专题07 语法填空体裁微解:说明文
I综合专练
Passage 1 (2025 全国I 卷)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or
weiqi in Chinese, ____56____ originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
Go is one of ____57____ earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the
black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who
is in charge of the exhibition.
“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says
Tu. “We hope ____58____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and
initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your
trap and force them to follow your ‘____59____ (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go
player among the visitors to the exhibition.
“The players’ personalities ____60____ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are
exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____61____ (try) to beat the
opponent ____62____ no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other
side. ”
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ____63____
(strategy) placement of the pieces, ____64____ the energy flow following each move inspired
artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, ____65____ (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen
prints for the exhibition.
【参考答案】56 which 57. the 58. to present 59. guidance 60. are revealed 61. tries
62. by
63. strategic##strategical 64. and 65. digitally
【文本分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为
灵感的艺术展览。
【答案详解】
56. 考查定语从句。句意:上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览,展出的艺术品灵感来自围
棋(中文称为“围棋”),它起源4000 多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先
行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese,指物,且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,所以用关系代
词which 引导。故填which。
57.考查冠词。句意:围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词
the。故填the。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意:我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工
智能,并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope,此处为非谓语
动词,hope to do sth.“希望做某事”,所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式,作宾语。
故填to present。
59.考查名词。句意:你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱,迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他
们输掉。此处作follow 的宾语,用名词guidance“引导”,不可数名词。故填guidance。
60.考查动词语态。句意:她补充说:“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来,一个人的弱点会
暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The players’ personalities 与
动词reveal“揭示,显示”为被动关系,所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态,主语为复
数,be 动词用are。故填are revealed。
61.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对
手,以表示对对方的尊重。根据always 可知,本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,主语
a decent winner 为第三人称单数,所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
62.考查介词。句意同上。“by+具体数值”表示“以(某一差值)”,此处指“以一到两
分的优势”,符合语境。故填by。
63.考查形容词。句意:屠宁宁说,黑白棋子之间的平衡,棋子在策略布局上的美感,以
及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动,都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片
和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement,需用形容词strategic 或者strategical“战略性的,策略
的”,作定语。故填strategic/strategical。
64.64. 考查连词。句意同上。the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in
the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move 三者为并列关系,作并
列主语,所以空处需用连词and。故填and。
65.考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated,需用副词digitally“数字地”,作状
语。故填digitally。
Passage 2 (2024 全国I 卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding
Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how
the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____
(function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass
and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine
and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays ____59____ (close) to protect the plants.
Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a
journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to
Britain for ____61____ first time. These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite)
such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors
through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to
see, too.
The Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the
plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk
Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of
the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England.
【参考答案】56. engineering 57. functional 58. to give 59. closed 60. walks 61. the
62. favorites 63. as 64. which##that 65. richness
【文本分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick 工作室最近公布的一个新
项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室,并详细描述了该温室的设
计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。
【答案详解】
56.考查名词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句
意可知,空处考查短语engineering techniques,意为“工程技术”,符合句意。故填
engineering。
57.考查形容词。句意:最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处
修饰名词structure,应用形容词作定语functional,符合题意。故填functional。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意:这些萼片在温暖日子里开放,为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空
气。此处作目的状语,应用动词不定式。故填to give。
59.考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。
空处用于stays 之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。
60.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:此外,围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古
丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through,意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动
词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden 为单数,谓语动词应
用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
61.考查冠词。句意:亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多
植物。固定搭配:for the first time,意为“第一次”,符合句意。故填the。
62.考查名词的数。句意:这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。
favorite 是可数名词,意为“特别受喜爱的东西”,根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and
fennel 可知,空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。
63.考查介词。句意:这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作,位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头,
将中国西南的植物容纳其中,将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰,定义了英格兰园
艺的丰富性。根据句意可知,空处指的是“作为”,应用介词as。故填as。
64.考查定语从句。句意:Glasshouse 是当代设计中的一项伟大成就,它将中国西南部的
植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头,丝绸之路将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到这里,定义了英国丰
富的园艺。空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the Silk Route,先行词指物,关系词在定
语从句中作主语,用关系代词which 或that 引导从句。故填which/that。
65.考查名词。句意:这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作,位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头,
将中国西南的植物容纳其中,将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰,定义了英格兰园
艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词,应用名词形式richness,作介词of 的宾语。故填richness。
Passage 3 (2024 全国II 卷)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ___56___ is known as “the
Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s
hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never
have met, there are common ___57___ (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of
research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about
___58___ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion
(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways ___59___ Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden
in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion,
___61___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international ___62___ (visible), said
Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed
___63___ (find)the connection between the two great writers.
___64___ (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in
Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The
Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language ____65____
see how Tang’s play was being performed.”
【参考答案】56. who 57. themes 58. were 59. to 60. inspired 61. was built
62. visibility 63. to find 64. Recalling 65. and
【文本分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家
莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点,并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特
拉特福德,且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。
【答案详解】
56.考查定语从句。句意:为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖,中国文化元素为
莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系
词,先行词为“Tang Xianzu”,在非限制性定语从句中担当主语,表示人,用关系代词who
引导。故填who。
57.考查名词的数。句意:莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson 说,尽管
他们从未见过面,但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型,为倒装句,根
据谓语动词“are”可判断,本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。
58.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰
巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语
动词,根据句意以及定语从句时态可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“some of the
things”,复数。故填were。
59.考查固定短语。句意:“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道
汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语:be similar
to,意为“和……相似”,符合句意。故填to。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎
士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰
词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填
inspired。
61.考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎
士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状
语“Two years later”可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单
数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was built。
62.考查名词。句意:Edmondson 说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度,
并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词
international 后接名词形式,visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意:Edmondson 说,这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知
名度,并补充说,游客们穿过故居花园时,常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语
动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语,用动词不定式形式。故填to find。
64.考查非谓语动词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国
版,并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson 说:“听
到中文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语,主语
“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式担当状语;出现在句首,首
字母大写。故填Recalling。
65.考查连词。句意:回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版,并
遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时,Edmondson 说:“听到中
文,看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的,非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”
和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构,用and 连接。故填and。
Passage 4 (2024 全国甲卷)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend
____41____ (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are ____42____
(treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool,
starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in
____43____ is now northwestern Wyoming. They ____44____(be) part of a 15-member exploring
party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should ____45____(do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area,
with ____46____ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved ____47____
all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote
the idea at the ____48____ (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two
years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in
the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the ____49____ (large) United States national
park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, _____50_____ became a
national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【参考答案】41. to catch 42. treasures 43. what 44. were 45. be done 46. its 47.
for 48. completion 49. largest 50. which
【文本分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来,即四个男人发现了一处
非常美的自然风景区,决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏,并为此做出了许多努力。
【答案详解】
41.考查非谓语动词。句意:尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园,但国家公园尤其吸引
我们的注意,因为它们体积大,种类繁多。固定搭配:tend to do sth.,表示“倾向于做某
事”,不定式作宾语,故填to catch。
42.考查名词。句意:它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure 表示“宝藏”,为可数名词,结合
前文they are,应用复数形式,故填treasures。
43.考查宾语从句。句意:1870 年9 月中旬,在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚,四个男人在
火洞河边的营火前放松,这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in 的宾语,is 前缺主
语,指物,主语用what 引导宾语从句,作介词in 的宾语,故填what。
44.考查时态。句意:他们是一个由15 人组成的探险队的一部分,他们花了近五个星期的
时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They 指代上文提及的四个男人,时间为1870 年,同时
联系后文had spent 的过去完成时可知,本空时态为过去式且为复数形式,故填were。
45.考查被动语态。句意:对于这样一个美丽的地方,我们应该做些什么呢?主语what 指
物,与谓语动词do 是被动关系,情态动词should 后接be done 构成被动语态,故填be done。
46.考查代词。句意:这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景,必须作为国家公园保
护好,为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty 用形容词性物主代词its,故填its。
47.考查介词。句意同上。介词for 表目的,表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填
for。
48.考查名词。句意:他们都同意了,并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名
词,本空应填名词作宾语,complete 名词形式为completion,不可数,故填completion。
49.考查形容词最高级。句意:黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园,占地220 万英亩,直到
1978 年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980 年以1230 万英亩的面
积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the,为形容词最高级标志词,结合下文“1978 年
成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980 年以1230 万英亩的面积获得
国家公园的荣誉”可知,用large 的最高级largest 作定语,故填largest。
50.考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句,先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias,
从句中作主语,指物,引导非限制性定语从句用which,故填which。
Passage 5(2023 新高考Ⅰ卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers,
encasing hot, 56 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese
street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide
whether
57
(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出),
58
to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.
