Text1
1 证明，证书
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s
2 锦标赛 3 值得注意的，显著的 5 精英
World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer
4 怪现象 players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the
6 输送⼈才
later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the
7 组织或团体的成员
World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be
8 显著的 evenmorepronounced.
9 是…的原因
What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a)
10 星座 11 极好的
certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to
12 氧⽓ 13 耐⼒
have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents
14 怀胎，受孕 15 狂热 aremorelikelytoconceivechildreninspringtime,attheannualpeakofsoccer mania;
d)noneoftheabove.
Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University,
15 坚信
says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and
studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to
16 转向
conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly
17 包含
17 ⼀系列任意的
30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random
series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit
18 记起，回忆起
span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about
200hoursoftraininghehadrisentoover80numbers.”
19 加上 This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not
21 与其说…不如说 genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more
20 遗传地22 认知训练 23 直觉的 24 先天的 of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn
25 表现 differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences
26 淹没
are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way
27 编码
to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process
28 刻意练习 29 需要做某事
known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a
task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and
concentratingasmuchontechniqueasonoutcome.
30 养成某种习惯 31 表现优异者
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a
wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just
32 ⼤范围的 33 事业，消遣 爱好
performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own
34 传记的 35 令⼈吃惊的
laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling
36 断⾔，声明 37 特征 38 ⾼估 39 换句话说
assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way,
expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer
programming–arenearlyalways made,notborn. 40 外科
英语试题 . 3 . (共 14 ⻚）
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1⃣ 2⃣
以优
秀足球运
动员生日
现象，引
出全文主
题：优秀
究竟源于
什么？
3⃣ 4⃣ 5⃣
⻓难句
重点词汇
选项解析
1
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
2
应
vvn
ˇ 31
3
通
该段虽然出现Ericsson，但是没有回答问题所问。
过介绍心 4
理学教授
艾里克森
的研究， > ☒
提出并论 ㄒ
23
证观点：
-05in
优秀源于
后天努
力。
5
rnnnnsa
724
2ND
*
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
sesootoosttss例子为了引出文章观点和主旨。
C21.Thebirthdayphenomenonfoundamongsoccerplayersismentionedto
[A] stresstheimportanceofprofessionaltraining.
41 强调
[B] spotlightthesoccersuperstarsintheWorldCup.
[C] introducethetopicofwhatmakesexpertperformance.
主旨
[D] explainwhysomesoccerteamsplaybetterthanothers.
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
B
22.Theword“mania”(Line4,Paragraph2)mostprobablymeans
[A] fun.
为了前后逻辑一致，soccer mania必须
[B] craze. 和soccer-mad意思一致。
42 歇斯底⾥
[C] hysteria.
[D] excitement.
词汇题可以用逻辑解题
满分技巧1: 如果有选项和文中有词汇重复，那么就选这个选项。但不是所有情形都成立。
A 23.AccordingtoEricsson,goodmemory do sth
"[A] dependsonmeaningful processingofinformation.
沾边 以[B] resultsfrom int、uitiveratherthancognitiveexercises.
[C] isdeterminedbygeneticratherthanpsychologicalfactors.
未沾边 [D] requiresimmediatefeedbackandahighdegreeofconcentration.
x
D24.Ericssonandhiscolleaguesbelievethat
[A] taXlentisadominatingfactorfor professionalsuccess.
[B] biograpXhicaldataprovidethekeytoexcellentperformance.
[xC] theroleoftalenttendstobeove、rlooked.
[D] highachieversowetheirsuccessmostlytonurture.
满分技巧2: 态度题【某人态度】做题方法 人+说法+细节，同时还要防并列。
C25.Whichofthefollowingproverbsisclosesttothemessagethetexttriestoconvey?
[A] “Faithwillmovemountains.” 精诚所至，金石为开
[B] “Onereapswhatonesows.”
种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆
[C] “Practicemakesperfect.”
