专题07阅读理解（说明文）（教师版）_高考一二三轮复习_英语_2026年-英语高考专项复习_2025年高考英语二模试题分类汇编（河南专用）

专题07 阅读理解（说明文）
（一）
（2025·河南安阳·二模）
C
An organization called Ulum Dalska, located in a small Swedish town called Älvdalen, is on a mission. For 
decades, members have been working hard to help save a language called Elfdalian, the remains of Old Norse. 
Elfdalian, which press secretary Björn Rehnström said was hit by the popularity of Swedish about 100 years 
ago, sounds nothing like the country’s national language — Swedish. At that point, Elfdalian became stigmatized. 
Ulla Schütt, a Ulum Dalska member, saw the impact first-hand while growing up in Älvdalen. “My parents 
spoke Elfdalian with everyone else around,” Schütt said. “But when they turned to me, they spoke Swedish.” That’s 
what was spoken in schools. Students were even discouraged from speaking Elfdalian in the classroom. 
Now, there’re only about 2,500 speakers left. But people are getting creative in the fight to change that trend. 
The language is getting a boost on Minecraft. Musicians are releasing new songs with Elfdalian lyrics ( 歌词). 
Several children’s books were also translated into Elfdalian. Additionally, Rehnström helps run a popular online 
group that offers courses in the Elfdalian language, where he posts lessons to the group’s 1,800 global members. 
The local government supports the teaching and preservation of Elfdalian. The language is also recognized 
on an international level. In 2016, it was assigned an ISO language code, which helps the Internet distinguish one 
language from another. 
But the national government of Sweden is a different story. They currently consider Elfdalian a dialect of 
Swedish, not its own language. Speaking in Elfdalian, Swedish MP Peter Helander recently asked Parliament ( 国
会)why that’s the case. But before Culture Minister Amanda Lind could answer the question, the parliamentary 
speaker Luca interrupted them both to say that only Swedish may be spoken. 
Schütt said every time a language dies — which some research suggests is as often as once every two weeks 
— it is a sad moment. To her, losing Elfdalian would be an especially tragic loss. Getting Elfdalian recognized as a 
language by the Swedish government, she added, is key to making sure that it doesn’t disappear. 
28.What is the task of Ulum Dalska?
A．To promote a small Swedish town.
B．To protect an endangered language.
C．To figure out the remains of Old Norse.
D．To teach town residents a new language.
29.What does the underlined word “stigmatized” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Celebrated.
B．Disrespected.
C．Documented.
D．Reorganized.
30.What attitude does Rehnström probably hold towards Elfdalian?
A．Favorable.
B．Tolerant.
C．Objective.
D．Dismissive.
31.What does Schütt think is essential to the protection of Elfdalian?
A．Releasing more songs in Elfdalian.
B．Getting international recognition.
C．Setting up online language groups.
D．Seeking the national government’s support.
【答案】28.B    29.B    30.A    31.D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是Ulum Dalska 组织为保护濒危语言Elfdalian 语所做出的多种努
力和面临的挑战。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段“An organization called Ulum Dalska, located in a small Swedish town called 
Älvdalen, is on a mission. For decades, members have been working hard to help save a language called Elfdalian, 
the remains of Old Norse.(位于瑞典一个名为Älvdalen 的小城的名为Ulum Dalska 的组织正在履行一项使
命。几十年来，该组织的成员一直努力致力于拯救一种名为Elfdalian 的语言，这是一种古诺尔斯语的遗存
形式。)”可知，该组织的主要任务是保护濒危语言。故选B 项。
29.词句猜测题。根据第二段“Elfdalian, which press secretary Björn Rehnström said was hit by the popularity of 
Swedish about 100 years ago, sounds nothing like the country’s national language — Swedish. At that point, 
Elfdalian became stigmatized.(Elfdalian，正如新闻发言人比约恩·雷恩斯特罗姆所说，大约在100 年前因瑞典
语的流行而受到冲击，听起来完全不像这个国家的官方语言——瑞典语。在这一点上，Elfdalian……。)”
可知，瑞典语流行后，Elfdalian 很可能会被认为是一种“被歧视”或“不被尊重”的语言，由此可知，划
线单词的意思与“被歧视”或“不被尊重”意义相近。故选B 项。
30.推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Additionally, Rehnström helps run a popular online group that offers courses 
in the Elfdalian language, where he posts lessons to the group’s 1,800 global members.(此外，Rehnström 还协助
运营一个受欢迎的在线小组，该小组提供Elfdalian 语言课程，他会向小组的1800 名全球成员发布课程内
容。)”可知，Rehnström 帮助运行一个受欢迎的在线小组，提供Elfdalian 语言课程，并向全球成员发布课
程内容，由此可知，他对Elfdalian 持支持和积极态度。故选A 项。
31.细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Getting Elfdalian recognized as a language by the Swedish government, she 
added, is key to making sure that it doesn’t disappear.(她补充道，让瑞典政府承认Elfdalian 是一种语言，是确
保它不会消失的关键。)”可知，她认为获得国家政府的支持至关重要。故选D 项。
 （二）
（2025·河南平汝名校·二模）
C
The nation’s biggest transit (交通) systems are using AI-enhanced cameras to keep bus lanes (车道) clear of 
illegally parked cars. The company behind those cameras is a start-up called Hayden AI. The cameras are put inside 
the front windshield (挡风玻璃), where they can take in everything happening in front of the bus. “The system 
analyzes those images to decide if it’s looking at a vehicle,” said Charley Territo, the chief growth officer for 
Hayden AI, “and whether that vehicle is stopped somewhere it shouldn’t be.” 
In just three years, Hayden AI has launched services with transit agencies in New York, Washington, D ．
C．, Oakland, California, and Los Angeles. The company is organizing pilot programs in Seattle and Denver, and 
it’s talking with other cities, including Philadelphia and Chicago. 
The camera systems are using AI to help transit agencies catch and fine drivers who illegally block bus lanes 
and bus stops. But Territo said that’s not the ultimate goal. “When you look at the reason for enforcement ( 执
行),it’s really not to write tickets. It’s to change driver behavior,” said Territo. “What we’ re seeing is a reduction in 
the number of repeat lawbreakers.” 
New York’s Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) said its buses were 5% faster on the routes where 
it had been using the cameras, and they’d been involved in 20% fewer accidents. So the agency moved to expand 
the program this year to 20 new bus routes. 
But that expansion didn’t go quite as planned, as hundreds of drivers received erroneous tickets. “It wasn’t 
anything too worrisome at first, because you realize you’ve parked in a legal spot,” said George Han, who lives on 
the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Han said he’s careful about only parking in legal spots, so he was astounded 
when the tickets kept coming in the mail.
The MTA said about 800 tickets were mistakenly issued because of a “programming error” by Hayden AI, 
who said those programming errors had been fixed. “The problems in New York had nothing to do with the 
technology. It was really a configuration (配置) issue,” said Hayden AI’s Charley Territo. 
28.What can we know about the AI-enhanced system in paragraph 1?
A．The development of it.
B．The reasons why it is analyzed.
C．The disadvantages of it.
D．The way in which it works.
29.What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．Hayden AI supports its branch companies.
B．The AI-enhanced system is becoming popular.
C．The smart vehicles are spreading worldwide.
D．The transit agencies need to be improved.
30.What is the final goal of using AI-enhanced cameras in Territo’s opinion?
A．To write tickets for lawbreakers.
B．To attract more passengers.
C．To encourage good driving habits.
D．To allow buses to run faster.
31.What does the underlined word “astounded” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Shocked.
B．Embarrassed.
C．Proud.
D．Grateful.
【答案】28.D    29.B    30.C    31.A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI 增强摄像头在交通系统中的应用及其影响。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段中“The cameras are put inside the front windshield (挡风玻璃), where they can 
take in everything happening in front of the bus. ‘The system analyzes those images to decide if it’s looking at a 
vehicle,’ said Charley Territo, the chief growth officer for Hayden AI, ‘and whether that vehicle is stopped 
somewhere it shouldn’t be.’(摄像头被安装在汽车前挡风玻璃内，可以拍摄到公交车前发生的一切。Hayden 
AI 的首席增长官Charley Territo 说：‘该系统会分析这些图像，以判断它看到的是否是一辆车，以及这辆
车是否停在了不该停的地方。’)”可知，第一段介绍了AI 增强系统的工作方式。故选D。
29.推理判断题。根据第二段“In just three years, Hayden AI has launched services with transit agencies in New 
York, Washington, D. C., Oakland, California, and Los Angeles. The company is organizing pilot programs in 
Seattle and Denver, and it’s talking with other cities, including Philadelphia and Chicago.(仅仅三年时间，Hayden 
AI 就已经与纽约、华盛顿特区、加利福尼亚州奥克兰和洛杉矶的交通机构开展了服务。该公司正在西雅图
和丹佛组织试点项目，并正在与其他城市（包括费城和芝加哥）进行洽谈。)”可知，Hayden AI 的AI 增强
系统正在多个城市推广使用，由此可推断出该系统越来越受欢迎。故选B。
30.细节理解题。根据第三段中“But Territo said that’s not the ultimate goal. ‘When you look at the reason for 
enforcement (执行), it’s really not to write tickets. It’s to change driver behavior,’ said Territo. ‘What we’ re seeing 
is a reduction in the number of repeat lawbreakers.’(但Territo 表示，这不是最终目标。Territo 说：‘当你审视
执法的原因时，真正目的不是开罚单，而是改变司机的行为。’‘我们看到的是，重复违法的人数在减
少。’)”可知，在Territo 看来，使用AI 增强摄像头的最终目标是鼓励良好的驾驶习惯。故选C。
31.词句猜测题。根据第五段“But that expansion didn’t go quite as planned, as hundreds of drivers received 
erroneous tickets. ‘It wasn’t anything too worrisome at first, because you realize you’ve parked in a legal spot,’ said 
George Han, who lives on the Upper East Side of Manhattan. Han said he’s careful about only parking in legal 
spots, so he was astounded when the tickets kept coming in the mail.(但扩张并没有按计划进行，数百名司机收
到了错误的罚单。住在曼哈顿上东区的George Han 说：‘一开始这没什么好担心的，因为你知道自己把车
停在了合法的地方。’Han 表示，他非常注意只在合法地点停车，所以当罚单不断寄来时，他感到很
astounded。)”可知，George Han 很注意只在合法地点停车，所以当罚单不断寄来时，他感到很震惊，所以
astounded 意为“震惊的”，与Shocked 意思相近。故选A。
 （三）
（2025·河南南阳完全学校·二模）
C
Never judge a book by its cover — even if the cover doesn’t say much at all. The first thing customers see 
when they walk into the Strand Book Store in Manhattan is a table of nameless books with covers wrapped like 
Christmas presents and titles replaced by general descriptions. The store calls it “Blind Date With a Book”. 
People love it, Paul Colarusso, the communications director for the Strand, said, “We put it right at the front 
of the store because it quite literally stops people in their tracks.” “People are attracted to the element of surprise, 
which focuses attention and creates a dopamine (多巴胺) response,” Mr. Tobin, an associate professor at Case 
Western University, said. Meanwhile, stores have found a new way to sell books that are overlooked because they 
are not new, best-selling or penned by a famous author. 
Much like real dating, there’s no perfect science, and an element of trial and error is involved. Fantasy and 
mystery books work well. Forgotten books from the past are great too. When in Rome by Sarah Adams is disguised 
as “Freshly Baked Slow Bum Rom-com”. Spoiler Alert by Olivia Dade becomes a “You’ve Got Mail-esque 
Romance”. 
But not all bookstores have embraced the trend. Dozens of bookstore owners around the country said they 
did not know what “Blind Date Books” were. Others didn’t participate in the trend because store policy prohibits 
returns or exchanges which are necessary if someone has picked up a book they have already read.
On a warm Friday morning, the bookstore is packed. About half the customers stop at the “Blind Date 
Books” display by the entrance, closely inspecting the neatly drawn, wrapped covers. Heather Toner buys one. 
“Throwing caution to the wind and letting someone else choose for me just sort of feels like a nice change of pace,” 
Ms. Toner, a reader, said. “I never went on a real blind date. ‘Blind Date With a Book’ is kind of my speed. ” 
28.What makes “Blind Date With a Book” appealing to customers according to Mr. Tobin?
A．The ability to choose specific titles. 
B．The attractiveness of the packaging. 
C．The excitement of an unforeseen choice. 
D．The identification of dopamine response. 
29.How does “Blind Date With a Book” benefit bookstores?
A．It enriches customers’ choices.
B．It satisfies readers’ special needs.
C．It simplifies shopping procedures.
D．It helps market less-known books.
30.What does the underlined word “embraced” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Overlooked.
B．Blocked
C．Guided.
D．Adopted.
31.Which words best describe Heather Toner’s attitude towards “Blind Date With a Book”?
A．Open and adventurous
B．Cautious and reserved.
C．Tolerant and indecisive.
