Text1
What would you do with $590m? This is now a question for Gloria
寡妇 摆脱
acKenzie, an 84-year-old widow who recently emerged from her small,
铁⽪房顶的 完整的 彩票头奖
新到⼿的财富 产⽣ 持久的 满⾜感
不妨试试
⾼校⽼师 ⼀系列
These two academics use an array of behavioral research to show that the
有益的 违反直觉的 幻想
most rewarding ways to spend money can be counterintuitive. Fantasies of great
想象 昂贵的 夸张的
wealth often involve visions of fancy cars and extravagant homes. Yet satisfaction
很快消失殆尽
with these material purchases wears off fairly quickly. What was once exciting
悄然⽽⾄ 做…则要好许多
and new becomes old-hat; regret creeps in. It is far better to spend money on
experiences, say Ms Dunn and Mr Norton, like interesting trips, unique meals or
even going to the cinema. These purchases often become more valuable with time
as stories or memories – particularly if they involve feeling more connected to
薄薄的书卷 挤满 靠⼯资吃饭的⼈
This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery
所做的努⼒值得
winners get the most “happiness bang for your buck.” It seems most people would
过得更好 通勤
be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work, spend more time with
friends and family and less of it watching television (something the average
巨⼤的 因为…感到⾼兴的
American spends a whopping two months a year doing, and is hardly jollier for it).
Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing things
节俭地 for oneself, and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.
限制对…的获取
This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular
令⼈痴迷之物
McRib – a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of
obsession.
特权群体
Readers of Happy Money are clearly a privileged lot, anxious about fulfilment,
不⾜
world, and scarcity enhances the pleasure of most things for most people. Not
批准
everyone will agree with the authors’ policy ideas, which range from mandating
激励
more holiday time to reducing tax incentives for American homebuyers. But most
离开时留下印象
people will come away from this book believing it was money well spent.
英语(二)试题 .3. (共14页)
【微信公众号:陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
1⃣
引出本
文评论对
M
象:关于
如何让财 tin-roofed house in Florida to collect the biggest undivided lottery jackpot in
富带来长 history. If she hopes her new-found fortune will yield lasting feelings of fulfilment,
久满足感 she could do worse than read Happy Money by Elizabeth Dunn and Michael
的《快乐 Norton.
金钱》一
书。
2⃣ 3⃣
介绍
书中主要 –
观点及建 others.
议。
4⃣ ⻓难句
重点词汇 英二
选项解析
1
2
ㄒ
21
排除D
考研加油呀!
3
亿
后
3
作者集 4
中对《快 not hunger. Money may not quite buy happiness, but people in wealthier countries
乐金钱》 are generally happier than those in poor ones. Yet the link between feeling good
一书展开 and spending money on others can be seen among rich and poor people around the
评论。
ㄒ
24
考研加油呀!
-B
21. According to Dunn and Norton, which of the following is the most rewarding
purchase?
[A]Abighouse.
原文定位未提及
[B]Aspecialtour. 精准定位
[C]Astylishcar.
原文定位未提及
[D]Arichmeal.
A22. Theauthor’sattitudetowardAmericans’watchingTVis________.
[A]critical
少看点电视就是不赞成看电视,
[B]supportive 批判态度。
[C]sympathetic
[D]ambiguous
D23.McRibismentionedinParagraph3toshowthat_______.
[A]consumersaresometimesirrational
原文定位未提及
例子题
[B]popularityusuallycomesafterquality
原文定位未提及
[C]marketingtricksareofteneffective
原文定位未提及
[D]raritygenerallyincreasespleasure 原文沾边
B 24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney_______.
[A]hasleftmuchroomfor readers’criticism 原文定位未提及
[B]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase
[C]haspredictedawiderincomegap intheUS 原文定位未提及
[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement 原文定位未提及
考研加油呀!
c 25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto______.
[A]balancefeelinggood andspendingmoney
BD太过于细节,排除。
[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries A,文章侧重于花“快乐”钱,而不是平
衡快乐和花钱,主旨偏差,排除。
[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent
[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxuries
主旨题错误选项的特点:信息错误或信息过于细节、局部。
考研加油呀!
