家的说法，很多。俗话说，你买不到阶级，这些新贵的企
业家也买不到诺⻉尔奖的声望。科学家们说，新奖项是对他们背后的⼈进⾏⾃我推销的⼀种练习。它们可能会
扭曲以成就为基础的以同⾏评审为主导的研究体系。他们可以巩固同⾏评审研究的现状。他们不资助同⾏评审
的研究。他们延续了孤独天才的神话。
3⃣
颁奖者的⽬标似乎和批评⼀样分散。有些⼈想要震惊，有些⼈想要吸引⼈们进⼊科学领域，或者更好地奖励
那些在研究领域取得成就的⼈。
4⃣
正如《⾃然》杂志之前所指出的，⼈们对科学奖——⽆论新旧——的分配⽅式存在⼀些合理的担忧。今年推
出的⽣命科学突破奖对⽣命科学所包含的内容采取了不具代表性的观点。但是，诺⻉尔基⾦会对每个奖项的三
名获奖者的限制，每个⼈都必须仍然活着，⻓期以来，现代研究的合作性质已经超出了这⼀点——这将在承认
这⼀发现时不可避免地争论谁被忽视希格斯玻⾊⼦。当然，诺⻉尔奖是由⼀个⾮常富有的⼈⾃⼰设⽴的，他决
定⽤⾃⼰的钱做什么。时间，⽽不是意图，赋予了他们合法性。
5⃣
全文翻译
考研加油呀！
尽管⼀些科学家可能会抱怨新奖项，但有两件事似乎很清楚。⾸先，如果有⼈给他们⼀个奖品，⼤多数研究
⼈员都会接受这样的奖品。其次，⾦钱和注意⼒投向科学⽽不是其他地⽅⽆疑是⼀件好事。批评和质疑这种机
制是公平的——毕竟这就是研究⽂化——但获奖者的钱可以随⼼所欲地使⽤。带着感激和优雅的⼼情接受这些
礼物是明智的。【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
⻓难句
英一
重点词汇
Text4
选项解析
“The Heart of the Matter,” the just-released report by the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), dese值rv得es赞p扬raise for aff 确 ir 认 ming the importance of the
humaniti ⼈ es ⽂ a 与 n 社 d 会 so 科 c 学 ial sciences to the prosperity and security of libera⾃l由d⺠em主o制cracy
in America. R令e⼈gr遗et憾ta地bly, however, the report’s failure to ad处dr理ess the t真ru实e本n质ature of
⼈⽂教育 招致更多损害⽽⾮好处
the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.
In 2010, leading co国ng会re的ssional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the
AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by “federal, state and local
个⼈捐助者
governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others”
to “maintain national exc优e点llence in humanities and social scientific scholarship
and education.” In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on
the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are
顶尖⼤学校⻓ 企业⾼管
top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives,
aswellasprom重in要e⼈nt物figuresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking, musicandjournalism.
The goals identified in the report are generally a值dm得i赞ra扬b的le. Because
representati 代 v 议 e 制 go 政 v 府 ernment pre 预 su 先 p 设 po 定 ses an in开fo明rm的e公d⺠c群it体izenry, the report supports
全⺠教育
full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American
数字技术
history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital
technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls呼吁for
increased investment in research, the cr精af制ting of cohe连re贯nt的c课u程rricula that improve
students’ ability to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st
century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring
their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates
国际事务
greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study
abroad programs.
Unf留o学rtu项n⽬ately, despite 21/ years in 在 th 发 e 展 m 中 aking, “The Heart of the Matter”
2
never gets to the直h击ea问rt题o核f⼼the matter: th缺e少ill⼈ib⽂e教ra育l n的ature of liberal education at our
leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades
America’s colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the
content and character of liberal education and are thus被d剥ep夺rived of its benefits.
Sadly, the spirit of in调q查uiry once a驾t轻ho就m熟e on campus has been replaced by the use
⼯具 进步的
left-liberal propaganda.
Today, professors 例ro⾏ut公in事el地y treat the progressive interpretation of history and
描述
progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative
or classical lib ⼈ er ⽂ al 思 i 想 deas – such as free⾃由m市ar场kets and se ⾃ lf- ⼒ re 更 li ⽣ ance – as falling
outsidetheboundariesofroutine,andsometimeslegitimate,intellectualinvestigation.
The AAAS dis展pl示ays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may
阻碍 掩盖 …深度和⼴度
well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that
阐明
英语（一）试题 .9. （共14页）
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1⃣
AAAS报
告虽值得
表扬，却
可能弊大
于利。
2⃣
补充
AAAS报告
的生成背
景。
3⃣ 4⃣ 5⃣
阐
明观点
6⃣
⼀
一分为二
1
巨
2
厉
3
排除A
后
排除B 8
排除D
考研加油呀！
Ψ
升华观 of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing “progressive,” or
点：AAAS
5
虽对人文
教育极为 T
39
热情，但
,
其报告并 6
未深刻全
Congressaskedittoilluminate.