Shanghai may be the
59
(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will
actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace. There
you will find them prepared differently- more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed
60
hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing
them
61
(lift) out of the steamer basket without allowing them tearing or spilling any of
62
(they) contents. The meat should be fresh with
63
touch of sweetness and the
soup hot, clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them, one steamer is
64
(rare) enough, yet two seems greedy,
so I am always left
65
(want) more next time.
【参考答案】56.tasty 57.to bite 58.or 59.recognized 60.by 61.
to be lifted 62.their 63.a 64.rarely 65.wanting
【文本分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包,讲述了小笼包美
味,发源地以及制作方法等等。
【答案详解】
56.考查形容词。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜
甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用
tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤
汁,还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,用
不定式作宾语,空处与后面to put 并列作宾语,故填to bite。
58.考查连词。句意:吃小笼包的时候,你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁,还是
把整个小笼包放进嘴里,让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”,固定搭
配,根据句意,故填or。
59.考查非谓语动词。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉
你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home 前面作定语,recognize 与
home 是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized 作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看
作是形容词作定语。故填recognized。
60.考查介词。句意:在那里,你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包,更少的
汤,包子皮是用手压的,而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配,根据句意,故填
by。
61.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的,可以让它们从蒸
笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某
事”可知,空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语lift out 与宾语them(指代小笼包)是
逻辑上的动宾关系,空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted。故填to be lifted。
62.考查代词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼
篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物
主代词their。故填their。
63.考查冠词。句意:肉应该是新鲜的,有一点甜味,汤应该是热的,清澈的,美味
的。a touch of “一点点;稍许”,常用搭配,touch“轻微;稍许”常用作单数。故填a。
64.考查副词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所
以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语,rarely“少有”,故填rarely。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心
了,所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被
动语态,want 是主语补足语,根据句意,I 与want 之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词
wanting。故填wanting。
Passage 6(2023 全国乙卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern. From Buddhist temples to museums,
narrow hutong 4 1
royal palaces, it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history
even down to its layout, with the city keeping its carefully
4 2
(build) system of ring
roads.
But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place
4 3
welcomes the fast-paced
development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural
4 4
(wonder) standing side by
side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,
4 5
somehow these two very
different worlds make a good combination. 4 6
(visit) several times over the last 10 years,
I
4 7
(amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a
rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. As a photographer, I have spent the last two years
4 8
(record) everything I discovered.
The
4 9
(remark) development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect
the past while stepping into the modern world,
5 0
(mean) there is always something
new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【参考答案】41.to 42.built 43.which/that 44.wonders 45.but
46.Having visited 47.was amazed 48.recording 49.remarkable 40.means
【文本分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京这座城市的古老建筑和现代化发展之
间的独特结合,同时探讨了城市如何在不断发展的同时保护其丰富的遗产。作者作为一名摄
影师,记录了这座城市的变化,并表示将来还会继续拍摄北京的风貌。
【答案详解】
41.考查介词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,从狭窄的胡同到皇家宫殿,它拥有3000 多
年的辉煌历史,甚至从它的布局来看,这座城市一直保持着精心建造的环城道路系统。根据
上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,空处和上文保持一致,表示“从……
到……”,用介词to。故填to。
42.考查非谓语动词。句意:从佛教寺庙到博物馆,狭窄的胡同和皇家宫殿,它是3000
多年辉煌历史的家园,即使是在它的布局上,这座城市也保持着精心建造的环城公路系统。
这里为非谓语动词担当定语,表示“精心建造的……”,和被修饰词“system of ring roads”之
间为被动关系,用过去分词。故填built。
43.考查定语从句。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展
的地方,21 世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。这里为定语从句的关系代词,先行词为
“a place”,在定语从句中担当主语,所以用关系代词which 或that 引导。故填which/that。
44.考查名词。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地
方,21 世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词形式;根据
下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知,空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。
45.考查连词。句意:但不知何故,这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空
前“It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very
different worlds make a good combination.”之间存在转折关系,用but。故填but。
46.考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10 年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧
共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词
担当状语,和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系;根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知,用
完成时态,由此推断,空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Having
visited。
47.考查时态和语态。句意:在过去的10 年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧
共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动
词,根据下文“how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”
可知,本句用一般过去时;主语I 和动词amaze 之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was
amazed。
48.考查非谓语动词。句意:作为一名摄影师,我花了两年时间记录我发现的一切。
spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事。这里为非谓语动词担当宾语,用动名词形式。故填
recording。
49.考查形容词。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代
世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50 年里一直拍摄北京。分
析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”。故填remarkable。
50.考查时态。句意:这座城市的显著发展,在有意识地保护过去的同时步入现代世
界,意味着这里总是有新的东西等待发现,我可以在接下来的50 年里一直拍摄北京。这里为
本句谓语动词,根据上下文可知,本句时态为一般现在时;主语为“development”,单数,
所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
Passage 7(2023 全国甲卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言)
4 1
(teach) a lesson or to pass on
wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s
fables date to the
4 2
(six) century, B.C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today,
4 3
Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable. In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are
seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America,
4 4
all life
seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins,
4 5
(borrow)
some familiar words from many age-old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious
message
4 6
(intend) for everyone.
4 7
(difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of
a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must
take responsibility
4 8
saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However,
Carson’s theme is a more weighty
4 9
(warn) about environmental destruction. Carson
proves that a simple literal form that has been passed down through the ages can still
5 0
(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【参考答案】41.to teach 42.sixth 43.as 44.where 45.borrowing
46.intended 47.Different 48.for 49.warning 50.be employed
【文本分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
【答案详解】
41.考查非谓语动词。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据
句意可知,此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”,所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
42.考查数词。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以
追溯到公元前6 世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
43.考查定语从句。句意:然而,正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说,寓言的形式
在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句,且有“正如”之意,用关系代词as 引导。故
填as。
44.考查定语从句。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似
乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言
中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town,在非限定性定语从句作地点状语,所以用关系副词
where 引导。故填where。
45.考查非谓语动词。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命
似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓
言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable 与
borrow 之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
46.考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,在简洁的风格背后,是每个人都想要传达的重要信
息。be intended for 打算为……所用,在句中作定语,所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
47.考查形容词。句意:与传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be
different from 与……不同,所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
48.考查介词。句意:她警告社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的
责任。take responsibility for 对……负责。故填for。
49.考查名词。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty 后
接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a 可知,用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
50.考查语态。句意:卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式,已经代代相传,今天仍然可以
用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form 与employ 之间为被动关系,所
以用被动语态。情态动词can 后接动词原形。故填be employed。
Passage 8(2023 浙1 月江卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____56____
arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, ____57____
(original)meaning “water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____58____ (surround)in
concentric(同心的)circles by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes
____59____ (permit)to live closer to the center of the circles. The large siheyuan of these
high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____60____ (feature)beautifully carved
and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by
____61____ (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners
and laborers. Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____62____ (simple)in design and
decoration, and the hutongs were narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to
Beijing’s long history ____63____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories,
and some are even associated with historic ____64____ (event). In contrast to the court life
and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the Summer Palace, and the
Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____65_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
【参考答案】56. and 57. originally 58. surrounded 59. were permitted 60.
