专题一 阅读理解
类型一 题型破解
第2 讲 推理判断题
推理判断是指在理解原文字面意思的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析
和细节的推敲，作出一定的判断和推理，从而理解文章的深层含义的过程。推
理判断题主要考查考生分析上下文逻辑关系的能力以及逻辑推理能力。题目所
涉及的内容可能是某几句话，要求考生在理解原文意思的基础上，对文章字面
信息进行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，从而揭示其深层含义。纵观近几年高考真
题，细节推断、观点态度、写作意图为高频考点，而推断读者对象、语篇出
处、后续内容、文章体裁、写作手法和文章结构等为低频考点。
考点1 细节推断题
●辨明题类
细节推断题要求考生根据语篇内容，就某具体细节进行推断，如时间、地点、
人物关系、人物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常
识进行推理判断。一般题干中经常会出现六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象
征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，conclude(得出结论，推断出)和
assume(假定，设想)。
该类型的命题方式常常以下列形式呈现：
(1)It can be inferred/concluded from the text that .
(2)What can we infer/learn from...?
(3)We can learn from the passage that .
(4)The passage/story...indicates/suggests/implies that .
●技法点拨
第一步：定位关键细节——根据题干提供的信息，抓住某一段话的关键信息，
即推理的依据；
第二步：正确理解推断——对原文中的信息细读理解其字面意义，然后结合语
境，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维和
正向推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。
【特别提醒】
(1)如果某个选项是文章中的一个细节内容，则不能作为推理的结论。
(2)切勿把脱离原文的个人看法、主观臆断作为答案。
●真题体验
(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解C)
Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper？And
are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when
covering the same material？The answers to both questions are often “no”．The
reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an
entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital
content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more
successful when it's on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this
finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters
move from posing simple tasks—like identifying the main idea in a reading passage—
to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper's
physical properties.With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the
visual geography of distinct pages.People often link their memory of what they've
read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a
theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”．According to this theory, people
approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so
serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers
increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an
article by the same person.However, psychologists have demonstrated that when
adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or
view identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing
resources not available in print.However, for maximizing learning where mental focus
and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even
when they contain identical words.
31．What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【解题示范】 第一步：确定题干中的关键信息：imply in the last paragraph；
第二步：确定推理依据的位置或范围是最后一段之后，再进行推理判断：
“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing
resources not available in print.However, for maximizing learning where mental focus
and reflection are called for, educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even
when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其
是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情
况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包
含相同的单词。)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但
当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同
的，表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本
在教育中的重要性。故选C。
考点2 观点态度题
●辨明题类
所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉
或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观、悲观；客
观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文
章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表
达感情色彩的形容词或副词。此类试题往往让考生推断文章作者或文中人物对
某事所持的态度、观点或看法，或推断文中人物的语气、性格等。设问形式常
有：
(1)What's the writer's attitude towards...?
(2)What is the author's opinion on...?
(3)What does the author think/feel about...?
●技法点拨
1．文章作者或文中人物对某事物所持的观点或态度往往隐含在文章的字里行间
或流露于修饰词之中，注意文中作者或人物的措辞。
(1)正确掌握字里行间所隐含或流露的意思，切忌用自己的观点来代替作者或文
中人物的观点。
(2)留意那些描写所处氛围及表达情感、态度或观点的词语或句子。
(3)关注首段首尾句，推断文章主题，确定作者观点。
2．要分清选项中的表示支持或肯定、中立、反对或否定的词语，再以此对照文
章内容。下面是一些常见的有关作者情感、态度的词语：
(1)表示支持或肯定的词语
favorable 赞同的，有利的；positive 积极的，肯定的，确实的；supportive 支持
的；reasonable 合理的；enthusiastic 热情的等。
(2)表示反对或否定的词语
critical 批评的；negative 否定的，消极的；impractical 不实际的；radical 激进
的；prejudiced 有成见的，偏颇的等。
(3)表示中立或客观的词语
objective 客观的；neutral 中立的；indifferent 漠然的等。
●真题体验
(2025·浙江1 月卷·阅读理解B)
When I was a child I was often told what not to eat.“You don't want to get fat” was
on constant repeat throughout my childhood.It really messed up my relationship with
food—something that took me years to overcome.Because of this, I'm careful not to
connect what my kids weigh with their worth as people.I encourage my daughter to
make healthy snack choices and often dissuade(劝阻) her from a second dessert.But
one day when I heard her saying “I think I'm too fat”， my heart sank.It made me
wonder if giving her advice on snacks was having an unintentionally negative impact.