熟能生巧 与主旨沾边
[D] “Likefather,likeson.” 有其父必有其子
满分技巧1: 如果有选项和文中有词汇重复，那么就选这个选项。但不是所有情形都成立。
满分技巧2: 态度题【某人态度】做题方法 人+说法+细节，同时还要防并列。
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
英语试题 . 4 . (共 14 ⻚）
哪【⼜微信 9⼀公⽔众 6 号晒：陈 t 叨 Ah 叨杂 N 货 A 铺 N 】免 A 费 R 分 N 享 R文章主旨：人的成就取决于后天培养，而非先天遗传。
语篇分析：
1⃣ 2⃣
以优秀足球运动员生日现象，引出全文主题：优秀究竟源于什么？
1⃣
介绍怪相：出类拔萃的足球运动员大多出生于一年中的头几个月。
2⃣
罗列对怪相原因的猜测，从而折射出两种对立观点：优秀源于先天因素还
是优秀与先天无关。
3⃣ 4⃣ 5⃣
通过介绍心理学教授艾里克森的研究，提出并论证观点：优秀源于后
天努力。
3⃣
介绍阿历克斯有关记忆力的首次研究。
4⃣
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
具体说明艾里克森有关记忆力的研究结论：记忆力提升的最佳途径是刻意
练习。
全文翻译
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
1⃣
如果查看⼀下2006 年世界杯赛所有⾜球运动员的出⽣证，你很可能会发现⼀件引⼈注意的奇事：出类拔
萃的⾜球运动员更可能出⽣在⼀年中的头⼏个⽉⽽⾮后⼏个⽉。如果再看看为世界杯和职业球队输送⼈才的
欧洲各国国家⻘年队(队员出⽣证)，你会发现这⼀奇怪现象甚⾄更为显著。
2⃣
这⼀奇怪现象可能的成因是什么呢？以下是⼏种猜测：a)某些星座赐予球员⾼超的⾜球技能;b)冬季出⽣的
婴孩往往具有更⾼的⾎液携氧能⼒,这会增加踢⾜球时的耐⼒;c痴迷⾜球的⽗⺟更可能在春天,也即每年⾜球狂
热的巅峰时期受孕;d以上都不是。
3⃣
安德斯•艾利克森,佛罗⾥达州⽴⼤学⼀位58岁的⼼理学教授，称他坚信“以上都不对”。艾利克森在瑞典⻓
⼤,起初攻读核能⼯程学，直到他意识到如果转学⼼理学，会有更多机会从事⾃⼰的研究。他的⾸次实验，⼤
约在30年前，与记忆⼒相关：训练⼀个⼈听⼀组随机数字,随后进⾏复述。“在约20个⼩时训练之后,第⼀位
被试者的数宇记忆跨度从7个增加⾄20个，”艾利克森回忆道，“他不断地进步，约200个⼩时训练之后，他
能记住 80多个数字。”
4⃣
这次成功,加上后续的表明记忆⼒本身并⾮由基因决定的研究，使得艾利克森得出结论：记忆⾏为与其说
是⼀种直觉活动,不如说是⼀种认知活动。换句话说，不论两个⼈在记忆能⼒⽅⾯表现出什么先天
性差异,这些差异都被个⼈“编码”信息能⼒的强弱所掩盖。艾利克森断定，学习有⽬的地编码信息的最佳⽅法
是⼀个被称为“刻意练习”的过程。“刻意练习”需要的不仅仅是简单地重复任务，确切地讲，它需要制定明确
⽬标、获取即时反馈并且要技巧与结果并重。
5⃣
艾利克森和他的同事由此开始沉涵⼿研究众多领城的出⾊表现者。他们收集能够收集到的所有资料，不仅
包括⼯作表现统计数据和⽣平详细资料,还包括他们在⾃⼰实验室⾥对杰出⼈才所做实验的结果。他们的研究
结论相当令⼈震惊：我们通常称之为“天賦”的这⼀特质被过于⾼估了。或者,换句话说,不管是在记忆⼒还是
外科⼿术领域,是在芭蕾舞还是在计算机编程⽅⾯，表现出⾊的⼈⼏乎都是造就的，⽽不是天⽣的。Text2
1 （报纸、杂志等的）副刊 2 以…为特⾊
For the past several years, the Sunday newspapersupplementParade has featured
a column called “Ask Marilyn.” People are invited to query Marilyn vos Savant, who
3 开设特⾊专栏
at age 10 had tested at a mental level of someone about 23 years old; that gave her an
4 有记录以来的最⾼分 IQ of 228 – the highest score ever recorded. IQ tests ask you to complete verbal and
5 视觉的 7 想象，设想 8 推理，推断 visual analogies, to envision paper after it has been folded and cut, and to deduce
6 类似，类⽐
numerical sequences, among other similar tasks. So it is a bit confusing when vos
9 处理，应付 10 疑问
Savant fields such queries from the average Joe (whose IQ is 100) as, What’s the
11 巧合
difference between love and fondness? Or what is the nature of luck and coincidence?
