文档内容
考点 29 非应用文写作：
正反观点型、利弊对比型、
解决问题型（解析版）
【命题解读】
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。论点、论据和论证
是不可缺少的三要素。近年来，高考英语书面表达中对开放性议论文文体的考查有递增趋
势。
第一段∶开头-—引论。用以引出一个令人关注的问题（topic），阐明观点或看法。
第二段∶主体——本论。全文的主要部分，对提出的问题进行分析、推论，运用材料
对观点进行论述，使论点得到足够的支持。
第三段∶结尾—结论。对主体部分内容进行概括，明确论点所要解决、论证的问题。
有时则是提出建议或给出解决问题的方法或策略。
议论文的写作较之于其他题材的文章相对有规律可循。而且文章的开头具有一定的共
性，行文中段落的过渡和观点之间的转化也有相似之处。因此使用规律性的语句不但可以
显得条理清楚，而且可以提高文章档次。正反观点型
【议论文 (1)—— 正反观点型 】
【 写作模板 】
1．导入主题
There is a widespread concern over the issue that (某个主题，需以句子形式呈现)．But
it is well known that the opinions concerning this hot topic vary from person to person.
2．正方观点
A majority of people approve of the opinion that (正方观点)．From their point of
view，there are two factors contributing to this attitude，which are as follows：in the first place，
(原因一)．Furthermore， (原因二)．
3．反方观点
On the contrary，some people differ in their opinions on this matter.They hold the view that
(反方观点)．On the one hand， (原因一)．On the other hand， (原因二)．
4．阐明个人看法
As far as I am concerned，I think we should take immediate measures to (个人观点)．
First of all， .In addition， .Only in this way can we .【说明】文章结构
1．开头：提出问题；
2．主体：陈述不同的观点及其理由；
3．结尾：说明自己的观点。
【 必背词句 】
1．第一段 开门见山，提出主题(1－2句)
(1)We had a heated discussion about/on...
(2)Different people hold different opinions.
(3)Opinions are divided...
(4)People have taken/adopted different attitudes towards...
(5)People have different opinions on this problem.
(6)People take different views on this question.
2．第二段 表达不同观点
(1)．..of them hold the opinion that...
(2)．..of them are in favor of the idea that...
(3)People who are for/against the idea think that...
(4)Some people believe that...Others argue that...
(5)However，...of them hold a different view./...of them hold the opposite opinion.
(6)However，each coin has two sides.
(7)Different from those...，people think...
(8)On the other hand，people object that...
3．第三段 说明自己的观点
(1)As far as I am concerned...
(2)In my opinion...
(3)It’s my opinion that...
(4)In a word，only through...can we have a bright future.
议论文 (2)—— 利弊对比型【 议论文 (2)—— 利弊对比型 】
这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度(利或
弊)出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度(或对事物前景提出预测)。
【 写作模板 】
Nowadays，there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) (讨论议题)．In
fact，there are both advantages and disadvantages in (讨论议题)．Generally
speaking，it is widely believed that there are several positive aspects as follows.Firstly ，
(优点一)．And secondly， (优点二)．
Just as a popular saying goes，“Every coin has two sides”， (讨论议题) is no
exception，and in other words，it still has negative aspects.To begin with， (缺点一)．In
addition， (缺点二)．
To sum up，we should try to bring the advantages of (讨论议题) into full play，and
reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time.In that case，we will definitely make
better use of the (讨论议题)．
【说明】文章结构
1．说明事物现状；
2．事物本身的优缺点(或一方面)；
3．你对现状(或前景)的看法。
议论文 ( 3 )—— 解决问题型
【 议论文 (3)—— 解决问题型 】
【 写作模板 】
Currently，there is a widespread concern over (the issue that) (讨论议题)．It is
really an important concern to every one of us.As a result，we must spare no effort to take some
measures to solve this problem.
