专题三 完形填空
类型二 体裁破解
第3 讲 说明文
【辨明题类】
说明文是以说明为主要表达方式，用来说明事物、阐明事理的一种文体。
它通过揭示概念来说明事物的特征、本质及其规律性，给人准确的科学知识或
传递某种思想。其基本模式是：观点—说明—总结。
说明文要通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对其
加以说明的。弄清说明顺序，把握作者态度。在说明的过程中作者会选择合理
的说明顺序对说明对象进行有条不紊地解说。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握
文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理解。
【技法点拨】
1．快速通读全文，明确作者从什么角度和侧面对哪一个说明对象进行说明的。
2．把握每段的说明侧重点，厘清段落之间的逻辑关系，加深对说明对象的理
解。
3．清楚作者是按照时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序还是认知顺序来展开说明
的，进一步确定前后文的因果关系、先后主次、由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部
到整体、由客观到本质等。
4．抓住体现作者态度的关键词句，有利于掌握作者的写作情感和意图。
【真题体验】
(2022·全国乙卷改编)
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them,
there's something highly exciting about 1 someone else's glance and making
oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 2 at hiding.They
often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 3 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children
are hopelessly “egocentric(自我中心的)” creatures.But our 5 research
results in child developmental psychology contradicted that idea.
We brought young children aged 2- 4 into our Minds in Development Lab at
USC.Each 6 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ears.We then
asked the child if she could 7 or hear the adult.Surprisingly, children replied that
they couldn't.The same 8 happened when the adult covered her own mouth:
Now children said that they couldn't 9 to her.
A number of 10 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being
asked.The results were clear: Our young subjects 11 the questions and knew
exactly what was asked of them.Their 12 to the questions reflected their true
belief that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply 13
mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.Our 14 suggest when a child “hides”
by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.In fact, children
consider this method 15 when others use it.
1．A．following
B．taking
C．escaping
D．directing
2．A．clever
B．bad
C．scared
D．quick
3．A．exposed
B．examined
C．untouched
D．imbalanced
4．A．supported
B．guaranteed
C．imagined
D．interpreted
5．A．disappointing
B．mixed
C．surprising
D．desired
6．A．parent
B．child
C．researcher
D．doctor
7．A．see
B．help
C．reach
D．fool
8．A．event
B．thing
C．action
D．accident
9．A．speak
B．listen
C．turn
D．wave
10．A．instructions
B．descriptions
C．experiments
D．assumptions
11．A．comprehended
B．predicted
C．explored
D．ignored
12．A．responses
B．approaches
C．contribution
D．sensitivity
13．A．hold back
B．relate to
C．insist on
D．make up
14．A．limitations
B．requirements
C．theories
D．findings
15．A．tentative
B．impressive
C．creative
D．effective
A
(2025·内蒙古赤峰市高三三模)
Yu Kongjian, one of China's most distinguished urban designers, can remember the
day he nearly died in the river at the age of ten when he was swept into floodwaters.
1 , banks of willows and reeds slowed the river's 2 , allowing Yu to grab the
vegetation and pull himself out.
It was a(n) 3 moment that would impact not only Yu's life, but the rest of China
as well.He studied landscaping in Beijing and design at Harvard, returning to China in
1997. 4 by its outdated basic facilities, he 5 an urban design philosophy
based on traditional Chinese concepts.
Yu 6 the sponge (海绵) city concept of managing floods.Unlike conventional
flood control, Yu's 7 , inspired by ancient Chinese farming techniques,
emphasizes 8 rainfall and slowing down surface run-off (地表径流)．This
method not only 9 flood pressure but also creates green spaces, parks, and
animal habitats, while 10 water with plants removing polluting nutrients.
In 2015, the Chinese government 11 a plan and an ambitious goal：By 2030,
80 percent of China's urban areas must have elements of a sponge city, and 12 at
least 70% of rainfall.Some cities in Singapore, the United States and Russia have
started employing similar 13 .
