⻓难句
重点词汇
选项解析 Text 1
1 机械地 2 调整好（我们的⼤脑）
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on
3 熟悉的常规
auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. "Not choice,
5 缺乏思考的 6 （贬义）易受他⼈影响的⼈群
but habit rules the unreflecting herd," William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In
4 （贬义）⽀配，控制
the ever-changing 21s t century, even the word "habit" carries a negative implication.
7 ⽭盾的
So it seems paradoxical to talk about habits in the same context as creativity and
innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop
new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump
8 相应的，极相似的
our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
9 ⼀连串的想法
Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can
10 对我们⾃⼰不屑⼀顾
instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the
11 引导⾃⼰的改变 13 迈出我们的舒适区
more new things we try - the more we step outside our comfort zone - the more
12 固有地
inherently creative we become, both in the workplace and in our personal lives.
14 别⾃寻烦恼 15 根除 16 辙痕
But don't bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are
worn into the brain, they're there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press
17 形成特定习惯（或⽓质）
into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
18 绕开，避开
"The first thing needed for innovation is a fascination with wonder," says Dawna
19 着迷
Markova, author of The Open Mind. "But we are taught instead to 'decide' , just as
our president calls himself 'the Decider'. " She adds, however, that "to decide is to
kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the
many other possibilities."
20 解决问题
All of us work through problems in ways of which we're unaware, she says.
Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the capacity to
22 ⻘春期
however, the brain shuts
24 思维⽅式
preserving only those modes of thought that have seemed
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure,
meaning that few of us inherently use our innovative and collaborative modes of
thought. "This breaks the major rule in the American belief system - that anyone can
do anything," explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will. .. and Ms.
25 使持久 26 促进
Markova's business partner. "That's a lie that we have perpetuated, and it fosters
commonness. Knowing what you're good at and doing even more of it creates
27 在…中起作⽤
excellence." This is where developing new habits comes in.
英语试题 . 3 . (共 14 ⻚）
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1⃣ 2⃣ 3⃣ 4⃣
从“习
惯”角度
论述： 有
意生成新
习惯可以
促进创新
思维
5⃣ 6⃣ 7⃣
1
7
21
.
2
亿
3
4 ㄒ
3
2
.
5
万
4
6
从
21 应对挑战
approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, relationally ( or
“创新”
的角度进 collaboratively) and innovatively. At the end of adolescence,
23 保留，保持
行论述： down half of that capacity,
创新思维 most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
的激活需 7 后
5.
要借助有
意培养新
习惯。
考研加油呀！
nreeneeeggssgpseec21. In Wordsworth's view, "habits" is characterized by being
[A] casual.
原文定位为“habit rules the unreflecting herd”，但是不一定所
[B] familiar. 有人知道该句意思，所以只能往后看下一句。
下一句中“even”暗示两句之间是递进关系，且提到“a negative
[C] mechanical.
implication”；故我们知道这两句的感情色彩是负面的。
[D] changeable. 只有C选项是负面的。
D
22. Brain researchers have discovered that the formation of new habits can be
[A] predicted.
定位至第二段最后一句，但是句子意思和选项之间的联系不好判
[B] regulated. 管理 断。而BD选项之间是相似选项，且B能推出D，所以选D。（管理
[C] traced. 包含了引导，但是引导不一定是管理。）
相似选项
[D] guided. 引导
A
23. The word "ruts" (Para. 4) is closest in meaning to
[A] tracks.
[B] series.
[C] characteristics.
[D] connections. 词汇题可以用逻辑解题 考研加油呀！
满分技巧1: 如果有选项和文中有词汇重复，那么就选这个选项。但不是所有情形都成立。
D24. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that
[A] ideas are born of a relaxing mind.
[B] innovativeness could be taught. 原文：我们被教做决定，而不是创新可以被教。
28 起源于
[C] decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas.
[D] curiosity activates creative minds.