12 想象，设想 13 计算，算出
It’ s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical
14 难倒
patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and
philosophers.
15 包含、包括
Clearly, intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test. Just what does it
16 详细说明，明确
mean to be smart? How much of intelligence can be specified, and how much can we
17 神经学
learnaboutitfromneurology, genetics,computerscienceandotherfields?
The defining term of intelligence in humans still seems to be the IQ score, even
18 主要有两种形式
though IQ tests are not given as often as they used to be. The test comes primarily in
19 （⼼理学的）量表
two forms: the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales
(both come in adult and children’ s version). Generally costing several hundred dollars,
20 改编版本 21 居住于
they are usually given only by psychologists, although variations of them populate
bookstores and the WorldWide Web.Superhigh scores like vos Savant’ s are no longer
22 ⼈⼝分布
possible, because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among
23 同龄⼈ 24 （by）除以 25 ⼼理年龄 26 ⽣理年龄
age peers, rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological age and
27 乘 28 标准化测试
multiplying by 100. Other standardized tests, such as the Scholastic Assessment Test
(SAT)andtheGraduateRecordExam(GRE),capturethemainaspectsofIQtests.
29 评估 Such standardized tests may not assess all the important elements necessary to
succeed in school and in life, argues Robert J. Sternberg. In his article “How
Intelligent Is Intelligence Testing?”, Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess
30 词汇的 31 未能完成 32 实⽤性知识
analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge,
33 因素 34 对…⾄关重要
components also critical to problem solving and life success. Moreover, IQ tests do not
necessarily predict so well once populations or situations change. Research has found
35 低压环境
that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress
36 与…负相关
conditions, but under high-stress conditions, IQ was negatively correlated with
37 历经困苦做某事
leadership –that is, it predicted the opposite. Anyone who has toiled through SATwill
testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what
questionstoskip.
英语试题 . 5 . (共 14 ⻚）
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1⃣
表示疑
惑，引发
对IQ测试
的质疑。
2⃣
对英语
语言的发
展趋势进
行评述。
表明作者
观点。
3⃣
IQ分数
仍是衡量
人类智力
的标准；
IQ测试已
经成为标
准化测
试。
4⃣
⻓难句
重点词汇
选项解析
1
① 726
③ ②
vvn 。
2
议
1
3 可
的
年 4
表明作
者观点：
以IQ测试
为代表的
标准化测
试并不能
准确全面
评估人的
智力以及
能力。 最后一句不是结论句，不用看。
㟹呱呱明明那NNNM胁加以D
26.Whichofthefollowingmayberequiredinanintelligencetest?
[xA]Answeringphilosophic
:
alquestions.
U[B] Fo
\
ldingorcu\ttingpaperintodifferentshapes.
[C]Tellingthedifferencesbetweencertainconcepts.
X \
U[D] Choosingwordsorgraphssimilartothegivenones.
BD沾边，AC排除
v
38 推断
c27.WhatcanbeinferredaboutintelligencetestingfromParagraph3?
39 指标
[A] PeoplenolongeruseIQscoresasanindicatorofintelligence.
与原文意思相反。
[B] MoreversionsofIQtestsarenowavailableontheInternet. 原文表示有两种版本，
儿童和成人。而儿童和
[C]Thetestcontentsandformatsfor adultsandchildrenmaybedifferent.
成人构成全集，故由
[D] Scientistshavedefinedtheimportantelementsofhumanintelligence. “二分法思维‘，两者
表达意思完全相反，故
满分技巧1: 若选项中含有maybe等可能性的词， 90%的情况下选该选项。
选C
A
28.PeoplenowadayscannolongerachieveIQscoresashighasvosSavant’sbecause
[A] thescoresareobtainedthroughdifferentcomputationalprocedures.
[B] creativityratherthananalyticalskillsisemphasizednow.
不沾边 [C] vosSavant’scaseisan 4 e 0 x 极 tre 端 m 的 eonethatwillnotrepeat.
}
[D] thedefiningcharacteristicofIQ testshaschanged.
A
29.Wecanconcludefrom thelastparagraphthat
[A] testscoresmaynotbereliableindicatorsofone’sability.
