猜押专题10 阅读理解之议论文（按话题分类）
本命题依据 2026 新课程标准与高考命题新要求，是高考阅读 D 篇压轴题
型，命题完全源自外刊评论 + 社会思辨 + 价值探讨 + 学术观点，选自权威期
刊、媒体评论、名家随笔等正规信息源。核心考论点论据 + 逻辑关系 + 态度
判断，长难句密集，掌握论证结构与命题套路可突破压轴、稳拿高分。
2023–2025 年高考阅读理解议论文对比表
年份
试卷类型
原文字数
体裁
主题语境
话 题
2025 全国高考一卷
323
议论文
人与自我
文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致
行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，
并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，
重视城市宜居性。
2025 全国高考二卷
340
说明文
人与社会
/
2024
新高考 I 卷
354
说明文
人与自我
/
2024 新高考 II 卷
347
说明文
人与社会
/
2023
新高考 I 卷
339
说明文
人与自我
/
2023 新高考 II 卷
351
说明文
人与自然
/
一、高考阅读理解说明文总纲领
核心定位：高考阅读 D 篇，压轴题、重逻辑、态度为王（8–10 分钟 / 篇）。本质：论点 + 论据 + 论
证，核心是作者立场与逻辑链条；目标是找准论点、理清论证、判断态度、理性选择。
二、核心命题变化
① 体裁聚焦议论思辨类，以社会评论、观点辩驳、价值倡导、现象分析、文化思辨为主，对比论证、驳
论文占比逐年提升；② 强化逻辑论证能力（论点 — 论据 — 结论、因果、对比、假设、驳论），长难
句最多，侧重对观点、态度、逻辑、意图的深层理解；③ 话题紧扣社会热点与价值思辨：网络生活、心
理健康、教育理念、科技伦理、文化传承、消费观念等，思辨性极强；④ 解题从翻译理解转为抓论点 +
理逻辑 + 辨态度，强调对论证脉络与作者意图的把握；⑤ 题型以推理判断题（40%）+ 细节理解题
（30%）+ 情感态度题（15%）+ 主旨大意题（10%）+ 词义猜测题（5%） 为主，深度与精度并重。
三、语篇核心特征
结构逻辑（高考标准论证结构）
① 引论：提出话题 / 问题，亮出中心论点（或引出争议）；② 本论：分层论证 ——正面论据 + 反面
论据 + 对比 / 例证 / 因果 / 假设论证；③ 结论：重申论点、给出建议、升华主旨、发出呼吁。常见
论证逻辑：提出问题 — 分析问题 — 解决问题、立论 — 驳论 — 结论。
语言特点
① 逻辑性强，以议论、分析、辩驳、评述为主，态度鲜明、立场清晰；② 句式复杂，多重复合句、倒
装、强调、非谓语、插入语密集，长难句比例最高；③ 篇幅范围：380–410 词，词汇正式、抽象词与逻
辑词较多；④ 价值导向：理性思辨、批判思维、正向价值、人文关怀、社会责任，凸显核心素养。
四、2026 高频猜押话题
科技思辨：AI 伦理、数字沉迷、科技与人文
社会现象：网红文化、碎片化阅读、公共理性
教育成长：自主学习、挫折教育、个性发展
价值观念：理性消费、文化自信、环保责任
生活方式：身心健康、慢生活、社交边界
五大题型专项突破
细节理解题（定位论证细节）
推理判断题（逻辑推导）
作者情感态度题
主旨大意 / 中心论点题
论点论据匹配题
五、通用解题逻辑
① 先速读首尾段 + 各段首句，锁定中心论点与作者立场；② 圈画题干关键词（观点、态度、逻辑词、
论据标志），回文定位；③ 识别论证信号词，理清论点与论据的支撑关系；④ 态度题抓褒贬词汇、评述
语言，不混淆文中他人观点与作者观点；⑤ 排除偷换论点、论据错位、过度推理、绝对化、张冠李戴
（他人观点当作者观点） 干扰项。
六、备考启示
考场实用策略
先找论点，再看论据先抓中心观点，再看例子、数据如何支撑，不本末倒置。
分清 “作者观点” 与 “引述观点”some people believe/it is said that 多为反方观点，非作者立
场。
紧抓逻辑连接词however/therefore/while/thus/on the contrary 决定逻辑走向。
绝对词、极端词慎选only/never/all/absolutely/completely 多为错误项。
不主观站队答案必须源于原文逻辑，不加入个人价值判断。
五大题型专项备考策略
细节题：定位论证细节→比对原文→排除信息扭曲
推理题：依论点→循逻辑→合理推断→不延伸、不脑补
态度题：抓褒贬词→辨立场→排除中立 / 无关 / 极端
主旨题：抓中心论点→概括 “话题 + 作者立场”
论据题：判断例子 / 数据目的→证明 / 反驳某一观点
避坑策略
不被长难句击溃：拆分主干，抓主谓宾 + 态度词
不混淆他人与作者观点：明确立场归属，防张冠李戴
不脱离论点读论据：所有例子都是为中心论点服务
不忽略转折：but/however/yet 后多为作者真实观点
不以局部代整体：避免用分论点代替中心论点
考点 1：细节理解题
做法步骤：
圈关键词：论点名词、逻辑词、研究结论、作者表述
回文定位：锁定论证细节所在原句
精读原句：提取精准信息，注意范围、程度、立场
比对选项：排除偷换概念、扭曲表述、信息错位
确定答案：与原文完全一致的选项
口诀：关键词定位，精读原句，细节比对，直选答案。
考点 2：推理判断题（逻辑推断）
做法步骤：
定位论点与逻辑链，抓因果 / 对比 / 假设关系