D．Dismissive and skeptical.
【答案】28.C    29.D    30.D    31.A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。 这篇文章介绍了曼哈顿的斯特兰书店推出的“盲选书籍”活动。该活动将书
籍的封面包装起来，只留下简单描述，让顾客在没有任何先入为主印象的情况下挑选书籍。文章讨论了这
种活动带来的顾客体验、其背后的心理学原理，以及这一趋势对书店销售的影响。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段“People are attracted to the element of surprise, and the element of surprise focuses 
attention and creates a dopamine response(人们被惊喜元素所吸引，而惊喜元素能够集中注意力并引发多巴胺
反应)”可知，顾客更喜欢“盲选书籍”是因为他们在这种不确定性中体验到刺激和惊喜，激发了多巴胺的
反应，产生兴奋感。故选C。
29.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Meanwhile, stores have found a new way to sell books that are 
overlooked because they are not new, best-selling or penned by a famous author.(与此同时，书店已经找到了一
种销售那些因为非新书、非畅销书或非名家所著而被忽视的书籍的新方法)”可知，这种活动帮助销售那些
被忽视的书籍，而这些书籍往往因为不是畅销书或不是出自名作家之手而被忽视。故选D。
30.词义猜测题。根据第四段第二句话和第三句话“Dozens of bookstore owners around the country said they 
did not know what “Blind Date Books” were. Others didn’t participate in the trend because store policy prohibits 
returns or exchanges which are necessary if someone has picked up a book they have already read.(全国数十家书
店店主表示，他们不知道“图书盲选”是什么。还有一些书店没有参与这一潮流，因为书店政策禁止退货
或换货，而如果顾客选到了已经读过的书，退货或换货是必要的)”可知，不是所有的书店都能欣然接受这
种趋势，D 选项中的adopt 意思是“正式通过”，符合语意。故选 D。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句““Throwing caution to the wind and letting someone else choose for 
me just sort of feels like a nice change of pace,” Ms. Toner, a reader, said. “I never went on a real blind date. ‘Blind 
Date With a Book’ is kind of my speed.”(读者托纳（Toner）女士说：“不顾一切让别人替我选择，感觉节奏
很不错，算是一种新鲜的改变。我从来没有参加过真正的约会。‘与书相约’正合我的节奏。”)可知， 
Heather Toner 认为让别人为自己挑选书籍是一种 “节奏的变化”，从她的话中可以看出，她认为这种方
式感到轻松且充满期待， 甚至将其比作一种适合自己的“盲约”，说明她对这种体验持一种积极、开放
的态度，同时又抱着试一试的心态。故选A。
 （四）
（2025·河南湘豫名校联考·二模）
C
In rural Africa, where livelihoods are often tied directly to the land, environmental decline poses a critical 
threat to both ecosystems and people’s well-being. A new study co-authored by researchers at Stanford University 
analyzes how various African communities have attempted to reverse this trend and offers valuable insights into 
what works. The study in Sustainability Science emphasizes that long-term joint efforts among local communities, 
governments, and organizations are essential to foster transitions to sustainability. 
For decades, many African communities have faced the double challenge of addressing environmental 
decline while improving people’s livelihoods. As land becomes less productive due to low soil fertilization (施肥), 
deforestation, or climate change, the pressure on these communities intensifies. This led to top-down restoration 
efforts with often limited success, according to the researchers. 
More recently, in many areas, new efforts have been made to reverse these negative trends, often with 
support from governments, NGOs, or international organizations. However, results have been mixed, with some 
initiatives leading to significant improvements, while others fell short. 
After examining 17 cases representing various initiatives to reverse land decline across 13 African countries, 
the researchers found that successful interventions typically share a few key characteristics. First and foremost, they 
often involve strong social arrangements between actors, supported by well-functioning institutions. In cases like 
the Shinyanga region of Tanzania, where 90% of the population was involved in reforestation efforts, the results 
were impressive. The region saw the restoration of about 1,100 to 1,900 square miles of woodland, which enhanced 
livelihoods through the provision of resources like wood for fuel. 
Another critical factor is the correspondence of incentives with environmental goals. In Burkina Faso, for 
example, farmers began planting cashew trees, driven by the opportunity to sell their produce in international 
markets. This not only provided a new income stream but also helped to combat desertification as more trees were 
planted. These cases highlight the importance of ensuring that environmental restoration efforts also address the 
economic and social needs of communities. 
“It is possible to turn the tide on environmental decline,” Lambin said. “The key lies in creating long-term 
interventions that are locally driven and integrate poverty-related concerns, supported by strong governance 
structures and based on coalitions of actors.” 
28.What does the study conducted by Stanford University focus on?
A．Economic development in rural Africa. B．The impact of urbanization on land use.
C．Strategies for reversing environmental decline.
D．The role of technology in agricultural productivity.
29.What is the function of the second paragraph?
A．Offering conclusions.
B．Providing background.
C．Presenting findings.
D．Introducing methodology.
30.Which is the key to reversing the land decline?
A．Top-down government initiatives.
B．Relying solely on NGOs for support.
C．Focus on international organizations.
D．High levels of community involvement.
31.What does the underlined word “incentives” in Paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Rewards.
B．Obstacles.
C．Regulations.
D．Fines.
【答案】28.C    29.B    30.D    31.A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕非洲农村地区环境衰退问题，介绍了一项关于如何扭转这一趋
势的研究，阐述了相关策略及关键因素。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段中“In rural Africa, where livelihoods are often tied directly to the land, 
environmental decline poses a critical threat to both ecosystems and people’s well-being. A new study co-authored 
by researchers at Stanford University analyzes how various African communities have attempted to reverse this 
trend and offers valuable insights into what works.(在非洲农村地区，人们的生计往往与土地直接挂钩，环境
恶化对生态系统和人们的福祉都构成了严重威胁。由斯坦福大学的研究人员共同撰写的一项新研究，分析
了非洲各个社区是如何试图扭转这一趋势的，并就哪些措施行之有效提供了宝贵的见解)”可知，这项由斯
坦福大学进行的研究重点是扭转环境恶化的策略。故选C。
29.推理判断题。根据第二段“For decades, many African communities have faced the double challenge of 
addressing environmental decline while improving people’s livelihoods. As land becomes less productive due to 
low soil fertilization (施肥), deforestation, or climate change, the pressure on these communities intensifies. This 
led to top-down restoration efforts with often limited success, according to the researchers.(几十年来，许多非洲
社区面临着在改善人民生计的同时解决环境退化的双重挑战。由于土壤肥力低下、森林砍伐或气候变化，
土地生产力下降，这些社区面临的压力加剧。研究人员称，这导致了自上而下的修复工作，但往往收效甚
微)”可知，第二段主要讲述了非洲社区长期以来面临的环境和生计方面的挑战，为下文关于如何扭转环境
恶化趋势的研究提供了背景信息。故选B。
30.细节理解题。根据第四段中“First and foremost, they often involve strong social arrangements between 
actors, supported by well-functioning institutions. In cases like the Shinyanga region of Tanzania, where 90% of the 
population was involved in reforestation efforts, the results were impressive.(首先，它们通常涉及行为者之间强
有力的社会安排，并得到运转良好的机构的支持。在坦桑尼亚的Shinyanga 地区，90%的人口参与了植树
造林工作，其效果令人印象深刻)”可知，扭转土地退化的关键是社区的高度参与。故选D。
31.词句猜测题。根据划线词下文“In Burkina Faso, for example, farmers began planting cashew trees, driven by 
the opportunity to sell their produce in international markets. This not only provided a new income stream but also 
helped to combat desertification as more trees were planted.(例如，在布基纳法索，农民开始种植腰果，这是在
国际市场上销售其产品的机会所推动的。这不仅提供了新的收入来源，而且随着种植的树木越来越多，也
有助于防治荒漠化)”可知，在布基纳法索，农民种植腰果能够销售产品，防治荒漠化，还提供了新的收入
来源，即奖励措施，激励了农民，故划线词意思是“奖励”。A. Rewards.奖励；B. Obstacles.障碍；C. 
Regulations.规则；D. Fines.罚款。故选A。
 （五）
（2025·河南开封市等3 地·二模）
C
In an era dominated by keyboards and screens, the decline of handwriting has sparked debates about its 
relevance. Yet research consistently highlights unique cognitive (认知的) advantages of writing by hand that digital 
tools cannot imitate. 
Numerous studies reveal that manual writing strengthens memory maintenance more effectively than typing. 
Naomi Susan Baron, a linguistics professor, notes that people across Japan, Norway, and the U.S. recall information 
better when jotting it down ( 草草记下) manually. For instance, adults learning Arabic letters via handwriting 
outperformed typists in recognition and pronunciation speed. Similarly, students who take handwritten notes during 
lectures demonstrate deeper comprehension compared to those typing, as handwriting forces the brain to actively 
map sounds to letter shapes — a process critical for literacy development. 
Neurological evidence supports these findings. Using EEG scans, Norwegian researchers observed that 
handwriting activates broader brain networks, including regions linked to memory, attention, and motor skills, 
while typing only stimulates localized areas. Theta (4-7Hz) and alpha (8-12.5Hz) brainwaves, associated with 
learning and focus, were notably stronger during manual writing. This multi-sensory engagement — combining 
touch, vision, and movement — enhances neural connectivity and information encoding. 
Experts argue that handwriting’s tactile (触觉的) nature fosters deeper cognitive processing. Unlike typing, 
which allows for quick corrections and auto-completions, writing by hand requires deliberate planning of each 
stroke, promoting mindfulness and reducing mental shortcuts. Such “neural maintenance”, as Van der Meer terms 
it, not only sharpens memory but also delays cognitive decline. 
Educators are re-evaluating handwriting’s role. While some countries have dropped cursive ( 手写体的) 
instruction, others like Norway and parts of the U. S. are reintegrating it into curricula to support brain 
development. For adults, maintaining handwriting practice serves as a low-cost cognitive exercise, similar to 
physical workouts for the mind. 
In conclusion, handwriting remains a vital tool for optimizing brain function. Though digital tools excel in 
efficiency, the sensory and motor demands of writing by hand cultivate richer learning experiences, fostering 
creativity, focus, and long-term maintenance. As Baron emphasizes, preserving this skill safeguards not just 
tradition, but the fundamental ways we process and retain knowledge. 
28.According to the passage, what is one significant advantage of handwriting over typing in terms of cognitive 
development?
A．Handwriting improves typing speed. 
B．Handwriting enhances memory preservation. 
C．Handwriting increases reliance on technology. 
D．Handwriting reduces the need for literacy development. 
29.What can be inferred about the impact of the activation on learning in paragraph 3?
A．It enhances learning and focus.
B．It makes learning more difficult.
C．It only benefits children, not adults.
D．It has a significant impact on learning.
30.What is the likely reason for the reintroduction of cursive handwriting in some educational curricula?
A．To improve students’ typing skills. 
B．To preserve traditional calligraphy techniques. 
C．To increase the efficiency of note-taking in lectures. 
D．To support brain development through multi-sensory engagement. 
31.What is the main purpose of the article?
A．To highlight the cognitive benefits of handwriting over typing. 
B．To provide a history of handwriting and its cultural significance. 
C．To argue that digital tools should replace handwriting in education. 
D．To describe the neurological differences between typing and handwriting. 
【答案】28.B    29.A    30.D    31.A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出在数字时代，手写能力虽下降，但研究表明其在认知方面有独特优
势，强调手写对大脑功能及知识学习的重要性。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段中“Numerous studies reveal that manual writing strengthens memory maintenance 
more effectively than typing.(大量研究表明，手写比打字更能有效地增强记忆的保持。)”以及“Naomi Susan 
Baron, a linguistics professor, notes that people across Japan, Norway, and the U.S. recall information better when 
jotting it down manually.(语言学教授娜奥米
苏珊
巴伦指出，日本、挪威和美国的人们在手写记录信息
・
・
时，对信息的回忆效果更好。)”可知，在认知发展方面，手写相较于打字的一个重要优势是增强记忆的保
持。故选B 项。
29.推理判断题。根据第三段“Neurological evidence supports these findings. Using EEG scans, Norwegian 
researchers observed that handwriting activates broader brain networks, including regions linked to memory, 
attention, and motor skills, while typing only stimulates localized areas. Theta (4-7Hz) and alpha (8-12.5Hz) 
brainwaves, associated with learning and focus, were notably stronger during manual writing. This multi-sensory 
engagement — combining touch, vision, and movement — enhances neural connectivity and information encoding.
