专题一 阅读理解
类型二 体裁破解
第5 讲 新闻报道
新闻报道一般突出新闻性，作者要避免对该新闻事件进行主观判断和评
价。新闻报道的内容真实、新鲜、及时，趣味可读，时效性强。第一句往往为
全文的中心句，下文要叙述事件的过程和细节。新闻报道的一些常用语包括：
It is reported that...，As is reported...，According to the report...，It is estimated
that...等，时态一般用过去时，语言客观平实，往往没有过分花哨的词汇和过于
复杂的句型。
【辨明题类】
新闻报道主要是提供事实信息，一般是简单叙述事件发生的五要素及各方反
应，很少探究事件背后的原因。因此，做题时要关注新闻报道的结构和细节，
题型主要为观点推断题、考查语篇衔接、推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容
或主旨归纳题。
【技法点拨】
1．研读导语：首段通常是导语，说明文章的中心人物或事件，即文章的主题。
2．直击题干：判断题目类型，找出定位词。
3．定位信息：根据定位词，在原文中找出关键句，对照选项确定答案。
【真题体验】
(2023·浙江1 月卷·阅读理解C)
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in
debate.Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called
Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former
national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses.It takes sentences from its
library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together.This can lead
to the kinds of errors no human would make.Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed
out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem.As Kristian Hammond, professor of
electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it:
“There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to
what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of
machines.A computer works with symbols.Its program specifies a set of rules to
transform one string of symbols into another.But it does not specify what those
symbols mean.Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.Humans, in thinking,
talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols.But for humans, meaning is
everything.When we communicate, we communicate meaning.What matters is not
just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are
arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation,
interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.The rules that assign
meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory,
social conventions and social relations.It is this that distinguishes humans from
machines.And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the
tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial
intelligence.
28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．To explain the use of a software program.
B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Arguments.
B．Doubts.
C．Errors.
D．Differences.
30．What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?
A．Create rules.
B．Comprehend meaning.
C．Talk fluently.
D．Identify difficult words.
31．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B．The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C．Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【解题示范】 第一步：浏览全文，把握主旨大意：本文是一篇新闻报道，主
要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater 的软件程序。
第二步：细审题干，定位原文：
第28 小题：根据题干主要信息，定位第一段。
第29 小题：根据题干主要信息，定位第二段。
第30 小题：根据题干主要信息，定位倒数第二段。
第31 小题：根据题干主要信息，定位最后一段。
第三步：仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。
在文中找到信息区间后，再仔细对比各选项，确定答案。
【解析】
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a
software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa
Ovadia, Israel's former national debating champion.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩
论中，一个名为Project Debater 的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以
色列前全国辩论冠军Noa Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia 的目
的是展示Project Debater 的聪明。故选B。
29．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some
weaknesses.It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments
and strings them together.This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.
(尽管Project Debater 很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参
数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和
“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，画线词所在句子表示
“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“What Hammond is referring to is the question
of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of
humans from the most intelligent of machines.A computer works with symbols.Its
program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another.But it
does not specify what those symbols mean.Indeed, to a computer, meaning is
irrelevant.(Hammond 所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最
聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为
另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算
机来说，意义是无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammond 的说法，Project Debater
不能理解意义。故选B。
31．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Meaning emerges through a process of social
interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in
our heads.The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside,
in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.(意义的产生是
通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的
内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于外面，存在于社会
记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是
理解符号的关键。故选A。
A
(2025·浙江省衢州、丽水、湖州三地市高三二模)
As the proverb says, a straw shows which way the wind blows.A new study published
by the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that the H5N1
bird flu virus is probably circulating undetected in domestic animals in many parts of
the country and may be infecting unaware vets(兽医)．
In the health agency's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, a group of researchers
from the CDC, the Ohio Department of Health and the American Association of
Bovine Practitioners reported the results of analysis they conducted on 150 cow vets
from 46 states and Canada.They found that three of them had antibodies for the H5N1
bird flu virus in their blood.However, none of the infected vets recalled having any
symptoms, including conjunctivitis, or pink eye, the most commonly reported
symptom in human cases.
