文档内容
考点 29 非应用文写作:
正反观点型、利弊对比型、
解决问题型(原卷版)
【命题解读】
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。论点、论据和论证
是不可缺少的三要素。近年来,高考英语书面表达中对开放性议论文文体的考查有递增趋
势。
第一段∶开头-—引论。用以引出一个令人关注的问题(topic),阐明观点或看法。
第二段∶主体——本论。全文的主要部分,对提出的问题进行分析、推论,运用材料
对观点进行论述,使论点得到足够的支持。
第三段∶结尾—结论。对主体部分内容进行概括,明确论点所要解决、论证的问题。
有时则是提出建议或给出解决问题的方法或策略。
议论文的写作较之于其他题材的文章相对有规律可循。而且文章的开头具有一定的共
性,行文中段落的过渡和观点之间的转化也有相似之处。因此使用规律性的语句不但可以
显得条理清楚,而且可以提高文章档次。正反观点型
【议论文 (1)—— 正反观点型 】
【 写作模板 】
1.导入主题
There is a widespread concern over the issue that (某个主题,需以句子形式呈现).But
it is well known that the opinions concerning this hot topic vary from person to person.
2.正方观点
A majority of people approve of the opinion that (正方观点).From their point of
view,there are two factors contributing to this attitude,which are as follows:in the first place,
(原因一).Furthermore, (原因二).
3.反方观点
On the contrary,some people differ in their opinions on this matter.They hold the view that
(反方观点).On the one hand, (原因一).On the other hand, (原因二).
4.阐明个人看法
As far as I am concerned,I think we should take immediate measures to (个人观点).
First of all, .In addition, .Only in this way can we .【说明】文章结构
1.开头:提出问题;
2.主体:陈述不同的观点及其理由;
3.结尾:说明自己的观点。
【 必背词句 】
1.第一段 开门见山,提出主题(1-2句)
(1)We had a heated discussion about/on...
(2)Different people hold different opinions.
(3)Opinions are divided...
(4)People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards...
(5)People have different opinions on this problem.
(6)People take different views on this question.
2.第二段 表达不同观点
(1)...of them hold the opinion that...
(2)...of them are in favor of the idea that...
(3)People who are for/against the idea think that...
(4)Some people believe that...Others argue that...
(5)However,...of them hold a different view./...of them hold the opposite opinion.
(6)However,each coin has two sides.
(7)Different from those...,people think...
(8)On the other hand,people object that...
3.第三段 说明自己的观点
(1)As far as I am concerned...
(2)In my opinion...
(3)It’s my opinion that...
(4)In a word,only through...can we have a bright future.
议论文 (2)—— 利弊对比型【 议论文 (2)—— 利弊对比型 】
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状,再对比事物本身的利弊,有时也会单从一个角度(利或
弊)出发,最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)。
【 写作模板 】
Nowadays,there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) (讨论议题).In
fact,there are both advantages and disadvantages in (讨论议题).Generally
speaking,it is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly ,
(优点一).And secondly, (优点二).
Just as a popular saying goes,“Every coin has two sides”, (讨论议题) is no
exception,and in other words,it still has negative aspects.To begin with, (缺点一).In
addition, (缺点二).
To sum up,we should try to bring the advantages of (讨论议题) into full play,and
reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case,we will definitely make
better use of the (讨论议题).
【说明】文章结构
1.说明事物现状;
2.事物本身的优缺点(或一方面);
3.你对现状(或前景)的看法。
议论文 ( 3 )—— 解决问题型
【 议论文 (3)—— 解决问题型 】
【 写作模板 】
Currently,there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) (讨论议题).It is
really an important concern to every one of us.As a result,we must spare no effort to take some
measures to solve this problem.
As we know,there are many steps which can be taken to solve this problem.First of all,
(途径一).In addition,another way contributing to success of solving the problem is(途径二).
Above all,to solve the problem of (讨论议题),we should find a number of various
ways.But as far as I am concerned,I would prefer to solve the problem in this way,that is to say,
(自己的方法).
【 必背词句 】
一、段落框架
第一段:引出现象,并指出这种现象的后果
常用句型:
(1) Recently the rise in problem of/phenomenon of...has caused/aroused/captured
public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.
(2) Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of...has been brought into focus/has been
brought into public attention.
(3)Nowadays,there is a growing concern about the problem/phenomenon that...