As we know，there are many steps which can be taken to solve this problem.First of all，
(途径一)．In addition，another way contributing to success of solving the problem is(途径二)．
Above all，to solve the problem of (讨论议题)，we should find a number of various
ways.But as far as I am concerned，I would prefer to solve the problem in this way，that is to say，
(自己的方法)．
【 必背词句 】
一、段落框架
第一段：引出现象，并指出这种现象的后果
常用句型：
(1) Recently the rise in problem of/phenomenon of...has caused/aroused/captured
public/popular/wide/worldwide concern.
(2) Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of...has been brought into focus/has been
brought into public attention.
(3)Nowadays，there is a growing concern about the problem/phenomenon that...
(4)Nowadays，an increasing number of people come to realize/be aware of the importance of...
(5)Nowadays，more and more people are concerned about the problem of...
第二段：提出解决的办法
常用句型：
(1) We should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation.For one thing，
(解决方法一)．For another， (解决方法二)．Finally， (解决方法三)．
(2)It is essential that proper action/effective measures should be taken to reverse this situation/stop
the trend.
(3)It is hoped/suggested that considerable/great efforts should be made to...
(4)There is no easy/immediate solution/approach to the issue of...but...might be beneficial/helpful.
第三段：总结这样做的好处
常用句型：
Only in this way can we...【真题 1】2021年6月全国乙卷
你校将举办英语演讲比赛，请你以 Be smart online learner 写一篇发言稿参赛,
内容包括：
1. 分析优势及不足；
2. 提出学习建议。
注意：
1. 词数100词左右；
2. 题目和首句以为你写好。
【参考范文】
Be smart online learners
Just like the old saying goes, "each coin has two sides." On the one hand, providing an easy
access to plenty of excellent learning sources, online learning is really a helping hand. On the other
hand, what we learn online isn't necessarily what we need, not to mention its constant damage to
our eyes.
For me, online learning is, after all, just a tool. It's not the new method itself but the person
who use it that really matters. To become a smart online learner, not only should we carefully choose
from countless alternatives we may face, but extra attention needs to be attached when we take
lessons online. What's more, on condition that we could apply what we learn online to our daily life,
online learning would be more meaningful.
Thanks, everyone. Hope we all could be smart online learners.
【解析】
本篇书面表达是演讲稿，一种常见的应用文，与去年英语作文比赛稍有差别。英语
书面表达近几年来稳中求变，在测试考生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用学过的英语
知识和掌握的技能，进行思想交流的同时，注重文体变化，突出实用性，更考查学生能否
利用所学语言知识、文化知识等，根据不同目的和受众，通过书面形式创新语篇。
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯。
复合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多的高端句式，如非谓语动词：providing an easy
access to plenty of excellent learning sources, online learning is really a helping hand.；名词性从
句：what we learn online isn't necessarily what we need, not to mention its constant damage to our
eyes. 倒装：To become a smart online learner, not only should we carefully choose from countless
alternatives we may face, but extra attention needs to be attached when we take lessons online.；状语从句：on condition that we could apply what we learn online to our daily life, online learning
would be more meaningful.等。文章思路清晰，层次分明，上下句转换自然。为文章增色添
彩。
(1)Such a situation is of great concern.In my opinion，overprotection and too much care are
extremely bad for children’s development.Instead of doing everything for them，parents should
encourage their children to overcome difficulties and inspire them to develop by themselves.Only
in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.
这样的情况很值得关注。在我看来，过度保护和太多照顾对孩子们的发展是极其有害的。
父母不应该为他们做一切事情，而是应该鼓励孩子们克服困难，激励他们自我发展。只有
这样他们才能独立成长，真正成功。(2013·福建)
(2)But in fact，I often don’t quite follow my timetable because of some reasons.For example，
playing football and watching TV take up much of my spare time.So I think we should have our
parents or someone else supervise us every day.
