文档内容
考向 43 概要写作之语篇类型特征分析
概要写作与语篇类型
概要写作实际上就是对所读过的文章简要而概括地写出文章的中心大意。写概要时，考生要把文章的具体
信息用一些具有概括功能的词和句表述出来，而不是抄袭文章的句子。写概要也不是把细节性的信息作为中心，
而是要通过对文章中的单词、短语和句子进行合理转换，重新组织文章的信息，再用合适的语言进行表述。这
种写作形式能考查考生的阅读理解能力和对文章的大意进行归纳概括、重新构造、创新输出的能力。
[写作技法]
一、题型特点
要求考生进行概要写作的阅读材料原文词数一般为300词左右。文章体裁可以是记叙文、说明文或者议论
文。写作要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇约 60词的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确，结构
合理，语义连贯，不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。
二、注意事项
1．词数要限制在60词左右，上下限不得超过10个单词。
2．要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。
3．人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。
4．写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得完全照搬照抄原文。
三、写作步骤
第一步：仔细审题
速读文章，确定文章的体裁和题材、人称和时态以及写作要求等。
第二步：细读全文
阅读语篇时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：
圈出记叙文的六要素(who, when, where, what, how, why)，如果是夹叙夹议文，
记叙文
还要写出故事给读者带来的启示或寓意
说明文 找出文章要说明的对象、观点或建议
议论文 提取议论文的三要素(论点、论据、结论)
第三步：初写成文
初写概要时，根据文章不同的文体可采取以下方法：
先用一两句话串联人、时、地、事等要素，再用三到五个句子简要描述事情的
记叙文
经过和结果
说明文 找出要说明对象的现象、原因等或解决问题的措施、建议等
把议论文的三个要素(论点、论据、结论)进行合理地排序、整合和概括，使之语
议论文
义上具有逻辑性和连贯性
第四步：润色升级
初写成文后，要对概要进行润色升级，使用高级词汇和高级句式代替平庸词汇和一般句式，使之锦上添花。
第五步：复查定稿
写好概要后，要从语法和语义角度进行通读。对语法错误和语义不连贯处进行修改润色。最后规范誊写在
答题卷的指定位置。说明文的概要写作
一、说明文的写作顺序
一是以空间为序对事物进行描写；二是以时间为序对事物进行描写；三是按逻辑顺序对事物
进行描写。其中，按“逻辑顺序”描写的说明文又分下面几种：
一是描写某事物的性质功用；二是针对某个问题提出解决方法或措施；三是介绍某现象及其
原因或本质。
在“读写任务”中，纯粹的说明文作为原文的形式出现比较少，不少文章的文体都是介
于“说明”和“议论”之间的，单纯的说明文作为“读写任务”的原文主要是以“逻辑顺序”出现，因为这样
才能更好地为主体部分的议论或叙述服务。
二、说明文的构成
说明文通常由三部分构成，第一部分为文章的第一段，呈献文章所要介绍/说明的对象或阐述
的内容；第二部分为文章的主体，或介绍事物的方位，或描述事物的性质、功用，或提出解决方法，或说明某
种现象等；第三部分为结尾段，呼应首段，归结主题。为此，说明文的写作，当以简洁明了的语言描述事物、
现象或过程。通常，说明文中常会（在每段）有topic sentence出现，这为考生写作summary提供了帮助，但考
生须对其作变通以免落下照抄原句之嫌。
三、概要写作模板
1. 描写事物性质功用
In the passage the writer introduces ...(对象)to us, especially its ... (性质或功用), from which we know... (对象带
来的利好).
2. 问题+解决方法
The passage represents...(问题) and brings forth several measures/methods to solve the problem, which include...
(方法1),...(方法2) and ...(方法3).
3. 现象+原因/本质
(The author/writer represents/introduces) ...(现象) of ... , because /but...(原因/本质1), and ... (原因/本质2).