(4)Nowadays,an increasing number of people come to realize/be aware of the importance of...
(5)Nowadays,more and more people are concerned about the problem of...
第二段:提出解决的办法
常用句型:
(1) We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing,
(解决方法一).For another, (解决方法二).Finally, (解决方法三).
(2)It is essential that proper action/effective measures should be taken to reverse this situation/stop
the trend.
(3)It is hoped/suggested that considerable/great efforts should be made to...
(4)There is no easy/immediate solution/approach to the issue of...but...might be beneficial/helpful.
第三段:总结这样做的好处
常用句型:
Only in this way can we...【真题 1】2021年6月全国乙卷
你校将举办英语演讲比赛,请你以 Be smart online learner 写一篇发言稿参赛,
内容包括:
1. 分析优势及不足;
2. 提出学习建议。
注意:
1. 词数100词左右;
2. 题目和首句以为你写好。
【模拟检测 1】假设你是李华,举行了一次班会,班会的主题是:太空探险的意义。请结
合下表内容,用英语给校报写一篇文章,客观地介绍班会上同学们讨论的情况并表达你自
己的观点。
赞同的理由 反对的理由 你自己的观点
1.获得新知识;
1.耗资巨大;
2.从太空取得新资源; ……
2.宇航员的安全问题。
3.扩大人类未来的生存空间。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Outer Space Explorations,YES or NO?
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a classmeeting the other day.
【模拟检测 2】假设你是主持人,请你根据以下表格的信息,为以“Should we give money
to beggars?”为题的班会写一个总结。
一些人 另一些人
孤寡老人不能自食其力而乞讨;
有些学生因家境贫苦而辍学去乞讨; 大部分都是假装的,乞讨只是他们赚钱的一
有些残疾人只能以乞讨为生。 条捷径;
这么做会助长懒惰。
结论:应该尽力帮助弱势群体,但给钱时一定要慎重。
注意:1.词数100左右;
2.文章的开头已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:弱势群体inferior group
We have had a class meeting today on whether we should give money to beggars and we have
different opinions.
【模拟检测 3】面对中学生“出国热”,社会对此有不同的看法。请你以“Studying
Abroad”为题,根据下表所提供的信息,谈谈自己的看法。
Advantages Disadvantages
1.年纪小,缺乏生活经验,自立能力
1.传播各民族间的不同文化;
差;
2.拓宽视野,学习国外先进的科学技术;
2.情感孤独,思乡;
3.良好的语言环境,更利于语言的学习。
3.学习生活费用高。注意:1.词数100左右;
2.开头已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:媒介,中间人mediator
Studying Abroad
In recent years,studying abroad has been popular.
【模拟检测 4】随着互联网的发展和普及,网络购物在中国也变得越来越普遍了,甚至已
经成了我们日常生活中的一部分;相信你们身边一定有不少同学已经通过网络进行购物了
比如淘宝网,京东商城等。但是网络购物究竟有何利弊呢? 请写一篇短文,谈谈网上购物
的好处与坏处。
注意:词数100左右。
【模拟检测 5】请就学生目前过重的课业负担写一篇100词左右的文章。文章必须包
含以下内容:
1.简述学生课业负担过重;
2.造成课业负担过重的原因(至少两个);
3.提出解决办法(至少两个)。【模拟检测 6】假设你校英语社团举办以“讲求文明,从我做起”为主题的征文活动,
请你以“On the Way to School”为题,写一篇英语短文。
内容主要包括:
1.遵守交通法规;
2.注意举止文明。
注意:1.词数100左右;
3. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
【模拟检测 7】(2020·湖南·株洲市南方中学一模)最近,你和同学就本校学生的近视问题
做了一次调查。请根据以下内容(现状、原因、结果与建议),写一篇英文广播稿。
注意: 1. 请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息。
2. 可以适当增加细节,使行文连贯。
3. 词数100左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。
Present situation(现状)
● more and more students are becoming short-sighted
● wear glasses: girls (48.3%), boys (55.2%)
Reasons(原因)
● use mobile phones too much
● have bad reading habits
Results(结果)
● cannot see the blackboard clearly in class
● unable to do sports freely with glasses on
Suggestions(建议)● spend less time on mobile phones and TV
● do eye exercises
......
Recently we have done a survey of short-sightedness in our school.
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