(神经学证据支持这些发现。挪威研究人员通过脑电图扫描观察到，手写激活了更广泛的大脑网络，包括与
记忆、注意力和运动技能相关的区域，而打字只刺激局部区域。与学习和注意力相关的 θ（4-7Hz）和 α
（8-12.5Hz）脑电波在手写过程中明显更强。这种结合了触觉、视觉和运动的多感官参与增强了神经连接
和信息编码。)”可推知，这种激活对学习和注意力有积极作用，能增强学习和注意力。故选A 项。
30.推理判断题。根据第五段中“Educators are re-evaluating handwriting’s role. While some countries have 
dropped cursive instruction, others like Norway and parts of the U.S. are reintegrating it into curricula to support 
brain development.(教育工作者正在重新评估手写的作用。虽然一些国家已经取消了手写体教学，但像挪威
和美国部分地区等其他国家正在将其重新纳入课程，以支持大脑发育。)”以及第三段中提到手写能激活更
广泛的大脑网络，结合多感官参与等内容“This multi-sensory engagement — combining touch, vision, and 
movement — enhances neural connectivity and information encoding.(这种结合了触觉、视觉和运动的多感官
参与增强了神经连接和信息编码。)”可推知，一些教育课程重新引入手写体可能的原因是通过多感官参与
来支持大脑发育。故选D 项。
31.推理判断题。根据第一段“Yet research consistently highlights unique cognitive advantages of writing by 
hand that digital tools cannot imitate.(然而，研究一直强调手写具有数字工具无法模仿的独特认知优势。)”以
及后文通过众多研究和例子阐述手写在增强记忆、激活大脑网络、促进认知处理等方面相较于打字的优
势，如第二段中“Numerous studies reveal that manual writing strengthens memory maintenance more 
effectively than typing.(大量研究表明，手写比打字更能有效地增强记忆的保持。)”和第三段中
“Neurological evidence supports these findings. Using EEG scans, Norwegian researchers observed that 
handwriting activates broader brain networks, including regions linked to memory, attention, and motor skills, 
while typing only stimulates localized areas.(神经学证据支持这些发现。挪威研究人员通过脑电图扫描观察
到，手写激活了更广泛的大脑网络，包括与记忆、注意力和运动技能相关的区域，而打字只刺激局部区
域。)”等可推知，文章的主要目的是强调手写相较于打字在认知方面的益处。故选A 项。
 （六）
（2025·河南新乡·二模）
C
The skin is the body’s largest organ. Look at it under a microscope, and you will see thousands of nerve 
endings that help keep the brain connected to the outside world through touch, pressure, and pain. But Zhenan Bao 
sees something more. 
For Bao, a Stanford chemical engineer focusing on polymers (聚合物), the skin is not only a sensory organ 
but also a flexible, stretchable, and self-healing material. Bao works in an emerging field that aims to develop 
electronic skin, or e-skin, to recreate some functions of the human skin for use in artificial limbs ( 肢) as well as 
robotics. For people who wear artificial limbs, a sense of touch would improve their quality of life immeasurably. 
“Our current electronics are easily broken and difficult to bend or move. But if we can make them all like 
skin, it can potentially change how humans interact and connect with electronics,” Bao says. Bao sees possible 
applications for e-skin in wearable devices. “There is a lot of interest in wearable devices that go beyond just 
measuring how many steps we walk each day, or the heart rate,” she adds. 
The key to such delicate applications is that the electronics must be stretchable. That’s where polymers come 
in. A polymer is a large molecule (分子) made up of smaller molecules that are linked together like a chain. By 
changing the structure of the molecules, Bao and her team came up with a new flexible material that was perfect for 
the job. 
At Stanford, Bao and her colleagues worked on polymers for displays that can stretch and fold. After more 
than three years of work, they published a proof-of-principle study in the journal Nature for a super-stretchy 
polymer. The material can be eventually used for body-worn electronics that measure and display vital signs. Bao is 
driven by the idea of developing electronics that could benefit medical diagnosis and health care. But she thinks the 
road to commercialization is long.
28.Which is one of the goals of developing e-skin?
A．To touch robots.
B．To replace artificial limbs.
C．To aid some disabled individuals.
D．To improve humans’ sensory organs.
29.What does Bao expect of e-skin compared to current electronics?
A．It will be less convenient to wear.
B．It will be more durable and flexible.
C．It will be less interactive with humans.
D．It will be more bendable and breakable.
30.What can we learn about the super-stretchy polymer from the text?
A．It lacks proof of principle.
B．It can forecast the body’s vital signs.
C．It has been commercialized and sells well.
D．It is in the research and development stage.
31.What is the best title for the text?
A．Electronics: Becoming the Focus of Engineers 
B．E-skin: Transforming Human-Tech Interaction 
C．A Polymer: Acting as a Perfect Chemical Material 
D．Applications: Changing the Structure of the Molecules 
【答案】28.C    29.B    30.D    31.B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了电子皮肤这一新兴技术及其潜在应用。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段“Bao works in an emerging field that aims to develop electronic skin, or e-skin, to 
recreate some functions of the human skin for use in artificial limbs (肢) as well as robotics. For people who wear 
artificial limbs, a sense of touch would improve their quality of life immeasurably. (鲍在一个新兴领域工作，该
领域旨在开发电子皮肤，或电子皮肤，以重建人类皮肤的一些功能，用于假肢和机器人。对于佩戴假肢的
人来说，触觉会极大地提高他们的生活质量)”可知，开发电子皮肤的目标之一是重建人类皮肤的一些功
能，帮助一些残疾人。故选C。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段““Our current electronics are easily broken and difficult to bend or move. But if 
we can make them all like skin, it can potentially change how humans interact and connect with electronics,” Bao 
says. (“我们目前的电子产品很容易损坏，很难弯曲或移动。但如果我们能让它们都像皮肤一样，这可能会
改变人类与电子产品的交互和连接方式，”鲍说)”可知，鲍对电子皮肤的期望是相比目前的电子产品，它
将更耐用和灵活。故选B。
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“After more than three years of work, they published a proof-of-principle study 
in the journal Nature for a super-stretchy polymer. The material can be eventually used for body-worn electronics 
that measure and display vital signs. Bao is driven by the idea of developing electronics that could benefit medical 
diagnosis and health care. But she thinks the road to commercialization is long. (经过三年多的工作，他们在《自
然》杂志上发表了一项关于超拉伸聚合物的原理验证研究。这种材料最终可以用于测量和显示生命体征的
可穿戴电子设备。鲍的动机是开发有利于医疗诊断和健康护理的电子产品。但她认为商业化的道路还很漫
长)”可知，这种超拉伸聚合物的商业化道路还很漫长，由此推知，它还在研发阶段。故选D。
31.主旨大意题。根据第二段“Bao works in an emerging field that aims to develop electronic skin, or e-skin, to 
recreate some functions of the human skin for use in artificial limbs (肢) as well as robotics. (鲍从事的是一个新
兴领域，旨在开发电子皮肤，或电子皮肤，以重现人类皮肤的一些功能，用于假肢和机器人技术)”以及文
章内容可知，本文主要介绍了电子皮肤这一新兴技术，以及它如何改变人类与技术的交互方式。因此，最
佳标题是“电子皮肤：改变人与技术的交互方式”。故选B。
 （七）
（2025·河南豫西北教研联盟·二模）
C
Smell is probably our most underappreciated sense. But a loss of smell has been linked to health problems 
such as depression and cognitive (认知的)decline. And mounting evidence shows that smelling training may help 
prevent that decline. 
Now, a team of researchers led by Michael Leon, has successfully boosted cognitive performance by 
exposing people to smells while they sleep. Twenty participants — all older than 60 and generally healthy — 
received six months of overnight smell enrichment, and all significantly improved their ability to recall lists of 
words. 
The scientists are unsure about how the overnight smell may have produced this result. But Leon notes that 
the neurons ( 神经元)involved in our smelling have “direct superhighway access” to brain regions related to 
memory and emotion. In participants who received the treatment, the study authors observed the physical changes 
in a brain structure that connects the memory and emotional centers — a pathway that often deteriorates as people 
age.
Previous successful attempts to boost memory with smell typically relied on complicated interventions with 
multiple exposures a day. If the nighttime treatment proves successful in large tests, it promises to be a convenient 
way to achieve similar effects, says Vidya Kamath, a neuropsychologist at the Johns Hopkins University School of 
Medicine. 
Larger experiments may also help answer some remaining questions. The new study used widely available 
essential oils, but researchers aren’t sure if just any smell would get the same results. They don’t know how much 
an essential oil’s qualities affect the cognitive gains. It is also unclear how much novelty plays a role, says Michael 
Pieniak, a psychology researcher at the University of Wroclaw in Poland who has studied smelling training. 
Overnight smells could be a strong line for further study. But Pieniak cautions fans of smell training from running 
to try it. The results are promising, but just a start and should be repeated with more particular participants. 
28.What’s Leon’s research intended to check?
A．If it can enhance cognitive ability.
B．If it can help cure sleeplessness.
C．If it can recover the sense of smell.
D．If it can improve physical health.
29.What happens to the participants in the experiment?
A．They suffer from depression.
B．They remember smell far better.
C．They become more emotional.
D．They have changes in their brains.
30.What does the underlined word “deteriorates” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Remains stable.
B．Recovers gradually.
C．Becomes worse.
D．Disappears completely.
31.What is Michael Pieniak’s attitude towards the findings?
A．Cautious.
B．Optimistic.
C．Critical.
D．Enthusiastic.
【答案】28.A    29.D    30.C    31.A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了嗅觉训练对认知能力的提升作用，特别是通过夜间嗅觉刺激来改
善老年人的记忆功能。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段“Now, a team of researchers led by Michael Leon, has successfully boosted 
cognitive performance by exposing people to smells while they sleep.(现在，由Michael Leon 领导的研究团队通
过让人们在睡眠中接触气味，成功提升了认知能力)可知，Leon 的研究目的是检查嗅觉刺激是否能提升认
知能力。故选A。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段“In participants who received the treatment, the study authors observed the physical 
changes in a brain structure that connects the memory and emotional centers(在接受治疗的参与者中，研究作者
观察到连接记忆和情感中心的大脑结构发生了物理变化)”可知，参与者在实验中的大脑发生了变化。故选
D。
30.词义猜测题。根据第三段“a pathway that often deteriorates as people age.(随着人们年龄的增长，这条通
路通常会deteriorates)”并结合常识可知，人们年龄的增长，这条通路通常恶化。所以“deteriorates”意为
“恶化”。选项C（变得更糟）符合题意，故选C。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“But Pieniak cautions fans of smell training from running to try it. The results 
are promising, but just a start and should be repeated with more particular participants.(但Pieniak 提醒嗅觉训练的
爱好者不要急于尝试。结果是有希望的，但这只是一个开始，应该用更特定的参与者重复实验)”可知，
Pieniak 对研究结果持谨慎态度。故选A。
 （八）
（2025·河南信阳高级中学·二模）
C
Ask students to describe their brain with a metaphor( 比喻) and they’re likely to suggest a computer, 
command center, or maybe a lightning-fast communications network. But they’d be better off thinking of the brain 
as a muscle that gets stronger with use. Researchers now understand that IQ isn’t fixed at birth. Just as we get more 
physically fit from exercising, we can build brainpower through the act of learning.
Children who adopt what psychologist Carol Dweck calls a growth mindset understand that intelligence isn’t 
fixed but can be developed through effort. In her book Mindset, Dweck explains why students who have a growth 
mindset are more willing to tackle challenges, learn from failure, and see criticism as useful feedback rather than a 
reason to give up. This is the kind of thinking that keeps students motivated, even when learning is hard work.
The good news is that even mindset isn’t fixed. A growth mindset can be learned and improved by messages 
that praise persistence and set high expectations. For example, help students understand that challenging 
assignments will stretch their “thinking muscles.” At the same time, provide them with necessary support so they 
don’t get discouraged. 
It is widely believed that all brains are not equal because context and ability influence learning. The brain 
connects new information to old and can be changed by experience. 
Effective teaching strategies help students move toward higher-order thinking, or what neurologists call 
executive(执行) function. As neurologist turned teacher Judy Willis, MD explains, “When you provide students 
with opportunities to apply learning, especially through real, personally meaningful activities with formative 
assessments and corrective feedback throughout a unit, facts move from rote( 死记硬背) memory to become 
integrated into related memory bank, instead of being cut away from disuse.”
Of course, all this brain activity is happening in a unique way for each student. By addressing learners’ 
individual needs, educators can help students strengthen the connections that will lead to deeper understanding. 
28.Why does the author compare the brain to a muscle?
A．Both work as a complex network.
B．Both transport information quickly.
C．Both are important organs of the body.
D．Both become stronger through practice.
29.Which of the following students may have the growth mindset?
A．Student A abandoned his project half-way.
B．Student B changed his major after a failure.
C．Student C adjusted his way of learning new words.
D．Student D refused to accept his teacher’s criticism.
30.What can we infer about growth mindset from Paragraph 3?
A．It is born-with.
B．It is easy to get.
C．It can be predicted.
D．It can be strengthened.
31.Who are the probable target readers of this text?
A．Educators.
B．Parents.
C．Students.
D．Officials.
