一模前专题练05 阅读七选五之说明文
【选裁特点】
年份
卷别
体裁
题材
段首设空
段中设空
段尾设空
2025
全国一卷
记叙文
咖啡馆里平凡英雄
0
4
1
全国二卷
说明文
家人同参志愿活动
2
2
1
2024
新高考全国I 卷
说明文
使用英语词典心得
1
4
0
新高考全国II 卷
说明文
如何避免过度旅游
1
3
1
2023
新高考全国I 卷
说明文
自我宽恕增强自信
0
4
1
新高考全国II 卷
说明文
开启艺术之旅建议
1
3
1
从三年高考阅读七选五命题所选的体裁来看，说明文占绝对多数，记叙文仅有一篇。从其设空的位置
(段首空为5 空、段中空为20 空、段尾空为5 空)来看，命题人特别注重的还是对段中空的设置。一般来
说，段中空越多，难度就越大。因为解段中空，需要考生瞻前顾后。全国一卷和新高考I 卷段中设空三年
都保持在4 空，这说明一卷/I 卷阅读七选五难度保持相对稳定。
【解题难点】
说明文体裁的七选五的难点与说明文体裁的阅读理解题的难点有类似的地方，但是有所区别，因为两
种题型所考查的侧重点不同。说明文体裁的七选五更加侧重考查考生对文本整体内容和结构以及上下文逻
辑意义的理解和掌握。另外，说明文体裁七选五的篇幅明显小于说明文体裁的阅读理解题，阅读难度相对
略低。
1. 整体把握文本内容难：说明文的总体结构通常分为三个部分(说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结)，作
者在其说明对象和说明过程中，往往叠加了许多信息构成比较长的句子，加上考生有关背景知识的缺乏(说
明文往往涉及某个特定的领域<如，涉及科技领域的最新发展>，如果考生对于这个领域的相关知识不甚了
解，就会导致在理解文本内容时产生困惑)，给考生快速理解文本，明确文章的主题、抓住关键信息带来较
大的难度；
2. 理清文本篇章结构难：说明文的段落组织结构比较复杂(参看本系列专题一模前专题练02 阅读四选
一《解题锦囊》中的有关内容)，给考生在短时间内理清文章的总体结构，理清各个段与段之间，段内上下
文之间的内在联系、逻辑关系带来较大的难度；
3. 甄别两个干扰选项难：七选五其中两个干扰项与其余五个备选项中的一个选项往往具有相似性，极
具迷惑性(跟文本内容的一处乃至不止一处貌合神离)，给考生在短时间内甄别出两个干扰选项带来一定的
难度。而且更为可怕的是，一旦甄别有误，会引发连锁反应，大概率误选就不止一题。
【解题锦囊】
针对说明文体裁的七选五题型的解题。
一、读文研题抓关键
研读文本和备选项，抓住其中的关键部分。
1. 理清文本结构：关注记叙文的情节发展和六大要素、关注说明文的文本结构和说明对象、说明过程和
归纳总结；
2. 提炼主旨大意：全文所讲的主题是什么；
3. 再读各段首句：段落首段多起到引入话题和引起下文的作用；段落首句多为段落的主题句。尽可能多
的记住文章的主要信息；
4. 细析空格前后：标画出关联词，特别是各种表逻辑关系的连词，代词；细析空格前后的句式结构。
5. 快读七个选项：快速阅读七个选项，并标画出关键词，特别是代词，连词，同时注意选项的句式结
构。
二、精准匹配定答案
1. 借助空位位置精准匹配定答案：根据空格所在位置判断考向，根据考向选择答案；
2. 借助关键词汇精准匹配定答案：根据备选项中的关键词汇与文本进行比对定答案；
关键词汇主要来自于两个方面：一是词汇的复现，即寻找复现的词汇，这些词在文章中上下文的不
同位置对同一概念进行重复描述，以保证前后衔接，主要包括：原词复现、同义词/近义词复现、反
义词复现、上下义词/同一范畴词线索(上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者
是前者的一个子集)等；二是代词的指代，一般是指代空格前面或后面提到的名词，并巧妙利用这种
指代关系解题。
3. 借助逻辑关系精准匹配定答案：此类题目一般在段中设题，主要考查上下句之间的逻辑关系，如并
列或递进、转折或让步、因果、解释例证等，多以标志词来体现句子之间的联系(参看本系列专题一
模前专题练04 阅读七选五之设空剖析《解段中设空题》中的有关内容)。
【典例】
【演示解题锦囊】
友情提醒：仅供考生自主练习或考试后反思(复盘)时以及教师考后讲评时参考。
【2022·新课标I 卷】
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason
was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read:
“ ___36___ ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微
妙)competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit,
able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your
workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t
result in a useful response. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the
same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session,
and her age. It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, both of you will benefit
— your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core(核心)of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
1. 36, 37, 38, 40 都处在段落的中间，一般来说，在此位置的选项起到承上启下的作用，需要关注空格前
一句和后一句的内容。39 处于段落的末尾，一般末尾句起到总结全段内容或承接上文的作用。
2. 本文为说明文，文本结构为总分总的结构。
3. 本文介绍了有锻炼伙伴的益处和如何找到一个好的锻炼伙伴。
4. 本文第一段引入话题，是有关有锻炼伙伴的益处；
第二段利用一个问句(那么，你如何找到锻炼伙伴呢？)引起下文；
第三段的首句是主题句，是有关决定你想从你的锻炼伙伴身上得到什么；
第四，五段是有关在哪里，用什么方式寻找锻炼伙伴；
最后一段是文章的总结，是有关你和你的锻炼伙伴都有着不同的技能，会起到互相帮助的作用。
5. 36 题前，One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,”
while
another read: “___36___”，其中one…another(一个……另一个)，前后肯定有关联，而且后面都为直接引
语，句式结构可能相同或相似。同时标画出代词you，36 题中主语也应该是you，而且是另一个原因。
在37 空后面标画出or，or 为并列连词，说明前后为并列关系，在语义上构成选择关系；or 后是一般疑
问句，那么37 空应该也是一个一般疑问句。
6.备选项中的关键信息
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkwar
d .
