专题 02 阅读理解（说明文）
考查范围：主题、语篇范围
题号 难度 知识点
一、阅读理解
1 较易 社会问题与社会现象,说明文
2 适中 科学技术 ,说明文
3 适中 游戏,说明文
4 适中 环境保护,说明文,气候变化及影响
5 适中 情绪,体育健身 ,说明文
6 适中 科普知识 ,说明文
7 适中 健康饮食 ,说明文
8 适中 动物,科普知识 ,说明文
9 较难 科普知识 ,说明文
10 适中 信息技术 ,科学技术 ,说明文
11 较难 科普知识 ,说明文
12 适中 环境保护,说明文
13 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,人工智能
14 适中 科普知识 ,说明文,航空航天
15 适中 动物,科普知识 ,说明文
16 适中 方法/策略,说明文
（一）
（2025届新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区高三下学期一模）
The Influence of Social Media on Youth
Social media has become an integral part of the lives of today’s youth. It offers a platform for them to connect
with friends, share ideas, and express themselves. However, its impact is a double-edged sword.
On one hand, social media provides numerous educational opportunities. Many educational institutions and
organizations use social media platforms to disseminate knowledge. For example, there are language-learning groups
where members can practice speaking with each other, and science-related pages that share the latest research findings.
Youth can access a vast amount of information that can broaden their horizons and enhance their learning.
Moreover, social media helps in building social skills. Through online communication, young people can
interact with peers from different backgrounds. They learn how to express their opinions clearly, understand different
viewpoints, and develop empathy. For instance, in a debate group on social media, participants learn to respect others’ideas while stating their own.
On the other hand, social media also has its downsides. One of the major concerns is the issue of cyber-
bullying. Some individuals use social media platforms to harass, intimidate, or spread rumors about others. This can
have a severe negative impact on the mental health of the victims, leading to depression, anxiety, and low self-
esteem.
Another problem is the addiction to social media. The constant stream of notifications and the need to stay
updated can lead to excessive use. Youth may spend hours scrolling through their feeds, neglecting other important
aspects of their lives such as studies, physical activities, and face-to-face relationships.
In conclusion, social media has a significant influence on youth. While it offers many benefits, it also poses
several challenges. It is essential for parents, educators, and society as a whole to guide the youth to make the most
of social media’s advantages and minimize its disadvantages.
1．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To condemn the use of social media.
B．To promote the use of social media among youth.
C．To only focus on the negative effects of social media.
D．To discuss the positive and negative effects of social media on youth.
2．According to the passage, how does social media benefit youth educationally?
A．It replaces traditional educational institutions.
B．It only focuses on language learning.
C．It makes youth lazy in learning.
D．It provides a platform for knowledge sharing and learning.
3．What negative effect of social media is mentioned in the passage?
A．Building social skills. B．Cyber-bullying.
C．Connecting with friends. D．Enhancing learning.
4．How does the author view the impact of social media on young people?
A．Unconcerned. B．Completely negative.
C．Objective. D．Completely positive.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交媒体对年轻人的积极的和消极的影响。
1．推理判断题。文章开篇“Social media has become an integral part of the lives of today's youth. It offers aplatform for them to connect with friends, share ideas, and express themselves. However, its impact is a double-
edged sword.(社交媒体已成为当今年轻人生活中不可或缺的一部分。它为他们提供了一个与朋友联系、分
享想法和表达自己的平台。然而，它的影响是一把双刃剑)”指出社交媒体是年轻人生活中不可或缺的一部
分，接着从两个方面进行论述。一方面阐述了社交媒体在教育和社交技能培养方面的积极作用，如“Many
educational institutions and organizations use social media platforms to disseminate knowledge.(许多教育机构和
组织利用社交媒体平台传播知识)” 和“social media helps in building social skills.(社交媒体有助于培养社交
技能)”；另一方面又提到了社交媒体的消极影响，如网络欺凌和成瘾问题。所以文章主要是在讨论社交媒
体对年轻人的积极和消极影响。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据“Many educational institutions and organizations use social media platforms to
disseminate knowledge. For example, there are language-learning groups where members can practice speaking
with each other, and science - related pages that share the latest research findings.(许多教育机构和组织使用社交
媒体平台来传播知识。例如，有语言学习小组，成员可以练习互相交谈，还有与科学相关的页面，分享最
新的研究成果)”可知，社交媒体为知识分享和学习提供了平台。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段“One of the major concerns is the issue of cyber-bullying.(主要问题之一是网络
欺凌问题)”可知，网络欺凌是文中提到的社交媒体的一个主要负面问题。故选B。
4．推理判断题。作者在文章中既谈到了社交媒体对年轻人的积极影响，如提供教育机会、培养社交技能
等，又谈到了消极影响，如网络欺凌和成瘾问题。最后还提出要引导年轻人充分利用其优势，减少其劣势，
这表明作者的态度是客观的。故选C。
（二）
（2025届新疆维吾尔自治区喀什地区高三下学期一模）
Engineer Kerstin Göpfrich builds machines. But rather than building metal devices, she makes tiny ones to
work inside our cells. Göpfrich leads a research group focusing on the “engineering of life” at the Max Planck Institute
for Medical Research in Heidelberg, Germany.
Our cells are already full of nature- made machines carrying out the daily tasks of living. Many are proteins.
But sometimes our natural protein- machines don’t work right. Broken biomachinery causes many diseases, So
scientists are considering how they might fix faulty proteins. They might wire up artificial nerves to replace damaged
ones.
And the potential for such devices goes beyond making repairs. Scientists are looking at how to give cells new
abilities, hoping that by developing enough novel biomachines, they might make new forms of life. So if a protein is
faulty, why not make a new one in the lab?Back when Frankie Rawson was a student, he asked his teachers that. Now a nanotechnologist at the University
of Nottingham in England, Rawson has answered his own question, “It turns out that we’ re not very good at artificially
re- creating what biology does.”
Biologists like Rawson and Göpfrich found a workaround. They’re creating nanomachines that do the same
jobs as proteins. With the right design, these nanomachines can do so easier at less cost. They also can be more stable
using fewer ingredients.
To build them, researchers work with many types of materials. Rawson uses carbon nanotubes. Göpfrich even
uses biological molecules, such as DNA．Rather than heal old or damaged body parts, she’d replace them with new
ones.
Scientists have learned to make small synthetic (合成的) biology fixes. Our cells must work together. “Think
of them like the wiring of a house,” Rawson says. Flip a switch, and a light turns on. That’s a big- scale effect. But
each small piece in the system must work properly to get that end effect.
5．What does paragraph 2 intend to tell us?
A．The cost of repairing proteins. B．The prospect for nature- made machines.
C．The challenge of natural protein- machines. D．The background of creating new biomachines.
6．Why is Rawson mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To present scientists’ failure in biology. B．To convey his idea of life engineering.
C．To show making proteins in the lab is hard. D．To explain why nanotechnology is important.
7．Which can best explain the underlined word “workground” in paragraph 5?
A．A new dilemma. B．A difficult condition.
C．An alternative solution. D．An unbelievable story.
8．What does the last paragraph mainly express?
A．The effect of proteins on our body. B．The combination of the wiring of a house.
C．The complexity of the human body system. D．The precision required for synthetic biology.
【答案】5．D 6．C 7．C 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家在生命工程和纳米技术领域的研究进展，特别是关于
如何制造能在细胞内工作的微型机器（纳米机器）来替代或修复受损的生物机器（蛋白质）。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Our cells are already full of nature- made machines carrying out the daily
tasks of living. Many are proteins. But sometimes our natural protein- machines don’t work right. Broken
biomachinery causes many diseases, So scientists are considering how they might fix faulty proteins. They mightwire up artificial nerves to replace damaged ones.(我们的细胞已经充满了自然形成的机器，执行着生命活动的
日常任务。其中许多是蛋白质。但有时我们的天然蛋白质机器会出现故障。生物机器损坏会引发许多疾病，
因此科学家们正在考虑如何修复有缺陷的蛋白质。他们可能会用人工神经来替换受损的神经。)”可知，第
二段作者想要介绍一下科学家们想要创造新型生物机器的背景知识，也就是希望用这种新型生物机器修复
有缺陷的蛋白质和替换受损的神经。故选D。
6．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Back when Frankie Rawson was a student, he asked his teachers that. Now a
nanotechnologist at the University of Nottingham in England, Rawson has answered his own question, “It turns out
that we’ re not very good at artificially re- creating what bi ology does.”(当Frankie Rawson还是学生的时候，他
就问过老师这个问题。现在，作为英国诺丁汉大学的一名纳米技术专家，Rawson已经回答了自己的问题：
“事实证明，我们在人工复制生物所做的事情方面并不擅长。”)”可知，第四段提到Rawson主要是因为他
曾作为学生时向老师提出过关于在实验室制造新蛋白质的问题，而现在作为纳米技术专家的他回答了这个
问题，指出“我们在人工复制生物所做的事情方面并不擅长”。这表明在实验室制造蛋白质是困难的。故
选C。
7．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“They’re creating nanomachines that do the same jobs as proteins. With the
right design, these nanomachines can do so easier at less cost. They also can be more stable using fewer
ingredients.(他们正在创造能做蛋白质相同工作的纳米机器。有了正确的设计，这些纳米机器可以更容易、
更廉价地完成工作。它们使用的成分更少，因此也可以更加稳定。)”可知，他们找到了一种解决方法来解
决上文提到的不擅长人工复制生物的问题。由此可知，划线词workground为“解决方法”之意。选项A“A
new dilemma (一个新的困境)”；选项B“A difficult condition (一个困难的状况)”；选项C“An alternative
solution (一个替代的解决方案)”；选项D“An unbelievable story (一个不可思议的故事)”。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Scientists have learned to make small synthetic(合成的)biology fixes. Our
cells must work together. “Think of them like the wiring of a house,” Rawson says. Flip a switch, and a light turns
on. That’s a big- scale effect. But each small piece in the system must work properly to get that end effect.(科学家
们已经学会了进行小型合成生物学修复。我们的细胞必须协同工作。“可以把它们想象成房屋的布线，”
Rawson说。拨动开关，灯就会亮。这是一个大规模的效果。但系统中的每一个小部件都必须正常工作，
才能实现这一最终效果。)”可知，最后一段通过将人体细胞比作房屋的布线，强调每个小部分都必须正常
工作才能达到最终效果，这突出了合成生物学所需的精确性和准确性。故选D。
（三）
（2025届自治区普通高考适应性检测分学科一模）
In a world where ever-changing high-end techniques are redefining the lifestyles of “Generation Z”, a gamenamed Black Myth: Wukong, with its exquisite scenarios and Chinese culture genes, has brought about a mania
among gaming enthusiasts worldwide.