【答案】28.D    29.C    30.D    31.A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成长型思维模式及其在教学中的应用。
28.推理判断题。根据第一段中“But they’d be better off thinking of the brain as a muscle that gets stronger with 
use. Researchers now understand that IQ isn’t fixed at birth. Just as we get more physically fit from exercising, we 
can build brainpower through the act of learning.(但他们最好把大脑想象成一块随着使用而变得更强壮的肌
肉。研究人员现在明白，智商在出生时并不是固定的。正如我们通过锻炼获得更健康的身体一样，我们也
可以通过学习来建立脑力。)”可知，作者认为把大脑比作肌肉更贴切，因为大脑的智力和肌肉一样都是越
用越健壮。也就是都可以通过锻炼得到加强。故选D。
29.推理判断题。根据第二段中“In her book Mindset,Dweck explains why students who have a growth mindset 
are more willing to tackle challenges, learn from failure, and see criticism as useful feedback rather than a reason to 
give up.(在她的《心态》一书中，Dweck 解释了为什么具有成长心态的学生更愿意应对挑战，从失败中学
习，并将批评视为有用的反馈，而不是放弃的理由。即使学习是艰苦的工作，这种思维也能让学生保持动
力。)”可推知，有成长心态的学生心态更积极，会从失败中总结经验教训，继续努力。而选项C 中的学生
调整她学新单词的方法，所以这个学生的做法做法符合成长型思维的特点。故选C。
30.推理判断题。根据第三段“The good news is that even mindset isn’t fixed.A growth mindset can be learned 
and improved by messages that praise persistence and set high expectations. For example, help students understand 
that challenging assignments will stretch their “thinking muscles.” At the same time, provide them with necessary 
support so they don’t get discouraged.(好消息是，即使是心态也不是固定的。通过赞扬坚持不懈和设定高期
望的信息，可以学习和改善成长心态。例如，帮助学生理解具有挑战性的作业会拉伸他们的“思维肌
肉”。同时，为他们提供必要的支持，这样他们就不会气馁。）”可知，成长型思维可以习得，经过鼓励
可以得到加强。故选D。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Of course, all this brain activity is happening in a unique way for each 
student. By addressing learners’ individual needs, educators can help students strengthen the connections that will 
lead to deeper understanding.(当然，所有这些大脑活动对每个学生来说都是以一种独特的方式发生的。通过
满足学习者的个人需求，教育工作者可以帮助学生加强联系，从而加深理解。)”可知，本文在介绍了成长
型思维后，接着介绍了成长型思维在学生培养方面的具体应用，由此可推知，教育工作者可能是这篇文章
的目标读者。故选A。
 （九）
（2025·河南郑州中原区郑州中学·二模）
C
Humor plays a great role in helping one deal with stress, anger, fear, anxiety and other difficult emotions. 
Sometimes, that means purposefully shoring up defenses against hard times to come. Other times it can mean 
laughing when you want to cry, or cracking an illogical joke when it feels like the sky is falling and Earth is on fire. 
To psychologists, humor is an unconscious coping mechanism, a kind of strategic behavior or thought. Not 
all of these strategies are beneficial: Drinking or overeating, for example, are more dangerous coping mechanisms, 
whereas humor taps creativity into stress, which can enable a viewpoint shift and block distressing emotions. 
And of course, there’s the physical reaction of humor: laughter. With it comes better breathing, muscle 
relaxation and a higher pain tolerance. “The stress is there; you just don’t feel it as much,” says psychologist 
Sultanoff. 
Of course, humor isn’t foolproof: Making the wrong joke in the wrong way is just as likely to increase stress 
and disconnection. Mean-spirited or disparaging (贬低的) humor actually causes people to be further apart and 
increases division. 
“Humor can arise during stress without cause or effort to make it. But humor can also be played 
consciously,” Sultanoff says, adding that he sometimes travels with a clown nose to find fun in life’s everyday 
routine. “Joyful use of humor builds psychological antibodies (抗体),” he says. 
But taking up the power of humor doesn’t mean ignoring the negatives. The point is not to never feel 
difficult emotions. “Stress is there for a reason, and it’s to call your attention to a problem that needs to be solved,” 
Sultanoff says. “When you experience a negative emotion like sadness or anger or frustration, it’s important to 
recognize why that’s there.” Turning to humor too soon may prevent someone from processing emotions in a 
healthy way, increasing stress rather than decreasing it. “By expressing humor you give yourself a break. And we 
all need a little break,” Sultanoff says. 
28.How is humor helpful as a coping mechanism?
A．It prevents hard times coming.
B．It means an emotional release.
C．It generates positive mindsets.
D．It inspires artistic creativity.
29.Why does the author talk about laughter?
A．To correct a misunderstanding.
B．To illustrate an effect of humor.
C．To distinguish humor from it.
D．To warn the danger of stress.
30.Which of the following is called disparaging humor in paragraph 4?
A．Making your friend look stupid.
B．Telling a story in a funny way.
C．Wearing clown clothes at a party.
D．Laughing at your own mistakes.
31.What does Sultanoff think of a difficult emotion?
A．It’s something we should avoid.
B．It’s a reminder of our problems.
C．It draws our attention to humor.
D．It gives us a break from routine.
【答案】28.C    29.B    30.A    31.B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讨论了幽默的作用，然后进一步从心理学家的角度来看幽默是在哪个层
面上发挥作用。
28.推理判断题。根据第二段“Drinking or overeating, for example, are more dangerous coping mechanisms, 
whereas humor taps creativity into stress, which can enable a viewpoint shift and block distressing emotions.(例
如，饮酒或暴饮暴食是更危险的应对机制，而幽默则能够将创造力融入压力之中，这可能会带来视角的转
变，并阻断痛苦的情绪)”可知，幽默可以改变看问题的视角，抑制令人痛苦的情绪。由此推知，幽默的作
用主要是树立积极的心态。故选C 项。
29.推理判断题。根据第三段“With it comes better breathing, muscle relaxation and a higher pain tolerance. (随
之而来的是更顺畅的呼吸、肌肉放松以及更高的疼痛耐受性)”可推知，作者本段谈到laughter 的积极作
用，是为了进一步阐述幽默的积极作用。故选B 项。
30.推理判断题。根据第四段“Of course, humor isn’t foolproof: Making the wrong joke in the wrong way is just 
as likely to increase stress and disconnection. Mean-spirited or disparaging (贬低的) humor actually causes people 
to be further apart and increases division. (当然，幽默并不是万能的：在错误的时机讲错误的笑话，同样可能
增加压力和疏离感。带有恶意或贬损性的幽默实际上会导致人们之间的距离进一步拉大，并加剧分裂)”可
推知，让你的朋友看起来很蠢是一种贬低性幽默。故选A 项。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“When you experience a negative emotion like sadness or anger or frustration, 
it’s important to recognize why that’s there. (当你体验到悲伤、愤怒或挫败感等负面情绪时，重要的是要认识
到这些情绪产生的原因)”可推知，Sultanof 认为，difficult emotions 让我们认识到我们的问题，这就是
difficult emotions 的价值。故选B 项。
（十）
（2025·河南安阳·二模）
D
For hundreds of years, the island of Santiago has been home to a unique population of free-ranging monkeys, 
creating a popular natural laboratory for researchers. In 2017, a hurricane significantly impacted the island, 
destroying more than two-thirds of plants. 
Even now, tree cover remains far below pre-hurricane levels, which makes shade a precious resource for the 
monkeys. In response to the violent changes caused by the hurricane, they increased tolerance and decreased 
attacks towards each other, a new study found. 
The researchers were motivated by a finding in their previous work on the same monkey population: The 
animals became more accepting of one another and built new relationships despite insufficient resource availability. 
But this time, the team wanted to explore whether the monkeys were simply passively engaging in these shade-
sharing behaviors due to the fact that they were being “forced” into limited space. 
For 10 years in a row, the researchers collected behavioral data across seven social groups. They constructed 
networks for each group to draw comparisons before and after the hurricane. “Before the hurricane, tolerating 
others had no impact on the risk of death,” first author Testard says. “Afterwards, the monkeys that displayed more 
than average social tolerance and were therefore better able to share shade, were 42% less likely to die than those 
that were less tolerant.” 
This represents a sudden change in “selection pressure”, the evolutionary ( 进化的) benefits or costs of 
different characteristics or behaviors. “To access shade, they need to tolerate and be tolerated by others, and we 
found that this tolerance influences other daily interactions,” says Testard. “Monkeys that began sharing shade also 
spent time together in the mornings, before the day’s heat forces them to seek shade.” 
Professor Brent adds that “monkeys are known for living in an aggressive (好斗的) and highly competitive 
society. But in the heat caused by ecological changes, they cooperatively coped with disturbances in the 
environment. We were surprised that the monkeys’ social behavior was so flexible, making them quickly adjust to 
this environmental change.” 
32.How did the hurricane affect the monkeys?
A．They had a higher death rate.
B．They were more friendly to companions.
C．They developed resistance to disasters.
D．They moved to places with more shade.
33.What’s the purpose of the new study?
A．To find out how the monkeys shared shade. 
B．To confirm the interactions between the monkeys. 
C．To study the impacts of resources on monkeys. 
D．To explore the reasons for the monkeys’ tolerance. 
34.What led to monkeys’ changing behavior?
A．The chance of better survival.
B．The larger population of monkeys.
C．The easy availability of resources.
D．The increasing human disturbances.
35.What does the text mainly talk about?
A．Natural disasters are the main danger facing wild animals. 
B．Monkeys rely on human intervention to survive disasters. 
C．Aggression is the primary social behavior in monkey groups. 
D．Environmental pressure drives animals’ rapid behavioral evolution. 
【答案】32.B    33.D    34.A    35.D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了圣地亚哥岛的猴子在飓风导致环境变化（树荫资源不足）的压力
下，从好斗、竞争的社会行为转变为更具容忍性和合作性的行为，并且这种行为的改变有助于它们更好地
生存，体现了环境压力促使动物行为快速进化。
32.细节理解题。根据第二段“Even now, tree cover remains far below pre-hurricane levels, which makes shade a 
precious resource for the monkeys. In response to the violent changes caused by the hurricane, they increased 
tolerance and decreased attacks towards each other, a new study found. (即使是现在，树木覆盖率仍然远远低于
飓风前的水平，这使得树荫成为猴子的宝贵资源。一项新的研究发现，为了应对飓风造成的剧烈变化，它
们增加了容忍度，减少了对彼此的攻击。)”可知，飓风使得树木覆盖量远低于飓风前水平，树荫成为珍贵
资源，猴子们对此的反应是增加了对彼此的容忍度，减少了相互攻击，即它们对同伴更友好了。故选B
项。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段中“But this time, the team wanted to explore whether the monkeys were simply 
passively engaging in these shade-sharing behaviors due to the fact that they were being “forced” into limited 
space. (但这一次，研究小组想要探索猴子是否只是被动地参与这些阴影分享行为，因为它们被“强迫”进
入有限的空间。)”可知，研究团队之前发现猴子们在资源不足的情况下变得更能接受彼此并建立新关系，
这次他们想探究猴子们进行这些共享树荫行为的原因，是因为被“逼”进有限空间而被动为之，还是有其
他原因，也就是探究猴子容忍行为的原因。故选D 项。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段中““Before the hurricane, tolerating others had no impact on the risk of death,” 
first author Testard says. “Afterwards, the monkeys that displayed more than average social tolerance and were 
therefore better able to share shade, were 42% less likely to die than those that were less tolerant.” (“在飓风之前，
容忍他人对死亡风险没有影响，”第一作者特斯塔德说。“之后，那些表现出高于平均水平的社会容忍
度，因此能够更好地分享阴影的猴子，比那些容忍度较低的猴子死亡的可能性低42%。”)”可知，飓风过
后，表现出更多社会容忍度、更能共享树荫的猴子比容忍度低的猴子死亡率低 42%，所以是更好的生存机
会导致了猴子行为的改变。故选A 项。
35.主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“Professor Brent adds that “monkeys are known for living in an 
aggressive( 好斗的)and highly competitive society. But in the heat caused by ecological changes, they 
cooperatively coped with disturbances in the environment. We were surprised that the monkeys’ social behavior 
was so flexible, making them quickly adjust to this environmental change.” (布伦特教授补充说：“众所周知，
猴子生活在一个充满侵略性和高度竞争的社会中。但在生态变化引起的高温下，它们合作应对环境中的干
扰。我们惊讶于猴子的社会行为如此灵活，使它们能够迅速适应这种环境变化。” )”可知，文章主要讲述
了圣地亚哥岛的猴子在飓风导致环境变化（树荫资源不足）的压力下，从好斗、竞争的社会行为转变为更
具容忍性和合作性的行为，并且这种行为的改变有助于它们更好地生存，体现了环境压力促使动物行为快
速进化。故选D 项。
 （十一）
（2025·河南平汝名校·二模）
D
The air around us contains a powerful solution for making agriculture more sustainable. Researchers at 
Stanford University and King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals in Saudi Arabia have developed a device 
that can produce ammonia ( 氨) — a key component of fertilizer — using wind energy. The approach they 
developed, if perfected, might remove the need for a century-old method that produces ammonia by combining 
nitrogen and hydrogen at high pressures and temperatures. The older method consumes 2% of global energy and 
contributes 1% of annual carbon dioxide release from its reliance on natural gas. 