四、概要写作句式
（一）提出问题: (现象，变化，影响，作用, 例举)
1. More and more (an increasing number of) experts argue (believe) that colors influence (affect) our mood, career and
health.
2. What attracts customers? Obviously the logo contributes a great deal. (The logo plays an important role in / has a
positive effect on attracting customers.)
3. The first metal detectors were meant to help miners. They cost a lot of money. And worst of all, they didn’t functionproperly. ( Metal detectors were first used to help miners, but they cost much, and didn’t work well. )
4. They are in airports. They are in courthouses. Some schools use them. (Many detectors are being used in many places
such as schools, courthouses, and airports. )
5. The distance at which people stand when they speak tends to be smaller in China, while in Nordic cultures people
usually stand further apart. ( For example, not all people stand at the same distance when speaking to others. )
（二）分析问题 （原因，结果）
1. Their calls have become ten times louder, as the seas have become noisier than before. (Whales learn to shout as a
result of increased noises in the ocean. )
2. As robots start doing more and more work we used to do, and doing it much more efficiently, what if the need for jobs
disappears altogether? What if the robots end up... ( People worry about the problems caused by robots’ high efficiency
and so on. )
3. Psychologists suggest there are several reasons for a shopping addiction. For some people, ... For others,... (There are
different reasons why people become shopaholics, such as reducing stress, fighting loneliness and so on.)
4. Some studies show that patients suffering from depression were helped by simply taking a shower. ( Taking cold
showers lead to less stress.)
5. Smoking is said to lead to more heart disease-related deaths. (Besides, smoking is more likely to cause heart disease-
related deaths. )
（三）解决问题 (目的，提倡，避免，想法）
1. What you should be looking for is flat ground. + If it’s possible, you are supposed to pitch camp in a shady place. (It is
important/necessary to find flat ground with shade. )
2. Do not pitch your tent too close to dead trees, because of the danger of fallen branches. (However, it is not a good idea
(not advisable) to place your tent next to dead trees, as you may be in danger of fallen branches.)
3. It is vital to have a strong image, which is immediately recognisable. We should renew logos constantly. (To be better
recognized, logos should be renewed timely. 不定式和被动结构！)
4. By getting rid of the need for people to work, robots would free us up to think more about what really makes us
human. (Furthermore, as robots save us a lot of labor, we humans should focus on thinking about the value of humans.
增加因果关系)
5. In fact, it’s a relationship without any responsibility. Wesch believes that it’s vital for people to use digital media in
positive new ways. (Although Wesch points out that this relationship involves no real responsibility, he still insists that it
is important for people to apply the digital media positively. 增加转折关系)
（五）研究报告(1)表示文章的内容以及研究目的
①This paper is aimed at/covers/mainly deals with...
②The article focuses on the topic of...
(2)表示研究的结论
①The result showed that...
②The author found that...
③It was concluded that...
(3)表示推荐、观点或建议
The author suggests/considers that...
Suggestions are made for...
【检测训练】
1. 阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
It is no one’s job to believe in you, and no one will, unless you believe in yourself. Belief that you can achieve
whatever you set your mind to will keep you working when others give up, and it will give you the tools you need to
craft your own success from any situation. Any natural talent you have is not enough. Talent is only the beginning.
Success is only achieved through hours and hours of hard work, of being knocked down but refusing to quit, and if you
are unwilling to put in the effort, you will be overtaken by those who simply want it more.
Part of success is being able to cope with failure. What if you give your best, and you still fail? My answer to that,
is this: I would sooner look myself in the eye and know I did my best, than know I failed because I was held back by
fear. There is no honour in being able to say that you could have done better if you had tried harder. The rowing race that
I am most proud of was actually one that I lost, as it is the one I know I gave my all to. No one can ask for more than
your best, and if you give your best then you have not failed.
So how do you stop the task at hand from feeling too overwhelming? How do you pace yourself for a goal you
know will take two years to achieve? How do you cope with the pressure? There is a skill to not thinking too far ahead.
You must discipline yourself to focus on what you need to do on a day-by-day basis. Big dreams are made of little goals.
