专题01 动词的时态和语态及主谓一致
目录
第一部分 风向速递 洞察考向，感知前沿
第二部分 分层突破 固本培优，精准提分
A 组·保分基础练
题型01 时态、语态及主谓一致考点综合练（单句语法填空）（原创&最新模拟）
题型02 时态、语态及主谓一致考点综合练（单项选择）（最新模拟&原创）
B 组·抢分能力练
题型03 重难创新练（语法填空）
第三部分 真题验证 对标高考，感悟考法
1．
【考查时态语态及主谓一致的综合·Structure 名词动用】 （2026·河北省邯郸市等3
地高三联考）The pavilion 39 (structure) into three themed sections, each illustrating a distinct
dimension of China’s sustainability ethos (理念): Harmony Between Humanity and Nature, Green Mountains and
Clear Waters, and Endless Vitality.
【答案】is structured
【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意：展馆分为三个主题部分，每个部分都展示了中国可持续发展精神的
不同维度：天人合一、绿水青山、生生不息。本句缺少谓语，structure 作本句中作谓语，主语The pavilion
和structure 之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数。故填is structured。
2．
She often (study) in the evening, and yesterday she (finish) her homework
early.
【答案】studies； finished
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她经常在晚上学习，昨天她很早就完成了作业。根据第一个空格前
的often 可知，此处描述经常发生的动作，应该用一般现在时；主语是she，谓语动词应该用三单形式
studies。根据第二个空格前的时间状语yesterday 可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应该用一般过去时，finish
用过去式finished。故填studies；finished。
3．
【倒装句中时态及主谓一致】（2026·黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市齐市地区普通高中联考）Hidden in
the mountains of China’s Guizhou Province 36 (be) many small villages populated by Miao, Dong and
other minority groups.
【答案】are
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在中国贵州省的群山中，隐藏着许多居住着苗族、侗族和其他少数
民族的小村庄。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，句子是倒装句，主语是many small villages，是复
数，因此空格处用are，故填are。
4．
【倒装句中时态及主谓一致】（2026·湖南省长沙市长郡中高三上学期月考）The documentary
uses “the greatest” to describe Du Fu, not only in China, but also in the scope of world literature, putting him
alongside Dante and Shakespeare, and pointing out that there 39 (be) no such figure in the West as Du
Fu.
【答案】is
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这部纪录片用 “最伟大” 来形容杜甫，不仅在中国，而且在
世界文学范围内，将他与但丁、莎士比亚相提并论，并指出西方没有像杜甫这样的人物。此处陈述客观事
实，需用一般现在时；there be 句型中，be 动词的单复数形式需根据后面的主语判断，figure 为单数名词，
be 动词用is。故填is。
5.
【主语被插入语分隔后容易被忽视】（2026·重庆市第一中学校高三上学期10 月月考）
Mooncakes are a symbol of unity, heritage, and celebration in Chinese culture. These round or square pastries, as
the integral part of the Mid-Autumn Festival, 56 (fill) with lotus seed paste, red bean paste, or other rich
fillings.
【答案】are filled
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：这些圆形或方形的糕点是中秋节不可或缺的一部分，里面填满了莲蓉馅、
红豆馅或其他丰富的馅料。主语“these round or square pastries” 与“fill”是被动关系，陈述客观事实用一般
现在时，谓语用复数。故填are filled。
6．
【找准真正主语是关键】（2026·重庆市第一中学校高三月考）The outer crust of mooncakes
also 62 (vary), with Cantonese-style mooncakes featuring a thin, tender crust, while Suzhou-style
mooncakes boast a flaky, layered exterior.
【答案】varies
【解析】考查时态。句意：月饼的外皮也有不同的种类，比如广式月饼的外皮薄而柔软，而苏式月饼则有
着酥脆、层次分明的外壳。主语“the outer crust”为单数，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语用三单形式。
故填varies。
7.
【动名词短语作主语】（2026·山东省潍坊市高三上学期开学）After breakfast, I carry all of my
food and supplies with me and set out again. I cannot register a complaint about today being, much like yesterday,
filled with toughness across this challenging land. Being in such a beautiful and wild place 45 (make) me
feel blessed to be alive.
【答案】makes
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：身处这样一个美丽而荒凉的地方，让我觉得活着是一种幸运。句子
描述的是作者当下的感受，应用一般现在时；主语“Being in such a beautiful and wild place”为动名词短语，
视为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填makes。
8．
（2026·海南省高三上学期学业水平诊断（一））The first edition of the dictionary, which
included 200,000 entries, 41 (publish) in two parts. Volume one came out in 1989 and volume two in
1991. A compact edition came out in 1993. The second edition came out as a single volume in 2007.
【答案】was published
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：词典的第一版包括20 万个词条，分两部分出版。publish(出版)
是主句谓语动词，与主语“The first edition of the dictionary”之间是被动关系，结合included 可知，讲述过
去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，be 动词用was。故填was published。
9．
【2025 天津高考题改编】The reading materials________ （ print）before the training began, so
that everyone had a copy.
【答案】had been printed
【解析】考查时态语态。句意：这些阅读材料在培训开始前就已经印好了，因此每个人都能拿到一份。
“打印阅读材料”发生在“培训开始”之前，“began”是过去式，过去的过去需用过去完成时（had + 过
去分词），且主语与谓语构成被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been printed。
10．
【2025 天津高考题改编】Although it has been proved that Benjamin Franklin’s
experiment took place, more than one scientist________（question） what really happened.
【答案】has questioned
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：尽管富兰克林做实验一事已被证实，但不止一位科学家对当时究竟
发生了什么提出了质疑。陈述过去动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，主语为“more than one+名词”，
谓语动词为单数形式。故填has questioned。
01 时态、语态及主谓一致考点综合练（单句语法填空）
1.
（2026·黑龙江省龙东十校联盟高三上学期期中）Later on, the story of Jane Goodall and the chimps
62 (write) into numerous popular books and documentaries.