A25.Ryan's comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing
[A] prevents new habits from being formed. 主旨相关
[B] no longer emphasizes commonness. 主旨无关
[C] maintains the inherent American thinking mode. 主旨无关
[D] complies with the American belief system. 主旨无关
考研加油呀！
英语试题 . 4 . (共 14 ⻚）
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两者关系
1 文章特征
文章围绕这两个主题展开论述
2 文章主旨
考两者之间的关系：a 因果; b 相似; c 对立
3 出题特征
主要出作者态度题 （在对立关系时）和主旨题
文章主旨：通过可以生成新习惯可以促进创新思维。
语篇分析：
1⃣ 2⃣ 3⃣ 4⃣
从“习惯”角度论述： 有意生成新习惯可以促进创新思维。
1⃣
说明人们对习惯的往常认识：令人陷入舒适区，造成思维懒惰。
2⃣
提出本文主要观点：有意识培养新习惯可以促进创新思维。
3⃣
进一步论证：培养新习惯的过程便是创造力不断得以提升的过程。
4⃣
补充论证：培养新习惯无须费力根除旧习惯（新旧习惯可以共存）。
5⃣ 6⃣ 7⃣
从“创新”的角度进行论述：创新思维的激活需要借助有意培养
新习惯。
5⃣
引用他人观点论述创新的条件（具有好奇心、探索多种可能）以及不
利于此的教育方式（强调做决定、排除其他可能）。
6⃣
具体介绍人们从幼年到成年思维方式的变化，说明“过度强调做决定
实际上会扼杀创新思维”。
7⃣
考研加油呀！
明确当前教育之下我们的普遍缺陷“内在的创造性被关闭”，并明确
指出：培养新习惯的意义便在于此。全文翻译
考研加油呀！
1⃣
习惯是个奇特的东⻄。我们机械地按其⾏事：将⼤脑设定为⾃动驾驶模式，放松地进⼊熟悉的常
规所带来的⽆意识舒适状态。威廉•华兹华斯在19世纪曾说过：“不是选择，⽽是习惯⽀配着那些不
善思考的⼈们。”在不断变化的 21 世纪，甚⾄“习惯”这个词本身都带有负⾯含义。
2⃣
因此,将习惯同创造⼒和创新在同⼀语境下讨论似乎⽭盾。但脑研究⼈员发现，当我们有意识地培
养新习惯时，我们会在⼤脑中⽣成相应的(神经)通路,甚⾄⽣成全新的脑细胞，(这些新的通路和脑细
胞)能使我们的思路跳上新的、创新的轨道。
3⃣
不要轻易将⾃⼰视为⽆法改变的凭习惯⾏事的⽣物，相反，我们可以通过有意识地培养新习惯来
引导⾃⼰的改变。事实上,我们尝试的新事物越多⾛出⾃身舒适区越多，我们就会变得越具有内在的
创造⼒，⽆论是在职场上还是在私⼈⽣活中均是如此。
4⃣
但是，不必费⼒试图根除旧习惯。⼀旦那些常规做法的“辙痕”被印⼊⼤脑，则它们将⻓久存在。
相反,我们刻意培养的新习惯会在⼤脑中⽣成相似的通路，它们可以绕开那些旧的线路。
5⃣
《开放的思维》⼀书作者道娜。⻢尔科娃说：“创新所需的⾸要条件是强烈的好奇⼼。但我们却被
教导去‘做決定，正如我们的总统称⾃⼰是‘决策者’⼀样”。她⼜补充道,然⽽，“做决定是只保留⼀种
可能⽽将其他可能全部扼茶。(但是，)⼀个出⾊的创新型思考者却总在探寻着其他多种可能性。
6⃣
她说,我们都以我们意识不到的⽅式来解决问题。20世纪60年代晚期的研究者们发现,⼈⽣来具有
以四种基本⽅式应对挑战的能⼒：分析地、按流程地、联系地(或协作地)、创新地(应对挑战）。然
⽽，在⻘春期结束时,⼤脑关闭了其中以、⼀半能⼒，只保留了那些在⽣命最初⼤约⼗年中似乎最有
价值的思维⽅式。
7⃣
当前对标准化测试的重视就是强调分析和过程，这意味着我们很少有⼈会本能地使⽤创新和协作
的思维⽅式。“这打破了美国信仰体系中的主要淮则任何⼈可以做任何事,”2006 年出版的《今年我
打算…》⼀书的作者、⻢尔科娃⼥⼠的商业伙伴赖安说道。“这个准则是我们⼀直以来维系的⼀个谎
⾔，它助⻓了平庸。了解你所擅⻓的并多加练习才能造就辉煌”这正是培养新习惯的意义所在。Text2
1 增⻓，增强
It is a wise father that knows his own child, but today a man can boost his
2 ⽗亲的 3 确认
(fatherly) wisdom -or at least confirm that he's the kid's dad. All he needs to
5 成套⼯具
is shell out $30 for a paternity testing kit (PTK) at his local drugstore -and another
$120 to get the results.