“This breakthrough allows us to use the nitrogen in our air and produce ammonia sustainably,” said study 
senior author Richard Zare, professor of chemistry at the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. 
To design their device, the researchers studied how different environmental factors, like wind speed, salt 
levels, and acidity affect ammonia production, and also looked at how the size of water droplets, the concentration 
of the solution, and the contact of water with materials that don’t react with water impact the process. Lastly, they 
tested the best mix of iron oxide and an acid polymer to determine the ideal conditions for producing ammonia. 
The Stanford team’s process applies the surrounding air to get nitrogen and hydrogen from water vapor ( 蒸
气). By passing air through a mesh (网格) coated with chemicals to facilitate the necessary reaction, the researchers 
produced enough ammonia with a sufficiently high concentration to serve as a hydroponic fertilizer in greenhouse 
settings. Unlike traditional methods, the new technique operates at room temperature and standard atmospheric 
pressure. 
In laboratory experiments, the team demonstrated further potential by recycling water, achieving ammonia 
concentrations sufficient to fertilize plants grown in a greenhouse after just two hours. 
The device is 2-3 years away from being market-ready, according to study co-author Chanbasha Basheer of 
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. Meanwhile, the researchers plan to use increasingly large mesh 
systems to produce more ammonia. “There’s much room to develop this,” Basheer said. 
32.What is the significance of the new ammonia production method?
A．It requires high pressures.
B．It leads to using less fertilizer.
C．It employs fuels extensively.
D．It reduces environmental impacts.
33.What does paragraph 3 talk about?
A．Ways of testing the amount of ammonia. B．The complexity of the production approach.
C．The preparations for designing the device.D．Examples of water reaction with materials.
34.How does the new device produce ammonia?
A．By applying natural gas to achieve high temperatures.
B．By using wind energy to draw air through a 
mesh.
C．By changing the pressure in the atmosphere.
D．By burning fuels to create a lot of energy.
35.What did Basheer say about the device?
A．It has a promising future.
B．It is self-powered.
C．It barely benefits agriculture.
D．It has been on the market.
【答案】32.D    33.C    34.B    35.A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。斯坦福大学研究人员研发的新设备能从稀薄的空气中生产关键的肥料成分
——氨，这项创新可能会改变作物的施肥方式，从而减少碳排放。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers at Stanford University and King Fahd University of Petroleum and 
Minerals in Saudi Arabia have developed a device that can produce ammonia (氨) — a key component of fertilizer 
— using wind energy. The approach they developed, if perfected, might remove the need for a century-old method 
that produces ammonia by combining nitrogen and hydrogen at high pressures and temperatures.The older method 
consumes 2% of global energy and contributes 1% of annual carbon dioxide release from its reliance on natural 
gas.(斯坦福大学和沙特阿拉伯法赫德国王石油与矿产大学的研究人员开发了一种利用风能生产氨（肥料的
关键成分）的装置。他们开发的方法如果完善，可能会消除对一种有百年历史的在高压高温下将氮和氢结
合生产氨的方法的需求。旧的方法消耗全球 2% 的能源，并且由于其对天然气的依赖，在每年的二氧化碳
排放中占比 1%)”可知，旧方法耗能高且产生二氧化碳排放，新的生产氨的方法如果完善可以取代旧方
法，新方法可以减少对环境的影响。故选D。
33.主旨大意题。根据第三段“To design their device, the researchers studied how different environmental 
factors, like wind speed, salt levels, and acidity affect ammonia production, and also looked at how the size of 
water droplets, the concentration of the solution, and the contact of water with materials that don’t react with water 
impact the process. Lastly, they tested the best mix of iron oxide and an acid polymer to determine the ideal 
conditions for producing ammonia.(为了设计他们的装置，研究人员研究了不同的环境因素，如风速、盐度
和酸度如何影响氨的生产，还研究了水滴的大小、溶液的浓度以及水与不与水发生反应的材料的接触如何
影响这个过程。最后，他们测试了氧化铁和一种酸性聚合物的最佳混合比例，以确定生产氨的理想条件)”
可知，本段主要讲的是研究人员设计这个装置所做的一些准备工作，包括研究各种影响因素和测试材料混
合比例等。故选C。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段“The Stanford team’s process applies the surrounding air to get nitrogen and 
hydrogen from water vapor (蒸气). By passing air through a mesh (网格) coated with chemicals to facilitate the 
necessary reaction, the researchers produced enough ammonia with a sufficiently high concentration to serve as a 
hydroponic fertilizer in greenhouse settings.(斯坦福大学团队的过程是利用周围的空气从水蒸气中获取氮和
氢。通过让空气穿过涂有化学物质的网格，以促进必要的反应，研究人员生产出了足够浓度的氨，足以在
温室环境中用作水培肥料)”可知，新装置是利用风能让空气穿过网格来生产氨的。故选B。
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“The device is 2-3 years away from being market-ready, according to study co-
author Chanbasha Basheer of King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals. Meanwhile, the researchers plan to 
use increasingly large mesh systems to produce more ammonia. ‘There’s much room to develop this,’ Basheer said.
(据法赫德国王石油矿产大学的研究合著者钱巴沙
巴希尔称，该设备距离投入市场还有 
・
2 到 3 年时间。
与此同时，研究人员计划使用越来越大的网格系统来生产更多的氨。巴希尔说：‘这个项目有很大的发展
空间。’)”可推断，巴希尔认为这个装置前景广阔。故选A。
 （十二）
（2025·河南许昌·二模）
D
Researchers at the Tokyo University of Science (TUS) have developed a groundbreaking sweat biosensor 
that opens up new possibilities for real-time health monitoring. 
Wearable sensors, typically worn directly on the skin, can monitor vital signs such as heart rate, blood 
pressure, and muscle activity. However, designing chemical sensors for detecting substance in bodily liquid, like 
sweat, has proven more complex due to issues of skin irritation (刺激) and accuracy when integrated into clothing.  
Addressing these challenges, the research team at TUS used a technique called “heat-transfer Printing” to fix 
a thin, flexible chloride ion (氯离子) sensor onto a clothing base and then integrated it into clothes such as T-shirts. 
Further, health signs such as chloride ion concentration in sweat can be measured by simply wearing them. By 
moving the sensor outside of the clothing piece, skin irritation is prevented. The wicking effect (芯吸效应) of fiber 
helps distributing sweat evenly between the sensor’s electrodes ( 电极), ensuring stable electrical contact and 
therefore improving the accuracy. 
Additionally, the team carefully selected skin-friendly materials and conducted various experiments using 
artificial sweat to prove the sensor’s accuracy in measuring chloride ion concentration. To assess its practicality, the 
team tested the sensor on a volunteer who engaged in a 30-minute exercise on a still bicycle. Measurements of 
bodily liquid were taken every five minutes and compared with the data collected by the sensor. The wearable 
sensor reliably measured the concentration of chloride ions in sweat. Moreover, the sensor has the capability to 
deliver data wirelessly, enabling real-time health monitoring. 
This breakthrough can boost the development of advanced healthcare devices that offer precise and 
convenient monitoring of important health indicators. With the power of these tiny electronics, researchers are 
pushing the boundaries of healthcare innovation to improve disease prevention and overall well-being. 
32.What is the main purpose of the sweat biosensor developed by TUS?
A．To measure muscle activity. 
B．To monitor heart rate and blood pressure. 
C．To detect chloride ions in sweat for health monitoring. 
D．To prevent skin irritation caused by wearable sensors. 
33.Why is designing sweat-based chemical sensors more complex?
A．Direct skin placement demands. 
B．Limitations in heat-transfer printing technology. 
C．Difficulties in manufacturing chloride ion sensors. 
D．Skin irritation and accuracy challenges in clothing integration. 
34.What method did TUS use to prevent skin irritation caused by the sensor?
A．By using skin-friendly materials.
B．By moving the sensor outside clothing.
C．By improving the accuracy of the sensor.D．By conducting experiments using artificial sweat.
35.How was the practicality of the sensor assessed?
A．Conducting experiments using artificial sweat. 
B．Measuring chloride ion concentration in sweat reliably. 
C．Testing the sensor on a volunteer and comparing results. 
D．Selecting skin-friendly materials for the sensor. 
【答案】32.C    33.D    34.B    35.C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了东京理科大学 研究人员开发的一种突破性汗液生物传感器，
该传感器为实时健康监测提供了新的可能性。文章详细描述了传感器的设计原理、测试过程及其在实际应
用中的潜力。
32. 推理判断题。根据第一段“ Researchers at the Tokyo University of Science (TUS) have developed a 
groundbreaking sweat biosensor that opens up new possibilities for real-time health monitoring.(东京理科大学
（TUS）的研究人员开发出一种开创性的汗液生物传感器，为实时健康监测开辟了新的可能性)”和第三段
中“Further, health signs such as chloride ion concentration in sweat can be measured by simply wearing them.(此
外，只需穿上它们，就可以测量出汗液中氯离子浓度等健康指标)”可推知，东京理科大学开发的汗液生物
传感器的主要目的是检测汗液中的氯离子来进行健康监测。故选C。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段中“However, designing chemical sensors for detecting substance in bodily liquid, 
like sweat, has proven more complex due to issues of skin irritation ( 刺激) and accuracy when integrated into 
clothing.(然而，事实证明，设计用于检测汗液等体液中物质的化学传感器更为复杂，因为将其集成到衣物
中时会出现皮肤刺激和准确性问题)”可知，设计基于汗液的化学传感器更复杂是因为服装集成中的皮肤刺
激和准确性挑战。故选D。
34.细节理解题。根据第三段中“By moving the sensor outside of the clothing piece, skin irritation is prevented.
(通过将传感器移到衣服外面，可以防止皮肤受到刺激)”可知，TUS 通过将传感器移动到衣物外部来防止皮
肤刺激。故选B。
35.细节理解题。根据第四段中“To assess its practicality, the team tested the sensor on a volunteer who engaged 
in a 30-minute exercise on a still bicycle. Measurements of bodily liquid were taken every five minutes and 
compared with the data collected by the sensor.(为了评估其实用性，研究小组在一名志愿者身上测试了传感
器，该志愿者骑着静止的自行车锻炼了30 分钟。每五分钟测量一次体液，并与传感器收集的数据进行比
较)”可知，通过对志愿者进行测试并比较结果来评估传感器的实用性。故选C。
 （十三）
（2025·河南南阳完全学校·二模）
D
Exhausted by the rising cost of living in the United States and non-stop advertisements, some young adults 
on TikTok are pushing back. 
“When every moment of your life feels like you are being sold something and the price of that item keeps 
going up, people will burn out on spending money,” said Kara Perez, an influencer and financial educator. 
Social media has long showcased picture — perfect homes, luxurious closets and various beauty products. 
But a new trend, known as “underconsumption core”, is moving in the opposite direction - encouraging more 
economical lifestyles and prioritizing quality over quantity. For example, many people on social media proudly 
display their well-worn shoes that have been with them since middle school, along with their commitment to using 
the last drop of their makeup. Others opt for repurposing old mason jars instead of buying new food storage 
containers. 
For a long time, young people in the West have commonly made use of “Buy Now, Pay Later” plans, which 
have intensified consumption. They have developed a behavior of spending down to their last pound on a fashion 
item. It is an addiction tied to the pressure “to show who we are through possessions”. However, years of inflation 
(通货膨胀) have forced many to conclude that they cannot keep up with the spending habits of those on their social 
media feeds. 
“The social media trend of ‘underconsumption’ is a way for Gen Z to make the most of their money and be 
environmentally friendly at the same time,” said Ashley Ross, head of Bank of America. 
Low-consumption brick-and-mortar (实体的) initiatives attract a broader range of people across different 
profiles and generations. Anjali Zielinski, 42, joined a “Mending 101” workshop in Georgetown, DC, hoping to 
acquire new skills. She brought her 7-year-old daughter, Mina, along with her. In addition to providing an outlet for 
Mina’s creativity, she hopes the craft will teach her daughter the “value of our possessions and the work that goes 
into them.” 
But some are still doubtful. It remains to be seen whether “underconsumption core” is simply a mood or a 
lasting movement. “The lifespan of this trend depends, in many ways, on how long the economy continues to slow 
and incomes remains below price gains,” Brett House, an economics professor at Columbia Business School, told 
CNBC． 
32.What is the cause of some Americans’ cutting back on spending?
A．The commercial activities.
B．Their social media feeds.
C．Their material satisfaction.
D．The economic downturn.
33.What is the philosophy of “underconsumption core”?
A．Spending money as you like.
B．Doing more with less.