【答案】was written
【解析】考查动词语态。句意：后来，她和黑猩猩的故事被写进了许多畅销书和纪录片中。由Later on 可
知，句子描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，write“写”与主语the story 是被动关系，用一般过去时的被
动语态，主语the story of her and the chimps 是第三人称单数，be 动词用was。故填was written。
2.
【文化遗产】 （2026·河南省天立教育高三月考）The Yingge dance is a combination of opera,
dance and martial. Typically, the dance is performed during festivals and celebrations, with dancers wearing
colorful costumes and carrying masks, snakes, spears and drums. Its rich history and cultural significance 37
(earn) it the distinction of being classified as a national intangible cultural heritage in China over the past few
decades.
【答案】have earned
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的几十年里，其悠久的历史和文化意义使其获得了中国
国家级非物质文化遗产的称号。根据时间状语“over the past few decades”可知，此处使用现在完成时；主
语“Its rich history and cultural significance”为复数概念，助动词用have。故填have earned。
3．
As it has been many years since I last (use) one, I should hardly be surprised that there
are no longer any public telephones near my house.
【答案】used
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：由于我上次使用公用电话已经有很多年了，所以我对我家附近不再有公用
电话并不感到惊讶。句中“since”引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时（has been），从句需用一般过去
时，表示“自从过去某个动作发生以来”，use 的过去式为used，符合语法规则。故填 used。
4．
（2026·广东省惠州市东江高级中学月考）What (amaze) me most was that the scenery
was much better than I had thought.
【答案】amazed
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：最让我感到惊讶的是，那里的景色比我想象的要美得多。此处为主语从句
的谓语动词，根据主句的谓语动词was 可知，该句描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填amazed。
5．
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature
(solve) problems.
【答案】solved
【解析】考查时态。句意：当约翰·托德还是个孩子时，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解
决问题的。时间状语从句“when John Todd was a child”表明动作发生在过去，因此how 引导的宾语从句应
用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填solved。
6.
（2026·江苏省泰州市靖江市高三上学期11 月期中）During this year’s Spring Festival holiday,
movie theaters 38 (pack) with large audiences, and home appliance stores saw customers lining up in
significant numbers.
【答案】were packed
【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：今年春节假期，电影院挤满了大批观众，家电店的顾客也排
起了长队。根据时间状语During this year’s Spring Festival holiday 可知，动作发生在过去，且主语movie
theaters 与动词pack 之间是被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，主语movie theaters 是复数，be 动词
使用were。故填were packed。
7.（2026·广东省肇庆市高三上学期第一次模拟）The cave temple complex 38 (know) as a gallery of
Eastern statues, due to its particularly complete chronological sequence of statues, built from the Sixteen Kingdoms
period to the Qing Dynasty.
【答案】is known
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：这座洞窟寺庙群被誉为“东方雕塑陈列馆”，因其拥有从十六国时期至
清代极为完整的造像编年序列。空处在句中作谓语，主语The cave temple complex 与know 之间为被动关系，
应用被动语态，且句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语为单数，be 动词应用is。故填is
known。
8.（2026·河北省张家口市第一中学高三期中）Bianzhong first appeared in the Shang Dynasty when 3 to 5 bells
39 (put) together to make music.
【答案】were put
【解析】考查动词时态语态。句意：编钟最早出现在商代，当时将3 至5 个编钟组合在一起演奏音乐。根
据时间状语“in the Shang Dynasty”可知，使用一般过去时，主语3 to 5 bells，和put 为被动关系，需用被动
语态，主语为复数名词，be 动词用were。故填were put。
9.（2026·河南省郑州外国语学校高三月考）She 39 (make) a lifelong decision decades ago to
dedicate herself to maternal and child health, abandoning personal comfort and even marriage.
【答案】made
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：几十年前，她做出了一生的决定，致力于母婴健康事业，放弃了个人的舒
适甚至婚姻。空处为句子谓语动词，根据时间状语decades ago 可知，此处应用一般过去时，make 的过去
式为made，故填made。
10.（2026·湖南省长沙市长郡中高三上学期月考）Praised as “China’ s greatest poet”, Du Fu 37
(introduce) to the Western world in documentary form for the first time in 2020.
【答案】was introduced
【解析】考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：被誉为 “中国最伟大的诗人” 的杜甫，于2020 年首次
以纪录片形式被介绍给西方世界。根据时间状语in 2020 可知，此处使用一般过去时；主语Du Fu 和
introduce 之间为被动关系，需用被动语态；主语为单数名词，be 动词用was。故填was introduced。
11.（2026·江苏省常州市金坛区常州市金坛区第一中学高三月考）Dating back thousands of years in China,
this art 37 (consider) a valuable traditional art, reflecting rich craftsmanship and symbolism.
【答案】is considered
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这项艺术在中国已有数千年的历史，被认为是一项宝贵的传统
艺术，反映了丰富的工艺和象征意义。consider(认为)是谓语动词，与主语this art 之间是被动关系，讲述客
观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is considered。
12. （2026· 辽宁省县域重点高中高三上学期期中）In early 20th century, Hunan Embroidery 44
(reward) many outstanding honors for its unique style at home and abroad and became one of the four famous
embroideries in China
【答案】was rewarded
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：20 世纪初，湘绣凭借其独特风格在国内外荣获多项殊荣，成为中国四大
名绣之一。此空考查谓语动词，事件发生在20 世纪初（过去时间），应用一般过去时；Hunan Embroidery
与reward 之间为被动关系，Hunan Embroidery 为单数形式。故填was rewarded。
13.（2026·江苏省宿迁青华中学高三上学期第二次模拟）Constructed in the late Qing Dynasty as a commercial
hall, it 59 (list) as part of a major historic and cultural site protected at the national level in 2006.
【答案】was listed
【解析】考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：这座建于清末的商业楼于2006 年被列为全国重点文物保护
单位。空处作句子的谓语，根据“in 2006”可知，本句在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，
list“把……列入名单”和主语it 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是it，be 动词应用was。故填was
listed。
14.（2026·陕青晋宁四省高三上学期第一次联考）Not until one enters the immersive zone can the distant past
feel so real. Recreated scenes of pottery-making and farming allow visitors to see, hear and even smell the life of
early settlers. So far, this unique experience 65 (bring) Chinese culture to life.