According to Charlotte Markey, a professor of psychology, food is one of the rare
subjects where, as parents, saying less is more.“There are so many things in
parenting that are good to talk through, but I'm not convinced that food is one of
them，” she says.“It just creates some worries and insecurities in kids that aren't
necessarily healthy.”
Instead, she recommends applying a well-known concept among nutrition experts
called the “Division of Responsibility” ， where parents provide a variety of
mostly healthy foods to their kids at fixed times, and the kids themselves decide what
and how much they want to consume—even if that means occasionally eating more
cookies than carrots.
Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural consequences of
their decisions.“When your child says, ‘My stomach hurts’ ， you can say,
‘Well you had a lot of sugary foods and you might feel better if you made some
other choices，’” says Markey.“Let them feel like they have some control over
it.”
I've been trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive, they
do make better decisions.“Feeding is a long game，” says Markey.“The food you
have available makes a huge difference.Even if they don't eat it, they're seeing it.And
then all of a sudden it clicks.”
27．What does the author think of the strategies she has been following?
A．Costly.
B．Complex.
C．Workable.
D．Contradictory.
【解题示范】 第一步：根据题干确定题型：由题干中的What does the author
think of 可知本题考查作者的观点态度。
第二步：确定答案，定位到原文，寻找相关信息：根据最后一段中“I've been
trying out these strategies and I've found that when I'm less restrictive, they do make
better decisions.”可知，孩子们确实会做出更好的决策，所以作者会认为自己所
遵循的策略是可行的。故选C。
考点3 写作意图题
●辨明题类
通常情况下，作者在文中不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文中所列事物使读
者感受到其所传递的想法。所以，这种题型要求考生具备对作者阐述的内容进
行总结和分析的能力。设问形式常有：
1．整篇文章的写作目的/意图
(1)The writer writes this passage in order to .
(2)The purpose of the text is to .
(3)What is the main purpose of the passage?
(4)The writer of the story wants/intends to tell us that .
2．某处细节的写作目的/意图
(1)The writer uses...in the first paragraph to .
(2)The writer uses the example of...to .
(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .
●技法点拨
通常可依据文体特点来推断作者的写作意图：
1．记叙文：通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理
性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开。
2．应用文：文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语
言。
3．说明文：其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，故应找准主题句。
4．议论文：一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常
隐含于最后一部分中。
●真题体验
(2025·北京卷·阅读理解D)
The call to “know yourself” has been there since ancient times, but our sense of
self doesn't always match what others perceive.Considering the stories we tell about
ourselves can help us to change our minds for better.
For many years, psychologists saw identity as a combination of someone's values,
beliefs, goals and social roles.Then, in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story
model of identity, in which he proposes that, as we go through life, these core features
are built in with our memories to create a personal story through which we understand
our lives.
Our life story is something that starts coming together in our teenage years, when we
begin to organise our lives into chapters around key events or life changes, and begin
to see ourselves as both the central character and, to a varying extent, the story's
author.People with more consistent stories tend to have a stronger sense of identity,
and they feel their life has more meaning, direction and sense of purpose.Such people
show greater overall life satisfaction, too.
Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story themes.He
discovered that whether someone describes having had some control over events in
their past is an important predictor of a person's mental health.Another key theme
involves finding some kind of positive meaning after stressful events.“People could
talk about gaining knowledge or personal growth ，” says Johnson.His research
shows that this is often missing for people with mental health conditions.The good
news is that there is evidence we can learn to change our own story.
Lisa Green, another researcher, sounds a few notes of caution(谨慎)．For instance,
hearing about the power of redemptive( 拯救性的) stories, many people may feel
forced to find a positive angle on horrible events.She says that Western culture
already pushes people to look for the silver lining behind every cloud.
If you want to turn over a new leaf, though, one top tip is that it helps to choose a
significant date that signals the start of a new “chapter” ．Contrary to popular
doubt, resolutions made on 1 January are more effective for this reason.So, whether
your goal is saving money or getting fit, there is no better time to become the author
of our own destiny(命运)．
33．What does the author mainly do in this passage?
A．Clarify a goal.
B．Analyse an event.
C．Make a comparison.
D．Illustrate an approach.