Seema Lakdawala, a microbiologist at Emory University in Atlanta, who was not
involved in the research, said she was surprised that only 2% of the vets surveyed
tested positive for the antibodies, considering another CDC study showed that 17% of
dairy workers sampled had been infected.But she said she was even more surprised
that none of them had known they were infected or that they had worked with infected
animals.
“These surprising results indicate that serum surveillance( 血清检测) studies are
important to inform risk of infections that are going unnoticed，” she said.“Vets
are on the front line of the outbreak, and increased biosafety practices like respiratory
and eye protection should reduce their exposure risk.”
Jennifer Nuzzo, director of the Pandemic Center at Brown University, described the
study as “good and bad news study”．“ On the one hand, we see concerning
evidence that there may be more H5N1 outbreaks on farms than being reported，”
she said, “On the other hand, I'm reassured that there isn't evidence that infections
among vets have been widespread.”
However, John Korslund, a U.S.Department of Agriculture scientist, said that finding
H5N1 antibodies in the blood of vets was an “interesting but very imprecise way to
measure state cattle incidence, so we need follow-up study”．
1．Why is the proverb in paragraph l mentioned?
A．To describe a fact.
B．To introduce the study.
C．To explain an issue.
D．To present an opinion.
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The findings of the analysis.
B．The symptoms of the vets.
C．The causes of H5N1 bird flu.
D．The basic logic of the study.
3．What surprised Seema Lakdawala the most?
A．The infected vets' unawareness of the issue.
B．The 17% infection rate among dairy workers.
C．The high number of positive test results in vets.
D．The risk of unrecognized infections in cows and vets.
4．What aspect should be improved in the follow-up study?
A．The size of the tested group.
B．The individual samples.
C．The data analysis procedure.
D．The measuring method.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了CDC 研究发现，H5N1
禽流感病毒可能在未被发现的情况下传播。
【解析】
1．B 写作意图题。根据第一段中“A new study published by the U.S.Centers for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that the H5N1 bird flu virus is probably
circulating undetected in domestic animals in many parts of the country and may be
infecting unaware vets(兽医)．”可知，第一段提到谚语是为了引出这项关于
H5N1 禽流感病毒的研究。
2．A 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，第二段主要介绍了这项分析的研究
结果。
3．A 细节理解题。根据第三段中“But she said she was even more surprised that
none of them had known they were infected or that they had worked with infected
animals.”可知，让Seema Lakdawala 最惊讶的是被感染的兽医没有意识到这个
问题。
4．D 细节理解题。根据最后一段“However, John Korslund, a U.S.Department
of Agriculture scientist, said that finding H5N1 antibodies in the blood of vets was an
‘interesting but very imprecise way to measure state cattle incidence, so we need
follow-up study’．”可知，后续研究应改进的是测量方法。
B
(2025·重庆市九龙坡区高三二模)
A new study of lunar samples collected by China's Chang'e-6 mission has confirmed
that the moon was once covered by “magma(岩浆) ocean” in its early stages.This
discovery provides important evidence for understanding the moon's origin and
evolution(进化)．
The study, led by a team from the China National Space Administration (CNSA), was
published in the journal Science.In 2024, Chang'e-6 successfully collected 1,935.3
grams of lunar material from the far side of the moon, marking the first time humans
have obtained samples from this region.
Researchers analyzed basalt, a type of volcanic rock, from the samples and found that
the composition of basalt on the far side is similar to that on the near side.The basalt is
about 2.82 billion years old, supporting the lunar magma ocean model.This model
suggests that the moon was once entirely melted, forming a global magma ocean.As it
cooled, lighter minerals rose to form the moon's surface, while heavier minerals sank
to form the covering layers.
The study also revealed that the impact that created the South Pole-Aitken (SPA)
Basin, the moon's largest and oldest basin, may have changed the moon's early
layers.Additionally, the lead isotope(同位素) paths in basalt from the far and near
sides are different, indicating that different parts of the moon gradually changed and
developed into different forms after the magma ocean cooled.