【答案】has brought
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，这种独特的体验让中国文化栩栩如生。bring(带来)是
谓语动词，根据时间状语“So far”可知，讲述从过去持续到现在的事情，用现在完成时，主语
experience(体验)是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填has brought。
15.（2026·浙江省绍兴市高三上学期一模）Over the years, Dongjiao Minxiang 42 (transform) into a
dynamic area, home to both high-end restaurants and common shops, offering a wide array of food and shopping
experiences.
【答案】has been transformed/has transformed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：多年来，东交民巷已经变成了一个充满活力的地区，既有高档餐厅，也
有普通商店，提供了各种各样的食物和购物体验。根据时间状语Over the years 可知，空处谓语动词需用现
在完成时态，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，因为表示被改变，所以空处谓语动词需用现在完成
时的被动语态：have/has been done，主语是单数Dongjiao Minxiang，所以空处助动词需用has。主语
Dongjiao Minxiang 虽为地点，但在语境中可视为“转变”这一动作的逻辑执行者（体现区域自身的发展变
化），此时可用主动语态。故填has been transformed/has transformed。
02 时态、语态及主谓一致考点综合练
1．
（2026·福建省厦门双十中学高三上学期开学）According to the schedule, the train ______ at 8:00
tomorrow morning, so you ______ to the station by 7:30 at the latest.
A．leaves; should have got
B．will leave; should get
C．leaves; should get
D．will leave; should have got
【答案】C
【解析】考查一般现在时表以及 should 的用法。 句意：根据时刻表，火车明天早上 8 点出发，所以你
最迟应该在 7 点 30 分到达车站。一般现在时，在表示按时刻表、日程表等安排好的将来的动作时，常
用一般现在时表将来，火车按时刻表运行属于这种情况，所以用“leaves”合理。should 是情态动词，意为
“应该”，后接动词原形，而“should have done”表示本应当做某事，但实际上没做，不符合句意。故选C
项。
2．（2026·天津市武清梅厂中学高三月考）The earlier you ________ the new environment, the greater progress
you ________.
A．will adjust to; will go
B．adapt to; go
C．adjust to; will make
D．adapt to; will have made
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和短语辨析。句意：你越早适应新环境，你就会取得越大的进步。“adjust to”和“adapt
to”都有“适应”的意思，都可以使用。取得巨大进步用固定短语make great progress，本句是“the +比较
级，the+比较级”的结构，前半句为条件，所以本句可遵循主将从现的原则，前半句为一般现在时，后半
句为一般将来时，故选C。
3．（2026·天津市小站第一中学高三期中）Critical reasoning together with problem-solving, ________
teenagers to make better decisions.
A．prepare
B．is preparing
C．prepares
D．are preparing
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：批判性思维和解决问题的能力一起，能让青少年做出更好的决定。
根据语境可知，此处描述一般性客观情况，应用一般现在时，由with/together with/along with 连接的名词的
作主语时，谓语动词的单复数和前面的名词保持一致，即“就远原则”，所以此处谓语动词prepare 应与表
单数概念的“Critical reasoning (批判性思维)”一致，应用第三人称单数形式。故选C 项。
4．
（2026·天津市南开中学高三月考）She entered the Brigham Hospital in Boston and________there
for several months, but her condition got worse when she was released.
A．had stayed
B．stayed
C．was staying
D．would stay
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：她住进了波士顿的布里格姆医院，并在那里住了几个月，但出院时她的病
情却恶化了。分析句子结构可知，这里考查谓语动词，She 与stay 为主动关系；根据句中 “entered”（一
般过去时）和“for several months”可知，“住院”是与“进入医院”并列且发生在过去的动作，二者无明
显先后顺序，均需用一般过去时；“for several months”可与一般过去时搭配，表过去持续的一段时间，
stayed 符合语境。故选B 项。
5．
—We have a successful opening ceremony.
—Yes. Our headmaster ______ all the students ______ his good speech.
A．impressed; by
B．has impressed; with C．made; by
D．has made; with
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态和介词。句意：——我们的开幕式很成功。——是的。我们的校长用他的精彩演讲给所
有学生留下了深刻印象。impress...with...表示“用……给……留下印象”，且根据We have a successful
opening ceremony.可知，表示过去动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，故选B。
6．（2026·天津市河西区北师大天津附属中学高三月考）The day that the exchange students had been looking
forward to ________ at last.
A．came
B．coming
C．has come
D．had come
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：交换生们一直期待的那一天终于到来了。分析句子结构可知，本句中that the
exchange students had been looking forward to 为定语从句，修饰主语The day，而本空应填主句的谓语动词，
再由语境可知，主句描述的是“过去某个时间点发生的动作”，需用一般过去时。故选A 项。
7．
（2026·福建省厦门双十中学高三上学期开学）I ______ in London for many years, but I’ve never
regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A．had lived
B．have been living
C．have lived
D．lived
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：我在伦敦住了很多年，但我从来没有后悔最后回中国生活的决定。根据后句
“but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.（但我从来没有后悔我最后的决定，搬回中
国）”可知说话者现已回国，但过去在伦敦居住多年，故应用一般过去时。故选D。
8．（2026·天津市耀华中学高三第一次模拟）The design of the multi-functional table lamp ________ when
Xiaomi managed to popularize it in the home market.
A．was proved successful
B．was proved a success
C．proved being a success
D．proved a success
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词和名词。句意：当小米成功地将这款多功能台灯在国内市场推广开来时，其设计被证明
是成功的。动词prove 作“证明是”可看作连系动词，无被动式，其后可直接接名词作表语；a success“一
件成功的事情”，此处将抽象名词具体化，指“这款多功能的台灯设计是一件成功的事”。故选D。
9．（2026·天津市红桥区天津市第五中学高三月考）David has been focusing on his lessons since he followed
his father’s advice, and he ________ great progress in his study up to now.