【解题示范】 第一步：确定题干中的关键信息：What does the author mainly
do，由题干中的信息可知，该题考查的是作者的写作意图。
第二步：根据题型特点和文章内容，确定应考虑的主要段落：通读全文，尤其
是第一段“The call to ‘know yourself’ has been there since ancient times, but our
sense of self doesn't always match what others perceive.Considering the stories we
tell about ourselves can help us to change our minds for better.”和第二段中“Then,
in the 1980s, Bob Johnson created the life story model of identity, in which he
proposes that, as we go through life, these core features are built in with our memories
to create a personal story through which we understand our lives.”以及第四段中
“ Johnson has also investigated the link between well-being and certain story
themes.”可知，文章主要阐述了个人故事与自我认同、幸福感之间的关系，并
举例说明了如何通过改变个人故事来影响自我认同和幸福感，因此作者主要是
在阐述一种方法。故选D。
考点4 语篇出处/类别题
●辨明题类
语篇出处/类别题要求考生具备一定的常识，要从文章内容、语言特色和标志信
息着手，能够根据文章的体裁和题材来推断文章的出处或类别。一般说来，报
纸上的新闻前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称等；广告类文章因其格式特
殊，容易辨认；产品说明类文章，如家电、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操
作方式；药品的服用说明会告知服用的时间、次数、药量等；来自网络的文章
一般比较新颖，时效性强。设问形式常有：
(1)This passage would probably/most likely be found in .
(2)The passage is probably taken from/out of .
(3)Where is the text probably from?
(4)Where is the text most probably taken from?
(5)Where can the text be found?
(6)What is the text?
(7)What is the text most probably?
●技法点拨
1．利用内容判断文章出处
(1)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：newspaper。
(2)推销介绍新产品：advertisement。
(3)文章中有click here, download, upload, link, mouse, surf 等网络用语：website。
(4)旅游胜地方面的介绍：travel guide。
(5)时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍：magazine/journal/entertainment section。
(6)科普知识：science report。
(7)文化教育类文章：education section。
2．利用内容判断文章类别
(1)旅游景点方面的介绍：travel guide。
(2)新产品/新书/新影片/演出介绍：advertisement。
(3)活动介绍：notice/announcement。
(4)文章前面有日期、地点或通讯社名称：news。
(5)科普知识/研究介绍：science report/study report。
●真题体验
(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A)
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this
course：Essay 1＝10%; Essay 2＝15%; Essay 3＝15%; Essay 4＝20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments ( 作业) during the
course.All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through
Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete
short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from
the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during
class.Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class
or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class
period it is late.If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a
zero.Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero.Short writings
missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
21．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A textbook.
B．An exam paper.
C．A course plan.
D．An academic article.
【解题示范】 第一步：阅读题干，把握关键词Where, is taken from；
第二步：快速浏览全文，确定体裁为说明文。根据标题“Grading Policies for
Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分政策)”和“Essays(60%)(论文
(60%))”部分的“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the
grade for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，
文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选
C。
考点5 读者对象题
●辨明题类
读者对象题要求考生根据短文内容和文中的措辞推断文章的读者对象，即作者
针对的读者对象是什么人。设问形式常有：
(1)The passage is probably intended for .
(2)Who is the passage intended for?
(3) Who is the text mainly intended for?
(4)Who are the main intended readers of the text?
●技法点拨
先确定文章主题，再根据文章具体细节内容判断读者对象。
A
(2025·贵州省六盘水市高三一模)
Heating and lighting buildings consume a significant portion of global energy—about
18%, according to the International Energy Agency.Many buildings have outdated
HVAC systems(空调通风系统) that respond slowly to weather changes, leading to
energy waste.However, AI is seen as a potential solution.While AI itself can be
energy-intensive—Microsoft has acknowledged that its AI development threatens
climate goals—experts believe AI can improve energy efficiency in large buildings.A
2024 study suggests that AI could reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions
in buildings by at least 8%, and initial efforts to integrate AI into HVAC systems have
been promising.
Sam Ramadori, CEO of BrainBox AI, explains that large buildings often have
thousands of HVAC components that need to work together efficiently.His company's
technology uses predictive AI to send instructions every five minutes to various parts
of the system, optimizing energy use and comfort.For example, the AI system at 45
Broadway begins warming the building in prediction of a cold front, and it adjusts
heat distribution based on sunlight exposure.
Researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory have also explored AI's
potential in building efficiency.Their study suggests that integrating AI with HVAC
systems could reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions by 8% to 19%, or
even more with active policy measures.AI can help minimize a building's carbon
footprint throughout its lifecycle, from design to maintenance, by predicting
equipment failures and reducing downtime(停工期)．
Other initiatives have shown similar benefits.In Stockholm, AI tools were applied in
87 HVAC systems in educational facilities, resulting in an annual reduction of 64 tons
of carbon dioxide equivalent( 等量) and an 8% decrease in electricity usage.The
University of Maryland's Center for Environmental Energy Engineering also supports
the idea that AI can significantly reduce power consumption in complex HVAC
systems, especially those with both indoor and outdoor units.