[B] IQscoresandSATresultsarehighlycorrelated.
不沾边 41 猜测⾏为
[C] testinginvolvesalotofguesswork.
[D] traditionaltestsareoutofdate.
满分技巧2:
【推段落】主旨主要出现在（重点看）：第1句、大写转折句和最后1句。优先看大写转折句和最后1句。
30.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsIQtests?
B
[A] Supportive.
褒义
[B] Skeptical.
42 公正的
[C] Impartial. 前后文主旨一致性
[D] Biased.
满分技巧1: 若选项中含有maybe等可能性的词， 90%的情况下选该选项。
满分技巧2:
【推段落】主旨主要出现在（重点看）：第1句、大写转折句和最后1句。优先看大写转折句和最后1句。
英语试题 . 6 . (共 14 ⻚）
【B微p信o公o众n号：o陈m叨m叨杂t货n铺n】s免n费n分m享文章主旨：智力测试不能全面体现人的智力高低和能力
强弱。
语篇分析：
1⃣
通过对“玛丽莲能够成功应对人们各类提问”表示疑惑，引发对IQ测
试的质疑。
2⃣
对英语语言的发展趋势进行评述。表明作者观点：IQ测试分数不能全
面体现智力。
3⃣
正面介绍当前IQ测试：IQ分数仍是衡量人类智力的标准；IQ测试已
经成为标准化测试。
4⃣
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
多角度指出标准化测试的缺陷，并表明作者观点：以IQ测试为代表的
标准化测试并不能准确全面评估人的智力以及能力。
长难句分析
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
It’ s not obvious [how the capac⼩ity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns) suits one
主系表 主谓宾宾补 动词不定式作后置定语
to answer questions (that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers,.
that引导定语从句
译⽂：
想象物体（形状）和破解数值模式的能⼒如何能使⼈解答那些曾难倒⼀些最优秀诗⼈和哲学家的问题，这⼀
点难以理解。
Anyon q e who has toiled through SAT) will testify [that test-taking skill also matters ] , [ whether it's
who引导定语从句 主谓 that 引导宾语从句
knowing when to guess or what questions to ski]p.
whether引导让步状语从句
译⽂：
任何熬过“学术能⼒评估测试”的⼈都可以证明，应试技巧也很重要，⽆论是知道何时应该猜测或者是（知
道）何题应该跳过。全文翻译
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
1⃣
在过去⼏年中，,报纸周⽇副刊《⼤观》开设了⼀版名为“问问玛丽莲”的特⾊专栏。⼈们被邀请向玛丽
莲• 洪斯 •莎凡提问,她在10 岁时测得的智⼒⽔平相当于普通⼈23岁左右，也就是智商为228,这是有记录
以来的最⾼分数。1Q测试要求你完成⽂宇和视觉类推、想象纸张经折叠和剪切后的形状、推导数宇序列，
以及其他类似的任务。因此,莎凡能巧妙应对（智商为 100的）普通⼈提出的诸如“爱与喜爱有何区别”或
“运⽓和巧合的本质是什么”这类问题，这有点令⼈费解。想象物体（形状）和破解数值模式的能⼒如何
能使⼈解答那些曾难倒⼀些最优秀诗⼈和哲学家的问题，这⼀点难以理解。
2⃣
显然，智⼒不⽌包含⼀次测试的⼀个得分。那么什么才叫“聪明”呢？智⼒有多少可以被明确(测知)？我
们从神经学、遗传学、计算机科学和其他领域中⼜能对智⼒了解多少呢？
3⃣
尽管如今1Q测试已经不像以前那么频繁地被使⽤，但IQ分数似乎仍是定义⼈类智⼒的术语。IQ测试主
要有两种形式：斯坦福⼀⽐纳智⼒量表和⻙克斯勒智⼒量表(⼆者都有成⼈版和⼉童版）。这两种测试形
式费⽤⼀般为⼏百美元，通常只由⼼理学家提供，不过他们的改编版本在书店和互联⽹上隨处可⻅。像莎
凡那样的超⾼分数不可能再出现，因为现在分数计算是以同龄群体在统计学意义上的⼈⼝分布为基础的，
⽽不是简单地⽤智⼒年龄除以⽣理年龄再乘以100。其他标准化测试，⽐如学术评估测验(SAT)和研究⽣
⼊学考试(GRE），都充分体现了IQ测试的主要特点。
4⃣
罗伯特•J•斯特恩伯格指出，这类标准化测试也许不能评估在学业和⽣活中取得成功所必需的所有重要
因素。斯特恩伯格在他的《智⼒测试有多智能？》⼀⽂中指出传统测试能够对分析能⼒和语⾔能⼒做出最
佳评估，但不能评估创造能⼒和实践知识,⽽这两个因素对于解决问题和在⽣活中取得成功也⾄关重要。
此外,⼀旦受试群体或环境发⽣变化，IQ测试不⼀定能做出准确预测。研究发现，当(受试者)在压⼒⼩的情
况下进⾏测试时，IQ能预示领导能⼒（的⾼低);但是在压⼒⼤的情况下,IQ与领导能⼒负相关也就是说，根
据智商预测出的领导能⼒与实际情况相反。任何熬过“学术能⼒评估测试”的⼈都可以证明，应试技巧也
很重要,⽆论是知道何时应该猜测或是（知道)何题应该跳过。Text3
During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could
1 依赖 2 公平竞争
count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been
3 解聘通知书 4 诊断 transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or
5 配偶 6 稳固地 a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in
afewmonths.
