专题20 议论文
第一部分：议论文核心认知与结构
议论文是以议论为主要表达方式，运用一定的材料通过一定的论证方法来表明自己的立场、观点或
态度的文体。议论文一般由论题、论点、论据、论证和结论构成。在议论文中，作者先就论题(某一问题
或现象)提出论点，然后辅之以相关的论据，并在此基础上进行逻辑和理论上的论证，以使读者同意自己
的看法，最终得出结论。
1. 写作目的：就某一话题明确阐述自己的观点，并使用充分的论据进行论证，说服读者接受你的观点。
2. 黄金结构：“总-分-总”三段式
· 引言段：引出话题，亮明观点。
· 主体段：提供论据，详细论证。
· 结论段：总结全文，重申观点，升华主题。
3. 段落内部结构：论点+论据+论证，每一个主体段都应遵循这个结构：
· 主题句：明确写出本段的分论点。
· 扩展句：使用解释、举例、数据、因果分析等方法论证分论点。
· 小结句：简要总结本段，强化分论点。（可省略）
第二部分：万能写作模板
模板一：一边倒结构（明确支持或反对）
Paragraph 1: 引言段
1. 背景引入：Nowadays, there is a heated debate about whether... (当今社会，关于是否……存在着激烈
的争论。)
2. 引出不同观点：Some people believe that..., while others hold the view that... (一些人认为……，而另
一些人则持……的观点。)
3. 亮明自己观点：From my perspective, I am firmly in favor of the former/the latter opinion. (在我看来，
我坚决支持前者/后者的观点。)
Paragraph 2: 主体段（论证理由1）
1. 主题句：Firstly and foremost, ... (首先也是最重要的……)
2. 论证：To be specific, ... (具体来说……) / For example, ... (例如……) This clearly demonstrates
that... (这清楚地表明……)
写作指导
识
Paragraph 3: 主体段（论证理由2）
1. 主题句：Moreover, ... cannot be overlooked. (此外，……不容忽视。)
2. 论证：It is... that... (正是……才……) / Let's take... as an example. (让我们以……为例。) Without...,
it would be impossible to... (没有……，就不可能……)
Paragraph 4: 主体段（让步反驳段 - 使论证更严谨）
1. 承认对方合理之处：Admittedly, ... has its own merits to some extent. For instance, ... (诚然，……在
某种程度上自有其优点。例如……)
2. 进行反驳：However, these advantages are often outweighed by its drawbacks. / Nevertheless, this
does not mean that... (然而，这些优点与其缺点相比往往相形见绌。/ 然而，这并不意味着……)
Paragraph 5: 结论段
1. 总结观点：In conclusion, although there are arguments on both sides, I am convinced that... (总之，
尽管双方都有论点，我坚信……)
2. 提出建议/展望未来：Therefore, it is advisable for us to... / I strongly believe that... will have a
promising future. (因此，我们建议…… / 我坚信……会有一个光明的未来。)
模板二：辩证分析结构（讨论利弊/两种观点）
Paragraph 1: 引言段
1. 背景引入：With the rapid development of..., ... has become an integral part of our lives. (随着……的
飞速发展，……已成为我们生活的一部分。)
2. 引出话题两面性：Like a double-edged sword, it has both positive and negative aspects. (它如同一把
双刃剑，既有积极的一面，也有消极的一面。)
3. 阐明文章目的：This essay will delve into its pros and cons. (本文将深入探讨其利弊。)
Paragraph 2: 有利的一面
1. 主题句：On the one hand, the benefits of ... are manifold. (一方面，……的好处是多方面的。)
2. 论据1：First, it greatly enhances... (首先，它极大地促进了……)
3. 论据2：Second, it provides us with unprecedented convenience in... (其次，它在……方面为我们提供
了前所未有的便利。)
Paragraph 3: 不利的一面
1. 主题句：On the other hand, we cannot turn a blind eye to its detrimental effects. (另一方面，我们不
能对其有害影响视而不见。)
2. 论据1：One of the primary concerns is that... (一个主要的担忧是……)
3. 论据2：Additionally, it might lead to... , such as... (此外，它可能导致……，例如……)
Paragraph 4: 结论段（我的观点+建议）
1. 总结利弊：In summary, while ... offers significant advantages like... , it also brings about challenges
such as... (总之，虽然……带来了诸如……等显著优势，它也带来了诸如……等挑战。)
2. 提出个人观点：As far as I am concerned, the key lies in how we utilize it. We should maximize its
benefits while minimizing its potential harm. (在我看来，关键在于我们如何利用它。我们应最大化其益
处，同时最小化其潜在危害。)
3. 提出建议：Therefore, it is imperative that relevant regulations be established and public awareness be
raised. (因此，建立相关法规并提高公众意识是势在必行的。)
模板二：万能模板
正反观点列举型议论文
There is a widespread concern over the issue that 作文主题. But it is well-known that the opinions concerning this
hot topic vary from person to person.
A majority of people hold the view that 观点1. In their views there are two factors contributing to
this attitude as follows: in the first place, 原因A. Furthermore, in the second place, 原因B. So it goes without
saying that 观点
People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people argue that 观点2. In their
point of view, on the one hand, 原因A. On the other hand, 原因B. Therefore, there is no doubt that 观点2.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that 观点1 或2. It is not only because…, but
also because… The more…, the more
利弊型议论文
Recently, the rise in the problem/ phenomenon of 作文主题 has arouse worldwide concern.In fact,
there are both advantages and disadvantages in 作文主题.
Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, 优点
1. And secondly, 优点2.
Just as a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", 作文主题 is no exception, and in another word, it still
has negative aspects. To begin with, 缺点1. In addition, 缺点2.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of 作文主题 into full play, and reduce the
disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of 作文主题.