As the globe warms, efficient cooling systems will be increasingly important.Arash
Zarmehr, a building performance consultant at the engineering firm WSP, says that
“AI engineers are aware that human controls on HVAC systems reduce
efficiencies，” he says.“AI can help us move toward the actual decarbonization of
buildings.”
1．What does the 2024 study show?
A．AI contributes to climate change.
B．AI consumes much global energy.
C．AI decreases energy consumption.
D．AI is widely used in HVAC systems.
2．How can AI help building efficiency?
A．By shortening a building's lifecycle.
B．By minimizing HVAC's components.
C．By regulating heat distribution randomly.
D．By telling equipment failures in advance.
3．What is Arash Zarmehr's attitude towards the use of AI?
A．Favorable.
B．Neutral.
C．Skeptical.
D．Pessimistic.
4．What can be the best title of the text?
A．The Challenges of AI's Rise
B．The Energy Use in Buildings
C．The Impact of HVAC Systems
D．AI's Application in a New Field
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章指出建筑供暖和照明消耗了全球大量
能源，而人工智能可以通过优化空调通风系统，将能耗和碳排放降低8%至
19%，并提高建筑的整体能源效率。
【解析】
1．C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“A 2024 study suggests that AI could reduce
energy consumption and carbon emissions in buildings by at least 8%, and initial
efforts to integrate AI into HVAC systems have been promising.”可知，这项研究
表明AI 可以降低能耗。
2．D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“AI can help minimize a building's carbon
footprint throughout its lifecycle, from design to maintenance, by predicting
equipment failures and reducing downtime (停工期)．”可知，AI 可以提前告知设
备故障，从而提高建筑效率。
3．A 观点态度题。根据最后一段中Arash Zarmehr 所说的话“AI can help us
move toward the actual decarbonization of buildings.”可知，Arash Zarmehr 认为
AI 可以帮助实现建筑物的脱碳，这表明他对AI 的使用持支持的态度。
4．D 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“Many buildings have outdated
HVAC systems (空调通风系统) that respond slowly to weather changes, leading to
energy waste.However, AI is seen as a potential solution.While AI itself can be
energy-intensive—Microsoft has acknowledged that its AI development threatens
climate goals—experts believe AI can improve energy efficiency in large buildings.”
可知，文章主要讨论了AI 在建筑能效管理中的应用，特别是如何通过优化空调
通风系统来减少能耗和碳排放。因此，D 项“AI 在新领域的应用”最契合文章
主旨，适合作为文章标题。
B
(2025·广东省茂名市高三一模)
If you dislike cold weather, don't worry.Here are some recommended destinations.
Mexico
Mexico is a great destination for winter sun.The Yucatan Peninsula is known for its
beautiful beaches, ancient Mayan ruins, thrilling activities, amazing cuisine, and
biodiversity that you have to see with your own eyes.
South Africa
South Africa is another great winter escape, especially if you're open to enduring a
longer flight away from home.The Western Cape, in particular, is known for its
beautiful beaches and mild temperatures.
Portugal
This country has so much to offer travelers in the colder months, from beautiful
mountain ranges to sunny days on the beach.Enjoy a walk through one of many
picturesque villages like Lisbon, Cintra, or Porto, or explore one of the many national
parks for some outdoor adventures.With its long stretches of coast and rough land,
Portugal is an ideal destination for those seeking outdoor activities such as hiking and
mountain biking.
Chile
Forget the traditional snowy scenes; Chile offers a winter that's as diverse as its
landscapes.While everyone else you know is wrapped up in thick clothes, you could
be enjoying a sweet Chilean summer.December to March is summer in the Southern
Hemisphere(半球), and Chile is bathing in sunshine!
5．What makes the Western Cape a good winter escape?
A．Its long flight distance.
B．Its beaches and temperatures.
C．Its cuisine and biodiversity.
D．Its mountain ranges and sunny days.
6．What do the four destinations have in common?
A．They all have extremely hot weather in winter.
B．They are all well-known for their ancient ruins.
C．They all offer relatively warm climate in winter.
D．They are all located in the Southern Hemisphere.
7．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A history book.
B．A business report.
C．A travel magazine.