Within 10 hours of its official release globally, the Triple-A game had over two million concurrent players on
Steam. The unexpected success of the game, developed by a private Chinese company over six years, has allowed
people to appreciate exotic Chinese traditional culture in addition to the fun and joy of playing the game.
Wukong, or Monkey King, is an iconic figure from Journey to the West—a Chinese classic novel dating back
about 500 years. Back to the essence, just as Feng Ji, the game’s producer, said,
“The game is good enough in quality to attract games to soak into the Chinese god-evil story.” An ongoing hot
discussion on Reddit’s online game community shows games are “hardworking” on every detail of the novel.
Games combining iconic cultural elements may be regarded as a form of cultural exchange. Indeed, enjoying
the game could be a journey to experience the beauty of Chinese culture—its music, landscapes, architecture, clothes,
or even folk tales. “Traditional culture is right there, and you’ll like it when you see it,” said the game’s art director,
Yang Qi. “What we can do is to give people a closer look through the game.”
China’s abundance of well-preserved historical buildings offered the domestic game developer an innate
advantage. Digitally scanning ancient buildings to present them in the game is more cost-saving and provides a better
authentic experience.
Of course, a game is a game. China will always welcome travelers from around the world who want to explore
and learn more about its profound culture.
As a Reddit user wrote, “I (American) have been waiting so long to have more Chinese influence in the Western
game sphere. Chinese culture and mythology are rich. I hope we can get more stuff like this. Would love to go to
China someday.”
9．What does the underlined word “mania” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．challenge B．reflection C．craze D．pursuit
10．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The developer of the game. B．The popularity of the game.
C．The influence of the game. D．The contents of the game.
11．What are the games talking about on Reddit’s online game community?
A．The hard work of producers. B．The description of Chinese culture.
C．The fun of playing the game. D．The plots of Journey to the West.
12．Why is the game popular among players worldwide?
A．It promotes exotic folk tales. B．It protects ancient buildings.C．It contains traditional Chinese culture. D．It includes breathtaking landscapes.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．D 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。 文章介绍了一款名为《黑神话: 悟空》的游戏, 凭借其精美的剧情和中国文
化基因, 在全球游戏爱好者中掀起了一股热潮。
9．词句猜测题。 根据第二段“Within 10 hours of its official release globally, the Triple-A game had over two
million concurrent players on Steam.(在全球正式发布10个小时内，这款AAA级游戏在Steam上的并发玩家
就超过了200万。)”可知，这款游戏引起了一阵狂热，划线词mania的意思是“狂热”，和craze意思相近。
故选C。
10．主旨大意题。 根据第二段“Within 10 hours of its official release globally, the Triple-A game had over two
million concurrent players on Steam. The unexpected success of the game, developed by a private Chinese
company over six years, has allowed people to appreciate exotic Chinese traditional culture in addition to the fun
and joy of playing the game.(在全球正式发布10个小时内，这款AAA级游戏在Steam上的并发玩家就超过
了200万。这款由中国一家私营公司历时六年开发的游戏取得了意想不到的成功，让人们在享受游戏乐趣
的同时，还能领略到中国传统文化的异彩。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是游戏的受欢迎程度。故选B。
11．细节理解题。 根据第三段“Wukong, or Monkey King, is an iconic figure from Journey to the West—a
Chinese classic novel dating back about 500 years.(悟空，或称孙悟空，是《西游记》中的一个标志性人物。
《西游记》是一部可以追溯到500年前的中国经典小说。)”和第四段““The game is good enough in quality
to attract games to soak into the Chinese god-evil story.” An ongoing hot discussion on Reddit’s online game
community shows games are “hardworking” on every detail of the novel.(“这款游戏的质量足以吸引其他游戏沉
浸在中国的神鬼故事中。”Reddit在线游戏社区正在进行的一场热议表明，游戏在小说的每个细节上都
“努力”。)”可知，游戏讨论的是《西游记》的情节。故选D。
12．推理判断题。根据第五段“Games combining iconic cultural elements may be regarded as a form of cultural
exchange. Indeed, enjoying the game could be a journey to experience the beauty of Chinese culture—its music,
landscapes, architecture, clothes, or even folk tales. “Traditional culture is right there, and you’ll like it when you
see it,” said the game’s art director, Yang Qi.(结合标志性文化元素的游戏可以看作是一种文化交流的形式。事
实上，享受比赛可以是一次体验中国文化之美的旅程——音乐、风景、建筑、服装，甚至民间故事。“传
统文化就在那里，当你看到它的时候，你会喜欢它的，”游戏的艺术总监Yang Qi说。)”可知，这款游戏
在全球玩家中如此受欢迎是因为它包含了中国传统文化。故选C。（四）
（2025届自治区普通高考适应性检测分学科一模）
Yatir forest looks like a normal desert in winter. The only sounds are the buzzing of insects and the occasional
roar of a plane. In spring, though, this place bursts with new life. Pink and yellow wildflowers carpet the forest floor;
camels and horses graze in open meadows. Foxes, rabbits, fieldmice, and snakes all dwell in Yatir - a human-made
oasis on the northwest edge of the Negev Desert, around 30 miles south of Jerusalem.
Planted in the 1960s by the Jewish National Fund (JNF), a non-profit land development agency that manages
more than a tenth of the country, Yatir is Israel’s largest planted forest. Had these hills been left alone, they might be
covered in low shrubs like Jerusalem sage and hairy bread-grass. Instead, four million trees, 90 percent of them hardy
Aleppo pine, spread over almost12 square miles of semi-arid land.
“For us, Yatir is a laboratory where we study the forest’s effect on climate, at the edge of the conditions for
forest growth,” says Rotenberg, who joined the project in 2000. “What we learn now about Yatir will be serving a
warmer, dryer world in many regions. ”
Fifteen years’ worth of measurements in Yatir, beginning in 2001, do show that the forest takes up a surprising
amount of carbon - as much as forests in more humid areas, says Rafat Qubaja, a Palestinian researcher. Semi-arid
shrub and grasslands cover nearly a fifth of the planet’s land, some10 million square miles; if they all were planted
with trees, the Yatir results suggest, they might absorb around 10 percent of current fossil fuel emissions.
At Yatir, Rotenberg says, “we are always surprised by the ability of trees to survive. ” Even during an extreme
drought from 2008 to 2009, when the forest endured 349 straight days without rain, most trees persevered.
“I’m sure if no one touches the forest in 100 years, when you visit here, you’ ll see pine trees standing,”
Rotenberg says, “The forest won’t give up easily. ”
13．What can be learned from the Yatir forest?
A．It’s an oasis before 1960. B．It has an energetic spring.
C．It’s the largest planted forest. D．It presents nothing but sounds.
14．What does the Yatir project aim to do?
A．To diversify current species.
B．To conserve a habitat for new life.
C．To stimulate the growth of trees in the forest.
D．To learn the link between the forest and climate.
15．What does the author imply by mentioning semi-arid shrub and grasslands?A．Further efforts should be invested.
B．More fossil fuel emissions can be absorbed.
C．Trees are vital to absorb carbon emission.
D．It’s hard to measure Yatir’s effect on climate.
16．What’s Rotenberg’s attitude towards the future of Yatir?
A．Unclear. B．Critical.
C．Confident. D．Dismissive.
【答案】13．B 14．D 15．A 16．C
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文。文章主要说明研究人员为研究森林对气候的影响，人工种植了亚蒂尔森林，
介绍了该森林的现状，种植初衷，以及后期发展方向。
13．细节理解题。 根据第一段中的“In spring, though, this place bursts with new life. Pink and yellow
wildflowers carpet the forest floor; camels and horses graze in open meadows. Foxes, rabbits, fieldmice, and snakes
all dwell in Yatir - a human-made oasis on the northwest edge of the Negev Desert, around 30 miles south of
Jerusalem. (然而，在春天，这个地方充满了新的生命。粉红色和黄色的野花铺满了森林的地面；骆驼和马
在开阔的草地上吃草。狐狸、兔子、田鼠和蛇都生活在雅迪尔——一个位于内盖夫沙漠西北边缘、耶路撒
冷以南约30英里处的人造绿洲。)”可知，该森林的春天生机勃勃。故选B。
14．细节理解题。 根据第三段中的““For us, Yatir is a laboratory where we study the forest’s effect on
climate, at the edge of the conditions for forest growth,” says Rotenberg, who joined the project in 2000. (“对我们
来说，雅迪尔是一个实验室，我们在森林生长条件的边缘研究森林对气候的影响，”2000年加入该项目的
Rotenberg说。)”可知，该项目的目的在于研究森林对气候的影响。故选D。
15．推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“Semi-arid shrub and grasslands cover nearly a fifth of the planet’s land,
some10 million square miles; if they all were planted with trees, the Yatir results suggest, they might absorb around
10 percent of current fossil fuel emissions. (半干旱的灌木和草原覆盖了地球近五分之一的土地，约1000万平
方英里；亚提尔的研究结果表明，如果它们都种上树木，它们可能会吸收目前化石燃料排放的10%左
右。)”可知，草地面积大，如果将来加以利用，则有助于吸收二氧化碳。 由此可推知作者建议将来投入更
多努力。故选A。
16．推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的““I’m sure if no one touches the forest in 100 years, when you visit
here, you’ ll see pine trees standing,” Rotenberg says, “The forest won’t give up easily. ” (“我敢肯定，如果100年
内没有人碰过这片森林，当你来到这里时，你会看到松树站立着，”罗滕贝格说，“这片森林不会轻易放弃。”)”可知，作者相信森林里的树具有极强的生命力，可推断作者对该项目的态度是积极的。故选C。
（五）
（2025届黑龙江省哈尔滨市东北三省四市教研联合体高三下学期一模）
A new global review of data from the Spanish study found that increasing the number of daily steps, even if at
modest levels, was associated with a reduction in depressive symptom (症状). Researchers led by Jimenez-Lopez, of
the University of Castile-La Mancha, noted there’s already solid evidence that exercise of any kind is a natural
antidepressant. But what about something as easy as walking? To find out, they looked at data from high-quality
studies on daily step counts and their links to mental health.