The research team plans to further study the moon's early impact history and hopes to
find materials from the moon's layers.Understanding the moon's past can also help
scientists learn more about Earth's early history, which must have been connected
with the earth's layer activities.
CNSA emphasized its commitment to advancing lunar research and sharing findings
with the international community.This study not only deepens our understanding of
the moon but also opens new possibilities for exploring the solar system's history.
5．What is the main focus of the study?
A．Earth's origin.
B．Moon's history.
C．Moon's minerals.
D．Solar system formation.
6．What is the significance of Chang'e-6's finding in 2024?
A．It first witnessed humans collected lunar samples.
B．It initially discovered the origin of the moon clearly.
C．It proved the existence of “magma ocean” on the moon.
D．It confirmed the impact of the South Pole-Aitken Basin.
7．What is the research team likely to do next?
A．To deepen understanding the moon's past.
B．To find materials from the earth's layers.
C．To reveal the quick shift of solar system.
D．To analyze the history of “magma ocean”．
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Chang'e-6：A Successful Lunar Mission
B．Lunar Magma Ocean：A New Discovery
C．The Evolution of the Moon：A Comprehensive Study
D．Lunar Samples：Unlocking the Secrets of the Solar System
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国嫦娥六号任务采集
的月球样本研究，证实了月球早期存在“岩浆海洋”。
【解析】
5．B 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study of lunar samples collected by
China's Chang'e-6 mission has confirmed that the moon was once covered by
‘magma(岩浆) ocean’ in its early stages.This discovery provides important evidence
for understanding the moon's origin and evolution(进化)．”可知，研究的主要焦
点是月球的历史。
6．C 细节理解题。根据第一段“A new study of lunar samples collected by
China's Chang'e-6 mission has confirmed that the moon was once covered by
‘magma(岩浆) ocean’ in its early stages.”可知，嫦娥六号2024 年的发现证明了
月球上“岩浆海洋”的存在。
7．A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The research team plans to further study
the moon's early impact history and hopes to find materials from the moon's layers.”
可知，研究团队接下来可能会研究月球早期的撞击历史，加深对月球过去的理
解。
8．B 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“A new study of lunar samples
collected by China's Chang'e-6 mission has confirmed that the moon was once
covered by ‘magma(岩浆) ocean’ in its early stages.”可知，本文主要介绍了关
于月球“岩浆海洋”的新发现，因此最好的标题是“月球岩浆海洋：一项新发
现”。
C
(2025·安徽省“江南十校”高三一模)
A Dutch museum has recovered an artwork that looks like two empty beer cans after a
staff member accidentally threw it in the rubbish bin.
The work, entitled All the Good Times We Spent Together by the French artist
Alexandre Lavet, appears on first glance to be two abandoned and dented(瘪的) beer
tins.However, a closer look shows they are carefully hand-painted and required a lot
of time and effort to create.Their artistic value was lost on a mechanic, who saw them
displayed in a lift and threw them in the bin.The curator(馆长) Elisah van den Bergh
returned from a short break and noticed the cans had disappeared.She recovered them
from a bin bag just as they were about to be thrown out.
Froukje Budding, of the LAM museum in Lisse, western Netherlands, said artworks
were often left in unusual places—hence the display in a lift.“We try to surprise
visitors for all the time ，” she said.“We have now put the work in a more
traditional place on a plinth(底座) so it can rest after its adventure.” She stressed
there were no hard feelings towards the mechanic, who had just started at the
museum, stating that he was simply performing his duties.
Sietske van Zanten, the museum's director, emphasized the museum's mission to
encourage visitors to see everyday objects in a new light.“By displaying artworks in
unexpected places, we enhance this experience and keep visitors on their toes，”
he added.
Budding also noted the cans were unlikely to stay on their traditional plinth for long
and that they needed to think hard about a careful place to put them next.
9．Why did the mechanic throw the artwork in the rubbish bin?
A．Because it stood in the way.