英语(二)试题 .4. (共14页)
-
【微信公众号:陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享文章主旨:金钱与快乐:更明智的花钱方式。
语篇分析:
1⃣
引出本文评论对象:关于如何让财富带来长久满足感的《快乐金钱》
一书。
2⃣ 3⃣
介绍书中主要观点及建议。
2⃣
指出书中观点:购买体验比购买物质,更能让人获得长久满足感。
3⃣
进一步介绍书中建议。
4⃣
考研加油呀!
作者集中对《快乐金钱》一书展开评论。
1⃣
你会⽤ 5.9 亿美元做什么?现在这是 Gloria MacKenzie 的⼀个问题,她是⼀位 84 岁的寡妇,她最近从
佛罗⾥达州的⼩铁⽪屋顶房⼦⾥出来,收集历史上最⼤的未分割彩票头奖。如果她希望她新获得的财富能带来
持久的满⾜感,她可能会⽐阅读伊丽莎⽩邓恩和迈克尔诺顿的《快乐⾦钱》更糟糕。
2⃣
这两位学者使⽤⼀系列⾏为研究表明,最有价值的花钱⽅式可能是违反直觉的。对巨额财富的幻想通常包
括对豪⻋和豪宅的幻想。然⽽,对这些材料购买的满意度很快就消失了。曾经令⼈兴奋的新事物变成了旧帽
⼦;后悔悄悄地蔓延开来。邓恩⼥⼠和诺顿先⽣说,花钱买体验要好得多,⽐如有趣的旅⾏、独特的饭菜,甚
⾄去电影院。随着时间的推移,这些购买往往会变得更有价值,因为它们会成为故事或回忆——尤其是当它们
涉及到与他⼈的联系更紧密的时候。
3⃣
这本⼩册⼦包含了帮助⼯资奴⾪和彩票中奖者获得最⼤“物有所值”的技巧。似乎⼤多数⼈如果能缩短上班
的通勤时间,花更多的时间与朋友和家⼈在⼀起,少看电视(美国⼈平均每年要花两个⽉的时间做这件事,⽽
且⼏乎不会为此感到⾼兴),情况似乎会更好)。买礼物或捐给慈善机构往往⽐给⾃⼰买东⻄更令⼈愉快,⽽
奢侈品在节制消费时最令⼈愉快。这显然是⻨当劳限制其⼴受欢迎的 McRib 供应的原因——⼀种将猪⾁三明
治变成痴迷对象的营销技巧。
4⃣
全文翻译
考研加油呀!
《快乐⾦钱》的读者显然是特权阶层,他们急于实现,⽽不是饥饿。⾦钱或许不能完全买到幸福,但富裕
国家的⼈通常⽐贫穷国家的⼈更幸福。然⽽,在世界各地的富⼈和穷⼈中可以看到感觉良好和为他⼈花钱之间
的联系,⽽稀缺性增强了⼤多数⼈对⼤多数事物的乐趣。不是每个⼈都会同意作者的政策理念,从规定更多的
假期时间到减少对美国购房者的税收优惠。但是⼤多数⼈会离开这本书,认为这是物有所值的钱。⻓难句
英二
重点词汇
选项解析 Text2
以实验为根据的
An article in Scientific American has pointed out that empirical research says
that, actually, you think you’re more beautiful than you are. We have a
de 根 ep 深 - 蒂 se 固 at 的 ed need to feel go ⾃ o 我 d 感 a 觉 bo 良 ut 好 ourselves and we naturally em使p⽤loy a number
of se ⾃ lf- 我 en 提 h 升 an 的 cing strategies to achieve this. Social psy ⼼ ch 理 o 学 lo 家 gists have ama聚s集sed
ce海a量ns的of research into what they call the “above ⾼于 av 平 er 均 ag 效 e 应 effect”, or “il 虚 lu 假 so 的 ry
sup优er越io感rity”, and shown that, for example, 70% of us rate ourselves as above
average in leadership, 93% in driving and 85% at getting on well with others – all
obviously statistical impossibilities. 与他⼈相处融洽
精视、美化 We rose-tint our memories and put ourselves into self-affirming situations.
戒备的 刻板印象 We become defensive when criticised, and apply negative stereotypes to others to
增强⾃⼰的⾃尊 昂⾸阔步地⾛ ⾮凡的⼈物 oost our own esteem. We stalk around thinking we’re hot stuff.