The new review covered 33 studies with a total of more than 96,000 adults worldwide, including those who
used fitness-tracker devices to calculate their daily steps. Compared to a baseline of 5,000 steps taken per day, folks
who took even 1,000 more steps daily saw a 9% drop in their chances for developing depression, the researchers
found. Those benefits quickly mounted up. Compared to folks walking 5,000 steps per day or less, those who walked
7,000 steps per day had a 31% lower chances for depression. “In addition, counts above 7,500 steps per day were
associated with a 43% lower frequency of depression,” Jimenez-Lopez and colleagues wrote, and those trends held
true for “all age groups, females and males.” There did seem to be a leveling out of mental health benefits at about
10,000 steps per day, the data showed.
As has been observed in studies on mental health, up to a level of about 10,000 steps per day causes the chances
for depression to decline. However, the researchers revealed that increasing the number of steps beyond this point
may not lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms.
Furthermore, the new findings add walking to many other forms of physical activity — weight training, yoga
and even Tai Chi — as ways to help prevent depression. “Setting goals for the number of daily steps can be a
rewarding and inclusive public health strategy for the prevention of depression,” the study suggested.
17．What can be inferred about the Spanish study from paragraph 1?
A．It contradicts former study results. B．It looks into effects of any exercise.
C．It focuses on depression treatment. D．It confirms the benefits of walking.
18．What drives changes in frequency of depression in Jimenez-Lopez’research?
A．Step counts. B．Age range. C．Exercise type. D．Gender difference.
19．What can be concluded about walking over 10, 000 steps per day?
A．Risks of other diseases drop sharply. B．Physical health improves dramatically.
C．The stress level declines less obviously. D．Depressive symptoms totally disappear.20．What is the best title for the text?
A．Exercise Types: Comparing Benefits.
B．Step Counts: A Natural Mood Controller.
C．Fitness Trackers: Promoting Daily Activity.
D．Public Health: Strategies Against Depression.
【答案】17．D 18．A 19．C 20．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项全球性的研究，探讨了增加日常步行步数与减少抑郁症状之
间的关系。研究表明，即使是适度增加步行步数，也能显著降低患抑郁症的风险。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段中“A new global review of data from the Spanish study found that increasing the
number of daily steps, even if at modest levels, was associated with a reduction in depressive symptom. (一项对西
班牙研究数据的全球新综述发现，增加每日步数，即使只是适度增加，也与抑郁症状的减少有关)”可推知，
西班牙研究证实了步行的好处，故选D项。
18．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Compared to a baseline of 5,000 steps taken per day, folks who took even
1,000 more steps daily saw a 9% drop in their chances for developing depression, the researchers found. Those
benefits quickly mounted up. Compared to folks walking 5,000 steps per day or less, those who walked 7,000 steps
per day had a 31% lower chances for depression. “In addition, counts above 7,500 steps per day were associated
with a 43% lower frequency of depression,” Jimenez-Lopez and colleagues wrote, and those trends held true for
“all age groups, females and males.” (研究人员发现，与每天走5000步的基线相比，每天多走1000步的人患
抑郁症的几率降低了9%。这些好处迅速累积起来。与每天走5000步或更少的人相比，每天走7000步的人
患抑郁症的几率降低了31%。希门尼斯-洛佩兹及其同事写道：“此外，每天步数超过7500步与抑郁症发
作频率降低43%相关。”而且这些趋势对“所有年龄组、男性和女性”都适用)”可知，在希门尼斯-洛佩兹
的研究中，是每日的步数驱动了抑郁症发作频率的变化，故选A项。
19．推理判断题。根据第三段“As has been observed in studies on mental health, up to a level of about 10,000
steps per day causes the chances for depression to decline. However, the researchers revealed that increasing the
number of steps beyond this point may not lead to a significant reduction in depressive symptoms. (正如在心理健
康研究中观察到的那样，每天步行约10000步会使患抑郁症的几率下降。然而，研究人员透露，超过这一
点增加步数可能不会导致抑郁症状显著减少)”可推知，每天步行超过10000步，压力水平下降得就不那么
明显了，故选C项。
20．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Furthermore, the new findings add walking to many other forms of physicalactivity — weight training, yoga and even Tai Chi — as ways to help prevent depression. “Setting goals for the
number of daily steps can be a rewarding and inclusive public health strategy for the prevention of depression,” the
study suggested.(此外，新发现将步行与许多其他形式的体育活动——举重训练、瑜伽甚至太极——一起作
为帮助预防抑郁症的方法。研究建议：“设定每日步数目标可以成为一种有益且包容的公共卫生策略，用
于预防抑郁症。”)”可知，文章主要探讨了步行步数与心理健康之间的关系，特别是步行对预防抑郁症的
效果。最佳标题是B项“步行步数：一种天然的情绪调节器”。故选B项。
（六）
（2025届黑龙江省哈尔滨市东北三省四市教研联合体高三下学期一模）
If you ever feel that the world is against you, you are not alone. We all have a tendency to assume that when
anything goes wrong, the fault lies in some great intrigue (诡计) against us. If a co-worker fails the deadline, he must
be trying to beat you to a promotion. When Wi-Fi in a coffee shop is not working, the staff must be lying about having
it just to attract you in.
But the fact is that the simple explanations, which we tend to jump to, are barely true. Maybe your co-worker
thought today was Tuesday, not Wednesday. Maybe the Wi-Fi just went wrong. This is where Hanlon’s razor works
— a useful mental model that one should never consider what can be fully explained by neglect (疏忽) as doing harm
on purpose.
Applying Hanlon’s razor, a helpful tool for rapid decision-making and comprehension, in our daily lives makes
us less judgmental, and improve our reasoning skills. Meanwhile, Hanlon’s razor allows us to have more empathy (同理
心) and teaches us not to assume the worst intention in the actions of others, the value of which is most pronounced
in relationships, business matters, and personal happiness.
We all lead complex lives where things are constantly going wrong. When this occurs, a common response is
to blame the nearest person and assume they have bad intention. When someone messes up around us, we forget how
many times we, too, have done the same. Instead, the perpetrator becomes a source of intense annoyance.
To assume intention in such a situation is likely to worsen the problem. None of us can ever know what
someone else wants. Inability or neglect is far more likely to be the genuine cause than the desire to hurt. When a
situation annoys us, it can be valuable to consider if those emotions are necessary. Often, the best way to react to
other people causing us problems is by seeking to communicate with them, not to dismiss them. In this way, we can
avoid repeats of the same situation.
21．What can we learn about Hanlon’s Razor?
A．It is a way to solve colleagues’ problems.B．It avoids taking neglect as intentional harm.
C．It is a device for restoring Wi-Fi connection.
D．It identifies who is responsible for mistakes.
22．What do we usually do when things fail?
A．We turn to trustworthy persons. B．We change current situations.
C．We deal with negative emotions. D．We misjudge others’ intention.
23．What does the underlined “the perpetrator” in paragraph 4 refer to?
A．The mind reader. B．The error maker.
C．The problem solver. D．The event planner.
24．What is suggested when others cause problems?
A．Losing temper to them. B．Putting them on the spot.
C．Exchanging ideas with them. D．Turning a blind eye to him.
【答案】21．B 22．D 23．B 24．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了汉隆剃刀原理及其在生活中的应用。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段“This is where Hanlon’s razor works — a useful mental model that one should
never consider what can be fully explained by neglect (疏忽) as doing harm on purpose. (这就是汉隆剃刀起作用
的地方——一个有用的心理模型，一个人永远不应该把完全可以用忽视来解释的事情看作是故意造成伤
害。)”可知，汉隆剃刀原理是一种有用的思维模式，即不应该把可以用疏忽来充分解释的事情当作故意的
伤害。故选B。
22．细节理解题。根据第一段“We all have a tendency to assume that when anything goes wrong, the fault lies
in some great intrigue (诡计) against us. (我们都倾向于认为，一旦出了问题，问题就出在某个针对我们的大
阴谋上。)”和第三段“Applying Hanlon’s razor, a helpful tool for rapid decision-making and comprehension, in
our daily lives makes us less judgmental, and improve our reasoning skills. (汉隆剃刀是一种快速决策和理解的
有用工具，在日常生活中应用它可以减少我们的判断，提高我们的推理能力。)”可知，当事情出错时，我
们往往会认为是有人故意针对我们，而汉隆剃刀原理能让我们减少这种错误判断。所以当事情失败时，我
们通常会错误判断他人的意图。故选D。
23．词句猜测题。根据第四段“When someone messes up around us, we forget how many times we, too, have
done the same. Instead, the perpetratorbecomes a source of intense annoyance.(当他人犯错搞砸事情时，我们忘
记自己也曾如此，反而将the perpetrator 视为烦恼来源。)”可知，这里的“the perpetrator”指的是那些犯错、
搞砸事情的人，成了极度恼怒的来源。即“the error maker (犯错的人)”。故选B。24．细节理解题。根据最后一段“When a situation annoys us, it can be valuable to consider if those emotions
are necessary. Often, the best way to react to other people causing us problems is by seeking to communicate with
them, not to dismiss them. In this way, we can avoid repeats of the same situation. (当一种情况让我们烦恼时，
考虑一下这些情绪是否必要是很有价值的。通常，对给我们带来麻烦的人做出反应的最佳方式是寻求与他
们沟通，而不是忽视他们。这样，我们就可以避免同样的情况再次发生。)”可知，当别人给我们造成问题
时，最好的反应方式是寻求与他们沟通，也就是与他们交流想法。故选C。
（七）
（2025届黑龙江省名校协作体高三下学期一模）
Exposure to a high-sugar diet has previously been linked to a raised risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes (糖尿病)
and high blood pressure. Whether this is a causal link is unclear, and investigations into such questions are
hampered since it’s hard for researchers to force people to follow specific diets. But the same isn’t true of wartime
governments, so Gracner at the University of Southern California and her colleagues made use of a situation in World
War Ⅱ that acted like a natural experiment.