识别逻辑词：therefore, thus, as a result, however
依逻辑推导：原因→结果，现象→本质，条件→结论
坚守原则：基于论点，忠于原文，不绝对、不脑补
排除过度推理、与论点矛盾、无依据选项
口诀：循逻辑，依论点，合理推，不臆断。
考点 3：作者情感态度题
做法步骤：
圈画态度信号词：积极：supportive, favorable, optimistic, approving 消极：critical, doubtful,
opposed, pessimistic 中立：objective, neutral, analytical
区分作者观点与引述他人观点
结合全文论证，判断最终立场
排除无关态度、极端态度、中立错判
口诀：找褒贬，辨立场，分你我，定态度。
考点 4：主旨大意 / 中心论点题
做法步骤：
全文主旨：看首段论点 + 尾段总结
核心结构：话题 + 作者立场 / 观点
排除只讲细节、分论点、范围过大 / 过小选项
套用句型：The author argues that.../The passage mainly discusses...
口诀：看首尾，抓论点，话题加立场，主旨不跑偏。
考点 5：论点论据匹配题
做法步骤：
定位例子 / 数据 / 引言，向前找所证明的观点
判断论证目的：support/oppose/illustrate/explain
匹配论点与论据的对应关系
排除偏离论点、功能错位选项
口诀：找论据，看目的，证观点，必匹配。
Passage 1
河北衡水中学2025-26 届高三年级检测（七）
Much like beauty, art is in the eye of the beholder. The artwork we are attracted to can give insight into our
personality, such as whether we are too quick or too slow, calm or moody. Studies into art preferences date back to
the 1930s — most of them examining the extent to which people like or dislike different paintings. Research shows
that a person’s interest in art is more strongly related to certain personality traits (特征) than to social class, age, or
gender.
In particular, a personality trait called “openness” is the best predictor of whether individuals are interested in
art. On the other side, those who identify as “conscientious (一丝不苟的)”, are often less drawn to the arts. These
traits are part of the Big Five, a widely accepted personality theory based on nearly a century of research. The
model claims that each personality is composed of a combination of five core traits: openness, conscientiousness,
extroversion, agreeableness and neuroticism. Rather than stating a person as being either shy or outgoing, the Big
Five Model believes that everyone lies somewhere between the two extremes.
Personality traits may also affect the way people visually scan art. A 2018 study tracked participants’ eye
movements as they studied abstract artwork. The majority of participants concentrated on the upper-right part. This
makes sense, as the right half of the brain is specialized for visual and spatial processing, and also plays a
significant role in processing the emotions that art draws out. However, participants who tended toward emotional
instability focused on the left side of the picture, and those with mental disease paid more attention to the bottom of
the picture.