监督
Psychologist and behavioural scientist Nicholas Epley oversaw a key study
⾃我强化
into self-enhancement and attractiveness. Rather than have people simply rate
与…相⽐ 识别
their beauty compared with others, he asked them to identify an original
阵容
photograph of themselves from a lineup including versions that had been altered
⾯部识别
to appear more and less attractive. Visual recognition, reads the study, is “an
automatic psychological process, occurring rapidly and intuitively with little or no
刻意地深思熟虑
apparent conscious deliberation”. If the subjects quickly chose a falsely flattering
mage–which most did–they ge真nu诚in地ely believed it was really how th 讨 ey 好 l 的 ooked.
Epley found no significant gender difference in responses. Nor was there any
evidence that those who self-enhanced the most (that is, the participants who
篡改,伪造 弥补
thought the most positively doctored pictures were real) were doing so to make up
深刻的
for profound insecurities. In fact, those who thought that the images higher up the
符合 attractiveness scale were real directly corresponded with those who showed other
markers for having higher self-esteem. “I don’t think the findings that we have are
any evidence of personal delu错s觉ion,” says Epley. “It’s a reflection simply of people
赞赏 沮丧的
generally thinking well of themselves.” If you are depressed, you won’t be
self-enhancing.
有意义
Knowing the results of Epley’s study, it makes sense that many people hate
发⾃肺腑地 在某种程度上
photographs of themselves viscerally – on one level, they don’t even recognise the
person in the picture as themselves. Facebook, therefore, is a self-enhancer’s
…的精华部分 paradise, where people can share only the most flattering photos, the cream of
⻛趣 智⼒ 印象 their wit, style, beauty, intellect and lifestyles. It’s not that people’s profiles are
dishonest, says Catalina Toma of Wisconsin-Madison University, “but they
描绘 把…理想化
ortray an idealised version of themselves.”
英语(二)试题 .5. (共14页)
【微信公众号:陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
1⃣
借研究
结论引出
全文主
题,人们 o
往往自视
过高。
2⃣
介绍人
们自视过
高的表现 b
形式。
3⃣ 4⃣
详细
介绍研究
i
的具体情
况:方
式、主
题、结果
及结论。
5⃣
1
1 6
2
考研加油呀!
2
3
7
7
2
4
排除A
ㄒ 8
2
排除D
排除C
5
平
重申主
旨:自我 百
拉抬,属 。
于人的本
能行为。 p
考研加油呀!
-A
26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologistshavefound that______.
[A]ourself-ratingsareunrealisticallyhigh
精准定位
原文定位未提及[B]illusorysuperiorityisabaselesseffect
原文定位未提及[C]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural
原文定位未提及 [D]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective
考研加油呀!
C27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople’s______.
[A]rapidmatching
[B]consciouschoice
[C]intuitive response 精准定位
[D]automaticself-defence
B28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto______.
[A]underestimatetheirinsecurities虽然第一个蓝色横线处并没有提到Epley说的话,但是这一段都在
表达他的观点,所以可以定位到第一个蓝色横线处。但不一定所
[B]believeintheirattractiveness
有人都可以读懂这句话,按照“内容做题法”ABCD四个选项的
[C]coveruptheirdepressions 名词只有B选项出现在原文中,所以可以直接选B。
[D]oversimplify theirillusions 同时往后看,引用他的话的后半段,Epley直接表达观点的句子,
也是同样可以判断出赞赏、欣赏他们自己的意思,所以也是可以
选择B选项。
A29.Theword “viscerally”(Line2,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto_____.
[A]instinctively
横线单词所在的那一句话,前后句子间的逻辑上保持一致,方向并没有改
词汇题 [B]occasionally
变,所以横线处词汇,应该选一个和前后文态度保持一致的词语。BD修饰
[C]particularly 文中“讨厌他们自己”逻辑不通,排除。
只有A和C沾边。又因为词汇题应该选一个程度较轻的,所以选择A选项。
[D]aggressively
(因为原文说,他们讨厌自己,如果他们非常讨厌自己,太过于偏激
了。)
D30. It can be inferred that Facebook is a self-enhancer’s paradise because people
can_____.