但是事实上，出于一些原因我经常不遵照时间表。例如踢足球和看电视占据了我很多业余
时间。因此我想我们应该让我们的父母或其他人每天监督我们。(2013·四川)
【模拟检测 1】假设你是李华，举行了一次班会，班会的主题是：太空探险的意义。请结
合下表内容，用英语给校报写一篇文章，客观地介绍班会上同学们讨论的情况并表达你自
己的观点。
赞同的理由 反对的理由 你自己的观点
1.获得新知识；
1.耗资巨大；
2.从太空取得新资源； ……
2.宇航员的安全问题。
3.扩大人类未来的生存空间。
注意：1.词数100左右；2．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Outer Space Explorations，YES or NO?
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a class
meeting the other day.
【参考范文】
Outer Space Explorations ， YES or NO?
We had an argument over whether it is necessary to carry out outer space explorations at a class
meeting the other day.Different students have different attitudes towards it.
Some of us think it important to research the outer space because，first of all，people can get
a better understanding of the outer space through their exploration.Second，new resources can be
found there for human being.Third，this exploration can possibly bring about new living space for
human life in the near future.
However，others are strongly against it.They believe that it takes so much money to do this
kind of exploration，which is not worth the value.Besides，it is very dangerous for astronauts to
do such work in the outer space.
In my opinion，people should be pioneering，and therefore such explorations into the outer
space are worth trying out.
【模拟检测 2】假设你是主持人，请你根据以下表格的信息，为以“Should we give money
to beggars？”为题的班会写一个总结。
一些人 另一些人
孤寡老人不能自食其力而乞讨；
有些学生因家境贫苦而辍学去乞讨； 大部分都是假装的，乞讨只是他们赚钱的一
有些残疾人只能以乞讨为生。 条捷径；
这么做会助长懒惰。
结论：应该尽力帮助弱势群体，但给钱时一定要慎重。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．文章的开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：弱势群体inferior group
We have had a class meeting today on whether we should give money to beggars and we havedifferent opinions.
【参考范文】
We have had a class meeting today on whether we should give money to beggars and we have
different opinions.
Some believe that we should give money to beggars because some of them are old people，
who can’t live on their own.Among them are also some students who have dropped out of school
because their families are so poor.And we can also see some disabled people，who can hardly make
a living due to physical or mental inability.
On the other hand，many more students think we shouldn’t give them money because most of
the beggars beg not because they are poor but because they want to make money more easily.They
are not real beggars.Besides，to give money would encourage them to be lazy even if they have the
ability to work.
In general，we should help people of the inferior group.But we should remain sensible when
giving money.
【模拟检测 3】面对中学生“出国热”，社会对此有不同的看法。请你以“Studying
Abroad”为题，根据下表所提供的信息，谈谈自己的看法。
Advantages Disadvantages
1.年纪小，缺乏生活经验，自立能力
1.传播各民族间的不同文化；
差；
2.拓宽视野，学习国外先进的科学技术；
2.情感孤独，思乡；
3.良好的语言环境，更利于语言的学习。
3.学习生活费用高。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．开头已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：媒介，中间人mediator
Studying Abroad
In recent years，studying abroad has been popular.【参考范文】
Studying Abroad
In recent years ， studying abroad has been popular .Tens of thousands of Chinese students have
gone to foreign countries to study.Many people are trying their best to apply to go abroad.There are
many advantages in attending schools abroad.First，students who have studied abroad can act as
mediators between people of different cultures.Second，we can learn many more advanced
knowledge of science and technology from foreign countries.Third，we can learn many foreign
languages more quickly.
However，there are some disadvantages.Most of the students are too young to live alone
without any living experience.Besides，being far away from their home country，they may feel
lonely and homesick.Also，of course，the costs are much higher there than that at home.
In spite of this，advantages are more than disadvantages.In my opinion，it is advisable to
attend schools abroad.
【模拟检测 4】随着互联网的发展和普及，网络购物在中国也变得越来越普遍了，甚至已
经成了我们日常生活中的一部分；相信你们身边一定有不少同学已经通过网络进行购物了
比如淘宝网，京东商城等。但是网络购物究竟有何利弊呢？ 请写一篇短文，谈谈网上购物
的好处与坏处。
注意：词数100左右。
【参考范文】
We talked about the advantages and disadvantages of Internet shopping these days.Somestudents think it’s very convenient for us to go shopping on the Internet.