However, current research on personality and art still has clear limitations, reminding us that people’s
preferences for art are as complicated as art itself. But if you’re looking for a quick test of someone’s general
personality traits, it doesn’t hurt to look at what’s hanging on their walls.
12. What is the strongest factor in determining a person’s interest in art?
A. Age and gender.
B. Personality characteristics.
C. Social class.
D. Educational background.
13. What can we learn about the Big Five Model?
A. It can explain why our art taste changes.
B. It is well-supported by artists worldwide.
C. Everyone can fit into one of the five types.
D. It is a universally-recognized measuring model.
14. According to the passage, a person focusing on the upper-right part of a painting is probably ______.
A. moody
B. unconcerned
C. perceptive
D. warlike
15. What is the best title of this passage?
A. How to discover your art preference?
B. Why is art appealing to many people?
C. How to reveal one’s personality traits?
D. What does your taste in art say about you?
Passage2
吉林省松原市实验高级中学2025-2026 学年高三下学期学情调研
Rejection hurts. Whether in a professional, social or romantic setting, there’s a particularly sharp pain to the
discovery that one has been judged undesirable in some way.
If you’ve ever experienced real rejection — and that’d be most of us — it may stand out in your mind long,
like a large rock stuck in your memory. The late scientist Helen Fisher, who studied human behavior, showed that
rejection and physical injury have much in common. She said MRI scans of participants’ brains revealed areas
linked to suffering and physical pain were more active. Time did reduce the pain response for Fisher’s participants,
but for some people rejection can last for months or years. Social psychologist Naomi Eisenberger did similar
experiments too.
Why does rejection hit so hard? The realization that one has been socially excluded brings about a sudden cold
feeling, like being cast out from a Palaeolithic campsite and left at the mercy of wild animals. To be cast out from
the warmth of the shared fire could have meant death for our ancient ancestors — so it was something to be
avoided at all costs. While the rejected of modern Britain won’t usually have to contend with the dangers that
social rejects of 30,000 years ago faced, the urge to seek shelter in the company of others is strong and lasting.
For 21st-century people though, shying away from rejection may do more harm than good. In fact, strong
negative emotional reactions to rejection often cause more damage than the rejection itself. To live satisfying lives
and know what we enjoy and are good at, we must be prepared to try things — and to fail at them. If you make
avoiding rejection your priority, you’ll become more unwilling to take risks, with a much narrower social world.
What if, rather than hiding from rejection, we attempted to accept it? What if instead of being knocked back by the
wave, we tried to ride it? Not only is it possible to overcome the fear of rejection, but doing so can bring about
unexpected positive results.
28. How does the author present the issue in the second paragraph?
A. By defining a concept.
B. By citing relevant studies.
C. By doing experiments.
D. By making a comparison.
29. What do the underlined words “contend with” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Avoid.
B. Report.
C. Handle.
D. Question.
30. What effect does the fear of rejection have?
A. Spreading negative emotions to others.
B. Running away from our comfort zone.
C. Restricting our social circle eventually.
D. Remembering the damage already done.
31. What will the author continue to discuss?
A. The benefits of accepting rejection.
B. The significance of assessing fear.
C. The results of human brain scans.
D. The chance of encountering rejection.
Passage3
2026 届江苏苏州市七校联考模拟预测
Forgetting things is a blessing, believe it or not. For proof, imagine a world where every detail you ever came
across was carved indelibly in your mind. Every conversation you regret, every rejection you’ve ever felt, every
time you stepped out with your zipper undone stands as clearly in your mind as what you had for breakfast last
week as well as the moments that bring you the greatest joy. That is a world of utter chaos and suffering.
We don’t need to stick to just our armchair-philosophizing, however. Thanks to the wonderful combinatory
magic genetics pulls off at each birth, we’ve had a few individuals on Earth who are unable to forget anything.
Solomon Shereshevsky, for instance, could memorize lists of arbitrary (任意的) numbers, words, and nonsense
syllables with perfect recall, even decades later. At first glance, this sounds like a superpower. But Shereshevsky
described it as exhausting, distracting, and emotionally unbearable.