定位到最后一段第二句。
具体信息,排除 [A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles A选项,原文中并没有提到不诚实的一面,排除。
B选项,原文说的是展现生活方式,而选项说的是定义他们
具体信息,排除 [B]definetheirtraditionallifestyles 传统的生活方式,排除。
具体信息,排除 [C]sharetheirintellectualpursuits C选项,原文说的是展示他们智慧的一面,选项说的是分享
他们的知识追求,排除。
无具体内容 [D]withholdtheirunflatteringsides
D选项用“二分法思维”,原文说,Facebook是展现人们谄
媚、虚荣的一面;意思就是说,不虚荣的一面就被掩盖起来
了,与选项意思一致。
满分技巧1: 哲理性选项(没有具体信息、很虚的选项)比具体事情选项出错概率小。
考研加油呀!
英语(二)试题 .6. (共14页)
【微信公众号:陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
-文章主旨:我们自视过高是源于本能。
语篇分析:
1⃣
借研究结论引出全文主题,人们往往自视过高。
2⃣
介绍人们自视过高的表现形式。
3⃣ 4⃣
详细介绍研究的具体情况:方式、主题、结果及结论。
3⃣
自我拉抬是本能的心理行为。
4⃣
借分析研究结论说明,人们本质上就是自视过高。
5⃣
考研加油呀!
重申主旨:自我拉抬,属于人的本能行为。
1⃣
《科学美国⼈》的⼀篇⽂章指出,实证研究表明,实际上,你认为⾃⼰⽐实际更漂亮。我们有⼀种对⾃⼰感
觉良好的根深蒂固的需求,我们⾃然会采⽤许多⾃我提升的策略来实现这⼀⽬标。社会⼼理学家对他们所谓的
“⾼于平均⽔平的效果”或“虚幻的优越感”,并表明,例如,70% 的⼈认为⾃⼰在领导⼒⽅⾯⾼于平均⽔平,
93% 的⼈认为⾃⼰的驾驶能⼒⾼于平均⽔平,85% 的⼈认为⾃⼰与他⼈相处融洽——这在统计上显然是不可
能的。
2⃣
我们为⾃⼰的记忆增添⾊彩,让⾃⼰陷⼊⾃我肯定的境地。当受到批评时,我们会变得防御,并对他⼈施加
负⾯的刻板印象以提⾼⾃⼰的⾃尊。我们四处⾛动,认为我们是热⻔的东⻄。
3⃣
⼼理学家和⾏为科学家 Nicholas Epley 监督了⼀项关于⾃我提升和吸引⼒的关键研究。他并没有让⼈们简
单地评价⾃⼰与他⼈的美貌,⽽是要求他们从⼀系列照⽚中找出⼀张⾃⼰的原始照⽚,其中包括经过修改以使
其看起来越来越有吸引⼒的照⽚。该研究称,视觉识别是“⼀种⾃动的⼼理过程,在很少或根本没有明显的有
意识的深思熟虑的情况下迅速⽽直观地发⽣”。如果受试者很快选择了⼀个虚假的讨⼈喜欢的图像——⼤多数
⼈都这样做了——他们真的相信这就是他们看起来的样⼦。
4⃣
Epley 发现反应中没有显着的性别差异。也没有任何证据表明那些⾃我增强最多的⼈(即认为最正⾯篡改的
照⽚是真实的参与者)这样做是为了弥补严重的不安全感。事实上,那些认为吸引⼒量表更⾼的图像是真实的
⼈与那些表现出其他⾃尊更⾼的标记的⼈直接对应。 “我不认为我们的发现是个⼈妄想的任何证据,”Epley
说。 “这只是⼈们普遍认为⾃⼰很好的反映。”如果你情绪低落,你就不会⾃我提升。
5⃣
全文翻译
考研加油呀!