D．A research paper.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了四个适合冬季避寒的旅游目的
地，分别介绍了墨西哥、南非、葡萄牙和智利的冬季特色与景点。
【解析】
5．B 细节理解题。根据South Africa 部分的“South Africa is another great
winter escape, especially if you're open to enduring a longer flight away from
home.The Western Cape, in particular, is known for its beautiful beaches and mild
temperatures.”可知，西开普省的优势在于美丽的海滩和温和的气候。
6．C 细节理解题。根据Mexico 部分的“Mexico is a great destination for winter
sun.” 、South Africa 部分的“ South Africa is another great winter escape,
especially if you're open to enduring a longer flight away from home.The Western
Cape, in particular, is known for its beautiful beaches and mild temperatures.”、
Portugal 部分“This country has so much to offer travelers in the colder months,
from beautiful mountain ranges to sunny days on the beach.”以及Chile 部分的
“December to March is summer in the Southern Hemisphere( 半球), and Chile is
bathing in sunshine！”可知，四个目的地都是本文推荐的冬季旅行的目的地，
且气候温暖。
7．C 语篇出处题。根据第一段“If you dislike cold weather, don't worry.Here are
some recommended destinations.” 以及Mexico 部分的“ Mexico is a great
destination for winter sun.”、South Africa 部分的“South Africa is another great
winter escape, especially if you're open to enduring a longer flight away from
home.The Western Cape, in particular, is known for its beautiful beaches and mild
temperatures.”等可知，文章围绕冬季旅游目的地推荐展开，包含景点特色、气
候等信息，主要介绍了四个适合冬季前往的旅游目的地及其特色，所以很可能
出自旅游杂志。
C
(2025·江西省南昌市高三二模)
Annie Smith, 32, went into labor as floodwaters from Hurricane Harvey surrounded
her apartment.With the roads underwater, the two-mile drive to the hospital was
impossible.Annie and her husband, Greg, both doctors, began preparing for a home
birth.
Greg rushed to gather supplies—scissors, sewing needles—while his mother boiled
water to sterilize (消毒) them.“I'm really starting to get scared now，” Annie told
Greg as the reality set in.A neighbor, checking on the Smiths, sent an email to their
apartment complex's message board asking for help.Within 30 minutes, at least 15
people showed up, including medical trainees from the complex.
Meanwhile, the couple had been continuously dialing 911 but never got an
answer.Finally, a call to the director of Annie's fellowship program led to action.The
director's father, who lived near a fire station, walked there to explain the situation.
Around noon, a rescue truck arrived.By then, the water had reached to a formidable
level that the vehicle couldn't get close.The Smiths' neighbors and firefighters formed
a human chain to help Annie Smith to the back of the flatbed truck.“I held onto them
one person at a time，” she said, moving on her hands and knees along their arms
until she reached the ladder safely.She sat on a blanket in the truck, a shower curtain
over her head, as they drove through the flood.
The Smiths arrived at Texas Children's Hospital about 15 minutes later.An hour later,
their daughter Adrielle was born, weighing 7 pounds, 6 ounces.The couple, exhausted
but relieved, appreciated the neighbors and firemen who had come to their aid.“It
was absolutely incredible how many people responded and were out in the rain trying
to help us，” Annie said.
8．Why did the Smiths at first prepare for a home birth?
A．The hospital was inaccessible.
B．Drivers were hard to reach.
C．They were suggested by doctors.
D．The emergency services were off duty.
9．Who played a crucial role in calling the rescue truck?
A．A neighbour.
B．Greg's mother.
C．A medical trainee.
D．The director's father.
10．What does the underlined word “formidable” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Scary.
B．Awesome.
C．Average.
D．Normal.
11．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To record an unforgettable disaster.
B．To remember the respected firemen.
C．To praise the love within the community.
D．To raise funds for Annie's fellowship program.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一对医生夫妇在飓风洪水
中，因医院无法到达而准备在家分娩，最终在邻居和消防员的帮助下成功获救
并诞下女儿的感人故事。
【解析】
8．A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With the roads underwater, the two-mile
drive to the hospital was impossible.”可知，由于道路被水淹没，医院无法到达，
所以史密斯一家最初准备在家分娩。
9．D 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Finally, a call to the director of Annie's
fellowship program led to action.The director's father, who lived near a fire station,
walked there to explain the situation.”可知，这位主任的父亲住在消防站附近，
他步行到那里解释了情况。由此可知，这位主任的父亲在联系救援卡车的过程
中起到了关键作用。
10．A 词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Around noon, a rescue truck arrived.By
then, the water had reached to a formidable level that the vehicle couldn't get close.”
可知，画线单词后的同位语从句对level 进行解释，洪水到了车辆无法靠近的程
度，由此可知，洪水水位高得吓人，阻碍了车辆靠近。
11．C 写作意图题。结合全文内容，尤其是最后一段中“The couple, exhausted
but relieved, appreciated the neighbors and firemen who had come to their aid.‘It
was absolutely incredible how many people responded and were out in the rain trying
to help us，’ Annie said.”可知，这对夫妇非常感激前来帮助他们的邻居和消
防员。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是赞美社区内的互助与爱心。
D
(2025·四川省巴中市高三一模)
In today's fast-paced world, joy can often feel hard to find.However, Zadie Smith
offers a refreshing perspective on the concept of joy and its significance in our lives,
in her essay Joy.Through a blend of personal anecdotes, literary references, and
thought-provoking insights, Smith explores the complexities of joy and its
relationship to happiness.