In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming
7 家庭基本经济模式 8 各式各样的
basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have
9 社会意义 10 副作⽤
debatedthesocialimplicationsofthesechanges, butfewhavelookedatthesideeffect:
11 家庭⻛险 19 仔细预算
family risk has risen as well. Today’ s families have budgeted to the limits of their
20 降落伞
new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in
12 经济困难时期 13 后备挣钱者 times of financial setback – a back-up earner (usually Mom) who could go into the
14 被解雇
workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect”
15 安全保障⽹ 16 失业保险 17 伤残保险
could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability
21 经受住，安全渡过困难 22 破裂
insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family
18 弥补 23 否则
fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home
partner.
24 承担更多⻛险
During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in
25 退休⼯资
their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto
26 利率 27 股市波动
industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock
28 继续存在
market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.
29 政府的公共福利计划
For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a
30 退休⼈员
savings-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments
31 投资回报 32 总体情况，局⾯
for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is
not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by
33 健康储蓄计划
families have risen – and newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from
34 ⽴法的 35 保险扣除条款 36 ⼤量新增的 legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new
37 ⼈⼝统计数据
dose of investment risk for families’ future healthcare. Even demographics are
38 可能性 working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly
39 伴随的
parent– and all the attendant need for physical and financial assistance – have jumped
40 ⼋倍地
eightfoldinjustonegeneration.
41 观点
From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks
far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal
42 加速 43 ⼤批的，⼤规模的
more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their
44 不堪重负的肩膀 45 后果 already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political
falloutmaynotbefarbehind.
英语试题 . 7 . (共 14 ⻚）
【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
1⃣
如今美
国中产阶
级家庭的
经济风险
大大增
加。
2⃣
“单
薪”变
“双薪”
增大家庭
经济风
险。
3⃣
中产阶
级家庭被
迫承担更
大的养
老、医疗
等风险。
4⃣
1
2
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
7
331 7
32
后
,
> D
提出警
告：中产
阶级不堪
重负的情
734 形很可能
会产生政
治影响。
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
劰办办那的财⽶扬敬姗1㮟䑺C31.Today’sdouble-incomefamiliesareatgreaterfinancialriskinthat
[A] thesafetynettheyusedtoenjoyhasdisappeared.
[B] theirchancesofbeinglaidoffhavegreatlyincreased.
46 易受影响的
[C] theyaremorevulnerabletochangesinfamilyeconomics.
46 剥夺
[D] theyaredeprivedof unemploymentordisabilityinsurance.
满分技巧1: 时间对比文章，一定会有过去和现在。重点关注选项中关于“变化”或时间特征词。
B
32.AsaresultofPresidentBush’sreform,retiredpeoplemayhave
[A] ahighersenseofsecurity.
褒义
主旨：中产阶级有危机。情感色
[B] lesssecuredpayments. 贬义 彩为贬义，排除AD。
[C] lesschancetoinvest. 贬义 C中缺少投资机会和有危机关系
不大，故排除。
[D] aguaranteedfuture. 褒义
D
33.Accordingtotheauthor,health-savingsplanswill
[A] helpreducethecostofhealthcare. 褒义
47 普及
[B] popularizeamongthemiddleclass.