了解 Epley 的研究结果后,许多⼈从本能地讨厌⾃⼰的照⽚是有道理的——在某种程度上,他们甚⾄不承
认照⽚中的⼈就是他们⾃⼰。因此,Facebook 是⾃我提升者的天堂,⼈们在这⾥只能分享最讨⼈喜欢的照
⽚,他们的智慧、⻛格、美丽、智慧和⽣活⽅式的精华。威斯康星-⻨迪逊⼤学的 Catalina Toma 说,并不是
⼈们的个⼈资料不诚实,“⽽是他们描绘了⾃⼰的理想化版本。⻓难句
英二
重点词汇
选项解析 Text3
The concept of man versus machine is at least as old as the industrial
revolution, but this phenomenon tends to be most acutely felt during economic
downturns and fragile recoveries. And yet, it would be a mistake to think we are
ight now simply experiencing the painful side of a boom and bust cycle. Certain
jobs have gone away for good, outmoded by machines. Since technology has such
an insatiable appetite for eating up human jobs, this phenomenon will continue to
restructure our economy in ways we cannot immediately foresee.
When there is rapid improvement in the price and performance of technology,
jobs that were once thought to be immune from automation suddenly become
threatened. This argument has attracted a lot of attention, via the success of the
book Race Against the Machine, by Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee, who
both hail from MIT’s Center for Digital Business.
This is a powerful argument, and a scary one. And yet, John Hagel, author of
he Power of Pull and other books, says Brynjolfsson and McAfee miss the
reason why these jobs are so vulnerable to technology in the first place.
Hagel says we have designed jobs in the U.S. that tend to be “tightly scripted”
and “highly standardized” ones that leave no room for “individual initiative or
creativity”. In short, these are the types of jobs that machines can perform much
better at than human beings. That is how we have put a giant target sign on the
backs of American workers, Hagel says.
It’s time to reinvent the formula for how work is conducted, since we are still
relying on a very 20th century notion of work, Hagel says. In our rapidly changing
economy, we more than ever need people in the workplace who can take initiative
and exercise their imagination “to respond to unexpected events”. That is not
something machines are good at. They are designed to perform very predictable
activities.
As Hagel notes, Brynjolfsson and McAfee indeed touched on this point in
their book. We need to reframe race against the machine as race with the machine.
In other words, we need to look at the ways in which machines can augment
human labor rather than replace it. So then the problem is not really about
technology, but rather, “how do we innovate our institutions and our work
practices?”
英语(二)试题 .7. (共14页)
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1⃣
提出本
r
文现象:
人机矛盾
加剧。
2⃣ 3⃣ 4⃣
分
析现象。 T
5⃣ 6⃣
⼈机⽭盾 卧 1
剧烈地
经济下滑复苏乏⼒
繁荣与萧条循环周期
消失 过时
对…贪得⽆厌 吃光
重构经济 预⻅
性能
2 2
免疫的
来⾃
考研加油呀!
有⼒的观点 恐怖的 3
易受攻击的 起初
脚本化的
Ψ
标准的 不留任何余地 个⼈主动性 3
简⽽⾔之 更擅⻓
彻底改造 ⽅案 执⾏
5
概念
发挥主动性 励
运⽤想象⼒ 应对突发事件
应对
问题:我
们应彻底
指出 谈及
6
改变现有
重新组织
工作模
增加
式,并改
变对人机
创新 制度
矛盾的看
法。
考研加油呀!
→B31. Accordingtothefirstparagraph,economicdownturnswould .
[A]easethecompetitionofmanvs.machine
只有AB两个选项提到了人机大战,但是
[B]highlightmachines’threattohumanjobs 蓝色横线句子后半段说,在经济衰退的
时期,人们会更加剧烈的感受到人机大
[C]provokeapainfultechnologicalrevolution
战之间的冲突。
[D]outmodeourcurrenteconomicstructure
A选项和句子意思,完全相反排除。
A
32. TheauthorsofRaceAgainst theMachinearguethat .
[A]technology isdiminishingman’sjobopportunities
贬义 由31题知道机器对人类的工作工作产生
褒义 [B]automationisacceleratingtechnologicaldevelopment 了威胁,只有A选项和文章主旨保持一
致。
褒义 [C]certainjobswillremainintactafterautomation
褒义 [D]manwillfinallywintheraceagainstmachine
D33. HagelarguesthatjobsintheU.S.areoften .
考研加油呀!