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information. (其中such 指代前文提到的内容，很关
键)
1
(2026 届重庆名校联盟高三第一次联考)
How to Deal with Impossible People
Most people know someone who seems to make every situation a negative and unmanageable one.
___36___, as they likely don’t see a problem with their behavior. Here are tips to help you navigate interactions
with these people.
Avoid getting defensive. Stay calm, and be aware that you will never win in an argument with impossible
people — they are referred to as “impossible”for a reason. In their mind, you are the problem. ___37___. They’ve
already decided that your opinion doesn’t matter and your defence is a decorative evidence.
Adjust your strategy. ___38___, so treat it like a game. Learn the impossible person’s strategy, and develop
counter strategies ahead of time. Eventually you’ll find what works and what doesn’t, plus you’ll probably feel
better as you realize you’ re three steps ahead, outwitting(智胜)them at every turn. Just remember your ultimate
goal is to help free yourself mentally, not become the person’s master.
___39___. Impossible people offer valuable life experiences. After dealing with them, you will be able to get
along with most other people more easily. Try to keep perspective, and realize that what may seem crazy to you
may be another person’s only way of coping. Try to view these interactions as a way to build strengths such as
flexibility, grace, and tolerance.
Watch out for picking up impossible people’s characteristics. You tend to pick up on the behavior of those
around you. For this reason, you could find yourself adopting the very characteristics that you dislike by accident.
You may engage in the same illogical behavior in response to the impossible person. ___40___.
A. Accept the situation
B. Consider what you can learn
C. Catch yourself when you start to do this
D. Sometimes you can’t leave the situation
E. So nothing you say can convince them to see your side of the story
F. Pointing out that these people are difficult and demanding won’t help
G. An impossible person is convinced that they have already made a mistake
2
(2026 届福建省福州市高三上学期一模)Whether you buy art for your home or admire it in galleries and
museums, establishing your taste is a personal journey. There are countless commercial galleries, museums, and
increasingly accessible platforms like social media. ___36___ Here are some tips from leading art collectors on
how to develop your taste.
One of the surest ways to establish your artistic interests is to look at as much art as you can. Go to museum
exhibitions and to galleries. Read art magazines. See an exhibition even if it is not a period you would ever take an
interest in. You will learn to appreciate quality, and your eye will see what great art is. ___37___
The process of developing artistic taste involves multiple dimensions that go beyond simple visual
appreciation. “I sit with the piece and pay attention to how it settle s in me—my throat, my stomach. ___38___”
said Shaokao Cheng, co-founder of a luxury design company. As he grew his personal collection, Cheng
approached art not for its potential financial gain, but rather how it makes him feel.
___39___ Getting to know them and their stories can expand your experience as a collector and enthusiast.
Reaching out directly to the artists builds a personal connection to the piece, making the work feel not just seen, but
understood.
Study the art market, but not too closely. ___40___ While understanding market dynamics can be helpful,
the most rewarding aspects of art appreciation come from genuine personal connections with artworks and their
creators.