What most miss about forgetting is that it is not a design flaw (缺陷). It’s a feature. In fact, the ability to forget
is fundamental to learning. It’s what gives us focus, highlights the signal through the noise, and lets the brain
determine what matters most given the context we are in.
Research suggests that forgetting is an active process involving brain regions like the hippocampus and
prefrontal cortex, which help us manage the inflow and outflow of information. Forgetting is not our memory
failing on us as much as it is our memory being better used.
And here is where we meet the concept of the forgetting curve (曲线). First described by Hermann
Ebbinghaus in the late 19th century, the forgetting curve tracks how quickly we lose information over time without
reinforcement (巩固). Within hours of learning something new, we begin to forget it. Rapidly at first, then more
slowly over time. The key insight of those who have followed Ebbinghaus is that this curve is not fixed. On the
contrary, it’s something we can reshape, a feature we can tune ourselves.
8. What does the underlined word “indelibly” in the first paragraph mean?
A. Permanently.
B. Violently.
C. Chaotically.
D. Effortlessly.
9. What did Shereshevsky think of his ability?
A. A design flaw.
B. A real blessing.
C. A mental burden.
D. A rare talent.
10. How does forgetting contribute to learning?
A. It prevents the flow of information.
B. It pushes people to review regularly.
C. It activates brain regions responsible for learning.
D. It allows the brain to prioritize important information.
11. What does the author suggest readers do in the last paragraph?
A. Keep learning new things.
B. Intervene in the forgetting process.
C. Accept forgetting as a natural part of life.
D. Explore a fixed pattern of the forgetting curve.
Passage4
山东名校联盟2026 届高三下学期2 月份核心素养评估考试
Horror fans have been painted with the same broad and bloody brush for decades: labelled as cold, unfeeling
thrill-seekers who delight in others’ suffering. Film critics have described the fans and creators of films like Friday
the 13th and Saw as “very sick people”. But I argue that these assumptions are all wrong.
The misconceptions about horror fans were seemingly supported by evidence presented in an analysis from
2007. But the analysis is only as strong as the studies it summarizes. In this case, they had poorly defined variables.
For example, the two studies with the strongest association with low empathy examined participant enjoyment of
torture and short clips that concluded with cruel murders and no satisfactory resolution. These measures probably
won’t tell you much about horror fans. The authors of the analysis admitted deep in the discussion section that the
link between empathy and enjoyment of horror disappeared when those studies were removed.
In 2024, I published a set of studies that directly addressed the question of horror fandom and empathy. The
results were striking. Using standardised assessments, horror fans scored higher on empathy and compassion.
When my colleagues and I examined the motivations of horror fans at frightening attractions, we found that
“adrenaline junkies” represent only one subset. We also found a group we called “dark copers”, who use horror to
process difficult emotions. Another group, “white knucklers,” confront fear to learn about themselves. The three-
type model reveals that many fans aren’t just motivated by adrenaline (肾上腺素). But there is one common trait
among them.
My research has identified morbid curiosity (猎奇) as the most powerful predictor of horror fandom. It is this
tendency to seek out information about threatening or death-related phenomena that drives a fascination with horror
media. Studies show that people with higher levels of this curiosity demonstrate better preparedness for real crises
and show increased resilience during stressful life events.
The evidence paints a picture of horror fans being empathetic, curious and psychologically complicated.
Horror is a proof to human adaptability and our remarkable capacity to find meaning, connection and even growth
in the face of our deepest fears.
8. What is a conventional wisdom about horror fans?
A. They lack empathy.
B. They tend to fall sick.
C. They desire comfort.
D. They seek uniqueness.
9. What is the limitation of previous studies?
A. They ignore the essence of humanity.
B. The variables’ definition is indefinite.
C. They rely much on participants’ feelings.
D. The incomplete discussion is misleading.
10. Why is the three-type model mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. To introduce types of horror fans.
B. To show motivations of horror fans.
C. To group fans based on their emotions.
D. To compare different levels of curiosity.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards horrors?
A. He doubted them.
B. He dismissed them.
C. He approved of them.
D. He brushed them aside.
Passage 5
2026 届福建普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语模拟测试（六）下学期高三
The privacy screen is an accessory for phones and laptops designed to significantly darken or totally obscure
their surfaces to wandering eyes. At a time when it has become normal to assume a level of comprehensive
monitoring in public places — not just by security cameras, but by our fellow travelers — the screen protectors
have become a common sight.
