专题一 阅读理解
类型二 体裁破解
第5 讲 新闻报道
新闻报道一般突出新闻性，作者要避免对该新闻事件进行主观判断和评
价。新闻报道的内容真实、新鲜、及时，趣味可读，时效性强。第一句往往为
全文的中心句，下文要叙述事件的过程和细节。新闻报道的一些常用语包括：
It is reported that...，As is reported...，According to the report...，It is estimated
that...等，时态一般用过去时，语言客观平实，往往没有过分花哨的词汇和过于
复杂的句型。
【辨明题类】
新闻报道主要是提供事实信息，一般是简单叙述事件发生的五要素及各方反
应，很少探究事件背后的原因。因此，做题时要关注新闻报道的结构和细节，
题型主要为观点推断题、考查语篇衔接、推断某一特定词或者短语的指代内容
或主旨归纳题。
【技法点拨】
1．研读导语：首段通常是导语，说明文章的中心人物或事件，即文章的主题。
2．直击题干：判断题目类型，找出定位词。
3．定位信息：根据定位词，在原文中找出关键句，对照选项确定答案。
【真题体验】
(2023·浙江1 月卷·阅读理解C)
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in
debate.Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called
Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel's former
national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses.It takes sentences from its
library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together.This can lead
to the kinds of errors no human would make.Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed
out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem.As Kristian Hammond, professor of
electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it:
“There's never a stage at which the system knows what it's talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to
what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of
machines.A computer works with symbols.Its program specifies a set of rules to
transform one string of symbols into another.But it does not specify what those
symbols mean.Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.Humans, in thinking,
talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols.But for humans, meaning is
everything.When we communicate, we communicate meaning.What matters is not
just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are
arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation,
interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads.The rules that assign
meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory,
social conventions and social relations.It is this that distinguishes humans from
machines.And that's why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the
tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial
intelligence.
28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．To explain the use of a software program.
B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
29．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Arguments.
B．Doubts.
C．Errors.
D．Differences.
30．What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond?
A．Create rules.
B．Comprehend meaning.
C．Talk fluently.
D．Identify difficult words.
31．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B．The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C．Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
【解题示范】 第一步：浏览全文，把握主旨大意：本文是一篇新闻报道，主
要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater 的软件程序。
第二步：细审题干，定位原文：
第28 小题：根据题干主要信息，定位第一段。
第29 小题：根据题干主要信息，定位第二段。
第30 小题：根据题干主要信息，定位倒数第二段。
第31 小题：根据题干主要信息，定位最后一段。
第三步：仔细对比选项和原文信息，继而找出答案。
在文中找到信息区间后，再仔细对比各选项，确定答案。
A
(2025·浙江省衢州、丽水、湖州三地市高三二模)
As the proverb says, a straw shows which way the wind blows.A new study published
by the U.S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) shows that the H5N1
bird flu virus is probably circulating undetected in domestic animals in many parts of
the country and may be infecting unaware vets(兽医)．
In the health agency's Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, a group of researchers
from the CDC, the Ohio Department of Health and the American Association of
Bovine Practitioners reported the results of analysis they conducted on 150 cow vets
from 46 states and Canada.They found that three of them had antibodies for the H5N1
bird flu virus in their blood.However, none of the infected vets recalled having any
symptoms, including conjunctivitis, or pink eye, the most commonly reported
symptom in human cases.
Seema Lakdawala, a microbiologist at Emory University in Atlanta, who was not
involved in the research, said she was surprised that only 2% of the vets surveyed
tested positive for the antibodies, considering another CDC study showed that 17% of
dairy workers sampled had been infected.But she said she was even more surprised
that none of them had known they were infected or that they had worked with infected
animals.
“These surprising results indicate that serum surveillance( 血清检测) studies are
important to inform risk of infections that are going unnoticed，” she said.“Vets
are on the front line of the outbreak, and increased biosafety practices like respiratory
and eye protection should reduce their exposure risk.”
Jennifer Nuzzo, director of the Pandemic Center at Brown University, described the
study as “good and bad news study”．“ On the one hand, we see concerning
evidence that there may be more H5N1 outbreaks on farms than being reported，”
she said, “On the other hand, I'm reassured that there isn't evidence that infections
among vets have been widespread.”