B．Because it took much space.
C．Because it looked like real trash.
D．Because it looked strange in the lift.
10．What was Budding's attitude toward the mechanic's behavior?
A．Understanding.
B．Concerned.
C．Critical.
D．Unforgiving.
11．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Make visitors ready for surprises.
B．Remind visitors of dangers.
C．Warn visitors not to litter.
D．Show visitors around the museum.
12．What might happen to the artwork in the future?
A．It will be kept in a safe.
B．It will be put in a selected place.
C．It will be sent back to the lift.
D ．It will be placed in a traditional
setting.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述荷兰某博物馆一件形似两
个空啤酒罐的艺术品被误当垃圾丢弃，后经找回并重新考虑其展示位置的故
事。同时介绍了博物馆在艺术品展示方面的理念。
【解析】
9．C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The work, entitled All the Good Times We
Spent Together by the French artist Alexandre Lavet, appears on first glance to be
two abandoned and dented (瘪的) beer tins.However, a closer look shows they are
carefully hand-painted and required a lot of time and effort to create.Their artistic
value was lost on a mechanic, who saw them displayed in a lift and threw them in the
bin.”可知，法国艺术家 Alexandre Lavet 的这件作品乍一看像是两个被遗弃且
瘪掉的啤酒罐，机械师没有意识到其艺术价值，所以把它当作垃圾扔掉了。也
就是说，机械师把艺术品扔进垃圾桶是因为它看起来像真正的垃圾。
10．A 观点态度题。根据第三段中“Froukje Budding, of the LAM museum in
Lisse, western Netherlands, said artworks were often left in unusual places—hence
the display in a lift.” 和“ She stressed there were no hard feelings towards the
mechanic, who had just started at the museum, stating that he was simply performing
his duties.”可知，Budding 强调对刚到博物馆工作的机械师没有不满情绪，并
且表示他只是在履行自己的工作职责，即他看到这些作品在电梯里展出，便把
它们扔进了垃圾桶。由此可以推断出，Budding 对机械师的行为持理解的态
度。
11．A 词句猜测题。根据第四段“Sietske van Zanten, the museum's director,
emphasized the museum's mission to encourage visitors to see everyday objects in a
new light.‘By displaying artworks in unexpected places, we enhance this experience
and keep visitors on their toes，’ he added.”可知，博物馆馆长Sietske van
Zanten 强调博物馆的使命是鼓励游客以新的视角看待日常物品，通过在意想不
到的地方展示艺术品来增强这种体验。该短语意思是让游客为可能出现的惊喜
做好准备，时刻保持期待和警觉。
12．B 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Budding also noted the cans were unlikely
to stay on their traditional plinth for long and that they needed to think hard about a
careful place to put them next.”可知，Budding 指出这些啤酒罐不太可能长时间
放在传统的底座上，并且他们需要认真思考接下来把它们放置在一个合适的地
方。
D
(2025·黑龙江省示范性高中专业委员会高三一模)
In the mountainous regions of Nepal, 34-year-old Dr.Anika Gurung has transformed
healthcare delivery through her “Solar Health Backpack” initiative.Honored with
the 2023 International Medical Innovation Award, Gurung's mission sparked at age 25
when she treated a child dying from preventable pneumonia( 肺炎) during a
storm.“No life should fade for lack of a thermometer.” she vowed.
Her solution ？Backpacks equipped with solar-powered diagnostic tools (portable
ECG) and medicines, carried by trained villagers to inaccessible settlements.
Since its 2019 launch, these mobile units carried by locally trained “mountain
doctors” have navigated mountain trails and clear streams to reach 237 settlements
across 15 valleys.Each doctor doubles as a preventive care educator, using
augmented(
增
强
的
) reality glasses to demonstrate
“medical
techniques”.“Western-style clinics fell apart here，” Gurung explains gesturing
at landslide-scarred slopes.“But knowledge carried on human backs.That's
unbreakable.”