A．has made
B．makes
C．had made
D．made
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意：自从David 听从他父亲的建议后，他就一直专注于他的功课，并且到目前为止
他在学习上取得了很大的进步。make great progress“取得很大的进步”。根据up to now“到目前为止”可知，
表示从过去某一时间点开始，一直持续到现在，并可能对现在产生影响，时态用现在完成时，主语he 为第
三人称单数，助动词用has，make 的过去分词为made，谓语用has made。故选A。
10．（2026·天津市滨海新区塘沽一中高三月考）In the past few years, WeChat as well as telephones ________
an important part in our daily communication.
A．has played
B．have played
C．is playing
D．play
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在过去几年里，微信和电话在我们的日常交流中发挥了重要作
用。空处作句子的谓语，结合“In the past few years”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作持续到
现在，as well as 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与第一个主语WeChat 保持一致，因此助动词使
用has。故选A。
11．
（2026·福建省厦门双十中学高三上学期开学）You can join the hiking trip tomorrow on
condition that you ______ all your homework by then.
A．will finish
B．have finished
C．finished
D．are finishing
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意：你明天可以参加徒步旅行，条件是到那时你要完成所有家庭作业。在此处表示
到明天参加徒步旅行这个时间点，已经完成作业，符合 “到那时完成作业才能参加旅行” 的语境。在时
间或条件状语从句中，常用现在完成时代替将来完成时。故选B 项。
12．
When I woke up this morning, I found that my brother ________ all the milk. I had nothing to drink.
A．drinks
B．drank
C．has drunk
D．had drunk
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：当我今天早上醒来时，我发现我的哥哥把所有的牛奶都喝光了。我没有什么可
以喝的了。在宾语从句中作谓语，本题提供了一个过去的参照点“When I woke up this morning(当我今早醒
来时)”以及“I found(我发现)”，结合“I had nothing to drink”可知，“喝光牛奶”这个动作发生在“发现”
之前，是“过去的过去”，从句需用过去完成时（had drunk）。故选D。
13．
（2026·天津市第四十三中学高三月考）I ________ to take a trip to France last winter holiday, but
an unexpected accident ruined my plan.
A．intend
B．have intended
C．would intend
D．had intended
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：去年寒假我本打算去法国旅行，但一场意外打乱了我的计划。分析语境可
知，“打算去旅行”发生在“意外打乱计划”之前，而“打乱计划”用了一般过去时（ruined），所以此
空表示“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时；“had intended to do sth.”，是固定结构，意为“本打算做某事
（但未实现）”，符合语境。故选D 项。
14．
（2026·福建省厦门双十中学高三上学期开学）Jessica ________ to visit her grandma when she
was in Beijing, but she was occupied with work.
A．was intending B．intended
C．has intended
D．had intended
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意：杰西卡原本打算在北京的时候去看望她的奶奶，但她工作太忙了。根据“but
she was occupied with work.”可知，杰西卡原本打算去看望她的奶奶，但是没有去，had intended to do sth.
表示“原本打算做某事（但实际上没做）”符合句意。故选D 项。
15．
（2026·天津市第一中学高三月考）The grassroots football event “Village Super League” ______
rural tourism growth significantly recently, and currently, it ______ over 500,000 visitors monthly.
A．drives; attracts
B．have driven; is attracting
C．drove; attracted
D．has driven; is attracting
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致 。句意：最近，草根足球赛事“乡村超级联赛”带动了乡村旅游的显著增
长，目前每月吸引游客超过50 万人次。由recently 可知，第一空所在句子时态用现在完成时，主语The
grassroots football event “Village Super League”是单数，因此第一空是has driven；由currently 可知，第二空
所在句子时态用现在进行时，主语it 是单数，因此第二空是is attracting。故选D。
Passage 1（动词时态和语态及主谓一致考点语篇练）
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world 1.__________ (open) in London. It
ran for just under seven kilometers and 2.__________ (allow) people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as
they travelled to and from work. It 3.__________ (take) three years to complete and 4.__________ (build) using an
interesting method. This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over the top.
When all those 5.__________ (do), the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 6.__________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the
passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly 7.__________ (prove) to be a great
success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.
Later, engineers 8.__________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道)，which
became 9.__________ (know) as the tube. This development was only possible with the introduction of electric－
powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most successful of these new lines, and was
opened in 1900. It 10.__________ (have) white－painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely
popular with the public.
1．opened 根据In 1863 可知此题应用一般过去时。
2．allowed 根据前半句“It ran for just...”可知，此处应用一般过去时。
3．took 根据句意“它用了三年的时间完成”，故用一般过去时。
4．was built 根据句意“它是用有趣的方式被建造的”，可知此处应为一般过去时的被动语态。
5．had been done 句意：当这一切都做完之后，路面被取代了。根据后面的“was replaced”可知此处指
“过去的过去”，即过去完成时。
6．were used 根据句意“蒸汽机被用来拉车厢……”，可知此处应用被动语态。
7．proved 此处prove 为系动词，意为“后来被发现是”。
8．managed 句意：工程师们设法在深隧道系统中建造铁路。根据上下文语境可知此处应用一般过去时。
9．known be known as “作为……而出名”。
10．had 根据后半句“and proved extremely popular”，可知此处应用一般过去时。
Passage 2（动词时态和语态及主谓一致考点语篇练）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·浙江省绍兴市
高三上学期一模）
Dongjiao Minxiang is a historically significant hutong located in Beijing, China. 1 (Stretch) about
1,500 meters, it lies to the east of Tian’ ammen Square and has developed into a blend of cultural heritage and
modern commerce.
Originaling in the Yuan Dynasty, it served initially 2 a strategic trade and supply center, later
becoming a diplomatic (外交的) hub during the Second Opium War, 3 the hutong opened its doors to
diplomats from different countries. This period 4 (witness) the construction of numerous Western-style
buildings. 5 in the mid-20th century, diplomats were relocated to the Sanlitum area. Despite these
changes, Dongjiao Minxiang keeps its architectural and historical legacy through its 6 (preserve)
buildings and cultural landmarks.