This creates a central contradiction: We are forking over tons of data and personal information to tech
companies every time we download an application or search online. Yet somehow the stuff we want to keep the
person sitting next to us from seeing — our messages or the algorithm-driven content that ends up on our feeds —
has become a focus of some people’s privacy concerns. Is it performative? A grasp for a comforting, yet false, sense
of control? Both? Psychologists refer to this mismatch as the “privacy paradox”.
Dennis Stolle, the senior director of American Psychology Association’s Office of Applied Psychology. said
the privacy screen was an example of people acting on their value for privacy in a situation where they know they
can immediately and perceptibly control the space around them. “You can put that privacy screen over your laptop
or your phone and feel a sense of accomplishment,” he said. “Even though in the big picture that may be the least of
your worries, it still is somehow psychologically satisfying to do something to protect the value that you hold of the
importance of privacy rather than doing nothing at all.”
The screen protectors can offer a thin layer of privacy — but they may be only that, a thin layer. “I like the
sense of security it gives me, but it doesn’t compare with how my personal data is being used online without my
permission. It’s always like a give and take with privacy,” said Mr Punater, a 23-year-old computer science major at
the University of Southern California. “What you choose to give up right now is out of your hands.”
12. Which can replace the underlined word “obscure” in paragraph 1?
A. Hide.
B. Update.
C. Repair.
D. Polish.
13. Which of the following best explains the “privacy paradox”?
A. We would rather read privacy policies than accept presets.
B. We tend to trust information online but reject it in reality.
C. We keep using screen protectors despite their minimal effect.
D. We trade personal data for benefits despite being privacy-focused.
14. What’s the benefit of using privacy screens according to Stolle?
A. Addressing concerns about privacy leaks.
B. Improving screen visibility in bright light.
C. Increasing work efficiency and productivity.
D. Giving a sense of psychological satisfaction.
15 What can be inferred from Punater’s words?
A. Ignoring online security endangers privacy.
B. Screen protectors are too thin to be effective.
C. Individuals have little control over their data.
D. People should actively manage their personal data.
Passage6
2026 届浙江省宁波市镇海区镇海中学高三首考模拟考试
When my beautiful firstborn turned one, about 70 people came to the pub to celebrate. There were drinks,
meals, and singing. They were celebrating me. But since then, his birthdays have become about him and his friends
and the quality of the event has gone downhill quickly.
My kid’s demands of his own parties have become louder. The days of a cake with a single candle in it have
long gone. Now a theme must be followed, his interests reflected, his wishes regarding the guest list heard.
And so, I do my bit: putting out sugary treats, frantically cleaning, worrying nobody will come, getting
stressed when they do.
When the time comes, and his friends arrive at the party, the chaos begins. What chance do the little ones have
to learn social graces when their role models are stuck making awkward conversations with other parents they
barely know and shout “Oi!” mid-sentence to break up a dispute or get their kids out of a tree?
In these moments, I dream of a promised land, where the kid can be dropped off at a party and I can spend the
time quietly meditating or scrolling my phone. I have not yet arrived there but other parents tell me it exists, and it
sounds like paradise.
Despite my inability to gracefully host a birthday party, the fact that my kid has lived another year is a
triumph. He grows, he changes, he asks questions, he goes to school, he has parts of his life that I am not a part of.
It’s scary and it should be celebrated.
As society becomes increasingly isolated and screen-focused, kids’ parties can be part of the cure. They build
real-world relationships and our kids’ friends at these ages could be part of our lives forever. Every connection is a
new or potential friend. What could be more social than celebrating life’s mundane milestones?
After all, the worst part of a party is not being invited.