Complete one task at a time, brilliantly, and then the next, and the next. Do this for long enough, and you will get there.
When you do, you can finally step back and appreciate that you have achieved something incredible.
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【参考范文】
There are three keys to success: believing in yourself, facing failure bravely and starting from small goals. Once you
set a goal, do strive hard. (要点1) Even if failure occurs to you, face it bravely and pay attention to what and you do and
how you do it on the way. (要点 2) You shouldn’t be easily defeated by failure. There are skills to succeed in
accomplishing goals: breaking big dreams into small goals one by one, and accomplishing them gradually. (要点3)
【写作分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章议论了成功的三个关键：相信自己，勇敢面对失败，从小目标做起。
【写作步骤】
1.要点摘录
① It is no one’s job to believe in you, and no one will, unless you believe in yourself.
② Success is only achieved through hours and hours of hard work, of being knocked down but refusing to quit,
and if you are unwilling to put in the effort, you will be overtaken by those who simply want it more.
③ Part of success is being able to cope with failure.
④ There is a skill to not thinking too far ahead.
⑤ Big dreams are made of little goals. Complete one task at a time, brilliantly, and then the next, and the next.
2.缜密构思将第1、2和4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
There are three keys to success: believing in yourself, facing failure bravely and starting from small goals.
Once you set a goal, do strive hard.
Even if failure occurs to you, face it bravely and pay attention to what and you do and how you do it on the way.
You shouldn’t be easily defeated by failure.
There are skills to succeed in accomplishing goals: breaking big dreams into small goals one by one, and accomplishing
them gradually.
【写作亮点】
[高分句型1]：Once you set a goal, do strive hard.该句对文章第一段进行概括，句中，once引导条件状语从句，表
达高级。
[高分句型2]：Even if failure occurs to you, face it bravely and pay attention to what and you do and how you do it on
the way.句中，what和how引导名词性宾语从句，表达高级。
2. 阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
As is known, if we are united no one can defeat us. But if we constantly have conflicts or misunderstandings, we
may attract outsiders to take advantage of ourselves, which may ultimately result in our failure. Unity is the source of
strength and people who are united have the capability to tackle any kind of situation as they share each other’s burdensand hardships.
In olden days, man lived alone. He travelled and hunted all by himself, which sometimes gave opportunities to
fierce animal to attack and kill him. Then he realized that if he joined hands with other hunters, he would be able to face
several common dangers and challenges. This is how, villages got formed, which later got developed into the towns and
cities.
In the sports ground, be it cricket, football, baseball, basketball or any kind of sport, a united team and an
appropriate strategy may contribute to the success of the team, but if there is a conflict or unhealthy competition or
unnecessary misunderstanding among the team members, they may invite the opponents to take advantage of their
shortcomings and win the game. Likewise, if the members of a family stay together and support each other in every
phase of life, no outsiders can harm the family.
There was once an old man who lived in a village with his three sons. The sons always fought with each other and
would not pay any attention to their father. The man fell sick and assumed that he would die soon; he was very worried
about the fact that once he died, people would take advantage of his sons’ conflicts. He called all his sons and asked them
to break a bundle of sticks, one by one. None of them could do it. He then untied the bundle and gave each stick to each
one of them asking them to break, which they could very conveniently accomplish. He then told his sons that they should
stay like the bundle of sticks so that no one can break them; but if they keep on fighting, they will be broken by the
outsiders easily.
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【参考范文】
It is well known that united we stand and divided we fall.(要点 1)In ancient times, hunters made joint efforts to
cope with dangers and challenges, thus forming villages and later developing into towns and cities.(要点2)Surely, unity
has a great significance in people’s lives whether in the sports ground or in a family.(要点3)The dying man’s story of
sticks also shows the importance of unity.(要点4)
【写作分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，众所周知，合则立，分则亡。在古代，猎人共同努力应对危险
和挑战，因此形成了村庄，后来发展成城镇和城市。当然，团结在人们的生活中有着重要的意义，无论是在体
育场上还是在家庭中。这个垂死之人的故事也显示了团结的重要性。
【写作步骤】1.要点摘录
①As is known, if we are united no one can defeat us. But if we constantly have conflicts or misunderstandings, we may
attract outsiders to take advantage of ourselves, which may ultimately result in our failure.