Over the years, Dongjiao Minxiang 7 (transform) into a dynamic area, home to both high-end
restaurants and common shops, offering a wide array of food and shopping experiences. The hutong’s history is
closely associated with significant events and transitions in Beijing, making it 8 fascinating subject for
historians and visitors interested in the architectural and cultural evolution of the capital. Its significance lies in its
9 (continue) adaptation, which makes it not just a historical site, but one of the active
1 0
(participate) in Beijing’s ongoing urban narrative, offering insights into China’s engagement with global influences
across centuries.
【答案】
1．Stretching 2．as 3．when 4．witnessed 5．Later 6．preserved 7．has been
transformed/has transformed 8．a 9．continuous 10．participants
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了北京东交民巷胡同的历史演变、文化意义及现代发展。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：东交民巷是中国北京一条具有重要历史意义的胡同，长约1500 米，位于天安
门广场东侧，现已发展成为文化遗产与现代商业的融合体。空处需用非谓语动词作状语，动词stretch 与主
句主语it 之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词stretching 作状语，句首单词首字母需大写。故填
Stretching。
2．考查介词。句意：它起源于元朝，最初是一个战略性的贸易和供应中心，后来在第二次鸦片战争期间
成为一个外交中心，当时胡同向来自不同国家的外交官敞开了大门。serve as 是固定短语，意为“作为，充
当”，所以空处需用介词as。故填as。
3．考查定语从句。句意：同上。空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Second Opium
War，指时间，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以空处需用关系副词when 引导定语从句。故填
when。
4．考查时态。句意：这一时期见证了许多西式建筑的建造。根据时间状语This period 可知，空处谓语动
词需用一般过去时，表示过去发生的事情，witness 的过去式是witnessed。故填witnessed。
5．考查副词。句意：句意：后来在 20 世纪中期，外交官们被迁往三里屯地区。前文叙述东交民巷在第
二次鸦片战争期间成为外交枢纽的历史，空后讲述后续的外交官迁移事件，需用副词体现时间上的先后承
接关系。later 作副词时意为 “后来、随后”，符合语境。故填Later。
6．考查形容词。句意：尽管发生了这些变化，东交民巷仍通过其保存完好的建筑和文化地标保留了其建
筑和历史遗产。空处需用形容词作定语修饰名词buildings，preserve 的形容词是preserved“保存完好的”。
故填preserved。
7．考查时态和语态。句意：多年来，东交民巷已经变成了一个充满活力的地区，既有高档餐厅，也有普
通商店，提供了各种各样的食物和购物体验。根据时间状语Over the years 可知，空处谓语动词需用现在完
成时态，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，因为表示被改变，所以空处谓语动词需用现在完成时的
被动语态：have/has been done，主语是单数Dongjiao Minxiang，所以空处助动词需用has。主语Dongjiao
Minxiang 虽为地点，但在语境中可视为“转变”这一动作的逻辑执行者（体现区域自身的发展变化），此
时可用主动语态。故填has been transformed/has transformed。
8．考查冠词。句意：胡同的历史与北京的重大事件和变迁密切相关，使其成为对首都建筑和文化演变感
兴趣的历史学家和游客的迷人主题。此处表示“一个迷人的主题”，表示泛指，所以空处需用不定冠词a/
an，fascinating 是以辅音音素开头的单词，所以空处需用不定冠词a。故填a。
9．考查形容词。句意：它的意义在于它不断的适应，这不仅使它成为一个历史遗址，而且是北京正在进
行的城市叙事中的一个积极参与者，提供了对中国几个世纪以来与全球影响的接触的了解。空处需用形容
词作定语修饰名词adaptation，continue 的形容词是continuous“不断的”。故填continuous。
10．考查名词复数。句意：同上。one of the+形容词+名词复数，表示“……之一”，固定搭配，所以空处
需用名词复数participants。故填participants。
Passage 3（动词时态和语态及主谓一致考点语篇练）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·湖南省衡阳市
第八中学高三期中）
Yang Chen-Ning: A Physics Giant
Nobel laureate and towering figure in physics, Yang Chen-Ning, passed away in Beijing at the age of 103.
Tsinghua University, his long-time academic home, announced the news, honoring him 1 “immortal” in
an official obituary (讣告).
Born in 1922, Yang’s academic path was anything but 2 (convention). His most celebrated
achievement came in 1957 when he and Tsung-Dao Lee were awarded the Nobel Prize for their work on parity non-
conservation, 3 discovery overturned a fundamental concept in physics. Furthermore, the Yang-Mills
theory, 4 (develop) with Robert Mills, is now recognized as a cornerstone of the Standard Model.
Beyond his scientific contributions, Yang was a pivotal figure in 5 (bridge) China and the global
scientific community. After returning for 6 landmark visit in 1971, he consistently urged that more
overseas scholars 7 (follow) his example, earning him 8 (recognize) as a pioneer in
facilitating academic exchanges.
In his later years, Yang devoted himself 9 (whole) to education and research at Tsinghua. His
passing marks the conclusion of a century-long life. The university has proposed
1 0
(establish) a museum
in his honor. Yang’s story continues to inspire future generations of scientists worldwide.