面阐明问
题，很可
考研加油呀！
能阻碍改
革。
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A36. AccordingtoParagraph1,whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardtheAAAS’sreport?
[A]Critical.
贬义
褒义 [B]Appreciative.
[C]Contemptuous.
贬义
[D]Tolerant.
陪跑选项
目的
D37. InfluentialfiguresintheCongressrequiredthattheAAASreportonhowto do sth
[A]definethegovernment’sroleineducation.
具体信息，排除
[B]safeguardindividuals’rightstoeducation.
具体信息，排除
具体信息，排除 [C]retainpeople’sinterestinliberaleducation.
[D]keepaleadingpositioninliberaleducation.
满分技巧1: 哲理性选项（没有具体信息、很虚的选项）比具体事情选项出错概率小。
c 38. AccordingtoParagraph3,thereportsuggests
[A]anexclusivestudyofAmericanhistory.
[B]agreateremphasisontheoreticalsubjects.
[C]theapplicationofemergingtechnologies.
[D]fundingfor thestudyofforeignlanguages.
考研加油呀！
c39. TheauthorimpliesinParagraph5thatprofessorsare
[A]supportiveoffreemarkets.
第五段指出教授们认为古典人文思想属
[B]conservativeaboutpublicpolicy.
于非常规、非正当合理的学术研究范
主旨做题法 [C]biasedagainstclassicalliberalideas. 主旨相关 围，而作者对人文思想是持积极肯定态
度。由此可知，作者实质暗示教授们对
[D]cautiousaboutintellectualinvestigation.
古典人文思想持有偏见。选择C。
B40. Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?
[A]WaystoGrasp“TheHeartoftheMatter”
主旨题 [B]IlliberalEducationand“TheHeartoftheMatter” 主旨相关
[C]TheAAAS’sContributiontoLiberalEducation
[D]Progressive Policyvs. LiberalEducation
考研加油呀！
英语（一）试题 .10. （共14页）
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语篇分析：
1⃣
AAAS报告虽值得表扬，却可能弊大于利。
2⃣
补充AAAS报告的生成背景。
3⃣ 4⃣ 5⃣
阐明观点
3⃣
阐明报告值得赞扬的地方。
4⃣ 5⃣
阐明报告未触及问题核心：人文教育非人文。
6⃣
考研加油呀！
升华观点：AAAS虽对人文教育极为热情，但其报告并未深刻全面阐明
问题，很可能阻碍改革。
1⃣
美国艺术与科学学院 (AAAS) 刚刚发布的报告《The Heart of the Matter》值得称赞，因为它肯定了⼈⽂和
社会科学对美国⾃由⺠主的繁荣和安全的重要性。然⽽，令⼈遗憾的是，该报告未能解决通识教育⾯临的危机的
真正性质，可能弊⼤于利。
2⃣
2010 年，主要的国会⺠主党⼈和共和党⼈致信 AAAS，要求其确定“联邦、州和地⽅政府、⼤学、基⾦会、
教育⼯作者、个⼈捐助者和其他⼈”可以采取的⾏动，以“保持国家在⼈⽂和社会科学学术和教育。”作为回应，
美国科学院成⽴了⼈⽂社会科学委员会。该委员会的 51 名成员中有⼀流的⼤学校⻓、学者、律师、法官和企业
⾼管，以及外交、电影制作、⾳乐和新闻界的知名⼈⼠。
3⃣
报告中确定的⽬标总体上令⼈钦佩。由于代议制政府以知情的公⺠为前提，因此该报告⽀持全⾯识字；强调
历史和政府的研究，特别是美国历史和美国政府；并⿎励使⽤新的数字技术。为了⿎励创新和竞争，报告呼吁增
加对研究的投资，制定连贯的课程，以提⾼学⽣在 21 世纪解决问题和有效沟通的能⼒，增加对教师的资助，并
⿎励学者将他们的学习带到承担当今的巨⼤挑战。报告还提倡更多地学习外语、国际事务和扩⼤留学项⽬。
4⃣
不幸的是，尽管制作了 21/2 年，“问题的核⼼”从未触及问题的核⼼：我们领先的学院和⼤学的⾃由教育的
不⾃由本质。该委员会忽视了⼏⼗年来美国的学院和⼤学培养的毕业⽣不了解通识教育的内容和性质，因此被剥
夺了⾃由教育的好处。可悲的是，曾经在家中校园的探究精神已被⼈⽂和社会科学作为宣传“进步”或左翼⾃由主
义宣传的⼯具所取代。
5⃣
今天，教授们通常将历史的进步解释和进步的公共政策视为适当的研究主题，同时将保守或古典⾃由主义思
想——如⾃由市场和⾃⼒更⽣——描述为超出常规的、有时是合法的知识分⼦的界限。调查。
6⃣
全文翻译
考研加油呀！
美国科学促进会对通识教育表现出极⼤的热情。然⽽，它的报告很可能会因为掩盖国会要求它阐明的挑战的
深度和⼴度⽽阻碍改⾰。