Smith explores the definition and perception of joy, distinguishing it from happiness,
which originates from internal contentment rather than external circumstances.She
finds joy in small pleasures of life, such as interactions with a child or observing daily
routines.While society often views joy as short-lived or shallow, prioritizing grand
achievements and material pursuits, Smith challenges this notion, arguing that joy in
simple things significantly enhances our well-being.
One of the key aspects of Smith's essay is her exploration of the role of literature in
capturing and conveying joy.She claims that by immersing ourselves in the stories and
experiences of others, we can broaden our horizons and find joy in the shared human
experience.This insight emphasizes the importance of storytelling and the arts in
fostering a sense of joy and connection in society.
Smith also digs into how identity shapes our understanding of joy, reflecting on her
multicultural background and its influence on her views.She highlights how joy is
often rooted in cultural legacy and individual experiences, emphasizing the value of
embracing diverse identities.
Furthermore, Smith examines the role of community and social connections in
fostering joy.She argues that joy is often connected with our relationships and the
sense of belonging we get from them.Sharing laughter or celebrating together with
others can make our joy stronger and build a sense of community.
Zadie Smith's essay Joy offers an exploration of joy and its significance in our lives
and encourages us to reevaluate our understanding of joy and seek its presence in our
everyday lives.
12．How does Smith think people can find joy?
A．By appreciating ordinary moments of daily life.
B．By achieving great success and acquiring wealth.
C．By seeking contentment in external circumstances.
D．By focusing on personal growth through self-reflection.
13．What role does literature play in pursuing joy?
A．It provides entertainment for society.
B．It distracts us from problems.
C．It promotes understanding of others.
D．It helps us find life's meaning.
14．What influences our view of joy according to Smith?
A．Financial status and social recognition.
B．Cultural heritage and social relationships.
C．Professional success and personal value.
D．Physical health and educational background.
15．What's the text?
A．A commentary.
B．A news report.
C．A book review.
D．A personal narrative.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。探讨了Zadie Smith 在其文章《快乐》中对
快乐的独特见解，并分析了文学、文化身份、社区联系对快乐的影响。
【解析】
12．A 细节理解题。根据第二段中“She finds joy in small pleasures of life, such
as interactions with a child or observing daily routines.”可知，Smith 认为人们可以
从日常生活的普通瞬间中找到快乐。
13．C 细节理解题。根据第三段中“She claims that by immersing ourselves in
the stories and experiences of others, we can broaden our horizons and find joy in the
shared human experience.”可知，在追求快乐中，文学能够帮助人们理解他人。
14．B 细节理解题。根据第四段中“She highlights how joy is often rooted in
cultural legacy and individual experiences, emphasizing the value of embracing
diverse identities.”以及倒数第二段中“She argues that joy is often connected with
our relationships and the sense of belonging we get from them.”可知，Smith 认为
是文化背景和社交关系影响人们对快乐的看法。
15．A 语篇类别题。根据第一段“In today's fast-paced world, joy can often feel
hard to find.However, Zadie Smith offers a refreshing perspective on the concept of
joy and its significance in our lives, in her essay Joy.Through a blend of personal
anecdotes, literary references, and thought-provoking insights, Smith explores the
complexities of joy and its relationship to happiness.”以及文章围绕Smith 的文章
展开分析与评论， 属于评论性文章。
【限时训练】（限时：40 分钟）
推理判断类
A
(2025·重庆市高三一模)
Dragons, mythical creatures of power and magic, have captured the imagination of
people across cultures for centuries.However, the perception and symbolism of
dragons differ significantly between Eastern and Western cultures.
In the East, particularly in China, the dragon is a respectable symbol of power,
strength, and good luck.It is often associated with the elements of water and is
believed to have the ability to control rain and floods.The Chinese dragon most
resembles a snake, and has four claws and no wings.It also represents the imperial
power, so ancient Chinese emperors decorated their clothes with dragon patterns,
which were known as dragon robes.The dragon is often used in traditional art and
festivals in China, such as the Dragon Boat Festival.Many Chinese view the dragon as
a national representative, thus proudly referring to themselves as “Generations of
the Dragon”．
In contrast, Western dragon culture portrays dragons as fearsome, fire-breathing
creatures that spread violence and terror throughout the land.They are typically shown
with large, bat-like wings, sharp claws, and a long tail.Western dragons are known for
guarding vast piles of gold and jewels and are often defeated by heroes in various
stories.They symbolize chaos and destruction, and their defeat is seen as a triumph of
good over evil.