featured 61. spacious 62 simpler 63. as 64. events 65. the
【文本分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京的胡同的由来、规模及历史意义。
【答案详解】
56.考查连词。句意:在中国的朝代时期,皇帝规划北京城并根据社会阶层安排居住区。
分析句子结构可知,planned 和arranged 是并列的谓语动词,表示并列关系应用连词and 连
接。故填and。
57.考查副词。句意:胡同起初在蒙古语当中是“水井”的意思,首次出现在元朝。空格
处修饰动词meaning 需要填副词形式。故填originally。
58.考查非谓语动词。句意:在明朝,紫禁城是中心,它被由内层和外层构成的同心圆包
围。分析句子结构,was 是谓语动词,空格处需要填非谓语动词作后置定语,主语the
Forbidden City 和surround 之间是动宾关系,需填过去分词形式。故填surrounded。
59.考查动词的被动语态。句意:高等阶层的公民被允许住在离中心地带更近的地方。分
析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作谓语,和主语Citizens of higher social classes 构成被动关
系,因为是对过去事实的陈述应用一般过去时。故填were permitted。
60.考查动词时态。句意:这些高级官员和有钱商人的高大的四合院,通常以雕刻精美和
被粉刷的房顶横梁和柱子为特点。分析句子结构可知,空格处需要填谓语动词,再结合上下
文时态可知,空格处应用一般过去时。故填featured。
61.考查形容词。句意:他们建立的胡同井然有序。宽大的房屋和有墙的花园成行排列。
空格处需要填形容词作定语修饰空格后的名词homes。故填spacious。
62.考查形容词比较级。句意:他们的四合院规模要小很多,并且在设计和装饰上更加简
单,并且胡同也更窄。根据句子结构和and 可知,空格处需要填形容词比较级和前面的
smaller 构成并列结构作表语。故填simpler。
63.考查介词。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自己的
故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据句意可知,空格处译为“作为”,as 是介词意为
“作为”,符合句意。故填as。
64.考查名词的数。句意:感谢北京作为中国首都的悠久的历史,同时每一条胡同都有自
己的故事,甚至有一些还跟历史事件有关。根据空格前的形容词historic 可知,空格处需要填
名词,且event 为可数名词,应用复数形式。故填events。
65.考查冠词。句意:与紫禁城颐和园和天坛所代表的宫廷生活和上流社会文化相比,胡
同所反映出的是草根北京人的文化。根据名词culture 后面的介词短语of grassroots Beijingers
可知,此处culture 表示特指概念,应用定冠词the 修饰。故填the。
Passage 9(2022 新高考I 卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP).
___56___ (cover)an area about three times ___57___ size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP
will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant
number of areas that ___58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected
areas for giant pandas under one authority ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce
inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP
___60___ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整
性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones,
___61___ leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”. The GPNP’s main
goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___ (population)and homes of giant pandas,
and ___63___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve ___64___ an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of
plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to
provide stronger protection for all the species ____65____ live within the Giant Panda Range and
significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【参考答案】56.Covering 57. the 58. were 59. to increase 60. is designed
61. and 62. populations 63. eventually 64. as 65. that
【文本分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国政府决定建立的大熊猫国家公园
(GPNP)的计划。
【答案详解】
56.考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批
国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语,cover 和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP 为逻辑的主动关
系,应用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。
57.考查冠词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公
园之一。本句的结构为:倍数+ the size of +比较成份。故填the。
58.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,
将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空
处在that 引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为a significant number of areas,先行词在
从句中作主语,根据“previously (之前地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时,根据主谓一致,
从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
59.考查非谓语动词。句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区,将许
多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在
句中作非谓语,做目的状语,应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
60.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意:GPNP 旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完
整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。
设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语The GPNP 之间为被动关系;叙述客观事实,应用一般
现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。故填is
designed。
61.考查连词。句意:GPNP 旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,保护生物
多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处前后为并
列关系,应用and。故填and。
62.考查名词。句意:GPNP 的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终
达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and 后的复数名词homes 并列在句中作宾语,应
用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。
63.考查副词。句意:GPNP 的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,最终
达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve,设空处应用副词eventually 作状
语,修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
64.考查介词。句意:大熊猫还扮演着保护伞的角色,为中国西南和西北地区的许多动植
物带来保护。固定短语:serve as (充当)。故填as。
65.考查定语从句关系词。句意:该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range 的所有物种提供
更有力的保护,并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句,
先行词等于关系词,设空处在从句中作指物的主语,先行词为species,且先行词前为all 修
饰,只能用关系代词that。故填that。
Passage 10(2022 全国乙卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially ___61___
the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate ___62___ festival, a number of events
took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society ___63___ (address) the opening
ceremony. “As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___64___
(large) tea-producing country, China has a ___65___ (responsible)to work with other countries to
promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a
___66___ (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony
calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation
___67___ cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion —Tea Road Cooperative Plan — was also
issued in accordance with the initiative.
___68___ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public
promotional activities on social media, ___69___ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around
the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremon opening
_____70_____ (it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth — A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【参考答案】61. by 62. the 63. addressed 64. largest 65. responsibility
66. shared 67. and 68. To strengthen 69. inviting 70. its
【文本分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了为了庆祝第一个国际茶日,中国商会
博物馆所举办的一系列活动。
【答案详解】
61.考查介词。句意:2019 年11 月27 日,联合国正式将5 月21 日定为第一个国际茶日。
根据句意可知,此处表达“被联合国在5 月21 日命名”。表示被动,使用固定结构“be+过
去分词+by”。故填by。
62.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了庆祝这一节日,周四在北京的中国商人博物馆举行了一
系列活动。特指International Tea Day 这一节日,所以用定冠词the。故填the。
63.考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情,用一般过去
时。故填addressed。
64.考查形容词最高级。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推
动者,中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the 和常识可知,中
国是最大产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
65.考查名词。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,中
国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a 后接可数名词的单数形式。故
填responsibility。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来
修饰名词future。非谓语动词share 和名词future 之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。
故填shared。
67.考查连词。句意:仪式上发布的“首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团
结起来,促进国际合作和文化交流。名词international cooperation 和cultural exchanges 为并列
成分,作动词promote 的宾语。故填and。
68.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列
公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29 名茶叶专业人士进行36 小时不间断的直播。根据
句意可知,此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”,需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To
strengthen。
69 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列
公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的29 名茶叶专业人士进行36 小时不间断的直播。此处
为非谓语动词,逻辑主语the event 与invite 之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填
inviting。
70.考查代词。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:
大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。名词exhibition 前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
Passage 11(2022 浙江1 月卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词
的正确形式。
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but
growing minority of academics ___36___ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate
change. Travelling to conferences, lectures, workshops, and the like frequently by plane
____37____(view) as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. But
Cobb and others ____38____ (be) now questioning that idea pushing conferences to provide
more chances to participate remotely, and ____39____(change) their personal behavior to do
their part in dealing with the climate change crisis. On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for
example, _____40_____(rough) 200 academics - many of them climate scientists ____41____
(promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ___42___ she
could do so remotely; about three-quarters of ___43___ time, they agreed. When the answer, was
no, she, declined the ____44____ (invite). That approach brought Cobb's air travel last year
down by 75%, and she plans ______45______(continue) the practice. "It has been fairly
rewarding. ", she says, "a really positive change."