【答案】
1．as 2．conventional 3．whose 4．developed 5．bridging 6．a 7．should
follow/follow 8．recognition 9．wholly 10．to establish
【解析】这是一篇人物传记。本文回顾了诺贝尔奖得主、物理学家杨振宁教授的辉煌一生及其不朽贡献。
1．考查介词。句意：他长期任职的学术家园清华大学公布了这一消息，并在官方讣告中称他为“不朽之
人”。这里考查“honor sb. as...”，为固定搭配，意为“授予某人……称号、尊称某人为……”，符合语境。
故填as。
2．考查形容词。句意：1922 年出生的杨振宁，其学术道路绝非传统。所填空前有系动词was 和副词短语
“anything but”（绝非）修饰，需用名词convention 的形容词形式conventional，表“传统的”，符合语境。
故填conventional。
3．考查定语从句。句意：他最著名的成就是1957 年，他与李政道因在宇称不守恒方面的研究获得诺贝尔
奖，这一发现颠覆了物理学中的一个基本概念。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是work on parity non-
conservation，从句中discovery 与先行词为“所属关系”，应用关系代词whose 作定语。故填whose。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，与罗伯特
米尔斯共同研发的杨
・
- 米尔斯理论，如今被公认为标准模
型的基石。此空考查非谓语，The Yang-Mills theory 与develop 之间为被动关系，再由语境可知，应用过去
分词作后置定语。故填developed。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：除了科学贡献外，杨振宁还是连接中国与全球科学界的关键人物。介词in 后
接动名词作宾语，应用bridge 的动名词形式bridging。故填bridging。
6．考查冠词。句意：1971 年进行具有里程碑意义的访问回国后，他一直敦促更多海外学者以他为榜样。
landmark visit，表“具有里程碑意义的访问”，为可数名词单数，这里表泛指，且landmark 以辅音音素开
头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
7．考查虚拟语气。句意：1971 年进行具有里程碑意义的访问回国后，他一直敦促更多海外学者以他为榜
样。“urge(敦促)”后接宾语从句时，从句需用虚拟语气，结构为“should + 动词原形”，should 可省略，
故填(should) follow。
8．考查名词。句意：这使他被公认为促进学术交流的先驱。分析句子结构可知，此空应填名词作动词
earning 的宾语， recognition，表“认可、公认”，为不可数名词，符合语境。故填recognition。
9．考查副词。句意：晚年，杨振宁全身心投入到清华大学的教育和研究工作中。所填空修饰动词
devoted，需用形容词whole 的副词形式wholly，表“完全地、全身心地”，符合语境。故填wholly。
10．考查非谓语动词。句意：清华大学已提议为他建立一座博物馆。分析句子结构可知，这里考查propose
to do sth.，表“计划/打算做某事”，符合语境。故填to establish。
Passage 4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内适当的单词形式（2026·广东省高三上学期
11 月联考）
On the morning of October 19, 2025, a shocking theft took place at the Louvre Museum (卢浮宫) in Paris,
one of the world’s most famous art museums. At around 9:30 a.m., shortly after the museum opened its doors to
visitors, a group of four thieves carried out 1 well-planned crime.
Two of them dressed as workers and entered the museum from the outside using a lift. The other two waited
nearby on a motorcycle, ready 2 help them escape. Within just seven minutes, the thieves broke into the
Apollo Gallery and stole eight pieces of 3 (value) jewelry.
Unluckily, a brave security guard noticed the crime and tried to stop the thieves when 4 set a small
fire to distract others. This unexpected action made the thieves panic, so they 5 (flee) in a rush and left
behind the “Crown of Empress Eugénie”.
After the theft, the police immediately launched an investigation. By November 3, all four suspects were
arrested. Two of them were caught on October 25, and the other two on October 29. They were formally charged on
November 1. According to Paris prosecutors, the suspects were ordinary thieves rather than
6
(profession) criminals from organized groups, and their previous records 7 (bear) no sign of serious
crimes.
So far, the stolen jewelry remains missing. The theft has drawn worldwide attention, reminding people 8
the importance of strengthening security 9 (measure) in famous museums. Many people hope that the
precious jewelry will be returned to the Louvre soon and that the thieves will be brought to
1 0
(just) for
their illegal act.
【答案】
1．a 2．to 3．valuable 4．they 5．fled 6．professional 7．bore 8．of 9．
measures 10．justice
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。2025 年10 月19 日，四名小偷在巴黎卢浮宫实施精心策划的盗窃，偷走八件
珍贵珠宝后匆忙逃窜（遗留一件），四人已被捕但赃物仍失踪，该事件引发全球关注并敲响博物馆安保警
钟。
1．考查冠词。句意：大约在上午9 点30 分，博物馆向游客开放不久，就有一伙四名窃贼实施了一起精心
策划的盗窃行为。此处修饰可数名词crime，表示“一次精心策划的犯罪”，well-planned 以辅音音素开头，
用不定冠词 a。故填a。
2．考查介词。句意：另外两人则在附近骑着摩托车守候着，准备帮助他们逃跑。短语be ready to do sth.表
示“准备好做某事”。故填to。
3．考查形容词。句意：仅仅七分钟之内，这些窃贼就闯入了阿波罗画廊，盗走了八件珍贵的珠宝。修饰
名词jewelry 用形容词valuable。故填valuable。
4．考查代词。句意：不幸的是，一位勇敢的保安发现了这一犯罪行为，并在小偷们点燃小火以分散他人
注意力时试图阻止他们。指代前文的“the thieves”，在从句中作主语，用主格形式they。故填they。
5．考查时态。句意：这一出乎意料的举动让那些盗贼惊慌失措，于是他们匆忙逃走，遗弃了“欧仁妮皇
后皇冠”。动作发生在过去用一般过去时。故填fled。
6．考查形容词。句意：据巴黎检察官称，这些嫌疑人不过是普通的小偷，并非来自有组织犯罪团伙的专
业罪犯，而且他们的过往记录中也没有任何严重犯罪的记录。修饰名词用形容词professional。故填
professional。
7．考查时态。句意：据巴黎检察官称，这些嫌疑人不过是普通的小偷，并非来自有组织犯罪团伙的专业
罪犯，而且他们的过往记录中也没有任何严重犯罪的记录。根据上文their previous records 可知发生在过去
用一般过去时，故填bore。
8．考查介词。句意：这起盗窃事件引起了全球的关注，它提醒人们要重视在著名博物馆加强安全防范措
施的重要性。短语remind sb. of 表示“提醒某人某事”。故填of。
9．考查名词的数。句意：这起盗窃事件引起了全球的关注，它提醒人们要重视在著名博物馆加强安全防
范措施的重要性。measure 作“措施”讲时为可数名词，常用复数形式，表“加强安全措施”。故填
measures。
10．考查名词。句意：许多人希望这些珍贵的珠宝能尽快归还给卢浮宫，并且希望那些盗贼能因他们的非
法行为而受到法律的制裁。作介词的宾语，用名词justice，不可数。故填justice。
Passage 5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·云南省曲靖市第
一中学高三期中）
Food plays a significant role in classic Chinese novels, with one of the most famous examples being Cao
Xueqin’s Dream of the Red Chamber. In this 18th-century novel, food is a key part of the story, revealing details
about characters 1 advancing the plot. The book’s most famous dish, a preparation of eggplant called
qiexiang(茄鲞), is a rich dish that requires 2 (day) to prepare involving steaming eggplant ten times in
soup made from old hens. The dish overwhelms the family’s poor relatives, first with envy, and later, with terrible
discomfort in stomachs.