4. Why does the author describe her own party-hosting efforts?
A. To introduce a solution to the party chaos.
B. To convey a sense of personal burden and anxiety.
C. To argue that such efforts are ultimately unnecessary.
D. To highlight the author’s exceptional skills and enjoyment.
5. What does the author imply about parents’ behavior at children’s parties?
A. They effectively manage all conflicts.
B. They set good examples for children.
C. They enjoy meaningful conversations.
D. Their social interactions are often forced.
6. What does “the promised land” refer to in paragraph 5?
A. A perfect party venue for kids.
B. A real community event space.
C. A future stage of no restrictions.
D. An ideal party carefree for parents.
7. How does the author feel about the current trend of children’s birthday parties?
A. Wholly enthusiastic.
B. Partly appreciative.
C. Largely indifferent.
D. Completely opposed.
Passage 7
2025 东城期末
The age of artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty of anxieties. Almost all of the conversations
about risk have to do with the potential consequences of AI systems pursuing goals that depart from what they were
programmed to do and that are not in the interests of humans. But this is only one side of the danger. Imagine what
could unfold if AI does do what humans want.
“What humans want,” of course, isn’t a monolith. Different people have countless ideas of what constitutes
“the greater good.” Even if we could get everyone to focus on the well-being of the entire human species, it’s
unlikely we’d be able to agree on what that might look like.
That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety and
preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s “bad” is going to be determined by a
handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and cultural
biases (偏见). The potential problem goes beyond humans harming other humans. What’s “good” for humanity has,
many times throughout history, come at the expense of other sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is the situation
today.
In the US alone, we have billions of animals kept in confinement, subjected to cruel treatment, and denial of
their basic psychological and physiological needs at any given time. Entire species are dominated and systemically
butchered so that we can have omelets, burgers and shoes.
If AI does exactly what “we” want it to, that would likely mean enacting this mass cruelty more efficiently, at
an even greater scale and with more automation and fewer opportunities for sympathetic humans to step in and flag
anything particularly horrifying.
A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call “sentient
alignment” — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals
and, should it exist, sentient AI. This will strike some as aggressive, because what’s good for all sentient life might
not always agree with what’s good for humankind. It might sometimes, even often, be in opposition to what
humans want or what would be best for the greatest number of us.
Peter Singer, a philosopher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate goals and priorities are more important than it
being aligned with humans. “The question is really whether this super intelligent AI is going to be benevolent and
want to produce a better world,” Singer said, “and even if we don’t control it, it still will produce a better world in
which our interests will get taken into account.”
I’m with Singer on this. Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that
will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful
ways.
31. The author mentions the organization founded by DeepMind to __________.
A. question a solution
B. clarify a belief
C. illustrate an example D. explain a practice
32. Which of the following can best present the idea of “sentient alignment”?
A. AI extends the same rights to living beings.
B. AI promotes the interaction among species.
C. AI benefits from the development of humans.
D. AI meets the demands of perceptive creatures.
33. What does the underlined word “benevolent” in Paragraph 7 probably mean?
A. Ambitious. B. Generous.
C. Resourceful.
D. Competitive.
34. The author’s major concern in developing AI is that __________.
A. AI poses a threat to the world
B. society’s morals are in decline
C. humans prioritize their own needs
D. sentient beings deepen cultural biases
Passage 8
2025 西城期末
In the early 1900s, an American chemist named Harvey W. Wiley led the famous “Poison Squad” experiment.
His studies revealed the dangers of unregulated (未经监管的) food additives and raised public awareness about the
importance of knowing what was in the food they consumed. However, it wasn’t until nearly 90 years later that
companies in the U. S. began disclosing the ingredients inside the boxes, cans, and bags that lined grocery store
shelves.
Fast-forward to today, and it’s hard to imagine walking through a supermarket without seeing these labels. Yet,
when we surf the Internet — another essential marketplace in our lives — we often absorb vast amounts of digital
information without any understanding of its emotional or mental “nutritional value.” But what if every webpage
came with a content label?
A study we conducted, published today in Nature Human Behavior, revealed that individuals with poorer
mental health tended to seek out more negative and frightening content online. This, in turn, worsened their
symptoms, creating a destructive cycle. To break this cycle, we introduced content labels that provided users with
emotional “nutrition information” about the websites they were about to visit. Would this webpage make you feel
better or worse? Was it full of negativity, or was it likely to brighten your mood? When users were shown these
labels on the search engine results page, they were far less likely to click on negative content. As a result, this led to
improved mood after browsing (浏览).