谚语型议论文
It is well-knownto us that the proverb "谚语" has a profound significance and valuenot only in our
daily life but also in our study.
It means 谚语含义. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. A case in
point is 例1. Therefore, it goes without saying that it is of great importance to practice the proverb.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, people in increasing number come
to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: "谚语".The more we are aware of the significance of
this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study.
第三部分：核心素材与高分句型库
1. 科技与网络
· 论点（利）：
· It makes information acquisition incredibly efficient. (它使信息获取异常高效。)
· It bridges the geographical gap and facilitates global communication. (它消除了地域隔阂，促进了全
球交流。)
· 论点（弊）：
· Over-reliance on technology may impair people's critical thinking and creativity. (过度依赖科技可能
会损害人们的批判性思维和创造力。)
· The proliferation of misinformation and privacy leakage are serious concerns. (错误信息的泛滥和隐
私泄露是严重的问题。)
· 万能例子：智能手机、社交媒体、人工智能(AI)、在线教育。
2. 环境与保护
· 核心论点：Environmental protection is not a choice, but a necessity for sustainable development. (环境
保护不是一种选择，而是可持续发展的必然要求。)
· 论据：
· The frequent occurrence of extreme weather events is a stern warning from nature. (极端天气事件的
频繁发生是来自自然的严厉警告。)
· Promoting green travel (e.g., cycling, public transport) can significantly reduce carbon emissions. (推
广绿色出行（如骑行、公共交通）可以显著减少碳排放。)
· 万能建议：The government should impose stricter laws, while individuals should cultivate a low-carbon
lifestyle. (政府应实施更严格的法律，而个人应培养低碳生活方式。)
3. 学习与成长
· 核心论点：Lifelong learning is the key to keeping pace with the times. (终身学习是与时俱进的关
键。)
· 论据：
· It's not only about acquiring knowledge, but also about developing problem-solving skills and a
resilient mindset. (它不仅是获取知识，更是培养解决问题的能力和坚韧的心态。)
· Traditional exam-oriented education should be transformed to nurture students' creativity and practical
abilities. (传统的应试教育应向培养学生的创造力和实践能力转变。)
· 万能品质：perseverance (毅力), teamwork (团队合作), curiosity (好奇心)。
4. 文化与健康
· 文化：
· 论点：It is crucial to preserve our cultural heritage while embracing foreign cultures. (在接纳外国文
化的同时，保护我们的文化遗产至关重要。)
· 健康：
· 论点：Physical and mental health is the cornerstone of a happy and productive life. (身心健康是幸
福和高效生活的基石。)
· 论据：Regular exercise and a balanced diet are essential for maintaining good health. (规律锻炼和均
衡饮食对保持健康至关重要。)
第四部分：高分亮句 & 升级技巧
1. 开头段亮句
· 引出话题：The issue of whether... has sparked widespread concern. (关于是否……的问题已引发广泛关
注。)
· 名言引入：As the proverb goes, "Every coin has two sides." (谚语有云：“凡事都有两面性。”)
2. 论证过程亮句
· 举例论证：A case in point is... (一个恰当的例子是……)
· 强调观点：Nothing is more important than... (没有什么比……更重要。)
· 因果论证：This can be attributed to the fact that... (这可以归因于……这一事实。)
· 假设论证：Without..., it would be unimaginable that... (如果没有……，……将是不可想象的。)
3. 结尾段亮句
· 发出号召：It is high time that we took concerted action to... (是我们采取一致行动……的时候了。)
· 展望未来：Only in this way can we forge a brighter and more promising future. (唯有如此，我们才
能开创一个更加光明、更有希望的未来。)
温馨提示：
1. 结构为王：严格遵循“总-分-总”结构，保证逻辑清晰。
2. 模板内化：将模板和句型背熟，变成自己的语言，考场上灵活调用。
3. 观点明确：开头一定要明确亮出观点，不要让阅卷老师猜。
4. 卷面工整：清晰的书写是成功的一半。
2025 年 3 月广州一模---看法+理由---实体书店是否消失？
学校英语俱乐部计划在“世界读书日”举行英文演讲比赛，主题是“实体书店是否会消失?”请你写一篇
英文演讲稿，内容包括：
1.你的看法；2. 你的理由。
2025 年 3 月山东济宁一模---AI 对职业的影响---回复求助信
假定你是李华, 你在 Global Forum 上看到了 Jason 的求助帖。请给他回帖, 内容如下:
(1)你的看法;
(2)你的建议。
In the era of widespread AI, I feel confused about my future career choices. What should I do?
2025 年 3 月温州二模---投稿---社区服务是否该列入毕业条件
假定你是高中生李华，你校英语报正在开展关于“社区服务是否该列入毕业条件”的讨论，请你写一篇
文章投稿，内容包括：
1.你的观点，2. 你的理由。
2025 年 4 月东北三省模拟考试（二）---咨询信---中医
假设你是交换生 Jack，对中医很感兴趣，打算主修中医。你给学校的张老师发邮件进行咨询，内容包括：
(1)学中医的优势和前景；
他的看法。
投稿：校园是否设立涂鸦墙-正方观点 浙江省嘉兴市2025 届高三下学期二模英语试题
你校英文报“Campus Culture”栏目正在开展关于是否设立涂鸦墙（graffiti wall）讨论，请你写一篇短文
投稿，内容包括：1.你的见解；2.你的建议。
Should We Establish a Graffiti Wall?
写作注意要点
1.基本时态为一般现在时。
2.写作思路：三段论。第一段陈述见解（要点1）；第二段提出建议（要点2）；第三段总结观点。
答案：