More than 60, 000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became
6 可获得的 7 处⽅，药⽅
available without prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating
8 柜台的
officer of Identigene, which makes the over-the-counter kits. More than two dozen
companies sell DNA tests directly to the public, ranging in price from a few hundred
dollars to more than $ 2, 500.
9 ⾎缘关系
Among the most popular: paternity and kinship testing, which adopted children
can use to find their biological relatives and families can use to track down kids put
10 领养 11 时尚，流⾏
up for adoption. DNA testing is also the latest rage among passionate genealogists -
12 系谱学者
and supports businesses that offer to search for a family's geographic roots.
13 蘸取 14 ⼝⽔
Most tests require collecting cells by swabbing saliva in the mouth and sending it
to the company for testing. All tests require a potential candidate with whom to
compare DNA.
一分为二
But some observers are skeptical. "There's a kind of false precision being
15 沿街叫卖，兜售 16 祖先家谱检测
hawked by people claiming they are doing ancestry testing," says Troy Duster, a New
17 社会学家
York University sociologist. He notes that each individual has many ancestors -
numbering in the hundreds just a few centuries back. Yet most ancestry testing only
18 染⾊体
considers a single lineage, either the Y chromosome inherited through men in a
19 线粒体 20 遗传
mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down only from mothers. This
or, four generations back, 14 other great-great-grandparents.
没有做到什么就是问题所在
Critics also argue that commercial genetic testing is only as good as the reference
collections to which a sample is compared. Databases used by some companies don't
rely on data collected systematically but rather lump together information from
21 把…合起来考虑或归并⼀起
different research projects. This means that a DNA database may have a lot of data
from some regions and not others, so a person's test results may differ depending on
the company that processes the results. In addition, the computer programs a
22 评估，判断 23 服从于 24 同⾏评审
company uses to estimate relationships may be patented and not subject to peer
review or outside evaluation.
英语试题 . 5 . (共 14 ⻚）
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1⃣ 2⃣
引出 paternal
4 付⼀⼤笔款，还账
全文话题 do
基因检
测。
3⃣ 4⃣
介绍
基因检测
的用途及
条件。
5⃣ 6⃣
⻓难句
重点词汇
选项解析
1
2 元6
,
3 7
27
4
考研加油呀！
5 的
论述 father's line or
基因检测 DNA can reveal genetic information about only one or two ancestors, even though,
的问题。 for example, just three generations back people also have six other great-grandparents
6
所
考研加油呀！
ottrsssss.sseeeeseesstonesse.orgA
26.In Paragraphs 1 and 2, the text shows PTK's
[A] easy availability.
A易于获得，D流行性；
[B] flexibility in pricing. household为多余信息，排除。
相似选项 [C] successful promotion.
[D] popularity with households.
C27. PTK is used to do sth
考研加油呀！
[A] locate one's birth place. 原文定位未提及
[B] promote genetic research.原文定位未提及
CD选项意思与原文定位句意思接近，
[C] identify parent-child kinship. 【但是名词不好判断，就比较动词】
choose和原文意思偏差较大，排除。
[D] choose children for adoption.
D28.Skeptical observers believe that ancestry testing fails to do sth
[A] trace distant ancestors. 原文定位未提及
[B] rebuild reliable bloodlines. 原文定位未提及
[C] fully use genetic information. 原文定位未提及
[D] achieve the claimed accuracy.
A
29.In the last paragraph, a problem commercial genetic testing faces is
[A] disorganized data collection.
[B] overlapping database building.原文定位未提及
[C] excessive sample comparison.
[D] lack of patent evaluation. 原文定位未提及
B
30. An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be
[A] Fors and Againsts of DNA Testing.