C．Keeping up with the Joneses.
D．Buy Now, Pay Later.
34.How does the author tell us the trend’s popularity among people?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By listing numbers.
D．By citing research data.
35.What is Brett House’s attitude to the “underconsumption core” trend?
A．Doubtful.
B．Reserved.
C．Objective.
D．Disapproving.
【答案】32.D    33.B    34.A    35.C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了美国一些年轻人受生活成本上升和经济不景气的影响，在TikTok 上推动
“低消费核心”潮流，但这一潮流能否持久还有待观察。
32.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Exhausted by the rising cost of living in the United States and non - stop 
advertisements, some young adults on TikTok are pushing back.(受美国生活成本上升和无休止的广告的影响，
TikTok 上的一些年轻人开始抵制消费)”以及第四段“However, years of inflation (通货膨胀) have forced many 
to conclude that they cannot keep up with the spending habits of those on their social media feeds.( 然而，多年的
通货膨胀迫使许多人得出结论，他们无法跟上社交媒体上那些人的消费习惯)”可知，一些美国人削减开支
受美国生活成本上升和无休止的广告的影响，以及多年的通货膨胀迫使许多人放弃社交媒体上那些人的消
费习惯，所以一些美国人削减开支的原因是经济不景气。故选D 项。
33.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“But a new trend, known as “underconsumption core”, is moving in the 
opposite direction - encouraging more economical lifestyles and prioritizing quality over quantity.(但是一种被称
为“低消费核心”的新趋势正在朝着相反的方向发展——鼓励更经济的生活方式，重质量而非数量)”可知
“低消费核心”的新趋势鼓励更经济的生活方式，重质量而非数量，可知“低消费核心”的理念是用更少
的资源做更多的事。故选B 项。
34.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“For example, many people on social media proudly display their well - worn 
shoes that have been with them since middle school, along with their commitment to using the last drop of their 
makeup. Others opt for repurposing old mason jars instead of buying new food storage containers.(例如，社交媒
体上的许多人自豪地展示他们从中学就开始穿的旧鞋子，以及他们使用最后一滴化妆品的承诺。其他人则
选择重新利用旧的梅森罐，而不是购买新的食品储存容器)”可知，作者通过举例来告诉我们这一趋势在人
群中的流行程度。故选A 项。
35.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““The lifespan of this trend depends, in many ways, on how long the 
economy continues to slow and incomes remains below price gains,” Brett House, an economics professor at 
Columbia Business School, told CNBC.(哥伦比亚商学院(Columbia Business School)经济学教授布雷特·豪斯
(Brett House)在接受美国全国广播公司财经频道(CNBC)采访时表示：“这一趋势的持续时间在很大程度上
取决于经济放缓的持续时间以及收入是否仍低于物价涨幅。”)”可知，布雷特·豪斯指出这一潮流的持续时
间在很大程度上取决于经济放缓和收入低于物价上涨的时长，只是客观陈述这一潮流与经济因素的关系，
可推理出布雷特·豪斯的态度是客观的。故选C 项。
 （十四）
（2025·河南湘豫名校联考·二模）
D
AI fakery (伪造) is quickly becoming one of the biggest problems confronting us online. Deceptive pictures, 
videos and audio are increasing as a result of the rise and misuse of generative artificial intelligence tools. 
With AI deepfakes cropping up almost every day, it’s getting harder to tell what’s real from what’s not. Video 
and image generators like DALL-E, make it easy for people without any technical skills to create deepfakes — just 
type a request and the system spits it out. 
These fake images might seem harmless. But they can be used to carry out fraud and identity theft. Here is 
how to avoid being cheated by deepfakes. 
Face-swapping is one of the most common deepfake methods. Experts advise looking closely at the edges of 
the face. Does the facial skin tone match the rest of the head or the body? Are the edges of the face sharp enough? 
If you suspect video of a person speaking has been doctored, look at their mouth. Do their lip movements match the 
audio perfectly? 
Sometimes the context matters. Take a beat to consider whether what you’re seeing is reasonable. The 
Poynter journalism website advises that if you see a public figure doing something that seems “exaggerated, 
unrealistic or not in character”, it could be a deepfake. 
Another approach is to use AI to fight AI. Microsoft has developed an authenticator tool that can analyze 
photos or videos to give a confidence score on whether it’s been manipulated ( 操控). Chipmaker Intel’s Fake 
Catcher uses algorithms (算法) to analyze an image’s pixels (像素) to determine if it’s real or fake. 
All this being said, artificial intelligence has been advancing with breakneck speed and AI models are being 
trained on Internet data to produce increasingly higher-quality content with fewer flaws. That means there’s no 
guarantee that this advice will still be valid even a year from now. 
Experts say it might even be dangerous to put the burden on ordinary people to become digital Sherlocks 
because it could give them a false sense of confidence as it becomes increasingly difficult, even for trained eyes, to 
spot deepfakes. 
32.What is the concern regarding AI fakery?
A．The decline in artistic creativity.
B．The difficulty in identifying truth.
C．The ease of technical skill acquisition.
D．The rise in AI-generated entertainment.
33.Which image is likely generated by AI deepfake technology?
A．An image with consistent skin tones.
B．An image with proper public figure action.
C．An image with unclear edges around the face. D．An image with perfect lip movement with audio.
34.Which of the following is the method for an AI tool to detect fake media?
A．Training AI models on Internet data.
B．Applying machine learning algorithms.
C．Evaluating the likelihood of media manipulation.
D．Producing higher-quality content with fewer flaws.
35.What is the author’s attitude towards the public’s ability to detect deepfakes?
A．Optimistic.
B．Pessimistic.
C．Neutral.
D．Dismissive.
【答案】32.B    33.C    34.C    35.B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了AI 伪造现象，特别是深度伪造在图片、视频和音频领域的
快速增加，以及它们如何成为网络上面临的重大问题。
32.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“With AI deepfakes cropping up almost every day, it’s getting harder to tell 
what’s real from what’s not. Video and image generators like DALL-E, make it easy for people without any 
technical skills to create deepfakes—just type a request and the system spits it out.(随着人工智能换脸技术几乎每
天都在出现，辨别真假变得越来越困难。像DALL-E 这样的视频和图像生成器，让没有任何技术技能的人
也能轻松制作出换脸内容——只需输入一个指令，系统就能生成相应内容。)”可知，随着人工智能换脸技
术几乎每天都在出现，辨别真假变得越来越困难。像DALL-E 这样的视频和图像生成器让没有技术技能的
人也能轻松制作换脸内容。也就是说，对于人工智能造假的担忧是辨别真相的困难。故选B。
33.推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Face-swapping is one of the most common deepfake methods. Experts advise 
looking closely at the edges of the face. Does the facial skin tone match the rest of the head or the body? Are the 
edges of the face sharp enough? If you suspect video of a person speaking has been doctored, look at their mouth. 
Do their lip movements match the audio perfectly? (换脸是最常见的人工智能换脸方法之一。专家建议仔细观
察人脸的边缘。面部肤色与头部其他部分或身体的肤色匹配吗？人脸的边缘是否足够清晰？如果你怀疑一
段某人说话的视频被篡改过，那就观察他们的嘴巴。他们的嘴唇动作与音频完全匹配吗？)”可以了解判断
人工智能换脸技术生成图像的方法。依据文中“Are the edges of the face sharp enough?”可判断选项C“An 
image with unclear edges around the face.( 一张人脸边缘不清晰的图像)”很可能是人工智能换脸技术生成的
图像。故选C。
34.细节理解题。根据文章第六段“ Another approach is to use AI to fight AI. Microsoft has developed an 
authenticator tool that can analyze photos or videos to give a confidence score on whether it’s been manipulated (操
控). Chipmaker Intel’s Fake Catcher uses algorithms(算法) to analyze an image’s pixels(像素) to determine if it’s 
real or fake.(另一种方法是利用人工智能来对抗人工智能。微软开发了一种验证工具，它可以分析照片或视
频，并给出其是否被操控的可信度评分。芯片制造商英特尔的“假图捕手”则使用算法来分析图像的像
素，以确定其真假。)”可知，使用人工智能来对抗人工智能的方法中，微软开发的验证工具可以分析照片
或视频，给出其是否被操控的可信度评分；英特尔的“假图捕手”使用算法分析图像像素来确定真假，这
些都是评估媒体被操控的可能性的方法。由此可知，人工智能工具检测虚假媒体的方法是评估媒体被操控
的可能性。故选C。
35.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Experts say it might even be dangerous to put the burden on ordinary 
people to become digital Sherlocks because it could give them a false sense of confidence as it becomes 
increasingly difficult, even for trained eyes, to spot deepfakes.(专家表示，让普通人成为数字时代的“福尔摩
斯”来辨别真假甚至可能是危险的，因为随着辨别换脸内容变得越来越困难，即使是经过专业训练的人也
难以察觉，这可能会让他们产生一种错误的自信感。)”可知，专家认为让普通人成为数字时代的“福尔摩
斯”来辨别真假甚至可能是危险的，因为随着辨别换脸内容变得越来越困难，即使是经过专业训练的人也
难以察觉，这可能会让他们产生一种错误的自信感。作者引用专家的话，表明了自己对公众辨别深度伪造
内容能力持悲观态度。故选B。
 （十五）
（2025·河南开封市等3 地·二模）
D
There are between 10 and 50 billion potentially habitable worlds in our galaxy, says Bill Diamond. He is the 
chief executive of the US-based research organization Seti, which is short for Search for Extraterrestrial (地球以外
的) Intelligence. “Seti is looking for science and technology beyond the solar system as evidence of life and 
intelligence, and that’s by and large a needle in a haystack (草垛) problem,” Mr Diamond says. 
But the ability of AI to both handle massive datasets and to spot abnormal phenomena is transforming the 
hunt for intelligence. Mr Diamond points to AI enabling the search for new types of radio signals from aliens. 
Traditionally, Seti has looked for narrowband signals like those used by humans. “But there was always the 
question, ‘What if there’s an alien advanced technology that is using wideband radio?’ And if that’s the case, our 
traditional methods wouldn’t work; it would look like a bunch of noise on the screen.” However, Mr Diamond says 
that the ability of AI to handle massive amounts of data means it’s possible to take millions of “snapshots” of this 
snowy audio picture over time, and to start to look for patterns. 
Researcher Peter Ma developed an AI system to examine telescope data and distinguish between possible 
alien signals and interference. His team simulated both types of noise and trained the AI to differentiate them. Mr 
Ma says that an alien signal would, for example, “only appear when we point our telescopes at it and disappear 
when we point away”. The project has already identified eight potential alien signals that went undetected by 
traditional analysis. However, Mr Ma believes that as the observations haven’t yet been repeated, they are probably 
false positives. 
It’s early days, and any promising results generated by AI need to be validated by other observations, or by 
physics-based models, before they can be shouted from the rooftops. But as more and more data is collected and 
analyzed, the chances of detecting alien life — if it exists — are increasing all the time.
32.What does Mr Diamond stress in Paragraph 1?
A．The ability of artificial intelligence.
B．The difficulty of finding aliens.
C．The existence of alien intelligence.
D．The effort to explore the solar system.
33.What does Mr Diamond want to prove by mentioning “wideband radio” in Paragraph 2?
A．The high IQ of aliens.
B．The potential for the application of AI.
C．The appearance of new patterns.
D．The noisy narrowband signal sources.
34.What will Mr Ma depend on to judge his discovery?
A．The identified data.
B．The simulated noise.
C．The repetitive signals.
D．The traditional analysis.
35.What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?
A．Before they can be celebrated grandly.
B．Before they can be talked about privately.
C．Before they can be modeled by physicists.
D．Before they can be proved under observation.
【答案】32.B    33.B    34.C    35.A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人工智能正改变科学家对外星生命的搜索方式。虽处于早期，但
随着数据增加，探测外星生命的机会会增多。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段““Seti is looking for science and technology beyond the solar system as evidence 
of life and intelligence, and that’s by and large a needle in a haystack (草垛) problem,” Mr Diamond says. (戴蒙德
表示：“Seti 正在寻找太阳系以外的科学技术，作为生命和智慧存在的证据，这基本上是大海捞针。”)”
可知，Diamond 先生强调的是发现外星生命存在的挑战性，即发现外星生命就像大海捞针一样困难。故选
B 项。
33.推理判断题。根据第二段“However, Mr Diamond says that the ability of AI to handle massive amounts of 
data means it’s possible to take millions of “snapshots” of this snowy audio picture over time, and to start to look 
for patterns.(然而，戴蒙德表示，人工智能处理大量数据的能力意味着，随着时间的推移，它有可能为这张
雪景音频图片拍摄数百万张“快照”，并开始寻找模式)”可推知，人工智能却能对宽带无线电的音频图像
拍摄“快照”，并开启寻找模式，即Mr Diamond 提及宽带无线电是为了证明人工智能应用的潜力。故选
B 项。
34.细节理解题。根据第三段“However, Mr Ma believes that as the observations haven’t yet been repeated, they 
are probably false positives(然而，Ma 先生认为，由于这些观测结果尚未被重复，因此它们很可能是假阳
性)”可知，Ma 先生将会依赖重复的信号来判断他的发现，因此出现重复性的信号时，才能确定这些发现是
可靠的。故选C 项。
35.词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“ It’s early days, and any promising results generated by AI need to be 
validated by other observations, or by physics-based models(现在还处于早期阶段，人工智能产生的任何有希
望的结果都需要通过其他观察或基于物理的模型来验证)”可知，人工智能产生的任何有希望的结果在能够
被隆重庆祝之前，需要通过其他观察或基于物理的模型进行验证。因此划线句的意思是“任何由人工智能
产生的有希望的结果在被观测到或得到基于物理的模型的确认之前，然后才能隆重庆祝”与A 选项“在隆
重庆祝之前”为同义表达。故选A 项。
 （十六）
（2025·河南新乡·二模）
D
From an airplane, cars moving slowly down the highway look like ants. But unlike cars, ants manage to 
avoid the problem of stop-and-go traffic. Researchers are now studying these insects’ helpful ways to learn how to 
further program self-driving cars that run more efficiently and don't get stuck in traffic. 