However, John Korslund, a U.S.Department of Agriculture scientist, said that finding
H5N1 antibodies in the blood of vets was an “interesting but very imprecise way to
measure state cattle incidence, so we need follow-up study”．
1．Why is the proverb in paragraph l mentioned?
A．To describe a fact.
B．To introduce the study.
C．To explain an issue.
D．To present an opinion.
2．What is paragraph 2 mainly about?
A．The findings of the analysis.
B．The symptoms of the vets.
C．The causes of H5N1 bird flu.
D．The basic logic of the study.
3．What surprised Seema Lakdawala the most?
A．The infected vets' unawareness of the issue.
B．The 17% infection rate among dairy workers.
C．The high number of positive test results in vets.
D．The risk of unrecognized infections in cows and vets.
4．What aspect should be improved in the follow-up study?
A．The size of the tested group.
B．The individual samples.
C．The data analysis procedure.
D．The measuring method.
B
(2025·重庆市九龙坡区高三二模)
A new study of lunar samples collected by China's Chang'e-6 mission has confirmed
that the moon was once covered by “magma(岩浆) ocean” in its early stages.This
discovery provides important evidence for understanding the moon's origin and
evolution(进化)．
The study, led by a team from the China National Space Administration (CNSA), was
published in the journal Science.In 2024, Chang'e-6 successfully collected 1,935.3
grams of lunar material from the far side of the moon, marking the first time humans
have obtained samples from this region.
Researchers analyzed basalt, a type of volcanic rock, from the samples and found that
the composition of basalt on the far side is similar to that on the near side.The basalt is
about 2.82 billion years old, supporting the lunar magma ocean model.This model
suggests that the moon was once entirely melted, forming a global magma ocean.As it
cooled, lighter minerals rose to form the moon's surface, while heavier minerals sank
to form the covering layers.
The study also revealed that the impact that created the South Pole-Aitken (SPA)
Basin, the moon's largest and oldest basin, may have changed the moon's early
layers.Additionally, the lead isotope(同位素) paths in basalt from the far and near
sides are different, indicating that different parts of the moon gradually changed and
developed into different forms after the magma ocean cooled.
The research team plans to further study the moon's early impact history and hopes to
find materials from the moon's layers.Understanding the moon's past can also help
scientists learn more about Earth's early history, which must have been connected
with the earth's layer activities.
CNSA emphasized its commitment to advancing lunar research and sharing findings
with the international community.This study not only deepens our understanding of
the moon but also opens new possibilities for exploring the solar system's history.
5．What is the main focus of the study?
A．Earth's origin.
B．Moon's history.
C．Moon's minerals.
D．Solar system formation.
6．What is the significance of Chang'e-6's finding in 2024?
A．It first witnessed humans collected lunar samples.
B．It initially discovered the origin of the moon clearly.
C．It proved the existence of “magma ocean” on the moon.
D．It confirmed the impact of the South Pole-Aitken Basin.
7．What is the research team likely to do next?
A．To deepen understanding the moon's past.
B．To find materials from the earth's layers.
C．To reveal the quick shift of solar system.
D．To analyze the history of “magma ocean”．
8．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Chang'e-6：A Successful Lunar Mission
B．Lunar Magma Ocean：A New Discovery
C．The Evolution of the Moon：A Comprehensive Study
D．Lunar Samples：Unlocking the Secrets of the Solar System
C
(2025·安徽省“江南十校”高三一模)
A Dutch museum has recovered an artwork that looks like two empty beer cans after a
staff member accidentally threw it in the rubbish bin.
The work, entitled All the Good Times We Spent Together by the French artist
Alexandre Lavet, appears on first glance to be two abandoned and dented(瘪的) beer
tins.However, a closer look shows they are carefully hand-painted and required a lot
of time and effort to create.Their artistic value was lost on a mechanic, who saw them
displayed in a lift and threw them in the bin.The curator(馆长) Elisah van den Bergh
returned from a short break and noticed the cans had disappeared.She recovered them
from a bin bag just as they were about to be thrown out.