[B] DNA Testing and Its Problems. 一分为二
[C] DNA Testing Outside the Lab.
[D] Lies Behind DNA Testing.
考研加油呀！
英语试题 . 6 . (共 14 ⻚）
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一分为二
1 文章特征
在文章中间的段落,一开头就出现大写转折和小写however
2 文章主旨
主旨必须涵盖两个方面
题特征
主要出主旨题，题眼的特点：and, difference
例子：200902 200904 201003
文章主旨：基因检测及其存在的问题。
语篇分析：
1⃣ 2⃣
引出全文话题基因检测。
1⃣
借莎翁名句引出P T K。
2⃣
分析P T K易获取的原因，引出基因检测。
3⃣ 4⃣
介绍基因检测的用途及条件。
3⃣
介绍基因检测用途。
4⃣
3
介绍基因检测的条件。
5⃣ 6⃣
论述基因检测的问题。
5⃣
指出家谱基因检测结果没有那么精确。
6⃣
出
考研加油呀！
指出商业基因检测数据库不系统、技术不过硬，侧面解释检测结果没
有那么精确的原因。长难句分析
考研加油呀！
More than 60, 000 people have purchased the PTKs since they first became available without
主谓宾 since 引导时间状语从句
prescriptions last year, according to Doug Fogg, chief operating officer of Identigene, which
插⼊语 同位语补充说明
makes the over-the-counter kits.
which引导⾮限制性定语从句修饰Identigene
译⽂：
⾃去年PTK⽆需医师处⽅即可购买以来，其购买者已 经超过60，000⼈。Identigene（⼀家⽣产这种⾮处⽅
⼯具包的公司）⾸席运营官道格•福格说。
全文翻译
考研加油呀！
1⃣
再睿智的⽗亲也未必能认出⾃⼰的孩⼦，但现在男性能够提升其为⼈⽗的智慧或者说⾄少能确认
⾃⼰就是孩⼦的⽗亲。他所需妥做的仅仅是花 30美元到邻近药店购买⼀份⽗⼦关系鉴定⼯具包
(PTK)，再花上120美元即可得到检测结果。
2⃣
⾃去年PTK ⽆需医师处⽅即可购买以来,其购买者已经超过60,000 ⼈，Identigene(⼀家⽣产这
种⾮处⽅⼯具包的公司)⾸席运营官道格•福格说。直接向公众出售基因检测服务的公司超过24 家，
价格从⼏百美元到2500多美元不等。
3⃣
基因检测中最受欢迎的有⽗⼦关系和亲属关系鉴定,被领养的孩⼦可利⽤它来找寻到⾎亲,家庭可
利⽤它来追踪到给⼈领养的孩⼦。基因检测最近还在极富热情的系谱学家当中掀起⼀阵⻛——也为
提供寻根问祖业务的企业提供⽀持。
4⃣
⼤多数检测都需要⽤棉签蘸取⼝中唾液采集细胞,并将唾液送到指定公司进⾏检测。所有的检测都
需要⼀位潜在对照者，以便进⾏ DNA ⽐对。
5⃣
。
(
)
但⼀些观察家持怀疑态度。纽约⼤学学社会学家特洛伊•达斯特说，“那些声称⾃⼰在做家谱检测
的⼈所宣扬的是种伪精确。”他指出，每个⼈都有许多位祖先仅上溯⼏百年就数以百计。然⽽⼤部分
家谱检测只考虑单⼀的谱系，或者是同⼀⽗系男性遺传的Y染⾊体，或者是仅通过⺟亲传递(给⼦
⼥）的线粒体 DNA。这种 DNA 只能揭示⼀两位祖先的基因信息，尽管，譬如，仅上溯三代，每个
⼈还有另外六位曾祖，上溯四代，还有另外⼗四位⾼祖。
6⃣
批评者还指出商业基因检测的好坏只取决于⽤于样本⽐对的参考数据库。很多公司使⽤的数据库
并未系统地收集数据，⽽是将不同研究项⽬的信息混杂合并起。这意味着菜个 DNA 数据库可能有
来
⾃某些地区的⼤量数据，但缺乏其他地区的数据，因此同⼀个⼈的检测结果会随着处理研究结果的
公司不同⽽存在差异。外，公司⽤于判定亲属关系的计算机程序可能申请了专利,从⽽不接受同⾏评
审或外界评估。⻓难句
重点词汇
选项解析 Text3
1 正规教育
The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor
countries is widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike. Progress in
both areas is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political, and intellectual
2 传统的
development of these and all other societies; however, the conventional view that
3 优先考虑的事情 4 促进 education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic
development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that it is, because building
new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve
economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a
5 始终如⼀地
have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be
achieve radically higher productivity and, as a result, radically
6 根本上
higher standards ofliving.
Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long
10 进⼊衰退期 11 顶峰
entering a recession and Japan at its pre-bubble peak, the U.S.
12 劳动⼒ 17 嘲笑 13 主要原因 was derided as poorly educated and one of the primary causes of the poor
U.S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive
14 装配，安装 assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U.S. factories of Honda,
Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese
15 对应的⼈或物
counterparts -a result of the training that U.S. workers received on the job.
18 房屋建造
More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered
19 不识字的
that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently
20 最佳做法 21 （meet）符合标准 22 复杂
met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building
industry's work.
What is the real relationship between education and economic development? We
23 推测，猜想
have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of
education even when governments don't force it. After all, that's how education got
started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didn't
productive way was there time for other things.
25 ⽣产⼒潜能 As education improved, humanity's productivity potential increased as well.
26 竞争环境
environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential,
afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is
28 充分的
probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems
required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able
29 困境
to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with
30 限制
broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the
31 本质上地
ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity for
32 可预⻅的
the foreseeable future. On the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain
why education isn't developing more quickly there than itis.
英语试题 . 7 . (共 14 ⻚）
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1⃣ 2⃣ 3⃣
research institution
驳
trained on the job to
斥旧观
点：教育
优先与经
ago, with the country
济发展。 workforce
4⃣ 5⃣
1
万
1
7
32
2
7
33
3
4
7
34
.
提出
新观点：
have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. Only when humanity
正规教育 24 富有成效的
began to get its food in a more
的缺乏不 5
会限制生 When the competitive
27 ⽀付得起
产力的发 they could in tum
展。
万
5
教育不一定促进经济发展，
但是经济发展一定促进教育
发展
考研加油呀！
neerosssssssotseess.r.eeD
31. The author holds in Paragraph 1 that the importance of education in poor
countries
7 ⽆根据的
[A] is subject to groundless doubts. 原文定位未提及
8 成为 受害者
[B] has fallen victim of bias. 原文定位未提及
9 低估
[C] is conventionally downgraded. 不要被conventionally迷惑
[D] has been overestimated.
13
32. It is stated in Paragraph 1 that the construction of a new educational system
[A] challenges economists and politicians.
[B] takes efforts of generations.
精准定位
[C] demands priority from the government.
[D] requires sufficient labor force.
B
33.A major difference between the Japanese and U.S. workforces is that
16 守纪律的
[A] the Japanese workforce is better disciplined. 原文定位未提及
[B] the Japanese workforce is more productive.
[C] the U.S. workforce has a better education. 原文定位未提及
[D] the U.S. workforce is more organized. 原文定位未提及
34. The author quotes the example of our ancestors to show that education emerged
[A] when people had enough time. [有足够的时间和经济持续发展无直接联系]
[B] prior to better ways of finding food. [句意：在有更好捕食方法之前]
[C] when people no longer went hungry. [原文定位到画线处，该句关键词是“经济持
cc-etrhntss.tt/ssscnnosneesssnortezT-
续发展”。所以可以首先排除D，但是ABC选
[D] as a result of pressure on government.
项貌似和横线句都不沾边。所以只能对比选
[与定位处不沾边，排除]
项，看哪个选项更接近“经济持续发展”。]
35 . According to the last paragraph, development of education
[A] results directly from competitive environments.
[B] does not depend on economic performance.
[C] follows improved productivity.
主旨做题法
[D] cannot afford political changes.