[A]performedbyinnovativeminds
原文说,没有给个人创造力留下任何的空
[B]scriptedwithanindividualstyle
间,也就是说违背了人类的创造性地。所
[C]standardizedwithoutacleartarget 原文定位未提及以选择D选项。
A B两个选项和原文意思相反。排除。
[D]designedagainsthumancreativity
D
34. Accordingtothelastparagraph,BrynjolfssonandMcAfeediscussed .
[A]thepredictabilityofmachinebehaviorinpractice
[B]theformulaforhowworkisconductedefficiently
[C]thewaysmachinesreplacehumanlaborinmoderntimes
[D]thenecessityofhumaninvolvementintheworkplace
精准定位
c
35. Whichofthefollowingcouldbethemostappropriatetitlefor thetext?
[A]HowtoInnovateOurWorkPractices? 具体信息,排除
文章主旨主要是和人机大
主旨题
[B]MachinesWillReplaceHumanLabor
战相关,只有B C两个选项
[C]CanWeWintheRaceAgainstMachines? 谈论到,排除AD。
B选项和文章主旨相反,排
[D]EconomicDownturnsStimulateInnovations
具体信息,排除 除。
C选项,因为选项是个问
句,所以不管人类赢还是
满分技巧1: 哲理性选项(没有具体信息、很虚的选项)比具体事情选项出错概率小。
机器赢,无论答案是什
么,C选项都是正确的。
考研加油呀!
英语(二)试题 .8. (共14页)
→【微信公众号:陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享文章主旨:我们能赢得与机器的竞赛吗?
语篇分析:
全文翻译
考研加油呀!
1⃣
提出本文现象:人机矛盾加剧。
2⃣ 3⃣ 4⃣
分析现象。
2⃣
说明人机矛盾加剧的表层原因:机器正加速超越取代人类劳动力。
3⃣ 4⃣
说明人机矛盾加剧的根本原因:我们现有工作模式存在问题,工作
本身具有脆弱性。
5⃣ 6⃣
考研加油呀!
应对问题:我们应彻底改变现有工作模式,并改变对人机矛盾的看
法。
1⃣
⼈与机器的概念⾄少与⼯业⾰命⼀样古⽼,但在经济衰退和脆弱的复苏期间,这种现象往往最为强烈。然
⽽,如果认为我们现在只是在经历繁荣和萧条周期的痛苦⼀⾯,那就⼤错特错了。某些⼯作已经永远消失了,
被机器淘汰了。由于技术对吞噬⼈类⼯作的胃⼝如此之⼤,这种现象将继续以我们⽆法⽴即预⻅的⽅式重组我
们的经济。
2⃣
当技术的价格和性能迅速提⾼时,曾经被认为不受⾃动化影响的⼯作突然受到威胁。通过来⾃麻省理⼯学院
数字商业中⼼的 Erik Brynjolfsson 和 Andrew McAfee 所著的 Race Against the Machine ⼀书的成功,这
⼀论点引起了很多关注。
3⃣
这是⼀个强有⼒的论点,也是⼀个可怕的论点。然⽽,《拉动的⼒量》和其他书籍的作者约翰·哈格尔说,
Brynjolfsson 和迈克菲⾸先错过了这些⼯作如此容易受到技术影响的原因,哈格尔说,我们在美国设计的⼯作
往往“紧脚本化的”和“⾼度标准化的”,没有给“个⼈主动性或创造⼒”留下空间。简⽽⾔之,这些是机器可以
⽐⼈类做得更好的⼯作类型。 Hagel 说,这就是我们如何在美国⼯⼈的背上放置⼀个巨⼤的⽬标标志。
4⃣
Hagel 说,是时候重新发明⼯作⽅式的⽅式了,因为我们仍然依赖于 20 世纪的⼯作概念。在我们瞬息万变
的经济中,我们⽐以往任何时候都更需要⼯作场所的⼈能够主动并运⽤他们的想象⼒“应对突发事件”。这不是
机器擅⻓的事情。它们旨在执⾏⾮常可预测的活动。
5⃣
正如 Hagel 所说,Brynjolfsson 和 McAfee 在他们的书中确实提到了这⼀点。我们需要将与机器的竞赛重
新定义为与机器的竞赛。
6⃣
换句话说,我们需要研究机器可以增加⽽不是取代⼈类劳动⼒的⽅式。那么问题不在于技术,⽽在于“我们
如何创新我们的制度和⼯作实践?”⻓难句
英二
重点词汇
Text4
选项解析
基础设施 有助于 When the government talks about infrastructure contributing to the economy
he foc 焦 us 点 i 通 s 常 u 落 su 在 al … ly on roads, railways, bro 宽 a 带 dband and energy. Ho住u宅sing is seldom
entioned.