Froukje Budding, of the LAM museum in Lisse, western Netherlands, said artworks
were often left in unusual places—hence the display in a lift.“We try to surprise
visitors for all the time ，” she said.“We have now put the work in a more
traditional place on a plinth(底座) so it can rest after its adventure.” She stressed
there were no hard feelings towards the mechanic, who had just started at the
museum, stating that he was simply performing his duties.
Sietske van Zanten, the museum's director, emphasized the museum's mission to
encourage visitors to see everyday objects in a new light.“By displaying artworks in
unexpected places, we enhance this experience and keep visitors on their toes，”
he added.
Budding also noted the cans were unlikely to stay on their traditional plinth for long
and that they needed to think hard about a careful place to put them next.
9．Why did the mechanic throw the artwork in the rubbish bin?
A．Because it stood in the way.
B．Because it took much space.
C．Because it looked like real trash.
D．Because it looked strange in the lift.
10．What was Budding's attitude toward the mechanic's behavior?
A．Understanding.
B．Concerned.
C．Critical.
D．Unforgiving.
11．What does the underlined phrase in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Make visitors ready for surprises.
B．Remind visitors of dangers.
C．Warn visitors not to litter.
D．Show visitors around the museum.
12．What might happen to the artwork in the future?
A．It will be kept in a safe.
B．It will be put in a selected place.
C．It will be sent back to the lift.
D ．It will be placed in a traditional
setting.
D
(2025·黑龙江省示范性高中专业委员会高三一模)
In the mountainous regions of Nepal, 34-year-old Dr.Anika Gurung has transformed
healthcare delivery through her “Solar Health Backpack” initiative.Honored with
the 2023 International Medical Innovation Award, Gurung's mission sparked at age 25
when she treated a child dying from preventable pneumonia( 肺炎) during a
storm.“No life should fade for lack of a thermometer.” she vowed.
Her solution ？Backpacks equipped with solar-powered diagnostic tools (portable
ECG) and medicines, carried by trained villagers to inaccessible settlements.
Since its 2019 launch, these mobile units carried by locally trained “mountain
doctors” have navigated mountain trails and clear streams to reach 237 settlements
across 15 valleys.Each doctor doubles as a preventive care educator, using
augmented(
增
强
的
) reality glasses to demonstrate
“medical
techniques”.“Western-style clinics fell apart here，” Gurung explains gesturing
at landslide-scarred slopes.“But knowledge carried on human backs.That's
unbreakable.”
Preparation involves months of mapping footpaths with elderly guides.“These
mountains demand humility，” she notes, unrolling a hand-drawn map marked with
Sherpa symbols.“Modern GPS fails where people still remember their ancestors
well.” The combination of old and new things has cut the newborn death rate by
58% in the areas we serve.Some people initially dismissed her model as
“idealistic”， but its success in reducing the rate of getting tuberculosis(肺结核)
by 42% has inspired others to follow suits.
For Gurung, medical health isn't about fancy hospitals.“It's about making dignity
portable ，” she declares in her WHO speech.Her team now cooperates with
engineers to develop landslide-proof drone delivery systems for medicines.
13．What did Gurung promise to do when she was 25?
A．Win an international award.
B．Prevent a disastrous storm.
C．Design an accessible thermometer.
D．Develop medical backpacks.
14．What are the backpacks additionally used for?
A．Storing emergency supplies.
B．Generating solar energy.
C．Transporting medical staff.
D．Conducting health education.
15．How does Gurung prepare her medical teams?
A．By using GPS technology.
B．By learning local geography.
C．By honoring Sherpa ancestors.
D．By unfolding a hand-drawn map.
16．What is Gurung's opinion about healthcare?
A．It should be physically accessible.
B．Technology determines its quality.
C．Urban models need to be reproduced.
D．Hospitals should work with other industries.