考研加油呀！
英语试题 . 8 . (共 14 ⻚）
【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享文章主旨：正规教育的缺乏不会限制发展中国家生产力
的提高。
语篇分析：
1⃣ 2⃣ 3⃣
驳斥旧观点：教育优先与经济发展。
1⃣
表明作者的观点：贫穷国家脱贫致富需要先发展教育，教育优先与经济
发展；这一传统看法是错误的。
2⃣
以美国汽车行业为证据，说明非正规教育也能够从根本上提高劳工生产
力。
3⃣
以美国住建行业为例说明非正规教育也能够从根本上提高劳工生产力。
4⃣ 5⃣
提出新观点：正规教育的缺乏不会限制生产力的发展。
4⃣
指出教育与经济发展的真实关联：教育的出现源于经济发展，经济发展
是教育发展的先决条件。
5⃣
考研加油呀！
教育也能提升经济生产潜能，教育与经济发展两者相辅相成。
长难句分析
考研加油呀！
More recently, while examining housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate,
时间状语 主谓 that引导宾语从句
C
non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas), consistently met best-practice labor
productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.
介词短语作让步状语
译⽂：
更近⼀些时候，研究者在调查住宅建设时发现，尽管建筑业的⼯作很复杂，但是德克萨斯州休斯市那些不识
字、不会说英语的墨⻄哥⼯⼈，却始终能达到劳动⽣产率的最佳时间标准。全文翻译
考研加油呀！
1⃣
经济学家和政治家都普遍误解了贫困国家中正规教育与经济增⻓之问的关系。毫⽆疑问,这两个领域的进步
对于这些国家以及共他所有国家的社会、政治及智⼒发展⽽⾔都必不可少;然⽽，“为促进贫困国家经济快速发
展,应该把教育放在最优先考虑的位置”这⼀传统观点却是错的。我们很庆幸这种观点是错的，因为在这些国家
建⽴新的教育体制，随后让⾜够多的⼈接受教有以提振经济表现,将需要两三代⼈的努⼒。某研究机构的多项
研究结果⼀致表明,所有国家的⼯⼈⽣产⼒都可以通过在职培训从根本上得到提⾼由此从根本上提⾼⽣活⽔
平。
2⃣
具有讽刺意味的是,这⼀观点最先在美国得到印证。不久前,随着美国经济进⼊衰退期，⽽⽇本经济处于泡沫
破灭前的顶峰，美国劳动⼤军被嘲讽受教育⽔平低，(这⼀点)被看作是其经济表现不振的主要原因之⼀。从过
去到现在,⽇本在汽⻋装配⽣产⼒⽅⾯⼀直都保持全球领先地位。然⽽研究表明，本⽥、⽇产、丰⽥(三家⽇本
汽⻋商)在美国的⼯⼚达到了⽇本本⼟⼯⼚⽣产⼒的约95%,这归功于美国⼯⼈接受的在职培训。
3⃣
更近些时候,研究者在调查住宅建设时发现，尽管建筑业的⼯作很复杂,但是德克萨斯州休斯敦市那些不识
宇、不会说英语的墨⻄哥⼯⼈却始终能达到劳动⽣产⼒的最佳实践标准。
4⃣
(那么)教育与经济发展之间的真正关联是什么？我们不得不猜想即使政府不强制推⾏教育,经济持续增⻓也
会促进教育发展。毕竟,教育最初就是这样产⽣的⼀万年前,当我们的祖先依靠狩猎、采集为⽣的时候,他们根本
没有琢磨除觅⻝外其他事情的时间，只有当⼈类开始更有效率地获取⻝物之后,他们才有考虑其他事情的时
间。
5⃣
随着教育的改善，⼈类⽣产⼒潜能也得到了提⾼。当竞争环境迫使我们的祖光去获得这种潜能时，他们反
过来⼜能受得起更多教育。对出⾊经济表现所要求的复杂政治体制来说，这种⽇益提⾼的教育⽔平可能是⼀个
必要但不充分条件。因此,如果不进⾏“只能靠更⼴泛正规教育才有可能实现”的政治变⾰，贫国国家可能⽆法
摆脱其贫困牢笼。但是,正规教育的缺乏并不会限制发展中国家劳动⼈⼝在可预⻅的未来从本质上提⾼⽣产⼒;
相反，对⽣产⼒提⾼的限制解释了为什么这些国家的教育没能发展得更快。⻓难句
重点词汇
Text4
选项解析
1 彻底地 2 知识分⼦
The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the
ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the
3 哲学
standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America was "so
4 重视
much importance attached to intellectual pursuits." According to many books and
5 （复数）兴趣爱好
articles, New England's leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an
7 逐渐表露 8 清教徒 6 使⼈全神贯注的事情
unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life.