The shops on the Internet for example taobao.com，jd.com are open for almost 24 hours a
day so we can buy something we want at any time if we like.What’s more，we needn’t wait in a
queue.
However ， some students disagreed with them.We can’t see the things while we are
shopping，so we are not sure whether they are good or not.Besides，we can’t enjoy the happiness of
shopping with our friends.
【模拟检测 5】请就学生目前过重的课业负担写一篇100词左右的文章。文章必须包
含以下内容：
1.简述学生课业负担过重；
2.造成课业负担过重的原因(至少两个)；
3.提出解决办法(至少两个)。
【参考范文】
Nowadays，students are burdened with heavy workloads.They not only have to study very
hard in the daytime but also stay up late to finish their homework.
There are many reasons.Maybe the most important one is the pressure they may face in the
future.On the other hand，parents and teachers expect too much of them，because they think
nowadays the social competition is very intense.
The problem is becoming more and more serious and it’s time for us to do something to change
the situation.First，teachers should reform their classroom activities to make full use of the time in
class.Besides，students should improve their learning efficiency.In this way，the problem may
finally be solved.
【模拟检测 6】假设你校英语社团举办以“讲求文明，从我做起”为主题的征文活动，请你以“On the Way to School”为题，写一篇英语短文。
内容主要包括：
1．遵守交通法规；
2．注意举止文明。
注意：1.词数100左右；
3. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
【参考范文】
On the Way to School
These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to
life and the environment.Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of
everyone.As for me，it should start on my way to school.
I will keep traffic rules in mind all the way.If I ride a bike，I’ll always keep to the right and
never cross a road until the traffic light turns green.If I walk，I’ll never forget to use the pedestrian
crossing.Meanwhile，I will regard it as my duty to help keep our environment clean and healthy.Not
only will I keep from littering and spitting anywhere，I will also help clean up the roadside litter
whenever possible.I hope my behavior will make a difference.
【模拟检测 7】（2020·湖南·株洲市南方中学一模）最近，你和同学就本校学生的近视问题
做了一次调查。请根据以下内容（现状、原因、结果与建议），写一篇英文广播稿。
注意: 1. 请勿提及与考生相关的真实信息。
2. 可以适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
3. 词数100左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。
Present situation（现状）
● more and more students are becoming short-sighted
● wear glasses: girls (48.3%), boys (55.2%)Reasons（原因）
● use mobile phones too much
● have bad reading habits
Results（结果）
● cannot see the blackboard clearly in class
● unable to do sports freely with glasses on
Suggestions（建议）
● spend less time on mobile phones and TV
● do eye exercises
......
Recently we have done a survey of short-sightedness in our school.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________
【参考范文】
Recently we have done a survey of short-sightedness in our school. It shows that a growing
number of students are becoming short-sighted. 48.3% of girls wear glasses while 55.2% of boys
wear glasses as well. There are several reasons.
First of all, with the rapid development of science technology, students can get access to
mobile phone easily. Some students are even addicted to reading novels with their cellphones.
Besides, some students have bad reading habits, which do great harm to their eyes. As a
consequence, they cannot see the blackboard clearly in class or are unable to do sports freely
with glasses on.
In my opinion, students should spend less time on mobile phones and TV. They had better
do eye exercises regularly every day. They are supposed to keep good reading habits and protect
their eyes as their most precious life gifts.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生就本校学生的近视问题做的一次调查，写一篇英文广
播稿。
【详解】
1.词汇积累
增长的：growing →increasing
此外：besides → what’s more
依某人看来：in one’s opinion →in the opinion of sb.
应该：be supposed to→ should
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：First of all, with the rapid development of science technology, students can get access to
mobile phone easily.
拓展句：First of all, as the science technology is developing rapidly, students can get access to
mobile phone easily.
【点睛】
【高分句型1】Besides, some students have bad reading habits, which do great harm to their
eyes.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】It shows that a growing number of students are becoming short-sighted.（运用
了that引导的宾语从句）