【参考答案】36. who/that 37. is viewed##has been viewed 38. are 39. changing
40. roughly 41. have promised 42. whether##if 43. the 44. invitation 45. to
continue
【文本分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个由学者团体发行的实践,目的是为了减
少学术飞行以应对气候变化危机。
【答案详解】
36.考查定语从句。句意:亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb 是一个少数但是
不断增加的少数学者中的一员,因为气候变化,他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词
academics 后为定语从句且在从句中作主语,应使用关系代词替代,故填that/who。
37.考查被动语态。句意:对科学家而言,旅行去参加会议、讲座、工作室之类的地方来
相聚并交流信息这件事被视为是重要的。描述人们普遍认知的事情用一般现在时,此处也可
以表示强调人们从过去到现在的认知,动名词作主语与主谓之间存在被动关系,故填is
viewed 或has been viewed。
38.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:但是现在Cobb 和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提
供更多远程参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个
人行为。根据句意可知,此处也应使用现在进行时,主语为复数,故填are。
39.考查时态。句意:但是现在Cobb 和其他人正在质疑那个想法,推动会议提供更多远程
参加的机会以及为了尽自己的能力来应对气候变化危机,他们正在改变他们的个人行为。分
析句子结构可知,此处and 连接并列的动词questioning 和change,故填changing。
40.考查副词。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以
来,大约有200 个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗
略地大约”,故填roughly。
41.考查时态。句意:例如,在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上,自从两年前成立以
来,大约有200 个学者,他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”
可知主句应使用现在完成时,故填have promised。
42.考查宾语从句。句意:对于她的出席,Cobb 开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远程进
行。显然ask 后面出现了一个宾语从句,宾语从句句意不完整,whether/if“是否”符合语境,
故填whether 或if。
43.考查冠词。句意:大约有四分之三的时间,他们同意了。此处特指Cobb 询问的时间范
围内,故填the。
44.考查名词。句意:当答案是否定的时候,她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词
decline 的宾语,故填invitation。
45.考查动词不定式。句意:他打算继续这个实践。动词plan 后面跟动词不定式,plan to
do sth“计划做”,故填to continue。
Passage 12(2021 新高考I 卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词
的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding
Road”. ____56____is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The
rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ____57____
(human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will
____58____(undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the
colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature
is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it
____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural
thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place
where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in
the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is
____65____ must to visit!
【参考答案】56. What 57. humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished
61. was 62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a
【文本分析】本文属于说明文。文章介绍黄山的三种代表性的事物——云海,温泉以及
台阶。
【答案详解】
56.考查主语从句。句意:这次经历的惊人之处在于这世界之外的景色。此处是主语从
句,从句缺乏主语,应用what 引导,指代“经历的事情”。故填What。
57.考查名词复数。句意:当你站在黄山山顶看见波涛汹涌般的云海,你会想到我们人类
是多么的渺小。human 是we 的同位语,we 为复数,应用human 的复数形式。故填humans。
58.考查副词。句意:它无疑会帮助你恢复精神!修饰动词help,应用副词undoubtedly“毫
无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。
59.考查形容词比较级。句意:关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是,气温越低,温泉越暖和。此
处是固定结构“the +比较级,the+比较级”,意为“越……,越……”。故填hotter。
60.考查形容词。句意:但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾
语补足语”,补充说明宾语us 的感受,应用-ed 结尾形容词。故填astonished。
61.考查一般过去时。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把这些石头都安置好有多
难。分析句子可知,“how hard it 61 (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into
place”作wonder 的宾语,it 是从句的形式主语,不定式为真正主语,谓语动词用单数形式,
安置台阶的石头为陈述过去的事情,应用一般过去时。故填was。
62.考查连词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整个
冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子可知,“highlights
the whole adventure”与“offers a place”部分为并列关系,都是作it 的谓语,故用并列连词
and。
63.考查形容词。句意:虽然在上山的路上,这是唯一不自然的事情,但它仍然突出了整
个冒险,并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知,此
处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs,意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。
64.考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永
远留在游客的记忆中。对我来说确实如此。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor's
memory”可知,本句为does 指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine 指
代my memory。故填mine。
65.考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是一个你一定要去的地方。must 作名词
时,意为“绝对必要的事物”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一个必须去的地方”,应用不定冠
词,must 是以辅音音素开头的词,应用a。故填a。
Passage 13(2021 全国乙卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is
different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___ (educate)about
the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides
money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s. It was not
widely accepted as a travel concept ___64___ the late 1980s. During that time, increasing
environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to ___65___ growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel, various
types ___66___ trips are now being classified as ecotourism. Actually, a true eco-friendly trip must
meet the following principles:
·Minimize the impact of ___67___(visit)the place.
·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
·Provide ___68___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
·Make sure that the tourism provides experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park, officially recognized in 1980, is popular for ecotourism because of its
unique biodiversity.___69___(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足)and
accommodations aim ____70____(have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【参考答案】61. educated 62. development 63. its 64. until 65. the 66. of
67. visiting 68. financial 69. activities 70. to have
【文本分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述生态旅游通常被认为是到原始地区的低影响旅
游。但是由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被归类为生态旅
游。实际上,生态旅游必须满足一些规定。
【答案详解】
61.考查形容词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论
是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。分析句子
成分可知,此处查固定搭配become educated about 表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。
62.考查名词。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是
地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前
的定冠词the 可知,此处填入名词development 来做动词benefits 的宾语。故填development。
63.考查代词。句意:生态旅游起源于20 世纪70 年代的环境运动。根据空格后名词origin
可知,此处形容词性物主代词来修饰名词origin。故填its。
64.考查固定句型。句意:直到20 世纪80 年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受。根据句
意可知,此处表示“直到20 世纪80 年代晚期才作为旅游观念被广泛接受”,表示“直
到……才……”使用固定句型“not……until……”。故填until。
65.考查冠词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被
归类为生态旅游。分析句子结构可知,空格处应填冠词。再结合空格后“growing popularity
of environmental-related and adventure travel”可知,此处特指与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受
欢迎,所以应填定冠词the。故填the。
66.考查介词。句意:由于与环境相关的探险旅行越来越受欢迎,各种各样的旅行现在被
归类为生态旅游。various types of 为固定搭配表示“各种各样的”,所以空格处应填of。故
填of。
67.考查动名词。句意:最大限度地减少拜访这个地方的影响。根据空格前介词of 可知,
空格处应填动名词形式来作介词of 的宾语。故填visiting。
68.考查形容词。句意:为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid 可知,
空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid,finance 的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。
69.考查名词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到
很小。根据谓语动词range 可知,空格处应填用可数名词activity 的复数形式作主语。故填
activities。
70.考查非谓语动词。句意:那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影
响达到很小。固定短语aim to do 译为“旨在,目的是”。故填to have。
Passage 14(2021 北京卷A)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
Why do we dream?Scientists aren't completely sure,and they have diverse____11____
(idea).Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through
everything ____12____ happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.
As it ____13____ (connect) things,your brain turns them into a story, and you get a dream.
【参考答案】11. ideas 12. that 13. connects
【文本分析】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们为什么会做梦的原因。
【答案详解】
11.考查可数名词的数。句意:科学家们还不能完全确定,他们有不同的想法。diverse“不
同的,多种多样的”,形容词作定语,后接可数名词复数;idea 想法,可数名词。故填
ideas。
12.考查定语从句。句意:当你睡觉时,你的大脑会整理白天发生的一切,试图将新经历
与旧记忆联系起来。分析句子结构可知,空处需用连接词引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词
everything,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以此处需用关系代词that 引导定语从句。故填
that。
13.考查时态。句意:当它连接事物时,你的大脑将它们变成一个故事,然后你就得到了
一个梦。由主句谓语动词turns 可知,空处从句的谓语动词需用一般现在时态,主语是第三人
称单数it,所以空处谓语动词需用单数。故填connects。
Passage 15(2021 浙江1 月卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词
的正确形式。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries, the
scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 28
.
that most of the rise is due to
gains in BMI in rural areas.
BMI is an internationally recognized measurement tool 29
.
gives an indication of whether
someone is a healthy weight. It is calculated by dividing a 30
.
(person) weight in kg by their
height in meters squared. and a BMI of between 19 and 25 31
.
(consider) healthy.
The study found that between 1985 and 2017, average rural BMI increased 32
.
2. 1 in
women and men. In cities, however, the gain 33
.
(be) 1. 3 in women and 1. 6 in men. The
researchers described “striking changes” in the geography of BMI. Tn 1985,urban men and women
in more than three quarters of the countries 34
.