Despite these differences, dragons in both cultures are seen as powerful and wise
beings.They are a source of fascination and have inspired countless stories, art, and
even modern-day movies and games.The dragon's ability to fly and its connection to
the element make it a symbol of freedom and have the ability to overcome
obstacles.Today, dragons continue to evolve, exceeding traditional boundaries and
finding new significance in global culture.They are no longer associated with evil or
good, but rather as complex characters with their own unique personalities and
motivations.
1．What do western and eastern dragons have in common?
A．They are intelligent and powerful.
B．They are in the shape of snakes.
C．They have rough skin and tails.
D．They have big claws and wings.
2．Why do Chinese call themselves as “Generations of the Dragon”？
A．They can see dragons everywhere in China.
B．They regard the dragon as a symbol of China.
C．Dragons are considered as mythical creatures in China.
D．Chinese emperors' clothes were decorated with dragons.
3．What roles do dragons play in modern global culture?
A．They symbolize both good and evil.
B．They are still associated with disasters.
C．They represent freedom and destruction.
D．They are seen as comprehensive characters.
4．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To compare Eastern and Western dragons.
B．To show the evolution of dragons in literature.
C．To highlight cultural differences between East and West.
D．To argue for the importance of dragons in modern society.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了东西方关于龙的不同文化
象征和意义，以及它们在现代全球文化中的演变。
【解析】
1．A 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Despite these differences, dragons in both
cultures are seen as powerful and wise beings.”可知，西方龙和东方龙的共同之处
在于它们都被认为具有智慧和力量。
2．B 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Many Chinese view the dragon as a national
representative, thus proudly referring to themselves as ‘Generations of the
Dragon’．”可知，中国人自称“龙的传人”是因为他们将龙视为中国的象
征。
3 ．D 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ Today, dragons continue to evolve,
exceeding traditional boundaries and finding new significance in global culture.They
are no longer associated with evil or good, but rather as complex characters with their
own unique personalities and motivations.”可知，龙在现代全球文化中被视为综
合性角色。
4．C 写作意图题。根据第一段“Dragons, mythical creatures of power and
magic, have captured the imagination of people across cultures for centuries.However,
the perception and symbolism of dragons differ significantly between Eastern and
Western cultures.”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是通过比较东西方文化中的
龙，强调东西方文化差异。
B
(2025·浙江省杭州市高三二模)
Part of STEM learning is seeing and doing, and then recording and analyzing the
results.But not all online or homeschool programs are set up to accommodate science
experiments or other STEM learning activities.Let's take a look at a few mind-
blowing labs that can help bring STEM topics alive for your child's online school
experience.
Weather Laboratories
To make learning about weather accessible and fun, the National Oceanic and
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) created a lot of informative weather activities
and virtual labs they recommend for students and educators.In fact, their weather
science content for kids features a Weather Lab application that allows middle school
students to predict weather patterns, and learn what happens when ocean currents and
air masses interact.
Simulations(模拟) for Science and Math
It is a project of the University of Colorado Boulder and one of the richest single
databases of online science interactives and virtual labs.Investigate more than 150
physics, chemistry, math, biology, and Earth science topics.Available in dozens of
languages, the interactives are searchable by grade level, subject, and accessibility.
Space Exploration Simulations
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) features many STEM
learning activities for students in grades K-12.The interactive simulations are also
gamified and make learning engaging and fun for your child.The app allows users to
explore the universe and unlock stories of trailblazing scientists and their
contributions to space exploration and science.
5．Who are the intended readers?
A．Parents.
B．Students.
C．Teachers.
D．Researchers.
6．What makes Simulations for Science and Math different from the other labs?
A．It covers the most subjects.
B．It has a translation centre.
C．It offers gamified learning experiences.
D．It provides multiple tools for recording.
7．What do all the three labs have in common?
A．They centre on problem solving skills.
B．They facilitate advanced scientific research.
C．They provide virtual scientific exploration.