Preparation involves months of mapping footpaths with elderly guides.“These
mountains demand humility，” she notes, unrolling a hand-drawn map marked with
Sherpa symbols.“Modern GPS fails where people still remember their ancestors
well.” The combination of old and new things has cut the newborn death rate by
58% in the areas we serve.Some people initially dismissed her model as
“idealistic”， but its success in reducing the rate of getting tuberculosis(肺结核)
by 42% has inspired others to follow suits.
For Gurung, medical health isn't about fancy hospitals.“It's about making dignity
portable ，” she declares in her WHO speech.Her team now cooperates with
engineers to develop landslide-proof drone delivery systems for medicines.
13．What did Gurung promise to do when she was 25?
A．Win an international award.
B．Prevent a disastrous storm.
C．Design an accessible thermometer.
D．Develop medical backpacks.
14．What are the backpacks additionally used for?
A．Storing emergency supplies.
B．Generating solar energy.
C．Transporting medical staff.
D．Conducting health education.
15．How does Gurung prepare her medical teams?
A．By using GPS technology.
B．By learning local geography.
C．By honoring Sherpa ancestors.
D．By unfolding a hand-drawn map.
16．What is Gurung's opinion about healthcare?
A．It should be physically accessible.
B．Technology determines its quality.
C．Urban models need to be reproduced.
D．Hospitals should work with other industries.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是尼泊尔34 岁的医生
Anika Gurung 通过她的“太阳能健康背包”计划，在尼泊尔山区变革医疗服务
的故事。
【解析】
13．D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In the mountainous regions of Nepal, 34-
year-old Dr.Anika Gurung has transformed healthcare delivery through her ‘Solar
Health Backpack’ initiative.Honored with the 2023 International Medical Innovation
Award, Gurung's mission sparked at age 25 when she treated a child dying from
preventable pneumonia (肺炎) during a storm.”可知，Gurung 25 岁时承诺要开发
医疗背包。
14．D 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Since its 2019 launch, these mobile units
carried by locally trained ‘mountain doctors’ have navigated mountain trails and
clear streams to reach 237 settlements across 15 valleys.Each doctor doubles as a
preventive care educator, using augmented ( 增强的) reality glasses to demonstrate
‘medical techniques’．”可知，背包的额外用途是开展健康教育。
15．B 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Preparation involves months of mapping
footpaths with elderly guides.”可知，Gurung 是通过学习当地地理来准备她的医
疗团队。
16．A 观点态度题。根据最后一段中“For Gurung, medical health isn't about
fancy hospitals.‘It's about making dignity portable，’ she declares in her WHO
speech.”可知，Gurung 对医疗保健的看法是它应该在实际中是可获得的。
※小贴士：突破阅读理解中的C、D 篇，告别失分困扰
高考阅读C、D 篇对考生的语言综合运用能力和高阶思维能力提出了较大的挑
战，会出现一些大学四级词汇或相对生僻的词汇，有较多短语与句式的变形，
内容涉及专业知识、研究成果等，考生不仅要掌握更多的词汇知识、具备分析
长难句的能力，对于不同类文体的特征也要有所把握。
一、文体特征
1．语篇类型
阅读理解C、D 篇主要包括科普知识类、自然现象类、动植物特性类、新产
品/新工艺介绍类、风土人情类等，多为说明文。
2．语言特点
(1)文中专业术语较多，抽象、理解难度大，容易拉开考生分数档次。
(2)文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多。
3．结构特点
基本上遵循“首段引入话题，其他段落采用并列式或递进式对其进行说明”的
规律。
二、阅读策略
1．抓首尾段
首段往往提出要说明主题，尤其是研究类说明文，研究结果就是主题；尾段往
往重申、强调主题。
2．梳理文章结构
(1)整体叙述＋细节或过程说明＋概括评述；
(2)现象＋原因＋后果/启示/措施；
(3)研究发现/调查结果＋研究/调查过程。
【限时训练】（限时：60 分钟）
新闻报道类
A
(2025·贵州省黔东南州高三一模)
Like many cities across the United States, Portland, Oregon faces a homelessness
crisis.According to the city's 2023 Point-in-Time Count, overall homelessness in
Portland increased by 65% from 2015 to 2023, with people living unsheltered in the
streets jumping to an estimated 6,297 individuals, compared to 1,887 eight years
before.This mounting problem requires plenty of creative solutions.Waste
management workers with Ground Score Association (GSA) have found that solution
through trash.