The sponge city is 14 for using natural processes to solve the city's problems,
said sustainable design expert Dr.Nirmal Kishnani.“We have to find our way back to
seeing ourselves as a part of 15 .”
1．A．Gradually
B．Immediately
C．Eventually
D．Fortunately
2．A．expansion
B．flow
C．wave
D．rise
3．A．defining
B．promising
C．engaging
D．alarming
4．A．Excited
B．Shocked
C．Moved
D．Embarrassed
5．A．changed
B．stopped
C．questioned
D．advocated
6．A．made up for
B．put up with
C．came up with
D．stood up for
7．A．attitude
B．approach
C．discovery
D．goal
8．A．absorbing
B．taking
C．reducing
D．wasting
9．A．causes
B．increases
C．eases
D．controls
10．A．channeling
B．pumping
C．locking
D．purifying
11．A．canceled
B．announced
C．delayed
D．revised
12．A．recycle
B．adjust
C．analyze
D．contain
13．A．meaning
B．business
C．concepts
D．activities
14．A．common
B．remarkable
C．complex
D．responsible
15．A．society
B．history
C．nature
D．culture
B
(2025·甘肃省平凉市一中高三冲刺压轴卷)
Farmers at Malaysia's Mono Premium Melon Farm have discovered the right mix of
nutrients and treatments to successfully grow Japanese muskmelons, one of the
world's 1 fruits.One of the 2 involves workers rubbing the melons with a
soft cloth.The farmers believe that doing this can 3 the taste of the fruit.They
also play classical music around the plants, which is thought to increase 4 .
Since the last century, farmers in Japan have been growing the fruit which is 5
for their tastiness and shape.In Japan, the costly melons are sold just in 6 stores
as luxury products.
The farmers say they 7 to grow melons with the same level of quality as those
sold in Japan.But the process is more 8 in Malaysia because of the country's
hotter and wetter climate.
“We have to make sure that nutrition and the watering are done very consistently and
9 ，” says Elaine Chow, the co-founder of the farm, in Putrajaya, south of Kuala
Lumpur.
The Malaysian farmers get their 10 from Japan and also travel to Japanese farms
to 11 the correct growing methods.The farmers say they have done a lot of 12
to find out the best nutrition for the muskmelon plants.
The farmers' 13 have paid off so far.The first crop of 200 selected muskmelons
had quickly 14 at 40 US dollars per kilogram.That 15 is about one-third
lower than that in Japan.
1．A．smallest
B．costliest
C．heaviest
D．ugliest
2．A．methods
B．countries
C．theories
D．stories
3．A．try
B．miss
C．forget
D．improve
4．A．profit
B．expense
C．growth
D．satisfaction
5．A．prized
B．abandoned
C．awarded
D．cared
6．A．remote
B．high-end
C．less-known
D．neighboring
7．A．hate
B．stop
C．aim
D．promise
8．A．peaceful
B．convenient
C．natural
D．difficult
9．A．frequently
B．annually
C．precisely
D．similarly
10．A．invitations
B．seeds
C．contracts
D．funds
11．A．popularize
B．check
C．demonstrate
D．learn
12．A．tasks
B．experiments
C．preparations
D．promotions
13．A．efforts
B．kindness
C．generosity
D．experiences
14．A．died out
B．shown up
C．sold out
D．grown up
15．A．weight
B．share
C．demand
D．price
C
(2025·河北省博野高三高考信息联考卷)
What price does the planet pay for a pair of jeans ？It's a question that Estonian
designer Reet Aus set off to find a 1 .
“I'm a fashion designer who loves my job，” Aus said.“But I'm 2 that we're
overproducing.” Fast fashion refers to 3 , trendy clothing, and it's the way of an
industry that always has a new collection for each season.
Fast fashion has increased clothing purchases by 400% in 20 years, with many clothes
4 in landfills(填埋场)where they don't decompose.Aus visited Bangladesh to see
the fabric waste and 5 found tons of materials being thrown away without
recycling processes.She also 6 that making one pair of jeans uses 10 cubic
meters of water and 7 chemicals that stay in the final product, affecting both the
environment and human health.