The free flow of traffic becomes not stable as the number of cars increases on a highway. At 15 vehicles per 
mile per lane (车道), one driver hitting their brakes can start a long-lasting wave of traffic jams. 
The previous research of Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of Tokyo, had shown that ants 
looking for food can keep their flow even at high densities (密度). In a recent study, researchers recorded ants on 
their way to find food and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. They found that the ants 
don't get stuck because they travel in groups of 3 to 20 that move at almost the same speed while keeping good 
distances between one another, and they don't speed up to go past others. 
Human drivers during the rush hour are hardly likely to follow such rules. “We’re trying to get the most 
benefits for ourselves, which is why, at a certain point, we start to have a traffic jam,” says study co-author Nicola 
Pugno. But self-driving cars, if they one day become very common, could have more cooperative programming. 
This vehicle network would be like ants on a trail, which use smell to work together in their behaviors. In 
both ant and vehicle traffic, this type of system can be very strong and able to recover quickly, according to 
Nishinari. 
Still, ants can do things that cars-even self-driving ones-can’t. Plus, unlike cars, ants don't crash; they can 
actually walk over one another. Today's drivers can learn from ants to avoid causing a traffic jam: Keep a safe 
distance from the car in front. By doing this, drivers can deal with braking in heavy traffic conditions that would 
otherwise become a big traffic jam. 
32.Why do researchers study ants' behaviors?
A．To upgrade certain autonomous vehicles. 
B．To create a very stable environment for ants. 
C．To understand the social interaction among ants. 
D．To analyze the differences between ants and cars. 
33.What does paragraph 3 focus on?
A．How ants compete for food.
B．How ants keep traffic flowing.
C．How ants get stuck in traffic jams.
D．How ants move at different speeds.
34.What does Nicola Pugno stress as the cause of traffic jams?
A．The profit motive of humans.
B．The inefficiency of traffic rules.
C．The high density of vehicles on the road. D．The poor performance of self-driving cars.
35.What can we conclude from ants' behaviors?
A．Slow and steady wins the race.
B．Two heads are better than one.
C．Actions speak louder than words.
D．United we stand, divided we fall.
【答案】32.A    33.B    34.A    35.D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了蚂蚁在交通流动中的高效行为模式，以及这些行为如何为自
动驾驶汽车的设计和编程提供启示。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Researchers are now studying these insects' helpful ways to learn how to further 
program self-driving cars that run more efficiently and don't get stuck in traffic.(研究人员正在研究这些昆虫的有
益行为模式，以进一步优化自动驾驶汽车的编程，从而实现更高效的运行并避免交通拥堵)”可知，研究人
员研究蚂蚁的行为是为了学习它们的高效交通方式，以便更好地编程自动驾驶汽车，使其运行更高效且不
会陷入交通堵塞。故选A 项。
33.主旨大意题。根据第三段“The previous research of Nishinari, a mathematical physicist at the University of 
Tokyo, had shown that ants looking for food can keep their flow even at high densities (密度). In a recent study, 
researchers recorded ants on their way to find food and used traffic-engineering models to analyze their movement. 
They found that the ants don't get stuck because they travel in groups of 3 to 20 that move at almost the same speed 
while keeping good distances between one another, and they don’t speed up to go past others.(东京大学数学物理
学家Nishinari 的早期研究表明，即使在高度密集状态下，觅食蚂蚁群仍能保持流动畅通。在最新研究中，
研究者通过记录蚂蚁觅食路径，并运用交通工程模型分析其运动模式，发现蚂蚁不会拥堵的机制在于：它
们以3 至20 只的群体规模行进，保持近乎一致的速度与个体间距，且不会加速超越其他蚂蚁)”可知，第三
段重点讲的是蚂蚁如何保持交通畅通。故选B 项。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“‘We’re trying to get the most benefits for ourselves, which is why, at a 
certain point, we start to have a traffic jam,’ says study co-author Nicola Pugno.(研究报告的合著者Nicola Pugno
说：‘我们都在努力为自己获得最大的好处，这就是为什么在某种程度上，我们开始出现交通堵塞。’ )”
可知，Nicola Pugno 强调，人类追求自身利益的行为是导致交通堵塞的原因。故选A 项。
35.推理判断题。根据第三段的句子“They found that the ants don't get stuck because they travel in groups of 3 
to 20 that move at almost the same speed while keeping good distances between one another, and they don't speed 
up to go past others.(他们发现蚂蚁不会被困住，因为它们以3 到20 只蚂蚁为一组，以几乎相同的速度移
动，同时彼此保持良好的距离，而且它们不会加速超过其他蚂蚁)”可知，蚂蚁通过集体合作(保持一致速度
和适当距离)来避免交通堵塞，这体现了团结一致的重要性。由此推知，“United we stand, divided we 
fall(团结则存，分裂则亡)”是最符合蚂蚁行为的结论。故选D 项。
 （十七）
（2025·河南豫西北教研联盟·二模）
D
I give a lot of advice to my graduate students, most of whom are on the job market. I find that some young 
people are extremely anxious about the question, “How do I make a good impression in an interview?” 
People make judgments based on information they process in a second, below the level of consciousness. 
That does not mean, however, that anyone is sure to fail by a naturally serious behavior, a shy character, or plain 
old nervousness. On the contrary, a little understanding of the science of first impressions can help anyone improve 
the ways they affect the brains of people they meet, and better understand others as well. 
Close behind in speed, at 100 milliseconds, comes a consistent estimation of trustworthiness. Once again, 
this makes sense: you might not kill me outright, but I should still figure out if you’re trying to take advantage of 
me before I interact with you. (This rapid processing also involves, for example, how your brain decides whether to 
make direct eye contact with that person staring at you on the subway.) Improving our accuracy of impression of 
others’ competence takes us longer because we need more time to be confident in our judgments; quite commonly, 
our rapid initial judgments may be inconsistent with what we later decide. 
You might be thinking that judgments made this quickly are open to a lot of errors. The potential cost of 
incorrectly seeing someone as a threat is low, but the price of mistaking them as not a threat could be enormous. So, 
it’s no surprise that first impressions tend to be inaccurate. Researchers in 2010 asked participants in an experiment 
to view photos of strangers, and based on initial impressions, to judge aspects of their personality. The researchers 
found that their subjects claimed confidence in their judgments 70 to 80 percent of the time, but their actual 
accuracy was either modest or statistically nonexistent. 
People may arrive at incorrect judgments about you for many different reasons. For example, if you’re 
nervous when first meeting, your facial expression and behavior might not fairly represent your true character, 
purpose, and competence. 
32.It can be inferred that the initial estimation of trustworthiness is ______ .
A．usually from active interaction
B．faster than other information
C．after judgements about competence
D．almost as fast as other judgements
33.Why are first impressions often inaccurate?
A．People rely too much on statistical data. 
B．Emotion plays a vital role in impression. 
C．People lack patience to make judgments. 
D．The time to make judgements is too short. 
34.How is the text mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes and effects.
B．By giving opinions and evidence.
C．By comparing different examples.
D．By offering acceptable solutions.
35.What might the author continue talking about?
A．How to make you trustworthy.
B．How to leave a good impression.
C．How to control facial expressions.
D．How to remove an observer’s alarm.
【答案】32.D    33.D    34.B    35.B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了第一印象的形成过程及其准确性。
32.推理判断题。根据第三段“Close behind in speed, at 100 milliseconds, comes a consistent estimation of 
trustworthiness.(紧随其后的是对可信度的一致估计，仅需100 毫秒）以及根据 “quite commonly, our rapid 
initial judgments may be inconsistent with what we later decide.(很常见的是，我们最初的快速判断可能与我们
后来的决定不一致)”可知，对可信度的初步估计几乎与其他判断一样快。故选D。
33.推理判断题。根据第四段“You might be thinking that judgments made this quickly are open to a lot of errors. 
The potential cost of incorrectly seeing someone as a threat is low, but the price of mistaking them as not a threat 
could be enormous.(你可能会想，这么快做出的判断很容易出现很多错误。错误地将某人视为威胁的潜在成
本很低，但错误地将其视为威胁的代价可能是巨大的)”可知，第一印象不准确的原因是判断时间太短。故
选D 项。
34.推理判断题。根据第二段 “On the contrary, a little understanding of the science of first impressions can help 
anyone improve the ways they affect the brains of people they meet, and better understand others as well.( 相反，
对第一印象的科学有一点了解可以帮助任何人改善他们影响他们遇到的人的大脑的方式，也可以更好地了
解别人)”，以及随后通过研究和实验数据支持这一观点。可知，短文是通过提供观点和证据展开的。故选
B。
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“People may arrive at incorrect judgments about you for many different reasons. 
For example, if you' re nervous when first meeting, your facial expression and behavior might not fairly represent 
your true character, purpose, and competence.(人们可能会因为许多不同的原因对你做出错误的判断。例如，
如果你在初次见面时紧张，你的面部表情和行为可能无法公平地代表你的真实性格、目的和能力)”可知，
作者接下来可能会讨论如何给人留下好印象。故选B。
 （十八）
（2025·河南信阳高级中学·二模）
D
In the animal kingdom, mimics (模仿) are not rare. Stick insects pretend to be twigs. Hawk moth caterpillars 
resemble poisonous snakes. The examples, though, are visual. Auditory mimicry is rarer. Danilo Russo of the 
University of Naples Federico II thinks he has found a novel case of it, as he describes in Current Biology. Some 
bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that might otherwise eat them. 
Dr. Russo first noticed bat buzzing a few years ago. The noise struck him as similar to the sound of some 
bees. He wondered whether bat buzzing was a form of mimicry which helped to frighten away would-be predators. 
To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats made. Then, with 
protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by different bees. Computer 
analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar. 
Then the researchers recruited several owls. They put the owls, one at a time, in an enclosure with branches 
for them to stay on, and two boxes with holes in them. They placed a loudspeaker alongside one of the boxes, and 
after the birds had settled in, broadcast through it five seconds of uninterrupted bat buzzing and a similar amount of 
insect buzzing three times in a row for each noise. As a control, they broadcast in like manner several non-buzzing 
sounds made by bats. 
During the broadcasts and for five minutes thereafter, they videoed the owls. After analysis, the results were 
unequivocal. When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as far from the speakers 
as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer.
Dr. Russo believes this is the first reported case of a mammal using auditory mimicry to scare away a 
predator. They strongly suspect, however, that it is not unique. Anecdotes suggest several birds also make buzzing 
noises when their nests are disturbed. And with the result of the experiment, he therefore predicts that auditory 
mimicry is far more widespread than currently realized. 
32.What was Dr. Russo’s hypothesis of the study?
A．Bats imitate the voice of angry bees to frighten away enemies. 
B．The buzzing of bats is similar to the sound of some bees. 
C．Auditory mimicry is rather common in the animal kingdom. 
D．Only some bats have the capacity of auditory mimicry. 
33.How did Dr. Russo test his idea?
A．By consulting experts in this field. 
B．By referring to other scholars’ analysis. 
C．By collecting computer data. 
D．By conducting series of scientific experiments. 
34.What does the underlined word “unequivocal” in paragraph 5 possibly mean?
A．Disappointing. B．Controversial.
C．Definite.
D．Uncertain.
35.What is the main idea of the text?
A．Bats get a new trick to scare away owls. 
B．Bats mimic buzzing to frighten away predators. 
C．Bats are no longer victim to owls. 
D．Bats’ auditory mimicry behavior is widespread among animals. 