※小贴士：突破阅读理解中的C、D 篇，告别失分困扰
高考阅读C、D 篇对考生的语言综合运用能力和高阶思维能力提出了较大的挑
战，会出现一些大学四级词汇或相对生僻的词汇，有较多短语与句式的变形，
内容涉及专业知识、研究成果等，考生不仅要掌握更多的词汇知识、具备分析
长难句的能力，对于不同类文体的特征也要有所把握。
一、文体特征
1．语篇类型
阅读理解C、D 篇主要包括科普知识类、自然现象类、动植物特性类、新产
品/新工艺介绍类、风土人情类等，多为说明文。
2．语言特点
(1)文中专业术语较多，抽象、理解难度大，容易拉开考生分数档次。
(2)文中解释性、定义性、说明性句子较多，长难句较多。
3．结构特点
基本上遵循“首段引入话题，其他段落采用并列式或递进式对其进行说明”的
规律。
二、阅读策略
1．抓首尾段
首段往往提出要说明主题，尤其是研究类说明文，研究结果就是主题；尾段往
往重申、强调主题。
2．梳理文章结构
(1)整体叙述＋细节或过程说明＋概括评述；
(2)现象＋原因＋后果/启示/措施；
(3)研究发现/调查结果＋研究/调查过程。
【限时训练】（限时：60 分钟）
新闻报道类
A
(2025·贵州省黔东南州高三一模)
Like many cities across the United States, Portland, Oregon faces a homelessness
crisis.According to the city's 2023 Point-in-Time Count, overall homelessness in
Portland increased by 65% from 2015 to 2023, with people living unsheltered in the
streets jumping to an estimated 6,297 individuals, compared to 1,887 eight years
before.This mounting problem requires plenty of creative solutions.Waste
management workers with Ground Score Association (GSA) have found that solution
through trash.
GSA is a Portland nonprofit created by—and for—people who are experiencing or
have experienced homelessness.The group is fiscally supported by Trash For Peace
and manages an association of recyclers, waste pickers, and other environmental
workers who create and fill waste management jobs in the city.
The initiative hires people with a history of homelessness to pick up waste alongside
designated routes, provide tent-side trash collection to people living outside, and
more.Workers are paid between $20 and $29 per hour by the City of Portland,
Multnomah County, and the Lloyd Enhanced Services District.Despite approaching
budget cuts across the city, officials say the initiative is valuable.
Katie Lindsay, a program analyst for Portland who oversees GSA's contract, stated,
“You're going to get significant outcomes for the lowest of dollars.There are
increasingly shrinking resources in an unending vat of need.This goes so far.Why
wouldn't you fund it？”
According to GSA's website, the program has directly hired 55 members of the
community, over 95% of whom were formerly or currently are houseless.Since having
started working for GSA, over 70% of those workers have become housed.
Co-founded by Barbra Weber, GSA came into existence when she was living in a tent
encampment a few years back.Many of her neighbors earned cash from collecting
cans and bottles, but she knew they needed more funding and organization to really
see a difference.
Now, GSA not only has a contract with the city, but it also provides supportive social
benefits for its employees, like healthcare, mental health services, and acquiring
housing and legal identification.
1．What do the figures in paragraph 1 indicate?
A．Fewer people are living unsheltered.
B．The homelessness crisis has worsened.
C．Homelessness in Portland has decreased.
D．The city has solved its homelessness problem.
2．What does the underlined part “fiscally” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Mentally.
B．Physically.
C．Technically.
D．Financially.
3．What might motivate Barbra Weber to be involved in GSA?
A．Her experience of being homeless.
B．Her interest in waste management.
C．Her background in social services.
D．Her desire to become a city official.
4．Which of the following can best describe GSA?
A．Small and limited.
B．Profitable and competitive.
C．Innovative and supportive.
D．Traditional and bureaucratic.
B
(2025·广东省江门市高三一模)
In 2023 the Falcon 9 launched over a thousand tonnes of payload into orbit.The first
stages of the Falcon 9 have been successfully reused after returning from space and
landing themselves more than 300 times.
“Reentry” by Eric Berger, the senior space editor at Ars Technica, describes how
this was achieved.The ingredients which produced the Falcon 9 were excellent
engineers, a new form of government support for spaceflight, a hard-driving culture
and an extraordinarily demanding boss.
The book starts with a story in 2008.SpaceX's first rocket, the Falcon 1, was small,
troublesome and uncommercial.By the time it finally reached orbit—on the fourth
attempt—SpaceX had burned through almost all the money that Elon Musk, the
company's founder, had available.For the company to have a future, it needed some
big government contracts, and that required a much larger launcher ：the Falcon 9,
which required nine of the Merlin engines that powered the Falcon 1 to be joined
together.