In January 1940, a few months into the war, the UK began rationing (配给) food, which included limiting
adults to around 40 grams of sugar daily. When rationing ended in September 1953, people rapidly increased their
sugar consumption.
Gracner’s team analyzed the health records of people surveyed between 2006 and 2019, all raised during the
last few years of rationing and exposed to limited sugar intake before and after birth. The researchers also looked at
the same data from people born a year or so after rationing ended. The two groups had a similar family history of
type 2 diabetes, to enable comparisons between them. Across both groups, the occurrence of type 2 diabetes and high
blood pressure was much lower for those who were raised during rationing. Members of this group had a 35% lower
chance of developing type 2 diabetes by their mid-60s, and those who did so were on average four years later than
those raised after rationing ended.
Grucially, while rationing saw many changes in the diets of British people, it appears that cutting down on
sugar made a big difference. One explanation might be that early exposure to sugar sets up a preference for eating
sweet things throughout life. It could also lead to changes that reduce how well people control blood sugar levels,
raising the risk of type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure, Gracner says.
“The results show there are clear benefits in cutting down on sugar, ” says Scott Montgomery in Sweden.
“People should reduce sugar intake to the recommended levels. ”
25．What does the underlined word “hampered” in paragraph 1 mean?A．Strengthened. B．Visualized. C．Anticipated. D．Blocked.
26．What happened after the ending of rationing in the UK?
A．A limit was set to adults’ daily consumption of sugar.
B．People’s daily sugar consumption increased sharply.
C．Some people suffered bad health for lack of food.
D．Research began on the effect of poor nutrition.
27．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．What mainly contributed to type 2 diabetes.
B．Why limited exposure to sugar benefited people.
C．How Gracner’s team carried out their research.
D．What age groups were at the risk of high blood pressure.
28．What was the impact of the rationing system in the UK?
A．It delayed people’s developing type 2 diabetes.
B．It left people exposed to sugar at an early age.
C．It raised people’s awareness of the value of food.
D．It reduced people’s ability to control blood sugar level.
【答案】25．D 26．B 27．C 28．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了高糖饮食历来被认为与肥胖、二型糖尿病和高血压的风险增加
有关，文章分析了人们摄入糖分的历史记录以及研究结果表明，减少糖的摄入有明显的好处。
25．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“since it’s hard for researchers to force people to follow specific diets(因为
研究人员很难强迫人们遵循特定的饮食习惯)”可知，因为很难让人们遵循特定饮食，即对这些问题的调查
受到了阻碍，故划线词意思是“阻碍”。故选D。
26．细节理解题。根据第二段“When rationing ended in September 1953, people rapidly increased their sugar
consumption.(1953年9月定量配给结束后，人们的糖消费量迅速增加)”可知，英国配给制结束后，人们的
每日糖消费量急剧增加。故选B。
27．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Gracner’s team analyzed the health records of people surveyed between 2006
and 2019, all raised during the last few years of rationing and exposed to limited sugar intake before and after birth.
The researchers also looked at the same data from people born a year or so after rationing ended. The two groups
had a similar family history of type 2 diabetes, to enable comparisons between them. Across both groups, the
occurrence of type 2 diabetes and high blood pressure was much lower for those who were raised during rationing.Members of this group had a 35% lower chance of developing type 2 diabetes by their mid-60s, and those who did
so were on average four years later than those raised after rationing ended.(格拉克纳的团队分析了 2006 年至
2019 年间接受调查人群的健康记录，这些人在过去几年的配给制期间出生，并且在出生前后都受到了有
限的糖分摄入量的影响。研究人员还查看了配给制结束一年左右出生的人群的数据。这两个群体在 2 型
糖尿病的家族病史方面相似，以便对它们进行比较。在两个群体中，配给制期间出生的人群患 2 型糖尿
病和高血压的比例都要低得多。这一群体中，到 60 多岁时患 2 型糖尿病的几率降低了 35%，而且发病
平均要晚于配给制结束后出生的人群四岁左右)”可知，第三段主要讲述了Gracner团队的研究过程，包括分
析不同人群的健康记录等。故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据第三段“Members of this group had a 35% lower chance of developing type 2 diabetes
by their mid-60s, and those who did so were on average four years later than those raised after rationing ended.(这
一群体中，到 60 多岁时患 2 型糖尿病的几率降低了 35%，而且发病平均要晚于配给制结束后出生的人
群四岁左右)”可知，英国配给制度延迟了人们患2型糖尿病的时间。故选A。
（八）
（2025届黑龙江省名校协作体高三下学期一模）
A new study led by PhD candidate Ashley Kim and Professor James Nieh has found that artificial light is not
only a health concern for humans, it also affects the sleep patterns of honeybees and poses a threat to their essential
role as pollinators (传粉者).
“Our research shows just how sensitive honeybees are to changes in their environment, particularly to something
as seemingly harmless as artificial light,” said. Kim of the study: “By disturbing their sleep patterns, we see clear
evidence of reduced sleep periods. This raises significant concerns, not only for bee health but also for the health of
ecosystems that depend on them for pollination.”
Honeybees generally prefer to nest in dark environments, although a small-amount of light can enter from the
entrance. Sleeping bees typically remain immobile but exhibit certain movements if disturbed by nestmates.
Like us, when bees experience a poor night’s sleep, problems in behavior and function emerge. Sleep is crucial
for the health and fitness of groups of bees since they depend on a complicated system of communication known as
the “waggle dance” that informs nestmates about the location of food sources in the environment. Bees dance more
poorly and therefore do not communicate as well if they do not get enough sleep.
Through a series of experiments, researchers compared groups of bees that underwent normal sleep in the dark
with others that were subjected to continuous artificial light. The results clearly showed that prolonged (长期的)
exposure to light significantly affected the sleep pattern of honeybees, leading to bad behaviors.Among the details described in the paper, bees exposed to continuous light slept less and were more frequently
disturbed by other bees compared to those kept in normal darkness. Also, bees exposed to continuous light exhibited a
preference for darker areas within their experimental cages.
“Understanding the factors that affect bee health, such as light pollution, is essential for developing strategies
to protect pollinator populations. With artificial light increasing, this research throws light on how such disturbances
may be harming pollinators.” said Nieh.
29．What effect does artificial light have on bees?
A．Changing the color of bees. B．Reducing the number of bees.
C．Making bees less sensitive. D．Shortening bees’ sleep time.
30．What can we infer about bees from paragraph 4?
A．Sleep is no light matter for bees. B．Bees dance to show the food amount.
C．It is easy for bees to have sleep problems. D．Bees have the same sleep habits as humans.
31．What did researchers find in their experiments?
A．Long sleep leads to bees’ bad behavior. B．Sleeping bees remain motionless completely.
C．Bees under continuous light like darker places. D．Honeybees prefer to nest in bright environments.
32．What is mainly talked about in the text?
A．The variety of bees’ sleep pattern. B．The factors that affect bees’ sleep.
C．The harm of artificial light on bees. D．The link between pollinators and ecosystems.
【答案】29．D 30．A 31．C 32．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了人造光对蜜蜂睡眠模式的影响以及带来的危害。
29．细节理解题。根据第二段“By disturbing their sleep patterns, we see clear evidence of reduced sleep
periods.(通过干扰他们的睡眠模式，我们看到了睡眠时间减少的明显证据)” 可知，人造光会缩短蜜蜂的睡
眠时间。故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据第四段“Sleep is crucial for the health and fitness of groups of bees since they depend on
a complicated system of communication known as the “waggle dance” that informs nestmates about the location of
food sources in the environment. Bees dance more poorly and therefore do not communicate as well if they do not
get enough sleep.(睡眠对一群蜜蜂的健康和适应至关重要，因为它们依赖于一种被称为“摇摆舞”的复杂交
流系统，该系统将环境中食物来源的位置告知筑巢同伴。因此如果它们没有得到足够的睡眠，蜜蜂的舞蹈
更差，它们就不能很好地交流)”可知，睡眠对蜜蜂很重要，故选A。
31．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Also, bees exposed to continuous light exhibited a preference for darkerareas within their experimental cages.(此外，暴露在持续光线下的蜜蜂表现出对实验笼中较暗区域的偏好)”可
知，研究人员在实验中发现，持续暴露在人造光下的蜜蜂喜欢较暗的地方，故选C。
32．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study led by PhD candidate Ashley Kim and Professor James Nieh has
found that artificial light is not only a health concern for humans, it also affects the sleep, patterns of honeybees and
poses a threat to their essential role as pollinators (传粉者).(由博士候选人Ashley Kim和James Nieh教授领导
的一项新研究发现，人造光不仅会影响人类的健康，还会影响蜜蜂的睡眠和模式，并对它们作为传粉者的
重要作用构成威胁)”以及文章主要讲述了人造光对蜜蜂睡眠模式的影响以及带来的危害可知，C选项“人
造光对蜜蜂的危害”符合文章主旨。故选C。
（九）
（2025届吉林省白城市洮北区白城市第一中学高三下学期一模）
Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden during waking consciousness. In
Jungian philosophy, the conflict and chaos experienced in dreams finally bring order to our lives. While Jung’s
mystical theories were debatable, he was not mistaken about the importance of dreaming. A growing number of
reports show that a continuous lack of dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways.