D．They help students with STEM projects from school.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些能让孩子在线学习
STEM 课程时更生动有趣的实验室，包括气象实验室、科学与数学模拟实验
室、太空探索模拟实验室。
【解析】
5．A 读者对象题。根据第一段中“But not all online or homeschool programs
are set up to accommodate science experiments or other STEM learning
activities.Let's take a look at a few mind-blowing labs that can help bring STEM
topics alive for your child's online school experience.”可知，文章介绍这些实验室
是为了孩子的在线学习，所以目标读者是家长。
6．A 细节理解题。根据Simulations (模拟) for Science and Math 中的“It is
a project of the University of Colorado Boulder and one of the richest single databases
of online science interactives and virtual labs.Investigate more than 150 physics,
chemistry, math, biology, and Earth science topics.Available in dozens of languages,
the interactives are searchable by grade level, subject, and accessibility.”可知，科学
和数学模拟涵盖多个学科，而其他实验室未提及如此广泛的学科范围。
7．C 细节理解题。根据Weather Laboratories 中的“In fact, their weather
science content for kids features a Weather Lab application that allows middle school
students to predict weather patterns, and learn what happens when ocean currents and
air masses interact.”可知，气象实验室有虚拟实验室让学生预测天气模式；
Simulations (模拟) for Science and Math 中的“It is a project of the University of
Colorado Boulder and one of the richest single databases of online science
interactives and virtual labs.”可知，科学和数学模拟是在线科学互动和虚拟实验
室数据库；Space Exploration Simulations 中的“The interactive simulations are
also gamified and make learning engaging and fun for your child.”可知，太空探索
模拟实验室有互动模拟，让用户探索宇宙。综上所述，它们都提供了虚拟科学
探索。
C
(2025·河北省唐山市高三一模)
To maintain and improve the UK's rail facilities, Network Rail has to carry out regular
planned engineering work.The work is normally done at weekends, on bank holidays
and after 22：00 during the week, but it may also affect our services at other times.
In some cases, timetables will not be confirmed until less than the usual 12 weeks
before travel.You can book tickets in advance.Please note there are only a limited
number of tickets assigned per journey, and our Advance fares are available up until
23 ：59 the day before you travel.If you buy an Advance ticket for a train that is
subsequently changed or cancelled, we will return your money.
Revised late night early morning Southeastern services from Monday 20 to
Friday 24 January.
Date：20 January – 24 January 2025
Routes affected：Various Southeastern services
Engineering work is taking place at various locations on the Southeastern network,
closing some lines overnight from Monday evening until Friday morning.
Monday to Thursday：
The 22 ：45 London Charing Cross to Hastings (Monday, Tuesday and Thursday
only) will run non stop between Tunbridge Wells and St Leonards Warrior Square.
From 23 ：45 until the end of service accessible buses replace trains between
Tunbridge Wells and Hastings and will run between Tunbridge Wells and St Leonards
Warrior Square/Hastings (calling at Wadhurst, Battle & West St Leonards)
Tuesday and Wednesday：
The 00：26 London Cannon Street to Dartford through Greenwich will be rerouted to
run through Bexleyheath.An accessible bus will run between London and Dartford
Greenwich.
Wednesday and Thursday：
The 23：24 London St Pancras International to Margate through Canterbury West
service will be replaced by an accessible bus between Minster and Margate calling at
all stations except Dumpton Park.
Please be advised that replacement vehicles may be busier than usual, and you should
allow extra time for your journey.
8．What type is the text?
A．Guide.
B．Report.
C．Proposal.
D．Notice.
9．How many days does the engineering work last?
A．5.
B．4.
C．3.
D．2.
10．Which station does the London Cannon Street to Dartford rail route skip?
A．Dartford.
B．Bexleyheath.
C．Greenwich.
D．Dumpton Park.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了英国铁路网络为维护和改
进铁路设施而进行的定期工程工作，特别是东南铁路在特定日期和时间段内的
服务变动情况，包括列车取消、改道及替代公交服务等信息。
【解析】
8．D 语篇类别题。根据第一段中“To maintain and improve the UK's rail
facilities, Network Rail has to carry out regular planned engineering work.”和接着
文章详细介绍了工程工作的具体时间、受影响的路线以及替代交通安排等信息
可知，这是一篇关于铁路工程工作及其对相关列车服务影响的通知。
9．A 细节理解题。根据文中“Revised late night early morning Southeastern
services from Monday 20 to Friday 24 January.”和“Engineering work is taking
place at various locations on the Southeastern network, closing some lines overnight
from Monday evening until Friday morning.”可知，工程工作从周一晚上开始，
一直持续到周五早上，总共5 天。
10．C 细节理解题。根据Tuesday and Wednesday 部分的“The 00：26
London Cannon Street to Dartford through Greenwich will be rerouted to run through
Bexleyheath.An accessible bus will run between London and Dartford Greenwich.”
可知，原本的铁路路线是经过格林威治的，但现在改道了，所以跳过了格林威
治站。