The novel provides ample 3 (inspire) to today’s cooks. Food bloggers go viral with attempts 4
(recreate) the book’s most famous dishes. “Red Chamber Banquets” pop up in theme restaurants across China, and
indeed worldwide, with the dishes plated in Michelin style.
While most foods 5 (serve) in the novel are made with high skill, they are made with only a few
simple seasonal ingredients. In China’s culinary culture, humble ingredients 6 (prize) because they are in
season. A relative 7 brags ( 吹嘘) about enjoying food out of season is later revealed to have a
dangerously violent temper. A “bad apple,” one might say.
Like all great literature, the enduring popularity of Dream of the Red Chamber comes from 8 (it)
many layers of meaning. Readers can appreciate it 9 an engaging story. The same can also be said about
the food. When we read about it, we can admire the cooking art, mine 10 text for historical clues, or seek
double meanings in every “bite”.
【答案】
1．and 2．days 3．inspiration 4．to recreate 5．served 6．are prized 7．who/that
8．its 9．as 10．the
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过分析《红楼梦》中饮食描写的作用，如刻画人物、推动情节、
反映文化，说明其在文学和烹饪领域的持久影响力。
1．考查连词。句意：在这部18 世纪的小说中，食物是故事的关键部分，它揭示了人物的细节并推动了情
节的发展。空前“revealing details about characters”和空后 “advancing the plot”是并列关系，用并列连词
and 连接两个并列的现在分词短语作状语。故填and。
2．考查名词的数。句意：这本书中最为著名的菜肴是“茄鲞”，这是一种用茄子制作的美食，这道菜味
道浓郁，其制作过程需要数天时间，包括将茄子多次放入由老母鸡熬制的汤中蒸煮。此空在句中作动词
requires 宾语，表示“需要数天时间准备”，day“一天，一日”为可数名词，用复数形式days 表泛指“多
天”，符合“茄鲞制作复杂”的语境。故填days。
3．考查名词。句意：这部小说为当今的厨师们提供了丰富的灵感。作动词provides 宾语，填名词
inspiration“灵感”，为不可数名词。故填inspiration。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：美食博主们纷纷尝试重现该书中最著名的菜肴，迅速在网络上走红。句中
attempts 为名词，固定搭配“attempts to do sth”，表示“做……的尝试”，用不定式作后置定语修饰名词
attempts。故填to recreate。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然小说中所呈现的大多数食物都是经过高超工艺制作而成的，但它们所使
用的原料却只有几种简单的时令食材。While 引导的状语从句中已有谓语动词are made，serve 在句中作非
谓语动词，名词most foods 与serve 是逻辑上的被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语。故填served。
6．考查动词时态和语态。句意：在中国饮食文化中，普通食材因应季而备受珍视。prize 在句中作谓语动
词，此句陈述客观事实，主语humble ingredients 与动词prize 是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主
语为复数名词，故填are prized。
7．考查定语从句。句意：一位曾吹嘘自己能吃到反季节食物的亲戚，后来被发现有着极其危险的暴戾脾
气。此空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词A relative，指人，关系词指代先行词在从句中作主语，此定语
从句用关系代词who/that 引导。故填who/that。
8．考查物主代词。句意：与所有伟大的文学作品一样，《红楼梦》之所以能经久不衰，广受喜爱，源于
其丰富的多重意蕴。修饰名词短语“many layers of meaning”作定语，用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
9．考查介词。句意：读者可以将其当作一个引人入胜的故事来品读。用介词as“作为”，构成介宾结构，
表达“作为一个引人入胜的故事”。故填as。
10．考查冠词。句意：当我们阅读时，既可以品味烹饪艺术之精妙，挖掘文字背后的历史线索，也能在字
里行间品味出“每咬一口”的双关意趣。分析语境可知，text 特指前文提到的《红楼梦》文本，需用定冠
词the 表特指。故填the。
一、单句语法填空
1.
（2025·天津卷）Deng Jiaxian was one of the 23 scientists who _________（award） for their
extraordinary contributions to China’s “two bombs, one satellite” project.
【答案】were awarded
【解析】考查主谓一致和动词语态。句意：邓稼先，是因对中国“两弹一星”工程做出卓越贡献而获奖的
23 位科学家之一。who 引导定语从句，先行词是the 23 scientists（复数名词），关系词who 代替先行词在
从句中作主语，且与award 为被动关系，事情发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，从句用一般过去时的被动
语态。故填were awarded。
2.
（2025·天津卷）The Song Dynasty ________(see)the introduction of jiaozi, which is supposedly
the world’s first paper money.
【答案】saw
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：宋朝见证了交子的出现，交子据说是世界上第一种纸币。see(见证)作主句
谓语，结合“The Song Dynasty”可知，这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填saw。
3.（2024 浙江1 月卷）Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in
packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【答案】 have started
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的两年里，一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装，设计成两半，拆
分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词start 意为“开始”。故填have
started。
4.（2024 新课标I 卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors
through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to
Britain for the first time.
【答案】 walks
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影
响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时
态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden 为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。
5.（2024 全国甲卷）What should 65 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud.
【答案】 be done
【解析】考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what 指物，与谓语
动词do 是被动关系，情态动词should 后接be done 构成被动语态，故填be done。
6.（2024 浙江1 月卷）However, though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages, it would help even
more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs.
【答案】be offered
【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：然而，虽然一包香肠能便宜几美分是件好事，但如果有时
能以小包装出售，那就更好了。动词offer 意为“提供”，和主语构成被动关系，主语they 代指前文中的
sausages。在情态动词could 后动词应用原形。故填be offered。
7.（2024 新课标II 卷）“Some of the things that Tang was writing about __________ (be) also Shakespeare’s
concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo
and Juliet.”