9 以某种⽅式处理
To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the
10 神学的 11 独特的
Puritans' theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church -
12 与…保持⼀致 But in keeping with our examination of
13 最初的 14 承载者 the original Puritans as carriers of
15 适应
European culture, adjusting to New World circumstances. The New England colonies
17 ⼀个事件 18 追求 scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of
20 技艺
civility and virtuosity.
21 令⼈印象深刻的
The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education
and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned ministers who came to
Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like
22 王国
John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he
23 ⼴泛地
journeyed to Boston. These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New
24 被看到（听到）
World and Old World audiences, and giving New England an atmosphere of
25 渴望求知
intellectual earnestness.
did sth
We should not forget, however, that most New Englanders were less well
26 ⼯匠 27 更不⽤说
educated. While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left
29 书画作品 28 仆从
literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were less fully
intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. A tailor
30 迷信⾊彩
Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for
33 性困惑 34 经济挫折
signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and
35 决定性的
together in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible,
36 决定命运 37 神奇的
saw would settle his fate, and read the magical
no unclean thing, and I will be your God
38 说教
explaining the Bible that he heard in Puritan churches.
39 宗教信仰
Meanwhile, many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane's, as
40 牧师 41 遇到 42 普通百姓 43 嘲笑
one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had
44 主要⽬的
not come to the New World for religion. "Our main end was to catch fish."
英语试题 . 9 . (共 14 ⻚）
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1⃣ 2⃣ 3⃣
说
明受良好
教育移民 i ortant subjects that we may not neglect.
mp
（牧师和 southern intellectual life, we may consider
政治领
袖）对新 were th 1 e 6 地点，现场
19 ⽂明礼仪
英格兰地
区早期文
化的影
响。
4⃣ 5⃣
1
7
36
2
万
7
考研加油呀！
3
1 ②
万
8
③
4
平
未受
named John ,
过良好教 32 征兆
leaving England that is filled with
育移民对
religious hope - all came
新英格兰
told his father that the first line he
地区早期
words: "Come out from among them, touch
文化的影
and you shall be my people." One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons
响。
5
考研加油呀！
tttsiatttreossarssesoosossssotehsrtsB36.The author holds that in the seventeenth-century New England
[A] Puritan tradition dominated political life. 原文定位未提及
[B] intellectual interests were encouraged.
[C] politics benefited much from intellectual endeavors. 原文定位未提及
[D] intellectual pursuits enjoyed a liberal environment. liberal environment为多余信息
B
3 7. It is suggested in Paragraph 2 that New Englanders did sth
[A] experienced a comparatively peaceful early history.原文定位未提及
[B] brought with them the culture of the Old World.
第二段第一句知New Englanders=Puritans，如
原文定位未提及[C] paid little attention to southern intellectual life.
果找不到New Englanders可以看含“Puritans”
原文定位未提及[D] were obsessed with religious innovations.
的句子，所以最后定位到蓝色荧光笔处。
D38. The early ministers and political leaders in Massachusetts Bay did sth
[A] were famous in the New World for their writings.
[B] gained increasing importance in religious affairs.
[C] abandoned high positions before coming to the New World.
[D] created a new intellectual atmosphere in New England.
考研加油呀！
观点句
A
39. The story of John Dane shows that less well-educated New Englanders were
often
[A] influenced by superstitions.
[B] troubled with religious beliefs.
[C] puzzled by church sermons.
[D] frustrated with family earnings.
满分技巧1: 段中例一般看第一句或者例子前一句。
40.The text suggests that early settlers in New England
[A] were mostly engaged in political activities.
45 激励 46 虚幻的
c-t[sB]tw-erea mortinvatesd bsy aen itlluosorty eproespeoct. sr.es
[C] came from different intellectual backgrounds.