②Then he realized that if he joined hands with other hunters, he would be able to face several common dangers and
challenges. This is how, villages got formed, which later got developed into the towns and cities.
③a united team and an appropriate strategy may contribute to the success of the team, but if there is a conflict or
unhealthy competition or unnecessary misunderstanding among the team members, they may invite the opponents to take
advantage of their shortcomings and win the game. Likewise, if the members of a family stay together and support each
other in every phase of life, no outsiders can harm the family.
④He then told his sons that they should stay like the bundle of sticks so that no one can break them; but if they keep on
fighting, they will be broken by the outsiders easily.
2.缜密构思 将第1要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。
3.遣词造句
It is well known that united we stand and divided we fall.
In ancient times, hunters made joint efforts to cope with dangers and challenges, thus forming villages and later
developing into towns and cities.
Surely, unity has a great significance in people’s lives whether in the sports ground or in a family.
The dying man’s story of sticks also shows the importance of unity.
【写作亮点】
[高分句型1] It is well known that united we stand and divided we fall.运用一个主语从句对原文第一段进行了概括。
[高分句型2] )In ancient times, hunters made joint efforts to cope with dangers and challenges, thus forming villages and
later developing into towns and cities.运用现在分词，对第二段进行了概括。
3. 阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
If you’re anything like us, it seems that your stomach starts to grumble(隆隆响)as soon as McDonald’s golden
arches come into view. The reason behind that isn’t the mouthwatering taste of their delicious fries—this is how they get
them to taste so good by the way—it’s actually psychological, and it has to do with the colors of their logo.
The colors red and yellow were chosen for a specific reason, and it wasn’t because they looked nice with Ronald
McDonald’s clown-like face. It actually has to do with science. The color red is stimulating and is associated with being
active. It also increases heart rate, which helps to jumpstart your appetite. The color yellow is associated with happiness
and is the most visible color in daylight, so that’s why a McDonald’s sign is so easy to spot on a crowded road.
The brain processes color before it processes words or shapes, so that’s why the fast-food chain chose these twocolors for their logo and brand. Red and yellow makes you hungry, encouraging you to want to buy the product they sell,
while also making you feel happy.
McDonald’s has started to use this color philosophy to influence and change the way people currently think about
their brand as well. Many franchises(授权经销商)in Europe have started to incorporate more of the color green into their
storefronts and interior design because it’s associated with nature and being environmentally friendly, something
McDonald’s has been criticized for not being in the past. The company has been working to become greener by using
environmentally friendly refrigeration and converting used oil into biodiesel(生物柴油)fuel.
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【参考范文】
The reason why people can’t resist the temptation of McDonald’s is psychologically connected with colors of the
logo.(要点1)Yellow and red were chosen to help increase people’s appetite and make the store sign easy to spot.(要点
2)Another reason is that the human brain processes color before words or shapes.(要点3)Nowadays McDonald’s takes
advantage of the color philosophy to become more environmentally friendly by incorporating more green color into their
store design.(要点4)
【写作分析】这是一篇说明文。人们之所以无法抗拒麦当劳的诱惑，与 logo的颜色有心理上的联系。选择黄色
和红色是为了增加人们的食欲，让商店的招牌更容易被发现。另一个原因是，人类大脑在处理文字或形状之前
处理颜色。如今，麦当劳利用色彩理念，将更多的绿色融入到他们的店面设计中，从而变得更加环保。
【写作步骤】
1 要点摘录
①The reason behind that isn’t the mouthwatering taste of their delicious fries—this is how they get them to taste so good
by the way—it’s actually psychological, and it has to do with the colors of their logo.