GSA is a Portland nonprofit created by—and for—people who are experiencing or
have experienced homelessness.The group is fiscally supported by Trash For Peace
and manages an association of recyclers, waste pickers, and other environmental
workers who create and fill waste management jobs in the city.
The initiative hires people with a history of homelessness to pick up waste alongside
designated routes, provide tent-side trash collection to people living outside, and
more.Workers are paid between $20 and $29 per hour by the City of Portland,
Multnomah County, and the Lloyd Enhanced Services District.Despite approaching
budget cuts across the city, officials say the initiative is valuable.
Katie Lindsay, a program analyst for Portland who oversees GSA's contract, stated,
“You're going to get significant outcomes for the lowest of dollars.There are
increasingly shrinking resources in an unending vat of need.This goes so far.Why
wouldn't you fund it？”
According to GSA's website, the program has directly hired 55 members of the
community, over 95% of whom were formerly or currently are houseless.Since having
started working for GSA, over 70% of those workers have become housed.
Co-founded by Barbra Weber, GSA came into existence when she was living in a tent
encampment a few years back.Many of her neighbors earned cash from collecting
cans and bottles, but she knew they needed more funding and organization to really
see a difference.
Now, GSA not only has a contract with the city, but it also provides supportive social
benefits for its employees, like healthcare, mental health services, and acquiring
housing and legal identification.
1．What do the figures in paragraph 1 indicate?
A．Fewer people are living unsheltered.
B．The homelessness crisis has worsened.
C．Homelessness in Portland has decreased.
D．The city has solved its homelessness problem.
2．What does the underlined part “fiscally” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Mentally.
B．Physically.
C．Technically.
D．Financially.
3．What might motivate Barbra Weber to be involved in GSA?
A．Her experience of being homeless.
B．Her interest in waste management.
C．Her background in social services.
D．Her desire to become a city official.
4．Which of the following can best describe GSA?
A．Small and limited.
B．Profitable and competitive.
C．Innovative and supportive.
D．Traditional and bureaucratic.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲的是波特兰市的非盈利组织
Ground Score Association 如何通过创新的垃圾管理方式来解决城市无家可归危
机的问题。
【解析】
1．B 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Like many cities across the United States,
Portland, Oregon faces a homelessness crisis.According to the city's 2023 Point-in-
Time Count, overall homelessness in Portland increased by 65% from 2015 to 2023,
with people living unsheltered in the streets jumping to an estimated 6,297
individuals, compared to 1,887 eight years before.”可知，第一段中的数字说明了
无家可归的危机已经恶化。
2．D 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“supported by Trash For Peace”可知，画线
词所在句子表示“该组织在财政上得到了Trash For Peace 的支持，并管理着一
个由回收者、拾荒者和其他环保工作者组成的协会，他们在该市创造并填补了
废物管理工作岗位”。
3．A 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Co-founded by Barbra Weber, GSA came
into existence when she was living in a tent encampment a few years back.Many of
her neighbors earned cash from collecting cans and bottles, but she knew they needed
more funding and organization to really see a difference.”可知，促使Barbra Weber
加入GSA 的是她无家可归的经历。
4．C 推理判断题。根据第三段中“The initiative hires people with a history of
homelessness to pick up waste alongside designated routes, provide tent-side trash
collection to people living outside, and more.Workers are paid between $20 and $29
per hour by the City of Portland, Multnomah County, and the Lloyd Enhanced
Services District.”可知，通过雇佣有无家可归历史的人来收集垃圾，并提供支
持性社会福利，这是一种创新的做法，同时也体现了支持性，因此可以用
innovative 和supportive 来描述GSA。
B
(2025·广东省江门市高三一模)
In 2023 the Falcon 9 launched over a thousand tonnes of payload into orbit.The first
stages of the Falcon 9 have been successfully reused after returning from space and
landing themselves more than 300 times.