(study) had higher BMIs than men and women in
rural areas. But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries
had narrowed 35
.
(sharp).
This may be due to some disadvantages for people 36
.
(live) in the countryside,
including 37
.
(low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer
sports facilities.
【参考答案】28.and 29.that/which 30.person’s 31.is considered 32.By 33.was 34.Studied
35.sharply 36.living 37.lower
【文本分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了如今世界各地的人体重越来越超标,主要是
由于农村地区的体重指数(BMI)增加了,并分析了其中的原因。
【答案详解】
28.考查连词。句意:在一项对200 个国家33 年体重指数趋势的研究中,科学家们发
现,世界各地的人们体重越来越重,而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结
构可知,that people worldwide are getting heavier 和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in
rural areas.都是found 引导的宾语从句,是并列关系,故填and。
29.考查定语从句关系代词。句意:BMI 是一种国际公认的测量工具,它可以显示一个
人的体重是否健康。分析句子结构可知,tool 是先行词,且在从句中做主语,故填that/
which。
30.考查名词所有格。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平
方,BMI 在19 到25 之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,person 是修饰weight 的,用
person 的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。
31.考查动词被动语态。句意:它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平
方,BMI 在19 到25 之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(a
BMI)是单数,时态是一般现在时,且主语和consider 是表被动关系,故填is considered。
32.考查介词。句意:研究发现,1985 年至2017 年间,农村女性和男性的平均BMI 增
加了2.1。increase by 表示“增加了”;increase to 表示“增加到”。根据正常的成人BMI 数
值(18.5-23.9)可知,increase by 符合语境,故填by。
33.考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:然而,在城市中,女性增加了1.3,男性增加了
1.6。分析句子结构可知,句子缺少谓语,主语(gain)是单数,时态是一般过去时,故填
was。
34.考查非谓语动词。句意:1985 年,在被研究的国家中,超过四分之三的城市男性和
女性的BMIs 高于农村地区的男性和女性。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语是had,所以
study 用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是countries,表被动关系,故填studied。
35.考查副词。句意:但30 年后,许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI 差异大幅缩小。分析
句子结构可知,sharp 是要修饰动词narrow,用sharp 的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
36.考查非谓语动词。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较低
的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,句子
已有谓语动词may be,故live 用非谓语形式,它的逻辑主语是people,表主动关系,做定
语,用现在分词形式,故填living。
37.考查形容词比较级。句意:这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件,包括较
低的收入和教育水平,较高的健康食品成本,以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知,
including 说明的是一些不利条件,且后面有higher 和fewer,是并列关系,所以low 也应该用
比较级形式,故填lower。
Passage 16(2020 新课标Ⅰ)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The
unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) - the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess
___61___ (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin. Landing on the moon’s far side is
___62___ (extreme) challenging. Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with
a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ___63___ it could send
signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. The far side of the moon is of particular ___64___ (interesting)
to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (环形山), more so ___65___ the familiar near side.
Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 ___66___ (find) and study areas
of the South Pole-Aitken basin. "This really excites scientists," Carle Pieters, a scientist at
Brown University, says, "because it ___67___ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information
about how the moon ___68___ (construct)" Data about the moon’s composition, such as how
___69___ ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether ____70____ (it) plans
for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
【参考答案】61. touched 62. extremely 63. where 64. interest 65. than
66. to find 67. means 68. is constructed 69. much 70. its
【文本分析】这是一篇说明文。中国成为第一个将航天器降落在月球背面的国家,文章
主要介绍了中国无人月球探测器嫦娥四号发射的意义。
【答案详解】
61..考查时态。句意:无人月球探测器嫦娥四号——名字的灵感来源于古代的中国月亮女
神——上周在南极艾特肯盆地着陆。此处是句子的谓语,根据时间状语last week 可知应使用
一般过去时,故填touched。
62.考查副词。句意:登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging,
应使用extreme 的副词形式,故填extremely。
63.考查定语从句。句意:中国首先必须把一颗人造卫星送入月球轨道上的一个点,人造
卫星可以在这个点向航天器和地球发射信号。分析句子可知,空处引导一个定语从句,先行
词是a spot,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地点状语,应用where 引导。故填where。
64.考查名词。句意:月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前的形容词particular 可知,
空处应填名词,interest 是不可数名词,be of interest to sb.意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填
interest。
65.考查介词。句意:因为它比熟悉的一面有更多的深环形山。根据空前的比较级more so
可知,此处填介词than,表示“比……更”。故填than。
66.考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极
艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的,应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。
67.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“这真的使科学家们激动,”布朗大学的一位科学家
Carle Pieters 说:“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This
really excites scientists”可知,此处也使用一般现在时,主语是it,所以空处谓语动词使用第三
人称单数形式means,故填means。
68.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知,此处是宾语从句谓语动词,
谓语construct 与主语the moon 之间是被动关系,应使用被动语态,再由上下文可知此处应使
用一般现在时,主语the moon 是单数,故填is constructed。
69.考查形容词。句意:关于月亮构成的数据,比如它含有多少水和其他财富,可以帮助
中国决定它未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice 是不可数名词,应使用much 修饰,故填
much。
70.考查代词。句意同上。根据空后的名词plans 可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词
its,故填its。
Passage 17(2020 新课标Ⅱ)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单
词的正确形式。
Deorating with Plants, Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a ___61___ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the
beginning of spring. This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers ___62___ (carry) special
significance. They represent the earth ___63___ (come) back to life and best wishes for new
beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges: Orange trees are more ___64___ decoration; they are a symbol of good fortune and
wealth. They make great gifs and you see them many times ___65___ (decorate) with red envelopes
and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes
and office. ___66___ (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must. Bamboo plants are
associated ___67___ health, abundance and a happy home. They are easy ___68___ (care) for and
make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The ___69___ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-
colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations. The plum trees are ____70____ first to flower
even as the snow is melting(融化). They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【参考答案】61. celebration 62. carries 63. coming 64. than 65. decorated
66. Certainly 67. with 68. to care 69. beautiful 70. the
【文本分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了用一些植物、水果和鲜花装饰中国新年的
寓意。
【答案详解】
61.考查名词。句意:中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a 后接名
词形式。故填celebration。
62.考查主谓一致。句意:这就是为什么用植物、水果和鲜花装饰具有特殊意义的原因。
这是一个表语从句,从句主语为动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers,所以谓
语动词用单数形式。故填carries。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动
词为represent,所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth 与come back to 之间为主动关系,所以用
现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。
64.考查短语。句意:桔子树不仅仅是装饰品;more than 不仅仅,不只是。故填than。
65.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们是很好的礼物,你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的
信息。句中them 指代前句中的orange trees,与decorate 之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作
宾语补足语。故填decorated。
66.考查副词。句意:当然在假期期间,这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状
语,因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构,用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
67.考查短语。句意:竹类植物与健康、富足和幸福的家庭联系在一起。be associated with
与……相联系。故填with。
68.考查非谓语动词。句意:它们很容易照顾,也很适合作为礼物。这里考查“be +形容
词 + to do”结构。故填to care。
69.考查形容词。句意:美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾,做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词
branches,用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
70.考查冠词。句意:雪还在融化时,梅花是第一个开花的。这里表示特指,所以序数词
first 前要加定冠词the。故填the。
Passage 18(2020 山东卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Many people have the hobby of collecting things, e.g. stamps, postcards or antiques. In the 18th
and 19th centuries, ___36___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and
works of art. They kept their collection at home until it got too big ___37___ until they died, and
then it was given to a museum. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,
___38___ (form) the core collection of the British Museum ___39___ opened in 1759.
The parts of a museum open to the public ___40___ (call) galleries or rooms. Often, only a
small part of a museum’s collection ___41___ (be) on display. Most of it is stored away or used for
research.
Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors. As well as looking at exhibits,
visitors can play with computer simulations (模拟) and imagine ___42___ (they) living at a different
time in history or ___43___(walk)through a rainforest. At the Jorvik Centre in York, the city’s Viking
settlement is recreated, and people experience the sights, sounds and smells of the old town.
Historical ___44___ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. Museums must compete
____45____people’s spare time and money with other amusements. Most museums also welcome
school groups and arrange special activities for children.
【参考答案】36. wealthy 37.or 38. formed 39. which/that 40. are called
41. is 42. themselves 43. walking 44. accuracy 45. for
【文本分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了博物馆藏品的来源及博物馆给人们带来
的好处和面临的挑战。
【答案详解】
36.考查形容词。句意:在18 和19 世纪,富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处
修饰名词people,应使用形容词,做定语。故填wealthy。
37.考查连词。句意:他们把自己的藏品留在家里,直到收藏变得太大或者自己去世,然后
这些藏品被捐给一家博物馆。根据语境可知,前后陈述的是两者可能性,应使用连词or:或
者。故填or。
38.考查动词时态。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8 万件藏品构成了1759 年开馆的大英博
物馆的核心藏品。此处是谓语动词,根据时间状语in1759 可知,应使用一般过去时。故填
formed。
39.考查定语从句。句意:例如,汉斯•斯隆爵士的8 万件藏品构成了1759 年开馆的大英博
物馆的核心藏品。此处是限定性定语从句,先行词是the British Museum,关系词在从句中做
主语,应使用关系代词which/that 引导。故填which/that。
40.考查动词时态及语态。句意:博物馆对公众开放的部分被称为画廊或展厅。此处描述的
是客观使用,应使用一般现在时;主语与call 是逻辑动宾关系,应使用被动语态,且主语是
复数概念。故填are called。
41.考查主谓一致。句意:通常,博物馆只展出一小部分藏品。此处描述的是客观事实,应
使用一般现在时,主语a small part of a museum’s collection 是单数概念,谓语动词应使用第三
人称单数形式,且后面的Most of it is stored away or used for research.中的is 也是提示。故填
is。
42.考查反身代词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在一
个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处指代visitors,意为“他们自己”,应使用
反身代词。故填themselves。
43.考查非谓语动词。句意:除了观赏展品,游客还可以玩电脑模拟游戏,想象自己生活在
一个不同的历史时期,或者漫步在热带雨林中。此处与living 是并列成分,共同做imagine 的
宾补,imagine sb doing sth. “想象某人做某事”。故填walking。
44.考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要,但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语,位于形容词
historical 之后,应使用名词,意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。
45.考查介词。句意:博物馆必须和其他娱乐活动竞争人们的业余时间和金钱。此处是固定
短语:compete for,意为: “为了……竞争”。故填for。
Passage 19 (2020 海南卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确
形式。
These days, it is not unusual for 10- to 12-year-olds to publish their own websites or
for second and third graders
1
(begin) computer classes. At the
same time, computer games are becoming increasingly popular as major publishing houses
continue to develop
2
(education) computer programs for children
in preschool. Also, technological know-how has become
a
3
(require) for most jobs in an increasingly digital world, as the
computer has become a common tool in most
4
(profession).
The Digital World is a set of volumes
5
aim to describe how
digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems
and their many interacting parts. Each volume in the set
explores
6
wide range of material, explains the basic concepts of
major applications of digital systems,
7
discusses the influences
they have on everyday life. Because the number of possible
topics
8
(be) practically limitless, we focus on a sample of the
most interesting and useful applications and tools and explain the basic principles of
technology. Readers
9
(encourage) to continue exploring the digital
world with the guidance of
10
(we) Further Resources section
featured in each volume.
【参考答案】to begin ; educational ; requirement ; professions ; that 或 which ; a ;
and ; is ; are encouraged ; our
【文本分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了《数字世界》丛书的出版的背景和目
的等方面信息。
【答案详解】
1.考查非谓语动词。句意:如今, 10 到12 岁的孩子发布自己的网站,二年级和三年级学
生开始上计算机课,这些都很常见,本题考查'lt is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.结构,该结构
it 作形式主语,真正的主语为不定式,故答案为:to begin。
2 :考查形容词。句意:与此同时,电脑游戏越来越受欢迎,主要出版社继续为学前儿
童开发教育电脑程序。修饰名词computer programs,前用形容词形式,故答案为:
educational。
3 :考查名词,句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作的必
备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具,动词become 后接名词作宾语,根据前面
的不定冠词a 可知,用名词的单数形式,故答案为:requirement。
4 :考查名词的数。句意:此外,在日益数字化的世界中,技术知识已成为大多数工作
的必备条件,因为计算机已成为大多数职业的通用工具。名词profession 为可数名词,根据前
面的most 修饰可知用复数形式,故答案为:professions。
5 :考查定语从句。句意:《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会并帮助
读者理解数字系统的本质及其众多交互部分的丛书。句中先行词为volumes,在定语从句中
作主语,所以用关系代词which 或that 引导,故答案为:that/which。
6 :考查冠词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基
本概念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响,a range of 一套,一系列,wide 是以辅音音来发
音开头,所以用不定冠词a。故答案为:a。
7 :考查连词。句意:系列中的每卷探索了广泛的材料,解释数字系统的主要应用的基
本概念,并讨论了他们对日常生活的影响,前后句为并列关系,所以用连词and,故答案
为:and。
8 :考查主谓一致。句意:因为可能的主题的数量几乎是无限的,所以我们关注最有趣
和最有用的应用程序和工具的一个示例,并解释技术的基本原理。 the number of….数量,
后接可数名词的复数形式,谓语动词用单数。根据文章中的时态可知,用一般现在时,故答
案为:is。
9 :考查语态,句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提
供指导。主语Readers 与encourage 之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,根据文章中的时态可
知,用一般现在时,故答案为:are encouraged。
10 :考查代词。句意:我们鼓励读者继续探索数字世界,并在每一卷的参考资料部分提
供指导。修饰名词Further Resourcessection,前用形容词性物主代词。故答案为:our。
Passage 20(2020 北京卷B)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
Single-use plastic bags are used at most a few times before they___4___(throw) away. It takes
them hundreds of years___5___(break) down. Many of these bags end up in the ocean where larger
ones can trap sea creatures, such as turtles and dolphins. Over time, the bags fall
apart___6___countless tiny pieces, and fish can accidentally eat some of them. Now, lots
of___7___(country) and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using
them.
【参考答案】4. are thrown 5. to break 6. into/to 7. countries
【文本分析】这是一篇说明文,介绍了一次性塑料袋
危害,应禁止使用。
【答案详解】
4.考查时态语态。句意:一次性塑料袋在扔掉之前最多使用几次。本文讲的是客观事实,
应该用一般现在时,主语they(Single-use plastic bags )和谓语动词throw 之间是被动关系,
应用一般现在时的被动语态,且谓语动词用复数形式。故填are thrown。
5.考查动词不定式。句意:它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时
间+ to do sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事),此处用动词不定式(to do )作真正主语,It 形
式主语。故填to break。
6.考查介词。句意:随着时间
推移,这些袋子分解成成无数的小碎片,鱼可能会不小心
吃掉其中一些。固定搭配fall apart into/to...(分崩离析成……),介词into/to 可表“进入……
之中/变成……”。故填into/to。
7.考查名词的数。句意:现在,许多国家和地区正在采取行动禁止销售这种袋子,以阻止
人们使用。lots of 修饰可数名词复数,故填countries。
Passage 21(2020 北京卷C)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
A piece of stone___8___(find) on a Dutch beach suggests that our extinct human relatives,
known as Neanderthals, were cleverer than previously thought. The Neanderthals___9___(live)
alongside human ancestors in Europe for tens of thousands of years, before dying out about 40, 000
years ago. They were much stronger than modern humans, but it's long been assumed that human
ancestors were____10____(smart)than the Neanderthals. However, the stone tool made by
Neanderthals suggests otherwise.