【答案】32.A    33.D    34.C    35.B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了Dr. Russo 认为蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂的声音来吓跑敌人，为了验
证他的想法，进行了一系列的实验。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare away owls that 
might otherwise eat them. (他认为，有些蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂是为了吓跑可能会吃掉它们的猫头鹰。)”可
知，Dr. Russo 对这项研究的假设是蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂是为了吓跑敌人。故选A 项。
33.推理判断题。根据第三段“To test this idea, he and his colleagues first recorded the buzzing that captured bats 
made. Then, with protective clothing, they began the more dangerous task of recording the buzzing made by 
different bees. Computer analysis revealed that bees’ and bats’ buzzing were, indeed, similar.( 为了验证这个想
法，他和他的同事们首先记录了捕捉到的蝙蝠发出的嗡嗡声。然后，他们穿上防护服，开始了更危险的任
务——记录不同蜜蜂发出的嗡嗡声。计算机分析显示，蜜蜂和蝙蝠的嗡嗡声确实相似。)”可知，Dr. Russo
通过进行一系列的科学实验来验证他的想法。故选D 项。
34.词句猜测题。划线词句后文“When they heard both the bat buzzing and the bee buzzing, the owls moved as 
far from the speakers as they could. In contrast, when the non-buzzing bat sounds were played, they crept closer.(当
他们听到蝙蝠和蜜蜂的嗡嗡声时，猫头鹰们尽可能地远离扬声器。相比之下，当没有嗡嗡声的蝙蝠叫声响
起时，它们会悄悄靠近。)”说明，研究结果十分清楚明确。从而推知划线词句“(经过分析，结果是
unequivocal.)”其中划线短语应为“明确的”的意思。故选C 项。
35.主旨大意题。根据第一段中“Danilo Russo of the University of Naples Federico II thinks he has found a 
novel case of it, as he describes in Current Biology. Some bats, he believes, mimic angry bees in order to scare 
away owls that might otherwise eat them.(那不勒斯费德里科二世大学的Danilo Russo 认为他发现了一个新的
例子，他在《当代生物学》中描述了这一点。他认为，有些蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂是为了吓跑可能会吃掉它
们的猫头鹰。)”可知，全文描述了Danilo Russo 认为蝙蝠模仿愤怒的蜜蜂是为了吓跑敌人，为了验证他的
想法，进行了一系列的实验。B 项“蝙蝠模仿嗡嗡声来吓跑捕食者。”符合题意，能概括文章主旨。故选
B 项。
 （十九）
（2025·河南郑州·二模）
D
Just as damaged teeth can be replaced with gold crowns (齿冠), scientists are exploring how gold can be 
used to repair damaged parts of the brain. 
Scientists at Linkoping University in Sweden said that a “brain of gold” might just be what we need to fight 
nervous system diseases. The plan is to put gold electrodes (电极) into the affected part of the brain. They will act 
as “telephone operators” between nerve cells and electronic medical devices, enabling communication so that the 
nervous system can function normally. 
Treatment plans that involve connecting medical devices to the brain already exist. However, the electrodes 
used are usually made of hard metals, while the brain is like a jelly that “shakes” at the body’s slightest movement. 
“As the body is constantly in motion, achieving close contact between something that is hard and something 
that is soft and breakable becomes a problem,” explained Klas Tybrandt, one of the scientists. 
This is why the Swedish scientists are using a new material called “gold nanowires” ( 金纳米线). As the 
name suggests, these are long, extremely thin gold threads — 1,000 times thinner than human hair. By putting them 
into rubber, the scientists have successfully created electrodes that are soft enough to connect comfortably with the 
human brain. 
Gold can be made into structures as small as nanowires. According to Live Science, gold can be stretched, 
pressed or even rolled into all kinds of shapes without breaking. What’s more, gold doesn’t react with other 
chemicals in the human brain, making it a safe choice. Once placed in the brain, gold nanowires can last for at least 
three years, which is longer than many materials currently in use.
32.What role will gold electrodes play in treating nervous system diseases?
A．Replacing damaged nerve cells.
B．Serving as a communication link.
C．Activating different brain regions.
D．Protecting the brain’s unaffected parts.
33.What can we learn about gold nanowires?
A．They are harder than rubber.
B．They are as thin as human hair.
C．They can be placed into the brain.
D．They are in the final stage of development.
34.Why is gold a safe choice for use in the brain?
A．It can be stretched by the brain.
B．It can be made into various shapes.
C．It is being used to create soft electrodes. D．It has no negative impact on the brain’s functions.
35.What is the main idea of the passage?
A．The unique properties of gold nanowires. 
B．The history of gold use in the medical field. 
C．The current applications of gold in the brain. 
D．The potential use of gold in nervous system treatment. 
【答案】32.B    33.C    34.D    35.D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是瑞典Linkoping 大学的科学家们正在探索如何使用黄金来修复大
脑受损部分，以对抗神经系统疾病。
32.细节理解题。根据第二段“The plan is to put gold electrodes (电极) into the affected part of the brain. They 
will act as “telephone operators” between nerve cells and electronic medical devices, enabling communication so 
that the nervous system can function normally.(该计划是将金电极放入大脑受影响的部分。它们将充当神经细
胞和电子医疗设备之间的‘电话接线员’，使神经系统能够正常运作。)”可知，金电极在治疗神经系统疾
病方面的作用是作为通信连接。故选B。
33.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This is why the Swedish scientists are using a new material called “gold 
nanowires” (金纳米线). As the name suggests, these are long, extremely thin gold threads — 1,000 times thinner 
than human hair. By putting them into rubber, the scientists have successfully created electrodes that are soft 
enough to connect comfortably with the human brain.(这就是为什么瑞典科学家使用一种名为“金纳米线”的
新材料。顾名思义，这些都是又长又细的金线，比人的头发细1000 倍。通过将它们放入橡胶中，科学家们
成功地制造出了足够柔软的电极，可以舒适地与人类大脑连接。)”以及最后一段“Once placed in the brain, 
gold nanowires can last for at least three years, which is longer than many materials currently in use.(一旦植入大
脑，金纳米线可以持续使用至少三年，这比目前使用的许多材料都要长。)”可知，金纳米线比人的头发细
1000 倍、可以被植入大脑。故选C。
34.推理判断题。根据最后一段“What’s more, gold doesn’t react with other chemicals in the human brain, 
making it a safe choice.(更重要的是，黄金不会与人脑中的其他化学物质发生反应，因此它是一个安全的选
择。)”可知，大脑中使用黄金是安全的选择是因为它对大脑功能没有负面影响。故选D。
35.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Just as damaged teeth can be replaced with gold crowns (齿冠), 
scientists are exploring how gold can be used to repair damaged parts of the brain.(就像损坏的牙齿可以用金冠代
替一样，科学家们正在探索如何用黄金来修复大脑受损的部分。)”可知，本文主要讲的是瑞典Linkoping 
University 的科学家们正在探索如何使用黄金来修复大脑受损部分，以对抗神经系统疾病，因此D 选项
“The potential use of gold in nervous system treatment.(黄金在神经系统治疗中的潜在应用。)”能够概括文章
主旨。故选D。
 （二十）
（2025·河南郑州市中原区郑州中学·二模）
D
A Northwestern University-led team of researchers has developed a new fuel cell that harvests energy from 
microbes (微生物) living in dirt. About the size of a standard paperback book, the soil-powered technology could 
fuel underground sensors used in modern agriculture and green infrastructure. This could potentially offer a 
sustainable, renewable alternative to batteries that release harmful chemicals into the ground. 
To test the new fuel cell, the researchers used it to power sensors measuring soil condition and detecting 
touch, a capability that could be valuable for tracking passing animals. To enable wireless communications, the 
researchers also equipped the soil-powered sensor with a tiny antenna to transmit (传输) data to a neighboring base 
station by reflecting existing radio frequency signals. Not only did the fuel cell work in both wet and dry 
conditions, but its power also outlasted similar technologies by 120%. 
The research was published on Jan. 12 in the Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and 
Ubiquitous Technologies.
“The number of electronic devices used in modern agriculture as a way to improve crop productions is 
constantly growing,” said Northwestern’s Bill Yen, who led the work. “If we imagine a future with numerous 
devices like these, we cannot build every one of them out of lithium (锂) and heavy metals that are dangerous to the 
environment. We need to find alternatives that can provide low amounts of energy to power a widespread network 
of devices.” 
In a search for solutions, the researchers turned to soil microbial fuel cells(MFC), which use special 
microbes to break down soil and generate a low amount of energy to power sensors. As long as there is organic 
carbon in the soil for the microbes to break down, the fuel cell can potentially last forever. 
“These microbes are common; they already live in soil everywhere,” said Northwestern’s George Wells, a 
senior author of the study. “We can use very simple engineered systems to collect their electricity. We’re not going 
to power entire cities with this energy, but we can collect tiny amounts of energy to fuel practical, low-power 
applications.” 
The researchers plan to develop a soil-based MFC made from fully biodegradable (生物可降解的) materials 
as their next step. 
32.What can we know from the new fuel cell?
A．It was not limited by soil conditions. 
B．The power it produced increased by 20%. 
C．It was made from fully biodegradable materials. 
D．It will completely replace conventional batteries soon. 
33.What can we infer from Bill Yen’s words in paragraph 4?
A．Electronic devices are widely used in industries. 
B．It is essential for our environment to develop the new fuel cell. 
C．Lithium and heavy metals are dangerous to the environment. 
D．Current electronic devices can’t provide large amounts of energy. 
34.What is George Wells’ attitude toward the fuel cell?
A．Doubtful.
B．Dismissive.
C．Pessimistic.
D．Approving.
35.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Conventional Batteries Are Giving Way to New Fuel Cell. 
B．Microbes Can Break Down Soil and Generate Energy. 
C．New Fuel Cell Harvests Energy from Microbes in Soil. 
D．New Fuel Cell Fuels Underground Sensors in Agriculture. 
【答案】32.A    33.B    34.D    35.C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了由西北大学领导的研究团队开发的一种新型燃料电池，该电
池能够从土壤中的微生物中获取能量，用于为现代农业和绿色基础设施中的地下传感器提供动力。
32.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Not only did the fuel cell work in both wet and dry conditions, but its power 
also outlasted similar technologies by 120%.(这种燃料电池不仅在潮湿和干燥的环境中都能正常工作，而且其
续航能力比同类技术高出120%。)”可知，这种燃料电池在潮湿和干燥的环境中都能正常工作，也就意味着
它不受土壤条件的限制。故选A。
33.推理判断题。根据文章第四段““The number of electronic devices used in modern agriculture as a way to 
improve crop productions is constantly growing,” said Northwestern’s Bill Yen, who led the work. “If we imagine a 
future with numerous devices like these, we cannot build every one of them out of lithium(锂)and heavy metals that 
are dangerous to the environment. We need to find alternatives that can provide low amounts of energy to power a 
widespread network of devices.”(该研究的负责人、西北大学的Bill Yen 表示：“现代农业中用于提高作物产
量的电子设备数量在不断增加。如果我们设想未来有大量这样的设备，我们不可能都用锂和对环境有害的
重金属来制造它们。我们需要找到能为广泛分布的设备网络提供少量电力的替代方案。”)”可知，从Bill 
Yen 提到不能用对环境有害的锂和重金属制造电子设备，且需要寻找替代方案，可以推断出开发这种新型
燃料电池对环境来说是很有必要的。故选B。
34.推理判断题。根据文章第六段““These microbes are common; they already live in soil everywhere,” said 
Northwestern’s George Wells, a senior author of the study. “We can use very simple engineered systems to collect 
their electricity. We’re not going to power entire cities with this energy, but we can collect tiny amounts of energy 
to fuel practical, low-power applications.”(该研究的资深作者、西北大学的George Wells 说：“这些微生物很
常见，它们本就存在于各地的土壤中。我们可以用非常简单的工程系统来收集它们产生的电能。我们无法
用这种能源为整个城市供电，但可以收集少量能量为实用的低功率应用设备供电。”)”可知，George Wells
肯定了利用土壤中微生物发电的方式以及这种燃料电池在低功率应用方面的实用性，表明他对这种燃料电
池持赞成态度。故选D。
35.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“A Northwestern University-led team of researchers has developed a new fuel 
cell that harvests energy from microbes(微生物)living in dirt. About the size of a standard paperback book, the 
soil-powered technology could fuel underground sensors used in modern agriculture and green infrastructure. This 
could potentially offer a sustainable, renewable alternative to batteries that release harmful chemicals into the 
ground.(由美国西北大学牵头的一个研究团队研发出一种新型燃料电池，它能从土壤中的微生物获取能
量。这种以土壤为动力的技术设备大小与一本标准平装书相当，可为现代农业和绿色基础设施中使用的地
下传感器供电。这有可能为那些会向土壤中释放有害化学物质的电池提供一种可持续、可再生的替代方
案。)”以及全文内容可知，文章围绕这种新型燃料电池的功能、测试情况、研发背景等方面进行了介绍。
选项C“New Fuel Cell Harvests Energy from Microbes in Soil”准确概括了文章的主要内容，即，新型燃料电
池从土壤中的微生物获取能量。故选C。