②The colors red and yellow were chosen for a specific reason.
③It also increases heart rate, which helps to jumpstart your appetite.
④The color yellow is associated with happiness and is the most visible color in daylight, so that’s why a McDonald’s
sign is so easy to spot on a crowded road.
⑤The brain processes color before it processes words or shapes, so that’s why the fast-food chain chose these two colors
for their logo and brand.⑥McDonald’s has started to use this color philosophy to influence and change the way people currently think about their
brand as well.
⑦Many franchises in Europe have started to incorporate more of the color green into their storefronts and interior design
because it’s associated with nature and being environmentally friendly
2.缜密构思
将第2、3、4个要点整合，将第6、7个要点整合。
3.遣词造句
It is psychologically connected with colors of the logo why people can’t resist the temptation of McDonald’s.
The reason why yellow and red were chosen is that they can help increase people’s appetite and make the store sign easy
to spot.
【写作亮点】
[高分句型1] The reason why people can’t resist the temptation of McDonald’s is psychologically connected with colors
of the logo.运用一个复杂的主从复合句对原文第一段进行了概括。其中why引导的定语从句表达高级。
[高分句型2]：Yellow and red were chosen to help increase people’s appetite and make the store sign easy to spot. 用to
do不定式表目的对第二段进行了概括，且用easy作宾语补足语，表达非常高级。
[高分句型3]：Another reason is that the human brain processes color before words or shapes. 用一个复杂的主从复合
句概括了第三段内容。其中that引导的表语从句表达比较高级。
4. 阅读下面短文,根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
An allergy, also known as an allergic disease, is an immune system reaction to normally harmless things, such as
dust，plants, animals or certain foods. Symptoms vary depending on the allergy. Common cold symptoms such as low
fever, sneezing, and a sore throat may all indicate allergies.
What causes an allergic reaction is a question still puzzling scientists. Types of allergies have greatly increase since
the mid-20th century， leading some experts to suggest the increased environmental pollution is held responsible. Some
experts suggest that allergies are related with genes with twins being particularly likely to share the same problems.
Often，an allergic reaction will develop in childhoods but since many reactions are likely to worsen with repeated
exposure, symptoms can start to appear at any age. However，some people may overcome childhood allergies with age
growing.
Testing for an allergy can be a tricky process，particularly if an allergic reaction could threaten the victim's life.
Doctors often use a skin test method for a variety of possible allergic reactions. In skin testing, a tiny amount of an
allergen (过敏原) is shot into a marked place of skin to see if the skin reacts negatively. If serious reactions are a concern
, doctors can also use a blood test， although this takes more time and may be less accurate than skin testing.Treatment may depend on the type and severe degree of the patient allergic response. In some mild cases， such as
sneezing caused by animal exposure， patients are told to avoid exposure when possible. Avoiding the food is also key
with many food allergies, particularly those that can cause severe responses. When avoiding is impossible,some doctors
may recommend shots. This intends to build up tolerance in the immune system by exposing the patient to increasing
small amounts of the allergen over time.
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【参考范文】
An allergy is a reaction performed by the immune system to common things with various symptoms. As is
suggested, it is connected with environmental pollution or genes, while its real causes are still unclear. Besides，most
allergies will develop with repeated exposure, but some may be overcome. To test for an allergy, a skin test is often
available, and a blood test is also applied if necessary. Moreover，in case of the actual conditions，with avoiding
exposure being most important, different treatments are used accordingly.
【写作分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍过敏。过敏可能表现出各种症状。过敏的测试过程是很困难的，只
有避免接触过敏原才能避免过敏。
【写作步骤】
1 要点摘录
①An allergy, also known as an allergic disease, is an immune system reaction to normally harmless things.
②What causes an allergic reaction is a question still puzzling scientists.
③Some experts suggest the increased environmental pollution is held responsible.
④Some experts suggest that allergies are related with genes with twins being particularly likely to share the same
problems.
⑤Testing for an allergy can be a tricky process.