[D] left few formal records for later reference.
满分技巧2: 出题特征——主要出主旨题，题眼的特点：and, difference
考研加油呀！
英语试题 . 10 . (共 14 ⻚）
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一分为二
1 文章特征
在文章中间的段落,一开头就出现大写转折和小写however
2 文章主旨
主旨必须涵盖两个方面
3 出题特征
主要出主旨题，题眼的特点：and, difference
例子：200902 200904 201003
文章主旨：新英格兰早期的文化生活。
语篇分析：
1⃣
说明受良好教育移民（牧师和政治领袖）对新英格兰地区早期文
化的影响。
1⃣
总说17世纪新英格兰地区文化状况：注重文化兴趣爱好。
2⃣
介绍本文的研究视角：从文化角度而非宗教角度：将早期新英格兰人
视为欧洲文化承载者。
3⃣
详细介绍受过良好教育的移民（牧师和政治领袖）对新英格兰文化的
影响：他们将旧大陆文化带入新英格兰地区，为该地区创造热切求知的
文化氛围。
4⃣ 5⃣ 3⃣
未受过良好教育移民对新英格兰地区早期文化的影响。
4⃣
将迷信思想带入新英格兰地区。
5⃣ 2⃣
考研加油呀！
将精湛技艺传播到新英格兰地区。全文翻译
考研加油呀！
1⃣
〔美洲)新⼤陆历史中被研究得最为彻底的知识分⼦是 17 世纪新英格兰的牧师和政治领袖。根据权威的美
国哲学史记载，在殖⺠地时期的美洲,没有其他地区“如此注重⽂化爱好”。根据许多书籍和⽂献记载,新英格兰
领导者确⽴了美国⽂化⽣活中逐渐发展并占据主流地位的清教传统的基本主题和关注重点。
2⃣
以这种⽅法研究新英格兰⼈通常意味着从清教徒的神学新观念及其对教会的独特看法⼊⼿这些都是我们不
可忽略的重要主题。但是为了与我们对美国南部地区⽂化⽣活的考察保持⼀致,我们可以将这些最初的清教徒
视为欧洲⽂化的承载者，他们在适应新⼤陆的环境。在追求⽂明礼仪和精湛技艺这些被⼴泛认可的理想的过程
中,新英格兰殖⺠地曾是重⼤事件的发⽣地。
3⃣
⻢萨诸塞湾的早期移⺠包括在英格兰受过良好教育并具有相当影响⼒的⼈。除了 1629 年后⼗年中来到⻢
萨诸塞教会的约90位博学牧师之外,还有像约翰温思罗普这样的政治领袖，他是⼀位受过良好教育的绅⼠、律
师，远航到波⼠顿之前曾担任王室官员。这些⼈⼤规模著书并出版,为新⼤陆的⼤陆读者所熟悉，为新英格兰
营造了⼀种热切求知的氛国。
4⃣
然⽽，我们不该忘记，⼤多数新英格兰⼈并未受过良好教育。尽管很少有⼿⼯艺者和农⺠——更不⽤说侍
从和仆⼈留下可供分析的书⾯作品，但他们的观点显然不那么⾜够理智。他们的思维往往带有传统的迷信⾊
彩。⼀位名叫约翰•丹奈的裁缝，于17世纪30年代后期移居新⼤陆，他所留下的关于离开英格兰原因的叙述⾥
充满了神迹。性的困惑、经济挫折和宗教期望所有这些都在某⼀关键性时刻⼀⻬涌来。他打开《圣经》告诉⽗
亲他读到的第⼀⾏宇将决定他的命运，接着便读到了以下神奇的语句：“从他们中⾛出来吧,不要沾染不洁之
物，我愿成为你的上帝，你就是我的⼦⺠，”⼈们会纳闷，丹奈在清教教会⾥听那些精⼼诠粹的布道⽂时作何
感想。
5⃣
另⼀⽅⾯，很多移⺠并没有丹奈这么虔诚的宗教信仰，正如某⼀牧师在与沿海居⺠打交道时所忘识到的那
样。那些⼈嘲弄地说来新⼤陆并⾮为了宗教，“我们的主要⽬的是捕⻥。”