That challenge fell to Tom Mueller, SpaceX's first employee, who had developed the
Merlin engine in the first place.His team's efforts led to the arguably company-saving
first test firing of the Falcon 9's first stage in November 2008.“We were out there
beating history, but Elon was still pissed at us ，” Mr Mueller said.“Like
everything else we've ever done, it was way slower than Elon wanted.”
Mr Berger's book is full of stories of impressive achievements being met in such
ways.It also shows clearly why people put up with such things.Mr Musk's employees
knew that he really cared about making better rockets, and that he was taking big
financial risks.But they came to value his insistence on the overall goal of making a
rocket that was largely reusable.
5．What is “Reentry” about?
A．The process of reusing the Falcon 9.
B．Achievements made by the government.
C．The personal life of the demanding boss.
D．Elements leading to the Falcon 9's success.
6．What can we learn from paragraph 3?
A．The Falcon l was a total failure.
B．The Falcon 9 was upgraded greatly.
C．The Falcon 9 cost all the company's money.
D．SpaceX has a future without government's support.
7．What does the underlined phrase “pissed at” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．mad at
B．content with
C．sad about
D．moved by
8．Which of the following best describes Mr Musk from the text?
A．Rude and insistent.
B．Demanding and gentle.
C．Tough and persistent.
D．Impatient and determined.
C
(2025·安徽省A10 联盟高三5 月最后一卷)
Scientists say Europe's Euclid space telescope has discovered a bright ring of light
circling a nearby galaxy.The observed light is known as an Einstein ring.
The Einstein ring was discovered in a well-studied galaxy called NGC 6505, about
590 million light-years from Earth.Astronomers have long known about the galaxy.So
they were surprised that the bright ring had not been identified before.
Einstein rings are rare.They form when light from a distant galaxy is bent by the
gravitational pull of a closer, massive galaxy, creating the illusion of a circular ring
around the nearer galaxy.The Einstein ring gets its name from physicist Albert
Einstein, who, predicted that light would bend around extremely massive objects in
space.This is called, “gravitational lensing(引力透镜效应)”．Gravitational lenses
permit telescopes like Euclid to observe more distant and less-bright objects.
In the latest project, researchers from Germany used data from Euclid to create a
computer model to discover the Einstein ring.Euclid, operated by the European Space
Agency (ESA), launched in 2023 for a six-year mission to study dark matter and dark
energy.During Euclid's early testing phase, team member Bruno Altieri first noticed
signs of the Einstein ring.Later observations confirmed a nearly perfect ring, which
was particularly exciting for researchers specializing in gravitational lensing.
Lead study author Conor O'Riordan emphasized the significance of this
discovery.Strong gravitational lenses like this are rare and incredibly useful
scientifically.Since this Einstein ring is relatively close to Earth and well-positioned, it
offers a unique opportunity for study.Using advanced modeling techniques,
researchers analyzed the light from the ring and even examined raw telescope data for
deeper insights.
O'Riordan said the team's modeling operations were just the first step in studying the
newly discovered Einstein ring.He said the group plans to use the ring to also study
“dark matter substructures” within the lensing galaxy.O'Riordan predicted,
“Euclid is going to revolutionize the field, with all this data we've never had
before.”
9．What surprised astronomers about the Einstein ring in NGC 6505?
A．It was the first Einstein ring ever found.
B．It appeared in a newly discovered galaxy.
C．It had gone unnoticed in a well-studied galaxy.
D．It was much closer to Earth than other Einstein rings.
10．What is the main purpose of the Euclid space telescope's six-year mission?
A．To study the formation of galaxies.
B．To explore dark matter and dark energy.
C．To search for new Einstein rings in the universe.
D．To observe the gravitational effects of massive objects.
11．What's a future research goal using the Einstein ring?
A．Identifying new types of gravitational lenses.
B．Measuring the exact distance between galaxies.
C．Examining dark matter substructures in the lensing galaxy.
D．Developing improved computer models for space observation.
12．Which could be the most suitable title?
A．Dark Matter Study Advances
B．New Galaxy Found Near Earth
C．Einstein's Theory Proven Again
D．Euclid Detects Rare Einstein Ring