However, it’s important to note that you wouldn’t want people to make decisions solely based on the
emotional tone of a website. Staying informed about the world — despite the potential for sadness or anxiety — is
often essential. To address this, we developed a plugin that provides users with not only labels about a website’s
emotional tone but also scores indicating the practicality, helpfulness, and ability of the information to enhance
understanding. These scores, displayed on the search engine results page, are calculated using a machine learning
algorithm (运算法则) trained on thousands of human assessments.
Anne-Linda Camerini, a researcher specializing in digital media and mental health, pointed out that while
much of the focus on mental health and technology has been on limiting screen time, the type of content we
consume is just as critical. This shift could transform the conversation around mental health and technology. Instead
of framing the Internet as inherently harmful, content labels offer a way to create a healthier digital experience. Just
as nutrition labels empower people to make better food choices, content labels could enable users to make smarter,
healthier decisions online.
32. What does the author intend to do by mentioning Harvey’s studies?
A. Make a comparison. B. Illustrate a point.
C. Suggest an alternative.
D. Challenge an assumption.
33. According to the passage, how do content labels aim to create a healthier digital experience?
A. By encouraging users to avoid the Internet altogether.
B. By showing emotional tone and website usefulness.
C. By training users to spend less time online.
D. By restricting access to negative content.
34. What is the purpose of this passage?
A. To stress the necessity of categorizing webpages.
B To suggest new solutions to mental health problems.
C. To criticize social media sites for spreading negativity.
D. To highlight the importance of regulating online content.
Passage 9
2025 朝阳期末
Pure mathematics fascinates me, precisely because it is so inaccessible. I envision it as a remote, chilly,
dangerous place, like Antarctica’s Sentinel Range. The hard y souls who surmount its peaks seem superhuman.
Perhaps because I romanticize mathematicians, I’m troubled by the thought that machines might replace them.
I stated this possibility in The Death of Proof, published in the October 1993 Scientific American. In response to
the growing complexity of mathematics, I reported, mathematicians were becoming increasingly reliant on
computers. I asked, “Will the great mathematicians of the next century be made of silicon (硅)?”
Mathematicians are still annoyed about that article, even as the trends I described have continued. Anthony
Bordg at Cambridge University worries that his field could face a “replication crisis” (复制危机) like that troubling
scientific research. Mathematicians, Bordg notes, sometimes accept a proof not because they have checked it, step
by step, but because they trust the proof’s methods and author. Given the “increasing difficulty in checking the
correctness of mathematical arguments”, old-fashioned peer review may no longer be sufficient. Outstanding
mathematicians have published “proofs” so novel and elaborate that even specialists in the relevant mathematics
can’t validate them. Bordg suggests computerized “proof assistants ” will help confirm proofs. Researchers have
already invented an “interactive theorem prover (交互式定理证明程序)” that can check proofs and even propose
improvements.
Some mathematicians welcome the digitization of mathematics for accuracy. Others are conflicted. Michael
Harris sees mathematics as “a free, creative activity” pursued for its own sake, for the pure joy of discovery and
insight. He worries such tools will encourage a “limited vision” of mathematics as an economic product rather than
“a way of being human”. After all, many funders of mathematical research, including technology giants, value
mathematics primarily for its applications.
We value science for applications, too. Sentimental science writing, including mine, implies that science’s
purpose is insight into nature. In the modern era, however, science’s primary goal is power. Science helps us control
nature for various ends: to enrich and entertain, to boost economy, and to defeat enemies. Modern physics, to most
of us, is incomprehensible, but who cares when physics gives us smartphones and hydrogen bombs?
Physicists often adopt a utilitarian (实用主义的) mindset, exemplified by the slogan “Shut up and calculate!”
That is what professors supposedly tell students stuck in quantum mechanics. Stephen Hawking and Martin Rees
have predicted artificial intelligence will play an increasing role in physics. Wouldn’t it be funny if a quantum AI
finds the long-sought unified theory of physics, but not even brilliant theorist Edward Witten understands it?