This trend is causing damage to our immune and metabolic (新陈代谢的) systems, let alone the electronic
products that keep us up late at night are ruining our sleep patterns, which has long-term consequences for our memory
system. One study showed that not allowing mice to have adequate amounts of REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep,
the stage in which we dream, the mice couldn’t strengthen memories.
You might think this is just a sleep problem, but dreaming is inseparable from our nighttime rest. We sleep in
cycles (周期) , each lasting about 90 minutes; in a sleep cycle, we go through non-REM sleep before hitting REM.
As the night progresses, REM sleep periods increase in length while deep sleep (one of the stages of non-REM sleep)
decreases. The longer we sleep, the more time we spend in REM, which is why we are often dreaming when waking
up in the morning. If we sleep less than seven hours, however, it becomes harder to achieve this level of REM.
The combination of sleeping and dreaming acts as an emotional stabilizer. We recover from emotional hurt
faster when we sleep and dream properly. However, we’re not getting enough sleep to cycle through the stages to
take advantage of this natural circadian anti-depressant (抗抑郁药) — dreams. Instead, we get depressed and turn to
alcohol or medicines to get to sleep, which only makes things worse because even one drink leads to late REM while
anti-depressants promote deep sleep at the expense of REM.
We’re paying for this lack of dreaming in many ways. For example, a 2021 study stated that compared with
quiet rest and non-REM sleep, REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration (整合) ofunassociated information. Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems
requiring creative solutions.
Rowan Hooper, the managing editor at New Scientist, writes that dreams that include an “emotional core”
appear to be a main function of REM sleep and that we should look at sleep patterns as seriously as we look at diet
and exercise habits.
33．What’s Carl Jung’s view about dreams?
A．They cause chaos. B．They damage immunity.
C．They reveal secrets. D．They mirror reality.
34．Why is the sleep process explained in paragraph 3?
A．To show a dream mainly occurs during REM sleep. B．To prove the minimum sleep time should be
seven hours.
C．To prove dream problems and sleep problems are attached. D．To show people often dream when
waking up in the morning.
35．What conclusion can be inferred from paragraph 5?
A．Dreaming promotes creativity. B．Dreaming helps fight depression.
C．The brain still receives new information during REM sleep. D．The brain is paying the price for having
more non-REM sleep.
36．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．The importance of sleep lies in dreams. B．The absence of dreams is terrible for us.
C．Dreaming patterns are more important than we realize. D．Dreaming has mystical power of
strengthening memories.
【答案】33．D 34．C 35．A 36．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了卡尔·荣格对梦的看法，阐述了缺乏做梦对人有诸多损害，强调了
做梦的重要性。
33．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Dreams, according to Carl Jung, reveal a certain amount of reality hidden
during waking consciousness.(根据卡尔·荣格的观点，梦揭示了在清醒意识中隐藏的一定量的现实)”可知，卡
尔·荣格认为梦反映现实。故选D项。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段中“You might think this is just a sleep problem, but dreaming is inseparable from
our nighttime rest.(你可能认为这只是一个睡眠问题，但做梦与我们的夜间休息是分不开的)”以及后面对于
睡眠周期中REM(快速眼动睡眠)和非REM睡眠的描述可知，解释睡眠过程是为了证明做梦问题和睡眠问题是相关联的。故选C项。
35．推理判断题。根据第五段中“For example, a 2021 study stated that compared with quiet rest and non REM
sleep, REM promoted the formation of associative networks and the integration (整合) of unassociated
information. Volunteers that experienced more REM sleep were better equipped for solving problems requiring
creative solutions.(例如，2021年的一项研究表明，与安静休息和非快速眼动睡眠相比，快速眼动睡眠促进
了联想网络的形成和无关信息的整合。经历更多快速眼动睡眠的志愿者更有能力解决需要创造性解决方案
的问题)”可知，做梦(快速眼动睡眠阶段)能促进创造力。故选A项。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第二段中“A growing number of reports show that a continuous lack of
dreaming is damaging our waking hours in many ways.(越来越多的报告显示，持续缺乏做梦正在许多方面损
害我们的清醒时间)”可知，文章主要强调了缺乏做梦对我们有很糟糕的影响。故选B项。
（十）
（2025届吉林省通化市梅河口市第五中学高三下学期一模一模）
Statistics show that the market value of global Extended Reality (XR) industry has gone beyond $20.4 billion.
XR, an umbrella term including technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed
Reality (MR), refers to real-and-virtual combined environments and human-machine interactions generated by
wearable devices and computer technology. As XR technologies become more mature, they have been gradually
applied in more scenarios (场景) that are closely related to the daily life of ordinary people, and have seen new
consumer markets in recent years.
The application of XR technologies has made it possible for users to “travel to the past” and “wander in the
universe” through virtual trips. An XR experience store in Shenzhen, recently launched a program e for citizens,
which involved digital tours to the Jurassic period (侏罗纪) and outer space.
XR technologies have also been integrated into the application scenarios concerning smart tourism projects.
XR technologies can help tourist attractions launch systems that enable visitors to better learn about faraway places
and remote times in immersive (沉浸式的) scenes, as well as tourist guide systems and other systems that bring
wonderful experiences for visitors through VR or AR glasses, mobile apps and browsers. Compared with offline
tours, scenarios reproduced by XR technologies can enrich the experiences of users.
China’s Spring Festival Gala last year adopted XR technologies, enabling singers who couldn’t be present at
the gala to give performances remotely.
The XR industry is full of possibilities, and the 5G technology is considered a catalyst (催化剂) for further
stimulating its potential. Last January, the branch of China Mobile, a major Chinese telecommunications operator inZhengzhou, built the province’s first “5G+XR” commercial complex in shopping mall.
Industry insiders pointed out that with constant progress being made in the large-scale deployment of the 5G
network and its innovative applications, the “5G+XR” model is producing a large number of new application scenarios
including social networking, office work, entertainment, exhibition and education, which will provide broad
development space for the XR industry.
37．What is paragraph 1 mainly about?
A．The historical development of XR technologies.
B．The XR technologies and their commercial value.
C．The challenges faced by the XR industry in the global market.
D．The comparison between XR and other emerging technologies.
38．How does XR help in daily life?
A．Help visitors better plan their travel routes.
B．Take users to travel in outer space in person.
C．Let singers in different places share the same stage.
D．Make tourist attractions more environmentally friendly.
39．What can be inferred from the passage about the “5G+XR” model?
A．It has been widely used in Zhengzhou.
B．It will lead to more people to fail to socialize.
C．It will create many new opportunities for people.
D．It has made traditional shopping malls disappear.
40．How does the writer introduce the use of XR technologies in the text?
A．By listing data. B．By giving examples.
C．By making comparisons. D．By explaining reasons.
【答案】37．B 38．C 39．C 40．B
【导语】这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要介绍了扩展现实（XR）技术的定义、应用场景以及其与5G技术的
结合所带来的潜力。
37．主旨大意题。根据第一段前二句“Statistics show that the market value of global Extended Reality (XR)
industry has gone beyond $20.4 billion. XR, an umbrella term including technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR),
Augmented Reality (AR) and Mixed Reality (MR), refers to real-and-virtual combined environments and human-
machine interactions generated by wearable devices and computer technology. (统计数据显示，全球扩展现实（XR）行业的市场价值已超过204亿美元。XR是一个涵盖虚拟现实（VR）、增强现实（AR）和混合现
实（MR）等技术的总称，指的是通过可穿戴设备和计算机技术生成的虚实结合环境和人机交互。)”可知，
本段主要介绍了XR市场价值和它包含了那些技术，也就是XR的技术及其商业价值。故选B项。
38．细节理解题。根据第四段“China’s Spring Festival Gala last year adopted XR technologies, enabling
singers who couldn’t be present at the gala to give performances remotely. (去年的中国春节联欢晚会采用了XR
技术，使得无法到场的歌手能够远程表演。)”可知，XR技术可以让不同地方的歌手共享同一个舞台，这是
生活中运用XR技术的一个例子。故选C项。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Industry insiders pointed out that with constant progress being made in the
large-scale deployment of the 5G network and its innovative applications, the “5G+XR” model is producing a large
number of new application scenarios including social networking, office work, entertainment, exhibition and
education, which will provide broad development space for the XR industry. (业内人士指出，随着5G网络大规
模部署及其创新应用的不断推进，“5G+XR”模式正在产生大量新的应用场景，包括社交、办公、娱乐、
展览和教育，这将为XR行业提供广阔的发展空间。)”可知，“5G+XR”模式将应用于多种新场景，能给人
们创造许多新的机会。故选C项。
40．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“An XR experience store in Shenzhen, recently launched a program for
citizens, which involved digital tours to the Jurassic period and outer space. (深圳的一家XR体验店最近为市民
推出了一个项目，其中包括侏罗纪时期和外太空的数字之旅。)”，第三段第二句“XR technologies can help
tourist attractions launch systems that enable visitors to better learn about faraway places and remote times in
immersive (沉浸式的) scenes, as well as tourist guide systems and other systems that bring wonderful experiences
for visitors through VR or AR glasses, mobile apps and browsers. (XR技术可以帮助旅游景区推出系统，让游
客通过沉浸式场景更好地了解远方的地方和遥远的年代，同时还能通过VR或AR眼镜、移动应用程序和
浏览器等设备，为游客带来精彩的体验，例如旅游导览系统和其他相关系统。)”，以及第四段“China’s
Spring Festival Gala last year adopted XR technologies, enabling singers who couldn’t be present at the gala to
give performances remotely. (去年的中国春节联欢晚会采用了XR技术，使得无法到场的歌手能够远程表
演。)”可知，作者通过列举XR技术在深圳的体验店、智能旅游项目以及春节联欢晚会中的应用，介绍了
XR技术的使用。这是通过举例来介绍XR技术的应用。故选B项。
（十一）
（2025届吉林省通化市梅河口市第五中学高三下学期一模）
Evolution can perform spectacular changes. But some organisms like the coelacanth, a modern-day fish, seem
to change very little over eras.Scientists have long wondered how these species withstand the pressures of natural selection. The current
theory for this “stasis paradox (停滞悖论)” is that stabilizing selection, which favors moderate features, keeps some
species unchanged, unlike directional selection that causes change. However, a study published in the PNAS
contradicts this idea, showing that evolution constantly favors different features in seemingly unchanging animals
that improve short-term survival. In the long term, though, “all that evolution cancels out and leads to no change,”
says the study’s lead author, James Stroud, a biologist at the Georgia Institute.