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显
祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语
从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。
8.（2024 新课标II 卷）Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, __________
(build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【答案】was built
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居
仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，
本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以
用被动语态。故填was built。
9.（2024 全国甲卷）They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five
awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15 人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证
那里的自然美景。本空前They 指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870 年，同时联系后文had spent 的过去
完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。
10.（2023 新课标II 卷）As a little girl, I _________ (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.
【答案】wished
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可
知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish 作本句谓语，和主语I 之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew 可知用一般过
去时。故填wished。
11.（2023 北京卷）Up to now, China __________ (establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
【答案】has established
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。由Up to now(到
目前为止)可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语是China，助动词应用has，故填has established。
12.（2023 全国甲卷）Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still
_________ (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【答案】 be employed
【解析】考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们
对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form 与employ 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词
can 后接动词原形。故填be employed。
13.（2023 全国乙卷）Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I _________ (amaze) by the co-
existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.
【答案】was amazed
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的10 年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于
一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为本句谓语动词，根据下文“how a city
was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing.”可知，本句用一般过去时；主语I 和动词
amaze 之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was amazed。
14.（2023 北京卷）Soon after moving to Switzerland, I _________ (throw) a house-warming party and was
greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up exactly on time.
【答案】threw
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：搬到瑞士后不久，我要举办一个乔迁派对，当所有30 位客人都准时出现时，
我感到非常惊讶。根据后文and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 可知，句子陈述过去发生
的事情，应用一般过去时。故填threw。
15.（2023 北京卷）Years later, having moved to France. I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to
find that no other guest _________ (arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
【答案】had arrived
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：多年以后，搬到法国后，我在约定的时间赴宴，却发现没有其他客人到场，
女主人还穿着睡衣。此处表示的动作发生在主句动词turned up 之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成
时。故填had arrived。
16.（2022 北京卷）The use of those plastics
(increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive
if this situation continues.
【答案】has increased
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019 年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，
可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics 为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
17.（2022 全国甲卷）In the last five years, Cao _________ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in
2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s highest mountain.
【答案】 has walked
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的五年中，曹操穿越了六大洲的34 个国家，2016 年，他到达了乞
力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语in the last five years 可知，此处应用现在完成时，主
语Cao 为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。
18.（2022 北京卷）The use of those plastics _________ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive
if this situation continues.
【答案】has increased
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019 年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，
可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics 为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。
19.（2022 浙江1 月卷）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, roughly 200 academics - many of
them climate scientists _________ (promise) to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago.
【答案】have promised
【解析】考查时态。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有
200 个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。根据时间状语“since+过去时间”可知主句应使用现在完成
时，故填have promised。
20.（2022 北京卷）Gas naturally
(have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so
that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
【答案】has
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本
句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas 在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所
以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
21. （2022 新课标I 卷）The GPNP _________ (design)to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the
authenticity and integrity( 完整性)of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological
buffer zones, and leaving behind precious natural assets(资产)for future generations”.
【答案】is designed
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：GPNP 旨在体现“保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性，保护
生物多样性，保护生态缓冲区，为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产”的指导原则。设空处在句中作谓语，和
句子的主语The GPNP 之间为被动关系；叙述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被
动语态，主语单数，谓语单数形式。故填is designed。
22.（2022 浙江卷）To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a
painting _________ (appreciate) by someone who’s blind?
【答案】be appreciated
【解析】考查含有情态动词的被动语态。句意：但是一个盲人怎么能欣赏一幅画呢？主语a painting 与谓语
appreciate 为被动关系，且置于情态动词can 之后，所以本句为含有情态动词的被动语态。故填be
appreciated。
23.（2022 新课标I 卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that __________ (be)
previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to
increase effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有
的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在that 引导的限制性定
语从句中作谓语，先行词为a significant number of areas，先行词在从句中作主语，根据“previously (之前
地)”可知从句的时态应为一般过去时，根据主谓一致，从句主语复数，从句谓语复数形式。故填were。
24.（2022 新课标II 卷）Henry _________ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric
hanging from the balcony.
【答案】 was fixing
【解析】句意：听到尖叫声时，亨利正在修车。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写谓语动词。根据空后的
when he heard the screams，可知，这是“was/were doing…when…”句型，设空处的动作是正在发生的，同
时该句描述的是过去的事实。故使用过去进行时。fix 为动词，意为“修理”，其过去进行时为was
fixing。故填was fixing。
25.（2021 全国甲卷）The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China's long history. It
_________ (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).
【答案】was built
【解析】句意：它最初是为了保护唐代的城市而建造的，现在已经完全修复了。分析句子可知，空格处为
谓语，动词build 和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be done），根据句意和时间状语the Tang
dynasty 可知，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，主语it 为第三人称单数，主谓一致，故填was built。
二、语篇语法填空
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese,
____
1 ____
originated in China more than 4,000 years ago.
Go is one of ____
2 ____
earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white
pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition.
“The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We
hope ____3____ (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with
minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.”
“In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force
them to follow your ’____
4 ____
(guide) till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the
exhibition.
“The players’ personalities ____
5 ____
(reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the
opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always ____
6 ____
(try) to beat the opponent ____
7 ____
no more than one
or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ”
Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ____
8 ____
(strategy) placement
of the pieces, ____
9 ____
the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures,
____
10
____
(digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition.
【答案】1. which 2. the 3. to present 4. guidance 5. are revealed 6. tries 7. by
8. strategic 9. and 10. digitally
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览。
1. which 考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称
为“围棋”），它起源4000 多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in
Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which 引导。故填which。
2. the 考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。
3. to present 考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并
与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do
sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。
4. guidance 考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。
此处作follow 的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。
5. are revealed 考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给
对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities 与动词reveal“揭示，显
示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be 动词用are。故填are
revealed。
6. tries 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对
方的尊重。根据always 可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner 为第三人称单
数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。
7. by 考查介词。句意同上。“by+具体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分的优势”，
符合语境。故填by。
8. strategic 考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步
棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰
名词placement，需用形容词strategic“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic。
9. and 考查连词。句意同上。the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic
placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move 三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以空处需用连
词and。故填and。
10. digitally 考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故
填digitally。