房地产⾏业 承担过失 排除C
Why is that? To some extent the housing sector must shoulder the blame. We
真实价值
have not been good at communicating the real value that housing can contribute to
排除D
economic growth. Then there is the scale of the typical housing project. It is hard
to sho
挤
ve for attention among multibillio
数 n-⼗
p
亿
ou
磅
n
基
d
础
in
设
f
施
ra
项
str
⽬
ucture projects, so it is
排除A
i⽆ne可vi避ta免bl的e that the attention is focused elsewhere. But perhaps the most significant
命令
reason is that the issue has always been so politically charged.
然⽽ 负担得起的 危急的 候补名单
Nevertheless, the affordable housing situation is desperate. Waiting lists
⼀直
综合开⽀审查
The comprehensive spending review offers an opportunity for the government
改正 将历史偏⻅搁置⼀边 采取⼀些措施
解决我们迫切的住房需求 steps to address our urgent housing need.
迹象
There are some indications that it is preparing to do just that. The
暗示 英国财政⼤⾂
communities minister, Don Foster, has hinted that George Osborne, Chancellor of
实施 灵活性 最⾼限额
the Exchequer, may introduce more flexibility to the current cap on the amount
官⽅ 住房存量债务
that local authorities can borrow against their housing stock debt. Evidence shows
that 60,000 extra new homes could be built over the next five years if the cap
提⾼
were lifted, increasing GDP by 0.6%.
仔细考虑 租赁环境 Ministers should also look at creating greater certainty in the rental
environment, which would have a 对sig…n有if重ic要an影t 响impact on the ability of r 注 eg 册 is 供 te 应 re 者 d
税收
But it is n不ot是j某us⼈t的d责ow任n to the government. While these measures would be
短期内 ⾯对现实
拨款 终⽌ programme of grants to fund new affordable housing, set to expire in 2015, is
unlikely to be extended beyond then. The Labour party has recently announced
保留 联盟
that it will retain a large part of the coalition’s spending plans if it returns to
power. The housing sector needs to accept that we are very unlikely to ever return
适应
to the era of large-scale public grants. We need to adjust to this changing climate.
承诺 ⻓期的
While the government’s commitment to long-term funding may have changed,
迫切的
the very pressing need for more affordable housing is real and is not going away.
英语(二)试题 .9. (共14页)
【微信公众号:陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
1⃣
提出问
题,政府 t
忽视住房
m
对经济的
贡献。
2⃣
分析原
因,房地
产行业自
身付有一
定责任,
但最大问
题在于住 increase all the time and we are simply not building enough new homes.
房建设具
有高度政 to help rectify this. It needs to put historical prejudices to one side and take some
治敏感
性。
3⃣
——
8⃣
1
2
6
3
Ψ
所
考研加油呀!
5
T
38
6
深层次提
T
后9
出问题,
并且从政 providers to fund new developments from revenues.
府方面和 7
房地产行 welcome in the short term, we must face up to the fact that the existing £ 4.5bn T
40
业方面分
别解决相 …的可能性很低
应问题。
8
考研加油呀!精准定位到第二段最后一句,意思是也许最重要的原因是这个
问题,一直以来都受到政治因素的制约,其中这个问题指的就
是住房问题也就是房地产行业。
B36. Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector .
A选项原文说的是住房很难获得关注与原文意思相反,排除。
[A]hasattractedmuchattention
C选项第二段第二句说的是住房房地产行业应该承担一些过
[B]involvescertainpoliticalfactors 失。blame是负面色彩的词汇,C选项中的responsibility更偏向
于正面色彩,所以排除。
[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility
D选项说的是房地产行业失去了他在经济中的真实作用,原文
[D]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy 第二段第三句说的是,我们一直以来我们不是很擅长传达住房
对经济发展所贡献的真实价值,这句话就说明房地产行业是对
经济发展有贡献的。
c 37. Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas .
首先定位到第三段第一句,affordable housing是处在绝望的境
褒义 [A]increaseditshomesupply
地,说明感情色彩是负面的,所以可以把AB排除。
褒义 [B]offeredspendingopportunities CD两个选项都出现了government所以我们可以利用government去
原文反向定位。可以定位到第四段第一句,但是第四段第一句并
贬义 [C]sufferedgovernmentbiases
没有回答问题所问,所以只能往后看。下一句的it指代的就是
[D]disappointedthegovernment
贬义 government。这句意思就是,政府应该把历史偏见放到一边。换
一句话说,就是affordable housing已经遭受到了政府的偏见,所
以选择C选项。
A38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay .
考研加油呀!
[A]allowgreatergovernmentdebtfor housing 精准定位
[B]stoplocalauthoritiesfrom buildinghomes
[C]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt 政府可以借钱,就意味着可以允
许更多的政府住宅债务。
[D]releasealiftedGDPgrowth forecast
c39. Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould .
[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders
原文定位未提及[B]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference
精准定位后,只有AC两个选项沾
[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments 边。其中A选项的“降低成本”为
多余信息,所以选择C选项。
原文定位未提及 [D]relievetheministersofresponsibilities
D40. Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay .
[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing
[B]reviewtheneedfor large-scalepublicgrants
[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme
[D]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector 精准定位
考研加油呀!
英语(二)试题 .10. (共14页)
【微信公众号:陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享文章主旨:综合开支审查可能会扭转房市危机。
语篇分析:
1⃣
提出问题,政府忽视住房对经济的贡献。
2⃣
分析原因,房地产行业自身付有一定责任,但最大问题在于住房建设具
有高度政治敏感性。
3⃣
——
8⃣
深层次提出问题,并且从政府方面和房地产行业方面分别解决相
应问题。
3⃣
提出一个更为严峻的问题,可支付住房形势严峻,严重供不应求。
4⃣
向政府提出总结性建议:要采取措施解决迫切住房需求问题。
5⃣
介绍政府意欲采取的措施。
6⃣
应该增强房屋租赁市场的稳定性。
7⃣
告诫房地产行业不能仅靠政府,自身还要做出调整和努力。
8⃣
考研加油呀!
呼应第三段,重申可支付住房问题的严峻性。
1⃣
当政府谈论对经济有贡献的基础设施时,重点通常是公路、铁路、宽带和能源。很少提到住房。
2⃣
这是为什么?在某种程度上,住房部⻔必须承担责任。我们不善于传达住房对经济增⻓的真正价值。然后
是典型住房项⽬的规模。在数⼗亿英镑的基础设施项⽬中很难引起关注,因此不可避免地会将注意⼒集中在
其他地⽅。但也许最重要的原因是这个问题⼀直带有政治⾊彩。
3⃣
然⽽,经济适⽤房的情况令⼈绝望。等待名单⼀直在增加,我们根本没有建造⾜够的新房。
4⃣
全⾯的⽀出审查为政府提供了帮助纠正这⼀问题的机会。它需要将历史偏⻅放在⼀边,并采取⼀些措施来
解决我们迫切的住房需求。
5⃣
有迹象表明它正准备这样做。社区部⻓唐·福斯特(Don Foster)暗示,财政⼤⾂乔治·奥斯本(George
Osborne)可能会对⽬前地⽅政府可以借⼊住房存量债务的⾦额上限引⼊更⼤的灵活性。有证据表明,如果
取消上限,未来五年内可再建造 60,000 套新房,使 GDP 增⻓ 0.6%。
6⃣
部⻓们还应该考虑在租赁环境中创造更⼤的确定性,这将对注册提供商从收⼊中资助新开发项⽬的能⼒产
⽣重⼤影响。
7⃣
但这不仅仅取决于政府。虽然这些措施在短期内会受到欢迎,但我们必须正视这样⼀个事实,即 2015 年
到期的⽤于资助新的经济适⽤房的现有 45 亿英镑赠款计划不太可能延⻓到那时。⼯党最近宣布,如果重新
掌权,它将保留联盟的⼤部分⽀出计划。住房部⻔需要接受我们不太可能回到⼤规模公共拨款的时代。我们
需要适应这种不断变化的⽓候。
8⃣
全文翻译
考研加油呀!
虽然政府对⻓期资助的承诺可能已经改变,但对更多经济适⽤房的迫切需求是真实存在的,并且不会消
失。