Stroud and his colleagues studied four anole lizard(变色龙蜥蜴) species, all relatively unchanged for 20
million years, living on a small island in Florida. The researchers captured members of these populations every six
months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as well as the size of its
sticky toe pads, noting which individuals survived. Stroud expected to observe stabilizing selection at work preserving
moderate features. Instead he saw clearer evidence of directional selection: some lizards with unique features, such
as stickier toes survived better in the short term.
In each generation, though, the best features changed — for instance, long legs aided survival in some years
and short legs in others. The direction and strength of selection swung so much that sometimes there was no clear
pattern.
Because the new study shows that natural selection favored extreme features from year to year rather than
moderate ones, its results don’t support the theory of stabilizing selection. Many new features are evolving in the
short term, but they don’t provide a crucial advantage over the long term. In other words, species in stasis may simply
have found the best possible combination of features for lasting success in their environment.
So what happens when a static(静态的) species environment changes more dramatically? To help answer this
bigger question, Stroud is still making trips to Florida to follow ever more generations of the lizards.
41．What is “stasis paradox” according to the text?
A．Directional selection keeps some species unchanged.
B．Some species change rapidly while others remain unchanged.
C．Some species seem free from the pressures of natural selection.
D．Stabilizing selection prefers extreme features keeping species changed.
42．What did Stroud and his colleagues do in the study of anole lizards?
A．Comparing different lizard species and studying their fossils.
B．Studying various features of lizards and their survival.
C．Measuring the survival rate of lizards every year.
D．Focusing on the living conditions of lizards.43．What did Stroud find in the study of anole lizards?
A．Some features of lizards changed in a short term.
B．Stabilizing selection played a key role in evolution.
C．Many evolved new features can offer a lasting benefit.
D．Sharp environment changes caused great effects on lizards.
44．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Stabilizing Selection: The Key to Species Stasis.
B．Stasis Paradox: The Traditional Theory Proven Right.
C．Directional Selection: The Dominant Force in Species Evolution.
D．Rethinking Stasis Paradox: Insights from Anole Lizard Studies.
【答案】41．C 42．B 43．A 44．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了科学家们对物种停滞悖论的研究，特别是通过对变色龙蜥蜴的
研究来挑战传统理论，提出了新见解。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But some organisms like the coelacanth, a modern-day fish, seem to change
very little over eras.(但是一些生物，比如腔棘鱼，一种现代的鱼类，似乎在很长一段时间里变化很小。科学
家们长期以来一直想知道这些物种是如何抵抗自然选择的压力的。目前对这种‘停滞悖论’的理论是，稳
定选择有利于中等特征，使一些物种保持不变，这与导致变化的定向选择不同。)”和第二段“Scientists
have long wondered how these species withstand the pressures of natural selection. The current theory for this
‘stasis paradox’ is that stabilizing selection, which favors moderate features, keeps some species unchanged, unlike
directional selection that causes change.(科学家们长期以来一直想知道这些物种是如何抵抗自然选择的压力的。
目前对这种‘停滞悖论’的理论是，稳定选择有利于中等特征，使一些物种保持不变，这与导致变化的定
向选择不同。)”可知，停滞悖论指的是一些物种在长时间内似乎没有发生显著变化，即它们似乎不受自然
选择压力的影响。故选C。
42．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Stroud and his colleagues studied four anole lizard species, all relatively
unchanged for 20 million years, living on a small island in Florida. The researchers captured members of these
populations every six months for three years. They measured each lizard’s head size, leg length, mass and height, as
well as the size of its sticky toe pads, noting which individuals survived.(Stroud和他的同事研究了四种变色龙蜥
蜴，它们在佛罗里达的一个小岛上生活了2000万年，几乎没有变化。研究人员在三年内每六个月捕捉一次
这些种群的成员。他们测量了每只蜥蜴的头部大小、腿长、质量和高度，以及它粘性脚趾垫的大小，并记
录哪些个体存活了下来。)”可知，Stroud和他的同事研究了蜥蜴的各种特征及其生存情况。故选B。43．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“In each generation, though, the best features changed — for instance, long
legs aided survival in some years and short legs in others.(然而，在每一代中，最好的特征都会发生变化——例
如，在某些年份，长腿有助于生存，而在其他年份，短腿则有助于生存。)”可知，蜥蜴的一些特征，如腿
长，在短期内是会发生变化的。故选A。
44．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了科学家们对物种停滞悖论的研究，特别是通过对变色龙蜥蜴的研究来挑
战传统理论，提出了新见解。选项D：Rethinking Stasis Paradox: Insights from Anole Lizard Studies.(重新审
视停滞悖论：来自变色龙蜥蜴研究的启示)准确地概括了文章的主题。故选D。
（十二）
（2025届辽宁省锦州市一模）
Scientists from Argentina are working to understand more about microorganisms (微生物) found in Antarctica
that may be able to help clean up pollutants like plastic and diesel (柴油) fuel, anticipating the study results could be
useful for wider environmental issues.
Scientists have a reason for wanting to reduce pollution in Antarctica. The continent is protected by a rule that
says it can be used for research only if it is left in good condition. The scientists found that the microorganisms can
digest the waste created by diesel fuel, which is a common source of heat and electricity at research bases in
Antarctica.
Dr Lucas Ruberto is a biochemist working on the study. He and other scientists went to the Carlini research
base in December. The team carried out tasks related to bioremediation — returning something to it’s natural state.
They cleaned soil affected by diesel fuel by using native microorganisms and plants.
The scientists found that the process, which can be used during Antaretica’s warm season, removed up to 80
percent of pollutants in the soil. Ruberto said the team used microorganisms by adding nitrogen (氮), wetness and
airflow to improve soil conditions. “Basically, with that, we get the microorganisms to biologically reduce, with a
very low environmental impact, the level of pollutants,” Ruberto told reporters.
The scientists are now looking into whether the microorganisms native to Antarctica can eat plastic waste.
They are collecting pieces of plastic from Antarctic waters and looking to see if the microorganisms are degrading (分解)
the plastic. Nathalie Bernard, a scientist in the team, is an expert in plastic biodegradation. She said, “If we find that
it is indeed degrading plastic, the next step will be to understand how it does that.” “The long-term goal,” she added,
“is to create a process in which microorganisms can help clean up plastic and fuel pollution in other parts of the
world.”
45．Why do scientists have to reduce pollution in Antarctica?A．More microorganisms are found there.
B．It can help solve many environmental problems.
C．There is too much waste there created by diesel fuel.
D．They should follow the rule in order to do research there.
46．What do we know about the scientists’ research?
A．Their research has no impact on the environment.
B．They used foreign microorganisms and plants to clean soil.
C．They could remove over half of pollutants in soil in Antarctica’s warm season.
D．They have already improved water condition greatly by using microorganisms.
47．What will the team do first in the future?
A．Do more research in other parts of the world.
B．Master how microorganisms break down the plastic.
C．Clean up all the plastic and fuel pollution in the world.
D．Find out whether microorganisms can degrade the plastic.
48．What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?
A．To discuss. B．To inform. C．To educate. D．To entertain.
【答案】45．D 46．C 47．B 48．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过南极洲发现的微生物来保护南极的环境。
45．细节理解题。根据第二段“Scientists have a reason for wanting to reduce pollution in Antarctica. The
continent is protected by a rule that says it can be used for research only if it is left in good condition.(科学家想要
减少南极洲的污染是有原因的。这片大陆受到一项规则的保护，该规则规定，只有在保持良好状态的情况
下，它才能被用于研究)”可知，科学家必须减少南极洲的污染是因为为了在那里做研究，他们应该遵守规
则。故选D。
46．细节理解题。根据第四段“The scientists found that the process, which can be used during Antaretica’s
warm season, removed up to 80 percent of pollutants in the soil.(科学家们发现，这一过程可以在南极洲的温暖
季节使用，可以去除土壤中多达80%的污染物)”可知，在南极洲温暖的季节，科学家的研究可以去除土壤
中一半以上的污染物。故选C。
47．细节理解题。根据最后一段“They are collecting pieces of plastic from Antarctic waters and looking to see
if the microorganisms are degrading (分解) the plastic.(他们从南极水域收集塑料碎片，观察微生物是否在降解
塑料)”可知，未来团队首先要做的是掌握微生物如何分解塑料。故选B。48．推理判断题。根据第一段“Scientists from Argentina are working to understand more about microorganisms
(微生物) found in Antarctica that may be able to help clean up pollutants like plastic and diesel (柴油) fuel,
anticipating the study results could be useful for wider environmental issues.(来自阿根廷的科学家们正在努力更
多地了解在南极洲发现的微生物，这些微生物可能有助于清理塑料和柴油燃料等污染物，他们预计研究结
果可能对更广泛的环境问题有所帮助)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是告知读者南极环保的新方法。故选
B。
（十三）
（内蒙古自治区赤峰市一模）
An experimental screening method that paired the dogs with artificial intelligence was able to detect the smell
of cancer carried on patients’ breaths. The canine (犬科的)-AI pair was highly accurate and sensitive, successfully
spotting four types of cancer in 94% of cases, according to a report published on November 15 in Scientific
Reports.