⑥Doctors often use a skin test method for a variety of possible allergic reactions.If serious reactions are a concern,
doctors can also use a blood test.
⑦Treatment may depend on the type and severe degree of the patient allergic response.
2.缜密构思
将第1个要点进行简写；第2、3、4三个要点进行重组；将第5、6两个要点进行整合；将第7个要点进行重写。3.遣词造句
An allergy is a reaction performed by the immune system to common things with various symptoms.
As is suggested, it is connected with environmental pollution or genes, while its real causes are still unclear.
To test for an allergy, a skin test is often available, and a blood test is also applied if necessary.
In case of the actual conditions，with avoiding exposure being most important different treatments are used accordingly.
【写作亮点】
[高分句型1]
As is suggested, it is connected with environmental pollution or genes, while its real causes are still unclear. 运用了as
引导的非限制性定语从句，把要点3、4进行了重组，while表示对比，对第二个要点进行了阐述。
[高分句型2]
To test for an allergy, a skin test is often available, and a blood test is also applied if necessary.运用了不定式做目的状
语，引出第5个要点，同时其后使用了and的并列句，对第6个要点进行了压缩。
5. 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
College students need textbooks to help them learn and earn an academic degree. However, on top of tuition, room
and board and meals, why are textbooks so expensive? Textbooks cover many areas of knowledge. They are prepared
specifically with a lot of information that include many original pictures, special charts, and specific data. Textbooks are
extremely useful to students for learning and profitable for the companies that publish them. While textbooks can be a
financial burden on the student, they can be profitable for a book scouter (侦察员).
A book scouter is an opportunist who buys cheap used books at thrift stores (二手店) or book sales, and sells them
for more money. Brand new textbooks are the most desired of books for scouters since they typically cost over $100. Of
course, used textbooks don’t cost as much. But when the scouter goes to a thrift store and book sales at libraries,
textbooks can cost as little as several dollars. So, buying used textbooks that are new is one of the most profitable books
that sellers can buy.
Unfortunately, many college textbook editions change every year, which eliminates (消除) the student’s chance to
use last year’s edition. So, they will have to pay more money for brand new textbooks. The sad reality is that very few
changes are generally made between editions.
Book scouters search for textbooks as well as other categories of books available at local thrift stores or book sales.
Textbooks that are new or relatively new are marked down to just a few dollars. Then they can be sold on Amazon for
potentially high profits. Amazon buys new textbooks for a lot more money than most other types of books. If you want to
try scouting textbooks to make a profit, buy their newest editions or the ones ahead of them. Buy it in the best condition
possible. If you live in a town or city where there is a university, you have a better chance of finding good textbooks.Although textbooks can be expensive for the average student, he or she could potentially sell them on Amazon for
the same price that they were purchased. Just remember, knowledge is power and can be profitable too.
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【参考范文】
Textbook burdens students financially but is profitable for book scouters. (要点1) They buy used but new books
and sell them out for extra money. (要点2) However, because of the subtle editions change, students have to buy new
books. (要点3) Therefore, it’s wise to buy the newest version for more profits. (要点4) And students can sell their books
out again for the same price they bought when they don’t use them any more. (要点5)
【写作分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了二手教科书回收者通过回收使用过但是依旧保存良好的的课本并
出售来赚钱这一现象。
【写作步骤】
1 要点摘录
①While textbooks can be a financial burden on the student, they can be profitable for a book scouter.
②So, buying used textbooks that are new is one of the most profitable books that sellers can buy.
③Unfortunately, many college textbook editions change every year, which makes students pay more money for brand
new textbooks.
④If you want to try scouting textbooks to make a profit, buy their newest editions or the ones ahead of them.
⑤Although textbooks can be expensive for the average student, he or she could potentially sell them on Amazon for the
same price that they were purchased.
2.缜密构思
将各要点进行整合，使得逻辑连贯。
3.遣词造句
Textbooks can be a financial burden on the student but be profitable for a book scouter.