48 弥补
[C] compensateforthereducedpensions. 褒义 莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
[D] increasethefamilies’investmentrisk. 贬义
C34.Itcanbeinferredfrom thelastparagraphthat
[A] financialriskstendtooutweigh politicalrisks.
[B] themiddleclassmayfacegreaterpoliticalchallenges.
[C] financialproblemsmaybringaboutpoliticalproblems.
[D] financialresponsibilityisanindicatorofpoliticalstatus.
B
35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitlefor thistext?
[A]TheMiddleClassontheAlert
[B]TheMiddleClassontheCliff > 主旨：中产阶级有危机。
[C]TheMiddleClassinConflict
[D]TheMiddleClassinRuins
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
英语试题 . 8 . (共 14 ⻚）
【☒掤微B信s公s众t号sr：s陈tt叨h叨a杂e货d铺d】rr免o费o分tr享n文章主旨：美国中产阶级家庭经济风险在增加。
语篇分析：
1⃣
介绍现象：如今美国中产阶级家庭的经济风险大大增加。
2⃣
从“家庭经济模式改变”角度解释现象：“单薪”变“双薪”增大家
庭经济风险。
3⃣
从“新公共政策”角度解释现象：中产阶级家庭被迫承担更大的养
老、医疗等风险。
4⃣
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
提出警告：中产阶级不堪重负的情形很可能会产生政治影响。
全文翻译
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
1⃣
在过去⼀代⼈的时间⾥，原本依靠努⼒⼯作和公平竞争便能保持⾃身经济安稳的美国中产阶级家庭已被
经济⻛险和新的现实彻底改变.现在，⼀张粉⾊⼩纸条(解雇通知书），⼀个恶性诊断结果,或者离散的配
偶，都可以使⼀个家庭从殷实的中产阶级在⼏个⽉内沦为新贫阶层。
2⃣
在仅仅⼀代⼈的时间⾥,数百万⺟亲已出去⼯作，政变了基本的家庭经济(模式）。学者、政策制定者以
及各路评论家都已反复讨论这些变化的社会意义,但⼏乎没⼈仔细研究过其副作⽤：家庭⻛险也提⾼了。如
今家庭的开⽀巴达这种新双薪状态的极限。结果,他们失去了经济受挫时期曾经拥有的“降落伞”⼀个在家
庭经济⽀柱失业或⽣病时可以⾛进职场的候补賺钱者（通常是⺟亲)。这种“附加的劳动者效应”能够增强
失业保险或伤残保险所提供的安全保障⽹帮助家庭渡过难关。但如今,家庭时运遭到的破坏再也不能通过原
本赋闲在家的另⼀半获得的额外收⼊得以弥补。
3⃣
与此同时,家庭被要求在退休收⼊⽅⾯承担(⽐以前）⼤得多的⻛险。钢铁⼯⼈、航空公司雇员以及现在
汽⻋⾏业的员⼯正在加⼊数百万家庭,必须担忧利率、股市波动以及退休⾦不⾜以养⽼这⼀严酷现实。去年
的⼤半年之中，布什总统领导了将社会保障体系变成储蓄账户模式的改⾰运动，（在这种模式下，)退休⼈
员的⼤部分或全部的“有保障的收⼊”变成了“依赖投资收益的收⼊”。对于较年轻的家庭来说境况并没有
好出丝毫。医疗保健的绝对成本以及其中家庭承担的份额都已提⾼且新近流⾏的健康储蓄计划正从国会⼤
厅蔓延到沃尔玛员⼯那⾥，随之⽽来的是⽐过去⾼出许多的医疗保险免赔额，以及家庭未来的医疗保健所
⾯临的⼤量新增投资⻛险。甚⾄⼈⼝统计数据都对中产阶级家庭不利,因为(据统计)家庭中出现年⽼⼒衰的
⽗（⺟）以及随之⽽来的体⼒和经济援助需要的⼏率在仅仅⼀代⼈的时间⾥就猛涨到原来的⼋倍。
4⃣
可以理解,从中产阶级家庭的⻆度看，上述许多现象看起来远不像是履⾏更多经济责任的机会，⽽更像
是以骇⼈的增速将⾦融⻛险⼤规模转嫁到他们已经不堪重负的肩膀上。经济上的不良后果已经显现，,政治
影响也不会太远了。Text4
1 不⾬则已，⼀⾬倾盆 2 解决
It never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their
3 财务 4 服从，遵守
worst accounting and compliance troubles, and improved their feeble corporation
6 治理 7 招惹
governance, a new problem threatens to earn them – especially in America – the
8 不可避免地 9 ⾏政主管
sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite: data
1 i 1 n 数 se 据 cu 不 ri 安 ty 全 . Left, until now, to odd, low-level IT staff to p1u2t 纠ri正ght, and 10 s e 随 en 员 as a
concern only of data-rich industries such as banking, telecoms and air travel,
13 信息保护 14 在某⼈议事⽇程上占据⾼位 information protection is now high on the boss’ s agenda in businesses of every
variety.