“The screening worked just as well detecting early stage cancers as it did later stage cancers,” says Assaf
Rabinowicz, chief technology officer at SpotitEarly, the company that developed the method. “That’s crucial because
early detection can substantially contribute to increasing cancer survival rates.” The method employs dogs’ “amazing
sense of smell”, Rabinowicz says. Canines can act like discase detectives, finding faint smells that serve as cancer’s
smell signature.
For this study, Rabinowicz’s team trained Labrador dogs to smell breath samples and sit if they detected breast,
lung, colorectal (直肠) or prostate (前列腺) cancer. However, reading dogs’ body language can be hard, so the
researchers trained an AI model using machine learning and computer vision to interpret the dogs’ signals.
The team partnered with medical centers in Israel to test their system on breath samples from nearly 1,400
participants, 261 of whom had tested positive for one of the four cancer types. With AI, the doggy detectors identified
245 cases with only 60 false positives out of 1,048 negative samples.
SpotitEarly is planning a larger clinical trial in the United States and aims to report early results in 2026. The
company is now working with Beagle dogs for cancer detection, partly because they’re smaller and easier to train.
But the Labradors who worked in the study are still top dogs and continue to contribute to research and development,
Rabinowicz says.
49．Which of the following best describes the screening method?
A．It cures four kinds of cancers. B．It reduces cancer treatment costs.
C．It removes human involvement in testing. D．It combines dogs and AI to detect cancer.50．What is the basis of the screening method, according to Rabinowicz?
A．Cancer’s visible signs. B．Dogs’ sense of smell.
C．AI’s calculating system. D．Patients’ medical records.
51．What can be inferred about the future of the detection system?
A．It will be widely promoted in 2026. B．Bigger dogs will join in the research.
C．Further research is required to test the results.D．It will replace traditional detection methods.
52．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A dog-raising guide. B．A science magazine.
C．A medical textbook. D．A technology brochure.
【答案】49．D 50．B 51．C 52．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种将犬类与人工智能相结合的实验性筛查方法，该方法能
够检测患者呼出的气息中的癌症气味，具有高度的准确性和敏感性。
49．推理判断题。根据第一段“An experimental screening method that paired the dogs with artificial
intelligence was able to detect the smell of cancer carried on patients’ breaths.(一种将犬类与人工智能相结合的
实验性筛查方法能够检测患者呼出的气息中的癌症气味。)”可知，这种筛查方法是将犬类和人工智能结合
起来检测癌症。故选D。
50．细节理解题。根据第二段“The method employs dogs’ “amazing sense of smell”, Rabinowicz says. Canines
can act like disease detectives, finding faint smells that serve as cancer’s smell signature.(Rabinowicz说，这种方
法利用了犬类“惊人的嗅觉”。犬类可以像疾病侦探一样，发现作为癌症气味特征的微弱气味。)”可知，
筛查方法的基础是犬类的嗅觉。故选B。
51．推理判断题。根据最后一段“SpotitEarly is planning a larger clinical trial in the United States and aims to
report early results in 2026.(SpotitEarly公司正计划在美国进行一项更大规模的临床试验，并计划在2026年
报告早期结果。)”可推知，关于检测系统的未来，还需要进一步的研究来测试结果。故选C。
52．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种将犬类与人工智能相结合的实验性筛查方法，该方
法能够检测患者呼出的气息中的癌症气味，具有高度的准确性和敏感性，这属于科学研究范畴，所以这段
文字可能来自科学杂志。故选B。
（十四）
（2025届内蒙古阿拉善盟一模）
“If you take a regular piece of paper and try to make it fly, it will flutter, tumble, flip around in the air and doall sorts of crazy motions,” says Leif Ristroph, an associate professor of mathematics at New York University. “But
if you fold it into a paper airplane, the magic of it is that it doesn’t do all those things,” he says. “It will fly smoothly.”
This awesome ability is why he’s so keen on paper airplanes.
But how smoothly can they fly? Ristroph and a team of fellow scientists decided to test this for the benefit of
science. “To try to understand the math and physics involved, we decided to go simple,” Ristroph says — so simple
that their “paper airplanes” were just small sheets of paper, two inches wide by six inches long, sometimes left
perfectly flat and sometimes folded a bit on each side to give them fins (鱼鳍).
But why study paper airplanes? What’s amazing about them, Ristroph says, “is that there’s no tail that’s
needed”. Most birds and airplanes rely on their tails to keep level while flying. Their wings are used to generate “lift”,
which is the force that overcomes gravity’s tendency to pull objects down. Unless it has a fancy, tailed design, “a
paper airplane does this all in one”, he says. “I doubt our discoveries will change the way passenger airplanes are
designed,” Ristroph says. However, “it could be more useful as we start to think about very, very small flying aircraft,”
such as flying robots and tiny drones for helping search-and rescue teams or monitoring air quality above cities.
Because they may be too small to fit separate lift and stability mechanisms, perhaps they can offer them together as
a simple paper airplane does.
Kids can also benefit from Ristroph’s research. For the typical paper airplane - with paper folded into a
triangular shape - Ristroph suggests experimenting like he did to make it fly smoothly. Put a paper clip on the body
of the plane, the place where you hold it to launch it. Try putting the clip in various spots, forward and backward.
“Sooner or later, you will hit the perfect position and the airplane will gracefully soar.” Ristroph says.
53．Why did Ristroph use “simple sheets of paper” in his experiments?
A．To reduce the costs of scientific research.
B．To illustrate the basic principles of flight.
C．To imitate the flying complexity of birds.
D．To prove the unsteadiness of flat paper.
54．What can be inferred about future small flying robots based on the passage?
A．They will replace passenger airplanes entirely.
B．They require complex tail systems to function well.
C．Their design might combine lift and stability mechanisms.
D．Their development will differ from paper airplane research.
55．How does Ristroph view the practical impact of his research?
A．Cautious. B．Skeptical. C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic.56．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How far can a paper plane go?
B．How was Ristroph’s research carried out?
C．How fast can a paper plane fly?
D．How will Ristroph’s research promote creativity?
【答案】53．B 54．C 55．D 56．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了纽约大学数学副教授Leif Ristroph对纸飞机飞行原理的研究，
以及这项研究对未来小型飞行器等设计的潜在影响。
53．细节理解题。根据第二段 ““To try to understand the math and physics involved, we decided to go
simple,” Ristroph says — so simple that their “paper airplanes” were just small sheets of paper, two inches wide by
six inches long, sometimes left perfectly flat and sometimes folded a bit on each side to give them fins (鱼鳍).(“为
了理解其中的数学和物理原理，我们决定采用简单的方法，”Ristroph说——简单到他们的“纸飞机”只
是几张小纸，两英寸宽，六英寸长，有时完全平整，有时两边折叠一点以形成机翼)”可知，Ristroph使用
简单的纸片做实验是为了试图理解其中涉及的数学和物理知识，也就是为了阐释飞行的基本原理。故选
B。
54．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, “it could be more useful as we start to think about very, very small
flying aircraft,” such as flying robots and tiny drones for helping search-and rescue teams or monitoring air quality
above cities. Because they may be too small to fit separate lift and stability mechanisms, perhaps they can offer
them together as a simple paper airplane does. (然而，“当我们开始考虑非常非常小的飞行飞机时，它可能会
更有用”，比如飞行机器人和微型无人机，用于帮助搜救队或监测城市上空的空气质量。因为它们可能太
小，无法安装单独的升力和稳定机制，也许它们可以像一架简单的纸飞机一样把它们放在一起)”可知，未
来的小型飞行机器人由于可能太小无法安装单独的升力和稳定机制。由此推知，未来小型飞行机器人可以
像简单的纸飞机一样将这两种机制结合起来。故选C。
55．推理判断题。根据第三段“However, “it could be more useful as we start to think about very, very small
flying aircraft,” such as flying robots and tiny drones for helping search-and rescue teams or monitoring air quality
above cities. Because they may be too small to fit separate lift and stability mechanisms, perhaps they can offer
them together as a simple paper airplane does. (然而，“当我们开始考虑非常非常小的飞行飞机时，它可能会
更有用”，比如飞行机器人和微型无人机，用于帮助搜救队或监测城市上空的空气质量。因为它们可能太
小，无法安装单独的升力和稳定机制，也许它们可以像一架简单的纸飞机一样把它们放在一起)”可推知，Ristroph认为他的研究对于小型飞行器如飞行机器人等可能更有用，对其实际影响是乐观的。故选D。
56．主旨大意题。 通读全文可知，文章开始介绍了纸飞机能平稳飞行的特点，接着讲述了 Ristroph 和团
队为研究纸飞机能飞多平稳而进行的实验，以及研究纸飞机的意义（对小型飞行器设计的启示）和对孩子
的益处（让孩子通过实验让纸飞机平稳飞行），整体围绕纸飞机能飞多平稳展开。由此可知，A选项“纸
飞机能飞多远？”引出文章话题，适合作标题。故选A。
（十五）
（2025届内蒙古呼和浩特市一模）
Why do we find ugly animals so appealing? And what makes odd-looking creatures so cute?
Evolution (进化) plays a role. According to Austrian zoologist Konrad Lorenz, human attraction to childish
features, such as big eyes, large heads and soft bodies, is an evolutionary adaptation that helps ensure that adults care
for their young, guaranteeing the survival of their species. Odd-looking animals such as blobfish, pugs, and bulldogs
all share these childish qualities that initiate an affectionate response among humans. And these childish characteristics
increase a person’s “protective behavior, attention and willingness to care” for the individual and reduce the “likelihood
of attacks towards a child”, says Marta Borgi, a researcher.