“Reentry” by Eric Berger, the senior space editor at Ars Technica, describes how
this was achieved.The ingredients which produced the Falcon 9 were excellent
engineers, a new form of government support for spaceflight, a hard-driving culture
and an extraordinarily demanding boss.
The book starts with a story in 2008.SpaceX's first rocket, the Falcon 1, was small,
troublesome and uncommercial.By the time it finally reached orbit—on the fourth
attempt—SpaceX had burned through almost all the money that Elon Musk, the
company's founder, had available.For the company to have a future, it needed some
big government contracts, and that required a much larger launcher ：the Falcon 9,
which required nine of the Merlin engines that powered the Falcon 1 to be joined
together.
That challenge fell to Tom Mueller, SpaceX's first employee, who had developed the
Merlin engine in the first place.His team's efforts led to the arguably company-saving
first test firing of the Falcon 9's first stage in November 2008.“We were out there
beating history, but Elon was still pissed at us ，” Mr Mueller said.“Like
everything else we've ever done, it was way slower than Elon wanted.”
Mr Berger's book is full of stories of impressive achievements being met in such
ways.It also shows clearly why people put up with such things.Mr Musk's employees
knew that he really cared about making better rockets, and that he was taking big
financial risks.But they came to value his insistence on the overall goal of making a
rocket that was largely reusable.
5．What is “Reentry” about?
A．The process of reusing the Falcon 9.
B．Achievements made by the government.
C．The personal life of the demanding boss.
D．Elements leading to the Falcon 9's success.
6．What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A．The Falcon l was a total failure.
B．The Falcon 9 was upgraded greatly.
C．The Falcon 9 cost all the company's money.
D．SpaceX has a future without government's support.
7．What does the underlined phrase “pissed at” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．mad at
B．content with
C．sad about
D．moved by
8．Which of the following best describes Mr Musk from the text?
A．Rude and insistent.
B．Demanding and gentle.
C．Tough and persistent.
D．Impatient and determined.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了SpaceX 公司的Falcon 9
火箭成功，介绍了背后所付出的努力。
【解析】
5．D 细节理解题。根据第二段“‘Reentry’ by Eric Berger, the senior space
editor at Ars Technica, describes how this was achieved.The ingredients which
produced the Falcon 9 were excellent engineers, a new form of government support
for spaceflight, a hard-driving culture and an extraordinarily demanding boss.” 可
知，Reentry 一书讲述的是导致猎鹰9 号火箭成功的要素。
6．B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“By the time it finally reached orbit—on the
fourth attempt—SpaceX had burned through almost all the money that Elon Musk,
the company's founder, had available.For the company to have a future, it needed
some big government contracts, and that required a much larger launcher：the Falcon
9, which required nine of the Merlin engines that powered the Falcon 1 to be joined
together.”可知，猎鹰9 号得到了很大的升级。
7．A 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“We were out there beating history, but Elon
was still”以及下文“Like everything else we've ever done, it was way slower than
Elon wanted.”可知，but 表示转折关系，说明尽管猎鹰9 号的首次测试发射取
得了成功，但马斯克仍然对他们很生气，因为他们进展得太慢了。
8．C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Mr Musk's employees knew that he really
cared about making better rockets, and that he was taking big financial risks.But they
came to value his insistence on the overall goal of making a rocket that was largely
reusable.”可知，马斯克在制造火箭的过程中，尽管面临巨大的财务风险，但他
仍然坚持制造更好的火箭，并致力于实现火箭的可重复使用。这说明马斯克是
一个坚定且执着的人。
C
(2025·安徽省A10 联盟高三5 月最后一卷)
Scientists say Europe's Euclid space telescope has discovered a bright ring of light
circling a nearby galaxy.The observed light is known as an Einstein ring.
The Einstein ring was discovered in a well-studied galaxy called NGC 6505, about
590 million light-years from Earth.Astronomers have long known about the galaxy.So
they were surprised that the bright ring had not been identified before.