15 巨⼤的 16 泄漏
Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year – from
organizations as diverse as Time Warner, the American defense contractor Science
Applications International Corp and even the University of California, Berkeley –
17 检查 18 错综复杂的
have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate IT systems and business
processesin1s9e a寻rc找hofpotentialvu 2 ln 0 e 脆 ra 弱 bi 性 lities.
“Data is becoming an asset which needs to be guarded as much as any other
asset,” says Haim Mendelson of Stanford University’ s business school. “The ability
21 市场价值
to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for
22 代表 排除D
on behalf of shareholders”. Indeed, just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted
Accounting Principles (GAAP), perhaps it is time for GASP, Generally Accepted
Security Practices, suggested Eli Noam of New York’ s Columbia Business School.
23 投资标准 24 冗余
“Setting the proper investment level for security, redundancy, and recovery is a
managementissue,notatechnicalone,”hesays.
25 难以解释之事 26 让⼈感到吃惊
The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should
27 经济资产
be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust, that most valuable of economic assets,
is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore – and that few things are more
28 个⼈敏感信息 29 落⼊别有⽤⼼之⼿
likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the
wronghands.
30 事态 31 证明有理
The current state of affairs may have been encouraged – though not justified –
32 法律惩罚 33 数据泄露
by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. Until
34 通过⼀部法律
California recently passed a law,American firms did not have to tell anyone, even the
victim, when data we3n5t 丢as失tray. That may change fast: lots of proposed data-security
36 为寻求政治⽀持⽽拜访
legislation is now doing the rounds in Washington, D.C. Meanwhile, the theft of
37 披露
information about some40 million credit-card accounts in America, disclosed on June
38 使扫兴
17th, overshadowed a hugely important decision a day earlier by America’ s Federal
39 （put）警示某⼈ 40 监管者
Trade Commission (FTC) that puts corporate America on notice that regulators will
actiffirmsfailtoprovideadequatedatasecurity.
最后一句不是观点句，不用看。
英语试题 . 9 . (共 14 ⻚）
【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享
3⃣ 4⃣
分析
阐述问
题：数据
保护是关
乎公司存
亡的管理
问题。
1⃣ 2⃣
提出
问题：公
司数据泄
露问题严
重。
5⃣
⻓难句
重点词汇
选项解析
1
ㄒ
36
.
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
2
万
7
3
厨
、 ,
4 7
39
.
呼吁加 5 7
40
快立法进
,
程以敦促
公司保护
数据安
全。
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
sssesosrotsnD36.Thestatement“Itneverrainsbutitpours”isusedtointroduce
[A] thefiercebusinesscompetition.
[B] thefeebleboss-boardrelations.
[C] thethreatfromnewsreports.
41 严重性
[D] theseverityofdataleakage.
A37.AccordingtoParagraph2,someorganizationschecktheirsystemstofindout
[A] whetherthereisanyweakpoint.
[B] whatsortofdatahasbeenstolen.
[C] whoisresponsiblefor theleakage.
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
[D] howthepotentialspiescanbelocated.
B38.InbringinguptheconceptofGASP theauthorismakingthepointthat
[A] shareholders’interestsshouldbeproperlyattendedto.
[B] informationprotectionshouldbegivendueattention.
42 加强
[C] businessesshouldenhancetheirlevelofaccountingsecurity.
[D] themarketvalueofcustomerdatashouldbeemphasized.
满分技巧1: 段中例一般看第一句或者例子前一句。
A
39.AccordingtoParagraph4,whatpuzzlestheauthoristhatsomebossesfailto
[A] seethelinkbetweentrustanddataprotection.