【参考答案】8. found 9. lived/had lived/had been living 10. smarter
【文本分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在荷兰海滩上发现
一块石头表明已经灭
绝的人类亲戚尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。
【答案详解】
8.考查非谓语动词。句意:在荷兰海滩上发现的一块石头表明,我们已经灭绝的人类亲戚
尼安德特人比我们之前认为的更聪明。句子的谓语为suggests,设空处在句中作非谓语和逻
辑主语之间是逻辑的被动关系。故答案为found。
8.考查动词的时态和语态。句意:尼安德特人与人类祖先一起在欧洲生活了数万年,直到
大约4 万年前灭绝。设空处在句中作谓语,结合句意,此处是指在灭绝之前一直生活了数万
年。设空处的动作发生在灭绝之前,结合时间状语for tens of thousands of years。故应用过去
完成时态或者过去完成进行时态;又因动作发生在过去,强调过去发生的动作,也可用一般
过去时。故答案为lived/had lived/had been living。
10.考查形容词的比较级。句意:但长期以来,人们一直认为人类祖先比尼安德特人更聪
明。设空处前为were 设空处应用形容词,设空处后的than 表示比较,应用比较级。故答案为
smarter。
Passage 22(2020 浙江7 月卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词
的正确形式。
Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived
___56___ ,through agriculture. Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on ___57___
could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had
sown.
Farming produced more food per person ___58___ hunting and gathering,so people were able
to raise more children. And,as more children were born,more food ___59___(need). Agriculture
gave people their first experience of the power of technology ___60___(change)lives.
By about 6000 BC,people ___61___ (discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.
Later,they learned to work with the ___62___ (season),planting at the right time and,in dry
areas, ___63___ (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.
This style of farming lasted for quite a long time. Then,with ___64___ rise of science,
changes began. New methods _____65_____ (mean)that fewer people worked in farming. In the last
century or so,these changes have accelerated. New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化
肥)have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age.
【参考答案】56. in 57. what 58. than 59. was needed 60. to change 61.
had discovered 62. seasons 63. making 64. the 65. meant.
【文本分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了农业的发展历史。
【答案详解】
56.考查介词。句意:公元前10000 年以后,人们第一次真正尝试通过农业来控制他们所
居住的世界。分析可知,“they lived _____”应是之前名词the world 的定语从句,定语从句
引导词被省略,可推知先行词应是在从句中作宾语,即:they lived in the world. live in+名
词,意为“居住在某地”。故填in。
57.考查名词性从句。句意:在几千年的时间里,他们开始减少对我们从野外采集的猎物
的依赖,而更多地依赖他们饲养的动物和播种的庄稼。分析句子,宾语从句部分缺主语,所
以引导词应为“连接代词”。根据句意,此处缺“什么”之意。故填what。
58.考查固定搭配。句意:农业比狩猎和采集的人均粮食产量更高。结合句意可知,此句
中将农业生产与狩猎和采集相比,应用比较连词than。more… than,意为“比……更”故填
than。
59.考查时态语态。句意:随着越多的小孩出生,越多的食物被需要。分析句子,逻辑主
语和need 之间表示被动逻辑。同时此处描述的是过去的时间,所以时态应用过去时。故此处
应用过去时的被动语态。food 为不可数名词。故填was needed。
60.考查非谓语动词。句意:农业让人们第一次体验到技术改变生活的力量。分析句子,
简单句中已有动词gave 故提示词部分需用非谓语动词。分析句意,此处需用不定式表示目
的。故填to change。
61.考查时态。句意:大约在公元前6000 年,人们已经发现了最适宜种植的庄稼和最适宜
饲养的牲畜。分析句子,简单句中除了提示词外无其余动词,故此处需用动词的时态。逻辑
主语和提示词之间表示主动逻辑。by + 过去时间 译为“到…为止”,后面的句子用过去完
成时。故填had discovered.
62.考查名词复数。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地
区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,提示词的词性为为可数名词,应用复数形式。
故填seasons。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意:后来,他们学会了因地制宜,在适当的时间播种,在干旱地
区,利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子,make 所处的分句中无主语,故此处需用非谓语
动词。make use of 和逻辑主语they 之间表示“主动”关系。所以此处用现在分词形式
(doing)形式做状语。故填making。
64.考查定冠词。句意:随着科学的崛起,事情发生了变化。with the rise of 译为“随
着......的崛起”是固定短语。故填the。
65.考查时态。句意:新方法意味着更少的人从事农业。分析句子,主句部分无其他动
词,故此处需填时态。文章的整体时态是过去时,根据时态一致原则此处也应为过去时。逻
辑主语和动词之间表示主动关系。所以此处填过去时的主动形式。故填meant。
Passage 23(2020 浙江1 月卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词
的正确形式。
Something significant is happening to the world population-it is aging. The median(中位数
的)age of an American in 1950___56___(be)30-today it is 41 and is expected___57___(increase)to
42 by 2050. For Japan, the___58___(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.
In 2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65;by 2050, it will be one in six.
This aging of the population is driven___59___two factors. The first is declining birthrates,
which means old generations are large___60___(compare)to younger generations, and so, on
average, the population becomes___61___(old)than before. This is___62___(particular)true in the
US. The second reason is that people are living longer. A child born in the US today
has___63___very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.
People tend to focus on the first factor. However, greater attention should___64___(place)on
longevity(长寿). It isn't just that people are, on average, living longer. It's also that they are on
average healthier___65___more productive for longer. Therefore, they can work for longer, consume
more and in general be a boost to the economy.
【参考答案】56. was 57. to increase 58. numbers 59. by 60. compared
61. older 62. particularly 63. a 64. be placed 65. and
【文本分析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了世界人口正面临老龄化问题,并分析了其产
生的两个原因。
【答案详解】
56.考查动词时态。句意:1950 年美国人的中年年龄是30 岁,今天是41 岁,预计到2050
年将增加到42 岁。结合上文in 1950 可知应用一般过去时,且主语为The median age of an
American,故谓语动词应用第三人称单数。故填was。
57.考查非谓语动词。句意同上。根据短语be expected to do sth.“被期望做某事”后跟不定
式,故填to increase。
58.考查名词的数。句意:对日本来说,这个数字更加惊人——1950 年是22 岁,今天是
46 岁,2050 年是53 岁。number 为可数名词表示“数字”,且根据下文are 可知主语应用复
数形式,故填numbers。
59.考查介词。句意:人口老龄化是由两个因素造成的。表示“由;被”应用介词by。故
填by。
60.考查动词时态语态。句意:首先是出生率的下降,这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口
多,因此,平均而言,人口比以前老龄化。短语be compared to“与……相比;与某事相提并
论”,故填compared。
61.考查形容词比较级。句意同上。根据下文than before 可知应用形容词比较级,故填
older。
62.考查副词。句意:在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true 应用副词,故填
particularly。
63.考查冠词。句意:今天在美国出生的孩子有非常现实的机会活到100 岁以上,因此需
要做出相应的计划。chance 为可数名词,此处表示泛指应用不定冠词,且very 为辅音音素开
头的单词,故填a。
64.考查动词时态语态。句意:然而,更多的关注应放在寿命上。本句中主语与谓语动词
构成被动关系,且should 后跟动词原形,故填be placed。
65.考查连词。句意:而且,平均而言,他们更健康,更长寿。结合上下文语境可知此处
连接上下文两个并列短语应用连词and,故填and。
Passage 24(2019 全国卷I)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as
Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way
across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global
population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however,
biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the
mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years
some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human
settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have
responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human
settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are.
Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___
(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【文本分析】本文为科普文类说明文,介绍了北极熊的生存现状。
【答案详解】
61.考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知,主句为there be 句型,且结构完整,空格
后为同位语从句,解释说明中心词evidence 的内容,故填that。
62.考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词poorly 修饰谓语动词has been
studied,意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63.考查介词用法。此处tracking polar bear populations 作Modern methods 的定语,用of
连接,“methods of doing sth.”,意为“……的方法”,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北
极熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
64.考查非谓语动词。主系表结构之后,常用不定式作原因或目的状语,句意:跟踪北极
熊的现代方法只是在二十世纪八十年代以来开始采用,并且在如此大区域内持续采用是昂贵
的,故此处用to perform。
65.考查时态。根据上下文语境,尤其是时间状语in recent years 可知,主句用现在完成
时态,故填have reported。
66.考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知,空格处为名词形式,故填
belief。
67.考查非谓语动词。根据其前介词by 可知,此处用动名词主动形式,故填noting。
68.考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are 可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故
填higher。
69.考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的19 个北极熊亚种群中”,故填the。
70.考查主谓一致。根据three are declining,此处数词six 作主语,代指前文中的“polar
bear subpopulations”,故用复数谓语,一般现在时,故填are。
Passage 25(2019 浙江卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the
school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the
school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(时尚). Everybody
wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in
Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth
___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on
dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not
clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school
introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American
studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of
them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular.
Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
【参考答案】56. has/will have 57.the 58. that/which 59. cycling 60. easily 61. to
62. improved 63. to wear 64. connection/connections 65. traditional
【文本分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了学生穿校服的几个好处。
【答案详解】
56.考查时态。句意:当每个学生在校穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚问题。本句是when 引
导的时间状语从句,遵循主将从现原则,因此,主句可以使用将来时will do;根据语境可
知,本文叙述的是客观事实,因此,本句亦可用一般现在时,主语是nobody,谓语用has。
故填will have/has。
57.考查冠词。句意:每个人都穿相同风格的衣服。same 是形容词,意思是“相同的”,
常与the 连用修饰名词。故填the。
58.考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是cloth,指物,从句中缺少主语,因
此,可以用that 或which 引导。故填that/which。
59.考查非谓语动词。句意:当孩子们在黑暗的早晨步行或骑车上学时,汽车司机很容易
看到它们。or 连接两个并列成分,根据or 前的walking 可知,此处要用cycling。故填
cycling。
60.考查副词。分析句式可知,设空处所给词是修饰动词see,修饰动词要用副词,因此,
用easy 的副词形式。故填easily。
61.考查介词。句意:这个问题的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...这是固定搭配,“……
的答案是……”。故填to。
62.考查时态。句意:美国的一项研究发现,在学校引入校服后,学生的成绩有所提高。
本句是after 引导的时间状语从句,前后时态保持一致,从句使用了一般过去式,主句用一般
过去式。故填improved。
63.考查非谓语动词。句意:但是,有一些学生不想穿学生服。want to do sth 想要做某
事,这是want 的固定用法。故填to wear。
64.考查名词。句意:其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no 是形容词,
形容词修饰名词,位于名词前,名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect 是动词,“联系”的
意思,因此,要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。
65.考查形容词。句意:穿校服在英国是一个传统,但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用
穿校服。are 是系动词,其后常用形容词作表语,tradition 是名词,“传统”的意思,因此,
用其形容词形式。故填traditional。
Passage 26(2019 北京卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Earth Day,___4___(mark)on 22 April,is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness
about environmental protection. First celebrated ___5___ 1970,the Day now includes events in
more than 190 countries and regions(地区). No matter what you like to do,there is a way to get
involved in various ___6___(activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree,make a meal with locally
grown vegetables,or save power—the possibilities are endless.
【参考答案】4.marked 5.in 6.activities
【文本分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日这一节日。
【答案详解】
4.考查非谓语动词。句意:地球日于4 月22 日举行,是一项旨在提高公众环保意识的年
度活动。分析句式可知,设空处是要做名词Earth Day 的后置定语,且与其之间是被动关系,
要用过去分词。故填marked。
5.考查介词。句意:第一次庆祝是在1970 年。如今,这一天的活动遍及190 多个国家和
地区。在年份前要用介词in。故填in。
6.考查名词。句意:无论你喜欢做什么,有一个方法可以让你参与地球日的各种活动。根
据设空前的various 可知,此处要用名词的复数形式。故填activities。
Passage 27(2019 北京卷)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
Does the name of the college you attend really matter?Research on the question
___7___(suggest)that,for most students,it doesn't. What students do at college seems to matter
much more than ___8___ they go. The students benefitting most from college are those ___9___ are
totally engaged(参与)in academic life. taking full advantage of the college’s chances and
resources(资源),Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about
which college to attend, and it’s never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and
___10___(meaning)college experience.
【参考答案】7. suggests/suggested/has suggested 8. Where 9. who/that 10. meaningful
【文本分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明,大学的名气对学生来说并不重
要,从大学生活中受益最多的是完全投入学术生活、充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。所
以要以正确的态度来选择大学。
【答案详解】
7.考查时态。句意:对于这个问题的研究表明,对于大多数学生来说,它不重要。这里表
示研究的客观结果,所以用现在时或一般过去时均可,故填suggests/suggested/has
suggested。
8. where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意:学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里(哪所大学)
更重要。这里表达去哪所大学,表示地点,作状语。故用where。
9.考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。
___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句,修饰先行词those,空格处在句
中作主语,代指人,故填who 或that。
10.考查形容词。这里与前面的healthy 并列,修饰后面的名词college experience,故此处
也要用形容词。故填meaningful。
Passage 28(2018 全国卷I)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正
确形式。
a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-
runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be
overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more
effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the
review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of
running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To
avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles
(肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69
(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other
sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
【参考答案】61. longer 62. to see 63.dying 64.is 65.than 66.that 或which
67.causes 68.strengthen 69.energetic 70.it 或running
【文本分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处,它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
【答案详解】
61.考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示:经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3 年。根据than
可知用比较级,故填longer。
62.考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式
作目的状语,故填to see。
63.考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重,但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of
是介词,其后用动名词。故填dying。
64.考查动词的时态和主谓一致。医学报告显示:跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延
长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实,故用一般现在时,且主语是it,要用第三人称单数。故填
is。
65.考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more
effective 可知此处填than。
66.考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study 是先行词,其在定语从句中作主语,故填that 或
which。
67.考查名词复数。一项研究表明,仅仅每天5 到10 分钟的跑步,就能减少各种原因的心
脏病和早亡。根据句意用复数形式。故填causes。
68.考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to 是不定式符合,其后用动词原形。
故填strengthen。
69.考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s 可知,系动词后用形容词作表
语。故填energetic。
70.考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try 意为:试试。此处it
可以指running。故填it 或running。
Passage 29(2018 全国卷I I)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的
正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___
(grow)more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past
25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to
feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to
grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and
creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's
major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___
(globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when
the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer
recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented
the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its
environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food
policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【参考答案】61. has grown 62. the 63. actually 64. to improve 65. than 66.
pollution 67. global 68.started 69. that/which 70. feeding
【文本分析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些
变化并得到了世界上的知名人士的认可。
【答案详解】
61.考查时态。since 加时间点,主句要用现在完成时。句意:2011 年以来,中国种植的玉
米比水稻多。故填has grown。
62.考查冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去25 年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%。故是
特指在过去的25 年里。故填the。
63.考查副词。句意:对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整,用副词
修饰句子。故填actually。
64.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词
可以且谓语动词是encourages,故improve 应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式。
故填to improve。
65.考查连词。句意:玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less 可知,填比较连词。故
填than。
66.考查词性转换。句意:这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染,使人们的饮用
水更加安全。has decreased 后跟名词作宾语,故填pollution。
67.考查词性转换。句意:中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption 是名
词短语,故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
68.考查谓语动词。句意:在2005 年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when 引导的
定语从句,由于时间是2005 年,故用过去时。故填started。
69.考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives 可知,该空缺少主语,指代program
并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that 或者which。
70.考查省略句。句意:中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界
的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作,while 后面省略
掉了China is,省略句的原则:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中,如果从句
的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be 动词时,那么可以把主语和be 动词一块省略。故填
feeding。