Ugly animals often have other value—some, like the blobfish or the naked mole rat, live in extreme environments
that they have adapted to in remarkable ways. Scientists are keen to study these animals to understand whether their
biology might provide fresh insights that could lead to treatments for human health conditions such as cancer, heart
disease and other deadly diseases.
Our fascination with ugly-cute animals can also be traced back to culturally-based causes. “The ugly-cute thing
is very fashionable,” says Rowena Packer, a lecturer of animal behavior. “This is partly driven by social media, with
many influential people showing off pet pugs and French bulldogs on the Internet,” she says.
But there are some serious welfare concerns around this trend. Vets are urging people not to choose a flat-faced
dog, because they suffer from serious health problems. Pugs and French bulldogs which have been selectively
produced experience breathing difficulties, repeated skin infections and eye diseases.
We may want to rethink our love for “ugly-cute” animals because of their silly features like protruding (鼓出
的) eyes and wrinkly faces.
57．Why do people like ugly animals according to Konrad Lorenz?
A．People appriciate their efforts to survive.B．People appreciate their super adaptability.
C．People are attracted by their childish looks. D．People are fond of their fast response speed.
58．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A．What media are changing people. B．How public practices influence people.
C．Whether social media is worth believing.D．Why celebrities show off their pet animals.
59．What’s the author’s attitude towards people’s love for ugly animals?
A．Opposed. B．Supportive. C．Indifferent. D．Cautious.
60．How does the author mainly answer the questions raised in Paragraph 1?
A．By quoting different researchers’ findings. B．By showing some examples of keeping pets.
C．By observing people’s behavior towards animals. D．By referring to authoritative evolutionary theory.
【答案】57．C 58．B 59．D 60．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了我们觉得又丑又可爱的动物如此有吸引力的原因以及又丑又可
爱的动物的其他价值。
57．细节理解题。根据第二段“According to Austrian zoologist Konrad Lorenz, human attraction to childish
features, such as big eyes, large heads and soft bodies, is an evolutionary adaptation that helps ensure that adults
care for their young, guaranteeing the survival of their species. Odd-looking animals such as blobfish, pugs, and
bulldogs all share these childish qualities that initiate an affectionate response among humans..(根据奥地利动物学
家Konrad Lorenz的说法，人类对大眼睛、大头和柔软身体等幼稚特征的吸引力是一种进化适应，有助于
确保成年人照顾他们的幼崽，保证他们物种的生存。长相古怪的动物，如斑点鱼、哈巴狗和斗牛犬，都有
这些幼稚的品质，这些品质会在人类中引发深情的反应。)”可知，人们喜欢丑陋的动物是因为被它们幼稚
的外表所吸引。故选C。
58．主旨大意题。根据第四段“Our fascination with ugly-cute animals can also be traced back to culturally-
based causes. “The ugly-cute thing is very fashionable,” says Rowena Packer, a lecture r of animal behavior. “This
is partly driven by social media, with many influential people showing off pet pugs and French bulldogs on the
Internet,” she says.(我们对又丑又可爱的动物的迷恋也可以追溯到基于文化的原因。动物行为学讲师罗威娜·
帕克说：“这种丑与可爱的结合非常流行。”她说：“这在一定程度上是由社交媒体推动的，许多有影响
力的人在互联网上展示宠物哈巴狗和法国斗牛犬。”)”可知，第四段主要讲的是公共行为如何影响人们。
故选B。
59．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But there are some serious welfare concerns around this trend. Vets are
urging people not to choose a flat-faced dog, because they suffer from serious health problems. Pugs and French
bulldogs which have been selectively produced experience breathing difficulties, repeated skin infections and eye
diseases.(但这一趋势引发了一些严重的福利担忧。兽医敦促人们不要选择平脸狗，因为它们有严重的健康问题。选择性饲养的巴哥犬和法国斗牛犬会出现呼吸困难、反复皮肤感染和眼疾)”以及最后一段“We may
want to rethink our love for “ugly-cute” animals because of their silly features like protruding (鼓出的) eyes and
wrinkly faces.(我们可能需要重新考虑我们对“又丑又可爱”的动物的爱，因为它们有突出的眼睛和皱纹的
脸等愚蠢的特征)”可推知，作者对人们对丑陋动物的喜爱持谨慎态度。故选D。
60．推理判断题。根据第二段“According to Austrian zoologist Konrad Lorenz, human attraction to childish
features, such as big eyes, large heads and soft bodies, is an evolutionary adaptation that helps ensure that adults
care for their young, guaranteeing the survival of their species.(根据奥地利动物学家Konrad Lorenz的说法，人
类对大眼睛、大头和柔软身体等幼稚特征的吸引力是一种进化适应，有助于确保成年人照顾他们的幼崽，
保证他们物种的生存)”以及“And these childish characteristics increase a person’s “protective behavior, attention
and willingness to care” for the individual and reduce the “likelihood of attacks towards a child”, says Marta Borgi,
a researcher.(研究人员Marta Borgi说，这些孩子气的特征增加了一个人对个人的“保护行为、关注和关心
意愿”，减少了“攻击孩子的可能性”)”可推知，作者主要通过引用不同研究人员的发现回答第1段提出
的问题。故选A。
（十六）
（20252025届内蒙古呼和浩特市一模）
When we encounter a troublesome problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm. However, substantial
evidence has shown that when we generate ideas together, we fail to maximize collective intelligence.
To unearth the hidden potential in teams, we’re better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”. You start
by asking group members to write down what is going on in their brains separately. Next, you pool them and share
them among the group without telling the authors. Then, each member evaluates them on his or her own, only after
which do the team members come together to select and improve the most promising options. By developing and
assessing ideas individually before choosing and expanding on them, the team can surface and advance possibilities
that might not get attention otherwise.
An example of great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were trapped underground in Chile. Given the
urgency of the situation, the rescue team didn’t hold brainstorming sessions. Rather, they established a global
brainwriting system to generate individual ideas. A 24-year-old engineer came up with a tiny plastic telephone. This
specialized tool ended up becoming the only means of communicating with the miners, making it possible to save
them.
Research by organizational behavior scholar Anita Woolley and her colleagues helps to explain why this
method works. They find that the key to collective intelligence is balanced participation. In brainstormingmeetings, it’s too easy for participation to become one-sided in favor of the loudest voices. The brainwriting process
ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and all voices are brought into conversation. The goal isn’t to be the
smartest person in the room. It’s to make the room smarter.
Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity, but it doesn’t end there. Individuals produce a greater
volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means they not only come up with more brilliant ideas
than groups but also more terrible ideas. Therefore, it takes collective judgment to find the signal in the noise and
bring out the best ideas.
61．What is special about brainwriting compared with brainstorming?
A．It highlights independent work. B．It encourages group cooperation.
C．It prioritizes quality over quantity. D．It prefers writing to oral exchanges.
62．Why does the author mention the Chile mining accident in paragraph 3?
A．To introduce a tool developed during brainwriting.
B．To praise a young man with brainwriting technique.
C．To illustrate a successful application of brainwriting.
D．To explain the role of brainwriting in communication.
63．How does brainwriting promote collective intelligence according to paragraph 4?
A．By blocking the loudest voices. B．By allowing equal involvement.
C．By improving individual wisdom. D．By generating more creative ideas.
64．Which step of brainwriting does the author stress in the last paragraph?
A．Individual writing. B．Group sharing.
C．Personal evaluation. D．Joint discussion.
【答案】61．A 62．C 63．B 64．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。大量证据表明，当我们运用头脑风暴共同产生想法时，我们无法最大限度地
提高集体智慧。为了挖掘团队中隐藏的潜力，我们最好进行“书面头脑风暴法”。
61．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“You start by asking group members to write down what is going on in their
brains separately. Next, you pool them and share them among the group without telling the authors. Then, each
member evaluates them on his or her own, only after which do the team members come together to select and
improve the most promising options. (你首先要求小组成员分别写下他们大脑中发生的事情。接下来，你将它
们汇集在一起，并在不告诉作者的情况下在小组中共享。然后，每个成员自己对其进行评估，只有在评估
之后，团队成员才会聚集在一起，选择并改进最有希望的选项。)”可知，与头脑风暴相比，书面头脑风暴法的特别之处在于它强调独立工作。故选A。
62．推理判断题。根据第三段的首句“An example of great brainwriting was in 2010 when 33 miners were
trapped underground in Chile. (2010年，智利有33名矿工被困井下，这就是一个伟大的脑力写作的例子。)”
可推知，作者在本段提到智利的采矿事故是为了说明书面头脑风暴法的成功应用。故选C。
63．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The brainwriting process ensures that all ideas are brought to the table and
all voices are brought into conversation. The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room. (书面头脑风暴法确
保所有的想法都能被带到桌面上，所有的声音都能被带入对话。我们的目标不是成为房间里最聪明的
人。)”可知，书面头脑风暴法要求每个人都参与，贡献自己的智慧。因此，通过允许平等参与促进集体智
力。故选B。
64．推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Collective intelligence begins with individual creativity, but it doesn’t
end there. Individuals produce a greater volume and variety of novel ideas when they work alone. That means they
not only come up with more brilliant ideas than groups but also more terrible ideas. Therefore, it takes collective
judgment to find the signal in the noise and bring out the best ideas. (集体智慧始于个人创造力，但它并没有就
此结束。当个人独自工作时，他们会产生更多的新颖想法。这意味着他们不仅提出了比团体更聪明的想法，
而且提出了更可怕的想法。因此，需要集体判断才能在噪声中找到信号并提出最佳想法。)”可知，集体智
慧始于个人创造力，但是在个人产生想法后，要有集体判断才能得到最佳想法。因此本段强调了共同讨论
的重要性。故选D。