Einstein rings are rare.They form when light from a distant galaxy is bent by the
gravitational pull of a closer, massive galaxy, creating the illusion of a circular ring
around the nearer galaxy.The Einstein ring gets its name from physicist Albert
Einstein, who, predicted that light would bend around extremely massive objects in
space.This is called, “gravitational lensing(引力透镜效应)”．Gravitational lenses
permit telescopes like Euclid to observe more distant and less-bright objects.
In the latest project, researchers from Germany used data from Euclid to create a
computer model to discover the Einstein ring.Euclid, operated by the European Space
Agency (ESA), launched in 2023 for a six-year mission to study dark matter and dark
energy.During Euclid's early testing phase, team member Bruno Altieri first noticed
signs of the Einstein ring.Later observations confirmed a nearly perfect ring, which
was particularly exciting for researchers specializing in gravitational lensing.
Lead study author Conor O'Riordan emphasized the significance of this
discovery.Strong gravitational lenses like this are rare and incredibly useful
scientifically.Since this Einstein ring is relatively close to Earth and well-positioned, it
offers a unique opportunity for study.Using advanced modeling techniques,
researchers analyzed the light from the ring and even examined raw telescope data for
deeper insights.
O'Riordan said the team's modeling operations were just the first step in studying the
newly discovered Einstein ring.He said the group plans to use the ring to also study
“dark matter substructures” within the lensing galaxy.O'Riordan predicted,
“Euclid is going to revolutionize the field, with all this data we've never had
before.”
9．What surprised astronomers about the Einstein ring in NGC 6505?
A．It was the first Einstein ring ever found.
B．It appeared in a newly discovered galaxy.
C．It had gone unnoticed in a well-studied galaxy.
D．It was much closer to Earth than other Einstein rings.
10．What is the main purpose of the Euclid space telescope's six-year mission?
A．To study the formation of galaxies.
B．To explore dark matter and dark energy.
C．To search for new Einstein rings in the universe.
D．To observe the gravitational effects of massive objects.
11．What's a future research goal using the Einstein ring?
A．Identifying new types of gravitational lenses.
B．Measuring the exact distance between galaxies.
C．Examining dark matter substructures in the lensing galaxy.
D．Developing improved computer models for space observation.
12．Which could be the most suitable title?
A．Dark Matter Study Advances
B．New Galaxy Found Near Earth
C．Einstein's Theory Proven Again
D．Euclid Detects Rare Einstein Ring
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了欧洲的欧几里得太空望
远镜在距离地球约5.9 亿光年的星系NGC 6505 中发现了一个罕见的爱因斯坦
环。文章介绍了爱因斯坦环形成的原理、发现的过程以及其对于研究暗物质等
方面的意义和未来研究目标。
【解析】
9．C 细节理解题。根据第二段“The Einstein ring was discovered in a well-
studied galaxy called NGC 6505, about 590 million light-years from
Earth.Astronomers have long known about the galaxy.So they were surprised that the
bright ring had not been identified before.”可知，天文学家惊讶于这个爱因斯坦
环在一个被充分研究的星系中一直未被注意到。
10．B 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Euclid, operated by the European Space
Agency (ESA), launched in 2023 for a six-year mission to study dark matter and dark
energy.”可知，欧几里得太空望远镜六年任务的主要目的是探索暗物质和暗能
量。
11．C 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He said the group plans to use the ring to
also study ‘dark matter substructures’ within the lensing galaxy.”可知，利用这个
爱因斯坦环未来的一个研究目标是研究透镜星系内的暗物质子结构。
12．D 标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了欧洲的欧几里得太空望远镜在距离地球
约5.9 亿光年的星系NGC 6505 中发现了一个罕见的爱因斯坦环，介绍了爱因斯
坦环形成的原理、发现的过程以及其对于研究暗物质等方面的意义和未来研究
目标。所以短文的最佳标题为“欧几里得探测到罕见的爱因斯坦环”。