Aus believes consumers have the power to force 8 by demanding quality, long-
lasting clothes that 9 workers and the environment.Due to 10 the
challenge, she decided to make a 11 by upcycling, turning old materials into
new, unique clothing.Her upcycled T-shirt project with a major manufacturer was
successful, 12 90% less water and energy than traditional production.
While upcycled clothing can be more expensive, Aus emphasizes 13 our
possessions and the impact of our consumption.She is 14 to making small
changes in the industry and 15 others to do the same.
1．A．threat
B．secret
C．reply
D．solution
2．A．ashamed
B．curious
C．anxious
D．excited
3．A．handmade
B．cheap
C．traditional
D．costly
4．A．taking up
B．mixing up
C．ending up
D．dressing up
5．A．shockingly
B．occasionally
C．cautiously
D．frequently
6．A．ignored
B．learned
C．predicted
D．questioned
7．A．essential
B．natural
C．common
D．dangerous
8．A．design
B．alarm
C．change
D．intention
9．A．respect
B．affect
C．preserve
D．promote
10．A．overlooking
B．denying
C．avoiding
D．recognizing
11．A．living
B．plan
C．difference
D．profit
12．A．recovering
B．consuming
C．saving
D．protecting
13．A．valuing
B．replacing
C．storing
D．donating
14．A．addicted
B．exposed
C．opposed
D．committed
15．A．encourages
B．orders
C．allows
D．forces
D
(2025·甘肃省平凉市一中高三冲刺压轴卷)
“Life is easy.Why do we make it so 1 ？” This was the question that 2
Jon Jandai to establish Pun Pun Center on nine acres of land outside of Chiang Mai in
2003.
The center is mainly an organic farm.Members of the 3 work on the farm for a
couple of hours a day, cook and eat collectively( 集体), and spend the rest of their
days having fun.Jandai, who 4 eating more than 100 different kinds of plants in
his youth, has even set up a seed bank to 5 the seeds of rare plants from
Thailand and around the world.
“We call ourselves ‘happiness farmers’ and 6 whatever we have had，”
Jandai says.“Although we earn less than Thailand's minimum wage, we are
economically 7 because we spend even less.”
When Jandai was a young adult, he worked as an engineer for seven years in
Bangkok, where he was 8 with long work hours, little pay and a 9
apartment.He returned to the remote village in Northeastern Thailand where he grew
up to 10 the agricultural life he missed.
In a country where more than 50% of the population now lives in cities and farmers
face falling crop prices, rising input costs and 11 debt, Jandai offers a(n) 12
that has attracted more than 10,000 people all over the country.
“It is a life of self-reliance that 13 building earthen homes, learning to farm
native Thai fruits and vegetables, and 14 more than enough food for ourselves in
a few hours of work a day ，” one of the “happiness farmers” tells
reporters.“Now, we have 15 time for post-lunch breaks, monthly festivals, and
self-reflection.”
1．A．short
B．pleasant
C．hard
D．rare
2．A．drove
B．referred
C．allowed
D．recommended
3．A．church
B．community
C．club
D．board
4．A．enjoys
B．avoids
C．keeps
D．remembers
5．A．preserve
B．produce
C．cook
D．hide
6．A．see
B．share
C．lose
D．sell
7．A．competitive
B．dependant
C．secure
D．impossible
8．A．attracted
B．threatened
C．blinded
D．disappointed
9．A．clean
B．luxury
C．crowded
D．destroyed
10．A．recreate
B．investigate
C．support
D．reflect
11．A．little
B．rocketing
C．forgiven
D．foreign
12．A．market
B．award
C．price
D．alternative
13．A．signs up for
B．dreams of
C．consists of
D．contributes to
14．A．buying
B．growing
C．taking
D．donating
15．A．plenty
B．tough
C．busy
D．brief