Given the powerful forces behind automatization if machines can replace mathematicians, they probably will,
just as they are replacing drivers, bank tellers, travel agents, cashiers and other workers. Mathematicians’ wishes,
such as their desire to pursue truth purely for its own sake, might be unlikely. The charm of math can hardly be
preserved in face of the powerful forces behind automatization.
32. “Replication crisis” is mentioned to _________.
A. reduce a particular concern
B. justify the use of digital assistants
C. question the role of authority in math
D. highlight the potential threat of machines
33. Advocates of utilitarianism in science would probably agree that _________.
A. insight into nature is a priority
B. automatization is a major trend
C. quantum AI remains a fantasy
D. power is an approach to digitization
34. What can be learned from this passage?
A. Utilitarian mindset pushes physics forward.
B. Quantum mechanics unifies theories of physics.
C. The humanity of mathematics is hard to maintain.
D. Leading mathematicians’ proofs are beyond understanding.
Passage 10
2025 北京海淀期末
Crucial systems across the world collapsed on Friday, triggered by one mistake in a single company. The
power cut of CrowdStrike, a giant in the cybersecurity industry, hit banks, airlines, and health-care systems. It may
end up being the worst information technology disaster in history.
This was not, however, an unforeseeable freak accident, nor will it be the last of its kind. Instead, the
devastation was the inevitable outcome of modern social systems that have been designed for hyperconnected
optimization (优化), not decentralized resilience.
There is often a trade-off between maximum optimization and resilience. Consider a basic prehistorical social
system in which many humans lived in small, isolated bands. What any single person did would have little to no
effect on those living elsewhere. It was an inefficient, basic system — but if one part of the human system failed,
few others were affected.
Throughout our advancement as a species, from building empires to building machines, social systems have
evolved to be more connected and centralized. In the 21st century, the combination of globalization and digitization
has created a landscape characterized by the threat of catastrophic, immediate risk. Globalization enables large
efficiency gains, where a product can be put together from carefully managed links in the global supply chain. But
those systems lack resilience. Every link must fit together perfectly; the system falls apart if even one chain breaks.
Centuries ago, the philosopher David Hume wrote that we can never be certain that the patterns of the past will
remain the patterns of the future. This is especially true in the 21st century as we are betting more and more of our
world on unstable systems. Can we really trust our species to flawlessly govern unimaginably complex systems —
systems we don’t always fully understand — that can be brought down by a single screw-up?
Modern societies have discounted the cost of that risk because our current reward systems favor optimization
over resilience. CEOs try to deliver short-term improvements, not long-term planning. Nobody gets reelected by
investing in a rainy-day fund. Business leaders are hired or fired based on quarterly results.
Even though the modern quest for optimization has too often made resilience an afterthought, it is not
inevitable that we continue down the risky path we’re on. And making our systems more resilient doesn’t require
going back to a disconnected, primitive world, either. Instead, our complex, interconnected societies simply
demand that we compromise a bit of efficiency in order to allow a little extra cushion (缓冲).
If social systems rely on a more diverse digital array of companies, the societies will be less vulnerable ( 脆弱
的). For the broader set of risks facing global society, better regulation is essential to ensure fail-safes, backups, and
stress testing — so that one error doesn’t bring down entire systems. The CrowdStrike breakdown is a clear
warming that the modern world is fragile by design. So far, we have decided to make ourselves vulnerable. That
means we can decide differently too.
31. The author mentions the CrowdStrike mainly to ______.
A. highlight its crucial role in cybersecurity
B. introduce an information technology collapse
C. explain why people are in a connected system
D. indicate predictable failures of the modern system
32. What can be inferred about a more globalized system?
A. It leads to a highly advanced digitalized network.
B. It tends to prioritize adaptability over productivity.
C. It enlarges the impact of local errors to a global scale.
D. It guarantees immediate economic rewards for participants.
33. As for the future of social systems, which would the author agree with?
A. The more disconnected they are, the more resilient they will be.
B. Some efficiency should be sacrificed for more flexibility.
C. Long-term planning prevents structural breakdowns.
D. History can help people predict future patterns.
34. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. Hyperconnectivity: The Price of Perfection
B. A Wakeful Warning: The Lesson from CrowdStrike
C. System Collapse: An Inevitable Technology Disaster
D. Resilience vs. Optimization: A Debate for Better Systems