Book scouters buy used books which are new and sell them out for profits.
However, textbook editions have subtle change every year, which makes students have to buy brand new textbooks.
Therefore, if you want to make more profit, buy the newest version.
Students can also sell their books out for the same price that they were purchased when they don’t use them any more.
【写作亮点】[高分句型 1] However, because of the subtle editions change, students have to buy new books. 运用介词短语
because of…作状语对第三段大部分内容进行了概括。
[高分句型2] And students can sell their books out again for the same price they bought when they don’t use them any
more. 用省略关系代词的定语从句和when引导的时间状语从句对最后一段进行了概括。
6. 阅读下面短文，根据内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。
Bees are very strange creatures. They have their own way of telling each other that they have found a new flower.
They bring some of its nectar (花蜜) back home and then do a little dance that shows where the flower is and how far
away it is.
In autumn the worker bees go out and collect as much nectar and pollen (花粉) as they can carry. Then they return
to make honey and store it for the long cold winter.
Bees build their own houses but they do not always have round tops like people draw them in storybooks. They are
usually five storeys high. The queen bee always has the bottom storey. In between the bottom storey and all the rest there
are bars only just wide enough for the workers to pass through. The queen bee can never go up to the other floors
because she is bigger than all the other bees. The storeys the queen can’t enter are where the store rooms are. There are
rooms for pollen, nectar and royal jellies (蜂王浆). If there is a fire the workers have to cover the walls and entrance of
the rooms. They have to move the honey and the nectar and pollen away from the hot walls of the room.
The queen is the only that can lay eggs. She mates with a male bee called a drone. Once the queen has laid the eggs
she throws the drone out because a drone just sits around eating honey and nectar. He cannot go out and collect pollen
because drones do not have pollen-carrying things on their legs like the workers have.
Young bees are called nurses because they have to nurse the newborn bees whether they like it or not. What a bee
ends up being when it grows up depends on what it eats. If it is to be a queen it must feed on royal jellies and it must
never, ever set eyes on another queen. If it does they must fight till only one of them is still alive.
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【参考范文】
Bees are weird animals and have a unique way to communicate with one another. (要点 1) Worker bees work
tirelessly to store food. (要点2) Unlike worker bees, the relaxing queen bee takes up the bottom storey of the five-storey
house. (要点3) She even deserts the drone after she finishes using him. (要点4) Same as worker bees, young bees needto work to care for newborn bees, but they can only leave their futures to what they eat. (要点5)
【写作分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍蜜蜂家族生存习性、不同分工及蜂房布局。
【写作步骤】
1 要点摘录
1Bees are very strange creatures. They have their own way of telling each other that they have found a new flower.
2）In autumn the worker bees go out and collect as much nectar and pollen (花粉) as they can carry. Then they return to
make honey and store it for the long cold winter.
3）They are usually five storeys high. The queen bee always has the bottom storey.
4）The queen is the only that can lay eggs. She mates with a male bee called a drone.
5Young bees are called nurses because they have to nurse the newborn bees whether they like it or not.
2.缜密构思
将1、2、3、4、5段各概括为一个要点，共5个要点。
3.遣词造句Bees are weird animals and have a strange way to communicate with each another.
Worker bees work very hard to store food.
Unlike worker bees, the relaxing queen bee always takes up the bottom storey of the five-storey house.
She even throws the drone out after she finishes using him.
Young bees need to work to care for newborn bees, but they can only leave their futures to what they eat.
【写作亮点】
[高分句型1] Unlike worker bees, the relaxing queen bee takes up the bottom storey of the five-storey house.运用介词
短语作状语，对第三段内容进行概括，简练明白。
[高分句型2]She even deserts the drone after she finishes using him.运用含有时间状语从句的复合句对第四段内容进
行高度概括。
[高分句型 3]Same as worker bees, young bees need to work to care for newborn bees, but they can only leave their
futures to what they eat. 运用文章纽带衔接词but，以及名词性从句what they eat将第五段进行高度概括。