主旨沾边
[B] perceivethesensitivityofpersonaldata.
[C] realizethehighcostofdatarestoration.
[D] appreciatetheeconomicvalueoftrust.
D40.Itcanbeinferredfrom Paragraph5that
[A] dataleakageismoresevereinEurope.
[B] FTC’sdecisionisessentialtodatasecurity.
[C] Californiatakestheleadinsecuritylegislation.
[D] legalpenaltyisamajorsolutiontodataleakage.
满分技巧2:
【推段落】主旨主要出现在（重点看）：第1句、大写转折句和最后1句。优先看大写转折句和最后1句。
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
英语试题 . 10 . (共 14 ⻚）
dtessrsrrsreeonttetserooeseee
【微信公众号：陈叨叨杂货铺】免费分享文章主旨：公司数据管理的重要性
语篇分析：
1⃣ 2⃣
提出问题：公司数据泄露问题严重。
1⃣
开门见山：公司数据信息严重不安全。
2⃣
举例说明问题的严重性。
3⃣ 4⃣
分析阐述问题：数据保护是关乎公司存亡的管理问题。
3⃣
引证分析阐述问题：数据保护是关乎公司存亡的管理问题。
4⃣
明确指出公司管理层对数据保护认识不足及其严重后果：摧毁最富价
值的“信任”。
5⃣
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
呼吁加快立法进程以敦促公司保护数据安全。
全文翻译
莱布尼兹会上岸 整理
1⃣
不⾬则已，⾬则倾盆。正值⽼板、董事会们总算解决了最为辣⼿的财务和合规问题，并且改善了薄弱的
公司治理之际，⼀个新的问题⼜可能为他们惹来，尤其是在美国，那种不可避免地使管理层受重罚的负⾯
头条，这个问题就是：数据不安全。此前,信息保护⼀直是由古怪⽽⼜低级的信息技术员⼯来负责,并且被
看作只是诸如银⾏、电信、航空旅⾏这类拥有⼤量数据的⾏业才关注的问题,⽽现在却⾼居各⾏业⽼板的议
程表之⾸。
2⃣
今年⼏起重⼤的客户和员⼯数据泄露事件——发⽣于各类机构⾥，如时代华纳公司、美国国防项⽬承包
商科学应⽤国际公司、甚⾄加州⼤学伯克利分校——使得管理者们慌忙检查⾃身复杂精细的信息技术系统
和业务流程,以寻找潜在的漏洞。
3⃣
斯坦福⼤学商学院的海姆 •孟德尔森说：“数据正在变成⼀种资产,与任何其他资产⼀样,它也需要受到保
护。保护容户数据的能⼒是(保证）市场价值的关键，董事会应当为了股东的利益对市场价值负责。”的
确，正如有⼀般公认会计原则(GAAP) 的概念样,或许现在是该制定⼀般公认安全原则(GASP)的时候了，
纽约哥伦⽐亚⼤学商学院的伊莱•诺姆这样建议道。他指出：“为〔数据)安全、冗余以及恢复设⽴恰当的
投资标准是个管理问题，⽽不是技术问题。”
4⃣
难以理解的是,这竟然令所有的⽼板们都⼤吃⼀惊。⽆疑的是，即使最愚笨的管理⼈员也应该会清楚地
知道：信任，也即经济资产中最具价值的东⻄,很容易遭到破坏⽽修复起来代价⾼昂; 没有什么事情⽐企业
任由个⼈敏感信息落⼊别有⽤⼼的⼈⼿中更能破坏信任的了。
5⃣
(美国,⽽不是欧洲)⽋缺针对数据泄露的法律惩处,这种情况虽不⾄于证明当前事态合理,但却可能助⻓其
发展。加州最近通过了项法律,在此之前,美国的公司在数据丢失时⽆需通知任何⼈，甚⾄是受害者本⼈。
这种情况可能很快就会政变：⼤量有关数据安全的⽴法提案正在国会接受审议。与此同时，美国6
⽉17⽇披露的⼀起涉及⼤约4000 万信⽤卡账⼾的信息失窃案,⼜使得美国联邦贸易委员会头⼀天（16⽇)做
出的⼀项极为重⼤的决议——该决议警告美国商界，如果公司不能充分保障数据的安全，那么监管机构就
会采取措施——颜⾯尽失。公众号/⼩红书：莱布尼兹会上岸 获取更多考研资料
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