A. Artists are the lifeblood of the art world.
B. Then in time, you will find something that you love.
C. These provide a wealth of places to engage with art.
D. I always go to museums and galleries to see art exhibitions.
E. That physical response shows more than any trend ever could.
F. Market research is secondary to personal connection with artworks.
G. Online markets have overturned how people appreciate and buy art.
3
(2026 届黑龙江省大庆市高三上学期一模)
Spending Time Outdoors Improves Health
You don’t need extreme diets or painful workout routines to boost your well-being. Try research-backed
rules developed by neuroscientist(神经学家)Rachel Hopman of Northeastern University to improve mental and
physical health through time spent outdoors. ___36___
●Get out in nature for 20 minutes. Research shows this is the sweet spot for lowering cortisol, your body’s
primary stress stimulator. Better yet, you don’t need to sweat it out — just sit or walk in a natural setting, bathed in
sunlight. However, Dr. Mary Hunter, lead author of the study, emphasizes the importance of disconnecting during
these moments. ___37___ Think of it as a mini escape from artificial stuff, designed to reset your stress levels.
●Aim for five hours a month in half-wild spaces such as state parks. ___38___ Finnish researchers agree,
finding wilder settings, with their natural “chaos,” help form a sense of calm.
●___39___ Longer exposure to wild landscapes activates alpha brain waves — those linked to deep
thoughts, creativity and deep relaxation, Men’s Health reported. Studies even show profound benefits for mental
health: a four-day wilderness trip can reduce PTSD symptoms by 29 percent and stress by 21 percent. ___40___
So the next time you find yourself needing a “reset,” head outside for a quick lunchtime walk, or plan a
weekend in the woods. Best of all, it’s free, accessible and waiting just outside your door.
A. Remember to listen to some relaxing music.
B. Its effects can even last for weeks afterward.
C. Bury yourself in nature for three days annually.
D. Avoid the use of social media, phone calls, and reading.
E. The approach can be more effective if parents are involved.
F. These environments provide heightened relaxation compared to city parks.
G. These methods emphasize small, manageable steps that can lead to big rewards.
4
(2026 届四川省绵阳市高三上学期第一次诊断)An internship provides students and graduates with
valuable practical experience. Employers often place greater importance on a candidate’s skills, motivation, and
attitude than on their prior experience. ___36___ The first step to getting an internship is finding the right
opportunities. Here are some effective ways to help you search for internships.
___37___ Websites designed for job seekers typically include internship listings too. You can try platforms
like Indeed and Monster. These sites also allow you to set a geographic location for your search, helping you find
internships near you.
Attending career fairs is another effective approach. Schools often host these events, offering various
internships and a chance to make a personal impression and ask questions directly. ___38___ Don’t forget to turn
to your teachers or school staff for help. Teachers and professors often know about hidden internship opportunities.
___39___ If you’re in college, you can also reach out to administrators or staff in your major’s department. It’s best
to approach a teacher you’re familiar with and whose course content interests you.
An internship is not just something to put on your resume. ___40___ If you apply these methods effectively,
you can obtain an internship that offers meaningful experience and a strong start to your professional journey.
A. Ask staff about online internship links.
B. It is the first brick in your future career.
C. Many online resources can simplify your internship search.
D. Remember to bring your resume and present yourself confidently.
E. Finding an internship can be hard, but a good plan makes it easier.
F. Some might know about unadvertised posts or even need help themselves.
G. Social media platforms can also help you connect with industry professionals.
5
(2026 届山东省聊城市百师联盟高三上学期第一次调研)My sister is a three-time breast cancer survivor
who has personally experienced significant loss in her lifetime. ___36___ She is one of the most resilient(有韧性
的)people I know. Her story got me thinking: How does resilience impact overall health and well-being?
Resilience is our ability to bounce back from adversity. It’s defined as “the process and outcome of
successfully adapting to difficult or challenging life experiences, especially through mental, emotional, and
behavioral flexibility.” ___37___ And as it turns out, there are significant health benefits to being resilient.
Physically, resilience contributes to health by reducing the negative impacts of stress on the body. Research
indicates that individuals with higher levels of resilience tend to have lower rates of some diseases, and exhibit
stronger immune system function. ___38___ For example, do exercise regularly and keep a balanced diet, which
further support physical well-being.
Mentally and emotionally, resilience serves as a protective factor against the development of mental health
disorders like anxiety and depression. Resilient individuals are better equipped to manage stress and maintain a
positive outlook. ___39___ Such emotional resilience not only enhances mental health but also improves
relationships, productivity, and overall quality of life. ___40___ Resilient individuals are good at seeking help,
offering assistance, and building strong social networks that serve as valuable resources during challenging times.
These connections provide emotional support and practical assistance, promoting collective well-being.
A. Generally, invest effort in communication.
B. However, she expresses joy and gratitude frequently.
C. But people are not born with high levels of resilience.
D. Socially, resilience strengthens interpersonal connections.
E. This helps them develop greater strength in the face of adversity.
F. Resilient people like my sister find ways to adjust and move forward.
G. Moreover, resilient individuals often engage in healthier lifestyle behaviors.
